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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A37035	A commentarie upon the book of the Revelation Wherein the text is explained, the series of the several prophecies contained in that book, deduced according to their order and dependance on each other; the periods and succession of times, at, or about which, these prophecies, that are already fulfilled, began to be, and were more fully accomplished, fixed and applied according to history; and those that are yet to be fulfilled, modestly, and so far as is warrantable, enquired into. Together with some practical observations, and several digressions, necessary for vindicating, clearing, and confirming many weighty and important truths. Delivered in several lectures, by that learned, laborious, and faithfull servant of Jesus Christ, James Durham, late Minister of the Gospel in Glasgow. To which is affixed a brief summary of the whole book, with a twofold index, one of the several digressions, another of the chief and principall purposes and words contained in this treatise.	Durham, James, 1622-1658.	1658 (1658)	Wing D2805; ESTC R216058	1,353,392	814

from other grounds laid down in this prophesie especially compared with the event and numbers here mentioned than to settle upon them alone And therefore because this number which is so often repeated here in so various terms is not altogether to be slighted we shall shew what seemeth most probable to us on the matter afterwards Only if any ask why fourty and two months or three years and an half is pitched on rather than any other time for all these troubles of the Church the Prophets prophesying Antichrists reign c. Answ. That time is pitched on with respect to former trials of the Church and includeth this consolation That as God limitted such and such enemies and closed such troubles so will he do this Antichrist is compared with Antiochus the Churches hiding to Elias fleeing while seven thousand were hid See Iam. 5.17 The Prophets prophesying alludeth to Christs performing His Ministrie for three years and an half His suffering and rising the third day so it is with them their suffering shall have an happy outgate also From which allusions we may gather 1. That the Church during Antichrist shall be in a very mean outward condition 2. That yet there shall be some pure Professors reserved by God 3. That there should be a great multitude professing the name of Christians and claiming the title of the visible Church yet exceeding grosse and superstitious in their worship Lastly That for all their confident asserting themselves to be the only true Church yet even then should they indeed be disclaimed by God and as the outer court being possessed by Gentiles could not ground an interest in Him so neither should an externall profession and pretension to the visible Church be a ground of any real interest in Christ to these pretended Christians LECTURE II. Vers. 3. And I will give power unto my two witnesses and they shall prophesie a thousand two hundred and threescore dayes clothed in sackcloth 4. These are the two olive trees and the two candlesticks standing before the God of the earth 5. And if any man will hurt them fire proceedeth out of their mouth and devoureth their enemies and if any man will hurt them he must in this manner be killed 6. These have power to shut heaven that it rain not in the dayes of their prophesie and have power over waters to turn them to bloud and to smite the earth with all plagues as often as they will THe second part of the description of the Church followeth Iohn describeth the state of the Church at this time from her Ministers and this is set down in three steps with the severall circumstances First Their prophesying till verse 7. Secondly Their death and killing till vers 11. Thirdly Their restoring from vers 11. And as it is not to be supposed that these same were the witnesses that were raised but others in their spirit and power as is said of Iohn Baptist Mal. 4. with Luk. 1.17 preaching the same truth and pursuing that same Antichrist so it was not to be thought that the same witnesses should live and prophesie all that time but that there was and should be a succession of them some after others so that they should never be wanting altogether till their testimony were finished The Churches state is especially set out by the state of her Ministers because they are linked together so that it ever appeareth in them how it is with her If persecution be they are first in it if it be hard with them it is not well with her and contrarily The Prophets are particularly described vers 3. 1. By their speciall work to witnesse and give testimonie for Christ against the corruptions and usurpations of these times so Ministers are called Christs witnesses Acts 1.7 8. their work should be to be witnesses for mistaken Truth and against Antichrist 2. Their number is set down to wit two a definit for an indefinit number They are said to be two 1. because two witnesses are the least that confirm a Truth but they are sufficient so it importeth they shall not be many yet sufficient to testifie against these evils fully 2. Because of allusion in the words following where something of three couple of famous witnesses is attributed to these two mentioned here in allusion I say to Gods way of making use of two in all dangerous periods of the Church to wit Ioshuah and Zerubbabel Moses and Aaron Elias and Elisha in respect to which three couple the following description of the witnesses here is holden forth in the effects of their prophesying both to friends and enemies to wit 1. they are as Zerubbabel and Ioshuah two olive trees Zach. 4. 3. from whom droppeth the oyl to keep light and life in the two Candlesticks that is the Churches which are now few in number and it is not by might nor by power but by the Spirit that they prevail 2. If any will oppose them fire proceedeth from them as Elias destroyed the two fifties 2 King 1.10 so their enemies shall be destroyed as surely and their word and threatnings shall take effect on them 3. Their power is described by other effects that as Elias by prayer prevailed to shut Heaven that it ruined not and Moses and Aaron did turn waters into bloud and wrought other wonders in plaguing of Egypt So shall they have But all this in a spiritual sense to denounce judgements which shall truely take effect as appeareth by this That the city spiritually is called Sodom so all is spiritually to be understood They have the power of the keyes Discipline and Doctrine ready to be applyed when they find ground to revenge disobedience And this is no lesse terrible than outward judgements are that they Preach freely and authoritatively and that for many dayes 1260. extending according to thirty dayes in the month to fourty two months In a word all the time of the Antichrists reign God shall have a Church though she be little and Ministers though they be few so long as he usurpeth so long shall they testifie and though he may fight with them yet till they have done what the Lord had commissionated them for he shall not prevail 4. They are described in their mourning-weed or habit They prophesie in sackcloth when many idle bellies were well fed and clothed richly they were thus clothed partly to shew their outward poor contemptible and despicable condition in the world There are not great rich men made use of for this service partly to shew how deniedly now under the crosse they went about that imployment in heavinesse mourning for that declining generation that they lived in In a word it sheweth their condition to be the crosse and their carriage and courage to be suitable to it If it be asked why the same time is changed from dayes to months and from months to years Ans. 1. To shew it is numbered to a month to a year to a day yea to an hour as it is

