which_o have_v a_o ferment_a virtue_n and_o leau'n_n a_o past_a expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o at_o that_o time_n say_v pliny_n and_o le_fw-fr chambre_fw-fr the_o nitre_n pit_n grow_v full_a of_o nitre_n and_o sand_n vanssebius_fw-la and_o several_a say_v that_o though_o 500_o in_o a_o day_n die_v at_o grand_fw-fr cairo_n of_o the_o plague_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nile_n yet_o the_o very_a day_n after_o there_o do_v not_o one_o die_v which_o doubtless_o can_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o air_n be_v impregnate_v with_o this_o volatile_a alkaly_n for_o at_o that_o time_n the_o nitre_n pit_n grow_v full_a and_o this_o dew_n fall_v this_o i_o think_v may_v sufficient_o hint_n to_o we_o the_o great_a use_n of_o its_o volatile_a spirit_n especial_o in_o pestilential_a distemper_n last_o about_o that_o time_n the_o nile_n begin_v to_o overflow_v those_o specimen_n which_o we_o have_v here_o grow_v 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part_n be_v exhale_v the_o reason_n why_o its_o volatile_a alkaly_n in_o evaporation_n do_v not_o fly_v quite_o away_o be_v because_o it_o be_v hold_v there_o by_o the_o sal_fw-la marine_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o use_n in_o physic_n by_o pliny_n it_o be_v commend_v in_o ulcer_n and_o inflammation_n palsy_n in_o the_o tongue_n consumption_n colic_n haemorhagy_n purulent_a ear_n and_o intermit_a fever_n by_o galen_n it_o be_v say_v desiccat_fw-la &_o digerit_fw-la multo_fw-la autem_fw-la majus_fw-la ejus_fw-la spuma_fw-la by_o agricola_n its_o prescribe_a in_o the_o same_o case_n commend_v as_o a_o cephalic_a of_o wonderful_a success_n in_o the_o gripe_a of_o the_o gut_n intermit_a fever_n and_o the_o leprosy_n mathiolus_n commend_v it_o in_o the_o same_o case_n by_o hypocrates_n it_o be_v commend_v when_o the_o menstrua_fw-la be_v obstruct_v and_o again_o say_v he_o purgat_fw-la humores_fw-la albos_fw-mi convenit_fw-la in_o abortionibus_fw-la ubi_fw-la pver_fw-la haud_fw-la exierit_fw-la he_o likewise_o commend_v it_o in_o some_o kind_n of_o barrenness_n and_o to_o this_o kircher_n in_o his_o mundus_fw-la subteraneus_fw-la allude_v when_o he_o say_v nili_n aqua_fw-la in_o potum_fw-la redit_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la saluberrimum_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o faecundandis_fw-la mulieribus_fw-la mite_n opportanum_fw-la and_o petrus_n giurius_fw-la give_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n out_o of_o caesius_n that_o when_o philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n marry_v his_o daughter_n berenice_n to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o the_o assyrian_n he_o command_v his_o daughter_n to_o drink_v of_o the_o water_n of_o nile_n that_o she_o may_v make_v her_o husband_n happy_a in_o a_o numerous_a offspring_n by_o the_o testimony_n therefore_o of_o hypocrates_n galen_n mathiolus_n diascorides_n pliny_n and_o agricola_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o physic_n but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o nitre_n be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o forementioned_a author_n that_o nitre_n which_o be_v a_o ingredient_n in_o gunpowder_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v among_o the_o modern_n we_o have_v this_o account_n of_o it_o mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr closs_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o most_o of_o the_o mineral-water_n in_o france_n be_v impregnate_v with_o this_o sort_n of_o nitre_n and_o that_o all_o their_o cure_n be_v do_v by_o it_o molenbrochius_n affirm_v a_o tincture_n of_o aphronitum_fw-la to_o be_v of_o wonderful_a efficacy_n in_o the_o stone_n this_o i_o the_o rather_o credit_v because_o it_o be_v say_v by_o junken_a in_o his_o medicus_n the_o nitre_n of_o nitria_n be_v of_o so_o pierce_v a_o spirit_n that_o it_o will_v not_o permit_v either_o stone_n or_o rock_n to_o be_v thereabouts_o and_o ten_o rind_n in_o his_o meditation_n de_fw-fr veteri_fw-la medicina_fw-la affirm_v it_o to_o be_v of_o wonderful_a success_n in_o the_o same_o distemper_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o use_n in_o agriculture_n and_o in_o treat_v of_o this_o i_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o premise_v one_o phaenomenon_n which_o it_o afford_v in_o evaporation_n when_o the_o salt_n have_v spread_v themselves_o over_o the_o water_n in_o a_o ice_n those_o thin_a plate_n after_o a_o while_n will_v break_v and_o ascend_v in_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o do_v say_v therefore_o that_o nitre_n may_v be_v say_v to_o fertilise_v the_o ground_n after_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v volatile_a particle_n be_v by_o some_o subterraneous_a fire_n or_o else_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o do_v quick_o ascend_v into_o the_o small_a tube_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o by_o their_o elastic_a nature_n carry_v along_o with_o they_o or_o force_v before_o they_o those_o particle_n which_o as_o they_o different_o convene_v constitute_v the_o different_a part_n of_o the_o plant._n but_o this_o conjecture_n will_v be_v make_v
be_v much_o great_a and_o consequent_o the_o pressure_n more_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v what_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o learned_a warden_n the_o rev_n d_o dr._n wroe_n who_o for_o several_a year_n have_v keep_v a_o exact_a diary_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n he_o always_o observe_v the_o quicksilver_n upon_o its_o ascend_n to_o alter_v its_o surface_n insomuch_o as_o in_o very_o dry_a wether_n to_o become_v perfect_o convex_a and_o upon_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n to_o a_o wet_a temper_n to_o alter_v to_o a_o plain_a surface_n and_o in_o extreme_a wet_a wether_n to_o a_o perfect_a concave_n the_o mercurial_a particle_n hang_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o this_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o beside_o the_o ascent_n make_v by_o the_o pressure_n there_o be_v another_o also_o make_v by_o the_o intestine_a fermentation_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o in_o this_o i_o be_o the_o far_o confirm_v since_o quicksilver_n in_o glass_n tube_v hermetical_o seal_v have_v be_v observe_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v which_o can_v not_o be_v be_v the_o ascent_n by_o pressure_n whole_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n contain_v in_o the_o cup._n another_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o the_o air_n be_v the_o expose_v open_o dry_v leave_n of_o tobacco_n which_o in_o the_o hot_a day_n do_v soon_o grow_v moist_a for_o which_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v assign_v but_o the_o exhalation_n in_o hot_a wether_n be_v far_o great_a and_o consequent_o the_o aqueous_a particle_n more_o numerous_o range_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n be_v then_o usual_o large_a and_o perhaps_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o bigness_n of_o hailstone_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v solve_v cheshire_n a_o county_n palatine_n and_o among_o other_o thing_n famous_a for_o its_o earl_n who_o have_v a_o palatine_a jurisdiction_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n hold_v of_o they_o as_o in_o chief_a and_o be_v under_o a_o sovereign_a allegiance_n and_o fealty_n to_o they_o as_o they_o to_z the_o king_n this_o county_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_a by_o part_n of_o the_o cornavii_n the_o air_n there_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o healthful_a and_o mild_a than_o in_o lancashire_n this_o county_n not_o so_o much_o abound_v with_o fen_n salt-marsh_n and_o mosses_n what_o be_v say_v more_o of_o the_o air_n in_o lancashire_n may_v serve_v as_o to_o this_o place_n and_o as_o to_o its_o far_a antiquity_n the_o follow_a account_n may_v be_v add_v according_a to_o sir_n thomas_n elliot_n the_o first_o name_n give_v to_o this_o city_n be_v neomagus_n so_o call_v from_o magus_n son_n of_o samothe_n son_n of_o japhet_n its_o founder_n see_v lambert_n pag._n 17_o the_o about_o 240_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n be_v this_o account_n true_a for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o most_o antique_a city_n in_o the_o universe_n its_o second_o name_n be_v caerleon_n see_v albion_n mareoticus_n so_o nominate_v from_o leon_n vaur_n or_o gaver_n who_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o be_v a_o giant_n in_o albion_n and_o one_o of_o its_o restorer_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o conjecture_n i_o suppose_v may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o follow_a history_n i._n e._n upon_o a_o giant_n be_v skull_n be_v dug_n up_o in_o pepper-street_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bone_n upon_o the_o britain_n come_v over_o and_o settle_v there_o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v caerleil_n and_o afterward_o caerleir_n because_o these_o two_o british_a king_n be_v enlarger_n and_o beautifier_n of_o it_o according_a to_o jackson_n stow_n and_o other_o before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_n here_o it_o be_v probable_a this_o city_n be_v call_v genuina_fw-la or_o gunia_n as_o will_n more_o full_o appear_v from_o the_o inscription_n of_o a_o votive_a altar_n dig_v up_o in_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n tanar_n that_o be_v in_o the_o welsh_a language_n the_o thunderer_n which_o language_n it_o be_v likely_a the_o roman_n may_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o inscription_n to_o demonstrate_v their_o conquest_n over_o the_o britain_n after_o the_o roman_n have_v fix_v here_o their_o conquer_a legion_n style_v valens_n &_o victrix_n it_o be_v then_o style_v caerlheon_n caerlegion_n or_o as_o it_o be_v otherwise_o common_o call_v ardourdwy_n and_o caer_n by_o way_n of_o excellence_n as_o mr._n cambden_n observe_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o caerleon_n or_o caerusk_n in_o south_n wales_n the_o latin_a historian_n style_v it_o cestria_n that_o be_v a_o castris_fw-la which_o the_o roman_n have_v fix_v there_o and_o leincestria_n that_o be_v the_o city_n of_o the_o legion_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v style_v as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o roman_a tile_n dig_v up_o there_o deunana_n deva_n and_o devana_n civitas_n and_o these_o name_n i_o presume_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o it_o from_o its_o proximity_n to_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi in_o late_a age_n it_o be_v style_v legan-chester_n lege-cestre_a but_o in_o these_o day_n west-chester_n or_o chester_n as_o the_o greek_n express_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o denote_v its_o preference_n to_o dorchester_n or_o rochester_n by_o ptolemy_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v oxcellum_fw-la uxcellum_fw-la plegimundham_n and_o leogria_n or_o locrine_n land_n of_o which_o the_o three_o first_o denote_v no_o more_o as_o hollingshed_n observe_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o chronicle_n of_o england_n than_o a_o rock_n a_o island_n or_o place_n of_o strong_a defence_n by_o which_o we_o may_v easy_o observe_v that_o this_o be_v the_o boundary_a of_o king_n locrinus_n kingdom_n westward_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o ordovices_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o roman_n as_o most_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n do_v affirm_v those_o people_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o north_n wales_n the_o greatness_n of_o this_o ancient_a city_n be_v still_o the_o more_o conspicuous_a from_o those_o stately_a remain_n of_o its_o ruin_n i_o mean_v the_o subterraneous_a vault_n in_o cellar_n through_o freestone_n rock_n the_o entrance_n into_o they_o be_v range_v into_o several_a angle_n and_o by_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v from_o the_o description_n of_o the_o catacomb_n in_o italy_n we_o may_v reasonable_o conclude_v these_o to_o have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n this_o instance_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o roman_a power_n at_o chester_n and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a since_o by_o their_o conquer_a legion_n there_o they_o have_v block_v up_o the_o britain_n in_o wales_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o only_o to_o keep_v incorporate_v while_o live_v but_o likewise_o to_o preserve_v even_o their_o very_a ash_n together_o in_o these_o passage_n have_v be_v find_v several_a roman_a coin_n as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v which_o more_o full_o illustrate_v these_o vault_n to_o have_v be_v heathen_a and_o not_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o monk_n which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o various_a monastery_n this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o cellar_n in_o bridge-street_n belong_v to_o mr._n john_n minshull_n derbyshire_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_a by_o the_o coritani_n who_o these_o be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o cornavii_n be_v uncertain_a the_o air_n in_o the_o peak_n of_o that_o country_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o rains_n and_o wind_n than_o in_o lancashire_n and_o cheshire_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unpleasant_a to_o see_v the_o cloud_n ride_v after_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o by_o dash_v upon_o they_o be_v frequent_o force_v down_o in_o shower_n and_o by_o the_o sudden_a rarefaction_n of_o the_o meteor_n in_o the_o air_n pen_v up_o betwixt_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o cloud_n and_o get_v vent_n in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o hill_n i_o think_v may_v fair_o illustrate_v why_o wind_n be_v in_o those_o part_n so_o frequent_a but_o this_o will_v be_v more_o easy_o conceive_v if_o we_o consider_v those_o artificial_a wind_n which_o be_v make_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n which_o instrument_n it_o be_v give_v i_o the_o first_o hint_n of_o dulcify_a salt-water_n which_o experiment_n i_o show_v to_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n some_o year_n before_o mr._n fitz-gerald_n have_v a_o patent_n for_o do_v it_o who_o communicate_v this_o experiment_n to_o he_o i_o know_v not_o but_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o be_v not_o his_o own_o have_v now_o give_v account_n of_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o next_o element_n and_o that_o be_v water_n but_o before_o i_o enter_v upon_o that_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o add_v two_o remarkable_a observation_n the_o first_o be_v to_o illustrate_v the_o elasticity_n of_o
