Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	air_n	element_n	fire_n	13,062	5	7.1789	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05370	Ravvleigh his ghost. Or a feigned apparition of Syr VValter Rawleigh to a friend of his, for the translating into English, the booke of Leonard Lessius (that most learned man) entituled, De prouidentia numinis, & animi immortalitate: written against atheists, and polititians of these dayes. Translated by A. B.; De providentia numinis, et animi immortalitate. English	Lessius, Leonardus, 1554-1623.; Knott, Edward, 1582-1656.; Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.	1631 (1631)	STC 15523; ESTC S102372	201,300	468

no other end then that the maintainers thereof should not be forced to acknowledge the world to be gouerned by diuyne Prouidence against which Prouidence they had a mighty auersion it selfe of necessity being most formidable and dreadfull to a mynd wallowing in all wickednes voluptuousnes as is euidently gathered out of Lucretius and Pliny That the world and the parts thereof cannot receaue their being from themselues is no lesse euident First among subblunary bodyes as all those be which are vnder the Moone those which are most perfect as Man other liuing Creatures cannot be of themselues for how can those things receaue their being frō themselues which need a preparation and concourse of so many causes that they may be borne and so many externall helpes and furtherrances that they may liue Or how can that be of it selfe which is extinguished perished with so great a facility Here perhaps it may be replyed that those bodies which be Indiuidua as particuler men are not of themselues but that the humane nature in generall as being eternall or for euer is of it selfe and that the like may be said of other Species or kindes of things But this is spoken ignorantly seeing the Species of any creature or body is not a thing separated from the Indiuidua as certaine Platonickes dreamed but doth exist in the Indiuidua neither hath it any esse or being in rerum natura but only by reason of the Indiuidua Yea for exāple species humana or the whole kynd of men is nothing els but the whole multitude of particuler men which haue beene are and may be as they all beare a liknes of nature among themselues Now then if Indiuiduall and particuler Men do depend of another cause then must also the whole Species or kynd which is not distinguished à parte rei as the Philosophers speake from the Indiuidua depend also of another cause This point is further manifested in that the whole Species or kynd may vtterly be extinguished or perishd But what dependeth not of another but hath it being only of it selfe cannot be extinguished for what is of it selfe did neuer begin but had euer its existency and therefore cannot cease or desist to be That it neuer begun is proued in that what once did begin sometimes was not and therefore it is produced as the phrase is à non esle ad esse from the not being of a thing to the being of the thing it selfe Now a thing cannot produce or cause it selfe and the reason is because that which doth produce ought to precede or go before that therby it may draw that which is to be produced à non esle ad esse Therefore whatsoeuer beginneth once to be is produced of another consequently receaueth not it s being of it self for to haue its being of it selfe is to haue its essēce without the influxe of any other efficient cause Therefore it is auident that what is of it selfe did neuer begin therefore shall neuer end and on the contrary syde what did begin hath not its being from it selfe but is necessarily produced of another Furthermore euery thing compounded of matter and forme cannot be of it selfe but necessarily is produed of some efficient cause which must dispose the matter and produce the forme and ioyne the forme to the matter for the matter neither receaueth those dispositions nor the forme from its owne essence since they may be separated therefore this vnion of the matter the forme is occasioned by some extrinsecal cause The same may be said of euery thing consisting of parts for seing the parts are not through any necessity vnited among themselues but may be mutually separated one from another it must needes follow that this vnion proceedeth from some cause which ioyned the parts togeather From these premises afore it appeareth that also the Elements as the earth the water the ayre and the fire are not of thēselues but haue some efficient begining for if those things which are most perfect for their nature among these sublunary bodyes haue not their being from themselues but from some other cause then much more those bodies which are most imperfect as the Elements are must for their being depend of another for to be of it selfe and not to depend of another is a signe of greatest perfection seing what is thus in nature is to it selfe the origen and fountaine of all good and standeth not in need of any thing externall Furthermore the Elements are not for themselues but for others I meane as they are parts of the world and as they afford matter