harvest is understood in the Prophets especially speaking of Babylon as was said a full return of judgement Ier. 51.33 By ripenesse is understood a fulnesse and height of sin Ioel 3. so together holding forth ripe sin and ready judgement sin hath its sowing and growth and ripening and so wrath answerable is treasured up till the harvest time as God said of the Amorites Gen. 15. their cup was not full and sin may be long in ripening for hundreds of years There is a set time for mercy Psal. 102. and a set time for judgement also The meaning in short is Antichrists sin is become great aggreged with many circumstances as now ripened and when our Lord appeared as on His way to execute judgement His Church and People stepped in to beg that it might be so which accordingly vers 16. is granted and fields of wicked men are destroyed possibly that which Antichrist lived on and the harvest he had in the earth by Gods judgements was destroyed However what the Angel had to execute is instantly done upon that petition and accordingly it followeth vers 16. in two things according to commission he putteth in his sickle Then the earth was reaped easily was the judgement executed which he intended there is no more but it was reaped when he beginneth he maketh an end Vers. 17. The second similitude followeth of the vintage which is both a sorer degree of judgement and posteriour to the former sin being now riper even fully ripe These grapes of Sodom are cut down gathered and cast into the wine-presse of Gods wrath it being usuall to the Prophets to use this similitude Isa. 63.2 3 4. It hath also three parts 1. The executioner is described vers 17. 2. His incitment to proceed vers 18. 3. The execution This executioner is an Angel yet diversly described from the former and called another yet comparing it with Chap. 19.15 Christ must be understood as principall but seing He doth these works mediately as in that same Chapter by Armies on horse-back sometimes He is represented because they act by Him sometimes the types more formally represent them who are agents because he maketh use of them however when He is represented they are not secluded contra He is not when the types resemble them most and the putting these two agents together it sheweth that though Christ 〈◊〉 instruments yet that Himself first appeareth because the work was great and the 〈◊〉 weak extraordinarily He beginneth but when the Church multiplieth He 〈◊〉 Him instruments out of her The instrument or agent is called an Angel as these who powr out the vials are yet we conceive them not to be understood as properly so seing battels and horses are not obscurely mentioned here and Chap. 19. to be made use of in the execution of these plagues but the manner of the expression of things in this Book is in the tearms of heaven It pointeth at some fit ready instrument Jesus Christ shall have to make use of when He shall have to do one or moe to cut down and cast these grapes in the wine-presse but Chap. 19. He treadeth it Himself Two things are spoken concerning this Angel 1. He came out of the Temple which is in heaven that is some member or members of His Church here called heaven for it was the wine of the earth that is of the wicked and not of the Church which was to be gathered 2. He is armed even with a sharp sickle such as Christ had to shew it was that same power whereby this instrument acted the armour and strength was of the supream Agent Hence Chap. 19. which we take to be the same judgement with this and ending Gods controversie on the beast He as King rideth foremost and the Armies of heaven follow Him to this battell yet none have armes but He and we cannot conceive them acting but He is on their head Hence we may think it the lesse absurdity that the petition again for furtherance of the work is renewed to this Angel although it be not absurd to conceive this Angel to be a Minister of the Gospel as Levits served at the altar giving direction to such as Christ should choose to execute His judgements as one of the beasts giveth the Angels the vials Chap. 15.7 and so his power over the fire will be to be understood as Chap. 11. of the Witnesses their having power over fire and diverse other plagues Vers. 18. The incitation is renewed God will be called on in every step In which ye have 1. The suiter described 2. The suit and its reasons are set down both which differ from what is spoken of by the former intercessour vers 15. the suiter is called an Angel but hath two peculiar properties 1. He cometh forth from the altar which importeth some more retired secret holy place than the Temple we can expound it no otherwise than we did Chap. 6.9 10. in the fifth seal to hold out heaven ordinarily set out by the most holy 2. He had power over the fire not as one peculiarly separated to govern that element nor one commissionated to execute judgement himself by fire properly or figuratively to be understood for then he needed not deal with him who is properly commissionated for that end and that Angel Chap. 16. is called the Angel of the waters not as having a peculiar charge ordinarily of them or over them but as peculiarly commissionated in reference to them with his vial yet it is not properly to be understood of waters as will appear it holdeth out then to speak so some contest and fight they had with fire and that the fire did not prevail over them but they overcame it by the bloud of the Lamb Chap. 12.11 and by their faith and patience Heb. 11. being invincibly armed against all torments In a word we take it to be the reviving of the Martyrs cry which was against heathen persecuters Chap. 6. Now their number is compleat and there is not that ground of suspending the judgement which was given in that place This cometh to rememberance before God who findeth in her the bloud of all Prophets and Apostles because they have served themselves heires to all and this guilt hath a loud cry before the Lord to procure the hastening and closing of Antichrists judgement So the first Angel setteth out the cry of all the Church Militant the second more especially of sufferers Triumphant See Chap. 6. This Angels suit in two things differeth from and goeth behind the former 1. The suit is thrust in thy sharp sickle it was simply sickle before This is added to shew a severity in this judgement and a holy pressing in this Angel beyond the former 2. The grapes are said to be fully ripe so there needeth no longer waiting The harvest was ripe before now the grapes are fully ripe for they have had more time 2. They had more means and former lesser judgements were despised 3. They have

