produced and fled away Up to skie down to the grave a wonder like thee where shall men have But mend thy faults or thou shalt hear I 'le blaze them out another year For many a guiltless man thou hast lam'd and many a modest wight defam'd And yet 't is sinne to wrong a thief th' Impostors fault therein was chief For he that would be bold with thee 't were meet he knew Philosophie For thou to such art known and true but hatest fools that men undoe Handling thee without due cause thou being not subject to their lawes Now to conclude one boon grant me I will requite it gratefully If th' old wife kill thee with fasting spittle survive to make her patient cripple For well I know it is in thee to cause disgrace effectually His throat and nose see thou defile For thou thy Father canst beguile Force out his teeth close up his jaw and leave scarce entrance for a straw Yea deafe or dumb see thou him make with ache and woe with palsie shake Regard not thou though he should curse whose griefs th' hast chang'd from ill to worse It 's known by thee ther 's many sleep for whom 't is now too late to weep I 'le leave thee lest thy anger rise thy favours let no man despise For as sword drawn I know thou' rt prest men to offend or yield them rest To any mov'd at these mean rimes I answer 't was my idle times And love to youths in Surgerie urg'd me t' unmask old Mercurie If Zoylus deem I stretch too wide in praising thee what heer 's descri'd I nothing doubt to prove each line to him that quarrels in-due time A word or two touching the foure Elements The foure Elements are Fire Aire Water and Earth But the division which the Chymists of these times plead for touching the Elements Josephus Quercitanus expresseth in these words following saith he The whole world is The whole world contained in two globes What is comprehended in the superiour Globe What the inseriour containeth divided into two Globes to wit into the superiour Heaven which is Aetheriall and Aery and into the inferiour Globe which containeth the Water and the Earth The superiour Globe which is Aetheriall hath in it fire lightning and brightnesse and this fiery Heaven is one formall and essentiall Element the water and earth are the other two Elements so he concludes there is but three and with him all the Chymists of latter times subscribe affirming that number most perfect which agreeth with the everlasting Trinitie Paracelsus in a Treatise of his called Meteorum cap. 1. mentioning the difference betwixt foure and three Elements hath these words Touching fire saith he fire which is esteemed one of the foure Elemente can stand with no reason so to be but as touching the Earth the Water and the Aire they are truly Elements for they give Element â—o man but as touching fire it giveth no Element it hath no part in the breeding of man-kind for it is well possible for a man to be bred and to live without fire but neither without aire water nor earth can man live for in truth from the heavens by help of the other two Elements doth proceed Summer and Winter cold and heat and all nourishment and increase whatsoever without the help of fire Therefore are the heavens the fourth Element yea and the first for the sacred Word sheweth us that in the beginning God made Heaven and Earth shewing that Heaven was the first made and in the outward heavens are included the water and earth which saith Paracelsus may be compared to wine contained in a vessel for wine is not gathered and prepared without a vessel first had and ready proving also many wayes that the fire is included within the Element of Aire and is no Element of it self To prove the like opinion touching the foure Elements I could rehearse the names of many famous Writers if I had leisure and that the occasion were worth it but the question little concerneth the cure of diseases by young Chirurgions wherefore I will conclude this point my self intending neither to quarrel for to prove three nor four let there be four or three either of both shall contentme Certain Fragments concerning Chirurgerie and Alchymie To the Chirurgicall Reader LOving Reader I held it not altogether impertinent to acquaint thee as by the way with some customes which I have observed concerning Chirurgions in forraign parts in my younger dayes travels and chiefly in the Germane Empire as touching their manner of allowing or approving of Chirurgions in those parts if by accident any young Artist should affect to make trial by travel thither for his better experience as I my self have done he may take notice hereby for his instruction Imprimis their orders there generally are that every City Town Corporte or place priviledged hath a constant rule as by ancient tradition of the allowing of onely an usuall accustomed number of Chirurgions thereunto appertaining so that for one instance if the Citie of Hamburge hath twelve Chirurgions belonging thereto although a thousand pound should be tendered in any way to produce a freedome for a thirteenth Chirurgion it could not prevail nor would be taken there as likewise generally it is so all over Germany and each Chirurgion is bred and must be a Barber and so are all Barber Chirurgions and if any one die his Office Art and place rests in the power or disposing of his wife to the use of her and hers so that who so marrieth her or compoundeth with her of what Nation or Countrey soever he be that shall exercise the place it is alike provided he be brought in by the widdow as her husband or agent for her he is capable of a place void having first made his master-piece and performed some Manuall exercises usuall with them in his art of Chirurgerie thereby to give a sufficient testimony to the world of his answerable skill in his Art or Science as namely either by grinding and setting a delicate lancet and therewith opening severall veins smoothly for the more manifest effecting whereof to the brethren of his calling one will lend him his vein namely one on the thumb one on the foot and one on the arme one other on the forehead as also by the neat and exact making an artificial Emplaster Vnguent or the like which done being by rest of the Masters of the Citie approved of and some other rites and ceremonies answering to his calling by him performed according to the custome of the place that he intendeth to reside in he is then being esteemed a Regular person and also having made the Brotherhood of the place and himself well drunk once twice or thrice he is I say ipso sâ—cto admitted to be a brother and freely to use his Function and iâ— styled by the name and honour of a Master of his profession Thus much of their custome But our customes are different from theirs
of the patient as if he had taken a dose of Diaphenicon or confectio Hamech with the usual additaments of decoctions or syrups thereunto as vehicles added Or that a dose of a Panchiagagon of 20. grains be not far more grateful to a sick stomack then an ounce of Diacatholicon de succ Rosarum Confectio Hamech or the like it being daily manifest that the very sight of large doses of medicines although good are nauseous and abhorred of the weak stomack yea that many Patients will endure the disease rather then the medicine whereas on the contrary true prepared Chymick medicines are not onely grateful to be received into the body but also as is said far excel the others in vertue and potent operation and whereas the Chirurgion cannot at all times advise with the learned Physician as fitting and most requisite he should in cases of Physick where such may be had for the health of his patient as namely the Chirurgion being at Sea and upon long Voiages or at land in the Camp or Countrey where learned advice cannot readily be had they have especial reason if they be men provident to be furnished with such medicines as are small of dose and light of portage being also such as do not putrifie nor in one year change their accustomed natures and vertues no nor in any Voiage how long soever all which Chymick medicaments do well perform yea though they be carried in ships and passe the line more then once Whereas few medicines made of Vegetables that are in common practise though sound from the Apothecaries shops will be found serviceable upon just occasion if they go but a six monethes voyage as daily experience sheweth and as the Reader may easily conceive wherefore then how needful precious and how truly valuable such medicines be let any indifferent person judge that being truly made duely administred and their doses and uses observed and known A further explanation of Alchymy containing a division of Natures whole works into three parts viz. Animal Vegetable and Mineral OSwaldus Crollius a learned writer as also Beguinus and divers others with him of that sort do affirm that tota natura inferior sub Sole in tres partes dividitur viz. Animalia Vegetabilia Mineralia The whole inferior work of Nature under the Sun is divided into these three principles viz. into Animal Vegetable and Mineral creatures The Animal Creatures are termed or said to be all whatsoever containeth life the Vegetable creatures are tearmed or meant to be all that which groweth And under the Mineral part is included all metals stones minerals and whatsoever it be that neither vegetateth upon the upper face of the earth nor liveth and from each of these three by learned Authors is taught and by experience is found out that there is again a threefold substance to be extracted and perfectly to be made apparent in every of these creatures and these threefold substances are called Sal Sulphur and Mercury and beginning with the last first their further definitions follow A brief definition of Mercury MErcury is a liquid substance sower or sharp volatile penetrable ayrie and most pure from which all nourishment proceedeth as also all sense motion strength and colour and the keeping back old age from man chiefly next the divine operations of God resteth therein and it agreeth well with the elements of aire and water for to the former it is subject upon every offered occasion to vanish into the soft aire to the latter in that it is very difficultly contained in any straight or certain bound but easily in a vaste or wide capacitie Likewise there are that define Mercury to be a liquid substance that is Eger Porous alwaies moveable often mutable and eaâ—ily penetrable and a body that is most pure and heavenly most subtile and of a lively and spiritual substance being the food of life and yet a shape that is also most mutable concerning his several shapes of all other creatures whereupon Phalopius tearmeth Mercury Miraculum naturae mundo The miracle of Nature in the world In which definition if the Reader may suppose I speak this of the vulgar Mercury viz. Quick-silver and the wonderful Imps of his production he takes me off too short by figure Wherefore I here conclude the definition of Mercury and passe to Sulphur A brief definition of Sulpur SVlphur by the ancient Writers is said to be the balsam of Nature it is sweet oyly and clammy preserving the natural heat of the body being the instrumental cause of all strength of all increasing or generation of all transmutation and the fountain and well-spring of all sents both sweet and stinking and it is compared unto fire by reason of the flame which it easily gathers as other gummy and oyly bodies do and this one thing is proper to it that it hath force of making fit and conglutinating the greatest contraries and Beguinus a famous late writer giveth an example thereof For saith he thou canâ—t never make a fit clay with water and fand unlesse thou mingle Lyme or some