to compounded bodyes therfore they haue not their being from themselues for that Axiome in Philosophy is true to wit Quod habet causam finalem ad quam ordinetur habet etiam efficientem à qua ordinetur What hath a final cause to the which it is directed and ordained the same hath also an efficient cause by the which it is so ordained for nothing is of it selfe to the end that it may serue another but that it may enioy it selfe Therefore euen in this respect that any thing is non propter se sed propter aliud not for it owne self but that it may conduce and be seruiceable to some other thing it followeth that the same thing is ordained by some one which hath intended the good of another Besides in that the Elemēts do enioy this or that magnitude or greatnes this place or that place in respect of the whole space and place in the world they receaue not this from thēselues seing their essence necessarily exacteth none of these circumstances therefore they take them from some extrinsecall cause which appointeth to euery one of the Elements their measure or greatnes their place or situation To conclude the Elements are subiect to so many mutations and changes and to so great a need of extrinsecall causes as that in regard hereof how can it be possibly conceaued that they should be of themselues or be at their owne fredome and liberty and in respect of their being not to depend of another These former reasons do conuince that Materia prima whereof the Philosophers do teach that all things were first made hath not its being from it selfe but from some other cause For this Materia prima either is not distinguished from the Elements as many auncient Philosophers did should who taught that the Elements are mere simple bodies without composition of matter or forme and the last subiect of all former or els if it be distinguished from thē as Aristotle with his followers maintained then is it far more imperfect then the Elements as seruing but for their matter whereof they are made Therefore seing this Materia prima is most imperfect and next to Nothing being subiect to all mutations and as it were a seruant to all natural causes and being of it owne nature depriued of all forme wherwith to be inuested and

therefore only in the muscles there are six thousand for thus writeth Galen Eadem ars c. The same art is to be seene about all the bowels indeed about euery part so as if one consider the scopi which the structure of mans body hath the multitude of them would rise vnto some myriades And here upon Galene concludeth that mans body is framed by some most wise and most puissant workeman It was not sufficient that mans body should consist of bones and muscles but withall it was needfull that it should haue naturall heat by the which it might liue bloud by which it might be nourished spirits by the which it might moue and excrcise its senses for without this spirit the soule could neither vse any sense nor the body moue it selfe for seing the spirit is of a most attenuated and thin substance as a thing betwene the most subtile soule and the grosse body it is therefore the immediate and next instrument or Organum of the soule by meanes whereof the soule causeth in the body motion and sense and without the which there can be no distribution of nourishment made through out the whole body Therefore the diuyne Prouidence hath fabricated and made three principall parts in mans body by the which these operations may be performed to wit the Hart the ●●uar and the braine The Hart is ordained for the vital heat and spirits of the whole body the Liuer for the sanguineous bloody and naturall spirits and the braine for the animal spirits To these three other externall instruments parts of the body are seruiceable To the Liuer belong the teeth the Esophagus and the stomacke to affoard the matter of blood or a certaine concocted iuyce which is called Chylus The Intestin●● or entrals do serue partly to trāsmit send this Chylus through the Mesaraical veynes to the Liuer and partly to deonerate disburden the body of the excrementall part of meat and food Furthermore to the Liuer belongs that vessel called folliculus fellis the receptacle of gall that therby after the Chylus is once turned into blood it may draw to it selfe containe the more sharpe matter or substance of nourishment which matter would be otherwise hurtfull to the body The Liene or Splene conduceth that it may attract to it the more grosse and seculent parts of blood The Reynes that they may sucke vp the raw and redundant wheish matter being mixt with blood and after they do send it through the vessels of vryne to the bladder to be auoided in conuenient tyme. The Longs are seruiceable to the Hart wherby the Hart is refrigerated and cooled and the vitall spirits recreated and refreshed through the often attraction and expiration of new and fresh ayre Now the spirits are engendred after this sort The meate being once concocted the best iuyce of it is transferred to the Liuer This transmission or sending it thither is made partly by the vitall compression or closing of the stomacke and partly by