dinner and supper time and then they do drink feebl green Wine single Beer or small Ale Also they keep them from over great travell or over forcing themselves for in this time is nothing grievouser than chafing In this season they eschue the company of women and they bathe them oft in cold water to asswage the heat of their bodies enforced by labours Alway they have with them sugarcandy or other Sugar whereof they take little and often and each day in the morning they do force them by coughing and spitting to void flegmes and void them above and below the best that they can and wash their hands with fresh water their mouth and visage The regiment for Harvest September October and November IN harvest shepheards been clothed as in Prime time save their cloths are a little warmer In this season they use diligence to purge and clense themselves bleeding also to temper the humours of their bodyes For it is the contagiousest season of the yeer in the which perillous infirmities happen and therefore they eat good and wholesome food as Capons Hens yong Pigeons that begin to fly and drink good wines and other good drinkes without making excesse In this season they refrain eating of fruits for it is a dangerous season for agues and they say that he had never ague that never eat fruit In this season they drink no water and they put no part of them in cold water but their hands face They keep their hands from cold in the night and morning and sleep not in the noon time and refrain over great travell and indure not too much hunger ne thirst but eat in due season and not when their mawes be full The regiment for Winter December January and February THe shepheards in winter are clothed in thick gowns of rough cloth hie shorne well furred with foxe For it is the warmest furring that is and Cats Conies Lambs and diverse other thicke furres that be good and wholsome In the winter shepheards do eat beef Pork Brawn of Harts Hinds and all kind of venison Partriges Fesants Hares fowles of the river and other meats that they love best for that is the season of the year that nature suffereth greatest plenty of vittle for the naturall heat that is drawn with in the body In this season also they drink oft strong wines after their cōplexion bastard or Osey Twice or thrice in the week they use good spices in their meats For this is the wholsomest season of all the yeer in the which chanceth no sicknesse but by great excesse and outrages done to nature or by evill government Shepheards say also that Prime time is hot moist of the nature of ayr complexion of the sanguine and that in the same season nature reioyceth and the pores open and the bloud spreads through the veins more than another time Summer is hot and dry of the nature of fire of complexion of cholerick when one ought to keep him from all things that procure heat all excesse and hot meats Harvest is cold and dry of the nature of earth complexion of melancholy in the which time one ought to keep him from doing excesse more thā at other times But winter is cold and moist of the nature of water and complexion of flegmatick then ought a man to keep him warm and meanly to live in health Here is to be noted that a man is made of the four Elements of which one hath domination alwayes above the other and that man on whom the fire ruleth is said to be cholerick that is to say hot and dry He on whom the ayr hath rule is said to be sanguine that is to say hot and moist He on whom the water hath governance is said to be cold and moist that is to say flegmatick And he on whom the earth raigneth is said to be melancholy that is to say cold and dry Of which complexions more shall be spoken in the beginning of physnomy CHAP. XXVIII A regiment of shepheards of certain things good for the body of man and of divers other things opposite to the same Good for the Braine TO smell the savour of muske and of quibyles of camomel to drink wine measurably not to eat too much sage to cover thy head of the washing of thy hands and feet measurably walking measurably sleeping to hear sweet noyses of minstrelsie or singing to eat mustard and pepper to smel the red rose and wash thy temples with water of red roses Evill for the brain All maner brain of beasts gluttony drunkennes late supper to sleep much after meat corrupt ayr anger heaviness to uncover thy head to eat softly too much heat too much waking too much walking milk cheese nuts to eat ere thou be hungry bathing after meat onions garlick great noise to smell to a white rose and much stirring Good for the eyes The red rose vervaine rew fenell Salendin enfrage pimpernell oculi Christi to plunge thine eyes in clear water oft to look on green colour measurable sleep to look in a fair glasse oft to wash thy hands and feet make the stomack well defied and to look often on gold also Evill for the eyes Powder garlick onions hunger leeks waking and wind hot ayr cold ayr drunkennesse gluttony milk cheese much beholding of bright things aswell white as red mustard anon to sleep after meat too much sleeping too much waking too much letting of bloud cole-worts smoak all things that is peppered lechery and hot fire before the sight evill baken bread dust too much weeping all this is evill for the eyes Good for the throat Hony sugar butter with a little salt licoras to suppe soft egges Isope mean manner of eating and drinking and sugarcandy this is good for the throat Evill for the throat Mustard much lying upon the breast pepper anger all fixed meats and all things rosted lechery much walking too much rest much drink much thirst much running smoake of incense old cheese 〈◊〉 or cold and all sowre things are naught for the throat Good for the heart Saffron borage laughing ioy musk cloves Galingale Nutmegs the red rose the violet sugar mace before all other things Evill for the heart Beans peason leekes garlick onions heaviness anger dread too much busines travell to drink cold water after labor evill tidings Good for the stomack Red mints red roses cumin sugar sage wormwood calamit to vomit every quarter once great hunger every day to stand after meat and often walking after meales every cold thing Galingale nutmegs Vineger Pepper and measurable sleep Evill for the stomack All sweet things for they make the stomack to swell nuts old cheese milk hony marrow bones that be not well soden to eat ere thou be hungry to eat many sorts of meats at one sitting to drink or thou be a thirst to eat bread that is not well baked and all raw flesh stinking heavinesse dread thought over great travell slooping falling and all fried meats