other conglutinating body with it so neither fleeting Mercury nor fixed Sal can by any means be forced into one substance and framed into one body but by a band and fetter of Sulphur which participates through the clammy and viscous substance thereof with both the natures of Sal and Mercury and so joyneth them into one to wit it maketh a true accord betwixt the drynesse of Sal and the moystnesse of Mercury by the thicknesse and viscousnesse of Sulphur and so conjoyneth them both joyntly into one body neither may this Sulphâ—r be taken to be meerly Brimstone but rather which in truth it is the fatty and combuftible parts of the body or substance from which it is drawn be it of what quality soever A brief definition of Salt SAlt hath a body that is drie savourie and bitter defending both the mixed and unmixed parts from putrefaction it exceedeth in the faculties of dissolving and discussing coagulating evacuating and scowring and yet from Salt is all the vertue of the two last recited principles borrowed with their tastes and infinite other excellent properties it have so as the analogie of it answereth the earth not because it is merely cold and drie for in truth Minerals generally have no certain temperaments nor can be confined truly under the attributes hot cold dry or moist for that a Mineral is an elementarie body that is of it self firm and fixed and therefore for his operative excellencie is unsearchable specifical and incomprehensible not to be limited or subjugated to any one temperament neither to be comprehended within humane capacitie This may seem unto the Reader but a strange Paradox except by a plainer definition it be explained as namely whether that the Salt here mentioned is â—eally Salt such as is commonly used for salting meat and also to declare that Sulphur is really Brimstone and that Mercury hath the name of Quick silver generally
wood Water NO water whatsoever more gratefull to the stomack then is Wormwood water truly composed for it is as balsame thereto It consumeth and breaketh wind mightily killeth the worms whereunto our Nation are subject in the East-Indies hindereth vomiting provoketh appetite is very good against pains in the head proceeding of a cold cause and is very Cordial Balme Water THis water hath a great respect to the heart for of all other but the former no herb is esteemed more Cordial then this and is of a grateful smell and tast yet I hold it more proper to women then men for it much respecteth the infirmities of the Mother and is in the times of their pains very comfortable to take a little of it for the safer and sooner provoking of speedy delivery Angelica water ANgelica water may serve well in stead of Treakle or Mithridate for a preservative against the Plague or any infectious aire for there is no one thing more commended by ancient and moderne Writers in that kind then Angelica is whereof there is good experience it is also very stomachical and cordial and being truly made will retain his strength and vertues forty years and more Mint Water AQua Menthae doth warm and strengthen the stomack liver spleen or milt helpeth concoction stayeth vomit and is very Cordial Aqua Cardui Benedicti CArdâ—â—s Benedictus Water doth ease the pain of the head confirmeth the memory cureth a quartane provoketh sweat and comforteth the vital spirits The Conclusion AL these waters and spirits rehearsed though in themselves they be good yet if any of the best of them be abused and immoderately taken they may as soon do harm as profit I advise therefore no man to make a common use of them or any of them which hath a young able body and may have a good diet at his pleasure for they are chiefly to be used at sea where mens bodies by variety of the venemous vapours and evil dispositions of the aire or unkind diet are in hazzard or where there is a weak stomack evil digestion with a loathing disposition to meat evil appetite and too much loosnesse of the belly also where by extream heat and sweat the spirits of the body are exhausted and spent or where through the extream cold of the same the body is much annoyed and endangered In all these and infinite more evils incident to mens bodies abroad and at home these precious liquors minister present comfort They also are very behoveful to aged people after their meats to help digestion or them which have weak stomacks or that are of sad and melancholy dispositions for it must not be denied that wine comforteth the heart of man and these waters having their original and whole force from the spirit or life of the wine do thereby exhilarate mans heart and give him courage as well as cure his infirmities If therefore these waters be truly made they ought also to be strong of the spirit of wine otherwise they will not keep long good neither are they profitable nor wholsome and being good one spoonful at one time is sufficient or two spoonfuls at the most for the preserving of health they are best to be taken fasting one hour or two after dinner and last at night either alone or with beere or wine some make a toste fasting and drop the same full of cordial water and so eat it and that is very good In gripings of the guts collick or flixes of the belly proceeding of cold causes or much crudity three spoonfuls or four may be used at once in a Glifter but you must not boil it therein onely put it in when it is ready to be administred for if you do otherwise the spirit will evaporate and be of no force Aqua Rosarum Daâ—ascenarum DAmask Rose-water doth refrigerate and comfort the heart is good against swouning and causeth sleep Aqua Rosarum Rubrarum REd Rose-water doth refrigerate bind and corroborate the vitall and animal faculties benefiteth the head easeth the pained eares and eyes and doth good in inflammations and is profitable in medicines against Dysentery Aqua Odorifera SWeet water is very necessary and profitable to aromatize the body and refresh the senses it sweetneth the garments taking all offensive savours away and doth much exhilarate the spirits being well composed of true Aromatick Ingredients Aqua Plantaginis PLantane water is astringent and sanative good to them that are in a consumption of the lungs in a dropsie or that have the bloody flix good also against the quartane ague it cureth the ulcers of the reins bladder and excoriations of the passage of the yard and being drunk helpeth against ardent urine or the sharpnesse of the water Aqua Falopii FOr this water if you desire the composition thereof I refer you to the Author namely Gabrielus Falopius in his Treatise De Morbo Gallico but hereafter I mean to set down some several compositions thereof for the Author hath divers It is a water proper and is made chiefly of Mercury sublimed I say chiefly for that though the other things for quantity be ten for one yet sublimed Mercury will carry no cools but will ever shew his valour in healing or spoiling I put not this composition ready made into any Surgeons Chest but rather leave the ingredients and let the discreet Surgeon make it to please himself for if I my self should find such a composition made by any I should much fear to use of it and so I wish the Surgeons Mate to do in all Mercurial Lotions but rather let him use such other good Lotions as are set down in the cure of the Scurvy unto any of which he may add sublimate and term it if he please Aquâ— Falopii but I say let him well understand himself both in the composition and administration of any such medicines or let him crave advice or rather forbear them and use other safer medicines though their vertues or vices perhaps be fewer Aqua viridis THis Green water which is held a maxime by some Surgeons hath his tincture from Viridi or Aeris and likewise his astringent tast and vertue His chief use is concerning the cures of Opthalmiae in the eyes and also against divers rheumes or distillations of humours troubling the eyes guttatim or drop-wise adminstred for the description whereof I refer the Reader to the rest of my compositions where they shall be found together but I use in place thereof Lapis medicamentosâ—s which in his place also shall be spoken of Aqua fortis AQua fortis or strong water I have to satisfie some Surgeons put into their Chests but for my self I see no reason for it nor do I know any Chirurgical use it hath which is not much better performed by oyl of vitriâ—l whereunto I refer you rather for that it is a far sweeter and surer medicine as at large shall be spoken of in his place Verjuice VErvise or Verjuice made of the juyce of
cold yea even by Galen himself Tesie cap. 6. lib. prim simpl med cap. 20. ejusdem lib. Spiritus vini SPirit of wine of all vegetables is the most precious thing it is the truest of all Cordials the particular vertues whereof to be duly handled would fill a great Volume It is called as is said Spiritus vini quasi Spiritus vitae and the sacred Scriptures testifie that wine makes glad the heart of man wherefore there needs no further argument to expresse it to be a true Cordial It is odoriferous and of a pleasant tast It extracteth out Tinctures from every medicinal subject It preserveth the body from putrefaction and in every cold oppression of Nature it is a true helper for the cough and all distillations of rheumes and fluxes it is a perfect help It comforteth the stomack and provoketh appetite It helpeth those which are thick of hearing one drop daily put into the ear It preserveth a man in health if every morning and evening he take certain drops thereof and defendeth the body that taketh it from the oppression of infectious aires and being sick almost in any disease it may safely be given as a true restorative medicine All sorts of the Cordial strong waters recited for so much as they contain of spirit of wine in them as is said become thereby if not otherwise Cordial indeed for take from them the spirit of wine they contain and the remainder is not worth the room in a glasse Much might here to good purpose be taught of the true use of the Spirit of wine for the cure of wounds ulcers fistula's and many other infirmities if time would serve which for brevities sake I purposely pretermit at this time Spirit of Vitriol FOr this medicine I refer the Reader to the general Treatise of Salt and to that part which mentioneth Oyl of Vitriol where he shall be satisfied Spirit of Terebinthine THis spirit of Terebinthine is a subtile volatile pure and a Chrystalline spirit exttacted from Terebinthina which how much the more noble the subject is so much the more excellent will the spirit be It hath many precious vertues medicinable contained in it for it is wholly combustible penetrative of a warming and comforting faculty it is a good menstrum to draw Tinctures by either from vegetable or minerall medicines and chiefly it is to extract the Tincture from Sulphur which Tincture is a singular good medicine many wayes as in his proper place I mean to touch This said spirit is a true balsame in the cure of all new wounds especially of the sinewes It comforteth all the sinewie parts of the body afflicted with any cold impression as convulsions the Scurvy or the like It provoketh urine very well if 10. or 12. drops be taken in wine fasting and drives out gravel and the stone It is also good to consolidate any inward wound penetrating into the body a few drops thereof daily drunk It is a fit addition for any Unguent serving for a cold disease to amend the warming force thereof and to cause it to penetrate the better It hath many other singular good uses which for brevitie I must passe over The white Caustick THis kind of Caustick taketh his vertue