filthinesse 2. That this filthinesse is not easily washen away 3. That there is a great efficacie and real vertue in the blood of Christ to wash the soul and cleanse it from sin as if it had never sinned as there is efficacie and vertue in a fountain of water to wash a filthie thing And this was typified in those ceremonial and legal washings under the Law 4. That that wherewith Christ washeth Believers is His own blood not the blood of Bulls and Goats but the blood of the first begotten from the dead the blood of the true and faithful witnesse the blood of the Prince of the Kings of the earth yea the blood of Him which is which was and which is to come the blood of Him who was and is God Therefore Act. 20.28 it 's said Feed the Church of God which He hath purchased with His own blood It holds out not only the efficacie and satisfactorinesse of the blood of Christ but also the end of His death that it was not a meer Testimony and Witnesse-bearing nor only to leave an example to others as profane men derogating from our blessed Lords death affirm but to wash His own from their sins in His blood to take away the guilt of sin in Justification and to make the Power of His death come in and slay sin and to sanctifie as it is 1 Cor. 6. Such were some of you but now you are washed that is Justified and Sanctified There is not a Name that Christ hath but it hath some priviledge and benefit in it to Believers it holds out love on His side and consolation on ours and every benefit which comes to us is a Name and Commendation to Him and may be so used by us Vers. 6. In the description He sets out how Christ not only takes away what is ill from us but how He abounds in conferring priviledges on us He not only takes away sin but He hath made us Kings and Priests to God His Father First Kings 1. In delivering us from the slavery of sin that the most part of the world lives in and in making us masters over sin and sinful lusts masters over the Devil and the World and the Flesh in some measure And this is a Princely thing so the Church is set out Rev. 12. as having the Moon that is to say the transitorie world under her feet 2. Kings in respect of a Spiritual reigning in our spirits with God by an heavenly conversation having our conversations in Heaven Philip. 3.20 Col. 3.1 in an holy and heavenly pride and in a sort of kingly majesty disdaining the ups and downs in the world 3. Kings also in title and right being set as Kings on the Throne with Him to execute the judgment written Psal. 149.9 This honour have all His Saints in a spiritual way and some way to judge the world in their practice and they shall be Kings in possession when that which is here shall have the full accomplishment and all the Saints as so many crowned Kings shall follow Him in the clouds Secondly Priests to offer their bodies a living Sacrifice holy and acceptable to God Rom. 12.1 to offer Prayers and Praises the calves of their lips and this is no small priviledge to have accesse to God as Priests The Iews held these two as great dignities the Kingly and Priestly offices and Believers are called by Christ to both so that they may come with boldnesse to the Throne of Grace and enter within the Holiest through the Vail by that new and living way being freed from the spirit of bondage and fear which in a great part accompanied the Iews ceremonial Worship 1. How many excellent consolations are here to Believers and grounds of directions to them What grounds of consolation comparable to these to be washen in that bloud of the Lamb to be made Kings and Priests to God and Christs Father that is to no Idole but to H●m to whom Christ is a Priest Here is life and immortality brought to light by the Gospel priviledges and benefits of an exceeding passing worth and excellency 1. Comparing this verse with vers 1. Here Kings and Priests and there His Servants Observe That there is no such royalty and dignity in the World as to be our Lord Jesus his Servant it is truely to be a King to reign and a Priest to be consecrated to God It consists not in loosnesse and carnall liberty but in new obedience and the more obedient circumspect and strict in Holinesse the greater liberty majesty and kingly statelinesse All our Lords Servants are Kings so great a King is He and so happy are they 2. These Priviledges lay an obligation on Believers to carry themselves as such 1. If Christs bloud be given as a fountain to wash at then make use of it for pardon of sin Mortification and Sanctification 2. Let us carry our selves Kingly It s a beastly thing to be a servant of sin but it 's a Kingly thing and stately to be minding the Throne we are called to the faith and hope of to have our hearts and conversation suitable to that holy and heavenly place to have royall spirits disdaining and trampling on the things of a present world as unworthy of our hearts and affections 3. Comparing this with the former when he speaks of Christ his affections warms and when he speaks of the benefits which come by Him it leades him to the love they came from and by that again he is led to praise Him and he cannot get Jesus-Christ set high enough Observe Believers hearts should warm and be often warming themselves with thoughts of Christ and vent●●g their warmnesse of affection to Him in pra●se It 's a sweet thing when Believers hearts cannot part with Christ but when ever He comes in their mind or mouth still to give Him a word of praise and come to their purpose again as Iohn doth here And it 's often thus with Paul as 1 Tim. 1.17 Eph. 3.20 LECTURE III. Vers. 7. Behold he cometh with clouds and every eye shall see him and they also which peir●ed him and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him even so Amen 8. I am Alpha and Omega the beginning and the ending saith the Lord which is and which was and which is to come the Almighty 9. I Iohn who also am your brother and companion in tribulation and in the kingdom and p●tience of Iesus Christ was in the Isle that is called Patmos for the word of God and for the testimony of Iesus Christ. IT 's a concerning message that Christ is now sending to His Church therefore there is the larger preface to stir them up he writs to to make that which he sends welcome We heard from the 4. verse the particular Inscription or direction of this Book as an Epistle and when he hath wished grace and peace and set down the partie● from whom the grace and peace is wished and the Epistle