too much bathing after meat and too much casting eat when thou art over hot either of fever or travell all milk of beasts is evill save of Goats For ache of the womb Take tansie rew and sothernwood and eat it with salt fasting when thou art a fret and it will do it away For to restore the liver Take a quantity of wild tansie and stampe it and drink it with wine or ale nine dayes or more and he shall amend For fatnesse about a mans heart Take the iuyce of fenell and hony and seeth them both together till that it be hard and eat it at even and morn and it shall avoid soon For hardnesse of the womb Take two spoonfull of the iuyce of Ivy leaves and drink thereof three times in the day and thou shalt be whole For the wind in the stomack Take cumin and beat it to powder and mingle it with redde wine and drink it last at night three dayes and he shall be whole For the dropsie Take chickweed clythers ale and oat-meal and make pottage therewith and use it nine dayes and everyday fresh and he shall be whole A good drink for the pestilence For the pestilence take and wash elran a Lilly root and boyl it in white wine til the one half be wasted and then give it the sick to drink and he shall break out full of bladders as he were burnt or scalded with hot water and they will dry and the person wax then whole CHAP. XXIX Hereafter followeth the four elements and the four complexions of man and how and in what time they reign in man AIre Fire Earth and Water The twenty four houres of the day and the night ruleth sanguin cholerick melancholick and flegmatick Six houres after midnight bloud hath the mastery and in the sixe houres afore noon choler reigneth and six houres after noon raigneth melancholy and six hours afore midnight reigneth the flegmatick Thus endeth the four elements and the four complexions CHAP. XXX Here followeth the governance of health WHo will be whole and keep himself from sicknesse And resist the stroke of pestilence Let him be glad and void all heavinesse Flee wicked ayres eschue the presence Of infect places causing the violence Drinking good wines of wholsome meats take Smell sweet things and for thy defence Walk in clean ayr and eschue the mists black With void stomack outward thee not dresse Rising up early with fire have sustain Delight in gardens for the great sweetnesse To be well clad doe thy diligence Keep well thy self from inconvenience In stewes ne bathes no soiorne thou make Opening of the pores this doth great offence Walk in clean ayr and eschue the mists black Eat no raw flesh for no greedinesse And from fruit keep thine abstinence Pullets and Chickens for their tendernesse Eat thou with sauce spare for no expence Veriuice vineger and the influence Of wholsome spices I dare undertake The morrow sleep called golden in sentence Great helpeth against the mists so black For health of body cover from cold thy head Eat no raw meats take good heed hereto Drink wholesome wine feed thee on light bread With an appetite rise from thy meat also With women aged fleshly have not to doe Vpon thy sleep drink not off the cup Glad toward bed at morrow both too And use never late for to suppe And if it so be that leaches to thee fail Then take good heed to use things three Temperate diet temperate travaile Not malicious for none adversity Meek in trouble gald in poverty Rich with little content with suffisance Never grudging merry like thy degree If physick lack make this thy governance To every tale shew thou no credence Be not too hasty ne suddainly vengeable To poor folke do thou no violence Curtesie of language of feeding measurable On sundry meat not greedy at the table In feeding gentle prudence in daliance Close of tongue of word not deceiveable To say the best set alway thy pleasance Have in hate mouthes that be double Suffer at thy table no detraction Have despight of folk that make trouble Of false ravenours and adulation Within thy place suffer no division With thy houshold it shall cause increase Of all welfare prosperity and foyson With thy neighbors live in rest and peace Be cleanly clad after thy estate Passe not thy bonds keep thy promise blive With three folk be not at debate First with thy better beware for to strive Against thy fellow no quarrell to contrive With thy subiect to strive it were shame Wherefore I counsell persue all thy life To live in peace and get thee a good name Fire at morrow and toward bed at Eve Against mists black and ayr of pestilence Betimes at service thou shalt the better chieve First at thy rising to God doe reverence Visit the poor with entire diligence On all needy have compassion And God shall send grace and influence Thee to increase and thy possession Suffer no surfets in thy house at night Ware of suppers and great excesse Of nodding heads and candle light Of sloth at morrow and slumbring idlenesse Which of all vices is chief protectresse Void all drunkennesse lyars and letcherous Of all unthrifty exile the Mistresse That is to say dice playes and hazardous After meat beware make not too long sleep Head foot and stomack preserve aye from cold Be not too pensive of thought take no keep After thy rent govern thy houshold Suffer in time in thy right hand behold Swear none other man to beguile In youth be lusty and sad when thou art old No worldly ioy lasteth but a while Dine not at morrow before thine appetite Clear ayr and walking maketh good digestion Between meals drink not for no forward delight But thirst or travell give thee occasion Over-salt meat doth great oppression To feeble stomackes when they cannot refrain From thing contrary to their complexion Of greedy hands the stomack hath great pain Thus in two things standeth all thy wealth Of soul and body who list them sue Moderat food giveth to man his health And all surfets then he doth eschue And charity to soul is due This receipt bought is of no pothecary Of master Anthony nor of master Hue. To all indifferent riches diâ—tary Nescio quo certo lenta papavere dormit Mensque creatorem nescit iniqua suum En iterum toto lingua crucifigitur orbe En iterum patitur dira flagella deus Factorem factura suum stimulante tyranno Dilectis factis deserit orba suis Inde fames venit inde discordia regum Inde cananeis praedatibusque sumus Inde premit gladius carnalis spiritualem Et vice conversa spiritualis eum Hinc subitos Atropos praedatrix occupat artus Nec sinit ut doleat paenitet atque miser Iure vides igitur quam tecta ligamina nectit Immundus mundus haec duo verba simul Thus endeth the Physick and regiment of health of shepheards Coelum caeli Domini terram
autem dedit filiis hominum Non mortui laudabunt te Domine neque omnes qui descendunt in infernum Sed nos qui vivimus benedicemus Domino Quoniam videbimus coelos tuos opera digitorum tuorum lunam stellas quae tu fundasti Quia subjecisti omnia sub pedibus nostris oves boves universas insuper pecora campi volucres coeli pisces maris Domine Dominus noster quam admirabile est nomen tuum in universa terra CHAP. XXXI Here followeth the shepheards Astrology WHo that will as shepheards that keep sheep in the fieldes without knowing any letter save only by some figures that they make in little Tables of wood have knowledge of the movings and properties of the heavens And divers other things contained in this present compost and Kalender of shepheards the which is extract and composed out of their kalender put in letters so that each may comprise know as they things above said First one ought to know what the figure is the disposition of the world the number and order of the Elements and the movings of Skies appertaineth to be known of every man of free condition and noble engin For it is a fair thing delectable profitale and honest and therewith it is necessary to have divers other