Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	air_n	element_n	fire_n	13,062	5	7.1789	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A80180	The lighting colomne or sea-mirrour containing the sea-coasts of the northern, eastern and western navigation: setting forth in divers necessarie sea-cards all the ports, rivers, bayes, roads, depths and sands ... With the discoveries of the chief countries, and on what cours and distance they lay one from another ... As also the situation of the northernly countries, as islands, the strate Davids, the isle of Ian-Mayen, Bear-Island, Old-Greenland, Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla ... Gathered out of the experience and practice of divers pilots and lovers of the famous art of navigation. By Jan van Loon. Whereunto is added a brief instruction of the art of navigation, together vvith nevv tables of the suns declination, also an almanack extending untill the yeare 1661.	Colom, Jacob Aertsz, 1599-1673.	1654 (1654)	Wing C5401A; ESTC R230954	549,120	428

THE Lighting Colomne OR SEA-MIRROUR Containing The Sea-Coasts of the Northern Eastern and Western Navigation setting forth in divers necessarie Sea-Cards all the Ports Rivers Bayes Roads Depths and Sands very curiously placed on its due Polus-heighth furnished with the discoveries of the chief Countries and on what cours and distance they lay one from another Never heretofore so clearly laid open and here and there very diligently bettered and augmented for the use of all Sea-men As also The Situation of the Northernly Countries as Island the Strate Davids the Isle of Ian-Mayen Bear-Island Old-Greenland Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla adorned with many Sea-cards and Discoveries Gathered out of the experience and practice of divers Pilots and Lovers of the famous Art of Navigation By JAN VAN LOON VVhereunto is added a brief Instruction of the Art of Navigation together vvith nevv Tables of the Suns Declination also an Almanack extending untill the yeare 1661. At AMSTERDAM Printed by JOHN JOHNSON Bookseller dwelling upon the Water in the Passe-card 1654. A SH RT Instruction in the Art of Navigation THe art of Navigation is a Science by which through certaine rules you may steere a Shipp over the Seas from one place to another and is not improperly devided into two parts to witt into ordinary and extraordinary Navigation The ordinary Navigation useth no other Instruments then the Compasse and sounding Plummet as principally consisting in experience and practice in knowledge of Lands and Corners how they are different in Points and distances and are knowne from the Sea in depths shoales qualityes of grounds the running and falling of Streames upon what point the Moone maketh high water in every severall place such like which in part are learned from the information of experienced Pilots but most out of our owne experience Extraordinary Navigation useth besides the foresayd ordinary practise divers other private Instruments and rules which must bee taken out of Astronomy and Cosmography It is therefore needfull that every Pilot who will use and practise th●s extraordinary Navigation must first of all bee well instructed in the principales of the same Arts that is that hee know and understand the proportions and devisions of the Spheare of the World the motions of the Heavens especially the eighth fourth and first together with the Fabrique of the Instruments without which knowledge its impossible to accomplish happily greate and never before sought out Voyages over the Vast Seas And seeing that such knowledge may bee attained out of good Instruction wee have here set downe in this Tractate for the benefit of young seamen who are desiruns to bee Pilots as cleare and plaine rules as the shortnesse hereof could suffer The first Point Of the Sphere and the divers motions thereof A Spheare properly is called a Ball wholly entire and round whose superficies and outside is ever● where alike distant from its center By that World Sphoera Mundi or Spheare of the World wee understand commonly the whole Ball of the Heavens with all that is therein contained and it is devided into two parts Elementary Coelestiall the Elementary part hath againe 4 parts the first is the earth which with the water as the second maketh a compleate Ball upon which wee dwell The third is the Aire encompassing the earth and the fourth is the fire which according to the opinion of Philosophers containeth the space which is betweene the Aire and the Spheare of the Moone From these Elements which are the beginning of all things which are alwayes subject to changes together with the Warmth of the Heavens arise and perish by a continuall change and alteration of the one into the other all things which wee see and find upon Earth The Celestiall part containing within in its Hollownesse the Elementaryes is pure shining Seperate and voyd of all changes is devided into 8 Speares or round Hollow Balles which are called Heavens whereof the greatest alwayes containeth one the other in manner of a Ball the seaven lowest have but every one one Starre or Plannet whereof the first next the Earth is the Heaven of the Moone the second of Mercury the third of Venus the fourth of the Sonne the fifth of Mars the sixth of Iupiter the seaventh of Saturne and the eigth of all the fixed starrs The number of these Heavens are knowne by their Courses which wee see in them round about the Poles of the Zodiaque The Moone runneth through her Heaven by her own naturall course from West to East in 27 dayes 8 howres Mercury Venus and the Sunne theirs in a yeare Mars his in two yeares Iupiter his in 12 and Saturne in 30 yeares The eighth heaven perfects its owne course according to the affirmation of Tycho Brahe in 25400 yeares These Heavens are turned about all alike in four and twenty houwres on the Poles about