the vertue of the veynes of the Intestine called Ieiunum and other innumerable veynes which being placed in the mesenterium or in the midle of the bowels haue apower of sucking to them The Liuer then receiuing the Chylus through a fistula or hollow pipe turneth it throgh its owne natural disposition into blood and after that the more thin parts therof it chāgeth into a vapour which commonly is called spiritus naturalis this vapour distendeth enlargeth and openeth the veynes and pores of the body One part of this blood the liuer by meanes of vena caua which proceedeth or ryseth from it selfe sendeth to the heart Then through the heate of the hart this blood is wonderfully extenuated and refyned first in the right ventricle of the Heart and after in the left ventricle so a great part therof is conuerted into a most subtill and thin vapour of which vapor one part is sent frō the Heart to the brayne by a great Arterie there being elaborated againe clarifyed tempered in that fould of small arteries which is commonly called rete mirabile it becomes spiritus animalis the Animall spirits do serue only to sense and motion which are peculiar functions of a liuing Creature The rest of these spirits being mingled with most thin and pure blood the Hart distributeth through out the whole body through the Arteries conseruing and maintaining herby the natural heat of the body and this spirit is vsually tearmed spiritus vitalis And here now we are briefly to shew how both kynds of these spirits and bloud is dispersed throughout the whole body that therby we may the better apprehend by how admirable and wonderfull a Wisedome all these things are thus disposed Our body consisteth of heat and moisture The heat dayly consumeth and spendeth the moisture vapouring it away into ayre as the like appeareth by water exposed to the Sunne or to fyer which by little and little vanisheth away And thus all the mēbers and entrals of mans body would soone decay and dry away if there were no instauration and repairing thereof made by nourishment The immediate next nourishment of the body is blood and therefore it is requisite that blood be distributed through the body that all parts of it be nourished therewith The Liuer is the shop as it were of bloud Therefore from the Liuer there are drawne two great veynes the one going vpwards the other downwards the body both which do after brāch and diuyde themselues into seuerall lesser veynes these againe into lesser and lesser till they end in most small veynes and to the eye scarce visible These veynes go towards the bowels to the muscles in them they are terminated and implanted Seing then that there are aboue six hundred muscles and that for the most part many small veynes do run into euery muscle it cōmeth to passe that besides those inuisisible veynes which for their smalnes are called venae capillares as resembling in quātity the haires of a mans head there are some thousands of veynes or rather branches of veines which do rise and take their beginning from the two former great veynes Now by this meanes it is effected that there is not the least part of the body but there is nourishment brought to it The making and vertue of the veynes is wonderfull for they consist of fibrae or small strings and these are direct oblique or transuerse By the direct fibrae they attract and suck blood by the oblique they retaine and keep it and by the transuerse they transmit it further to the muscles and other extreme parts The same art and prouidēce is obserued in the concauityes hollownes of the intestina or bowels they haue the power of keeping bloud which once bursting out of them doth instantly putrifye and ingendreth diseases as we may obserue in Plurisyes Contusions and inflāmations The wheish humour is mingled with bloud for the more easy

mountaynes which teacheth that the first proceeded of Earthquakes by reason that the ayre and other such spirituall substance which being included in the bowels of the earth did aduance and lift vp the higher part therof This opinion might with some probability be maintayned if it were deliuered only of some certayne little hils But it cannot with any show or colour of lykelyhood be verifyed of that great multitude of most huge mountaines possessing many mediterranean places and extending in length 800. or 1000. myles But omitting many other strong reasons by the which this fiction is refuted I conclude that the saltnes of the Sea was first giuen to it by the authour and maker of it who as he implanted contrary to the course of nature a fecundity in the earth for the bringing out and nourishing of plants and liuing Creatures so the like the bestowed vpon the sea for the production ingendring and feeding of fishes From all which speculatiōs it is most necessarily gathered and inferred that al these things aboue mentioned were so disposed and ordained for the vse and benefit of Man by some most wise and most powerfull Intelligence since all things euen besides their naturall condition do serue and become obedient to the vse of mans life and al do finally propend and are directed