shoot_v into_o any_o regular_a crystal_n have_v a_o smell_n much_o like_o that_o of_o natural_a balsam_n which_o to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o scarlet_a sulphur_n that_o precipitate_v in_o the_o water_n by_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n this_o water_n have_v a_o vitriolate_a taste_n and_o with_o gall_n yield_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o agate_n colour_n have_v be_v experiment_a in_o scorbutic_a case_n and_o answer_v the_o desire_a end_n the_o hanbridge_n water_n a_o small_a spring_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o burnley_n and_o townley_n yield_v a_o natron_n or_o natural_a alcali_n as_o those_o bourbon_n water_n in_o france_n cite_v by_o monsieur_n du-closs_n and_o another_o alcalious_a salt_n which_o like_o a_o terebinthinate_a or_o resinous_n body_n will_v melt_v with_o a_o small_a degree_n of_o heat_n it_o be_v plain_a the_o reason_n why_o this_o salt_n melt_v by_o heat_n be_v only_o from_o a_o volatile_a bitumen_n unite_v with_o it_o for_o the_o salt_n be_v long_o keep_v in_o a_o 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those_o part_n will_v do_v nor_o any_o in_o france_n as_o the_o french_a virtuoso_n have_v observe_v and_o indeed_o only_a those_o at_o spada_n in_o germany_n and_o if_o so_o it_o may_v be_v high_o worth_a our_o time_n by_o frequent_a and_o strict_a trial_n both_o in_o case_n in_o physic_n and_o experiment_n in_o chemistry_n to_o find_v out_o the_o principle_n and_o use_v of_o it_o which_o may_v perhaps_o save_v we_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o tedious_a fatigue_n to_o spada_n at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o see_v there_o a_o salt_n prepare_v from_o a_o water_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o have_v exact_o the_o smell_n of_o hipposelinum_n or_o horse-parsley_n a_o phaenomenon_n never_o yet_o observe_v in_o any_o salt_n before_o this_o smell_n proceed_v from_o a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o bituminous_a saline_a and_o terrene_a particle_n for_o what_o remain_v after_o evaporation_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n and_o contain_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o terrene_a matter_n but_o the_o salt_n when_o separate_v be_v perfect_a concoct_v vitriol_n dr._n lister_n may_v here_o again_o be_v satisfy_v of_o his_o error_n for_o not_o only_o the_o water_n in_o lancashire_n but_o those_o likewise_o in_o yorkshire_n contain_v perfect_a concoct_v vitriol_n nay_o in_o the_o same_o coal-mine_n near_o burnley_n there_o be_v spring_n of_o perfect_a vitriol_n and_o under_o these_o other_o that_o contain_v natron_n or_o egyptian_a nitre_n as_o the_o abovementioned_a ingenious_a gentleman_n full_o demonstrate_v to_o i_o when_o i_o be_v last_o there_o another_o salt_n the_o say_a richard_n townley_n of_o townley_n esq_n show_v i_o which_o be_v perfect_a salt-petre_a prepare_v from_o a_o very_a rapid_a spring_n a_o gallon_n of_o which_o contain_v half_o a_o ounce_n of_o this_o salt_n which_o upon_o chrystallization_n shoot_v like_o salt-petre_a from_o india_n into_o long_a striae_fw-la and_o fulminate_v with_o sulphur_n this_o salt_n he_o have_v from_o a_o gentleman_n that_o discover_v the_o spring_n but_o at_o present_a conceal_v the_o place_n so_o that_o what_o myself_o and_o other_o have_v allege_v in_o affirm_v no_o water_n in_o england_n to_o contain_v salt-petre_a be_v erroneous_a let_v other_o retract_v when_o they_o think_v convenient_a for_o my_o part_n i_o fair_o own_o my_o error_n and_o from_o repeat_v observation_n can_v positive_o affirm_v there_o be_v no_o marine_a salt_n but_o what_o contain_v more_o or_o less_o of_o indian_a nitre_n but_o the_o proportion_n be_v so_o small_a and_o the_o method_n of_o prepare_v it_o so_o tedious_a it_o will_v not_o be_v of_o any_o far_a use_n than_o to_o satisfy_v the_o curious_a enquirer_n but_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v accrue_v from_o the_o before_o recite_v spring_n may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a treasure_n as_o well_o as_o secret_n in_o nature_n the_o next_o mineral-water_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v those_o spring_v out_o of_o bass_n and_o sulphureous_a only_o of_o these_o the_o most_o note_a be_v one_o near_o a_o place_n call_v inglewhite_n this_o spring_n out_o of_o a_o black_a bass_n which_o by_o calcination_n i_o find_v to_o contain_v sulphur_n the_o water_n have_v a_o very_a sulphureous_a smell_n as_o strong_a as_o that_o near_a harrigate_n in_o yorkshire_n but_o contain_v little_a or_o no_o salt_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n it_o be_v not_o purgative_n like_o that_o but_o by_o add_v the_o like_a proportion_n of_o common_a salt_n to_o it_o viz._n about_o a_o dram_n to_o a_o pint_n of_o water_n that_o inconvenience_n be_v remedy_v and_o then_o you_o have_v either_o sulphureous_a bath_n or_o purge_v water_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o add_v the_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a have_v now_o examine_v all_o the_o various_a water_n spring_v out_o of_o bass_n we_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o give_v account_n of_o saline_a sulphureous_a water_n arise_v out_o of_o other_o mineral_n and_o i_o shall_v 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to_o be_v call_v the_o burning-well_a it_o be_v observable_a though_o this_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la continual_o mix_v with_o water_n yet_o the_o water_n continue_v cold_a nor_o will_v it_o thing_fw-mi silver_n wherefore_o i_o imagine_v this_o halitus_fw-la be_v pure_o sulphureous_a consist_v only_o of_o oily_a inflammable_a particle_n without_o any_o mixture_n of_o vitriol_n or_o if_o any_o but_o inconsiderable_a and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o suppose_v this_o kind_n of_o sulphur_n to_o impregnate_n the_o bath_n at_o buxton_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o these_o and_o the_o sulphur_n wells_n at_o maudsley_n and_o those_o at_o harrigate_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o be_v all_o sulphureous_a and_o yet_o all_o cold_a water_n that_o it_o be_v only_o by_o accident_n that_o sulphur_n water_n become_v hot_a viz._n by_o collision_n of_o the_o sulphureous_a particle_n when_o in_o the_o spiracle_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o have_v not_o a_o free_a open_a passage_n they_o beat_v and_o dash_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o by_o that_o collision_n grow_v hot_a as_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o rub_n of_o the_o phosphorus_n which_o immediate_o take_v fire_n likewise_o in_o new_a hay_n and_o in_o wheel_n take_v fire_n by_o motion_n only_o for_o to_o imagine_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o bath_n to_o proceed_v from_o fermentation_n in_o the_o water_n or_o from_o subterraneous_a fire_n be_v no_o wise_a consistent_a with_o experience_n which_o after_o all_o our_o hypothesis_n must_v be_v the_o true_a touchstone_n of_o our_o reason_n the_o forego_v instance_n may_v convince_v the_o world_n that_o sulphureous_a particle_n grow_v hot_a without_o ignition_n and_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o all_o hot_a bath_n be_v abundant_o demonstrate_v but_o for_o a_o far_a illustration_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n take_v this_o follow_a experiment_n let_v some_o brimstone_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n in_o a_o glass_n body_n immediate_o upon_o its_o take_a flame_n stop_v
philosophy_n the_o second_o chief_o physic_n and_o the_o three_o the_o british_a phoenician_n armenian_n greek_a and_o roman_a antiquity_n of_o these_o county_n as_o for_o the_o first_o there_o be_v a_o account_n give_v therein_o of_o the_o various_a temperature_n of_o the_o air_n in_o those_o part_n with_o the_o different_a effect_n it_o have_v upon_o humane_a constitution_n and_o other_o animal_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v likewise_o full_o examine_v and_o it_o be_v make_v high_o probable_a from_o various_a experiment_n that_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o glass-tubes_a be_v not_o make_v by_o a_o external_n pressure_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n contain_v in_o the_o cup_n but_o by_o the_o various_a elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o rise_n of_o rivers_n meeres_n lakes_n pond_n and_o spring_n with_o the_o origin_n of_o they_o be_v here_o account_v for_o the_o principle_n of_o mineral_n water_n from_o divers_a experiment_n demonstrate_v a_o full_a account_n of_o hot_a and_o cold_a bath_n and_o in_o those_o water_n the_o different_a cause_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a assign_v with_o their_o various_a effect_n upon_o humane_a body_n likewise_o there_o be_v a_o enquiry_n make_v into_o the_o different_a sort_n of_o earth_n and_o coal_n here_o meet_v with_o with_o the_o method_n of_o improve_n they_o and_o the_o several_a manufacture_n that_o be_v or_o may_v be_v make_v from_o they_o the_o mosses_n or_o morass_n in_o respect_n to_o their_o nature_n and_o vegetation_n from_o the_o plant_n that_o grow_v upon_o they_o be_v examine_v with_o the_o different_a tree_n find_v in_o they_o and_o divers_a other_o phaenomena_n '_o s_o a_o universal_a deluge_n be_v full_o demonstrate_v from_o several_a topic_n but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o total_a dissolution_n of_o the_o whole_a strata_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o that_o time_n be_v prove_v impossible_a both_o from_o scripture_n and_o observation_n in_o nature_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a dr._n woodward_n '_o s_o hypothesis_n be_v erroneous_a as_o be_v likewise_o that_o of_o the_o theorist_n i_o have_v far_o consider_v the_o different_a mineral_n and_o metal_n make_v various_a experiment_n upon_o they_o and_o have_v not_o pass_v over_o the_o method_n of_o discover_v a_o essay_v they_o the_o mineral_n damp_n be_v also_o examine_v with_o a_o full_a account_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o effect_n so_o be_v the_o diamond_n cast_v up_o by_o the_o mole_n and_o the_o vegetation_n of_o sea-plant_n brief_o but_o full_o illustrate_v there_o be_v a_o concise_a account_n give_v of_o the_o physical-plant_n with_o a_o rationale_n of_o their_o effect_n and_o taste_n and_o the_o poisonous_a plant_n range_v in_o their_o different_a class_n with_o a_o account_n of_o their_o cause_n the_o generation_n of_o fish_n with_o the_o different_a kind_n of_o they_o the_o formation_n of_o shell_n and_o the_o vegetation_n of_o pearl_n be_v inquire_v into_o and_o 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and_o other_o note_a act_n of_o charity_n the_o three_o and_o last_o book_n relate_v to_o antiquity_n wherein_o you_o will_v find_v divers_a heathen_a altar_n sacrificing-vessel_n coin_n fibulae_fw-la lamp_n urn_n tile_n fortification_n signet_n pagod_n etc._n etc._n find_v in_o these_o county_n describe_v and_o explain_v likewise_o its_o next_o to_o a_o demonstration_n from_o the_o armenian_a british_a and_o phoenician_n language_n compare_v together_o and_o examine_v their_o deity_n the_o asiatic_a manner_n of_o fight_v the_o eastern_a and_o british_a way_n of_o compute_v time_n the_o reverse_n of_o a_o coin_n and_o divers_a other_o thing_n that_o not_o only_o show_v these_o county_n but_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v chief_o and_o primary_o inhabit_v by_o colony_n from_o asia_n long_o before_o either_o the_o greek_n or_o roman_n come_v hither_o as_o for_o the_o cut_v of_o the_o coin_n and_o other_o curiosity_n contain_v herein_o which_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v numerous_a i_o have_v not_o decline_v the_o charge_n of_o have_v they_o draw_v and_o engrave_v by_o the_o best_a artist_n i_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v so_o to_o the_o judicious_a eye_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o be_v repute_v guilty_a of_o tautology_n and_o impertinence_n because_o i_o have_v recapitulate_v some_o thing_n now_o and_o then_o for_o the_o further_a illustration_n of_o other_o matter_n and_o for_o the_o language_n i_o have_v only_o this_o to_o say_v that_o i_o have_v endeavour_n d_o to_o adapt_v my_o expression_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o my_o subject_n and_o that_o in_o write_v of_o philosophy_n physic_n and_o antiquity_n the_o embellishment_n of_o classic_a eloquence_n be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v expect_v since_o those_o must_v be_v express_v in_o term_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o to_o do_v otherwise_o be_v to_o grasp_v at_o a_o cloud_n instead_o of_o juno_n and_o instead_o of_o recite_v the_o fact_n only_o express_v 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hang_v in_o aequilibrio_fw-la as_o the_o learned_a mr._n hobbs_n other_o that_o a_o large_a receptacle_n fill_v with_o water_n by_o subterraneous_a wind_n from_o the_o opposite_a part_n be_v blow_v over_o as_o legrand_n and_o other_o of_o the_o french_a virtuoso_n though_o mr._n hobbs_n hypothesis_n seem_v to_o carry_v the_o great_a stress_n of_o reason_n along_o with_o it_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o effect_n water_n have_v upon_o stone_n upon_o which_o it_o continual_o fall_v or_o run_v over_o in_o diminish_v its_o superficies_n or_o overturning_a those_o of_o a_o prodigious_a bigness_n upon_o flood_n or_o other_o eruption_n it_o will_v be_v as_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o a_o stone_n shall_v be_v so_o exact_o poise_v in_o a_o aqueduct_v so_o long_a a_o space_n of_o time_n as_o this_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v so_o as_o to_o occasion_v a_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o water_n as_o be_v observable_a in_o these_o fountain_n wherefore_o i_o 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to_o bathe_v or_o drink_v and_o no_o doubt_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o rock_n salt_n may_v be_v make_v a_o advantageous_a salt-work_n have_v coal_n so_o convenient_a the_o salt_n at_o the_o first_o boil_v be_v brown_a and_o foetid_v but_o dissolve_v and_o evaporate_v again_o make_v as_o good_a a_o salt_n as_o any_o i_o have_v see_v it_o spring_v out_o of_o bass_n and_o have_v i_o presume_v from_o that_o its_o sulphureous_a and_o saline_a particle_n the_o various_a kind_n of_o bass_n i_o shall_v discourse_v of_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n and_o there_o show_v how_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o different_a principle_n there_o be_v other_o spring_n that_o arise_v out_o of_o bass_n and_o be_v sulphureous_a and_o saline_a yet_o different_a from_o the_o former_a as_o st._n anne_n and_o the_o hot_a bath_n at_o buxton_n in_o derbyshire_n here_o the_o water_n be_v sulphureous_a and_o saline_a yet_o not_o foetid_v but_o very_o palatable_a because_o in_o these_o water_n the_o sulphur_n 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urine_n arise_v from_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o urinary_a vessel_n of_o which_o i_o see_v a_o most_o note_a instance_n in_o leverpool_n this_o bath_n be_v of_o a_o temperate_a heat_n and_o without_o question_n by_o reverberate_v the_o halitus_fw-la may_v be_v bring_v to_o any_o degree_n of_o heat_n but_o i_o think_v in_o its_o own_o natural_a heat_n it_o may_v in_o general_n be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o those_o part_n and_o where_o the_o hot_a bath_n can_v be_v safe_o use_v this_o may_n this_o last_o summer_n i_o see_v remarkable_a instance_n of_o its_o effect_n in_o scorbutic_a rheumatism_n in_o person_n that_o can_v not_o go_v before_o without_o the_o help_n of_o crutch_n who_o come_v from_o thence_o to_o manchester_n on_o foot_n without_o they_o distant_a from_o buxton_n full_a sixteen_o northern_a mile_n but_o the_o virtue_n as_o well_o as_o use_v of_o bathe_v be_v so_o particular_o describe_v by_o my_o honour_a friend_n sir_n john_n floyer_n of_o lichfield_n that_o for_o your_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o his_o elaborate_a piece_n and_o shall_v only_o abridge_v those_o case_n he_o recite_v these_o hot_a bath_n spring_v out_o of_o a_o bass_n not_o unlike_a marble_n and_o it_o be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v in_o what_o bubble_n the_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la break_v out_o of_o its_o matrix_fw-la and_o impregnate_v the_o water_n after_o our_o worthy_a author_n have_v give_v we_o a_o most_o exact_a account_n of_o perspiration_n from_o his_o own_o and_z sanctorius_n observation_n in_o right_o consider_v which_o consist_v the_o basis_n and_o usefulness_n of_o all_o bathe_a in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o enumerate_v the_o mischief_n of_o the_o hot_a bath_n in_o his_o 2_o d_o part_n p._n 2._o i_o observe_v say_v he_o that_o many_o person_n come_v to_o the_o hot_a bath_n at_o bath_n without_o any_o good_a advice_n or_o they_o who_o come_v with_o it_o use_v it_o indiscreet_o and_o imprudent_o manage_v their_o bathe_v by_o use_v it_o without_o any_o due_a evacuation_n or_o continue_v it_o too_o long_o that_o they_o go_v from_o thence_o worse_o than_o they_o come_v some_o have_v inflame_v their_o blood_n and_o thicken_v its_o serum_n so_o as_o to_o renew_v their_o rheumatic_a pain_n other_o die_v of_o fever_n consumption_n convulsion_n bleed_v and_o imposthume_n instance_n of_o these_o i_o have_v see_v in_o several_a in_o these_o part_n but_o this_o point_n dr._n pierce_n be_v please_v to_o touch_v as_o tender_o as_o a_o hypothesis_n about_o the_o water_n of_o which_o he_o seem_v afraid_a but_o will_v have_v we_o rest_v satisfy_v without_o ask_v question_n and_o bring_v the_o ingenuity_n of_o the_o most_o polite_a part_n to_o a_o equal_a level_n with_o the_o most_o unthinking_a animal_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v not_o fear_v to_o deliver_v my_o sentiment_n since_o i_o have_v no_o other_o end_n in_o it_o than_o to_o inform_v the_o world_n in_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o observe_v