the Axes of the World by the ninth Heaven which is called the Primum Mobile that is the first mover by which Motion in our sight is caused Day and Night and the daily rising and falling of the heavenly lights The Second Point Of the Roundnesse of the Earth THat the Earth with the Water together maketh a round Globe appeareth not onely out of experience very clearely but also out part of the Shaddow of Earth in the Eclips of the Moone In whatsoever part of the Heaven the moon is Eclipsed or touched by the Shaddow of the earth that Shaddow seemeth alwayes round If the earth were foure square three corned or of any other forme then the Shaddow of the moone should bee also foure square three cornerd or some other forme For of what proportion any body is such also must bee the Shaddow thereof And seeing therefore that the Shaddow of the earth is alwayes and on al sides round the earth itselfe must alsoo bee necessarilly round That the Heaven is round wee marke from the eye but is most clearely perceived from the Circular motions of the heavenly lights as of the Sonne Moone and Starres The Third Point that the Earth is in the middle of the World THat the earth standeth in the middle of the World may clearely bee understood by what is hereafter spoken for if soo bee that the Globe of the earth stood not in the middle of the World but that the heaven was nearer it on one side it would come to passe that the stars in their daily courses should bee nearer on one side of the earth then on the other and by that meanes should appeare to our sight to bee greater on one side of the earth then on the other likewise if that part of the heaven next to the earth were a boveus we should then see lesse then halfe of the heaven according to instruction of the first Figure and on the contrary when that part of the heaven farthest from us were above us wee should then see more then halfe of the Heaven according to the Instruction of the second Figure But standing upon the flatt side

reckoning they are good longst markes when Monnickedam is about the west end of Schyteldoecks-haven and the house at Muyen betwixt Weesp and the church at Muyen then are you thwart of Muyen sand For to saile right through over Pampus then keepe the steeple of Diemen over or about the point of Tyoort so long as you can see Tyoort that is a right longst marke for to saile over Pampus When you are come thwart of the east end of Marken goe then on northeast or somewhat more eastwardly towards the Fall of Urck which is 7 leagues when you are come with in a great league of Urck you shall meete with a hard sand The Houtribbe called the Houtribbe lying southeast and northwest thwart over the Farewaye there is no more water upon it then upon the Flat of Wieringen or of Freesland you shall finde alsoo no deeper water there then eight through When Enckhuysen lyeth northwest northwest and by west from you then you are upon the Houtribbe Before that you come against the sand you can by night see the fire upon Urck. When as Urck or the fire is more northerly then northeast from you and that you get shoaling then that is certainly of the Houtribbe for so you cannot come too neare the Enckhuysen sand When you come from the southwards you are not about the Enckhuysen sand before that the church upon Urck come without the little village of houses which is then east and by south and east southeast from you if that then you goe away northwest and by west or westnorthwest you shall runne close alongst by the side of the sand With a ship of great draught bring the church a good way through the houses untill that it stand eastsoutheast from you then goe bouldly on northwest and by west or keepe Medenblick without the point of the Ven and so you shal not come too near neither to sand nor shoale Likewise if you come from the northwards and bring Urck not more eastwardly then eastsoutheast from you Marks of Enckhuysen sand then you cannot take hurt also of the Enckhuysen sand From Urck to the buyes upon the Cripple and Hof-stede the course is northwest and by west with that course you may runne all alongst unto the souther buye upon Wieringhe● Flat in turning to windwards you may well bring Medenblick a little within the point of the Ven but when as Medenblick is without it then you are in the right fareway Betwixt Urck and the buye upon the Hofstede northeast somewhat eastwardly from the steeple of Enckhuysen lyeth a little plate of hard sand lying towards the end of Enckhuysen sand which is not deeper then the Frees Flat about to the eastwards of it is the deepest water but about to the westwards of it by some called the Katte-gar you shall be sooner about the High horne or the Enckhuysen sand it is good for ships that draw but little water The thwart markes of the buyes Marks of the buyes upon the Hof-stede Cripple both upon the Cripple and Hosstede are Grootebroeck and Hem two sharp steeples right one in the other and Warnis a little sharp steeple in Freesland to the south side of the Cliffe of Staverne then you have the length of these buyes which lye each of them in three fathom the one on the east shoare and the other on the west shoare upon the tayle of the Cripple There is in the right fare waie two foot lesse then five fathom and soft ground When the steeple of Medenblick commeth to the northwards of the house of Medenblick so farr as the house is broade then you are cleare of Cripple sand and past it goe then on northwest and northwest and by north to the buye upon the Creyl according as the winde and tyde shall be the right farewaie there is deepe 5 fathom scarce Thwart of the Creyl in sailing out or about the Cryel in sailing in that is a little within the Creyl The Cr●yl on the north shoar lyeth alongst the reach towards the buye upon the Hosstede a hard sand or plate called the south Creyl South Creyl upon which there is no more then