Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	air_n	element_n	fire_n	13,062	5	7.1789	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A03380	The schoole of skil containing two bookes: the first, of the sphere, of heauen, of the starres, of their orbes, and of the earth, &c. The second, of the sphericall elements, of the celestiall circles, and of their vses, &c. Orderly set forth according to art, with apt figures and proportions in their proper places, by Tho. Hill.	Hill, Thomas, b. ca. 1528.; Jaggard, William, 1569-1623.	1599 (1599)	STC 13502; ESTC S104125	144,541	253

of the world which is contayned within the hollowe vpper face of the Moones Orbe and Sphere in which are all corruptible bodies and thinges harmed by diuerse alterations except the minde of man the causes of which are the contrary actions of the first qualities Also the foure Elements are simple bodies which into parts of diuers forms cannot be deuided yet through the mutuall commixion of these are diuerse kinds of bodies caused Therefore whatsoeuer bodies are in the Elementary region bee either simple myxt or compound bodies In that the mixt bodies are all those which may be deuided into parts of diuerse kinds To these of the foure Elements the next ioyning within the hollow vpper face of the Moones Orbe is the most thinne Ayre being the lightest of the Elements kindled through the dayly moouing about of the celestiall circles which for this congruency with the fire named the elemental fire that is dayly drawn about by the Orbs compassing it which may appeare by the Comettes and other fiery kindes ingendred in the same Element of a hot and dry vapoure that are likewise caried about The next within that doth the ayre runne being a heauier Element then the fire yet lighter then the water which also is drawne about by a like motion as may appeare by the clouds and other like impressions ingendred in the same but to the nether region of the same consist the laterall motions as wée dayly sée by the blowing of the windes Farther Vitellio in his tenth booke and 60. chapter affirmeth that the cloudes are distant from the vpperface of the earth 25000. paces or 13. Germayne myles But acording to same writers they are vnequally distant from the earth as somewhiles further off and somewhiles néerer to the earth For when the cloudes are furthest distant from the earth they are but 772000. paces and being nearest the earth are 288000. paces distant To conclude this Elemente compasseth and encloseth both the earth and water by his largenesse The nexte Element to the Ayre which mooueth is the water for the same is mooued by a motion of flowing and ebbing which it maketh after the motion of the moone in that it floweth sixe houres and ebbeth so many vntill the moone by the motion of the first moouer hath passed about all the quarters of heauen Also the water hath a motion and that downward into the earth so that these two ioynt ly annexed make as it were one body Yet the earth béeing the heauiest Elemente hath a motion attributed as it were simply downwarde vnto the middle notwithstanding agréed of all men that the same is immouable and the Centre of the world These foure that is the fire ayre water and earth are named to be the foure Elements and both the simple and Original matters of which all mixt bodies are compounded and made The proofe that there is onely fowre Elements is this that to each Element the two first qualities agrée and the Combynations the like of the foure qualities as of heate and dryeth which consist in the fire of moysture and heat which rest in the ayre of coldnesse and moysture which be in the water of drynesse coldnesse which is found in the earth By these it is euident that there are but foure Elements of which heate excéedeth in the fire moysture in the ayre coldnesse in the water and drynesse in the earth To conclude it appeareth that heat with colde and moysture with dryeth cannot aptly be ioyned What the Starres are and that as to the motion of their Orbes they are carried about THe Ethereall region contayneth the Starres which are the thicker parts of their Orbs perfit rounde cleare most pure and simple and frée of any mixture except the Moor which is darker then the others yea variable and shadowed And these fastened to their Orbes by which in certayne continuall and appoynted times and orders are drawne about and performe their returnes in the determinate spaces of times and those continually agréeing in themselues that they may so ingender the differences and orders of times and in the inferiour nature prepare and cause the first quallities and other effects The Sunne the fountaine of light doth not onely giue light and make shine cleare the inferiour bodies but the superiour also by the brightnesse and light of his beames But the Stars seeing with a borrowed light they shine which is far weaker then the sunnes therefore with that strange light which they take properly of the sun doe they shine although vnlike to the sun For into all the starres which by nature are rounde about thynne and penetrable is the sunnes light equally shed and pearceth and so filleth all that they are subiect to no times of encreasing and decreasing of light But the Moone séeing it is an vnperfit body and that it hath the partes some where thynne somewhere thicker and better compact therfore doth it not equally nor round about receiue the sunnes light So that the thynner parts take more of the sunnes light and of the same doe clearer shine But the lesser shadowed parts which also are seene appeare darker as the spots in the moone do shew That the bodies of the starres are round doe the round formes in the Eclipses of the sun and moone shew yea in what parts of the world those Eclipses happen doe the bodies also of the starres at that time appeare perfit round Although the bodies of the starres be knowne by sundry reasons to be round as a bowl yet by their great distance from the earth appeare to vs as playne or flat Nor the Starres are not moued by their owne proper motions but by the Accydentary as vnto the motion of the Orbs to which they hang as partes vnto the motion of the whole For to euery round body doe two proper motions onely belong as a moning to and fro and turning about Therefore the Starres séeing they be round are by some proper and principall motion caried round But the fixed Stars are not so moued rounde in that they turned about doe not altar the same face or body which they once turned and shewed to vs but that the same shoulde of necessity happen like being turned round in one place about their Exe-trée with the others in the same motion béeing in the parts far distant and the others then set and hidde vnder the earth Nor are they turned hither and thither in that they neuer change the standing and place which they haue in their Orbe which to those caried hither and thither woulde happen Therefore not by a proper and chiefe motion are they caried about but by an accidentary drawing about of their Orbes which what the same is shall after appeare That Heauen is drawne round THe Ethereal region do the Philosophers also name quinta essentia or as it were a fifte body constituted aboue the foure Elementes being incorruptible deuine consisting of the noblest and purest part of the ayre Which also is placed aboue