to this end Neither can there be rendred any other reason why they should be ordered in such sort as they are but only for the emolument commodity and seruice of Man Neither it is in any sort preiudicial to the being of a diuyne Prouidence that by reason and meanes of impetuous wynds hayle thunder earthquakes infection of the ayre inundation of waters drouthes the like men do often suffer great calamities miseries since these things do more euidently demonstrate the being of the said prouidence For as it is the property of a Prouident and wise Prince so to dispose his lawes tribunals or Iustice seats towers prouision of warres c. that they may be directed to the good and security of his subiects as long as they liue in due allegiance and duty towards him and the same things also to turne to their chastisings and punishments if after they should once endeauour to shake of the yoke of subiection Euen so although that supreme Power or spirit hath finally created the heauens the Elements for the seruice of man yet hath he so tempered these things that withall they may serue as scourges for the castigation of sinners which chasticement may neuertheles be beneficiall to such who know to make true vse thereof as hereafter we will shew Some here may obiect contrary to our former doctrine that such things wherof we haue intreated before haue not their euēt from any particuler end to the which they are by any intelligent cause directed but only by reason as the Philosophers phrase dialect here is necessit●tis materiae through the nature of the matter forcing or causing such effects as for example it is naturall that through the heat of the Sunne vapours and exhalations be attracted from the Earth the Sea the which being eleuated aboue are repelled backe by the cold of the midle Region so do cause wynds or els being gathered into clouds do minister matter for fayne snow and haile from which sp●ngs and flouds do after take their sou●ce and beginning I answere hereto and confesse that some of those things may seeme to take such their euents from their matter whereof they are made But this discouereth a greater and worth ver disposall of the diuyne Prouidence by the which the vniuersall cause of things to wit the motion of the Sunne staris is ●o ordayned and gouerned as that without ●●e c●course of any other efficiēt cause it can occasiō the foresaid things as wynds ●●●●e and the like at such tymes and in such s●●so●s as are most conuenient for the producing and nourishing of plants and liuing creatures and for the benefit of man And therefore these effects do thu● fall out not only throgh the ●●●o●●emēt of the matter but withall through the various aspect and applicatiō of the vniuersal cause A●d herto for the greater fulnes of our answere herein that the disposition and placing of the Sea and the earth the first beginning large extension of mountaines the channels of riuers c cannot be referred to any necessity of matter or force of nature but are necessarily produced by art and Prouidence as is aboue shewed And thus it falleth out that for example Egipt being destitute of raine is in the summer tyme so watered with the inundation of Nilus therby so couered ouer with a fat vnctious ●ly me as it becometh most fertill In like sort one of the Iles of the Canaryes ca●led Ferr● wanting altogether sweet water is supplyed heerein by diuyne Prouidence from a tree there growing whose nature is such as that it daily distilleth like vnto a spring or foūtaine a certaine sweet humour which serueth for drinke both to man and beasts Now besides the heauenly and Elementary bodyes of which we haue spoken afore there are found three perfect kynds of mixed bodies to wit liuing Creatures Plants and all such things as are to be digged out of the bowels of the earth al which no doubt were first created and made for the vse of Man considering that we see they are subiect to Man he ruling ouer thē and applying them at his pleasure to his owne vse and benefit From all which this one true resultācy or conclusion may infallibly be gathered that all this aspectable world with all the things which it containeth was first made for the cause of Man and that it serues for the tyme as a most ample and fayre house furnished with all things seruing either for necessity or pleasure and delicacy in the which man is placed to the end that he acknowledging a diuyne and supernaturall power to be the authour of this world may loue reuerence and adore the said power and that he may vse these things according to the true vse and prescript of Reason whether they conduce to the maintenance and sustentation of his body or solace and comfort of his mynd or to the health and increase of knowledge For seing the ranke of things intelligible and endu●d with Reason is the highest and most worthy among al things created it followeth that man as being an intelligent and reasonable creature is of a more eminent nature degree and order then any other thing in the whole world Therfore man ought to be the end of all things in the world and they to exist and be for his vse For man only considereth al things in the world apprehendeth all things and vseth and enioyeth all things Man only also feeleth and discerneth the sweetnes beauty of al things who being as it were a certaine secondary Numen or diuyne power doth produce and create by the help of his vnderstanding al this