the Emperours Authority in the west the Bishops of Rome grew so that what pride covetousnesse and usurpation this age brought forth in them may be seen at large in Pless●us mysterie pag. 4.44 C●ntur Magdeburg C●nt 4. by all which they did winde themselves someway in to be Umpires or Arbitrators of differences in other Churches which afterward they drew to a debt and obligation on them 4. At that time he being desired did interpose brotherly by his Commi●●ioners with other Bishops and Churches which being for a cause upon the matter good and from an eminent Bishop had much weight with it and was much esteemed and regarded though not as Authoritative which his successours abused in after tim●s So then the Churches estate betw●xt the 300. and 400. years and thereabout will be found as it s here foretold to be Inwardly the Church undone by Hereticks heresies contentions backed with pretended Authority Civil and Ecclesiastick The Bishops of Rome working their Supremacy in all these troubles and he taking occasion to insinuate himself as Moderator among them though yet under ground and that but on the earth and low Doctrine began even then to be in many things corrupted by speciall men in the Church especially concerning freewill ceremonies c. By which may be gathered what great storm this was and how answerable to this type so that its easily applied to it Observe 1. In general what a terrible thing it is to have error heresie division and contention letten louse on a Church it is terrible as fire hail and bloud and terrible in the effects a third part of the trees and grasse are burnt up few believe this● yet these plagues are lesse terrible to bodies than error and the effects of it are to souls 2. See the nature of heresie 1. It is violent cooling love and obstructing practice whereby the soul is kept in life but in contentions for it self and things belonging to it self firy bloudy and cruell The first word looketh at the impurity of the Doctrine striking at the very foundation ●ail The second word fire looketh at the breaking of unity The third word bloud looketh at the destroying of lives such were the false teachers of old such were they in Christs time and after His time 2. It spreadeth on many for number on great men and good men sometime for quality all green grasse and a third part of trees Who would have thought so many famous able men would have been carried away with it that as we said before it became a proverb the world is become Aria● many Bishops and Synods many eminent in parts partly through terrour partly through weaknesse came to verball acknowledgement of the error and to condemn some honest men that spoke for truth This should make us be watchfull and humble would a●y think that the God-head of Christ or of the holy Ghost should be denied and yet this is of late revived for the S●c●nian error is the same in substance and hath many followers 3. Many trees are spared partly as a testimony against others partly to give themselves time to repent they are not taken away altogether Let us arm against such a storm and become more warrie and watchfull LECTURE III. Vers. 8. And the second Angel sounded and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea and the third part of the sea became bloud 9. And the third part of the creatures which were in the sea and had life died and the third part of the ships were destroyed YE may remember when we began to speak of this prophesie of the trumpets we told you that in them was contained the story of the Church from the int●rrupting of the peace that it enjoyed under Constantine till Antichrist was at his height and God by pouring out of the vials came to demolish his Kingdom The prophesie of the●e trumpets is divided in smaller and greater woes the last three being the greatest The first four do continue the History of the Church from the peace it enjoyed under the sixth seal unto the discovery of Antichrist upon his seat and throne Ye heard in the former trumpet how hard the condition of the Christian Church was and by what means it was weakened 1. By outward inbreaking of cruel barbarous Nations mercilesse enemies to the defacing of it 2. By enemies from within such as Arians Macedonians N●storians and also Schismaticks as Luciferians Novatians A●daeans c. that would not keep unity as the former would not keep purity 3. By corrupting of the Doctrine many unsafe and unsound Doctrines attended with pernicious practices were creeping in amongst famous men in the Church 4. It was also weakened by contention● and ambition amongst Bishops and Ministers for their precedency out of all which Satans designe of raising Rome and bringing in Ant●christ was wo●king and took rooting springing and spreading it self more and more till it came to the height We shall say no more of the first trumpet but proceed to the rest This second trumpet advanceth and carrieth on the same scope and if any ask why these trumpets blow not together and yet one succeedeth another I answer there is some interim to see how the former may work and if any will repent God taketh that time of triall 2. When it worketh not a greater cometh then He plagueth seven times more there are degrees even of spiritual judgements Rom. 1. When alarms work not there are worse coming For opening the meaning of this sad judgement we must consider in it these three things 1. The mean made use of or the rise of the judgement it was as a mountain burning 2. It s object it is cast into the sea 3. The effects that follow upon it the waters became bloud and many ships are destroyed Generally it sheweth that this judgement extended further than the former 1. The former was on the land only this taketh in the sea 2. It altereth quite the nature of these seas the former destroyed but trees and grasse that were growing This is more infectious 1. It is said as it were a great mountain to shew it was something figuratively to be understood and not properly like a hill such as Aetna in Sicilie or Hecla in Island are which burneth within it self and dissolveth it self By mountains in Scripture are understood figuratively Powers or Authorities Zech. 4.7 Who art thou O great mountain before Z●rubbabel thou shalt become a plain He meaneth the opposition of that Monarchie which then oppressed them Ier. 51.25 Babylon is called a destroyed mountain and a mountain that shall be made a burnt mountain So by mountain here we understand eminent men in the Church and her Authority or these placed in Authority in her who by their place are eminent above others it being the Church here that especially is spoken of this mountain must be their Judicatories and these in power Therefore the Disciples and in them Ministers are said