from the vegetable salt it contains and may well be carried in the Chest for that it will last well an East-India Voyage with some times the addition of a little capital lees as need shall require namely when it groweth too hard It is altogether as safe and sure as the Caustick stone but not so swift in working neither so well to be ruled for it will often spread three times as wide as it is intended if it be not warily prevented which thing is dangerous to the Patient and disgraceful to the Artist Wherefore if I had capital lees I would rather boyle up the Caustick stone but then again except the Surgeons Mate know the true height of boyling it and can cut it into pieces one half inch long as is said and with one of the said pieces held in his one hand can perforate the apostume otherwise it is all one with the former white Causticks for being laid on it will become liquid as the other It is not sufficiently safe to cut a hole as the use is in a spread emplaster of the bignesse he would have his orifice and so lay it on and cover it with a like emplaster for that this course cannot hinder the spreading thereof but if he will work surely after that fashion I mean with any potential caustick medicine let him cut from a roll of some soft emplaster that will cleave well a piece of one ounce in weight or thereabout and make of it two long rolles laying one on each side the place of the apostume appointed to be pierced bringing them at each end together for the ends of a caustick incision ought to be narrow and the middest broad if it be artificial at least twice as long as broad is a good form and rather more Regard also that your incision be made as near as may be according to the length of the fibres and muscles and alwayes that it be so made that one end be more dependent then the other But in Bubo's of the emunctories it will seldom fall out so for that you are constrained to follow the form of the tumour which commonly lieth thwart chiefly in venereal Bubo's in inguine or the groine Likewise if the tumour be full and the Patient in great pain you shall do him great ease by piercing the Esker in the middest so soon as it is made to discharge some of the matter But note this as a general rule never presse out the matter too forcibly nor take too much at once out For howsoever you may justly alledge and conceive it is putrid and offensive matter yet know it containeth natural colour and some spirits and any sudden evacuation thereof will weaken and perhaps overthrow your Patient Wherefore except some extraordinary cause urge you thereto force not much matter from a suppurated Apostume but leave that work to nature onely and hinder not the due course thereof by the foolish use of stopping the orifice with a tent for so thou shalt become an enemy to thy Patient and not onely hinder his natural help far above thy artificial help but also uncharitably thou wilt choke him up in his own excrements which beware of And for the furthering the fall of an Esker in an Apostume where nature hath a breathing it is meer folly as I have said in other place The longer it lyeth on the better I like the work and if you would use all the art you can you cannot keep on an Esker at your will wherefore forget that work till it be done to thy hand I have much in my good will to write of this subject namely of the manner of preparation keeping and sundry sorts of applycation of the same caustick and divers other necessary instructions
unto God for his help and mercy and yet not to mistrust but to use all artificial means referring the successe to the Almighty Wherefore in this case I hold nothing better then a good purge of Rubarb and then to take three or four grains of Laudanum Paracelsi then after The cure of a flux through the contagion of the aire there may be given him one scruple of the best Treacle or Mithridate or London Treacle or meerly Laudanum alone You may give the party also a little Cinamon water or Aqua Theriaculis or Carduus water laying him to rest It were also to be confidered whether the body standeth in need of bleeding purging or a glyster but when as the disease proceeds from contagious and venomous aire and is fierce I hold it the safest course to forbear bleeding or purging for If the flux be fierce and sudden what to be done fear of drawing back the venome to the principal parts and rather to fly to Alexipharmacons or Preservatives as Venice Treacle Mithridate Diatesseron London Treacle or the like And presently after or immediately with it as is said give a dose of Laudanum which of it self is a perfect cordial and a good preservative Many learned writers are of opinion that this disease is infectious The flix through the aire is infectious and that the breath and excrements of the sick man may easily infect a sound man affirming also that from putrified and diseased bowels infections vapours do ascend and descend and partly the rather by a kind of sympathy our bodies have each with other but lest that opinion of mine uttered may perhaps offend the courage of young Artists Infection should not daunt Chirurgions called lawsully to the cure of any disease whatsoever whom I seek by all possible means to embolden let them take this rule from me in the fear of God I hold no disease infectious to me in that I have a lawful calling and I am therefore bound to visit the diseased which who so neglecteth God will find him out with that disease or a worse Now a word or two of such medicines as are belonging to the chest found in the ship or at the utmost may be found in the East-Indies or that are likely to be found there I intend to set forth some instructions for the Chirurgions Mate and first The cure of Dysentery at sea of Lientery note I have cured many both in Dysentery and Lientery with burned Harts-horn or in want hereof I have found that onely the hard bones of Beef or Pork calcined or meerly burned till they be white for so they must be and it may easily be done in any wood or coal-fire being not a fire of sea-coal and then being powdered fine and given continually in the ordinary drinks during the time of the sicknesse it helpeth much and you may assure your self that if you take much or little of it it can do no harm to be taken and with some few drops of Cynamon water if it may be had it is the better or a little Nutmeg and Cynamon in powder therein also I have givenit sometime with Rosasolis and fair water mixed of each two spoonfuls and Ê’j of the powder of bones Another secret which hath cured many of the flix â„ž Wheat flowre and thrust it veryclose together into an end ofa clout and so bind it up hard and close like a bullet and put it into boyling water and boil it three hours or more and you shall find it will be very dry and hard as chalk and powder it and give of this powder Ê’ij or more in any liquid substance fitting and it is a very good midicine for any flux of the belly either white or red this medicine hath been often proved and found sure at sea and land yet it helpeth the vertue of the medicine well if the vehicle or menstrum you give it in be also good namely if you give it with some liquid medicine proper to the grief also Crocus Martis ℈ i. given in red wine Aligant or French wine or with beer or water for a need adding certain drops of Cinamon water it is a very good medicine The same also is given with Venice Treacle or London Treacle or good Mithridate is likewise very good but to a weak person give it alone with Sugar it will please his tast better then with other strong medicines The cure if the disease proceed of worms But if you perceive the disease proceeds of worms as often it doth then give the patient a glyster of a decoction of Althea roots with a little worm-wood adding ColoquintidaÊ’ij where there is no great acrimonious A glyster pains in the guts but where there is great dolour in the guts rather put some Bay-berries namely Ê’ ss in your decoction which decoction you may alsomake meerly of the brain if you please and make it not too slimy I mean put not too much bran or roots therein then add if you have it of Aquilla Laxativa 12. grains Deer suet â„¥ ii or three ounces and give it stirring well the powder therein The means to kill worms this Aquilla Laxativa certainly will kill any worms and give present ease also almost all bitter things kill worms as Aloes Agaricum Coloquintida Worm-wood and the like but principally Aquilla Laxativa doth it sure and is safe to be given the dose by way of glyster is to 10. grains Mr. Edwards his medicine for the flux â„ž red-rose water ij spoons full Cinamon â„¥ ij Almonds of vallence â„¥ iiij unblanched the Cinamon is to be bruised and boiled in iij. pounds of water till ii pounds be consumed then reserve that decoction and add three pounds more of fair water to the former Cinamon and boil it as afore reserve both the waters together then beat or rather grind well your Almonds and being well ground and beaten add thereto some little quantity of the water mentioned grinding the Almonds therewith and again beat the said Almonds and so often beat and strain them with more of the said liquor or water till all the substance of them be in the decoction which will be in the form of an Almond milk then add rose water ij spoonfuls and as much sugar as to sweeten the said drink give the Patient thereof to drink so oft as he please Gluttony a cause of the Flux Let such as fear the flix not overgorge themselves for the evercharging straining of the stomack ofâ— bringeth this sicknesse chiefly when the body is weak as also if the food taken be crude or not well boyled or rosted and meerly fresh without any Salt Also the use of eating Tamarindes brought from Bantham if you use them overmuch by their acrimony may easily cause a flux although their vertues in preserving from the Scurvy are unreproveable and very good indeed The signs of the places affâ—cted with the Flux The higher towards the stomach