knowledges in especiall for the Astrology of shepheards which sheweth how the world is round as a ball And after wise men say there is nothing so round as it For it is rounder than any thing artificiall And moreover in this world we see nothing ne never shall that is so iust and equall round as it self is and is composed of the heaven and the four elements in five princiâ—all parts After that a person ought to know that the earth is in the middle of the world for it is the heaviest element Vpon the earth is the water or the sea but it covereth not the earth to the end that men and beasts may live therein and the part that is uncovered is call'd the face of the earth for it is as the face of a man alwayes uncovered and the part which is covered with water is as the body of man which is cloathed hid On the water is the ayr that incloseth the earth the water and is divided into three Regions one is low whereas inhabiteth beasts and birds another mean whereas been the cloudes the which maketh the impressions as lightnings thunder and other is alway cold the third is the highest whereas is neither wind nor rain nor tempest nor other impressions there be some mountaines that attain unto it as is Olympus that reacheth the highest region of the ayr and the element of fire mounteth to the sky the elements sustaineth the skies as pillars or beames sustaineth a house Of such mouÌ„tains is one in Afâ—â—câ— named Atlas After that is the element of fire which is neither flame ne coales but is pure invisible for the great brightnesse for so much as the water is more clear and light than the earth and the ayr more cleer and light than the water of so much the fire is more cleer light and fayrer than ayr and the skies in equipollent been clearer lighter fairer than the fire the which turneth with the movings of the heavens and the next region of the ayr also in the which is ingendred comets the which been called starres for so much as they be shining and move as stars After the saying of some shepheards the fire is invisible for his subtilty and not for his cleernesse forasmuch as a thing is more cleer of so much it is the more visible for we see the skies well but not the fire for it is overmuch more subtile than the ayr that is invisible for the same cause the earth and the water be thick and therefore they be visible The skies be neither properly heavy ne lighht hard ne soft cleer ne dark hot ne cold sweet ne soure colour ne sound ne such other qualities save that they be hot in vertue for they may cause heat here beneath by their lights movings and influences and be improperly hard for they may not be divided ne broken And also they be improperly colours of light in some parts and bee thick as be the partes of the Stars In the which there may no star nor other party be anusted put to nor none maye be diminished ne taken away and they may neither increase ne wax lesse nor be of other figure than round ne they may not change ne pair ne wax old ne be corrupted ne altered but in light only as in tyme of the Eclipse of the Son and Moon ne they may not rest and stand still ne turn any other wayes later ne sooner in part ne all ne behave them otherwise than after their common course but by miracle divine and therefore the Stars and skies be of another nature than the elements and the things of them composed the which be transmutable and corruptible The Elements and all things of them composed be inclosed within the first skie as the yolke of an eg is inclosed within the white and the first skie is inclosed of the second and the second in the third and the third in the fourth and so of the other The first skie next the elements is the sky of the Moon next is the sky of Mercury and next is the sky of Venus then is the sky of the Sun then is of Mars then of Iupiter and after it of Saturn And thus be the skies of the planets after their order The eighth sky is of the stars fixed and bee called so for that they move more regularly and after one guise than the planets doe Then above which is the first mobile in the which nothing appeareth as shepheards may see Some shepheards say above this ninth skie is one Immobile for it turneth not and above that is one of christall over the which is the sky imperiall in the which is the throne of God of the which sky shepheards ought not to speak but onely of the first mobile and that it containeth all together called the world Of one thing they marvell much that is how God hath distributed the stars that he hath put none in the ninth sky and hath put so many in the eight sky that they may not be numbred and in each of the other seven but one onely in calling the sun and the moon stars as appeareth in the figure hereafter Hereafter the great master Shepheard sheweth more plainly of the four elements and of the similitude of the earth how that every planet is one above another and telleth which of them be masculine as these five Saturn Jupiter Mars Sol and Mercury And of two feminine as Venus and Luna And which of them is northerly and southerly and which be orientall or occidentall CHAP. XXXII Of the movings of the skies and planets SOme movings been of the sky and planets
shal be very gracious he shall have harm by women and when he is married men shall not see so much by him as before he will have great love to ladies and gentlewomen but yet they shall not be masters over him he will be a very good man of the Church or a religious man and he shal not love to go a warfare he will hate theeves and swearers and he shall gather great goods by his wisedome If he bee a man of the world he shal be perfect in some handy craft he shall love well to preach and to speak fair rhetorike language and to talk of philosophie and Geometry he shall love wel writing and to read in strange bookes and to cast accounts of great numbers and shal be a gay maker of balads songes meeters and rimes he shal be perfect in the art of musick and love it he shall love measuring and meting and he shall be some great clothmaker he shal be servant to some great Lord or els a receiver of his mony he shall have a high forehead a long visage black eies and a thin beard he shal be a great pleader in the law and he will meddle with other mens deeds if they doe not well and say against it and Mercury governeth the thighes the flancks and belly Of the Moon Luna significat hominem album confectum rubore junctis superciliis benevolum habentem oculos non ex toto nigros faciem rotundam pulchram staturam in facie ejus signum in initio quod crescet significat omne quod faciendum est in plenitudine quod distruendum quia decrescit IT is to be understood that the lowest planet of the seven is named Luna which we call the Moon and is called feminine or female and is called among the shepheards the Lady of the night for the chief light and clearnesse that is by night is by the presence of the Moon for the Moon is much neerer approached unto us than any star and therefore she gives us much more light than the stars doe and also the moon is Lady of moisture and ruleth the sea by ebb and floud The moon taketh her light of the Sun 22. times in a year and also the moon is cold and moist