in_o nature_n and_o if_o these_o be_v expose_v one_o self_n to_o be_v throw_v at_o like_o a_o shrovetide_n cock_n as_o he_o observe_v if_o i_o escape_v the_o terrible_a blow_n of_o be_v neck_v and_o survive_v the_o combat_n the_o comb_n shall_v be_v at_o his_o service_n these_o instance_n as_o he_o proceed_v may_v convince_v all_o consider_a person_n that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o use_v hot_a bath_n for_o pleasure_n especial_o where_o there_o be_v a_o fullness_n of_o humour_n and_o a_o hot_a constitution_n and_o since_o the_o follow_a accident_n frequent_o happen_v upon_o bathe_v they_o will_v certain_o overbalance_n all_o the_o pleasure_n of_o it_o the_o inconvenience_n he_o reckon_v be_v profuse_a sweat_v and_o haemorrhage_n apoplexy_n sleepiness_n vertigo_n convulsion_n asthma_n debility_n of_o the_o sight_n swoon_a a_o general_a lassitude_n and_o dejection_n of_o the_o appetite_n torpor_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o effeminacy_n of_o the_o flesh_n pag._n 4._o my_o journey_n to_o buxton_n this_o last_o year_n discover_v to_o i_o a_o bath_n very_o different_a to_o that_o at_o bath_n it_o be_v a_o very_a temperate_a one_o produce_v no_o sweat_v after_o it_o but_o rather_o a_o coldness_n and_o upon_o a_o due_a consideration_n i_o find_v the_o bath_n very_o useful_a in_o many_o case_n in_o which_o that_o of_o bath_n do_v injury_n as_o in_o comsumption_n hot_a scorbutic_a pain_n and_o all_o defluxion_n of_o humour_n and_o bleeding_n and_o all_o hot_a inordinate_a flatulency_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n in_o hysteric_a and_o hypochondriac_a case_n the_o far_a particular_n may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o his_o three_o chapter_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o as_o likewise_o to_o his_o extract_n out_o of_o dr._n jones_n and_o the_o observation_n annex_v to_o his_o ingenious_a treatise_n before_o i_o close_o the_o discourse_n of_o this_o bath_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v why_o the_o sulphur_n in_o one_o bath_n tinge_v silver_n a_o copper_n colour_n as_o that_o at_o knarseborough_n and_o maudsley_n why_o other_o of_o a_o golden_a or_o yellowish_a colour_n as_o those_o in_o somersetshire_n and_o why_o other_o impregnate_v with_o sulphur_n thing_fw-mi not_o at_o all_o to_o these_o i_o answer_v where_o sulphur_n tinge_v a_o copper_n colour_n it_o be_v from_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o vitriolic_a salt_n as_o be_v common_a to_o observe_v from_o the_o solution_n of_o sulphur_n and_o vitriol_n but_o where_o a_o golden_a colour_n ensue_v it_o be_v from_o a_o great_a proportion_n of_o mineral_n sulphur_n and_o but_o little_a of_o vitriol_n as_o in_o the_o sulphur_n auratum_fw-la of_o antimony_n and_o the_o golden_a pyrite_n but_o where_o they_o thing_fw-mi not_o at_o all_o it_o be_v from_o sulphur_n only_o as_o that_o at_o buxton_n which_o seem_v to_o arise_v out_o of_o a_o bassy_n marble_n the_o water_n we_o shall_v next_o consider_v be_v the_o acidulae_n or_o those_o common_o call_v chalybeat_n with_o which_o these_o county_n abound_v the_o most_o note_n be_v those_o near_a lantham_n wigan_n stockport_n burnley_n bolton_n plumpton_n middleton_n strangeway_n near_o manchester_n lancaster_n larbrick_n chorley_n and_o of_o these_o stockport_n be_v much_o the_o strong_a these_o water_n spring_v out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o great_a rock_n in_o strength_n be_v much_o the_o same_o in_o winter_n as_o summer_n which_o be_v a_o conveniency_n very_o few_o in_o england_n beside_o they_o have_v these_o water_n give_v as_o deep_a a_o tincture_n with_o gall_n as_o any_o i_o ever_o see_v and_o where_o chalybeat_n be_v indicate_v exceed_v those_o of_o knarseborough_n and_o tunbridge_n they_o will_v in_o twentyfour_o hour_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n become_v insipid_a and_o then_o yield_v no_o tincture_n these_o water_n lie_v very_a light_n not_o heavy_a upon_o the_o stomach_n which_o be_v a_o convenience_n the_o drinker_n of_o knarseborough_n and_o tunbridge_n have_v not_o these_o water_n be_v impregnate_v
with_o sulphur_n vitriol_n and_o ochre_n a_o little_a of_o the_o lapis_fw-la scissilis_fw-la and_o a_o marine_a salt_n unite_v with_o the_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n as_o in_o the_o chalybeat_a water_n at_o latham_n but_o these_o two_o last_o it_o yield_v in_o small_a quantity_n a_o gallon_n of_o water_n not_o afford_v many_o grain_n of_o salt_n but_o ochre_n and_o vitriol_n they_o contain_v plentiful_o the_o ochre_n be_v impregnate_v with_o iron_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n and_o no_o other_o may_v these_o water_n be_v call_v chalybeat_n the_o sulphur_n be_v only_o discernible_a early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o that_o chief_o by_o their_o smell_n though_o there_o be_v a_o chalybeat_a near_o manchester_n who_o smell_n be_v very_o sulphureous_a at_o all_o time_n these_o water_n most_o common_o spring_v out_o of_o a_o bass_n that_o be_v impregnate_v with_o sulphur_n ochre_n and_o vitriol_n which_o i_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o hon_n d_o sir_n john_n floyer_n at_o buxton_n i_o show_v he_o the_o shalt_v or_o bass_n and_o by_o infuse_v various_a proportion_n of_o it_o in_o common_a water_n you_o may_v have_v all_o the_o various_a colour_n of_o the_o acidulae_n viz._n a_o pale_a red_a a_o deep_a red_a a_o violet_n and_o a_o purple_a as_o therefore_o the_o acidulae_n be_v different_o impregnate_v with_o this_o bass_n their_o colour_n be_v likewise_o different_a at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o show_v he_o a_o acidula_fw-la spring_v out_o of_o this_o bass_n and_o likewise_o that_o the_o bass_n be_v impregnate_v with_o sulphur_n vitriol_n and_o ochre_n though_o dr._n lister_n vehement_o affirm_v no_o stone_n but_o the_o pyrite_n contain_v vitriol_n but_o when_o a_o man_n write_v only_o what_o he_o fancy_n and_o not_o what_o he_o see_v it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o he_o must_v assert_v many_o paradox_n and_o by_o too_o tenacious_o adhere_v to_o a_o well_o weave_v hypothesis_n in_o effect_n make_v himself_o one_o of_o the_o mean_a of_o philosopher_n it_o be_v not_o the_o mechanism_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o espouse_v of_o a_o word_n which_o sound_v pleasant_o that_o illustrate_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n but_o that_o which_o be_v plain_a easy_a and_o intelligible_a and_o what_o may_v rational_o from_o experiment_n be_v deduce_v that_o give_v a_o man_n a_o true_a gust_n in_o natural_a learning_n the_o dr._n then_o may_v rail_v as_o long_o as_o he_o please_v but_o he_o can_v never_o make_v i_o disbelieve_v my_o sense_n or_o assent_v to_o that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o common_a reason_n of_o mankind_n of_o these_o i_o have_v give_v a_o full_a account_n in_o my_o tentamen_fw-la of_o mineral_n water_n and_o my_o exercitation_n to_o those_o therefore_o i_o refer_v my_o reader_n i_o shall_v only_o presume_v so_o far_o upon_o the_o reader_n be_v patience_n to_o annex_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o shall_v not_o expatiate_v further_o on_o this_o subject_a the_o first_o be_v to_o show_v why_o gall_n oak-leaves_a etc._n etc._n will_v give_v a_o tincture_n with_o those_o water_n vulgar_o chalybeat_v and_o why_o other_o acid_n will_v not_o the_o second_o be_v to_o illustrate_v how_o by_o mix_v acid_n with_o those_o water_n before_o you_o put_v the_o gall_n to_o they_o that_o then_o the_o gall_n etc._n etc._n will_v not_o to_o clear_v these_o phaenomena_n we_o must_v premise_v these_o hypothesis_n viz._n that_o several_a of_o the_o mineral_n particle_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o fluid_fw-la perhaps_o as_o near_o to_o a_o equilibrium_n or_o balance_n as_o can_v easy_o be_v conceive_v so_o that_o the_o least_o addition_n of_o another_o body_n to_o they_o must_v instant_o cause_v a_o precipitation_n and_o consequent_o then_o give_v a_o tincture_n to_o these_o water_n by_o implete_n their_o pore_n and_o so_o in_o different_a angle_n transmit_v the_o light_n which_o must_v needs_o introduce_v a_o diversity_n of_o colour_n viz._n a_o pale_a red_a agat_n violet_n purple_a or_o intense_a red_a according_a to_o the_o various_a proportion_n of_o the_o mineral_n impregnate_v the_o water_n hence_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o gall_n contain_v a_o volatile_a acid_n or_o rather_o austere_a that_o by_o their_o hook_a particle_n they_o easy_o clasp_v themselves_o about_o the_o mineral_n particle_n and_o must_v therefore_o as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o premise_n lay_v down_o necessary_o cause_v a_o precipitation_n of_o the_o mineral_n which_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o illustrate_v by_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o mineral_n particle_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o fluid_fw-la in_o the_o manner_n recite_v it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o earth_n over_o which_o these_o spring_n run_v be_v always_o cover_v with_o a_o ochre_n which_o to_o i_o seem_v evident_o to_o hint_n that_o the_o mineral_n to_o the_o fluid_n retain_v so_o equal_a a_o balance_n that_o the_o least_o motion_n occasion_n a_o separation_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o have_v their_o current_n they_o constant_o drop_v a_o ochre_n and_o colour_v the_o earth_n as_o before_o observe_v the_o second_o experiment_n be_v this_o if_o before_o you_o put_v in_o the_o gall_n you_o add_v a_o acid_n to_o the_o water_n as_o for_o example_n spirit_n of_o vitriol_n or_o sulphur_n the_o gall_n than_o give_v little_a or_o no_o tincture_n to_o the_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o the_o acid_n you_o mix_v with_o it_o be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o either_o the_o mineral_n particle_n or_o the_o fluid_a by_o their_o rigid_a inflexible_a particle_n keep_v the_o mineral_n suspend_v so_o that_o consequent_o the_o acid_n of_o the_o gall_n be_v volatile_a it_o be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o to_o bring_v they_o down_o and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o this_o method_n they_o usual_o hover_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o azure_a cloud_n the_o mineral_n as_o well_o as_o that_o be_v volatile_a which_o be_v abundant_o evident_a both_o in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o those_o water_n and_o likewise_o by_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o twentyfour_o hour_n make_v they_o insipid_a and_o in_o that_o space_n of_o time_n so_o sequester_v of_o the_o mineral_n particle_n that_o then_o they_o will_v not_o yield_v any_o tincture_n with_o a_o gall_n or_o if_o any_o but_o a_o faint_a one_o so_o volatile_a be_v the_o vitriol_n in_o those_o water_n which_o no_o doubt_n be_v carry_v off_o by_o the_o sulphur_n which_o from_o its_o volatility_n may_v just_o be_v draw_v like_o the_o statue_n of_o mercury_n wing_a and_o still_o point_v upward_o to_o these_o i_o think_v necessary_a to_o add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n that_o i_o may_v do_v justice_n both_o to_o the_o public_a and_o to_o that_o most_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a gentleman_n richard_n townley_n of_o townley_n esq_n who_o communicate_v they_o to_o i_o in_o the_o water_n at_o burnley_n in_o lancashire_n he_o have_v observe_v the_o follow_a phaenomena_n first_o that_o if_o that_o water_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n there_o will_v subside_o a_o scarlet_a sediment_n this_o be_v a_o phaenomenon_n never_o observe_v before_o in_o any_o water_n in_o england_n i_o ever_o hear_v of_o it_o may_v therefore_o just_o challenge_v our_o conjecture_n about_o it_o ochre_n and_o lapis_fw-la scissilis_fw-la which_o be_v the_o usual_a hypostasis_n of_o those_o kind_n of_o water_n it_o be_v most_o evident_a it_o can_v not_o be_v the_o one_o be_v of_o a_o yellow_a the_o other_o of_o a_o greyish_a colour_n but_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o bituminous_a exalt_a sulphur_n and_o this_o will_v more_o full_o appear_v when_o we_o come_v to_o examine_v its_o salt_n of_o which_o it_o contain_v three_o different_a species_n first_o a_o small_a proportion_n of_o natron_n or_o egyptian_a nitre_n which_o if_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n will_v like_v that_o or_o salt_n of_o tartar_n dissolve_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la will_v ferment_n with_o any_o acid_n and_o have_v a_o strong_a lixivial_a taste_n after_o the_o natron_n have_v run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la there_o remain_v another_o salt_n entire_a which_o if_o dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o water_n total_o fly_v off_o by_o which_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o salt_n be_v volatile_a and_o most_o probable_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o natron_n which_o be_v the_o only_o fix_a alcali_n in_o the_o world_n i_o know_v of_o that_o by_o this_o method_n or_o by_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v yield_v a_o volatile_a alcalisate_n salt_n from_o which_o phaenomena_n it_o be_v undeniable_o evident_a dr._n lister_n be_v mistake_v when_o to_o use_v his_o own_o word_n he_o violent_o affirm_v no_o water_n in_o england_n contain_v natron_n a_o gallon_n of_o this_o water_n contain_v about_o twelve_o grain_n of_o sediment_n and_o four_o or_o five_o of_o salt_n the_o salt_n when_o separate_v from_o their_o earth_n be_v white_a but_o will_v not_o
the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o flame_n expire_v yet_o by_o the_o sulphureous_a fume_n dash_v upon_o each_o other_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n wax_v warm_a a_o certain_a signal_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o where_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v deny_v a_o passage_n or_o where_o they_o force_v their_o way_n through_o uneven_a sinuosity_n by_o beat_v upon_o and_o encounter_v one_o another_o a_o heat_n must_v be_v produce_v as_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o convex_a glass_n and_o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n browne_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o mine_n in_o hungary_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o same_o mine_n it_o be_v extreme_o cold_a in_o other_o so_o intense_o hot_a that_o though_o his_o clothes_n be_v never_o so_o thin_a the_o heat_n will_v be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o the_o miner_n work_v all_o naked_a and_o eight_o hour_n be_v as_o much_o as_o most_o can_v endure_v the_o heat_n in_o these_o water_n can_v arise_v from_o fermentation_n because_o no_o fermentation_n can_v be_v discover_v in_o they_o nor_o by_o any_o experiment_n either_o in_o distillation_n precipitation_n or_o any_o other_o method_n can_v i_o ever_o observe_v such_o a_o contrariety_n of_o matter_n in_o they_o that_o one_o part_n will_v ferment_n upon_o another_o so_o as_o to_o cause_v any_o sensible_a heat_n from_o subterraneous_a fire_n they_o can_v proceed_v because_o in_o these_o part_v such_o be_v never_o know_v or_o be_v there_o any_o can_v not_o but_o discover_v themselves_o since_o no_o fire_n will_v burn_v without_o admission_n of_o air_n and_o there_o must_v likewise_o be_v flue_n and_o chasm_n whence_o they_o vent_v their_o smoke_n and_o feculent_a part_n but_o since_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o disclose_v in_o these_o part_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a the_o bath_n shall_v grow_v hot_a by_o any_o such_o cause_n and_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o bath_n may_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v by_o the_o collision_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n what_o necessity_n be_v there_o we_o shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o any_o such_o unwarrantable_a hypothesis_n as_o a_o fermentation_n in_o the_o water_n or_o to_o subterraneous_a fire_n those_o two_o notion_n be_v late_o espouse_v by_o dr._n guidot_n and_o dr._n pierce_n of_o bath_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v those_o gentleman_n rather_o fancy_v than_o observe_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n for_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v have_v they_o make_v strict_a inquiry_n into_o those_o water_n they_o will_v never_o have_v trouble_v the_o world_n with_o such_o chimerical_a