well to incorporate which done and that they are mixed all in one and added to the former the Laudanum is readie onely if you could forbear your Medicine so long that it might afterwards stand in a small Alimbeck of glasse with a blinde head one moneth it would be much the better To compose this Opiate aright is bâ—rd to a Bungler This Medicine though it would put many that professe much knowledge in the Art of the Apothecarie to their trumps truely to prepare it yet to an artist which is a true preparer of Medicines it is plain and pleasant to be done and once done it is for his whole life a sure medicine and will do the work-master credit that useth it I have the rather explained this medicine for that so many grosse and dangerous compositions are daily hatched up and uttered abroad for currant under the name of Laudanum Paracelsi opiati to the extream hazard of the lives of very many and to the great prejudice of the Common-wealth from the danger whereof God deliver each honest Christian And for that the younger sort of Artists should not easily be deceived with false compositions though I confess it is Marks to discern the false from the true Laudanum not possible to espie some cunning deceits which may passe in farre plainer compositions then this is yet take these few notes following when you would buy it for remembrances First note that the medicine is fals if it be uneven I mean if it have any course or grosse thing in it so that it will not all clearly dissolve as a juice of Liquorice well made will Notes of the true Laudanum For this is an infallible rule extracts are the pure parts of things and will wholly dissolve or be dissolved Further note that if either honie or sugar be found in the medicine it is false Also if it be more liquid then the ordinarie bals of Liquorice made up in London it is false or foolishly made and will not keep Also if it retain the lothsome smell of Opium it is not to be trusted Also if it be not merely of one colour so that you see nothing of the ingredients appear at all it cannot be good For assure thy self this composition truely made must be smooth and well smelling of such an indifferent hardnesse that without additions you may roule it into pils and is not greatly ponderous or heavie but it is of an unpleasant taste I must tell thee and therefore I use to give it as I have said in a pill except necessitie by weaknesse of the Patient when he cannot swallow a pill urge the contrary or that I use it in outward griefs as to othache c. Iliaca Passio ILion or Iliaca Passio is a most painful disease proceeding from an A fearful viâ—â—â—ation obstruction of the small guts which suffering nothing to passe downwards causeth a great wringing and pain so that many which are oppressed with this disâ—ase do perish and die a very miserable death ending their dayes with their feces or their own excrements issuing out at their mouthes and it is many times noted for a disease infectious Iliaca and Colica differ in place This woful kind of belly-ache or Iliaca Passio differeth from the Collick in the situation in that it hath his place and being in the smal guts and the chollicke onely in the great guts so that a vomit sometimes giveth ease herein but glisters seldome or never give any help for that seldome any thing will be brought forth downwards though the glisters be never so strong but herein the help that is to be hoped for by glisters is farre better effected by the glister Siringe then by the glister bag for one may deliver it with that Instrument with as great force as you please Causes THe causes of this disease are almost one with the Chollick both which are obstructions in the small or great guts and proceed chiefly of three causes as saith Dominicâ—â— Lâ—â— namely 1 The drinesse of the ordure or excrements 2 Abscessus or a bâ—le or a botch in the guts 3 Thick and drie humours Also this disease sometimes commeth by distemperature of the aire being very cold also by a blow or bruise upon the gut â—lion the inward causes may be very many namely by drinking of poyson or cold water meats of hard digestion binding of the belly and such like Signes or tokens THe signes or tokens whereby this disease is known are as Galen affirmeth 7. Aphoris 19. is an intolerable pain and wringing in the upper part of the guts and no excrements descending downward Sometimes it moveth heavie and sore vomits so that the very feces are vomited upward of which disease or grief scarce any in that kind doe escape as Galen witnesseth lib. 6. cap. 2. I have seen the like in a A fearfull vomiting Rupture by reason of a part of the gut Ilion that was fallen through the Peritoneum into Scrotum that could not be reduced the sick vomited his excrements and died the second day Also much watching sometimes causeth great pain in the small guts or Ilion unrest strong Note Convulsions cold in the extream parts and if any feces be gotten forth of the fundament by any means they being put into water will swimme aloft Item if this grief come of poyson drunke then the Patient will suffer Tremor Cordis soundings debilitie of the faculties of the body and vomit doe commonly goe before the pangs and all these aforesaid signes are usually more vehement and stronger then in the Collick Prognostica VVHen the Iliack cometh with distilling or dropping of urine the partie dieth within seven daies Galen aphoris 44. except an Ague happen so that in the mean time sufficient quantitie of urine do come Item vomit the Hicket foolishnesse or idle convulsions are evilâ— signes Avicen upon the 7. aphor 10. A deadly sign The vomiting upward of the excrements deadly yet young folks escape in this disease sooner then old folks A good sign The Ilion where the pain doth change from place to place is of least danger because it dependeth or proceedeth of winde which is easily rosolved Another The breaking of winde upwards or downwards and stinking much is evil and deadly as also the excrements much stinking is the like Cure Promise nâ— cure IN the cure of this disease no Physician or Chirurgion respecting his credit will take upon him absolutely the cure thereof especially if the Scurvie be confirmed in the patient but with protestation of death if the Patient doe vomit the feces or excrements upward but if the Promise no cure Scurvie be not yet confirmed in the Patient then the cure of this disease differeth little from the cure of the Collick and may be indifferently used and is all one but that onely the stronger medicines and greater diligence is to be used in the Iliack then in the Collick which if
This disease preceedeth of divers causes and accidents both outwardly and inwardly Outwardly by cold coming accidentally to the hinder parts arsegut as the long sitting upon a cold stone upon iron a boord upon the cold ground or any hard thing whereby the Sphincture or round muscle compassing the straight gut is pressed or bruised It cometh also by intemperate heat and drought and corruptnesse of the ayre and weather sometimes by long bathing in cold water and sometimes by much using narcotial oyntments and such like Also inwardly this disease proceedeth of salt biting humours abounding throughout the whole body of man also by means of some hot or cold impostume or after a Dysentery or Flux whereas some cholerick matter remaineth behinde in the right-gut yet unevacuated And sometimes too happeneth here in our Countrey as some English Writers affirm by little drinking of Beer or Ale and sometimes it cometh by drinking Too much drinking of wine Nature of Tenasmus too much wine and by eating of costive meates and superabundance of choler adust This disease is of the nature or disposition of a Dysentery or Flux but that the Dysentery paineth the Patient with greivous tortions through all the guts but Tenasmus paineth the Patient usually in the right gut onely as appeareth by Galen in his third book De causis Symptomat And Trajanus in his sixth Chapter and Gal. de causis sympt lib. 3. Trajan cap. 8. lib. 6. The signs of Tenasmus eighth book who affirmeth the same saying Tenasmus recti inteâ—tini est effectus c. The signs and tokens of this disease are chiefly to be known by the Patients relation of the temperature of the body slender diet and egestions whether it be hard or costive or else thin or liquid The pain described In Tenasmus the pain doth not ascend so high as the navel but is chiefly felt with heat pricking and burning with a desire of emptying in the end of the sphincture the excrements being of a yellowish colour Another sign in young men like their starching now adayes but in old persons the excrements are of a more pituos slimie and bloodie substance If the disease proceed of an Impostume the Patient will feel a continual pain and the more augmented and grievous when he goeth to the stool Prognistica Tenasmus after a Dysentery is most hard to be cured Necessary observations Tenasmus in a woman with child causeth oftentimes abortion sobbing vexing or the hickoke and is very pernitious and betokeneth much drynesse Tenasmus long continuing bringeth the Collica and Iliaca Passio or Swoonding and diseases of the head Tenasmus is not numbred amongst long nor sharp diseases for that it is soon cured and if the Patient do eat and drink well there is no danger The cure How to cure Tenasmus proceeding from cold Tenasmus is cured by taking away the causes thereof from whence it doth proceed as if it come by outward cold then let there be applyed to the Ose pecken and hippes warm resolving fomentations and applications as bags of millium with salt being rosted or fried or sacks with bran sodden in wine or water and so applyed as hot as may be suffered and the fundament and parts anointed with oyles of Rew Lillies Bayes Vnguentum martiatum and such like Alexander in his sixth Chap. and eight book saith Tenasmus is cured with foments of Fenigreek and the roots of Altheae being boyled and injected into the belly and also the Patients hinder parts well suffumigated with the same decoction the Patient being compassed about close with clothes and so set over it and then the fundament afterward annointed with oyl of Roses fresh butter or goose grease with wax dissolved Bears and Capons grease and such like Item A fume of Frankencence and pitch being cast upon burning coales and the Patient set close over the fume helpeth presently Item To give present ease to that pain let two bags be filled with wheaten-bran and steeped in boyling vineger and the Patient to sit thereon so hot as may be suffered and to change them continually as the one cooleth to take another Note that in this disease of Tenasmus no cold things are to be applyed A special instruction in administring a glyster for Tenasmus at all Item such glysters as are used in this disease should not exceed half a pound and the glyster-pipe to be put into the gut not above two fingers bredth at the most in length within the gut Concerning exitus vel progressus vel procidentia Aâ—i in English the falling of the fundament THis disease for the most part is accidental to our Nation in hot countries and that chiefly after or in the time of a great flux of blood or humours although it is manifest it also happeneth in all Children more subject to this disease then old people countries and places both to young and old but chiefly to children upon divers several occasions which I list not here to amplifie having no intent to set out my work in painted phrases for I would onely arm the Chirurgions Mate how to proceed in the cure thereof at Sea and yet I know the same will take good effect also at land where that disease happeneth The Causes Causes of the falling of the fundament THe causes of this grief are too many to be named the sign thereof is manifest that it is a resolution or a relaxation of the muscles of those parts whereby the gut slippeth or slideth down lower then the natural place thereof namely out of the body The cure of this grief is for the most part short and likewise if the Patient at Sea be careful and go not out to the shrowds or Beak-head of the ship to stool neither in going force the expulsive vertue of his body over much it will not easily fall down again The Cure It is cured as followeth namely at the first going out use no other remedy then a warm soft clout and thy hands and gently return it into his due place and let the party after it is reduced sit on a hot board or have a very hot napkin doubled and applied to his fundament and another to his belly but whereas this disease for the The cure if it proceed of the fluxes of the belly most part proceedeth from the fluxes of the belly in such cases you must proceed to the cure of such fluxes of the belly and that effected you shall hear no more of this accident but if it usually fall out it is The cure if it useth often to fall down the more dangerous then you may proceed as followeth set the party over a close stoole and fume the place as warm as he can suffer it with a fume of Thus Mastick amber rosin or pitch or any one of these and being fumed well and very warm bestrew the gut fallen down with Album Gracum well powdered and fine for this is precious though