of nature and her colour is much fairer than silver and her chief house is Cancer and there is none of the other planets that is so slow and goeth so little ciâ—cuit as doth the moon and she descendeth into Scorpio and she goeth about the xii signes in 27. dayes and then changeth and is called new Of her Properties SVch men and women as be born under the Moon shall be lowly and serviceable and very gentle And if it be a maid child shall be very shamefast and womanly and they shal be wel-favored both man and woman their faces shall be full and round and they shall be very patient folkes and will suffer much wrong or they be revenged will be soft of speech and very curteous and shall live honestly with such as God shall send them and wil haunt vertuous company they shall be well formed of body and have merry looks and love honestly to be glad and will live very chastly and love greatly the vertue of cleannesse both in word and deed they hate lecherous talkers and speakers of ribaldry their colour shal be mixed but with a little rednesse they shall gladly go attired in many coloured clothes and they shal sweat in the forehead Also they will have a great desire to be masters and mistresses over great streames rivers and flouds and devise many proper engines to take fish Look what they say it shall be true and stedfast and they shal be very honest and good goers on foot and comfort sick persons they shall love well to talk sometime of marvells they shall not keep hatred long in their mind they shall appease the people under colour with their communications as well as other should doe with silver Honest women will they love they will hate harlots and brothels and shall nourish their children up in vertue and good manners And the lights and the brains of man is under the governace of Luna Thus endeth the seven Planets with their properties Of the Physnomy of Shepheards PHysnomy of the which been spoken a fore is a science that shepheards have to know the naturall inclination of man and woman good or evill by divers signes on them in beholding them onely The which inclination we ought to follow if it be good but if it be evill by vertue strength of understanding wee ought to eschue and avoide it and to withstand the said evill inclinations Shepheards use this science none otherwise The prudent vertuous and wise man may bee of all other as touching their manners otherwise than their signs shew in their reign Thus the things demonstred as to vice is not in a wise man though the sign be so as an ale stake or a sign is sometime hanged before a house in the which oft times is no Ale Howbeit that a man by his wisedome and understanding follow not the evill influences of the celestiall bodies that be upon him and yet he corrupteth not the signs and demonstrations of the said influences but those signes naturally have seignory on them in which they bee for to have naturally that which they signifie whether a man have them or not wherefore shepheards say that the most part of men women follow their naturall inclinations to vice or vertue for that the most part of them be not wise prudent as they ought to be and they use no vertue of their own minds but ensue their sensuality and by this the celestiall influence of the which is shewed by signes exteriors and of such signs is the said science of Phisnomy For the which it behoveth first to know that the time is divided into four parts as it hath been before said that is to wit Prime time Summer Harvest and Winter that be compared to the four Elements Prime time to the ayr Summer to the fire Harvest to the earth Winter to the water Of the which four Elements every man and woman is formed and made and without the which none may live The fire is hot and dry The ayr is hot and moist The water is moist and cold The earth is cold and dry Also some say the person on whom the fire domineth is cholerick of complexion which is to say hot dry He on whom the ayr domineth is sanguine of complexion which is hot and moist He on whom the water domineth is Flegmatick of complexion which is moist and cold Hee on whom the earth domineth is melancholy of complexion which is cold and dry The which complexions they know and discern the one from the other by signs which are said here-after CHAP. XLI Of the four complexions The Cholerick hath Nature of fire hot and dry and naturally is lean and slender covetous irefull
Naturam Cancri pectoris aula gerit At Leo vult stomachum renes sibi vendicat idem Sed intestinis Virgo praeesse petit Ambas Libra nates ambas sibi vendicat hancas Scorpio vult anum vultque pudenda sibi Inde Sagittarius is coxis vult dominari Amborum genuum vim Capricornus habet Regnat in Aquario cruri um vis apta decenter Piscibus demum congrua planta pedum Saturnus niger Iupiter viridis Mars rubeus est Sol croceus Venus albus Mercurius Luna varii sunt dum quisquis regnat nascitur puer sic coloratus The declaration of the Latine here above THat is to say that the twelve signs have dominion over the body of man divided by the parts as the signs divide the firmament and every sign beholdeth and governeth the parts of the body so as it is said above and afterward shall be shewed by figures and is declared more plainly and faithfully Such like of Planets is said of their colours but of their natures and propâ—â—ties of the parts of the bodys the which governeth and beholdeth more at full shall you hear at length Also of the twelve months natures March April and May are very hot and moist that signifieth blood and ayre Iune Iuly and August is Summer and signifieth hot and dry choler manhood fear September October and November is harvest and betokeneth cold and dry and age melancholy and earth December Ianuary and February is winter and betokeneth cold and moist childhood flegm and water CAlled I am January the cold In Christmas season good fire I love Yong Iesus that sometime Judas sold In me was circumcised for mans behoove Three Kings sought the son of God above They kneeled down and did him homage with love To God their Lord that is mans own brother CHAP. III. Hereafter followeth a Kalender with the figures of every Saint that is hallowed in the yeer in the which is the figures the hours the months and the new Moons Ianuary hath 31 days the Moon 30 In Iâ—no claris calidisque cibis potiaris Atque decens potus post sercula sit tibi notus Laedit enim medo tunc potatus ut bene credo Balnea tutius intres venam scindere â—ures viii iv ix A viii iii â—vli Circumcisio Domini xvi v vii b    Octa. S. Stephen    c xvi iv  Octa S. Iohannis v o ii d v vii lv Octava sanctorum Inno.    e    Octa sa Thome martyr xi iv xii f xiii vi  Epiphania Domini    g iii ix xlv Felicis and Ianua o i xxxvii A    sa Luciani x ix iv b x viii xli sa Iudi. xviii vi xiii c xviii iv xvi Pauli prim heâ—emite    d    Lini Bishop Sol in Aqua vii viii vi e vii o xxxv Archadii martyr    f  February sa Hillary xv v xxxlv g xâ— i viii Felici presbyter    A iii viii ii S. Maur. abbot iv x xxxi b    sa Marcelli Bishop xii x xli c xii o xvi Sulp Bishop x xi lii d    sa Pisce virgin ix v xi e  x xvii Wolstan Bishop    f ix v li Fabian and Sebastian xvii o xxxiii g xvii