to be as a city set on a mountain or hill Matth. 5. these being mountains for eminencie in the Church as civil Governours or Governments are in the State 2. This mountain is said to be burning which we conceive to be kindled with pride and contention flowing therefrom as Christ saith He came to send fire on the earth and it was already kindled which is to be expounded variances amongst these in nearest relations so also fire it is taken for contention in Iothams parable Iudg. 9. compare vers 20. with vers 23. which is the more clear here that it followeth upon the former trumpet as taking fire from it and it seemeth to be the Church-Governours that were kindled by it This fire having kindled within their bowels breaketh out and infecteth others and spreadeth this division under this trumpet at the back of the former heresie and sad state which the Church was in having to do not only with open Hereticks but with pride and contention amongst Church-men themselves whereby exceedingly the Church was wronged and way was made for the in-bringing of more corruption and Antichrists rising 2. The object it is cast into the sea 1. By the sea in Scripture among the Prophets is understood a numerous people as to fit on many waters Revel 17.15 By this then we are to understand that though this infection began among the Church-men yet was it cast in the sea that is spread far off amongst the people So it was in this time and so it useth to be 2. By sea is understood in Scripture Nations beyond seas often the west part of the world because they were by the sea divided from Iudea as by the earth or land is understood the east par● Isa. 60.5 c. and thus it may well here look to Rome Africk and the west upon which this storm mainly did fall as the first did fall on the Church in the east chie●ly which was called the earth 3. By sea in this prophesie is understood the Ordinances in Discipline Worship and Government of the Church and exercises of Religion because in these and by these Christians in this World of the Church do converse together traffique one with another communicate one with another as men do by seas and ships who otherwayes are at a distance So Chap. 18. in the Antichristian world their Church-men are compared to men in ships or Merchants who amongst other things trade for mens souls which can be meaned of no other but their Church-men vers 15. and their going about their superstitions is compared to trading in Ships and Seas Whereby it would appear that here especially a storm upon Ordinances Worship and Discipline is signified as in the former the Doctrine was set upon yet Discipline and Councels were in some vigour both having some Authority from without by Constantine unity and respect from within as at Nice foundnesse and solidity in proceeding but in the succeeding ages all was changed First Emperours became Arians Councels became heterodox unity was broken partly by Schisms amongst themselves partly by the Pelagians and Donatists which at this time came to a height separation from Churches flowing from pride under the pretext of the unholinesse of the Churches Members began and continued long troubling especially the west part of the world which formerly was free and the preaching of the Word was foisted with humane inventions by men who were not Hereticks the government of the Church spoiled broken dissolved and burnt pride consumeth all and maketh it contemptible So it is said of Babylon Jer. 21.25 I will make thee a burnt mountain when the dissolution of her authority is prophesied of 3. The effects of this mountains casting in the sea recorded here are two the one the effect of the other 1. The waters are turned into bloud shewing they were corrupted that being the great evidence of corruption in them alluding to the plague of Egypt Exod. 7.19 which sheweth that by that foregoing rent Discipline was weakened Ordinances corrupted and the nature of them altered they were before usefull now they are hurtfull as being abused by this firy mountains falling into them So the Synods Councels and Ministrie in many places became such as were rather for destruction than edification and Churches were rent and divided and stumblings laid before poor people whereby the second effect followed that is as in waters turned to bloud fishes cannot live so by these errors in Doctrine and Worship which both now continue together poor souls are destroyed simplicity of Worship corrupted with ceremonies and traditions and all Church men almost who trade in these ships are undone and destroyed with this ambition for bloud signifieth any death even spiritual death Ezek. 3.18 His bloud will I require of thee c. which is His spiritual killing of them and here we are to understand their being killed with self-seeking and pride and so to be dead while they were alive 1 Tim. 5.6 and deadly to others also In sum then by the second trumpet we are to understand the corruption of the Government and Governours who heightening their places beyond Christs order and exercising that power not for edification but for destruction contrary to its nature in fiery contentions flowing from their pride and ambition by which the eminency of the Church in that respect was dissolved in its Authority and became low as a mountain doth which is consumed by fire from within whereby many dreadfull effects tending both to the wronging of the Ordinances of Jesus Christ and exceeding hurtfull to all the members of the Church who lived under them were brought to passe and so the Churches life as it were brought into greater hazard than under open Hereticks For application of this we will find it suit well with the contentions that followed on the Councel of Nice and then burst out amongst Church-men exceeding hurtfully unto the Church for clearing whereof we may observe these things from the story of that time 1. Divisions and contentions abounded as is clear from the many complaints of Emperours and Fathers especially Gregori●● Nax who therefore took a prejudice at Councels because so much contention followed that of Nice As also by the many contrary Synods and contests for precedency in them among Church-men who continued till the Bishop of Rome carried away the title of Vniversal Bishop as will appear more under the fifth trumpet 2. The time of these contentions will agree to this for this fire of pride was kindled and the foundation laid for carrying on these contests to that height from the former heresie some acts were made whereby some Bishops especially they of Rome were preferred to others because they were more free of that infection and were more able to help the truth and these who were persecuted for it in the East as particularly that seventh canon at Sardica overtured by Osius for that end from which Rome took advantage afterward 3. In these Councels upon this occasion