other like infirmities is a very good and ready medicine the description whereof is set downe in the cure of fractures The Caustick stone is made of salt Also the causticke stone called commonly Lapis Infernalis is no other thing then meerely a vegetable salt the virtues and making whereof is not proper in this place to be spoken of but shall in another place be mentioned Thus much at this time concerning common salt Of Vitriol or Copperas in General And first what is Vitriol VItriol called in Latine Calcanthum in English Copperas or Vitriol but more commonly called Copperas is a mineral salt which for the worth and Vertues thereof doth farre excel many other kinds of salts so that not without great reason that worthy Theophrastus Pvracelsus who had truly anatomized that salt affirmed and often repeated that the fourth part of Physick was contained in this Mineral salt from whence the same author also not unfitly doth compare A comparison between Copperas and wood it to wood of which divers formes may be formed and divers instruments also may be made for divers operations and effects for out of this salt many substances may be extracted and prepared and many good medicines may be compounded quite contrary in operation and utterly disagreeing in effects from each other as for example out The divers vertues of Copperas both inward and outward of this Mineral salt medicines of great efficacy may be made as well in purging as also sudoriferous or diaphoreticks Cordials Anodines Narcotick Stupefactive Stipticke Corrosive Abstersive Repercussive Mundificative and Sanative medicines as also against the Epilepsie or falling sicknesse and suffocations of the Matrix good medicines are to be prepared thereof and how these or some of them may be made by Art and of their vertues as time shall serve by Gods helpe I have determined briefly to declare heareafter But I confesse I am not able to discover the fourth part of the great vertues of this worthy salt for I daily meet with some new medicine therein worth the noting Of the different kinds Of Vitriol VItriol or Copperas we may have in England of six or at the least of five kinds namely Vitriolum veneris or Copperas made of Copper which in diseases of the head farre exceedeth others as writers affirme and this kind may easily be prepared and cheape as hereafter shall be set downe The next thereto in vertue is that kind of Copperas which grows in Hungaria which to my knowledg we cannot well have in England though some will affirme they have of it The third sort of Copperas that is praised is the Roman Vitriol or Copperas in a place whereof we doe buy a kind of blew Copperas in London which is not the true Roman Vitriol The fourth kind is brought from Gosler a Towne in Germany neere to the City of Brunswich The fifth kind is commonly brought from Dansk and is somewhat yellowish The sixth and last or worst is our owne common English Copperas These are all the sorts ordinarily to be bought Copperas of divers Colours Though indeed many waies and of many colours copperas may be made yea and of many substances as well from mineral stones as earthes which if time would serve and that it were to the purpose should be further shewed but to be short the Copperas I would chuse for my use is that which cometh from Gosler in Germany it is to be had in London and is not dear and sufficiently good to draw a spirit or oyle from or to make any medicine for inward uses but for outward ordinary uses the common sort of Copperas will serve well and so it will do reasonable well for oyl but not yeeld so much What Copperas for outward uses best Note that the best Copperas as is said is made of Copper or of the Mineral of copper Note further that all copper and brasse will wholly be converted into Copperas yea and turne againe into his owne first substance namely into copper or brasse againe though with losse Also iron and silver will make good Copperas so will divers sorts of stones and earths be converted into good Copperas and springs neere copper mines they doe make Copperas of much after the manner that salt-peeter is made The way to make Vitriolum Veneris or Copperas of Copper is as follweth â„ž THin plates or rather filings of Copper what quantity you please and Brimstone of each a like quantity powder the Brimstone and mix it with the Copper put these into an earthen pan unglazed and place them in a char-coale fire in a Chimny and let them gently heat together till the Brimstone take fire Then with an iron stirre it a little to and fro till all the Brimstone be consumed then take it from the fire and being cold cast it into a gallon or lesse quantity of fair water and it will make the water green and in taft like Copperas poure off that green water filter and keep it and set the same Copper to be made dry againe on the fire which done mixe it with more Brimstone and burne it and quench it as before continuing such worke till all the Copper be consumed and turned into a pleasant blew or green water then mix and boyl the waters till half or more be consumed and set them to cool and being cold if it be A note of the true height of dection sufficiently boyled you shall find Copperas therein if not boyle it more and the Copperas will appear then take away the said Copperas which you find and lay it to dry and boyl the remainder of the water againe and there will be more Copperas take still the Copperas each time out laying it to dry and doing so till all be made into Copperas This is the best kind of Copperas it is in colour of a pleasant blew and is easily to be made and will yeeld a good quantity namely one pound of Copper if it be artificially prepared will make three pounds of Copperas Of Phlegma Vitriol or of the first water drawn from Copperas The rules in this worke PHlegma Vitrioli is made as followeth â„ž Copperas put it into an Alimbecke and place it according to Art in the highest degree of B. M. namely in a boyling water drawing therby from it all the humidity which by B. M. will be exhausted provided you fill your Alimbeck but two third parts full of Copperas when ye put it to distill The vertues of Plegma Vitrioli This liquor as Angelus Salus a late Italian writer affirmeth is good against paines of the head proceeding from heat namely the dose being two drachmes taken fasting for certaine dayes together It swageth also the burning and boyling of the bloud It strengtheneth all the bowels It confirmeth the braine weakened with superfluous heat by the daily use thereof in the Spring time the stomack being purged a little before Also it maketh a moist braine temperate This first
medicine of Copperas was by the Ancients not known my self I must confesse have made no great use of this medicine onely I have used it as a cooling water against the heat of the stomack and sometimes The Author his experience thereof have found it good as also to foment warme with it for any sudden inflammation in any outward part of the body due Evacuation first considered of The said Author ascribeth many more vertues to this first Phelgma or water of Copperas which for that I would be loth to waste time I will not trouble the Reader with Of the preparation of the second water of Vitriol commonly called Spirit of Vitriol Rules in the work THis first recited water being well rectified separated and kept apart then take the glasse Alembeck mentioned containing the Vitriol from out of the B. M. and place it in Arena or a furnace with sand according to Art the Vitriol within being first made into fine powder and distil it therein so long till all the rest of the Humidity shall be drawne from it which the B. M. had no force to exhale This second water you shall perceive to be a cleere and odoriferous water onely remember that thou force not the water over strongly but doe it by a gentle fire The effects This liquor is good to purge the reines it appeaseth inward fretting and gnawing pains taking one drachme thereof in the morning fasting with flesh broth It also causeth store of urine and moderately provoketh sweat It ceaseth the inflammations proceeding of blows or stripes taken in warm broth and mitigateth the pain thereof but if your fire be too strong your liquor will come over so strong that your dose must not exceed ℈ j. at the most wherefore be wary thereof for a good A Cauâ—ioâ— medicine evil handled may do much hurt and so will this if you want judgement to use it In times past they were wont to calcine Vitriol till it was red whereby it was deprived not onely of the first but also of this his second moist and most spiritual substance but How the Ancients prepared this Vitriol for the spirit that was used by them chiefly when onely they intended to prepare the sharpest spirit or strongest oyl of Vitriol which strong oyl of Vitriol hath all the vertues hereafter recited and many more The vertues of the strongest oyl of Vitriol IT helpeth the infirmities of the Lights with the water of Fennel or fumitory It cutteth away the melancholy humours from the stomack with Balm water and comforteth the stomack after a wonderful manner and doth defend the whole body from inward Apostumes and inflammations and therefore it is used with good successe in the Plurisie as also in vulnerary drinks it is approved good for it attenuateth the blood wondefully and defendeth the parts grieved from fear of Gangrene or putrefaction of the blood It conglutinateth ruptures as well of bones as veins and doth exceedingly corroborate and comfort all the parts of mans body and may well be numbred as a principal amongst cordial medicines It is also a very good medicine not onely in preventing the Scurvy taken inwardly but also It helpeth the Scurvy in the cure of the Scurvy many waies both inwardly taken with any comfortable wine or with beer for need or to make a Beverage therewith and daily to use it in small quantity namely four drops for a dose In the Calenture it excelleth all other medicines taken in Calenture Plantane Sorrel or any other good cooling water or onely in fair water Other convenient courses judiciously held as namely to A Caution procure to the party by suppository glyster or potion some looseness of body with also phlebotomy in due season and quantity according to judgement And likewise observing that a dose of Landanum is in such cases a fit help laying the party to rest a loosenes of the belly I say first had by nature or art Moreover for the overgrowings of the gums in the Scurvy Vitriol or Coperas hath no fellow namely a strong decoction of Vitriol with a little mel or mel rosarum and the gums The gums overgrown after they are let blood well rubbed therewith very hot helpeth well Also if a stronger lotion be required you may touch the rotten gums warily once with the oyl it self but beware you touch not the whole skin with the oyl recited or strong spirit for if you onely but rub A Caution the teeth therewith it is hurtful for it will offend and much decay them although I confesse it maketh them white I have had the experience thereof as well by making black teeth white as also in lotions for the teeth wherefore I know that the much use thereof consumeth Vlcerations of the mouth and throat the teeth in ulcerations of the throat or mouth that resist ordinary cure by other good lotions usual touch the ulcerated part warily but once therewith and the ulcerations will heal very fast A Caution afterwards with any ordinary medicines and helps remembring as cause shall require to use due evacuations or Phlebotomy Also this strong spirit is good for inflamations of the throat namely against Inflamations of the throat Squinancy or Angina used certain drops in a fit Gargarisme or Lotion namely to make it somewhat sower and then gargarize warm therewith for it mightily quencheth inflamations and tempereth well the blood and being likewise a little thereof given to drink namely six A Caution drops in such a case it is much the better alwaies remembring that all such diseases require loosenesse of the belly and sometimes phlebotomy Vlcers and fistula s. Moreover in ulcers and fistula's scarce a better medicine is found to enlarge a strict orifice remove a callow or truly to correct and prepare any inveterate Ulcer to good healing onely by touching it with lint on the end of a Probe thereby putting the medicine to the Purging medicines place where the cause is This strong tart spirit or oyl of Vitriol is almost generally in all purgative medicines a notable corrective and as it were a good help to them to do their office for it comforteth the whole body and it giveth a grateful taste almost to any medicine A bad appetite It is also good to a weak stomack oppressed with phlegme or slime and helpeth appetite taken in conserve of roses it hath infinite other vertues too long here to relate and indeed above my reach to search out Pestilential fevers There is no medicine more precious in pestilential fevers then this strong oyl or spirit is my self have often used it to others in that case and taken it my self with good successe The true and utmost dose is onely so much thereof as may make the vehicle or medicine wherein you give it somewhat sower but not too tart for no man can say justly give five six or seven drops for that one