ii xlvii sa Agnetis    A  iv xii Vincent martyr vi vi xxxv b  iv xii sa Emerancian    c    sa Timothy â—iv ii xvii d    Conversion of Paul    e xiv i xxxix Policarp Bishop iii ii xxi f iii vi xlv Iulian Bishop xi xi xx g    Agneus secundo xix vi xxxv A xi vii xxxvi Valeri bishop and mart    b xix vi xxvii Batild virg    c    Saturnini Victoris February hath 28. days the Moon 27. Nascitur occulta febris Februario multa Potibus escis si caute vivere velis Tunc cave frigorem de pollice funde cruorem Fuge mellis favum pectoris qui morbos curabit viii v xii d â—iii i xvi Bridgi Ignasii xvi o vi e xvi viii xxxi Purification of Mary    f    S. Blasi Bishop   xxxvii g v ii xxv S. Gilbert Bishop    A xiii x xxii S. Agathe virg xiii iii lviii b    Vedasti Amandi xi o iv c ii x lv sa Anguli virg x vi lix d x vii xliv Paul Bishop    e    sa Apollony virg xviii ix ii f xvi iii iii Sol in Pâ—ces    g vii i liv Eufrasie virg vi i xvi A    sa Eulaly    b v vii xxxv sa Wolfrani xv xi xv c    sa Valentine Bishop iv xiii lv d iv ii xxvi Faustin Ioniti xii o xxxiii e    Iulian virg i vii xli f xli o xxiii Policron bishop martyr    g i viii xxix Simon bishop martyr ix iv xvi A ix xv xxx Sabin and Iulian mar    b xvii iv lix Mildred virg xvii vi xvi c    Sanctorum lxix    d vi viii lviii Cathedra sancti Petri. vi i x e    Policarp Locus biferti    f xiv vi i Mathew Apostle xiv iv xii g    Invention of S. Paul iii i xiii A iii ix xlviii S Nestor mart  o xi b xi viii liii S Augustin    c    Oswald bishop and con It is to be noted that the golden numbers shew the days hours and minutes of the new Moons the red numbers for the forenoon and the black numbers for the afternoon on the same day that the numbers demonstrateth March hath 31. days the Moon 30. Martius humores gignit variosque dolores Sume cibum pure cocturas si placet ure Balnea sunt sana sed quae superflua vana Vena nec addenda nec potio sit tribuenda vii viii xxxvi d xix iii iiii sa David bishop    e viii o l sa Cedde bishop    f xv i xlvi Martini et Asteri xvi vi x g    sa Adrian Mart. v x xlviii A v vii xxxix Foce Eusebii Perpetue    b    Victoris et Victorini xiii  xx c xiii o xii Perpetue et Felic ii ix xix d ii ix xlvi Depositio sancti Felicis    e    Quadraginta mart x iiii xlviii f x v xx sa Agapite virg xviii o xli g xviii ii xlvi Sol in Aries Equinoct    A    S. George bishop vii vi xlv b viii v i
great Confidence is to arrest and hold strongly his thought and his courage by unmoveable constance among such things as be adverse and contrarie Tollerance is quotidianly or daily suffering and bearing the strange improbities and molests that is to say persecutions opprobries and iniuries that other folk doe Rest is a virtue by the which a sickerness is given unto the thought of contentment of the unstableness of transitory things and worldly vanities Stableness is to have the thought or courage stedfast and sure without casting on divers things by any varying or changing of time or places Perseverance is a vertue that establisheth and confirmeth the courage by a perfection of vertue that is in a man be perfect by force of longanimitie Reason is a vertue by the which a man commandeth to do such things as be concealed and delivered for to come to the end which a man knoweth to be good and utile to be done and had Here endeth the flower of vertues and how they be named and signified in the tree figured CHAP. XXII How Shepheards by calculation and speculation know the xii signes in their course reigning and domining over the xii parts of mans body and which be good for letting of blood and which be indifferent or evill for the same SOme shepheardes say that maÌ„ is a litle world by himself for likenesses similitudes that hee hath of the great world which is the aggregation of the nine skies four elementes and all things in them contained First a man hath such a likenes in the first mobile that is the soveraign skie and principall parts of the great world For like as in his first mobile the Zodiake is divided in xii parts by the xii signes so man is divided to xii parts and holdeth of the signes every part of his signe as this figure sheweth The signes be these Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricornus Aquarius and Pisces of the which three be of the nature of the fire that is Aries Leo and Sagittarius three of the nature of the aire Gemini Libra and Aquarius And three of the nature of water Cancer Scorpio Pisces And three of the nature of earth Taurus Virgo and Capricornus The first that is Aries governeth the head and face of maâ— Taurus the necke and throat bole Gemini the shoulders the armes and hands Cancer the breast sides milte and lights Leo the stomacke the heart and the backe Virgo the belly and the entrailes Libra the navill the groines and the parts under the branches Scorpio the privy parts the genitales the bladder and the fundament Sagittarius the thighes only Capricornus the knees only also Aquarius the legs and from the knees to the heels and ankles and Pisces hath the feet in his dominion A man ought not to make incision ne touch with iron the member governed of any signe the day that the moone is in it for fear of the great effusion of blood that might happen ne in likewise also when the Sun is in it for the danger and perill that might ensue Hereafter followeth the nature of the xii signes ARies is good for blood-letting when the Moone is in it save in the part that it domineth Aries hot and dry nature of fire and governeth the head and the face of man good for bleeding when the moon is in it Taurus is evill for bleeding Taurus is dry cold nature of the earth and governeth the necke and the knot under the throat is evill for bleeding Gemini is evill for bleeding Gemini is hot and moist nature of aire and governeth the shoulders the armes the two hands â—s evill for bleeding Cancer is indifferent for bleeding Cancer is cold and moist nature of water and governeth the breast the stomacke and the milt and indifferent that is to say neither too good nor too bad for letting of blood Leo is evill for bleeding Leo is hot and dry nature of fire and governeth the backe and the sides and is evill for letting blood Virgo is indifferent for bleeding Virgo is cold and dry nature of earth and governeth the wombe and inward parts and is not good ne very evill for bleeding Libra is right good for bleeding Libra is hot and moist nature of ayre and governeth the navill the reynes and the low parts of the wombe and is good for bleeding Scorpio is indifferent for bleeding Scorpio is cold moist nature of water governeth the members of man is neither good ne bad for bleeding Sagittarius is good for bleeding Sagittarius is hot and dry nature of fire and governeth the thighs and is good for bleeding Capricornus is evill for bleeding Capricornus is cold and dry nature of earth and governeth the knees and is evill for bleeding Aquarius is indifferent for bleeding Aquarius is hot moist of nature and governeth the legs and is neither good ne evill for bleeding Pisces is indifferent for bleeding Pisces is cold and moist nature of water and governeth the feet and is neither good ne bad for bleeding