obnoxious to blasts partly the things being excellent they have in their hand and partly they being eminently and highly planted pride hath the more matter to work upon and Satan hath the readier accesse and occasion to blow them up it is a rare thing to be eminent and humble to be great and in prosperity and yet to be lowly prosperity and gifts are a snare to many it had been advantage to many they had never had them considering how they have been abused by their pride and other corruptions 3. Pride is especially incident to Church-men which might be cleared both in the Old and New Testament They are as cities set on an hill Mat. 5. The Church is a mountain that is eminent and Church-governours are eminent above others and therefore liable to maniest tentations being about the most eminent things the devil setteth on them most knowing what advantage he hath when he hath gained ground among them and Christ had to do even with His Disciples in this Matth. 18. vers 20.4 It is a great plague and judgement and bringeth great hurt to the Church when this fire of pride and contention entereth and kindleth among the Officers of the Church it spreadeth marret● and corrupteth all it is the rise of much ill and abusing of the power that God hath given Diotrephes loving the preeminencie put all in confusion it began soon in Iohn's dayes 3 Epist. Ioh. and it is opposed to receiving of the Gospel and accounting of the Apostles This is no matter of laughing to you however ye look upon it as if ye were not concerned no it is your plague as if a firy mountain were tumbled-over on you This should make us all respect unity and peace in the Church and watch against pride and contention that marreth it 5. There are four ills in this text that follow on pride and contention among Church-men 1. It weakeneth and bringeth down Church-authority when this mountain taketh fire it falleth 2. It spreadeth infecteth and kindleth others it goeth among the people I am of Paul and I 'am of Apollos and they become carnall and factious 1 Cor. 1.12 and 3.1 2. and the life of Religion is eaten out amongst them seing from the Priests profanenesse spreadeth through the whole land Ier. 23. and so do pride and contention kindle the Officers and the whole Church will be in a fire If we looked on it rightly we would think the rise of contention a terrible plague and people would beware of adding fewell to this fire and labour by all means to quench it because it is hard to know where it may end 3. It corrupteth all first the Doctrine secondly the Practice thirdly Discipline and Order and then cometh confusion and every evil work 4. Many are stumbled and Spiritually slain when these waters become bloud so that corrupting of Government and Governours is no small judgement whereby we may know why Satan aimeth so much at this and why we ought to be the more watchfull against it 6. This plague or stroak on the Church doth often accompany a spirit of error and defection partly succeeding it partly going before it either causally inferred or at least occasioned or in Gods righteous judgement trysted with it that the triall may have the greater extent and efficacie to discover many Hypocrites and rotten Professours Tremble to think on it and adore Gods holy Justice in the measure it is met out to us in our time when the outward mean of Discipline and Government is so weakened there had need to be the more watchfulnesse and dependencie on God to be helped and sustained by Him when outward means are not so frequent nor in such vigour as they wont to be LECTURE IIII. Vers. 10. And the third Angel sounded and there fell a great Star from heaven burning as it were a lamp and it fell upon the third part of the rivers and upon the fountains of waters 11. And the name of the Star is called Worm-wood and the third part of the waters became wormwood and many men died of the waters because they were made bitter THe Church being before defaced by grosse Hereticks and Errours and kindled within by pride and contention for the Government amongst its Governours is now set upon by an other mean the rivers and fountains that were a little clear before and these streams whereby the waters of life were conveied are made biter and in stead of life they convey death by being now corrupted In this trumpet we are to consider these three 1. The judgement or ill that followed the Angels sounding 2. The cause I mean the instrumentall cause or rise of it whence it flowed 3. The effects of it 1. The judgement or ill is The corrupting of a third part of the waters fountains and rivers By fountains and rivers which are the object are understood the Doctrines of the Gospel or the Covenant of Grace and Christs Offices and the way of conveying and communicating the same to sinners by the Ordinances of the visible Church called the wells of salvation Isa. 12.3 and called springs or well-springs which God hath placed in His Church and which are no where else Psal. 87. ult because th●●● and by it the righteousnesse of God is revealed from Faith to Faith Rom. 1.17 And in E●eki●ls vision these waters are said to stream and flow from under the altar and out of the Sanctuary Ezek. 47.1 c. and may well be compared to fountains as the Church is called Cant. 4. A spring shut up a fountain sealed and a fountain of Gardens because of these waters springing in it and because of the nature of them which is clear single sweet and refreshing as usefull and necessary to spiritual life as waters are to the bodily and as having that use in the religious world which this is which waters have in the naturall and also in respect of the manner of dispensing Grace in the Gospel so largely and so freely wherefore it is compared to an open fountain to all Nations Zech. 13.1 and so frequently folks are invited to drink freely Isa. 55.1 and Rovel 22.17 and to wash By rivers we understand the preaching and dispensing of this Gospel whereby it is holden forth and as it were floweth to others which two are often put together when the spreading of the Gospel is prophesied of I will open rivers in the wildernesse and fountains in the deser● Isa. 41.17.18 probably referring to the spreading of the Gospel amongst the Gentiles so corrupting of this word is compared to mixing of liquor with something that is not of its kind nor so good as Vintners do adulterat wine 2 Cor. 2.17 opposit to the single and pure preaching of Christ which Paul used 2. The instrumentall cause of this which maketh the waters bitter is set out three wayes 1. It is more generally called a Star and a great Star burning like a lamp 2. It is shown from whence this Star fell 3. And