hypothesis_n dr._n pierce_v indeed_o do_v not_o much_o trouble_v himself_o or_o the_o world_n with_o any_o scrutiny_n into_o the_o content_n of_o the_o bath_n or_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o they_o but_o only_o give_v you_o a_o instance_n from_o savoy_n which_o be_v as_o remote_a as_o that_o place_n to_o his_o undertake_n and_o as_o for_o dr._n guidot_n he_o be_v so_o inconsistent_a with_o himself_o that_o unless_o he_o have_v the_o art_n of_o reconcile_a contradiction_n i_o be_o sure_a his_o thermae_n britannicae_n be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v for_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v this_o as_o any_o wise_a arrogate_a a_o great_a genius_n to_o myself_o or_o to_o lessen_v those_o worthy_a person_n but_o only_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o nature_n and_o if_o they_o please_v to_o do_v the_o same_o i_o despair_v not_o of_o their_o pardon_n have_v now_o do_v with_o the_o sulphureous_a saline_a water_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o treat_v of_o saline_a one_o only_o as_o those_o at_o northwich_n namptwich_n middlewich_n dunham_n in_o cheshire_n and_o barton_n in_o lancashire_n various_a have_v be_v the_o notion_n concern_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o spring_n some_o imagine_v they_o proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n other_o from_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n which_o have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v discover_v and_o first_o make_v useful_a by_o myself_o in_o refine_n that_o rock_n to_o a_o white_a granulated_a salt_n which_o be_v now_o practise_v in_o many_o place_n these_o spring_n sometime_o break_v out_o in_o the_o rock_n but_o often_o either_o above_n or_o under_o it_o some_o of_o they_o in_o a_o quart_n of_o water_n contain_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o ounce_n of_o salt_n whence_o its_o plain_a that_o quatenus_fw-la salt-spring_n they_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o sea_n because_o a_o quart_n of_o the_o best_a of_o that_o water_n afford_v seldom_o above_o a_o ounce_n and_o half_n of_o salt_n some_o of_o these_o spring_n will_v thing_fw-mi with_o gall_n but_o most_o refuse_v it_o whence_o its_o plain_a dr._n lister_n in_o his_o usual_a manner_n be_v much_o mistake_v in_o force_v the_o pyrite_n upon_o we_o it_o be_v true_a from_o the_o sulphureous_a smell_n that_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o fermentation_n betwixt_o this_o salt_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n that_o there_o be_v a_o sulphur_n contain_v in_o the_o salt_n but_o that_o no_o wise_a warrant_n a_o pyrite_n since_o that_o be_v a_o aggregate_v of_o different_a principle_n viz._n ochre_n and_o vitriol_n beside_o sulphur_n which_o body_n by_o the_o dr_n own_o confession_n salt_n do_v not_o contain_v which_o be_v the_o only_a true_a notion_n he_o lay_v down_o about_o those_o water_n and_o that_o he_o may_v assume_v as_o a_o observation_n of_o his_o own_o it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o the_o salt_n make_v from_o the_o brine-spring_n and_o the_o rock-salt_n dissolve_v in_o fresh_a water_n that_o these_o salt_n will_v shoot_v into_o different_a figure_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o brine-spring_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o be_v discover_v but_o from_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o lie_v deep_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n beside_o in_o different_a spring_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o differ_v as_o some_o in_o middlewich_n from_o those_o at_o northwich_n where_o by_o chrystallization_n they_o shoot_v into_o quite_o contrary_a figure_n so_o that_o the_o sal_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la as_o the_o dr._n style_v it_o be_v like_a to_o lose_v its_o character_n nay_o rock-salt_n itself_o will_v never_o shoot_v into_o any_o regular_a figure_n at_o all_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v aver_v these_o salt-spring_n have_v not_o their_o saltness_n from_o any_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n yet_o know_v it_o follow_v therefore_o if_o they_o be_v not_o saturate_v either_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o from_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n we_o may_v then_o form_v another_o hypothesis_n and_o conclude_v they_o to_o arise_v from_o aerial_a saline_a particle_n impregnate_v a_o proper_a bass_n and_o so_o by_o various_a solution_n and_o impregnation_n keep_v a_o continual_a circulation_n and_o so_o constant_o supply_v we_o and_o what_o chief_o give_v umbrage_n to_o this_o be_v the_o renascence_n of_o marine_a salt_n which_o be_v so_o prodigious_o make_v out_o by_o untzerus_n in_o his_o account_n of_o those_o mountain_n of_o salt_n that_o supply_n russia_n persia_n mesopotamia_n media_n and_o those_o vast_a country_n which_o as_o he_o affirm_v every_o year_n vegetate_n and_o the_o place_n whence_o the_o salt_n be_v dig_v be_v the_o year_n follow_v as_o full_a of_o salt_n as_o before_o phaenomena_n like_v to_o this_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o vitriol-stone_n near_o hesse-cassel_n and_o in_o those_o iron-mine_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n as_o be_v relate_v by_o fallopius_n beside_o the_o marine_a salt_n these_o spring_n do_v likewise_o contain_v the_o nitrum_fw-la calcarium_fw-la its_o observable_a the_o salt_n of_o some_o of_o these_o spring_n will_v not_o easy_o precipitate_v but_o a_o little_a alum_n and_o fresh_a butter_n will_v effect_v it_o and_o then_o it_o make_v a_o large_a grain_n and_o strong_a salt_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o these_o salt_n there_o be_v likewise_o observe_v a_o white_a sand_n which_o be_v throw_v to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o pan_n and_o this_o by_o frequent_a evaporation_n and_o filtration_n i_o find_v to_o be_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o bass_n out_o of_o which_o these_o salt-spring_n arise_v the_o most_o note_a purging-water_n in_o these_o part_n be_v those_o in_o a_o village_n call_v rougham_n adjacent_a to_o the_o remarkable_a sand_n which_o be_v the_o great_a road_n into_o furnace_n nine_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o at_o each_o springtide_n entire_o cover_v with_o water_n these_o in_o calm_a wether_n afford_v we_o very_o pleasant_a travel_v but_o in_o tempestuous_a season_n no_o less_o dismal_a than_o we_o can_v suppose_v the_o wild_a desert_n of_o arabia_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o high_a rock_n near_o these_o the_o water_n issue_v forth_o in_o a_o very_a plentiful_a current_n it_o be_v a_o little_a brackish_a take_v inward_o it_o purge_v both_o by_o urine_n
water_n inward_o take_v be_v commend_v by_o several_a in_o dysentery_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o be_v proper_a in_o those_o case_n i_o do_v judge_v they_o of_o use_n in_o the_o cure_n of_o a_o diabetes_n these_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a phaenomena_n i_o can_v ever_o observe_v of_o the_o water_n in_o these_o part_n have_v therefore_o examine_v those_o i_o shall_v according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o various_a earth_n these_o county_n afford_v we_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o water_n after_o i_o have_v finish_v my_o experiment_n of_o mineral_n water_n i_o have_v the_o fortune_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o elaborate_a tract_n entitle_v the_o natural_a history_n of_o the_o chalybeat_a and_o purge_v water_n in_o england_n with_o their_o particular_a essay_n and_o use_v with_o likewise_o observation_n on_o the_o bath_n in_o somersetshire_n dedicate_v to_o the_o r_o t_o hon_fw-fr ble_a the_o earl_n of_o manchester_n by_o benjamin_n allen_n med._n bacc._n thâ—se_o i_o shall_v examine_v in_o their_o order_n and_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n take_v notice_n of_o his_o observation_n concern_v the_o rise_n of_o chalybeat_a water_n pag._n 14._o he_o say_v the_o earth_n and_o soil_n of_o these_o spring_n be_v ever_o a_o sand_n or_o gravel_n and_o that_o the_o water_n issue_v from_o or_o rather_o make_v a_o rock_n cement_v of_o stone_n which_o be_v never_o to_o be_v find_v but_o where_o the_o water_n be_v vitriolic_a how_o true_a this_o be_v the_o world_n may_v judge_v from_o the_o follow_a observation_n in_o the_o rock_n at_o strangeway_n near_o manchester_n in_o lancashire_n three_o or_o four_o yard_n in_o freestone_n rock_n be_v several_a chalybeat_a spring_n which_o with_o powder_n of_o gall_n give_v a_o deep_a claret_n tincture_n and_o will_v answer_v all_o other_o experiment_n usual_o try_v upon_o the_o acidulae_n eight_o or_o nine_o yard_n within_o a_o freestone_n rock_n near_o stockport_n in_o the_o same_o county_n be_v several_a chalybeat_a spring_n which_o with_o gall_n yield_v a_o purple_a full_o as_o deep_a as_o tunbridge_n or_o knarseborough_n and_o will_v turn_v green_a with_o syrup_n of_o violet_n in_o these_o rock_n be_v find_v sometime_o small_a vitriol-stone_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o which_o scrape_v into_o common_a water_n instant_o make_v the_o artificial_a chalybeat_a water_n but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o minute_a particle_n of_o the_o pyrite_n to_o be_v find_v here_o it_o be_v plain_a hence_o that_o these_o spring_n proceed_v not_o always_o from_o sand_n and_o gravel_n nor_o be_v they_o as_o he_o allege_v marcasitical_a that_o be_v spring_v impregnate_v with_o the_o pyrite_n for_o to_o satisfy_v his_o curiosity_n far_o the_o pyrite_n here_o be_v neither_o discoverable_a by_o ocular_a demonstration_n nor_o by_o dissolve_v the_o rock_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la which_o he_o assert_n if_o it_o contain_v the_o pyrite_n will_v turn_v to_o a_o jelly_n and_o yet_o that_o very_a assertion_n be_v without_o ground_n for_o because_o the_o pyrite_n will_v turn_v to_o a_o jelly_n do_v it_o thence_o follow_v all_o body_n that_o will_v do_v so_o participate_v of_o the_o pyrite_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n he_o may_v aver_v that_o because_o bone_n and_o harts-horn_n with_o a_o little_a common_a water_n in_o mons._n papin_n digest_v instrument_n become_v gelatinous_a that_o either_o the_o bone_n contain_v the_o horn_n or_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la the_o horn_n the_o bone_n now_o since_o these_o rock_n answer_v not_o this_o end_n it_o be_v evident_a these_o spring_n according_a to_o his_o own_o notion_n can_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o pyritâ—â—_n but_o this_o i_o presume_v he_o only_o assert_v as_o a_o compliment_n to_o a_o eminent_a physician_n and_o if_o he_o prefer_v his_o friendship_n before_o strict_a and_o true_a observation_n in_o nature_n i_o envy_v not_o his_o choice_n his_o other_o experiment_n upon_o the_o acidulae_n be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v by_o other_o author_n i_o shall_v therefore_o pass_v they_o over_o as_o to_o the_o purging-water_n he_o derive_v they_o from_o the_o pyrite_n selenites_n and_o loame_n and_o be_v as_o he_o allege_v impregnate_v with_o purge_v salt_n of_o various_a kind_n form_v into_o a_o saline_a nature_n by_o a_o acid_a mineral_n juice_n in_o the_o loame_n hence_o pag._n 117._o he_o have_v this_o period_n so_o i_o conclude_v the_o salt_n of_o these_o purge_a water_n to_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a nature_n betwixt_o nitre_z and_o vitriol_n and_o form_v out_o of_o the_o loame_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o vitriolic_a juice_n or_o liquid_a salt_n and_o collect_v in_o most_o cavity_n as_o to_o this_o hypothesis_n from_o the_o follow_a phaenomena_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o convince_v he_o that_o he_o be_v again_o mistake_v that_o be_v that_o there_o be_v spring_n which_o do_v contain_v the_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n and_o yet_o arise_v not_o out_o of_o loame_n e._n g._n at_o rougham_n in_o furness_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lancaster_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o rock_n issue_v a_o purge_a spring_n at_o least_o twenty_o yard_n perpendicular_a from_o its_o summit_n where_o there_o be_v neither_o the_o pyrite_n the_o belemnite_n nor_o loame_n the_o spring_n flow_v in_o a_o luxuriant_a current_n this_o water_n upon_o the_o first_o evaporation_n afford_v a_o salt_n not_o much_o unlike_a sea-salt_n but_o the_o marine_a may_v be_v easy_o separate_v from_o the_o bitter_a or_o purge_a salt_n and_o than_o you_o have_v a_o salt_n which_o afford_v bacilli_n or_o stiriae_fw-la which_o will_v easy_o dissolve_v even_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o hand_n nay_o even_o by_o the_o air_n itself_o and_o answer_v all_o the_o experiment_n dr._n grow_v make_v upon_o epson-salt_n it_o be_v hence_o evident_a that_o these_o salt_n have_v not_o their_o origin_n as_o he_o allege_v from_o the_o pyrite_n selenites_n and_o loame_n the_o earth_n after_o distillation_n be_v light_a and_o of_o a_o greyish_a colour_n and_o will_v strong_o ferment_n with_o a_o acid._n but_o to_o give_v he_o a_o ample_a demonstration_n of_o his_o error_n i_o shall_v produce_v he_o another_o instance_n or_o two_o at_o thernham_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lancaster_n there_o be_v a_o earth_n which_o contain_v loame_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o selenites_n and_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n may_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o ridge_n of_o hill_n that_o run_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n towards_o rossall_n in_o the_o same_o county_n out_o of_o both_o these_o earth_n issue_n several_a spring_n which_o will_v neither_o thing_fw-mi with_o gall_n nor_o be_v they_o purgative_n hence_o it_o be_v evident_a though_o the_o principle_n he_o lay_v down_o do_v all_o concur_v yet_o that_o thence_o do_v not_o necessary_o follow_v a_o marcasitical_a or_o purge_v water_n nor_o be_v the_o salt_n as_o be_v observe_v before_o collect_v so_o superficial_o as_o he_o allege_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o i_o have_v see_v the_o salt_n bass_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n shoot_v out_o various_a efflorescence_n at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o a_o spring_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o bass_n at_o least_o 20_o yard_n within_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v prepare_v the_o true_a bitter_a purge_a salt_n so_o that_o what_o he_o have_v inform_v we_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o purge_v water_n be_v as_o groundless_a as_o the_o former_a as_o to_o his_o method_n of_o prepare_v a_o salt_n from_o loame_n by_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n it_o be_v no_o wise_a convince_a since_o the_o phaenomena_n he_o recite_v may_v happen_v bare_o from_o the_o spirit_n without_o a_o salt_n congenite_fw-la to_o the_o loame_n the_o different_a salt_n he_o prepare_v from_o the_o purge_v water_n may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v be_v true_a and_o exact_a but_o what_o i_o allege_v be_v that_o neither_o the_o chalybeat_n be_v always_o from_o the_o pyrite_n nor_o the_o purge_v water_n from_o loame_n marcasite_n and_o the_o selenites_n his_o other_o experiment_n be_v but_o what_o be_v before_o observe_v by_o dr._n plot_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr clos_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n examine_v his_o observation_n upon_o the_o bath_n in_o somersetshire_n p._n 178._o he_o say_v that_o the_o salt_n contain_v in_o this_o water_n appear_v full_o to_o be_v salt-petre_a in_o that_o it_o do_v not_o disturb_v a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la saturni_n in_o fair_a wether_n but_o this_o be_v no_o demonstration_n at_o all_o of_o salt-petre_a for_o the_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n will_v do_v the_o same_o which_o be_v not_o at_o all_o nitrous_a although_o it_o bear_v the_o same_o bacilli_n or_o stiriae_fw-la with_o nitre_n for_o since_o the_o salt_n be_v not_o inflammable_a there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o suppose_v the_o existence_n of_o salt-petre_a it_o now_o appear_v his_o attempt_n