Aries Libra and Sagittarius be right good Cancer Virgo ScorpioÌ„ Aquarius Pisces be indifferent Taurus Gemini Leo and Capricornus be evill for bleeding CHAP. XXIII A Picture of the Phisnomy of mans body and sheweth in what parts the vii Planets have domination in man We may know by this figure the bones and ioynts of all the parts of the body as well within as without of the head necke shoulders armes hands besides breast back haunches thighs knees legges and of the feet Which bones shall be named and numbred hereafter and it is called the figure Anatomy By this figure one may understand the parts of mans body over the which the planets have might and domination to keep them from touching any yron ne to make incision of bloud in the veines that proceed in the time while that the planet of the said party is conioyned with any other planet malevolent without having regard of some good planet that might in cumber and let his evill course CHAP. XXIV The names of the Bones in a mans body and the number of them which is in all two hundred eight and forty FIrst on the summet of the head is a bone that covereth the brain the which shepheards call the Capitall bone In the skull be two bones which be called parietales that holdeth the brain close stedfast More lower in the brain is a bone called the crown of the head and on the one side and on the other be two holes within the which is the pallis or roof bone In the part behind the head be four like bones to the which the chine of the neck holdeth The bones of the nose be two The bones of the chafts be xi And of the nether iaw be two Above the opposite of the brain there is one behind named collaterall The bones of the teeth be xxx eight
semblable sicknes O â—n the mouâ—â— in the gummes be four veines that is to wit two above and two beneath the which be let bloud for the chafing and canker in the mouth and for tooth-ach P Between the lip and the chinne is a vein that is letten bloud to give amendment to them that have an evill breath Q In each arme be foure veines of the which the vein of the head is the highest the second next is from the heart the third is of the liver and the fourth is from the milt otherwise called the low liver vaine R The vein in the head taken in the arme ought to bleed for to take away the great replexion abundance of bloud that may annoy the head the eies and the brain and availeth greatly for transmutable heats and swelling of the throat and to them that hath swollen faces and red and to divers other sicknesses that may fall by too great abundance of bloud S The vein of the milt otherwise called the low vein should bleed against all feaver tertians and quartaines and it ought to be made a large and lesse deep wound then in any other vein for fear of wind that it may gather and for more inconvenience for fear of a sinew that is under it which is called the Lezard T In each hand be three veines whereof that above the thumbe ought to bleed to take away the great heat of the visage and for the thicke bloud and humours that be in the head this vein evacuateth more then that of the arme V Between the little finger and the lech finger is letting of bloud that availeth greatly against fever tertians quartaines and against fumes divers other lettings that commeth to the paps and the milt X In each thigh is a vein of the which the bleeding availeth against the dolours and swellings of the genitours and for to avoid and drive out of a mans body humors that be in the groines Y The vein that is under the ancle of the foot without named Sciat of the which the bleeding is much worth against the paines of the branches and for to make depart and issue divers humours which would assemble in the said place and availeth greatly to women for to restrain their menstruosity when they have too great abundance Thus endeth the Anatomy and Flebotomy of the humane bodies and how one should understand them HEre before we have said of the regard of plannets upon the parts of man and the devision and number of the bones of mans body and now followeth to know when any man is whole or sicke or disposed in any wise to sicknesse Wherfore three things been by the which Shepheards know when a man is whole or sicke or disposed to sicknesse If he be whole to maintain and keep him if he be sicke to search remedy to heal him If he be disposed to sicknesse to keep him that he fall not therein And to know each of the said three things the Shepheards put divers signes Health properly attemperance accord and equality of the four equalities of man which be hot cold dry and moist The which when they be well tempered and equall that one surmounteth not the other then the body of man is whole But when they be unequall and distempered that one domineth over another then a man is sicke or disposed to sicknesse and they be the qualities that the bodies holdeth of the elements that they be made and composed of to wit of the fire heat of the water cold of the ayre moist and of the earth dry The which qualities when one is disordered from the other then the body is sicke And if that one destroy the other of all then the body dyeth and the soul departeth CHAP. XXV Signes by the which Shepheards know a man whole and well disposed in his body THe first signe whereby Shepheards know a man to be whole and wel disposed in his body is when he eateth and drinketh well after the convenance of the hunger and thirst that he hath without making excesse Also when he disgesteth lightly and when that he hath eaten and drunken empesheth and grieveth not his stomack Also when he feeleth good saâ—vour and appetite in that he eateth drinketh Also when he is hungry and thirsty at the howres they ought to eat and drinke And when he reioyceth him with merry folke And when they play gladly any play of recreaton with fellows of merry courage Also when he playeth gladly in fields and woods to take the sweet ayre and sport in meddowes by waters sides Also when he eateth gladly with good appetite of butter chees flawnes sheeps milke without leaving any thing in his dish to send to the almes-house And when he sleepeth well without raving dream of his marchandise Also when he feeleth him light and that he waketh well Also when he sweateth soon and that neeseth little or nothing And when he is neither too fat nor too lean Also when he hath good colour in his face and that his wits been all well disposed for to doe their operations as his eyes for to see his eares to hear his nose to smell c. And thus we leave off the continuance of age the disposition of the body and also of the time Of other signes I say nothing but these be the most common and that ought to suffice for shepheards to know the signes of health Signes opposite to the precedents by which shepheards know when they or other been sick FIrst when he will not well eat ne drinke or that they have none appetite to eat at dinner or supper or when he findeth no savour in that he eateth and drinketh or that he is hungry and may not eat when his digestion is not good or that it bee too long Also when he goeth not to the chamber moderately as he ought to doe Also when he is heavy and sad in ioyous companies when sicknes causeth a man to be thoughtfull Semblably when he may not sleep nor take his rest aright and at due howres Also when his members been heavy as his head his legges and his armes And also when he may not walke easily and lightly and that he sheweth not often his colour is pale and yellow or when his wits as his eyes his eares and the other do not kindly their operation In likewise when he may not labour and travel Also when he forgeteth lightly that which of necessity ought to be kept in memory and when he spits often or when his nostrils aboundeth in superfluous humours And when he is negligent in his works when his flesh is blown or swollen in the visage in his legs or his feet or when his eyes be hollow in his head These been the signes that signifieth a man being in sicknesse and who that hath most of the foresaid signes most is sicke CHAP. XXVI Of other manner of signes almost semblable to them abovesaid and sheweth the replexion of evill