twelve foot water at low water betwixt that banck and the north shoare it is three fathom deepe and soft ground and to the southwards or the westwards of it foure fathom and an halfe When Mirnes a little flat steeple in Freesland commeth over a long countrie-house to the southwards of the cliffe of Staverne then you come right thwart of that foresayd plate Mark of the Creyl The markes of the buye upon the Creyl are the sharpe steeple of Twisck over the Cornemill to the westwards of Medenblick and that little flat steeple of Mirnes to the south side or east side of the cliffe The right fareway there is four fathom and an half five fathom deep soft ground the buye lyeth in four fathom if need require men may runne wel a cables length about to the eastwardes of it From the buye upon the Creyl to the buye upon the Freese plate Freese plate the course is north and by east When the steeple of Twisck commeth a little to the northwards of Medenblick then keepe them soo standing so long as you can see it then you shal not saile within any shoales betwixt that plate and the Creyl Betwixt the buye upon the Creyl and the Freese plate on the west shoare alongst the Reach lyeth a hard sand called Monick-sand Monick-sand which men may be foul of if they runne somewhat too farre over to the westwards When you are come about the Creyl you may goe on north and by east with a shippe that draweth but little water over the tayle of Broad-sand right to the buye upon the sand called West-worckum but with shippes of great draughts you must keep the right farewaye For to finde the deepest water upon the flat bring Pendragen a little flatte steeple standing to the westwards of Worckum to the westwards of a little village which standeth alsoo to the westwards of Worckum and saile so right with it that is a good longst marke of the buy upon the Freese plate and soo you shall runne right with the buy when as that Warnes and Mirnes come one in the other to the northwards of Staveren then you have the length of the buy which lyeth on the west side of the Plate you must runne alongst to the westwards of it there is the deepest water when you come from the northwards you might sayle within the Freese-plate on the east shoare Being past the foresayd buye upon the plate goe on northnortheast untill that Pendragen come betwixt the little village and Voorwolde If that you have then the cliffe through Staveren then you have the deepest water upon the shoalest of the slatt then men runne commonly a little more norherly unto the buye in the Bight Buy in the Bight and alongst to the westwards

the innermost Drooge drie lyeth on 16 foote the right depth betweene both is 3 fathom The fourth is called Heyckhoeck betweene this and the third the right depth is in five fathom over against the fourth lyeth the white Buy on the strand hard by runneth a little tayle from the shoare which you may under sayle when you sayle outwards to this white Buy or to the third from without it stretcheth eastnortheast in from the fourth to the fifth allmost east further more more southerly The fifth buy is called the outtermost corner buy the sixth the middlemost corner Buy and the seventh or last the innermost corner buy betwixt the outtermost and middlemost corner buy the next outtermost runneth a tayle from the shoare which you may under sayle from without this groweth sometimes allmost as farre as the Buy then breaketh the depth by the wall againe through and scoures the tayle wholly to the north shoare from the innermost buy men run forth alongst by the strand of Vlieland or southward to the buy upon the plate The easterne Booms Channell To sayle into the easterne Booms Channell Comming out of sea or from the westwards bring the Cape on the Schelling the tower of Brandaries together they shall then stand south from you south by east run there upon and you shall find the outermost buy without the Channell in sea upon 4 and a halfe and 5 fathom right without and eastwards the outermost poynt of the steepe grounds they are without upon the northside soo steepe that you are hard by them in 12 and 13 fathom upon them remaineth not more then 5 foote water hard by to the westwards of the foresayd Cape standeth a lighthouse where upon there is light every night Comming by night out of the east you must hold the stroke of the shoare and you may run alongst there by in three fathom till the fire bee right against you and so still further upon three fathom till you come to Heyhoeck then is the fire almost east and east and by north from you there get you deeper water In foure fathom you ma● run without about the steep grounds The easterne Booms Channell is very hard to bee sayled in by an unxeperienced man it is full of wandring grounds even as by Oesel The foreflood falleth eastnortheast thwart over the Channell till allmost halfe flood before it drawes right inwards contrariwise the fore ebbe falleth also westsouthwest thwart over the Channell till almost halfe ebbe before it falleth right out therefore it is best with a northeast or easterly winde fore ebbe A little eastwards of the Cape and the tower get the east shoare and so run alongst thereby upon three fathom this is cleane and flatt wholly till within Cape and the Tower The second buy lyeth within the outtermost poynt of the steepe grounds distant from the first about southwest and by west the steepe grounds are so steepe on the end that it is very neere it 18 foote deepe the east shoare is flatt going up and dryeth by little and little from 18 to 16 14 and 12 foote Eastwards the second buy the fareway is three fathom deepe and to the westwards it is five fathom but not wide therefore you may not run too farre westwards you should bee very suddenly with a fore ebbe upon them they are likewise within very steepe The east shoare you may run soo neare upon your lead as you will onely with a storme