when the seventh Angel shall sound and God shall begin His quarrell with the beast He shall at the entry so discover and shake the prime foundations of that antichristian Kingdom that it shall procure much inward fretting and vexing grief compared to pricking in the reins Psal. 73.21 to the prime supporters thereof and shall make them loathsome and abominable to the world as were the Magicians opposers of Moses and of the peoples delivery from Egypt and instrumentall in hardening Pharaoh and the Egyptians by the plague of boyls Exod. 9.11 so as they could not stand In the event this is sure 1. that the fundamentals of the popish Kingdom were stricken at such as the Popes Supremacy and absolutenesse the opinion of indulgences merits soul-masses purgatory c. which two Erasmus merrily said were the two unpardonable faults of Luther that he had medled with the Popes crown and the Monks bellies meaning that they would never digest it to be touched in these but it would gall them 2. The contempt that followed upon that discovery and the vexation anxiety terrour trouble and grief that it put that Roman Clergie unto the events and story of these times do sufficiently witnesse LECTURE II. Vers. 3. And the second Angel poured out his vial upon the sea and it became as the bloud of a dead man and every living soul died in the sea 4. And the third Angel poured out his vial upon the rivers and fountains of waters and they became bloud 5. And I heard the Angel of the waters say Thou art righteous O Lord which art and wast and shalt be because thou hast judged thus 6. For they have shed the bloud of Saints and Prophets and thou hast given them bloud to drink for they are worthy 7. And I heard another out of the altar say Even so Lord God Almighty true and righteous are thy judgements THe Angels proceed to execute Gods judgement on the beast and the second poureth out his vial on the sea vers 3. The effects are two 1. It became as the bloud of a dead man The second is a consequent of this every living soul died in it There is in this certainly set forth a further degree of Antichrists ruine as the second trumpet held forth a further step of his rising in generall this extendeth the plague on Antichrist further and bringeth it to an higher degree But more particularly as we conceive is holden out Gods plague upon the complex body of that Kingdom as it is antichristian that is both sea and land especially their Ordinances Government superstitious forms of Worship Councels Decrees c. whereby much of their grandour stood now these are set upon and the abbacies traditions indulgences c. whereby they subsisted are in a great part destroyed That by sea here must be understood something of this nature will appear by comparing vers 17. and 13. of Chap. 18. together for this sea must be suitable and serviceable to these who trade in it and these again suitable to their trade which is the souls of men amongst other things vers 13. ibid. and these certainly must be their Church-men therefore this sea they trade in must be their Ecclesiastick or Church constitutions forms and ordinances of sacraments ceremonies masses traditions c. and especially what concerneth indulgences pardons and purgatory because in these their trade of souls is especially driven this answereth somewhat to the second trumpet also Chap. 8. Gods plague upon these maketh them like the bloud of a deadman that is as Chap. 8. vers 8. it became corrupt and not only uselesse but deadly so that whosoever would now follow that way and drink of these Doctrines it would kill him Which two effects hold out 1. that after Gods begun quarrelling with Antichrist he mendeth his superstitious worship nothing but maketh it worse so did the Councell of Trent in many Articles both of faith and worship 2. That after Gods revealing and discovering the grossenesse of particular errours by the former vial he went on and discovered the rottennesse of the complex worship and Government of that Kingdom 3. That by this discovery especially their Churchmen were pinched 4. That this brought the antichristian state lower and made many forsake these rotten waters that they could not live in them or if they stayed they were now more deadly than before this discovery So by dying here may be understood their dying as to Antichrists state that is ceasing to be of his Kingdom as formerly as Chap. 8.4 so they die to him or they are more hardened that stay and become more spiritually dead Thus this judgement either maketh them leave him or it maketh their condition more desperate so that now none continuing to live under the full profession of Popery can get heaven as in the former darknesse in some respect it was possible this by the Councell of Trent and what followed upon it we may conceive it to have its fulfilling so that now men can no more live in Popery and own their tenents than fishes can do amongst bloud but every living soul that quitteth not these Ordininances shall perish partly because now they are worse in themselves partly because the light having made the discovery a separation is called for The third vial followeth from vers 4. to vers 8. containing three things 1. The object plagued it is the rivers and fountains 2. The effect they are turned to bloud 3. There is a double approbation of Gods Justice or congratulation added whereby some things may be gathered usefull for understanding this vial which differeth not only in its object but in its kind from the former We may in this observe these three things 1. That the object is men not Ordinances or Government in the abstract but such as sh●d bloud and can drink bloud 2. What sort of men they are to wit guilty of the bloud of the Saints executioners of that whore who is drunk with the bloud of Saints Chap. 17. and in whose skirts it is found Chap. 18.24 3. What sort of plague this is bloudshed literally so taken so to drink bloud importeth they have shed bloud and are met in their own measure Their bloud is shed and that in abundance and the just proportionablnesse betwixt their sin and judgement here importeth this especially if we consider that Chap. 13.9.10 he that killeth with the sword must be killed by the sword which i● the threatning whereof this is the accomplishment And in this vial and the former there is an allusion to the plague of Egypt when all was bloud and the fishes died The object of this vial is fountains and rivers to wit such things as furnish moisture and life to the antichristian world as fountains and rivers do in this They must be something running to the former sea and in opposition to the truth of the Gospel Chap. 8. yet so as it must be applyed not of things but of persons who have shed