humors for to be purged of them REplexion of evill humours and disposition of sickness after the opinion of Shepheards the which replexion is knowne how to purge the said humors that they ingender on sicknes and been broken by the signes that followeth First when a man hath over great rednesse in the face in the hands or in the nailes having also the veines full of bloud or bleed too much at the nose or too often or have pain in the forehead Also when the eares soundeth and when the eyes water or be full of gum and have the understanding troubled and when the pulse beateth too fast and when the belly is long resolute and laxe and when one hath the sight troubled and eating without appetite And all the other signes before said been by the which one may know the body evill disposed and have in it corrupt humors superfluous and evill Thus finish the signes by the which Shepheards know when they be whole and wel disposed and other signes apposite by the which they know when they be sicke or ill disposed CHAP. XXVII A division and regime of time of the which shepheards useth after that the season and time requireth FOr to remedy the sicknesses and infirmities that a man hath and to keep him from them which he doubteth to come Shepheards say that the time naturally changeth four times a yeer and so they divide the yeer into four quarters that is Ver Summer Harvest Winter And in each of these quarters they governe them as the season requireth to their mindes and the better it is for them And as the season changeth so change they their manner of living and doing and say that changing of time without taking good heed often ingendereth infirmities for that in one time behooveth not to use some meats which be good at another time as that used in winter is not good in summer and so of the other seasons And for to know the changing of time after the said parties they consider the course of the Sunne by the twelve signes and say that every of the said four quarters and seasons dureth three months and that the Sun passeth by three signes that is to wit in prime time by Pisces Aries and Taurus and these be the months February March and Aprill that the earth and trees reioyceth and chargeth with green leaves flowers as it is a pleasure to behold In summer by Gemini Cancer and Leo and the months been May Iune and Iuly that the fruits of the earth groweth and ripeneth In harvest by Virgo Libra and Scorpio and the months been August September and October that the earth and trees dischargeth fruits and leaves and that time each felleth and gathereth the fruits In Winter by Sagittarius Capricornus and Aquarius and the months been November December and Ianuary that the earth and trees been as dead and unclothed of leaves fruits and of all greennesse After the which four seasons Shepheards deviseth the time that man may live in four ages as youth strength age and decrepit and been likened to the four seasons of the yeer That is to wit youth to Prime time that is hot and moist and as the herbs and trees of the earth grow so doth man in youth unto xv yeers grow of body in strength beauty and vigor Force is likened unto summer hot dry the body of man is in force vigor enripeneth unto xlv yeers Age is compared to the time of Harvest cold dry then man leaveth off growing feebleth thinketh how to gather spare for fear of default need when as hee commeth to stooping age dureth to lvi yeers Decrepit is likened unto the season of the Winter cold humid by abundance of cold humors default of naturall heat in which time man spendeth that which he had gathered kept in the time passed and if he have spared nothing he abideth poor and naked as the earth trees and dureth unto lxii yeers or more Prime time is hot and moist nature of ayr complexion of the sanguine Summer is hot dry nature of fire complexion of cholerick Harvest is cold and dry nature of earth and complexion of the melancholy Winter is cold and moist nature of water complexion of the flegmatick When complexion is well proportioned it feeleth it self better disposed in the time sembable to it than it doth in other times But for that every man is not well complexioned they ought to doe as shepheards doe that is to take regiment to keep themselves after the seasons and governeth them by their ensignements and teachings which they use in every quarter of the yeer to live the longer wiselier and merrily The regiment for Prime time March Aprill and May. IN Prime time shepheards keep themselves meetly well clothed not over cold nor over hot as with linsie wolsie Doublets of Fustian and gownes of a meetly length furred with Lamb most commonly In this time is good letting bloud to avoid the evill humours that were gathered in the winter time If sicknesse doe happen in prime time it is not of his nature but proceedeth of the humors gathered in the winter passed Prime time is a temperat time to take medicines for them that be corporate and full of thick humors to purge them In this time they ought to eat light meats which doe refresh as Chickens Kids with veriuyce Borage Beets yolks of egges egges in moon shine Roches Perches Pikerels and all skaled fish Drink temperate wine Beer or Ale so that they be not too strong ne oversweet for in this time all sweet things ought not to be used and a man ought to sleep long in the morning and not on the day The shepheards have a generall rule or custome for all seasons that availeth much against all infirmities and sicknesses that is not to leese his appetite for eating and never to eat without hunger Also say they that all manner of flesh and fish is better rosted than soden and if they ben sodden to broil them on a Gridyron on the coales and they been the more wholesome The regiment for the time of Summer June July and August THe shepheards in summer been clothed with light gowns and single their shirts and sheets that they ly in be linnen for of all cloath it is the coldest they have doublets of silk or Say or of Canvas manerly made and they eat light meats as Chickens with veriuyce young Hares Rabbets Lettise Purselain Melons Gowrds Cucumbers Peares Plumbs and such fish as are aforenamed And also they eat of meats that do refresh Also they eat little and often they break their fast or dine in the morning before the sun arise and goe to supper ere it discend and they eat often of the above said meats and sowrer for to give the man appetite They eat but little salt meats and refrain them from scratching they drink oft fresh water when they be thirsty save only at