the sea breaketh thereupon quite to the second buy The second third fourth and fifth buy lye all upon a row one from another to wit southwest and northeast the third on the east coast though you may goe there a little more eastwards about the east coast is there most flatt and the fareway westwards of the buy seven fathom deepe The fifth called the buy upon Heyhoeck lyeth also on the east shoare but neerer then the third in five fathom these may you also sayle to the eastwards but not farre the fareway westwards these is 7 8 and 9 fathom deepe till you come past this buy you may from without sayle in alongst by the east coast upon your lead also by night or darke weather from thence inwards it is wide and broad From Heyhoeck you must saile to Robbegat Upon the north side of the Robbegat upon the poynt of the dry plate standeth a beak on in the middle of Robbegat next the dry plate lyeth a small shoale before upon the shoale on the poynt in the comming in lyeth a buy betwixt that buy or the small shoale and the foresayd Beacon is the deepest water but you must run in hard by the Beakon that so you may not be deceived with the streame which falleth thwart over the drye plate below and betweene this small shoale and the Rosyne plate it is wider and the Robbegat stretiches in southwest and southwest and by w. Beeing through the Robbegat run to the strand of Vlieland and alongst somewhat neere thereby The Westerne Booms Channell To sayle into the westerne Booms Channell comming from the west bring the Cape and tower of Brandaries together that is then east and east and by south from you thereupon you must run to find the outermost buy there is six fathom water keepe then the Cape and tower so standing till you come to the second buy bring then the tower a greate handspikes length to southwards the Cape and sayle thereupon then you shall sayle betwixt a white and black buy there is it upon the shoalest 17 foote with low water from thence you come to six and seven fathom then you come againe in the right Booms Channell on the northwall it is the deepest it is wide and broad that you could wel vere it up the stream runs there of it selfe right in in still weather To sayle into the letting The letting comming through the Robbegat about the Rosyne plate you must run towards the buy upon Langesant a●d forth betweene the white and black buy leaving in sailing up the black on the larboard and the white on the starboard till you come by the beacons upon the Nakens you may easly see from buy to buy sayle then forth alongst by the Beakons upon the Nakens e. s.e on till Brandaries commeth hard by Grind but not upon it keepe them so standing and run southwards on and you shall saile upon the buy on the tayle of Hendryck 't Iaerts plate these you may under saile on the e. side Leave them on your larboard and run on west away southsoutheast to the last Buy that lyeth upon the south poynt of the foresayd Hendryck 't Iaerts plate Over against the Beakons upon the Nakens lye on the southwall two white buyes the most easterly lyeth upon the tayle which sayling off you may undersayle southwards betweene the two last blacke buyes by the west coast is the Ro●de where the ships which are bound to Harlingen set on to lighten NOTE

or 10 leagues From the Trave of Lubeck to Gester-riffe northeast 19 leagues From Wismerdeep to Gester-risse northnortheast 12 or 13 leagues From Rostick to Gester-riffe the course is north 7 or 8 leagues From Gester-riffe to Doornbosh east 9 leagues From Gester to Meun northeast 7 leagues How these lands doe shew themselves at sea Northerhead Tatinghen Gartinghen Souterhead Thus sheweth the Land of Eyderstee to the northwardes of the Eyder Thus sheweth the Island Ameren List White-cliffe Red-cliffe Heydom Voortrap Thus sheweth it selfe the Island Silt when you sayle alongst by it Doodenbergh Zuyder-zyt Langelegh Luysbergh Thus sheweth the Land of Zuyder-zyt to the southwards of the Doodenbergh Blawebergh Doodenbergh Thus sheweth the Land betwixt the Horne or Doodenbergh and the Haven of Numen Easter poynt Holmes Boevenberghen To the southwards of Boevenberghen Thus sheweth the land betwixt Boevenberghen and the Holmes when you sayle alongst by it three leagues from the land The Scaw Harshals Robsnot Thus riseth the Land betwixt the Holmes and the Scaw when you sayle alongst by it Thus sheweth the land and the Church of Aelst when you are 2 leagues and an half by east Aelburger-deep Wismer Great Cruysoort Little Cruysoort Holster land The east poynt When you sayle to Lubeck alongst betwixt the Land of Cruysoort and Holster land then it sheweth it selfe on both sides thus Barto Robbenesse Rostick Oudevaet Buck-hoocke Thus sheweth the Coast of Meckelenburgh betwixt Cruysoort Dornebosh or the Jelle when you sayle alongst by it a league without the Land The fourth Demonstration Where in are described The Schager Rack as also the Sound from the Paternosters Kol and so forth through the Sound to Falsterbon Britto MAELSTRAND The Westerbergh Island Maelstrand Out-rockes or Paternosters Eastnortheast Pas caarte vant SCHAGER-RACK vande Pater-nosters aen Kol al 's mede de Sondt oock hoe dese landen van Schagen gelegen zyn De SONDT met alle zyn gelegentheyt in t groot About the middest going in at the souther channel lyeth a rock above water which you may sail about on both sides but within that rock lyeth a suncken rock under water and to the southwardes of it also a great rock but a little further out then the other There lyeth also a suncken rock under water by the Island on the north side of the foresayd rock which lyeth above water which men must be very carefull to take heed of There is every where good anchor ground From thence you may sail through within the rocks to Calf-sound Calfsound Bahouse and Nilus Calf-sound lyeth distant from Maelstrand about foure leagues For to sail in there