thing Vegetable that spiritual part which is combustible though it be liquid is termed the Sulphur thereof viz. Aqua vitae is the Sulphurous part of Wine and so also of Beer is to be understood Of Sulphur in particular What it is SVlphur in particular is that usual Sulphur or Brimstone which with us is common of which Artists make divers exellent medicines viz Flos Oleum Lac Arcanum and Balsamum Sulphuris as also Essentia Sulphuris with many other profitable preparations The divers appellations of Sulphur This Sulphur or Brimstone is tearmed the Balsome of the Earth of some others it is tearmed a Mineral Terbinthine of other some a Rosin or Gum of the earth and is plentiful in all the world for if you The plenty of Sulphur but note for one mean instance the Sea-coles as we term them which we burn even they are full of Brimstone whereby they kindle so soon and burn so noysome that were they not burned in Chimnies none could live and indure their Sulphurous fume As also the Turfs in some places used for fuel and generally all the earth is replenished with Brimstone Moreover note that there is no M ttal whatsoever it be as is said but contains a natural Sulphur in it othe rwise it were no Metal for Sulpher tht Father of Metals in truth many of the ancient Writers do affirm that Sulphur is the Father of all Metals and notwithstanding all Metals contain a part of Brimstone or Sulphur in them yet we see Sulphur or Brimstone also to be an ordinary substance of it self without the help of any Metal to it Further it is apparent that Sulphur or Brimstome is of many different kinds as is said and thus much briefly of Sulphur or Brimstone In praise of Sulphur or Brimstone THis Sulphur from the Horrid deep dame Nature did ordain A fearful scourge for sin to be as Scripture doth explain A taste whereof we may perceive for his infernal fire Hath millions slain in town and field by Mars his furious ire Yet though it seem most mercilesse our God will have it so That from the self-same subject shall great choice of medicines flow Yea it one chief amongst three is held in all that live and breath And Vegetables it maintains yet burns in Caves beneath A Father it is of Minerals Philosophers say so By help whereof they 're made concreat from Chaos whence they grow The Sulphur that 's in Animals in fatnesse chiefely stands Each odor be it good or bad is linck't in Sulphurs bands The Vegent Sulph'urs many are each answering to his kinde Some Gummy Oylely watery and airy eke inclin'd Yea Sulphur vini glads mans heart his courage it doth whet And many a strong man it puls down it can inebriate I mean the sulphrous spirits of wine Sir Barly-corn also Hath shewed himself a man at Arms each plow-man that doth know But to return being wide digrest from what I have in hand The minerall Sulphur was my scope well known at Sea and Land Which Brimstone crude ' gainst itches tri'd in countrey and in town And to kill worms in man and beast is us'd of every clown The oyle of Sulphur well prepar'd a jewell is of price His Balsam precious is also these are no new device The quintessence thereof is pure and cheers each vitall part Yea being prepared faithfully it doth revive the heart The flowres serve ' gainst pestilence ' gainst Asthma and the Murre ' Gainst Fevers and ' gainst Plurisies to appetite a spurre Unto the Lungs a Balsam 't is the Collick it doth cure From falling sicknesse it defends and is both safe and sure In Physick and Chirurgerie great help it doth produce To him that hath it well prepar'd and rightly knowes his use But Chymick medicines are to fooles like swords in mad mens hands When they should aid oft times do kill such hazard in them stands Let Surgeons Mates to whom I write be warn'd by me their friend And not too rashly give a Dose which then 's too late to mend For many a good man leaves his life through errours of that kind Which I wish young men would avoid and bear my words in mind Though Sulphur Sal and Mercurie have healing medicines store Yet know th' have poyson and can kill prepare them well therefore MERCVRIVS ☿ My shape and habit strange you see my actions best can witnesse me About the world I take my way with Sol in circuit once a day From earth to skie with oft returns from substance to a blast From good to bad and good again hence wing'd I flie in hast OF MERCURIE in Generall Mercury commended and dispraysed MErcurie is generally taken by Chymists for one of the three principles whereof each compleat creature is framed by nature and it is also the first which forsaketh his fellows being assailed by Vulcane it is in truth a fugitive vagrant substance which in the preparing of divers simple medicines is scarce to be esteemed worth the glasse which contains it it being also the faintest and weakest part of the three for performing any good thing it self yet if you passe higher in Art then to a simple work and that you would make a true essential medicine in such a case it is worthy of equal respect with the rest namely either with the Salt or Sulphurous part of the medicine It is of some Artists tearmed a Phlegma a water or a dew as being the watrish part of a medicine it is so easie to to be exhausted from his fellowes that the very warmth of the Sunne will raise it yea warm aire without fire or other help in some simples is sufficient to drie their humidity though not alwayes wholly but A special observation note this that all the humiditie in medicines is not to be termed Mercurial or Mercury for any humiditie though it be not oyly yet if it be combustible it is termed Sulphurious to wit Aqua vitâ— as is said even so much thereof as will burn is held Sulphur Vini Thus much of Mercury in generall Of Mercury in particulâ—â— MErcury is a special name which wise Philosophers of ancient time have thought meet to grace Quick-silver withall the reason whereof in my opinion was for that Quicksilver is an unstable or Mercury taken for Quick-silver Quick-silver very medicinable uncertain Metalline substance fugitive and not well any way to be made fixe or faithful as trial will teach thee to know And yet of Quick-silver is made many several sorts of medicines each in their names and operations much differing according to their virtues several uses and effects which they perform Sublimed Mercury is called Mercury sublimate white Mercury Whereof it is made onely by the name of Mercury and by the vulgar speech some call it white Marcary and Markry This corrosive medicine is made of Quick-silver salt and the Colcother of Vitriol only by sublimation or distilling them together
with the Quick-silver which Quic-silver flieth up to the top of the helm or head of the Still together with the spirits of salt leaving the substance of the salt as also the Colcother in the The subtile quality of Quick-silver bottome of the glasse which is thereby said to be sublimed yet neverthelesse though it seem easily to be made let none attempt to make this medicine without good direction or experience for there is no small danger in the working thereof and yet it is a good medicine well used and hath much helped the Surgeon in the outward cures of desperate diseases as namely fistulaes and rebellious ulcers Of Precipitate How Precipitate is made PRecipitate is also Quick-silver distilled in Aqua fortis which by reason of the strong spirits contained in the violent and fierce vapors of the Aqua fortis or strong water it is coloured red or glistering or yellowish as experience sheweth the vapors proceeding from this kind of preparation are also dangerous and so are the medicines made therewith being often without due respect admiÌ„nistred yea â„¥ j. of Praecipitate one dosse often Pilâ— wise by Eâ—peâ—icks And again some others which would be esteemed more excellent for invention have this medicine a little removed And then they style it Turâ—â—th mineral attributing thereto the perfect cure of the Pox perswading themselves none can do like wonders to themselves but they are children in understanding and know iâ— not onely they are opinionated and The subtilty of Mercury bold and more often kill or spoil then heal as their consciences know for mercury is a fox and will be too crafty for fools yea and will oft leave them to their disgrace whâ—n they relying upon so uncertain a medicine promise health and in the stead of healing make their Patient worsethen before Of Sinabar Whereof Sinabrium is made and the use and abuse thereof SInabar which is used in fumes for the Pox is a deadly medicine made half of quick-silver and half of Brimstone by Art of fire I mean by distillation I know the abuse of these three recited medicines hath done unspeakable harm in the Common-wealth of England and daily doth more and more working the utter infamy and destruction of many an innocent man woman and child which I would my wits or diliÌ„gence knew to help for every horse-leech and bawd now upon each triâ—â—e will procure a Mercurial flux yea many a pitiful one whereby divers innocent people are dangerously deluded yea perpetually defamed and ruinated both of their good names goods healths and lives and that without remedy Me thinks I could spend much time if I had it even in setting down the good and bad things of quick-silver and yet I confess I am too weak to to describe the tenth part of his wonders In Laudem Mercurii OR IN PRAISE OF Quick-silver or Mercurie VVHereto shall I thy worth compare whose actions so admired are No medicine known is like to thee in strength in vertue and degree Thou to each Artist wise art found a secret rare ye safe and sound And valiantly thou plai'st thy part to cheerup many a doleful heart Yet makest thy patient seem like death with ugly 〈◊〉 with stinking breath But thou to health him soon restores although he have a thousand sores The perfect'st cure proceeds from thee for Pox for Gout for Leprosie For scabs for itch of any sort These cures with thee are but a sport Thou humors canst force to sublime and them throw down when thou seest time Yea from each end diseases flie when thou art prest thy force to try Sweat to provoke thou goest before