hasty brainlesse foolish malicious deceitfull and subtile where he applyeth his wit He hath wine of the Lion that is to say when he is drunken he chideth fighteth and commonly he loveth to be clad in black russet and gray The sanguine hath nature of ayr hot and moist he is large plenteous attempered amiable abundant in nature merry singing laughing liking ruddy and gracious He hath his wine of the ape the more he drinketh the merrier he is draweth to women naturally loveth high-coloured cloth The flegmatick hath nature of water cold and moist he is heavy slow sleepy ingenious commonly he spitteth when he is moved and hath his wine of the sheep for when he is drunk he accounteth himself wisest and he loveth most green colour The mellancholy hath nature of earth cold and dry he is heavy covetous a backbitter malicious and slow His wine is of the hog for when he is drunken he desireth sleep and he loveth cloth of black colour CHAP XLII The judgment of mans body TO come to our purpose of speaking visible signes we will begin to speak at the signes of the head First wee advertise that one ought to beware of all persons that hath default of members naturally as of foot hand eye or other member and though he be but a criple and specially of a man that hath no beard for such be inclined to divers vices and evils and one ought to eschue his company as his mortall enemy Also shepheards say that much and plain hair signifieth a person piteous and debonair They that have red hair be commonly irefull and lack wit and been of little truth Black hair good visage and good colour signifieth very love of Iustice. Hard hair signifieth that the person loveth peace and concord and is of good and subtile wit A man that hath black hair and a red beard signifies to be letcherous disloyall a vanter and one ought not to trust in him The yellow hair and crisp signifieth a man laughing mercy letcherous and deceitfull Black hair and crisp signifieth melancholy letchery evill thought and very large hanging hair signifieth wit with malice Great plenty of hair in a woman signifieth boisterousnesse and covetise A person with great eyes is slothfull unshamefull inobedient and weeneth to know more than hee doth but when the eies be mean ne too big ne too small and that they be not too black nor too green such a man is of good understanding curteous faithfull and trusty A person that is blear-eyed gogled and squint signifieth malice vengeance cantell and treason They which have great wide eyes and hath long hair on their browes and eye-lids signifieth foolishnesse hard of understanding and robust wit and be evill by nature The persons that have their eyes moving fast from one side unto another and have their sight sharpe and quick signifieth fraud and theft and is of little trust The eyes that been black cleare and shining been the best and the most certain and signifieth wit and discretion and such a person is worthy to be beloved for he is full of truth and of good conditions The eyes that been ardent and sparkling signifieth strong heat force and puisance The eyes that been whitish and fleshly signifieth a person inclined to vice letchery and full of fraud Shepheards say that when a person beholdeth often as abashed shamfast and fearfull and that in beholding it seemeth that he sigheth and he hath small drops appearing in his ties then it is for certain that such persons loveth and desireth the wealth of them that they behold But when any looketh in casting his eyes aside as by wantonnesse such persons be deceitfull and purchaseth to grieve him and such persons will dishonor women and they ought to be taken heed of for such looks be false letcherous and deceivable They that have small greyish eyes and sharp signifieth a person melancholous hardy an evill speaker and cruell And if a little vein appear between the eyes and the nose of a wench they say it signifieth virginity and in a man subtilty of understanding and if it appear great and black it signifies corruption heat and melancholy in women and in man rudenesse and default of wit but that vein appeareth not always But the eies been yellow and have no hair on the browes signifieth meselry and evill disposition of body Great haires and long signifieth rudenesse hard engine and letchery The beetled browes signifieth malice cruelty letchery and envie And when the browes been thin it signifieth subtile engine wit and faithfullnesse Hollow eyes and hanging browes signifieth a person full of evill saying of evill thought a great drinker and comonly applieth his mind to malice A little short visage and a small neck a little slender nose signifieth a person of great heart hasty and irefull A long nose and high by nature signifieth prowesse and hardesse A short raised nose signifieth hastinesse letchery hardinesse and an undertaker a hooked nose that boweth to the upper lip signifieth malice deceit untruth and letchery A great nose and high in the midst signifieth a wise man and well spoken A great nose with wide nostrils signifieth gluttony and ire A red face and short signifieth a person full of riot debate and disloyal A visage neither too short nor too long and that is not overfat with good colour betokeneth a man veritable amiable wise witty serviceable debonair and well ordered in all his works A fat visage and full of red flesh signifieth gluttony negligence rudenesse of wit and understanding A slender face and some-what long signifieth a person well advised in all his workes by good measure A little short visage of yellow colour signifieth a person deceiving untrue malitious and full of harm A visage long and fair signifieth a man hot disloyall spitefull and full of ire and cruelty They that have their mouth great and wide signifieth ire and hardnesse A little mouth signifieth melancholly heavinesse hard wit and evill thought He that hath great lippes hath a token of rudenesse and default of wit Thin Lippes signifieth liquerousnesse and leasing Teeth even set and thin betokeneth a true lover letcherous and of good complexion Long teeth and great signifying hastinesse and yre Long eares signifieth folly but it is a sign of good memory Little eares signifieth letchery and theft A person that hath a good voice well sounding is hardy wise and well spoken A mean voice that is not small ne too great signifieth wit purveiance truth and right wittinesse A man that speaketh hastily is of value A great voice in a woman is an evill sign A soft voice signifieth a person full of envie of suspicion and leasings An over-small voice signifieth great heart and folly Great voice signifieth hastynesse and ire A man that stirreth alway when he speaketh and changeth voyce is envious nice drunk lewd and evill conditioned A person that speaketh temperatly without moving is of perfect understanding of good condition and of good