out of the sea you must run 〈◊〉 alongst to the southwards of a great rock whereupon standeth a Warder On the south side of the Havens-mouth there are great rocks but on the north side all small rocks When you come within the rocks about the poynt of the north land there you may anchor in fifteen or sixteen fathom there is good anchor ground From Calfsound you may run up to the southwards through within the rocks unto the river of Nilus Four leagues southsoutheast from Calf-sound lyeth the Island Winneu to the southwards of it goeth in the channell of Nilus or Gottenbergh which is a large and broad sound lying in northnortheast in 8 9 and 10 fathom you must leave Winneu on the larboard side and runne in betwixt the poynt of the main land called Kalderhead and the Island little Denmarck and then in alongst by the main land on the south side untill past Elsburgh to Gottenburgh Gottenburgh it is there all cleane and cleare without any danger that might hurt you You may also sayle into the northwards of Winneu then you must leave Winneu and also some long rocks on the starboard side and the through Island or little Denmarck on the larboard side and then in alongst by the poynt of the mayn land on the south side as is before said Three leagues southsouthe from Winneu lye Malesound and Consback Malesound Malesound is a rough Island which you may sayle round about in seven or eight fathom under it is also good road Two cables length westnorthwest from Malesound lyeth a suncken rock under water and also one even with the water a bow shot from the land whereupon standeth a Warder Eastnortheast from Malesound lyeth the haven of Cons-back Consback there stand 2 great Warders each upon a rock close to the land betwixt them lyeth in the haven it is a fayre haven ten fathom deep and good anchor ground when you come about the low poynt you shall see Cons-back lye to the northwards of you From Malesound southwest and southwest and by west a great league to seawards lyeth the fowle and dangerous rock Nyng or Nijding Nyding The land upon Nyng is about a halfe league long The riffe on the north end runnes till about a league on the land northeast and is a halfe league broad wholy riffe with sharpe stones Upon some places eight seven five and foure foot water The taile which shooteth southerly downe is narrow and runneth from the land northeast about 2 leagues There upon is 5 4 and 3 foot water A league and a half without Nynger-Riffe northwest men may stay upon 6 and 7 fathom You may saile through betwixt Nyding and Malesound or the mayn land but it is there all shallow water Upon Nyding is a fire-beacon whereupon they make fire every night Nydingh Great stones Three leagues to the southwards of Watersbergen lyeth the river of Valckenburgh Valckenburgh On the north side of the Riversmouth lyeth an Island called Murupting and 3 leagues to the southwards of it lyeth an Island called Tullo Tullo betwixt that Island and Valckenburgh within the land lyeth a high hill called Haver being white to see to as if it were sandy Land sea faring men doe name it yong Coll because of the likenesse of height fashion which it hath like Col and sometimes it is mistaken for Coll. Three leagues eastwards from Tullo lyeth Helmstee Helmstee upon a river but there can go in no shipps but onely huyes and boates This river of Helmstee lyeth within a greate Inlet about southsouthwest 4 leagues from Swedereur Kol over these two Warders s w. from you Swedereur Two leagues southwards from Helmstee lyeth the little towne or little castle called Laholm Laholm there goeth also a little river into the land A league westwardes from Laholme lyeth Bosstadt these places lye in a great bay Swedereur Three leagues to the westwardes of Bosstadt lyeth the Island Swedereur you may runne in behind it at both sides for to anchor from the northwardes it is there large and broade for to go in but from the north end of Swedereur shooteth off a little ledge of rocks you must runne alongst to the northwards of the rocks that lye at the north end of Swedereur leaving them on the starboard

northeast from you two leagues it sheweth thus In this forme sheweth the land a little to the westwards of Eastergore when that point is a great league west from you there it is four and twentie and five and twentie fathom deep soft ground Eastergore being a league west from you sheweth thus there it is five and twentie fathom deepe FINIS The second part THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE LIGHTNING-COLVMNE OR SEA MIRROUR WHEREIN Is contained the Description of the Sea-Coasts of Holland Sealand and Flanders from Tessell to the Heads Furnished with all the needfull Seacards sights of Land with divers changes as well in the courses distances as in the heights and purged from many faults Gathered together from the experience of divers Famous Seamen and lovers off Navigation never before brought to light By IOHN van LOON Practicioner in the Sciences of Astronomy Geometry and the Mathematiques IN AMSTERDAM Printed by Iohn Iohnson dwelling at the Signe of the Passe-card 1654. Pascaarte van de NOORT ZEE Vertonende van Caliz tot Dronten al 's oock tusschen Doeveren en Hitlandt The second part of the New LIGHTNING COLUMNE OR SEA MIRROUR THE FIRST BOOKE Of the WESTERNE NAVIGATION Containing The description of the Sea-Coasts of Holland Zealand and Flanders from Tessell to the Heads of Dover and Calice The first demonstration Where in Are delineated the Tessel-streame and the Channell of the same WHEN you saile from Amsterdam to the Fall of Vrck you must keep the middle of the channell in sailing to Tyoort from thence over Pampus Pampus with a shipp of great draught that draweth tenne foot or more keepe Marken church without to the land of Udam called Schyteldoecks-haven soo long untill that the steeple of Zuyderwouw come past Kinnigherbeurt which are the