and urine thou canst move good store To vomit for diversion best in purging down thou guid'st the rest Mans body dry thou canst humeckt performing it with respect And being too moyst thou mak'st it dry who can that secret cause descry Quid non men term thee wot's thou why thou canst be faithful yet wilt lye Thy temperament unequal strange is ever subject unto change For thou art moist all men may see and thou art dry in th' highest degree Thou' rt hot and cold even when thou please and at thy will giv'st pain in ease Yet thou hast faults for I dare say thou heal'st and kil'st men every day For which I will not thee excuse nor hold them wise that thee abuse But for my self I do protest as trusty friend within my brest Thy secrets rare most safe to hold esteeming them as finest gold And why thou art the Surgeons friend his work thou canst begin and end For tumours cure yea hot or cold thou art the best be it new or old For recent wounds who knoweth thee hath got a peerlesse mystery A Caustick thou art strong and sure what callous flesh can thee indure In maturation where 't is dew thou art the best I ever knew For repercussion thou win'st praise by dissolution thou giv'st ease What 's virulent thou do'st defie and sordid Ulcers dost descry Yea fistulaes profound and fell thou searchest out and curest well No ulcer can thy force indure for in digestion thou art sure Mundification comes from thee and incarnation thou hast free To sigillate thou do'st not fail and left strange symptoms should assail The grief late heal'd thou canst convay th' offending cause another way The Alchymist by Vulcan sought from volatile thee fixt t' have wrought But thou defiest his trumpery and changest him to beggery Had I but all thy healing Art it would so much advance my heart I should not doubt equal to be In wealth to Lords of high degree But from thy ve nemous vapours vile thy corrosive sting that bones defile Thy noysome savors full of pain God give me grace free to remain For when thou ragest Bird nor Tree nor fish nor fowl can withstand thee What mineral so stout can say she can withstand thy force one day In Saturns brest thou seem'st to dwell by Jupiter foyl thou dost excel Thou Lion-like surprisest Mars rich Sol thou mak'st as pale as ash Thou Venus beauty canst allay thou Hydrage dost Elipse Luna And though thou seem'st to wrong all six not one without thee can be fix Thou art their Mother so sayes Fame which gives them cause t' adore thy name Ready thou art as women be to help poor men in misery Humble to dust and ash at will water and oyl from thee men still Tost up and down in fire thou art yet subtil Mercurie plaies her part Meek as a Lamb manly cake soft as the Wool Tiger like Millions in one one in a Million Male and Female in thy pavillion Thou Hermaphrodite as Fathers know seeming solid truly not so Thou 'lt be in all none rests in thee thy boldnesse brings Calâ—mitie Thou Idoll of the Chymists old who shall thy secrets all unfold Swift is thy wing none can thee stay when thou seem'st dead thou' rt flown away If thou be in all things as men say daily
receiving of divers Mercurial medicines which being dead himself took out â„¥ ij of crude Mercury from within her scull And he also relateth of another who after a Mercurial unction taken vomited up Argentum vivum in drops at the mouth and dyed thereof and my self in Saint Bartholomews Hospital having been there a Chirurgion 23. years have observed very many to have most pitifully been abused that way by Empericks foolish women and by base Impostors who after in short time have dyed by bad Chymick medicines It is reported of Cardanus that in his time he would say he was confident that if he might have for every man woman and childe that precipitate had killed the value of one shilling he should be richer then any living man in the City where he lived And Andreas Libavius doth report of a certain Medicaster of his time which gave his Patient two pils of Mercury of the first he fell into an Apoplexy and of the second into a Lethargy and so dyed immediately He also speaketh of another who had the winde Collick unto whom a Barber gave three Mercurial pils who purged thereby continually until he dyed Also Aduâ—pius a Physitian of Strausburge reports of another Physitian dwelling in Strauburge in upper Germany not far distant from him who in one year was known to have killed 80. Patients which had been under his Cure by the use of Mercurial medicines Also of medicines of Antimony evil prepared and worse taken infinite many have ended their dayes untimely and here I cannot omit to deplore the unchristian audacious boldnesse of the wicked Imposters in these dayes who without any fear of God or compassion to mankinde do rashly rush upon the cure of any infirmity how incurable soever promising cure taking money in hand and thereby engaging themselves to the Patients to cure them but yet when with the best ordinary means they know they have not effected their desires I will judge charitably so far but then they boldly proceed further and put the Indian Rat to work which as aforesaid goeth smoothly down into the stomack but when it is in then it begins to shew what house it came of Now a word or two touching the true preparing of excellent medicines by this art wherein I admonish all men who have not convenience I mean a convenient house and room convenient for the work with learning Judgement Leisure wealth and other additaments fitting as also an able body and a spirit to go through therewith that he or they refrain from the preparing of mineral medicines as also from their vapors for avoyding thr burthening of his soul with the guiltinesse of bloud yea and perhaps of his own bloud by evil vapors proceeding from Minerals in their preparations but for the man that is fitly qualified let him in the name of God goe on the work is good unto which to encourage him I intend to shew the producing of Sal Sulphur Mercury from Animal vegetable and Mineral creatures by a most plain and true Art and that at easie rates The way to draw Sal Sulphur and Mercury from an Animal part â„ž Cranium hominis alicujus Justificate â„¥ xij more or lesse rasp it small put it into an Alembick of glasse well luted S. A. with a receiver joyned thereunto place it in Arena ut mos est distill it first lento igne and there will be found in the receiver a pure water for the first which by Artists is called the flegma or mercurial part thereof which when by a gentle distilling no more will be had change the receiver and increase the fire and a fatty Oyle which the Artists tearm the Sulphur thereof will appear and when by fire no more fatnesse will come over all things being first cold of themselves take out that which is in the bottome of the Still I mean the feces and calcine them and after inbibe and filtrate them and having cleansed the salt thereof evaporate the humiditie or flegm there from S. A. in Balnea and you shall find in fundo a perfect salt then rectifie the Mercurial and Sulphurous parts each per se and put all the three medicins so purified together you have ready a perfect good medicine for the Epilepsia and divers other infirmities and by this infallible rule you may make true and perfect medicines from any members or parts of an Animal creature either of the flesh the bloud or bones thereof But if you fail in your art and namely in the artificial proceeding in the aforesaid processe then blame not him that sheweth you a plain way but begin again and beware amongst the rest of that misery which commonly attends the poor Alchymist namely that his glasse breaks leâ—t you lose the first labour and be to begin anew The way to draw Sal Sulphur and Mercury from a Vegetable substance â„ž Lignum Guaicum made into grosse powder or small chips three pounds or thereabouts more or lesse put it into a retort of glasse likewise well Luted place it S. A. in a furnace in Arena then adde a fitting receiver of glasse likewise well Luted to it as aforesaid let it have a gentle fire for some eight or ten houres in which time an odoriferous clear flegma or water will come over being the most volatile part of that subject which by Artists is tearmed the Mercurial part thereof which being come off change the receiver and increase the fire and a fattie oyle will appear and come over being wholly combustible which is the Sulphurous part thereof all which being drawn of and the furnace and all being cold take out the feces and calcine them a little then put fair warm water thereto and extract the salt per filtrum the which salt water being purified filtrated and evaporated you shall have in fundâ— a perfect white salt and if you then please to rectifie the Mercuriall and the Sulphurous parts each per se and joine them all three together you have a true good medicine in the cure of Morbus Gallicus and divers other diseases An example to take Sal Sulphur and Mercury from a Minerall Body and namely from Salt it self which may perhaps seem strange though true R. Sal Communis sixe pound more or lesse the stronger the salt be the better put it into an earthen pot made to endure strong fire and let it have a narrow mouth and be in capacitie three quarts or more put in the salt and put a receiver S. A. thereto Lute them both together place that in a strong reverberating Furnace and put fire thereunder first gently untill all the Mercuriall volatile and subtile parts thereof be drawn over which done change the receiver and increase the fire gradatiâ—n to the fourth degree as the Artists tearm it but by order paulatim and you shall draw over a strong oyle fattie in feeling and forceible and fierce in operation which is able to dissolve and open the purest and most principle Minerall
the Orificium of the crucible or hanged over the fume Fusion is liquation by heat violent or moderate for the separation of the pure from the impure Gradation is an exaltation of Metals in the degree of affections where by waight colour and constancy they are brought to an excellent measure but the substance unaltered so Gold is rubified fixed and purified Granulation proper to Metals by infusion on fire and effusion into water is their comminution into granula or very small drops like Grana Paradisi Humectation see Irrigation Ignition is calcination the fire reducing violent bodies into Calx Illiquation is the commistion of terrene bodies with Metalline as of Lapis cadmia with cuprum but so as each retains his own substance Imbibition a Philosophical operation is ablution when liquor adjoyned to a body is elevated and not finding vent doth fall back upon the same and often washeth it with Humectations so long as it being coagulated can no more ascend but remaineth wholly fixt Imbution see Infusion and maceration Inceration is the mixture of humidity with that which is dry by a gentle and not hasty combibition to the consistence of mollified wax Incineration see Cinefaction Incorporation is a sudden addition of so much humidity to exiccate matters as is required in the true consistence of a mixt body past or a masse Infusion is the preparation of medicaments cut or bruised in some humidity convenient for the purpose a lesser or longer time whether it be an hour one day or many a week or a moneth c. Inhumation is the setting of two pots the head of the uppermost being very well covered and luted with his bottome boared full of little pin-holes and sure fastened to that which is underneath in the ground and burying them with earth to a certain depth having a circular fire made for distillatory transudation per descensum Insolation is the preparation of