upon_o bath-water_n be_v as_o fruitless_a as_o his_o other_o experiment_n and_o in_o his_o reason_n about_o they_o he_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o himself_o i_o shall_v only_o remark_n one_o thing_n more_o that_o when_o this_o purge_v salt_n become_v striate_v if_o it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o a_o few_o day_n it_o drop_v a_o hard_a pellucid_a salt_n which_o will_v not_o dissolve_v in_o the_o air_n be_v bitter_a and_o pungent_a the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v various_a sometime_o cubical_a sometime_o pentagon_n and_o parallelopepedon_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_v it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o reduce_v salt_n to_o their_o distinct_a species_n by_o determinate_a figure_n it_o be_v certain_a by_o these_o experiment_n that_o the_o salt_n in_o this_o purge_v water_n which_o at_o first_o by_o its_o taste_n and_o figure_n seem_v only_o to_o be_v a_o common_a marine_a salt_n consist_v of_o three_o different_a kind_n why_o therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v style_v a_o nitre_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n i_o have_v often_o wonder_v why_o some_o person_n ambitious_o affect_v the_o impose_v of_o term_n assume_v to_o themselves_o title_n of_o new_a discoverer_n without_o any_o ground_n at_o all_o for_o if_o from_o the_o mere_a trunk_n of_o a_o mole_n i_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o prove_v it_o be_v the_o species_n of_o a_o elephant_n the_o world_n will_v doubtless_o conclude_v i_o the_o blind_a creature_n i_o shall_v beg_v leave_n to_o add_v to_o this_o appendix_n one_o thing_n more_o relate_v to_o cold_a spring_n in_o which_o as_o the_o moralist_n assure_v we_o of_o the_o two_o contrary_a passion_n joy_n and_o sorrow_n that_o the_o former_a be_v a_o expansion_n the_o other_o a_o depressure_n of_o the_o spirit_n so_o it_o be_v no_o less_o probable_a in_o these_o two_o opposite_a quality_n heat_v and_o cold_a that_o in_o one_o the_o nerve_n be_v dilate_v in_o the_o other_o shrivel_a or_o contract_v but_o since_o the_o cause_n of_o intense_a coldness_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o paragraph_n i_o shall_v only_o expatiate_v on_o the_o latter_a in_o order_n to_o that_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o a_o general_a hypothesis_n and_o afterward_o illustrate_v it_o first_o by_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a and_o afterward_o by_o parallel_a experiment_n that_o produce_v it_o coldness_n therefore_o in_o water_n i_o suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o volatile_a saline_a particle_n which_o by_o their_o point_n contract_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o nerve_n obstruct_v the_o spirit_n and_o thence_o proceed_v a_o horror_n or_o tremble_v and_o if_o the_o cold_a be_v intense_a a_o stupor_n or_o numbness_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o capillary_n in_o the_o skin_n by_o the_o puncture_n of_o those_o saline_a particle_n corrugate_v and_o the_o blood_n thereby_o stagnate_v and_o by_o the_o distension_n of_o those_o vessel_n the_o skin_n appear_v extreme_o red_a that_o coldness_n in_o water_n proceed_v from_o these_o saline_a particle_n be_v evident_a from_o solution_n of_o snow_n in_o common_a water_n in_o which_o those_o particle_n be_v so_o volatile_a that_o upon_o distillation_n i_o find_v they_o whole_o to_o evaporate_v it_o be_v not_o therefore_o as_o the_o peripatetic_n imagine_v that_o coldness_n proceed_v from_o dull_a unactive_a principle_n but_o from_o volatile_a saline_a one_o which_o by_o their_o inflexibility_n or_o rigidness_n like_v so_o many_o barrier_n fix_v the_o particle_n in_o water_n which_o be_v of_o a_o soft_a temper_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o it_o freeze_v and_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n in_o spring_n therefore_o that_o be_v natural_o intense_o cold_a i_o suppose_v the_o loam_n from_o whence_o these_o arise_v to_o have_v pore_n so_o configurate_v as_o constant_o to_o imbibe_n these_o saline_a particle_n from_o the_o circumambient_a atmosphere_n which_o doubtless_o be_v of_o as_o volatile_a nature_n as_o those_o of_o snow_n for_o i_o never_o can_v find_v in_o the_o distillation_n of_o cold_a bath_n any_o salt_n that_o can_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o crystal_n except_o a_o marine_a one_o and_o that_o in_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o coldness_n shall_v proceed_v from_o thence_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o in_o artificial_a cold_a bath_n the_o water_n be_v make_v violent_o so_o by_o solution_n of_o marine_a salt_n and_o salt-petre_a but_o then_o to_o effect_v that_o there_o be_v those_o quantity_n of_o salt_n that_o be_v never_o to_o be_v find_v in_o bath_n natural_o cold_a whence_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o coldness_n in_o they_o can_v proceed_v from_o a_o solution_n of_o those_o salt_n but_o from_o a_o volatile_a aerial_a nitre_n doubtless_o bring_v into_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o particular_a wind_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a in_o opposite_a parallel_n from_o the_o line_n in_o the_o one_o you_o have_v violent_a frost_n in_o the_o other_o intense_a heat_n as_o the_o ingenious_a dr._n monday_n of_o all-soul_n college_n in_o oxford_n beyond_o contradiction_n have_v make_v evident_a the_o most_o remarkable_a cold_a spring_n in_o these_o part_n be_v that_o at_o larbrick_n of_o which_o take_v the_o follow_a account_n upon_o immerse_v your_o hand_n into_o it_o the_o part_n immediate_o grow_v extreme_o red_a and_o you_o will_v then_o perceive_v a_o most_o violent_a pain_n fish_n of_o several_a sort_n i_o have_v see_v put_v into_o this_o spring_n which_o make_v but_o one_o effort_n and_o instant_o expire_v it_o be_v a_o acidula_fw-la or_o chalybeat_a water_n and_o therefore_o be_v account_v for_o in_o another_o place_n as_o likewise_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a bath_n which_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o follow_a treatise_n of_o the_o scurvy_a and_o rickets_o but_o more_o full_o to_o illustrate_v the_o unaccountable_a penetrancy_n agility_n and_o rigidness_n of_o those_o particle_n that_o produce_v cold_a take_v the_o follow_a experiment_n let_v a_o thermometer_n of_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o hermetical_o seal_v at_o both_o end_n and_o about_o half_o fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o cold_a spring_n for_o instance_n in_o that_o at_o larbrick_n and_o continue_v suspend_v in_o it_o about_o half_a a_o hour_n in_o that_o space_n of_o time_n the_o spirit_n in_o the_o tube_n will_v subside_o a_o full_a inch_n which_o instance_n full_o demonstrate_v how_o penetrate_v those_o frigorific_a particle_n must_v be_v that_o thus_o enter_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o force_v the_o spirit_n to_o subside_o to_o that_o degree_n this_o instance_n likewise_o demonstrate_v their_o inflexibility_n that_o by_o penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n they_o shall_v so_o fix_v their_o point_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o vinous_a spirit_n which_o be_v of_o a_o soft_a texture_n must_v necessary_o give_v way_n and_o subside_o by_o this_o experiment_n you_o may_v easy_o find_v out_o the_o various_a degree_n of_o cold_a in_o spring_n and_o by_o compare_v those_o with_o observation_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n make_v in_o the_o two_o note_a bath_n holywell_n in_o wales_n and_o st._n mungus_n in_o yorkshire_n may_v easy_o find_v of_o what_o use_v the_o spring_n in_o these_o county_n may_v be_v in_o the_o like_a case_n which_o these_o be_v eminent_a for_o i_o must_v needs_o own_o that_o in_o leprous_a distemper_n scorbutic_a rheumatism_n the_o rickets_o and_o scorbutic_a atrophy_n before_o the_o hectic_a heat_n be_v grow_v too_o intense_a i_o have_v not_o see_v any_o medicine_n perform_v the_o effect_n which_o these_o water_n frequent_o do_v chap._n iii_o of_o earth_n clay_n boles_n marles_n improvement_n by_o shell_n shell-fish_n hare_n and_o rabbit-skin_n soap-boilers_a ash_n and_o putrified_a fern_n of_o morass_n and_o their_o various_a improvement_n these_o country_n afford_v we_o various_a sort_n of_o earth_n but_o the_o most_o note_a be_v the_o black_a soil_n the_o foxglove-earth_n and_o the_o clay-earth_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o clay_n and_o marle_n the_o black_a earth_n be_v common_o rich_a pasture_n or_o meadow_v or_o good_a corn-land_n the_o foxglove-earth_n which_o be_v a_o tender_a earth_n and_o of_o a_o brownish_a colour_n be_v usual_o good_a pasture_n and_o by_o improvement_n bring_v plentiful_a harvest_n of_o corn_n the_o clay-earth_n be_v chief_o for_o corn_n and_o in_o that_o either_o for_o continue_v long_o or_o produce_v a_o well_o feed_v corn_n exceed_v both_o the_o other_o sometime_o these_o earth_n abound_v with_o great_a quantity_n of_o lime-stone_n and_o other_o stone_n which_o mighty_o contribute_v to_o their_o plentiful_a production_n as_o be_v observable_a in_o the_o close_v near_o lancaster_n and_o other_o part_n in_o the_o north_n the_o country_n people_n imagine_v it_o proceed_v from_o the_o warmth_n they_o impart_v to_o the_o various_a earth_n but_o i_o rather_o attribute_v it_o to_o their_o nitrous_a or_o alcalious_a salt_n which_o as_o i_o shall_v demonstrate_v hereafter_o conduce_v to_o the_o
phaenomena_n dr._n woodward_n suppose_v the_o stalactite_n to_o be_v form_v by_o the_o water_n in_o some_o strata_fw-la of_o earth_n filter_v from_o the_o spar_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o position_n of_o particle_n to_o constitute_v various_a lamellae_n of_o spar._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o this_o in_o part_n may_v be_v true_a yet_o in_o those_o cavity_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o water_n form_v various_a lamellae_n of_o spar_n after_o it_o be_v fall_v from_o the_o rock_n as_o be_v very_o discernible_a in_o those_o little_a hill_n call_v haycock_n upon_o which_o the_o water_n be_v continual_o drop_v and_o each_o year_n form_v various_a lamellae_n of_o the_o stalactite_n the_o water_n be_v clear_a and_o of_o a_o pleasant_a taste_n and_o in_o distillation_n yield_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o this_o sparry_n matter_n wherefore_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a there_o be_v a_o continual_a solution_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o matter_n by_o some_o acid_a esurine_a halitus_fw-la which_o may_v likely_o be_v the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o some_o of_o the_o mine_n or_o mineral_n in_o those_o part_n i_o be_o far_a confirm_v in_o this_o because_o the_o sparr_n by_o calcination_n be_v of_o a_o very_a austere_a styptic_a taste_n therefore_o it_o be_v most_o rational_a to_o think_v that_o they_o may_v be_v some_o vitriolate_a effluvia_fw-la which_o make_v this_o solution_n but_o be_v not_o to_o be_v discern_v in_o the_o water_n because_o the_o saline_n particle_n be_v sheathe_v in_o the_o terrene_a and_o so_o can_v exert_v their_o pungent_a quality_n until_o they_o be_v disentangle_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o water_n though_o it_o be_v high_o saturate_v with_o these_o spars_n be_v yet_o of_o a_o please_a taste_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o a_o thorough_a discovery_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o these_o water_n will_v give_v we_o a_o satisfactory_a account_n of_o the_o formation_n of_o gem_n and_o may_v likewise_o be_v of_o use_n in_o physic_n there_o be_v different_a kind_n of_o these_o sparr_n as_o to_o their_o internal_a quality_n some_o if_o take_v inward_o will_v vomit_v and_o purge_v most_o violent_o as_o that_o in_o the_o lead_v mine_n near_o andlesack_n in_o lancashire_n and_o this_o no_o doubt_n consist_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o salt_n and_o sulphur_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v emetic_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o spar_n will_v be_v more_o full_o make_v out_o from_o the_o subsequent_a instance_n and_o the_o first_o be_v by_o calcination_n in_o which_o you_o may_v easy_o discover_v that_o a_o pound_n of_o this_o will_v yield_v a_o dram_n of_o arsenic_n at_o the_o least_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o lamellae_n of_o the_o spar._n whence_o therefore_o this_o come_v to_o be_v of_o so_o poisonous_a a_o nature_n be_v plain_o evident_a notwithstanding_o this_o the_o neighbour_n thereabouts_o will_v frequent_o take_v a_o scruple_n at_o least_o of_o this_o in_o fit_n of_o the_o stone_n in_o who_o it_o vomit_v purge_n and_o work_v violent_o by_o urine_n in_o this_o case_n as_o they_o have_v frequent_o assure_v i_o they_o have_v find_v great_a relief_n whence_o the_o vomit_v and_o purge_v proceed_v be_v evident_a as_o we_o have_v before_o observe_v viz._n from_o the_o arsenical_a sulphur_n as_o likewise_o from_o that_o profuse_a quantity_n of_o urine_n which_o may_v sufficient_o hint_n to_o we_o what_o kind_n of_o morbific_a matter_n it_o be_v that_o cause_v the_o diabetes_n both_o from_o the_o quickness_n of_o its_o poisonous_a quality_n and_o likewise_o the_o sweetness_n of_o the_o urine_n there_o be_v some_o have_v be_v so_o dare_v as_o to_o venture_v to_o take_v a_o dram_n of_o this_o particular_o one_o james_n barns_n wife_n and_o child_n but_o alas_o to_o their_o woeful_a experience_n they_o find_v the_o sad_a effect_n of_o it_o for_o in_o about_o nine_o hour_n afterward_o they_o both_o expire_v the_o like_a quantity_n of_o this_o in_o about_o three_o hour_n time_n will_v kill_v a_o dog_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o dog_n while_o live_v be_v deep_o lethargic_a which_o may_v farther_o illustrate_v to_o we_o in_o malignant_a fever_n attend_v with_o those_o symptom_n what_o kind_n of_o matter_n probable_o it_o be_v that_o cause_v those_o symptom_n but_o that_o be_v more_o full_o discuss_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n nay_o so_o spread_v be_v the_o poison_n of_o this_o spar_n that_o it_o have_v not_o only_o be_v fatal_a to_o the_o creature_n that_o have_v take_v it_o but_o a_o dog_n by_o lick_v the_o blood_n of_o a_o swine_n which_o have_v accidental_o take_v it_o mix_v with_o meal_n and_o butter_n expire_v likewise_o and_o it_o be_v far_a observable_a that_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o swine_n be_v afterward_o eat_v and_o do_v no_o mischief_n though_o the_o blood_n be_v poisonous_a because_o as_o we_o may_v reasonable_o conjecture_v the_o arsenic_n have_v not_o spread_v itself_o far_o than_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n there_o be_v likewise_o in_o the_o same_o my_o a_o black_a spar_n which_o afford_v a_o divert_v phaenomenon_n or_o perhaps_o by_o some_o may_v be_v esteem_v a_o melancholy_a scene_n which_o be_v in_o the_o follow_a manner_n if_o you_o calcine_v this_o spar_n in_o a_o crucible_n its_o sulphureous_a particle_n so_o diffuse_v themselves_o in_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n that_o the_o person_n stand_v by_o by_o their_o paleness_n resemble_v the_o corpse_n of_o so_o many_o decease_a person_n it_o be_v further_a remarkable_a that_o there_o be_v sometime_o cavity_n in_o the_o body_n of_o this_o and_o likewise_o in_o the_o lead-ore_n which_o be_v implete_v with_o water_n though_o there_o be_v no_o apparent_a aqueduct_n lead_v to_o they_o these_o by_o the_o miner_n be_v style_v self-loughs_a whence_o this_o water_n be_v derive_v may_v merit_v our_o consideration_n but_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a it_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o more_o remote_a bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a heat_n and_o collect_v in_o those_o cavity_n so_o that_o it_o be_v undeniable_o demonstrable_a that_o the_o aqueous_a particle_n must_v penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o rock_n sparr_n and_o oar_n which_o will_v more_o plain_o illustrate_v to_o we_o how_o sometime_o in_o those_o kind_n of_o cavity_n there_o be_v find_v live_v toad_n which_o some_o have_v have_v the_o vanity_n to_o fix_v there_o ever_o since_o noah_n deluge_n but_o from_o the_o ova_fw-la or_o egg_n float_v in_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o water_n it_o be_v most_o probable_a to_o conclude_v they_o breed_v there_o other_o be_v diuretical_a and_o be_v frequent_o take_v with_o success_n in_o the_o gout_n and_o stone_n which_o no_o doubt_n they_o effect_v by_o their_o saline_a particle_n incide_v the_o lentor_n in_o the_o blood_n and_o so_o consequent_o give_v ease_n in_o those_o case_n instance_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o have_v see_v several_a but_o to_o insert_v they_o here_o be_v foreign_a to_o this_o undertake_n these_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a phaenomena_n i_o have_v observe_v of_o sparr_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n hasten_v to_o talc_n and_o amianthus_n or_o that_o which_o be_v call_v feather_a alum_n the_o talc_n be_v pellucid_a and_o frequent_o find_v in_o marle_n and_o will_v easy_o calcine_v into_o brittle_a white_a lamellae_n and_o will_v no_o doubt_n make_v a_o very_a good_a plaster_n which_o in_o the_o malt-kilns_a may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n be_v far_o better_o than_o those_o common_a clay-floors_n this_o be_v not_o at_o present_a make_v use_n of_o any_o far_a than_o a_o common_a mortar_n but_o its_o far_a improvement_n succeed_v generation_n may_v discover_v the_o amianthus_n be_v likewise_o find_v in_o marle_n it_o consist_v of_o various_a filament_n and_o be_v that_o which_o the_o ancient_n make_v their_o perpetual_a lamp_n with_o i_o have_v see_v cloth_n and_o paper_n make_v of_o this_o which_o will_v stand_v fire_n and_o doubtless_o it_o will_v be_v high_o worth_a the_o while_n of_o some_o of_o our_o ingenious_a mechanic_n to_o make_v far_a essay_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v call_v by_o some_o the_o salamander_n wool_n because_o as_o i_o imagine_v like_o that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o flame_n junker_fw-ge and_o etmuller_n give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o its_o principle_n and_o likewise_o of_o some_o trial_n they_o have_v make_v upon_o it_o i_o shall_v therefore_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o those_o author_n it_o be_v use_v by_o some_o physician_n in_o unguent_n in_o distemper_n of_o the_o nerve_n but_o for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v see_v what_o use_v it_o can_v be_v of_o in_o those_o case_n i_o can_v conceive_v how_o so_o sluggish_a and_o unactive_a a_o body_n can_v penetrate_v and_o open_v the_o obstruction_n of_o the_o nerve_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o its_o particle_n shall_v be_v absorb_v by_o the_o capillary_a vessel_n