houses half way betwixt Schyteldoecks-haven Durgerdam goe then towards the land east untill that the New church of Amsterdam come about Durgerdam keepe that soo standing untill that the church of Weesp be come past the House or Castle at Muyen so that it do stand somwhat nearer to Muyen then to the House keepe Weesp standing soo untill that Edam come without the east end of Marken In this fare waie it is a foote deeper then if you sailed right through For to avoyde Muyen sand men were wont to bring the houses which were wont to stand upon Tyoort to the southwards of the Heyliger-stee at Amsterdam thereby you may make some reckoning they are good longst markes when Monnickedam is about the west end of Schyteldoecks-haven and the house at Muyen betwixt Weesp and the church at Muyen then are you thwart of Muyen sand For to saile right through over Pampus then keepe the steeple of Diemen over or about the point of Tyoort so long as you can see Tyoort that is a right longst marke for to saile over Pampus When you are come thwart of the east end of Marken goe then on northeast or somewhat more eastwardly towards the Fall of Urck which is seven leagues when you are come with in a great league of Urck you shall meete with a hard sand called the Houtribbe The houtribbe lying southeast and northwest thwart over the Fare waie there is no more water upon it then upon the Flat of Wieringen or of Freesland you shall finde also no deeper water there then eight through When Enckhuysen lyeth northwest and northwest and by west from you then you are upon the Hout-ribbe Before that you come against the sand you can by night see the fire upon Urck. When that Urck or the fire is more northerly then northeast from you and that you get shoaling then that is certainly of the Houtribbe for so you cannot come too neare the Enckhnysē sand When you come from the southwards you are not about the Enckhuysē sand before that the church upon Urck come without the little village of houses which is then east by south and east southeast from you if that then you goe af●ay n. w. and by w. or w. n. w. you shall runne close alongst by the side of the sand With a ship of great draught bring the church a good way through the houses untill that it stand e. s.e from you then goe bouldly on n. w. by w. or keepe Medenblick without the point of the Ven and so you shal not come too near neither to sand nor shoale Likewise if you come from the northwards bring Urck not more eastwardly then e. s.e from you then you cannot take hurt also of the Enckhuysen sand Marks of Enckhuysen sand From Urck to the buyes upon the Cripple Hofstede the course is n. w. by w. with that course you may runne all alongst unto the souther buye upon Wieringhen Flat in turning to windwards you may well bring Medenblick a little within the point of the Ven but when as Medenblick is without it then you are in the right fare way Betwixt Urc and the buye upon the Hofstede northeast somewhat eastwardly from the steeple of Enckhuysē lyeth a little plate of hard sand lying towards the end of Enckhuysen sand which is not deeper then the Frees Flat about to the eastwards of it is the deepest water but about to the westwards of it by some called the Kattegat you shall be sooner about the High horne or the Enckhuysen sand and it is good for ships that draw but little water The thwart markes of the buyes both upon the Cripple and Hofstede Marks of the buyes upon the hof-stede Cripple are Grootebroeck Hem two sharp steeples right one in the other and Warnis a little sharp steeple in Freesland to the south side of the Cliffe of Staverne then you have the length of these buyes which lye each of them in three fathome the one on the east shoare and the other on the west shoare upon the tayle of the Cripple There is in the right fare waie two foot lesse then five fathom soft ground When the steeple of Medenblick commeth to the northwards of the house of Medenblick so farr as the house is broade then you are cleare of Cripple sand and past it goe then on northwest and northwest and by north to the buye upon the Creyl according as the winde and tyde shall be the right farewaie there is deep five fathom scarce Thwart of the Creyl The Creyl in sailing out or about the Creyl in sailing in that is a little within the Creyl on the north shoar lyeth alongst the reach towards the buye upon the Hofstede a hard sand or plate called the south Creyl South-Creyl upon which there is no more then twelve foot water at low water betwixt that banck and the north shoare it is three fathom deepe and soft ground and to the southwards or the westwards of it foure fathom and a halfe When Mirnes a little flat steeple in Freesland cometh over a long countriehouse to the southwards of the clisse of

in from the westwards betwixt the foresayd banck and the land For to fall into Newport and sayle unto the southwards of the banck soo long untill that the innermost beakon come even through or to the eastwards of the outermost and then run in so right by them in alongst amidst the channell betwixt the heads Betwixt the banck and the land it is on both sides flat rising ground so that you may sound the shoares on both sides but on the north side the banck is somewhat steep it is 3 fathom deep close alongst by it Within the havens mouth it is set on both sides of the deep with beakons where you must run through betwixt untill you come before the Towne which lyeth about a Cannon shot from the seaside There is fire in the night upon the 2 great beakons out not longer then from halfe flood to halfe ebbe From New-port to Dunkercke alongst by the shoare through within the banckes it is cleane without any foule ground or bancks and at low water fifteene foot deepe the neerer the shoare the deeper Thwart of the Cloyster Ten Duynen betwixt it and Broers banck it is narrowest which lyeth not farre from the shoare thwart of it you must goe close alongst by the shoare The Quade-bancke Quade-banck runneth of to the eastwards of the head of Dunkercke at least two leagues to the westwards ending thwart of the heads of Dunkercke To the eastwards of the easter head of Dunkerck mē may anchor behind this banck and lye sheltred for a northwest north and northeast winde it is two fathom deepe there at low water but in the comming in it is shoaler Before the Havensmouth of Dunkerck it is 9 and ten fathom deepe and to the westwards of the wester-head of Dunkerck 6. 