and agreable to the nature of the thing itselfe as these things are Neither only in Man but in the Species or kynds of other liuing Creatures the artifice and skill of these three members are found for seing all liuing Creatures enioy sense and motion it is therefore needfull that they haue animall spirits and consequētly a brayne sorting to its nature which is the shop of those spirits as also that they haue sinews deryued from the braine by the which the spirits are deferred and carryed to the Muscles In like sort because al liuing Creatures are nourished it is requisite that they haue a Liuer which prepareth and concocteth the nourishment and veynes by the help of which the nourishment is transferred to each part as also naturall spirits seeing by the benefit of these the aliment penetrateth all parts of the body Finally because the foresaid Creatures are to be cherished with a certaine natiue heate of their owne wherby they may liue it is expedient that they haue a hart from the which the natiue heat and vitall spirits are dispersed and arteryes by the which they are so dispersed Now these three principall mēbers are most appositly and aptly framed and disposed in liuing Creatures not after one and the same maner but after different sorts according to the different nature of the said Creatures and therefore they are found in flies gnats fleas and the least wormes For these small creatures haue their braine their Liuer their sinews arteryes and veynes fabricated and made with wonderfull subtility their inward parts are not confounded in themselues nor of one forme but they haue seuerall perfect organs vnmixte they being of different temperature different faculty different vse different forme different connexion and of different place or situation yet made with such an invisible tenuity and smalnes as is incomprehensible to mans wit And this poynt is fully manifested by the sharpnes of their senses their swiftnes of motion their strange and great industry and sagacity Now it we consider the externall and outward parts of liuing Creatures how wonderfu●ly is euery part appropriated to its peculiar v●e end How easy expedite and quicke functions and motions haue they And how great variety is there of them according to the variety of their kinds Birds are made with small heads sharpe becks the more easily therby to cline and pie●ce the ayre with crooked pounces wherewith to hold fast the boughes of the trees wherupon they sit with fethers growing backward that their flying be not hindred which feathers ly close to the body whyle they fly that the ayre may the lesse enter among them their wings are most light and so framed as they may easily open and close for flying being fitted with a soft hollownes to receaue ayre in while they flye and to couer their body straitly and comely Such of them as feed vpon flesh haue most strong hooked beckes to teare the flesh asunder and sharpe and crooked tallants to apprehend and hould it Such as feed vpon the water haue log necks that they may dyue in to the water the deeper with their head To conclude how many colours are there ●n seuerall kynds of byrds How pleasant is the beauty of their wings How great is the difference of their sound and voyces How sweet is the singng of some of them And euen in some of those which haue but a very small body how shrill and piercing is the sound they make The making of forefooted beasts because they go vpon the ground is farre ●●fferēt from the former Such as feed vpon flesh and liue vpon preying haue the members of their bodies fit and accommodated for prey In their mouth they haue two teeth aboue and two below long and strong to hold and teare a sunder their clawes sharpe and faulked or hooked to hold fast which clawes when they goe they so beare that they are not worne in catching their prey they stretch them out like fingars Those other beasts as feed vpon hearbs leaues or fruits haue their teeth and hoofs otherwise formed For the order of their teeth are eauen and equall one not being lōger then an other of which the furthermost are sharpe to cut the grasse or the new buds of trees flowers the inwardmost are broad blunt to grynd and make small the meat Their hoofs are firme and plaine that they may stand firmerly that their feet be not ouerpressed with the weight of their body Their neck of that length as stāding vprightly they may grase vpon the grasse and so accordingly Camels by reason of the hugenes of their body haue a very long necke But in an Elephant it is otherwise to whom a long necke would become deformed and would haue made that huge weight of his body to be vnapt to the defence of himselfe Therefore an Elephant hath a most short necke yet in liew therof a long snout with the which as with a hand it taketh any thing and reacheth it to his mouth