a_o great_a measure_n depend_v upon_o the_o magnitude_n and_o number_n of_o their_o pore_n and_o according_a to_o those_o various_o subside_v conformable_a to_o these_o phaenomena_n be_v moses_n history_n of_o the_o creation_n where_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n move_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n but_o these_o last_o word_n be_v more_o apt_o express_v by_o junius_n and_o tremellius_n those_o two_o great_a master_n of_o the_o hebrew_n language_n who_o from_o the_o hebrew_n text_n translate_v it_o not_o movebat_fw-la but_o spiritus_fw-la dei_fw-la incubabat_fw-la superficiei_fw-la aquarum_fw-la that_o be_v the_o spirit_n of_o god_n brood_a upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n a_o metaphor_n take_v from_o a_o fowl_n hatch_n her_o young_a one_o the_o explication_n of_o which_o text_n 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clear_a that_o a_o hour_n in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o same_o as_o now_o in_o the_o computation_n of_o time_n and_o that_o dial_n of_o ahaz_n where_o the_o miracle_n be_v wrought_v of_o the_o sun_n be_v go_v back_o ten_o degree_n seem_v to_o confirm_v that_o the_o jew_n in_o those_o day_n compute_v time_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n for_o all_o interpreter_n agree_v those_o degree_n be_v the_o indices_fw-la of_o such_o part_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o description_n that_o pancirollus_n give_v we_o of_o a_o instrument_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n far_o evince_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n they_o take_v say_v he_o a_o vessel_n make_v of_o glass_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o be_v a_o narrow_a hole_n do_v about_o with_o gold_n lest_o the_o water_n shall_v wear_v it_o away_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v draw_v a_o right_a line_n have_v the_o 12_o hour_n set_v upon_o it_o after_o which_o they_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o water_n which_o issue_v 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not_o far_o to_o insist_v upon_o this_o point_n i_o shall_v then_o proceed_v to_o explain_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o year_n the_o word_n annus_fw-la or_o year_n in_o the_o three_o ancient_a language_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o thing_n that_o turn_v round_o or_o a_o circle_n for_o so_o much_o the_o hebrew_n word_n do_v signify_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hence_o the_o egyptian_n represent_v the_o year_n by_o a_o snake_n bite_v its_o tail_n but_o whether_o a_o lunar_a or_o solar_a year_n be_v mean_v by_o the_o patriarch_n be_v next_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o turk_n and_o arabian_n use_v the_o lunar_a year_n and_o the_o same_o custom_n be_v observe_v in_o tartary_n siam_n japan_n peru_n and_o in_o other_o place_n but_o kepler_n allege_v that_o the_o jew_n after_o their_o departure_n out_o of_o egypt_n use_v only_o the_o solar_a year_n the_o patriarch_n say_v he_o use_v the_o egyptian_a year_n of_o 365_o day_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o 12_o month_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o jewish_a year_n until_o the_o grecian_a monarchy_n be_v whole_o solar_a that_o all_o their_o month_n save_o the_o last_o consist_v of_o 30_o day_n and_o josephus_n write_v that_o there_o be_v no_o innovation_n in_o their_o rite_n as_o to_o their_o year_n wherefore_o from_o the_o afore-recited_n authority_n and_o likewise_o from_o the_o jewish_a and_o egyptian_a hieroglyphical_a representation_n of_o a_o year_n it_o be_v high_o reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o year_n speak_v of_o by_o the_o patriarch_n be_v solar_a year_n or_o 12_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n perfect_v its_o course_n in_o the_o zodiac_n so_o that_o what_o some_o have_v offer_v to_o prove_v a_o hour_n or_o month_n to_o be_v a_o year_n among_o the_o ancient_n be_v groundless_a and_o be_v only_o a_o metaphorical_a allusion_n to_o a_o custom_n very_o frequent_a in_o the_o
eastern_a country_n to_o conclude_v from_o all_o the_o recite_v phaenomena_n if_o we_o will_v but_o appeal_v to_o our_o sense_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o moses_n narrative_a of_o the_o deluge_n be_v not_o only_o the_o most_o true_a but_o the_o most_o complete_a i_o can_v therefore_o but_o admire_v at_o the_o theorist_n and_o mr._n whiston_n who_o affirm_v that_o before_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v no_o mountain_n in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o argument_n they_o offer_v be_v no_o way_n conclusive_a but_o bare_o hypothetical_n a_o mere_a beg_n of_o the_o question_n they_o have_v indeed_o supply_v we_o with_o polite_a scheme_n and_o witty_a allegory_n and_o where_o they_o do_v not_o by_o dint_n of_o reason_n convince_v we_o like_o siren_n by_o their_o wit_n they_o charm_v we_o but_o it_o be_v not_o paint_v that_o can_v long_o preserve_v the_o feature_n after_o that_o be_v once_o discover_v the_o face_n appear_v more_o deform_v i_o can_v no_o more_o think_v the_o world_n before_o the_o deluge_n be_v form_v like_o a_o egg_n or_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n or_o that_o upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o shell_n the_o water_n gush_v out_o and_o overwhelm_v the_o globe_n than_o i_o can_v espouse_v that_o wild_a notion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n who_o fancy_v himself_o a_o egg_n and_o dread_v lest_o the_o heaven_n shall_v fall_v and_o destroy_v he_o what_o moses_n have_v deliver_v upon_o that_o subject_a exact_o quadrate_v with_o nature_n and_o from_o his_o history_n it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o there_o be_v mountain_n before_o the_o flood_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n he_o say_v the_o water_n prevail_v exceed_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o the_o high_a hill_n that_o be_v under_o the_o whole_a heaven_n be_v cover_v fifteen_o cubit_n upward_o do_v the_o water_n prevail_v and_o the_o mountain_n be_v cover_v whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o before_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v mountain_n otherwise_o how_o can_v they_o be_v cover_v he_o may_v as_o well_o reconcile_v the_o contradiction_n of_o a_o man_n cover_v his_o head_n with_o his_o hat_n when_o he_o have_v none_o upon_o his_o shoulder_n and_o the_o one_o absurdity_n be_v as_o easy_o defend_v as_o the_o other_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n that_o inspire_v philosopher_n very_o clear_o convey_v to_o we_o the_o beginning_n progress_n and_o conclusion_n of_o the_o deluge_n all_o which_o thorough_o consider_v one_o will_v think_v to_o any_o unbiased_a person_n be_v argument_n too_o plain_a and_o convince_a to_o be_v obviate_v for_o let_v we_o take_v he_o bare_o and_o literal_o as_o a_o historian_n where_o he_o acquaint_v we_o that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_a be_v break_v open_a the_o window_n or_o the_o cloud_n of_o heaven_n pour_v down_o their_o water_n for_o it_o rain_v forty_o day_n and_o forty_o night_n what_o can_v we_o imagine_v those_o fountain_n to_o be_v but_o the_o fresh_n separate_v by_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sea_n which_o upon_o those_o convulsion_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o it_o be_v break_v open_a issue_v forth_o upon_o its_o surface_n and_o then_o that_o great_a fall_n of_o water_n from_o the_o cloud_n which_o doubtless_o incessant_o and_o vehement_o pour_v down_o night_n and_o day_n join_v with_o they_o may_v easy_o cause_v that_o general_a inundation_n to_o those_o that_o allege_v the_o deficiency_n of_o the_o water_n to_o accomplish_v so_o universal_a a_o flood_n let_v we_o by_o plain_a text_n and_o demonstration_n answer_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a than_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a which_o plain_o show_v as_o be_v assert_v before_o that_o this_o globe_n be_v a_o mere_a immense_a liquid_a for_o the_o earth_n sure_o will_v have_v have_v a_o form_n though_o darkness_n have_v be_v upon_o it_o have_v it_o then_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o water_n but_o upon_o their_o subsidence_n dry_a land_n appear_v and_o receive_v a_o form_n wherefore_o then_o by_o a_o very_a reasonable_a consequence_n can_v not_o that_o power_n that_o make_v the_o first_o great_a separation_n of_o fluid_n from_o solid_n once_o again_o cover_v all_o with_o fluids_n or_o why_o can_v not_o the_o same_o proportionate_a quantity_n of_o liquids_n that_o can_v dilute_v such_o a_o mass_n of_o solid_n once_o again_o overwhelm_v they_o but_o where_o be_v then_o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o total_a dissolution_n of_o all_o the_o strata_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o deluge_n or_o why_o must_v all_o again_o return_v to_o its_o primitive_a chaos_n without_o form_n beside_o the_o evidence_n of_o all_o the_o recite_v phaenomena_n moses_n very_o ready_o clear_v that_o difficulty_n for_o chap._n 7._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o ark_n be_v lift_v up_o above_o the_o earth_n that_o all_o the_o high_a hill_n and_o mountain_n be_v cover_v which_o lift_v or_o float_v of_o the_o ark_n above_o the_o earth_n and_o cover_v of_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n seem_v to_o be_v very_a dissonant_n to_o a_o dissolution_n not_o but_o that_o a_o strange_a catastrophe_n occur_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o resistless_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n which_o give_v so_o many_o evidence_n of_o their_o power_n and_o universality_n at_o that_o time_n again_o chap._n 8._o the_o water_n return_v from_o off_o the_o earth_n not_o separate_v as_o at_o the_o creation_n and_o again_o that_o they_o decrease_v continual_o till_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v see_v upon_o the_o whole_a i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o any_o shall_v so_o elaborate_o endeavour_v to_o answer_v difficulty_n where_o none_o present_v themselves_o and_o that_o by_o so_o quaint_a a_o method_n as_o to_o amuse_v the_o reader_n by_o start_v great_a have_v now_o from_o observation_n in_o nature_n and_o divine_a history_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o deluge_n that_o we_o may_v form_v some_o idea_n of_o it_o i_o think_v it_o not_o inconsistent_a with_o my_o design_n to_o insert_v the_o follow_a phaenomenon_n about_o three_o year_n ago_o near_o hide_v in_o cheshire_n happen_v a_o unusual_a flood_n which_o overwhelm_v the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n and_o violent_o break_v in_o at_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o coal-pit_n the_o water_n in_o its_o impetuous_a current_n through_o the_o hollow_n force_v the_o air_n before_o it_o which_o when_o pen_v up_o in_o the_o extremity_n of_o those_o passage_n by_o its_o elasticity_n divide_v a_o solid_a rock_n at_o least_o 20_o yard_n perpendicular_a the_o water_n over_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o field_n appear_v in_o large_a column_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o spout_n in_o africa_n when_o have_v spend_v its_o force_n the_o rock_n close_v again_o and_o all_o over_o the_o field_n be_v to_o be_v see_v various_a piece_n of_o coal_n scatter_v hence_o we_o may_v imagine_v when_o all_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o deep_a be_v break_v up_o and_o the_o cloud_n pour_v down_o their_o water_n in_o continue_a cataract_n for_o forty_o day_n and_o night_n in_o so_o strange_a a_o convulsion_n i_o say_v from_o the_o recite_v phaenomenon_n we_o may_v form_v some_o inadequate_a idea_n how_o that_o terrible_a destruction_n be_v accomplish_v and_o since_o we_o be_v treat_v of_o flood_n i_o think_v it_o a_o pardonable_a digression_n if_o i_o give_v a_o account_n of_o a_o spout_v see_v by_o my_o brother_n within_o these_o two_o year_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o virginia_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o as_o he_o affirm_v be_v like_o a_o spire-steeple_n invert_v and_o hang_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n from_o the_o cloud_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o afterward_o divide_v and_o then_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o a_o most_o violent_a commotion_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o flower_a of_o the_o water_n as_o he_o style_v it_o the_o low_a pillar_n hang_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n but_o at_o length_n vanish_v the_o upper_a part_n from_o the_o cloud_n remain_v long_a his_o conjecture_n be_v that_o the_o spout_n be_v not_o a_o column_n of_o water_n that_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n but_o a_o cloud_n only_o that_o hang_v down_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o he_o give_v these_o reason_n for_o it_o first_o because_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pillar_n continue_v much_o long_o than_o the_o low_a part_n after_o its_o division_n in_o the_o second_o place_n before_o the_o spout_n appear_v the_o air_n be_v extreme_o dark_a and_o by_o that_o the_o seaman_n predict_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o spout_n what_o former_a account_n we_o have_v of_o spout_n in_o author_n be_v different_a from_o this_o whether_o therefore_o there_o may_v be_v various_a sort_n of_o spout_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v as_o be_v foreign_a to_o this_o undertake_n dampier_n confirm_v