7. and 8. fathom from thence men may runne over the small banck in three fathom and come against the Broad bancke This small bancke Smal-banck lyeth right thwart before the Haven of Dunkerck to wit betwixt Dunkercke and the Broad-banck For to sail into Dunkerck For to saile into Dunkerck you must bring the fires within a capstane barrs length one to the other to wit the innermost so much to the eastwards of the outtermost keep them soo and run in then close alongst by the easter-head the wester-head lyeth somewhat further of into the sea then the other thwart of it lyeth a sandplate with some pales therefore you must avoyd it and runne in close alongst by the easterhead it is a narrow haven at high water and a common tyde there commeth no more then 12 foot water In the night they doe fire there as at Newport from halfe flood to halfe ebbe and the lowest fire-beakon standeth next unto the sea From the wester-head of Dunkerck runneth of a bancke about 2 leagues long called the Splinter The Splinter which falleth dry at low water at many places men may sayle in by the shoare behind this banck from the westwards almost to the westerhead of Dunkerck and there may come to an anchor in 5 6 7 and eight fathom About halfe a league from the foresaid wester-head there runneth a Slenck through the foresaid bancke where little Shippes may goe through at high water Graveling Graveling is also a tyde-haven where men must goe in at high water there stand two beakons which you must keepe one by the other and sayle so in betwixt the heads on the west side runneth off a little riffe which you must avoyd When you come from the eastwards alongst the coast running through Wolbreck Sound at the end of the Brakes that are the banckes before Dunkerck and from thence westwards then you come against the west poynt of the foresayd little riffe or out-sand off Graveling which lyeth a good way of into the sea to the eastwards of it men run into the Haven of Graveling by night right in with the fires To the westwards of the Haven of Graveling lyeth a bancke or flat alongst the shoare lying a good way of from the land to sea-wards almost as farre to the westwards as Callice Newlanden called the New-Land men may runne alongst by it or over it in five foure and three fathom according as men will The haven of Callice Callice falleth every tyde altogether dry and at high water with a common-tyde there is no lesse then three fathom water For to sayle in there you must keepe the mill standing on the east corner of the towne right over the easter-head run in soo close alongst by the easterhead and let the castle lye on the west side of you from the wester head runneth of a little the riffe therefore you must avoyd it When you are come in within the westerhead you must goe up to the westwards into Paradice and there lye dry at low water By night when the tyde serveth there stand two fires you must run in right with them It is not good to come into this haven before high water because of the exceeding strong tide that runneth in there with the flood for to avoid the anchors of the ships which lye there within It is there within dangerous and bad lying especially with a n. ly winde which bloweth there opē in Thwart of from wester-head of Callice lyeth a bank of two fathom betwixt the head or Meyland and the same banke men may runne through in three fathom at halfe flood the bank is two fathom deepe Under Callice cliffe at the east end men may anchor in then fathom but at the westend lyeth a rocke under water a bow shot from the land Callice cliffe Callice-cliffe lyeth betwixt Callice Blanck nesse Of the Flemish Bancks West from West-cappell and northwest from Oostend about nine leagues without the Coast of Flanders lyeth a little plate whereupon at low water is no more then two and twenty foot water in foule weather the sea breaketh very much upon it About two leagues from Oostend without the land lyeth the Trick The Trick or outerbanck upon it there is no more then fifteen or sixteen foot water When S. Catherines steeple commeth against Oostend then you come on against this banck betwixt this bank and the heads of Oostend lyeth another bank of three fathom water Betwixt Oostend and Newport lye foure bancks all which foure begin about thwart of Oostend the two nearest to the lands end thwart of Newport The other lye all alongst the land almost to Dunkercke the first and nearest to the land is called the Geere The Geer betwixt that and the land goeth a channell through of 8. 9. 10. fathom The second called Laland Laland endeth also against Newport betwixt these two goeth a channel through of eight and nine fathom The third are two banks one to the other the eastermost ending halfe wayes Laland is called stroom Stroom the westermost ending thwart of Dunkerck is called the Stone-bank Stone-banck which hath on the