Now who seeth not that all these things are thus purposely disposed and framed with wonderfull wisedome consideration And to come to ●ihes How fitly and proportionatly are then bodies framed to lyue in the Element of water The head of most of them is narrow the better therby to cut the water the tayle broad and spread out which serueth as 〈◊〉 to guyde the fishes motion with an extraordinary celerity and swiftnes They haue also close to their belly certaine fins wherof some haue two others foure or more these stand insteed of oares as it were by the helpe wherof they either moue in the water or stay their mouing vpon their backe they haue a certaine finne like vnto a skin which they stretch out that they may swin with their bodies downeward and that they may not easily be cast vpon their backs Their gils which they haue vpon the side of their chawes deserue for the casting out of water both of that which they daily draw in to the refrigeration of their hart as also of that which entreth into them whyle they are in taking of their food and nourishment And therefore such fishes as want these gils haue insteed of them certaine holes by the which they disburden themselues of this water And without this help of auoydance it is certaine that they would be presently suffocated and choaked as wanting all respiration Their Scales grow backward to the end they may be no hinderance to their swiming which when the fishes are in motion close neare together Such fishes as breath not much want lungs or lights and haue their hart thinly couered ouer neere vnto their mouth that it may be easily refrigerated and cooled by the attraction of water Those of a strong respiration haue lungs with which the hart is couered and other instruments fitting to the same end To conclude the kynds of fishes and variety of their formes is almost innumerable

euery one of them hauing their outward and inward parts and members most aptly framed to their vses and ends so nothing is there to be found which is not disposed with all reason wisedome prouidence Neither is this variety of formes elegancy of structure to be found only in the bodies of fishes but also in shels with the which the small fishes though imperfect in nature are couered Of these Shels their beauty and variety is wonderfull although they serue to no other vse then to couer and arme the small bodies of their fishes For there is no where greater shew of diuyne arte and skil then in these especially where there is produced such variety without any seed and only out of a formed Element as appeareth from the testimony of Pliny himselfe T●● ibi colorum differentiae c. So many differences of colours in Shels so many figures and formes as plaine hollow long horned as the moone gathered together in a round forme smooth rough c with many other formes by him recyted then after he further writeth Nitor puritas c. The shining purity is incredible in diuers of them exceeding ●ll mettals of gold and siluer and not to be corrupted but in a most long space tyme. This further is worthy of consideration in liuing Creatures To wit To man in that he is endued with reason there is giuē at his birth neither any thing to cloath his body nor any weapon for his owne defēce but in place of these Hands are giuen him with the which he may make to himselfe all kynd of vestmēts or weapons to weare or lay by at his pleasure But to beasts because they cannot make and procure these things to themselues they therefore receiue thē euen frō a most benigne and diuyne Prouidēce and they increase with the increasing of the beasts neither do they allat any time need any repayring For weapons are giuen to some Hornes to others Teeth to others Clawes to others strength in their feet to others a sharpe dart in their tayles to others a venemous poyson in their teeth or their hoofes and this endangereth their Enemies either by touching or breathing Of others their safety doth lye in their speedines of flying away or in their naturall craft and deceipt or in the hardnes of their shels wherwith they are couered or in the pricks of their skins which some of them can cast from them against their enemies Insteed of Cloth wherwith they are couered some haue haire others wool fethers scales a sharpe hard pil or rynd shels a smooth skin yet of sufficient hardnes Furthermore their is in euery liuing 〈◊〉 a vertue o● power by the which all these veapons and vestments as it were are framed in conuenient places formes and colours and this out of the earthly gros●er part of the nourishment or meat otherwise improfitable and but to be purged away Therefore we may worthily admire Gods Prouidence herein which turneth the matter otherwise hurtfull for the nourishing of the body into such necessary vses I heere pretermit the most diuers formes and shapes of those liuing creatures which are commonly called Insecta as flies gnats and the like as also all little wormes with the which the ayre the earth the fields the riuers and standing waters do abound in the Summer time Al parts or members in them are wonderfully fa●e all most exactly framed and all most