entire_a without_o the_o least_o perforation_n now_o i_o say_v consider_v the_o minuteness_n of_o the_o vessel_n that_o convey_v nourishment_n to_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o apple_n which_o be_v much_o small_a sure_a than_o those_o that_o bring_v milk_n to_o the_o breast_n in_o human_a body_n by_o the_o same_o parity_n of_o reason_n we_o may_v affirm_v that_o the_o ova_fw-mi be_v introduce_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infant_n by_o the_o chyle_n w_o ch_n it_o receive_v from_o the_o breast_n but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v object_v if_o the_o various_a substance_n of_o creature_n be_v include_v in_o minimis_fw-la in_o their_o distinct_a seed_n what_o necessity_n be_v there_o for_o these_o ova_fw-mi to_o this_o i_o reply_v though_o malpighius_n and_o lewenhoeck_n have_v discover_v animalcules_n in_o the_o seed_n of_o divers_a animal_n and_o in_o a_o late_a transaction_n in_o human_a seed_n there_o be_v delineate_v different_a growth_n of_o they_o that_o although_o i_o shall_v grant_v this_o yet_o i_o affirm_v that_o these_o animalcules_n can_v never_o arrive_v to_o perfection_n until_o they_o be_v deposit_v in_o their_o proper_a ova_n and_o there_o they_o receive_v their_o nutriment_n and_o this_o be_v not_o only_o evident_a in_o infect_v but_o even_o in_o fish_n bird_n quadrupedes_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o mankind_n itself_o as_o to_o frog_n they_o generate_v in_o egg_n the_o first_o formation_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v in_o a_o black_a speck_n adhere_v to_o the_o ouum_fw-la after_o they_o be_v enliven_v they_o have_v long_o small_a tail_n and_o be_v then_o call_v bull-head_n in_o a_o little_a time_n this_o shapeless_a cover_v be_v throw_v off_o and_o their_o perfect_a shape_n be_v disclose_v they_o have_v a_o peculiar_a membrana_fw-la nictitans_fw-la with_o which_o they_o cover_v the_o whole_a eye_n which_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o point_n of_o reed_n rush_n and_o prickle_n which_o otherwise_o may_v injure_v they_o they_o will_v lie_v with_o their_o lung_n expanded_a a_o long_a time_n squeeze_v out_o the_o air_n by_o degree_n and_o so_o it_o be_v they_o continue_v under_o water_n so_o long_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n they_o have_v a_o membrane_n which_o close_v their_o mouth_n it_o be_v wonderful_a how_o long_o a_o time_n they_o sleep_v in_o the_o water_n without_o any_o food_n their_o mouth_n be_v still_o close_v by_o this_o membrane_n but_o jacobaeus_fw-la a_o danish_a physician_n assure_v we_o that_o they_o have_v two_o peculiar_a vessel_n which_o carry_v nothing_o but_o fat_a which_o he_o imagine_v nourish_v they_o in_o that_o interval_n but_o this_o be_v spend_v the_o blood_n grow_v sharp_a and_o then_o by_o its_o irritation_n they_o immediate_o awake_v in_o consumptive_a case_n the_o young_a one_o be_v frequent_o make_v use_n of_o in_o france_n and_z as_o i_o have_v be_v often_o tell_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n with_o great_a success_n i_o do_v judge_n that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o snail_n be_v prescribe_v in_o those_o case_n these_o may_v be_v also_o both_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o a_o viscid_a mucilage_n which_o probable_o may_v sheathe_v the_o acid_a salt_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o in_o the_o first_o place_n coagulate_v the_o serum_n convert_v the_o lympha_fw-la into_o a_o size_n as_o may_v be_v frequent_o see_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o blood_n take_v from_o consumptive_a person_n and_o so_o have_v reduce_v it_o to_o that_o cross_a consistence_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o it_o may_v raise_v obstruction_n in_o the_o lung_n whence_o ensue_v nodes_fw-la tubercle_n and_o at_o last_o imposthumation_n many_o of_o the_o small_a bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v distend_v beyond_o their_o natural_a tone_n and_o at_o last_o break_v one_o into_o another_o there_o be_v a_o water_n distil_v from_o the_o spawn_n of_o these_o frequent_o and_o with_o success_n likewise_o use_v in_o spit_v of_o blood_n for_o which_o in_o some_o measure_n the_o same_o cause_n may_v be_v assign_v as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n but_o i_o have_v often_o wonder_v why_o plaster_n of_o these_o be_v so_o frequent_o prescribe_v in_o most_o of_o the_o scrofulous_a case_n not_o only_o in_o our_o own_o dispensatories_n but_o in_o foreign_a likewise_o but_o it_o may_v be_v that_o in_o the_o mucilage_n of_o these_o there_o may_v be_v enveloped_v volatile_a alcalious_a salt_n that_o may_v destroy_v those_o acid_n in_o the_o blood_n which_o so_o incrustate_n the_o serum_n that_o it_o obstruct_v the_o gland_n and_o so_o make_v they_o scrofulous_a this_o i_o rather_o surmise_v because_o i_o know_v by_o repeat_v instance_n that_o from_o the_o mucilage_n of_o several_a plant_n who_o virtue_n have_v be_v always_o suppose_v to_o consist_v in_o that_o because_o it_o be_v easy_o prepare_v from_o they_o a_o volatile_a alkalious_a salt_n may_v be_v separate_v and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o in_o a_o vegetable_a why_o not_o in_o a_o animal_n likewise_o there_o only_o remain_v one_o observation_n more_o relate_v to_o this_o creature_n upon_o which_o i_o shall_v descant_v a_o little_a and_o then_o not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n further_o and_o that_o be_v to_o show_v what_o that_o substance_n be_v which_o be_v vulgar_o call_v star-slime_n whether_o the_o frog_n spawn_n as_o some_o imagine_v or_o a_o meteor_n that_o fall_v from_o the_o air_n as_o other_o allege_v or_o last_o a_o body_n that_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o these_o i_o shall_v examine_v in_o their_o several_a order_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o spawn_n of_o a_o frog_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o subsequent_a argument_n because_o it_o be_v frequent_o find_v in_o those_o season_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o the_o frog_n do_v not_o spawn_n as_o in_o winter_n nor_o do_v it_o seem_v probable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o meteor_n because_o i_o do_v think_v that_o no_o man_n can_v experimental_o aver_v that_o he_o ever_o see_v such_o a_o substance_n fall_v from_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o doubtless_o in_o some_o generation_n will_v have_v happen_v have_v the_o production_n of_o it_o be_v in_o that_o manner_n it_o remain_v therefore_o in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o we_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v a_o mucilage_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v usual_o in_o low_a moist_a ground_n and_o what_o be_v say_v in_o relation_n to_o this_o may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n be_v apply_v to_o that_o substance_n vulgar_o call_v faries_n butter_n both_o of_o which_o as_o i_o suppose_v may_v in_o small_a portion_n be_v raise_v by_o a_o subterraneous_a heat_n but_o successive_o condense_v into_o that_o body_n in_o which_o we_o find_v they_o by_o the_o intense_a coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n have_v finish_v my_o observation_n in_o reference_n to_o frog_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o what_o i_o propose_v and_o that_o be_v to_o make_v some_o remark_n upon_o the_o toad_n as_o this_o creature_n like_o the_o viper_n contain_v one_o of_o the_o great_a poison_n in_o the_o universe_n so_o like_o that_o also_o it_o supply_v we_o with_o the_o rich_a cordial_n i_o have_v in_o the_o late_a pestilential_a fever_n see_v repeat_v instance_n which_o demonstrate_v the_o truth_n of_o these_o in_o a_o low_a vermiculate_v pulse_n so_o call_v from_o the_o analogy_n it_o bear_v to_o the_o creep_a of_o a_o worm_n a_o melancholy_a hieroglyphic_n to_o show_v a_o man_n by_o what_o reptile_n he_o be_v just_a a_o hurry_v to_o be_v devour_v by_o give_v plentiful_a dose_n of_o a_o powder_n prepare_v from_o these_o many_o have_v be_v snatch_v from_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o eternity_n nor_o have_v it_o less_o frequent_o in_o more_o linger_a and_o tedious_a distemper_n afford_v we_o a_o easy_a and_o a_o large_a reprieve_n i_o have_v by_o the_o repeat_v take_v of_o this_o medicine_n in_o hydropic_a case_n see_v the_o life_n of_o many_o for_o several_a year_n protract_v so_o that_o as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n it_o save_v we_o from_o perish_v by_o the_o scorch_a heat_n of_o a_o fever_n so_o it_o do_v in_o the_o latter_a likewise_o keep_v we_o from_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n of_o a_o dropsy_n the_o taste_n of_o it_o if_o right_o prepare_v be_v a_o little_a acid_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o volatile_a alcalious_a salt_n and_o it_o be_v i_o presume_v in_o these_o case_n by_o attenuate_v the_o viscid_n serum_n of_o the_o blood_n that_o it_o produce_v these_o wonderful_a effect_n i_o have_v be_v late_o inform_v by_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n as_o well_o as_o integrity_n that_o in_o the_o fever_n before_o recite_v large_a dose_n of_o laudanum_n have_v effect_v the_o same_o thing_n a_o practice_n modern_a to_o what_o have_v be_v former_o lay_v down_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o give_v of_o this_o in_o so_o large_a
quantity_n be_v ground_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n upon_o experiment_n try_v with_o a_o solution_n of_o laudanum_n by_o inject_v it_o into_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n which_o be_v always_o find_v to_o make_v it_o fluid_a and_o if_o so_o to_o i_o the_o method_n seem_v rational_a some_o year_n ago_o i_o lay_v down_o some_o argument_n in_o the_o exercitation_n i_o print_v at_o oxford_n account_v for_o the_o cause_n and_o cure_n of_o that_o distemper_n from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a beyond_o contradiction_n that_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n in_o that_o distemper_n be_v coagulate_v and_o this_o may_v full_o hint_n to_o we_o what_o i_o shall_v afterward_o make_v out_o viz._n that_o opium_n by_o its_o acrid_a salt_n make_v the_o mass_n of_o blood_n too_o fluid_a become_v poisonous_a or_o else_o because_o the_o point_n of_o this_o too_o much_o contract_v the_o fibrillae_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o so_o obstruct_v the_o separation_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o by_o crass_a feculent_a particle_n it_o shall_v effect_v these_o matter_n since_o it_o be_v abundant_o know_v to_o be_v a_o most_o note_a diaphoretic_n and_o consequent_o a_o medicine_n who_o ingredient_n be_v volatile_a and_o it_o be_v therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o that_o in_o the_o confluent_a pock_n it_o be_v of_o that_o extraordinary_a use_n viz._n by_o attenuate_v the_o serum_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v almost_o convert_v to_o a_o putrid_a pus_fw-la much_o more_o may_v be_v add_v in_o relation_n to_o this_o but_o i_o hasten_v to_o some_o other_o observation_n and_o so_o shall_v close_v this_o chapter_n and_o those_o be_v chief_o concern_v butterfly_n bee_n hornet_n and_o the_o heminen_n or_o the_o american_n or_o hum_n bird._n the_o butterfly_n by_o the_o ingenious_a and_o industrious_a mr._n james_n pettifer_n of_o london_n as_o to_o the_o description_n of_o they_o be_v range_v into_o that_o accurate_a order_n that_o it_o will_v be_v but_o superfluous_a to_o add_v any_o thing_n in_o relation_n to_o that_o matter_n wherefore_o since_o the_o preparation_n from_o they_o yield_v we_o not_o any_o thing_n material_a and_o their_o generation_n have_v be_v full_o account_v for_o by_o other_o i_o shall_v pass_v they_o over_o as_o likewise_o the_o bee_n their_o government_n generation_n sting_n and_o honey_n have_v be_v before_o account_v for_o by_o so_o many_o various_a and_o learned_a hand_n however_o i_o shall_v make_v some_o few_o remark_n by_o what_o a_o wonderful_a but_o natural_a chemistry_n they_o elaborate_v their_o honey_n and_o how_o though_o seem_o dead_a they_o revive_v and_o last_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o heminen_n so_o wonderful_a be_v the_o structure_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o these_o infect_v and_o so_o different_o modify_v that_o the_o various_a juice_n which_o they_o suck_v and_o extract_v from_o plant_n that_o the_o great_a bitter_a they_o convert_v into_o one_o of_o the_o sweet_a extract_n and_o the_o rank_a of_o poison_n into_o one_o of_o the_o most_o balsamic_a medicine_n with_o what_o little_a reason_n therefore_o do_v some_o so_o vehement_o inveigh_v against_o our_o chemical_a preparation_n as_o not_o safe_a or_o agreeable_a to_o human_a constitution_n since_o we_o see_v one_o of_o the_o mean_a of_o infect_v do_v so_o full_o evince_v the_o contrary_n can_v i_o see_v that_o creature_n imbibe_v the_o juice_n of_o the_o most_o poisonous_a vegetable_a and_o convert_v it_o to_o a_o safe_a and_o a_o palatable_a medicine_n and_o not_o allow_v to_o man_n that_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o his_o exalt_a reason_n be_v able_a so_o far_o to_o correct_v the_o poison_n of_o a_o metal_n or_o mineral_n that_o it_o shall_v become_v a_o safe_a medicine_n sure_o he_o that_o of_o human_a kind_a have_v these_o apprehension_n either_o want_v a_o public_a genius_n to_o exert_v its_o faculty_n for_o the_o good_a of_o mankind_n in_o general_n or_o that_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o rest_v satisfy_v in_o the_o ignorant_a tradition_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o at_o last_o be_v entomb_v in_o cimmerian_a darkness_n i_o shall_v now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n assign_v some_o reason_n how_o after_o be_v seem_o drown_v in_o water_n or_o suffocate_v by_o the_o steam_n of_o brimstone_n they_o will_v revive_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o air_n be_v not_o convey_v into_o the_o body_n of_o these_o infect_v either_o by_o the_o mouth_n or_o any_o nostril_n they_o not_o be_v supply_v with_o lung_n but_o have_v its_o admission_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n if_o these_o therefore_o either_o be_v implete_v with_o water_n or_o their_o orifice_n purse_v up_o by_o the_o restringency_n of_o a_o acid_n as_o in_o that_o of_o sulphur_n it_o be_v then_o that_o the_o bee_n lie_v as_o if_o dead_a the_o animal_n spirit_n in_o her_o wonderful_a vessel_n be_v deprive_v of_o a_o fresh_a supply_n from_o the_o air_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o humid_a particle_n be_v either_o scatter_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n or_o that_o the_o orifice_n of_o their_o constringed_a pore_n recover_v their_o natural_a tone_n it_o be_v then_o if_o the_o spirit_n expand_v themselves_o again_o that_o this_o insect_n seem_v as_o it_o be_v reanimated_n the_o heminen_n or_o hum_n bird_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o ply_v about_o a_o flower_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o bee_n and_o have_v a_o proboscis_n like_o that_o of_o a_o bee_n and_o be_v much_o about_o the_o size_n of_o the_o large_a of_o that_o fort_n yet_o this_o creature_n never_o produce_v honey_n and_o the_o reason_n i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o because_o that_o bird_n have_v viscera_n and_o bowel_n like_o other_o bird_n which_o the_o bee_n have_v not_o and_o therefore_o the_o digestion_n be_v different_a so_o must_v the_o effect_n be_v likewise_o the_o sting_n of_o the_o hornet_n and_o bee_n be_v full_o account_v for_o by_o other_o wherefore_o i_o shall_v close_v this_o chapter_n chap._n ix_o of_o bird_n these_o county_n afford_v we_o great_a variety_n of_o bird_n and_o in_o some_o place_n even_o clog_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o their_o plenty_n among_o the_o rest_n the_o barnacle_n be_v very_o common_a and_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o generation_n have_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o controversy_n i_o shall_v recite_v my_o observation_n upon_o it_o and_o endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v that_o point_n it_o be_v observable_a of_o our_o ship_n which_o trade_n to_o the_o west-indies_n that_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o small_a shell-fish_n often_o adhere_v to_o they_o at_o the_o first_o view_v not_o much_o unlike_a young_a goose_n these_o for_o several_a age_n have_v pass_v for_o barnacle_n not_o only_o among_o the_o vulgar_a but_o man_n of_o learn_v likewise_o wherefore_o to_o set_v thing_n in_o their_o true_a light_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v the_o anatomy_n of_o this_o shellfish_n resemble_v the_o barnacle_n and_o afterward_o that_o of_o the_o real_a bird_n and_o then_o lie_v down_o some_o reason_n to_o show_v the_o impossibility_n of_o their_o be_v breed_v after_o the_o manner_n former_o receive_v this_o shell_n stick_v to_o the_o outward_a plank_n of_o ship_n by_o a_o glutinous_a matter_n it_o resemble_v the_o head_n of_o a_o goose_n to_o which_o there_o be_v a_o neck_n annex_v yet_o this_o neck_n be_v not_o consert_v to_o the_o body_n but_o terminate_v