simple or compound things by the heat of Sun in the Summer or a gentle fire in the Winter or in Balneo or in fimo equino Irrigation not much unlike immersion is an aspersion of humidity upon things that are to be dissolved that so they may the more easily deliquate Levigation is the reduction of any hard and ponderous matter by comminution and diligent contusion into fine powder like Alcool Limation proper to Metals as Steel Iron Brasse Lead c. is a preparation with a file whereby they yeeld dust for divers uses Liquation is when as that which shall be made into one body is dissolved that it can flow abroad like waves Liquefaction is the dissolution of a Mineral body by the force of a very gentle fire Lotion is a preparation of medicaments by water or some other liquor to remove some evil and hurtful thing and to procure some good and profitable quality in them Lutation right worthy the name of Sapientia is a medicine thin or thick according to the heat and continuance of the fire which stoppeth most exactly the orificium of the vessel that no vapour passe out Maceration is preparation of things not unlike to Humectation in the manner of working but in time for some are infused three four or moe moneths and some a shorter space Maturation is exaltation of a substance rude and crude to that which is mature and perfect Mistion is such a composition of bodies as inceration incorporation colliquation and contusion do declare Mollition is the beginning of liquation yet some things are mollified as cornu cervi Corral Ivory Ungulae c. which cannot liquate Multiplication by projection is of a body amalgamated from 7. to 10. from 10. to 50. from 50. to 100. c. according to the force and quantity of the tincture Mundisication is the purgation of any matter by few or many operations from that which is sordid and vicious that onely the most excellent may be admitted to the work in hand Nutrition is the permistion of humidity by little and little for the alteration of the quality of the medicament Precipitation is when bodies corroded by Aqua fortis or Aqua Regia and dissolved into water Salt Armoniack or Mercury cast upon them either by the abstraction of the corroding vapour are reverberated into Calx they are made perfect medicines Probation is the examination of any matter whereby we discern what is excellent and perfect and what corrupt Projection is an exaltation chiefly in Metals by a medicine cast upon them which will suddenly penetrate and transfigurate them giving them another tincture Prolectation is extraction by attenuation of subtil parts so that by the inclination of their rarified nature they may be altred from the more grosse parts Purgation like to separation is the clarification of impure liquor having a thick sedement and spume by decoction Putrifaction is the resolution of a mixt body by a natural putritude in calido humido or fimo equino c. whereby it may be made more excellent Quartation is the separation of Gold and Silver mixt together by four unequal parts Quinta essentia is an absolute pure and well-digested medicine drawn from any substance either animal vegetable or mineral Rasion is the scraping or paring of a thing either for expurgation of that which is unprofitable or for easier pulverization Reduction common to many operations doth restore a thing changed to his former estate and condition Repurgation is whereby metals and other substances are purged from super fluities of another nature adhering to them Resolution the way to most excellent operations of Alchymie causing both elements and coelestial essences to separate from their elementary composition of things commixt is when they part one with another Restinction is a gradation whereby metals or the like candified by fire are restinguished in liquor of exaltation and thereby made more noble by how much a more excellent tincture and glosse is set upon them Reverberation is ignition reducing bodies the fire quick reverberating and reflecting into a very subtil Calk Section is the cutting of things great into lesser parts for the present occasion Segregation is the solution of that which was whole and perfect into parts divided which flow not together as colliquables dissolved Separation is whereby parts distracted are separated every one alike having his several being in himself Siccation is the drying up of excremental humidity in bodies before the fire Sun in the shade or the like convenient place Solution a principal part of Chymical practice whereby the incorporation of things coagulated is dissolved and attenuated Subduction is an abstraction of juyces oyles and other liquid matters downward by percolation filteration and the like Sublimation is when that which is extracted is driven to the sublime part of the vessel and there subsisteth or when as between that which is sublimed and the dead head an aëry space doth intercede Subtiliation is dissolution separating the subtil parts from the grosse Stratification or stratum superstratum well known to Chymists and used
preservative Medicines inwardly to be taken THe several Medicines in this Treatise to be taken into the body for preservatives are also Cordials being indeed such Cordials as have vertue to open the pores of the body and by sweating to give breathing to nature and thereby to defend mans body from Contagion being such also as heretofore have been prescribed to be taken by men of the best judgments in Physick for the defending curing and driving out the disease from the principal parts Sweating Medicâ—â—es the best by sweat for without all doubt no Medicine can be generally so safe for the first intention and entrance upon this cure of the plague as is a true Diaphoretick or sweat-provoking Cordial Medicine whether it be taken by way of a Preservative or as a curative Medicine as ancient Writers testifie Galen's Opinion of Diaphoretick Medicines And namely Galen the Prince of Physicians attributeth unto Antidotes the whole Cure of the disease of the Plague and by Antidotes he meaneth Medicines Cordial and Preservatives such as by opening the pores provoke sweat But as there is no general rule but may admit an exception even so this excellent course may not be alwayes safe and warrantable at the first in respect of the wonderful varieties this fearful disease produceth as well in the beginning as in the progresse thereof Sweating sometime to be â—â—itted For it may upon occasion as of fulnesse or of obstructions of the body so come to passe that evacuation general or particular must as in due course precede either by Blood-letting Vomit Purging Glister or Suppository or some one or more of these I say where just cause is they may as of necessity precede for which cause it will ever be safe to use expert advice if such may be had onely remember by the way what is said of purging Medicines and their danger if first taken in the Cure of the Plague Here following I mean to set down several sorts of the chief of the compound Cordial Medicines mentioned in this Treatise following or otherwise in frequent use which are inwardly to be taken into the body to prevent the coming of the disease or being received by sweating best for the expelling of the Venome so received into the body with the dose orquantity reasonable of each of them to be taken by way of preservative to pre vent the disease before it cometh as also what quantity may be fitly taken for the safe provoking of sweat when any one feeleth himself evil disposed and vehemently suspecteth himself to be fallen or entring into the disease by any of the symptomes or signes before expressed or otherwise The chief Cordials in general use are these that follow Cordials against the Plague THeriac Andromach or the true Venice Treacle and not inferiour to it is Mithridate Democrat both of which are now truly made in London Also London Treacle is a very good Antidote or preservative well approved and Electuar dâ— Ovo or the Electuary of the Egge is also a very sure good Cordial also Theriaâ— Diatessar by the ancient Writers called the poor mans Treacle by my self much experienced and approved to be good all these and every of them in their natures either mixed or given each perse or by it self are very good being Diaphoreticks or Medicines provoking sweat more or lesse and thereby opening obstructions and by evaporation expurging venom and refreshing nature and so by consequent curing the Plague Purgatives usefull Hereunto may also be well added some appropriate purgatives to be taken both as preservatives and as curatives where just occasion is namely Pilul Pestilentiales Râ—ffi Pil. Praeservan t Joh. Bahini one dram of any one of them for a purge is a just quantity for an able body and he or she may safely take it any time either at night or morning when there is just reason and for the dose or quantity by way of preservative to be taken at one time is one pill about the bignesse of a Pease or in weight about 12. or 14. grains or at the most 20. gr which is termed a scruple once in a day or once in two or three dayes either at evening or in the morning but I conceive it is best to bed-ward and he or she who taketh it ought to observe that if it make him or her have but one loose stool it is sufficient Much laxâ—ty unsafe For it is not safe for any person to keep his body loose alwayes in times of general infection or contagion for that that is recited elsewhere for where emptinesse is evil vapours have place of entrance Also as touching the first of the forenamed Cordials one dramme for a Dose and namely of Andremach Treacle or Venice Treacle and a like Dose of any the other three specâ—fied Preservatives to be taken by way of a Curative course but by way of a Preservative at any one time for a strong body 20 grains may suffice and may be taken without offence which is one scruple or a lesse quantity to a weaker body and to a strong body infected to provoke him to sweat Ê’ j. and se or Ê’ ij by a strong man of any of them either in Cordiall waters or Wine as is said may be safely received into the body Except of the Electuary of the Egge the Dose whereof is one Drach at the utmost And whereas divers Writers prescribe such Antidotes to be taken in distilled waters as of Carduus Angelica Dragon-water or the like which in time of contagion are not onely scarce but fraudulent and seldom or by few truly made But yet I' must say being truly How to administer preservatives made they do excell many other Liquors Yet for reasons aforesaid in their wants I hold it safe to administer Mithridate London Treacle or Diatessaroâ— or any such Medicine in good French Wine and sometimes in Spanish Wine if the disease begin cold or in posset-drink made with wine or without wine as reason shall guide And note that it would ever be fittest to give these Medicines or any of them in the most cordial Liquors that may be had but if the sick will as willingly take them in a Bolus I mean in a lump namely as it is of it self he may safely do it yet if the stomach of the sick will not so admit of it then it may not be amisse to give him a draught of warm posset drink made with Carduus Benedictus Burrage or Buglosse or Sorrel water and a little Sugar boyled therein or in want of those herbs a plain posset and three spoonfuls of Spanish wine added thereto where the Artist shall see it so necessary which may time enough be added when the Posset is taken from the fire if the Patient be taken cold as is said but if the Disease begin burning then let Sorrel or Violet leaves or Strawberry leaves or some other cordial roots Herbs or Flowers as is already rehearsed be put