perfectly agreing and fitting to the functions for which they were made Among so many kinds of which small liuing bodies there is not one so base and vyle which is not able to procure an astonishing admiration in whom behold them attentiuely Yea by how much the creature ie more base and abiect by so much the more the art of diuyne Prouidence shineth in the fabricke and making of it The like Prouidence is shewed in the making of Plants which comming out of the earth do remaine fixed to the earth wherof there are many kinds most diuers formes of the said kynds Nothing is in thē which is without the height and fulnes o● reason All their parts most aptly sort to their ends The rootes whether it be a tree a young bud or an hearb do serue to ●asten the whole plant to the earth and to sucke from thence humour for the nourishing of al its parts The vertue of the rootes is strange seing the greatest trees that are though neuer so much diffused and spred out into brāches are by their rootes ●o affixed to the earth that no force of wynds can leuell thē with the earth The Barke or outward ●ynd seruing as a cloathing to them defenc● them from cold and heat and from the encounter of any other domageable thing The Bowes and branches are directed for the greater increase of fruites The leaues serue partly for ornament and parly for the safty of the fruits least they perish through heat and showers The fruit serues for the continuance of the seed and in most of them for food of men and other liuing creatures and therefore they are more full of suck and there is greater store of them then the continuance of the seed requireth as appeareth in apples peares melions and many other kynds of fruits Plants do want Muscles because they want motion and do cleaue immoueably to the earth All parts euen from the lowest peece of the roote to the highest of the leaues are ful of pores they haue a power of sucking in and what they sucke in they do assimilate make it the same with the substance of the tree The leaues and fruyte do hang by a little stalke which cōsisteth of many fibrae or smal strings through the stalke all the iuyce passeth which after is dispersed through the pores of the fibrae into all parts of the leaues and fruites in a most strange manner The stalkes do not adhere or cleaue to the boughes by any fibrae which are continued to the boughes but by such as are inserted in them and glewed or ioyned together through the force of a certaine humour The which humour being once dryed the fruyt and the leaues either freely of themselues or with very small pulling do fall downe In the Medulla or marrow of the Plant there is a genitall power or vertue and therfore it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or in Latin Matrix the which marrow being taken away though the tree do beare fruite yet is this fruite destitute of seed Euen as the roote the stocke of the tree and the boughes or branches do consist of the barke the wood and the marrow so the fruite consisteth of the barke of that part which is commonly called Pulpa and of the seed The sucke and humours of the earth being attracted by the roote and dispersed by the fibrae into the body and the boughes and perfectly con●octed the watery parts being improfitable to the tree or to that woodden substance whatsoeuer the

the season and tyme of this world shal be carryed according to their owne peculiar motions and forces the reynes of working thus or not thus being freely granted to mans nature Therefore where greater industry or power is found though lesse iustice or equity there it is commonly accōpanyed with more happy and fortunate euents The reasons of Gods permission here in are aboue set downe and vnfoulded Ad hereto that though the endeauours of the wicked may for the tyme be ouer preuailing yet there is no perpetuity or continuance thereof for this prosperity is for the most part tempered or rather ouer ballanced with many aduersities and afflictions Seing many there are who either in their first beginnings or in their progresse at what tyme they hould themselues most free from all sudden conuulsiōs of misery and infelicity are vtterly ouerthrowne This appeareth first in the most celebrious famous Monarchies that euer haue flourished for we read that the Monarchy of the Assyrians was ouerthrowne by the Chaldeans that of the Chaldeans by the Persians and the Medes this of the Persians by the Grecians the monarchy of the Grecians by the Romans which is at this presēt much obscured of its former honour and brought to great straits Againe the same point is also made cleare in the persōs of the Monarchs themselues if we but cōsider the calamityes and miseryes which the most powerfull and most formidable among them haue sustained For Nabuchodonozor being placed vpon the highest pinacle of prosperity and after the ouerthrow of so many Countries and nations was suddēly stroken with a sentence from heauen and compelled to liue in desart places after the manner of beasts Baltasar nephew to the former being deuoted and giuen to epicurisme and sensuality was flame in that very night