immediate_o within_o the_o shell_n whence_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o barnacle_n in_o embryo_n within_o the_o shell_n be_v claw_n with_o hair_n like_o those_o of_o lobster_n wound_v within_o one_o another_o in_o spiral_n line_n and_o be_v not_o very_o unlike_a the_o wing_n of_o a_o goose_n but_o these_o i_o find_v to_o be_v perfect_a shell_n and_o not_o quill_n or_o feather_n whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o can_v not_o appertain_v to_o the_o barnacle_n that_o be_v of_o the_o feather_a kind_a these_o shell-fish_n be_v observable_a upon_o 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the_o seacoast_n and_o be_v very_o good_a meat_n the_o water-hen_n be_v common_a in_o pond_n and_o meers_n but_o not_o much_o regard_v because_o esteem_v unpleasant_a food_n the_o rale_n be_v a_o bird_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o partridge_n and_o be_v common_a in_o these_o part_n it_o hide_v itself_o in_o the_o grass_n and_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o snarl_a noise_n that_o it_o continual_o make_v it_o be_v very_o excellent_a food_n and_o doubtless_o of_o extraordinary_a nutriment_n the_o quail_n be_v likewise_o common_a and_o general_o extraordinary_a fat_a and_o eat_v delicate_o the_o razor-bill_n be_v sometime_o observe_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n so_o call_v from_o the_o similitude_n which_o its_o beak_n bear_v to_o a_o razor_n but_o this_o bird_n be_v more_o common_a in_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n than_o here_o the_o last_o winter_n at_o a_o place_n call_v durton_n near_o preston_n in_o lancashire_n i_o have_v a_o divert_v relation_n of_o a_o small_a bird_n in_o shape_n 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number_n of_o person_n of_o undoubted_a credit_n who_o be_v eye-witness_n of_o the_o fact_n so_o that_o the_o truth_n be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v from_o this_o passage_n many_o conjecture_n arise_v but_o that_o not_o be_v a_o matter_n relate_v to_o natural_a history_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o they_o whoever_o please_v may_v make_v their_o presage_n from_o this_o as_o the_o roman_n do_v of_o old_a from_o the_o peck_v of_o chicken_n however_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o redness_n of_o the_o habit_n may_v be_v to_o this_o bird_n as_o a_o cloth_n of_o that_o colour_n be_v a_o lure_n to_o a_o hawk_n and_o here_o all_o their_o surprise_v interpretation_n may_v centre_n seagull_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o the_o great_a gull_n be_v near_o as_o large_a as_o a_o goose_n the_o lesser_a about_o the_o bulk_n of_o a_o partridge_n they_o both_o live_v upon_o small_a fish_n which_o they_o frequent_o take_v up_o in_o the_o shallow_n and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a divert_v sight_n to_o see_v they_o mount_v and_o hover_v in_o the_o air_n spy_v out_o their_o prey_n which_o discover_v they_o strike_v instant_o into_o the_o water_n take_v it_o up_o in_o their_o pounce_n convey_v it_o to_o shore_n and_o there_o feed_v upon_o it_o these_o bird_n frequent_o pursue_v one_o another_o in_o their_o flight_n and_o if_o in_o pursuit_n one_o gull_n happen_v to_o mute_n the_o excrement_n be_v frequent_o catch_v by_o the_o other_o and_o swallow_v it_o be_v my_o opinion_n that_o oftentimes_o the_o apous_a a_o fish_n not_o whole_o digest_v may_v be_v eject_v which_o be_v the_o allurement_n of_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi so_o eager_o to_o devour_v their_o feces_n there_o be_v vast_a quantity_n of_o these_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o walney_n particular_o in_o the_o breeding-time_n the_o whole_a island_n be_v near_o cover_v with_o egg_n or_o young-ones_a so_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o passable_a without_o injure_v they_o their_o taste_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o ungrateful_a and_o therefore_o not_o much_o regard_v the_o sea-py_n be_v very_o common_a they_o be_v bird_n of_o the_o colour_n and_o about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o magpie_n and_o be_v a_o very_a agreeable_a food_n the_o red-shank_n and_o perr_v be_v common_a likewise_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n and_o be_v relish_v food_n wild-duck_n goose_n and_o teal_n be_v very_o plentiful_a but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n of_o the_o wild-duck_n be_v their_o way_n of_o feed_v they_o at_o bold_a in_o lancashire_n great_a quantity_n of_o these_o bird_n breed_v in_o the_o summer-season_n in_o pit_n and_o pond_n within_o the_o demesne_n which_o probable_o may_v entice_v they_o to_o make_v their_o visit_n in_o the_o winter_n they_o oftentimes_o adventure_v to_o come_v into_o the_o moat_n near_o the_o hall_n which_o a_o person_n accustom_v to_o feed_v they_o perceive_v he_o beat_v with_o a_o stone_n on_o a_o hollow_a wood_n vessel_n the_o duck_n answer_v to_o the_o sound_n and_o come_v quite_o round_o he_o upon_o a_o hill_n adjoin_v to_o the_o water_n he_o scatter_v corn_n among_o they_o which_o they_o take_v with_o as_o much_o quietness_n and_o familiarity_n as_o tame_a one_o when_o feed_v they_o take_v their_o flight_n to_o the_o river_n meers_n and_o salt-marsh_n swan_n be_v common_a in_o these_o part_n but_o more_o particular_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n and_o upon_o martin-mere_a near_o poulton_n in_o lancashire_n the_o cygnet_n be_v very_o good_a food_n but_o the_o old_a one_o not_o tolerable_a sometime_o there_o be_v bird_n not_o common_a in_o these_o part_n bring_v hither_o by_o storm_n as_o be_v hint_v before_o particular_o about_o two_o year_n ago_o by_o a_o violent_a hail_n storm_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v a_o bird_n all_o white_a except_o only_o a_o short_a red_a beak_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pigeon_n and_o by_o what_o i_o observe_v of_o it_o i_o can_v apprehend_v it_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o our_o traveller_n call_v the_o tropic-bird_n meet_v with_o usual_o in_o cross_v that_o line_n the_o kings-fisher_n and_o heyhough_o be_v likewise_o common_a enough_o as_o be_v the_o fieldfeir_n and_o woodcock_n which_o visit_v we_o in_o wintertime_n and_o then_o return_v northwards_o they_o be_v say_v to_o breed_v in_o cold_a clime_n as_o in_o the_o highland_n in_o scotland_n norway_n russia_n and_o sweden_n and_o such_o like_a part_n it_o be_v probable_a therefore_o when_o those_o country_n be_v bury_v in_o snow_n and_o the_o brook_n and_o rivers_n freeze_v up_o that_o they_o take_v their_o flight_n hither_o the_o cuckoo_n and_o swallow_n leave_v we_o in_o winter_n the_o opinion_n of_o some_o be_v that_o they_o sleep_v during_o that_o season_n and_o they_o ground_n their_o conjecture_n upon_o find_v many_o of_o they_o in_o hollow_a tree_n and_o subterraneous_a vault_n but_o why_o these_o may_v not_o as_o well_o pursue_v the_o heat_n as_o the_o other_o be_v the_o query_n i_o have_v not_o dissect_v any_o of_o they_o take_v from_o their_o profound_a dormitory_n so_o i_o pretend_v not_o to_o decide_v that_o controversy_n errata_fw-la in_o the_o first_o book_n in_o the_o second_o epistle_n dedicatory_a l._n 2._o for_o respect_n r._n respect_n in_o the_o preface_n l._n 3._o for_o coal_n r._n boles_n pag._n 2._o l._n 9_o for_o cerialis_n r._n cerealis_n p._n 3._o l._n 17._o for_o britain_n r._n britain_n and_o so_o wherever_o you_o meet_v with_o it_o p._n 5._o last_v l._n after_o brigantine_n r._n of_o rover_n etc._n etc._n p._n 8._o l._n 26._o for_o wise_a r._n way_n ibid._n l._n 30_o before_o shall_v r._n it_o p._n 10._o l._n 8._o after_o mountain_n a_o comma_n instead_o of_o a_o colon._n p._n 13._o l._n 11._o for_o after_o r._n by_o ibid._n l._n 33._o for_o yorkshire_n r._n york_n p._n 18._o l._n 9_o for_o nor_o r._n not_o p._n 19_o l._n 5._o for_o nor_o r._n neither_o ibid._n l._n 6._o for_o neither_o r._n nor_o p._n 20._o l._n 6._o deal_n for_o and_o r._n the_o build_n of_o p._n 23._o l._n 35._o for_o easy_a r._n easy_a p._n 24._o l._n 17._o after_o lightness_n r._n or_o coldness_n etc._n etc._n p._n 32._o l._n 32._o after_o consider_v r._n of_o which_o p._n 33._o l._n 35._o for_o comsumption_n r._n consumption_n p._n 36._o l._n 6._o after_o vulgar_o insert_v call_v ibid._n l._n 20._o deal_n that_o ibid._n l._n 21._o deal_n they_o p._n 40._o l._n 6._o after_o tedious_a insert_v that_o p._n 41._o l._n 23._o for_o wise_a r._n way_n p._n 43._o l._n 5._o for_o wise_a r._n way_n p._n 44._o l._n 1._o deal_n that_o p._n 45._o l._n 3._o for_o furnace_n r._n furness_n p._n 50._o l._n ult_n for_o stiriae_fw-la r._n striae_fw-la p._n 51._o l._n 16._o after_o thence_o insert_v it_o ibid._n p._n and_o l._n after_o follow_v insert_v to_o be_v p._n 52._o l._n 2._o for_o
have_v be_v no_o section_n make_v at_o b._n but_o the_o part_n below_o b._n to_o the_o body_n increase_v not_o at_o all_o figure_n five_o represent_v a_o young_a hazet_n cut_v into_o the_o body_n with_o a_o deep_a gash_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n above_o and_o below_o cleave_v upward_o and_o downward_o and_o the_o splinter_n a._n and_o b._n by_o wedge_n keep_v off_o from_o touch_v each_o other_o or_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n these_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v in_o the_o state_n represent_v in_o the_o six_o figure_n that_o be_v the_o splinter_n a._n above_o the_o gash_n be_v grow_v very_o much_o but_o the_o splinter_n b._n below_o stand_v at_o a_o stay_n and_o grow_v not_o but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n at_o c._n grow_v as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o gash_n make_v figure_n seven_o represent_v a_o like_a gash_n make_v just_a above_o the_o lowermost_a knot_n and_o the_o part_n splinter_v or_o cleave_v and_o wedge_v off_o from_o each_o other_o and_o from_o the_o body_n as_o before_o but_o there_o be_v leave_v a_o branch_n upon_o the_o low_a splinter_n to_o see_v what_o will_v be_v the_o state_n there_o of_o the_o next_o year_n or_o in_o october_n next_o when_o it_o be_v probable_a by_o the_o other_o experiment_n the_o low_a splinter_n and_o branch_n upon_o it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o have_v grow_v and_o increase_v as_o the_o splinter_n in_o the_o former_a experiment_n do_v above_o the_o gash_n though_o not_o in_o the_o same_o proportion_n figure_n eight_o represent_v four_o young_a poplar-tree_n a._n b._n c._n d._n all_o of_o equal_a bigness_n growth_n situation_n and_o soil_n as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v find_v these_o be_v order_v as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o 9th_o figure_n that_o be_v a._n have_v all_o its_o branch_n and_o top_n cut_v off_o b._n have_v all_o its_o branch_n prune_v off_o but_o it_o be_v leave_v with_o a_o small_a head_n at_o the_o top_n c._n have_v its_o branch_n cut_v about_o half_a way_n and_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a half_n leave_v grow_v d._n be_v leave_v grow_v without_o be_v at_o all_o prune_v or_o lop_v the_o event_n be_v expect_v the_o success_n be_v find_v to_o be_v thus_o a._n in_o the_o follow_a year_n shoot_v out_o many_o twig_n round_o about_o but_o the_o body_n increase_v but_o little_a in_o height_n or_o bigness_n b._n shoot_v out_o likewise_o many_o twig_n where_o it_o have_v be_v prune_v and_o the_o top_n branch_n and_o top_n also_o increase_v considerable_o and_o the_o body_n also_o increase_v much_o more_o in_o height_n and_o bigness_n than_o do_v the_o former_a a._n c._n increase_v much_o more_o in_o all_o its_o part_n than_o b._n but_o d._n increase_v in_o limb_n height_n and_o bigness_n most_o of_o all_o swell_v in_o bigness_n and_o stretch_v in_o height_n and_o spread_v in_o its_o bough_n much_o more_o than_o c._n and_o in_o about_o ten_o year_n time_n be_v more_o than_o four_o time_n as_o big_a as_o a._n the_o same_o worthy_a person_n also_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o poplar_n that_o have_v be_v prune_v die_v in_o the_o great_a frost_n 1684._o in_o so_o much_o that_o in_o 25_o that_o be_v so_o order_v he_o observe_v 19_o to_o be_v kill_v by_o it_o and_o remain_v to_o be_v very_o weak_a and_o hardly_o able_a to_o recover_v and_o increase_v very_o little_a in_o the_o follow_a year_n these_o poplar_n be_v about_o 30_o foot_n high_a and_o have_v only_o a_o small_a head_n leave_v at_o the_o top_n unlop_v of_o about_o 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n and_o be_v prune_v the_o spring_n before_o the_o great_a frost_n he_o observe_v also_o that_o divers_a of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v prune_v two_o summer_n before_o the_o frost_n be_v kill_v by_o it_o but_o not_o one_o of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v prune_v at_o all_o be_v hurt_v by_o it_o he_o take_v notice_n likewise_o both_o in_o lancashire_n and_o cheshire_n that_o tree_n of_o 60_o foot_n in_o height_n that_o have_v be_v prune_v and_o have_v only_o a_o small_a top_n leave_v be_v also_o 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the_o atmosphere_n the_o second_o be_v a_o description_n of_o a_o note_a echo_n at_o norton-hall_n in_o cheshire_n the_o seat_n of_o my_o honour_a kinsman_n sr._n richard_n brooke_n baronet_n the_o first_o be_v communicate_v to_o i_o and_o experiment_v by_o christopher_n dauson_n of_o langcliff_n in_o the_o county_n of_o yorkshire_n esq_n which_o he_o do_v in_o the_o follow_a manner_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o prodigious_a high_a hill_n call_v engleborough_n in_o yorkshire_n he_o take_v a_o bladder_n about_o a_o quarter_n blow_v and_o tie_v the_o neck_n of_o it_o very_o close_a as_o he_o ascend_v the_o hill_n the_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n grow_v short_a and_o consequent_o press_v less_o upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bladder_n the_o internal_a air_n expanded_a itself_o so_o far_o that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n it_o be_v full_o blow_v and_o as_o he_o descend_v the_o hill_n again_o gradual_o subside_v so_o that_o at_o his_o come_n to_o 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not_o remember_v the_o like_a phaenomenon_n to_o be_v observe_v from_o any_o other_o two_o liquor_n in_o distinct_a vial_n which_o experiment_n may_v demonstrate_v to_o we_o the_o strange_a propensity_n there_o be_v in_o matter_n to_o separate_v or_o unite_v but_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a the_o volatile_a alkalious_a particle_n of_o the_o hartshorn_n and_o the_o volatile_a acid_n of_o the_o elixir_n even_o in_o the_o air_n by_o their_o point_n and_o pore_n unite_v by_o their_o magnitude_n become_v visible_a which_o before_o can_v not_o be_v discern_v separately_z and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v the_o first_o experiment_n that_o present_v we_o with_o a_o fermentation_n hover_v in_o the_o air_n and_o likewise_o demonstrate_v to_o we_o abundant_o how_o saline_n particle_n may_v and_o do_v invisible_o float_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o be_v undiscernible_a till_o concrete_v into_o moleculae_fw-la and_o adapt_v to_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o several_a pore_n of_o their_o distinct_a 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positive_a be_v true_a that_o objection_n vanish_v wherefore_o i_o shall_v not_o expatiate_v further_o on_o this_o topick_n but_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o conjecture_n chap._n ii_o in_o which_o be_v account_v for_o water_n remarkable_a for_o their_o levity_n those_o that_o have_v their_o flux_n and_o reflux_n mineral_n water_n of_o all_o sort_n those_o that_o have_v be_v think_v to_o transude_v through_o glass_n bottle_n subterraneous_a eruption_n and_o the_o most_o remarkable_a river_n and_o pond_n as_o these_o county_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o rains_n than_o some_o of_o the_o more_o inland_a one_o they_o likewise_o afford_v we_o great_a variety_n of_o water_n than_o any_o one_o or_o indeed_o than_o all_o the_o county_n in_o england_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v either_o pond_n which_o they_o vulgar_o call_v meers_n rivers_n or_o spring_n the_o most_o note_a pond_n be_v only_o two_o and_o both_o of_o they_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o martin-mere_a the_o large_a 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and_o vast_a quantity_n of_o fowl_n as_o curlews_n curleyhilp_n wild-duck_n wild-goose_n and_o swan_n which_o be_v there_o sometime_o in_o great_a