and Orchades that be into the North and East which is distant from the furthest bound of Scotland but thrée dayes sayling if prosperous windes bée their helpe At this day men haue found beyond Thylen but somwhat into the East and most large bounds stretched and found beyond the articke or Northerly cyrcle these are whole without breaking of any sea betwéene and containe Suetia Norway Iseland Grunland and Lapeland The kingdome of Suetia appeareth most large and containeth sundry nations and people among which they are of most account the East and West Gutland people inhabiting neare to Norway And vnder the King of Suetia are the Lapeland people as the Finelapons and Dikilapons where are a wild and fierce people dwelling almost vnder the pole articke especially the Lapeland people to whome the sun neuer setteth in the summer for 40. dayes space Aboue these inhabit a people of a cubite long or high hauing small and crooked bodies named of some Pigmalions that liue vnder a very darke and bitter cold ayre or sky And aboue Scania néere to the West boundes of Suetia doeth Norway stretch into the North whose vttermost limit extendeth vnto the 71. degrée almost of the Northerly latitude Aboue this is the country named Iseland by reason of the frozen waters and sea where throughout the yeare it so bitterly fréezeth that through the ycie seas there thicke frozen it permitteth no ships to come vnto thē except in the thrée hottest months of the yeare It aboundeth with brimstone and burneth in many places through the sulphure brimstone veines Plinie writeth that the Occean sea in North is very large which in these our dayes is well knowne This also was learned of certaine skillfull sailers which inhabited and very much had traualed this coast that they knew not the limits or bounds of this sea toward the North but supposed that this sea did compasse the whole earth By this sea dwell many and mighty people as the Danes the Swedens Norwaies Gotelandes Finelands Russians and Pruchenians and vnder the pole artick the Laplands The reason why in these places such force of moysture aboundeth is for that a dayly and continuall cold of these places gathereth and thickneth the ayre and by a continual working resolueth into water For when the ayre is not throughly purged by the suns beames then the weaknes of them and far distance of the sun from these places must of necessity bee continually thicke and darke which afterwardes yéeldeth and giueth plentifull floodes by deawes and raines Albert mag in his booke de natura loci and 8. chapter assigneth a witty and laudable reason why the Northerly be inhabitable The cause he setteth downe in that sundry skillfull Mariners affirme that haue many times sailed into the Northerly partes of the Ocean sea that in those places is a continuall darknesse which when men sawe they returned for feare supposing nay rather doubting that none coulde saile any further in that quarter of the worlde through the darknesse and thicke mist which hindreth the direction of their iourney So that the nature of those places cannot bee sufficiently knowne to vs séeing no man as the learned report hath attempted thither through extremitie of colde their bearing sway And for that excéeding cold is a mortifying quality therefore a man may coniecture that few liuing creatures and beasts can there liue c. Yet the part of the Northerly Occean vnto the Easterly side is sufficiently knowne to many trauailers Although the vttermost boundes of the earth are not wholy knowne yet the nearest aprroaching to them shall here bee applied as the longitude of the earth distaunt betwéene Peru the Realme of America and Cathaya to expresse 315. degrées or if any minde to accompt the longitude from the fortunate Iles they may by a whole cyrcle containe them euen as the whole Orbe about in a maner doth partly giue place to the water and are partly dwellings for men beasts and other liuing creatures although some places of the earth bee more inhabited then others But as touching the latitude if towarde the North in the country of Lapous the south toward the vtmost coast of America shal end seing y ● vtmost distance of the earth hath very litle béene noted of this shall small errour be caused If two places offered or giuen be placed vnder the Equatour of which the space is sought then the arke of the difference of latitude is the same with the arke of the distance neither doth the verticiall cyrcle differ from the Equatour For the equatour of either place doeth containe the verticiall points as may appeare in this tryangle noted with A. B. C. Of which if 15. germain miles be wrought into parts of the difference of longitude and any scruples after remaine deuide those by 4. For by so many minutes of a degrée doth a Germain mile answere that the distance shall make As Ptholomie writeth of the places vnder the Equatour The high lande or mountaine of the Satyres in the country of Syna whose longitude is of 175 degrées and no minutes nor hath any latitude Myrica an Ile of Ethiope vnder Aegipt whose longitude is of 85. degrées the angle of the difference of longitude betwéene the meridians of these places is straight or right and containeth a whole quarter or 60. degrées The like are these places standing vnder the equatour Colipolis a citty of India beyond the riuer Ganges which hath the longitude 194. degrées and 20. minutes Essina the greate Mart-towne of Aethiope vnder Aegipt whose longitude is of 70. degrées and 3. minutes The angle of the differēce of longitude which the meridians of these compasse is blunte and containeth 94. degrées and 17. minutes Againe the same or the like meridians containe and make a sharpe angle of 43 degrées as of the citty Nubarta of Taprobane which at this day is Sumatra and Colipolis of Inde beyond or aboue Ganges for it is distant from the west 122. degrées and 20. minutes and this containeth 164. degrées and 20. minutes If two places be giuen the one standing vnder the Equatour and the other distant toward any other quarter from it The first that the angle of the difference of longitude is straight to these here placed In that if two places giuen the one shall be vnder the equatoure but the other distant from the same toward some quarter thē must the angle of the difference of longitude bee considered If the same shal be right then shal the distance of either place be the quadrant of the greatest cyrcle As in this tryangle A. B. C. where the letter A. representeth the Pole of the equatour and the places giuen that the one be standing in the point B. vnder the equatour and the arke A. B. be the quadrant and that the other consisteth in the letter C. the angle then of the difference of longitude being C. A. B. is right By Regio a montano de trangulis appeareth