threatned by the sixth Trumpet the reasons why it is applied to the Turks with an answer to some objections made against this 448 to 454 The overthrow of the Turks prophesied of under the sixth Vial with answers to some objections on the contrary 620 That there is an indefinit time understood by these fourty and two months Chap. 11.2 is cleared and some exceptions considered 479 480 Why the same time is changed from dayes to moneths and from moneths to years 482 V THe preparation to the prophesie of the seven Vials where the judgment is set forth in its rise the instruments are described their furniture and concomitants with the execution of the judgment is set down 605 606 Some general considerations premitted for understanding of the Vials 607 608 The object plagued by these Vials and the effect following thereupon 608 609 The pouring-forth of the first Vial with the effects thereof ibid. The second Vial with its object to wit the sea and what is signified thereby and the effects thereof 610 611 The third Vial with its object to wit the rivers and fountains and what we are to unstand by these with the effects thereof and the congratulations that followed thereupon 611 612 Why these congratulations are marked at the pouring-forth of the third Vial ibid. The pouring-forth of the fourth Vial the object thereof to wit the Sun and what we are to understand by it together with the effects of the same 613 614 The fifth Vial poured-forth with its object and effects 614 615 Some helps for understanding the sixth Vial the object upon which it is poured-forth and the effect which follow 615 616 Whether the last Vial bringeth judgment on the Beast alone or the last plagues on the world including the last judgment what is the object thereof and the effects which follow 625 626 The event of the sixth Vial more fully explained Chap. 19. and that this doth belong to the sixth Vial cleared 688 689 What is meant by that he that is unjust let him be unjust still 766 W OF the Waldenses and what the Popish writers charged them with 501 502 503 What is meant by the Waters being turned into bloud 424 Some things observed concerning the Whore where it is cleared that by the Whore Rome is understood 628 629 The judgment of the Whore and some of her properties also what the name Whore doth import 630 631 What is understood by winds in scripture 379 What is particularly to be understood by these Winds mentioned Chap. 7. 380 The object and the instruments of these judgements signified by the four Winds 381 382 The consolation which the Lord giveth to strengthen and guard His people against that storm and judgement held forth by these four Winds the instrument of this consolation the place whence he cometh the manner of executing his office the matter of his cry the objects about which he taketh care together with the effects of the execution of his commission 385 386 This consolation against these winds set forth more particularly in severall circumstances 392 393 Why Christ is called the faithfull Witnesse 5 What the two Witnesses denote where of their work number and the power that is given them 481 482 The prophesie of the two witnesses groundlesly applied by Papists to Enoch and Elias and no lesse absurdly by Grotius to two Bishops in Ierusalem ibid. Who these two Witnesses were whom the Lord acknowledgeth for His Prophets or how they could be so accounted of having one common call with Antichrists followers 483 Why the two Witnesses are not only called the two Olives but the two Candlesticks also 484 Where Christ hath a politick body of a Church there He hath still Witnesses in it ibid. Of the killing of the two Witnesses by whom it is done and how the beast is said to make war against them now 485 486 How the Witnesses testimony is said to be finished when Ministers testifying is a continuall work and how the beast can be said to prevail more against the witnesses at the beginning of his fall than in the time of his reign 485 486 The place described where the witnesses are to be slain with the properties thereof which are to be understood mystically the satisfaction that men had at the death of these witnesses and the continuance thereof 487 488 The resurrection of the witnesses and what is signified thereby with the circumstances thereof and the glorious condition of the Church which followed thereupon set forth by severall concomitants that waited upon this resurrection 491 492 493 If the killing of the Witnesses be past or if these 1260. dayes of the Gentiles treading underfoot the outter Court and the Prophets prophesying in sackcloth be expired and if so how this prophesie is fulfilled where some objections moved against the affirmative are considered and the time for the beginning and end of these dayes is more particularly fixed 494 495 496 497 That there were ever some Witnesses and a Church keeped pure from Antichrists abominations untill the time of Reformation and that about the time when it began the witnesses were very few and in a low condition proven 498 499 Some application of the witnesses being killed and of their resurrection afterward to the time when it was done 500 501 How Christs head and hair are said to be like wool 38 Some generall observations for clearing that vision of the womans appearing in heaven c. 519 520 What we are to understand by the Dragons watching the woman and the childe and who this woman and the childe were 520 521 The woman described and the event of her war with the Dragon 521 522 What is to be understood by the womans fleeing into the wildernesse 523 The woman that sitteth upon the beast described more generally and more particularly 633 634 657 658 Why the devil seeketh to engage Women and put them upon the top of sinful designs 162 Christs commendation of the whole Word of God in generall and particularly of this Book together with a severe commination incase of making any addition to it or taking any thing away from it 779 780 781 Worthinesse how many wayes considered 184 185 How to apprehend of God in the Trinity of Persons rightly when we worship him with some rules to direct us therein 9 God the only object of divine worship 11 In what respect Christ as Mediator is the object of worship and in what not 12 13 And how prayers may be formed expresly to Him 14 15 16 What may encourage us to make use of Him in our worship 17 18 19 The several sorts of idolatrous Worship and the way how to try it 455 Worship doth imply three things and the kinds of lawfull worship mentioned in the Scriptures 695 Whether Iohn sinned in Worshipping the Angel what kind of sin it was how he fell into it with the judgment of some Popish Doctors about this matter 695 696 Of the Popish Worshipping of Angels and Saints and what is to be thought of that mid worship between civil and religious invented by them 697 698 That none are to Write without a clear call thereto and what is sufficient what nor to clear a mans call to Write 61 62 63 Y VVHether by the thousand years of the Saints reign we are to understand a definit or indefinit time 722 Whether these ●ears be wholly past or wholly to come or now current with the diversity of opinions in this matter 723 What is to be determined concerning the beginning and close of these 1000. years ibid. If the beginning of these 1000. years be to be reckoned from the beginning of the vials or is it to be restricted to the seventh vial 725 The beginning of the thousand years falleth to be about the year 1560. where some objections to the contrary are answered 727 Z ZEal often lesse against error than scandalous practices 156 157 FINIS Chap. 1. Chap. 2 and 3. Chap. 4. and 5. Chap. 6. Chap. 7. Chap. 8. Chap. 9. Chap. 10.11 Chap. 12. Chap. 13. Chap. 14. Chap. 15. Chap. 16. Chap. 17. Chap. 18. Chap. 19. Chap. 20. Chap. 21. and 22. Grotius Hammond