south from the Island Tariffe Riffe off Tariffe a banck of stones 2 leagues or two leagues and a halfe into sea whereupon is eight nine or ten foote water when it bloweth hard men may see it break The foresayd poynt of S. Sebastians and the Cape de Trafalgar lye ten leag asunder When you are then somewhat without the Cape de Trafalgar and set your course s s.e and s e and by south then you shall fall with the land off the Barbary coast within the Cape de Spartell about thwart off Tanger Tanger lying in a great bight and sand-bay Upon the west poynt of this bay of Tanger standeth a Castle somewhat high and yet somewhat higher upon the high land standeth a little watch-tower but to the eastwards of Tanger standeth alsoo an old ruinous watch-tower whereby Tanger is very easy to be knowne From Tanger to Ape-hill the coast lyeth most e. n.e and e. by north is the right course for to sayle through the Strait If you will sail into the Strait by night then keepe to the Barbary coast which is very cleane and there you can take no hurt but the Spanish coast is fowle as is befote sayd They that will sayle alongst by the Spanish coast they must goe close alongst by the shoare and runne through betwixt the Island Tariffe and the foresayd fowle grounds close alongst by the Island or els must keepe farre off from the Island for to runne alongst without the shoals but in the middest neere a like unto both lands it is best Three leagues to the eastwards of the Island Tariffe lyeth the poynt of Cabrita Cape de Cabrita being the west poynt of the great Bay of Gibraltar over against the hill of Gibralter a little to the w. wards of it is a good road for a n. e. wind in 12 10 8 fathom not farre from the shoare thwart off a great rock which lieth close upon the water side a little to the eastwards of the fire-tower A little to the westwards of that fire tower which standeth upon the foresayd poynt is a fair sandstrand betwixt the two towers there you shall lye smooth for the western grown sea At Gibraltar is a faire Bay almost like a haven if you will anchor in the bay of Gibraltar then saile so farre into it untill that innermost point of the hill of Gibralter doe stand east from you thereabouts it is deepe 5 or 6 fathom and clean ground towards the mill it is shoal water of 3 fathom Men lye there in the Bay landlockt for a w. wind a s winde commeth from the poynt of Gibraltar hill but a southwest wind that bloweth there open in From thence are brought good wines Bay off Gibraltar When you will set saile from the road of Gibraltar with an easterly wind it is good to beare up somewhat before the wind towards the west shoare then forth out alongst by the lee shoare for the easterly winds do fall with such whirling fore-slaughes from over the high land of Gibraltar that you shall be hardly able to get out of the Bay alongst by the high land When you come from the eastwards will sayle out through the Straits and that you are somwhat neere to the Spanish coast then you must be very carefull for that you bring the hill of Gibraltar against the high land of Barbary in regard the land to the northwards of Gibraltarhil is low it seemeth to look to to be nothing els then as if there were the opening of the Straites It hath heretofore happened that some which have so mistaken it have sayled into the bay thinking it to be the opening of the Strait so have lost their ships there Therefore it is very needfull that men take great care not to mistake them selves of the hill of Gibraltar if men do take heed of it it is easy to bee knowne Estepona lieth 5 leagues to the eastwards or to the northwards of Gibraltar betwixt them both stand divers firetowrs upon the coast there is clean ground for to anchor If you will anchor to the eastwardes of Gibraltar by the next tower of Gibraltar then bring Gibraltar southsouthwest from you and anchor in 25 fathom there is cleane ground blacksand but if you will anchor by the second firetower there is a valley there you may fetch water and anchor in 20 or 22 fathom there is a valley and there is also clean ground and better lying for to set sail with easterly winds for those that are bound out of the Strait Before Estepona men may anchor in 14 fathom that is a place for to lade fruite and wines 5 or 6 leagues to the eastwards of it lieth Marveles betwixt them both stand 5 watch towers upon the coast From Gibraltar to Marveles Marveles the course is n.e. and by north distant 12 leagues if you will anchor at Marveles then you must look out for two Pack-houses which stand upon the strand and a great square watch-tower close to the eastwardes off the foresayd Pack-houses bring the gate of the towne so that you may see through betwixt the Pack-houses and the watch-tower and anchor there in nine or ten fathom Right before Marveles the ground is not cleane About a shot of a Cast peece to the westwards of the town men may fetch fresh water From Marveles to Fangerola Fangerola it is 5 leagues eastnortheast betwixt them both stand also 5 watch-towers Fangerola is a castle and hath a faire sand-bay there is good anchor ground in 7 or 8 fathom a flat rising ground men may lye there landlockt for a westsouthwest wind From Fangerola to C. de Mol C. de Mo● the west poynt of Mallaga the course is forth eastnortheast two great leagues but from the west poynt of Mallaga to the town of Mallaga the course is northeast and northeast by east 4 leagues it is there betwixt them both a faire strand where men may anchor all alongst in 10 or 12 fathom Mallaga Mallaga is knowne by these markes There standeth a Castle to the eastwards upon the high land there come two walles downewards towards the sea to another Castle which lyeth by the water-side Before that same Castle is now the road that which was wont to be the right road is now altogether spoyled by casting of ballast If you will anchor in the road before Mallaga then anchor in 10 11 12 or 14 fathom thwart off from the head if that the head come to lye from you north and by east there is very good ground the anchors hold there well also men lye there out of danger for the Moores Velez Mallaga lieth from Mallaga east and by north distant 7 leag betwixt them both men may anchor all alongst by the shoare About a league to the westwards of Velez Mallaga standeth a little Castle before it is good anchoring in 10 or 12 fathom By the