when his Citty was taken Cyrus when he had obtained the honour of so many victories was with the losle of his army pittifully massacred by the Scithians Xerxes with his forces consisting of three hundred thousand fighting men was shafully ouercome by the Grecians almost extinguished Alexander the great after the dissolution of the Persian Empire and subiugation of diuers other kingdomes to his command dyed without any heires and left his kingdomes to be shared by his Generals and Leaders who after through mutuall and inward afflictions so weakned and impouerished themselues as that in the end they were brought vnder the yo●ke of the Romans Now for the Romans with what sweating paynes and labours did they rise and grow dreadfull With what calamityes were they often worne out and wearyed With what intestine and ciuill warres were they afflicted What exorbitant and vnaccustomed crueltyes suffered they of their Generals and Emperours Finally how many of their Generals and Emperours after their incessant and indefatigable paines vndertakēfor the honour of their countries were ignominiously and basely handled and in the end cruelly butchered Certainly it were an infinite labour to insist in all the particulars of this kind For if a man will but peruse either the ancient or moderne and later historyes he shall find many in euery age whose vnlawfull attempts and labours though they were extraordinarily furnished and enabled with power forces had most vnfortunate and deplorable successes the Prouidence of God interposing it selfe and disturbing al their wicked motions endeauours according to that of the Psalme 32. Dominus dissipat cōsilia gentium c. THE THIRD ARGVMENT CHAP. XX. VVE see that all naturall things do euer proceed after one and the same manner and do retayne one course and order As the Sunne for exāple we obserue to ryse to set to runne or renew his circles and to make with his approach and departure the accustomed seasons of the yeare In like sort all sublunary bodyes to grow decay and one to be procreated and generated of another without end to the perpetuity or continuance of it species or kind Now all this procedure and carriage of things riseth from the force of nature which is accustomed to hold so perfect constant an order And therefore saith the Atheist no other Prouidence or Deity besides nature is to be sought after neither any rewards or punishments are to be expected I answere first say that the Atheists of these dayes do chiefly support themselues with this argument as S. Peter prophecyed in his second epistle c. 7. Venient in nouissimis diebus c. To the which point himselfe doth answere to wit that the promises of God by the which he hath promised his eternall kingdome are not to be accoūted as vaine because they seeme to be deferred for a lōg tyme since what is long in tyme to vs is most short to God for a thousand yeares to him who comprehendeth Eternity it selfe is but as one day or rather as a moment of tyme. Againe all that procrastination and delay proceedeth frō the benignity of God by the which he expecteth each mans saluation Furthermore they erre who affirme the world euer to continue in one the same state for long since it was ouerflowed with water and hereafter it shal be consumed with fyar then there shal be created new heauens and a new earth Besides all such things as may seeme to proceed by force of nature are indeed the workes of an intelligent mynd and of Prouidence for these two do not impugne the one the other for the motion of the heauens the situation of the stars the disposal of the earth mountaines riuers and seas the formes of liuing Creatures and plants as also their beginnings increase propagation are the works of Prouidence as aboue we haue fully demonstrated Neither is the constancy of things incompatible or repugnant to Prouidence seing this constācy is assigned to things by an intellectuall Prouidence that they may the more commodiously serue mankind vntill the end of this world appointed and determined by God be come THE FOVRTH ARGVMENT CHAP. XXI THE fourth argument is taken from the similitude of being borne of growing increasing waxing old and dying which is indifferenly common to men with beasts as also from the conformity of corporeall members in them both From which consideration the Atheist argueth that men are absolutely vtterly extinguished by death as well as vnreasonable creatures I answere that this illation is most inconsequēt for although man in respect of his affections or passions of the mind be like to beasts yet with referēce to the nature of his soule he is infinitly more excellent then they are In which consideration man approacheth more neere to God and incorporeall spirits then to beasts And therefore it is no wonder if the body being corrupted the soule remayneth immortall But this argument rather belōgeth to the second booke wherof the subiect is touching the Immortality of the soule though secondarily and by way of consequence only it impugneth the nature of Prouidence THE FIFTH ARGVMENT CHAP. XXII IF there be a Diuine Power it is credible that