Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	know_v	see_v	soul_n	6,285	5	4.9453	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13665	The new found vvorlde, or Antarctike wherin is contained wo[n]derful and strange things, as well of humaine creatures, as beastes, fishes, foules, and serpents, trées, plants, mines of golde and siluer: garnished with many learned aucthorities, trauailed and written in the French tong, by that excellent learned man, master Andrevve Theuet. And now newly translated into Englishe, wherein is reformed the errours of the auncient cosmographers.; Singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique. English	Thevet, André, 1502-1590.; Hacket, Thomas, fl. 1560-1590.	1568 (1568)	STC 23950; ESTC S111418	200,763	298

these wilde men of which we speake but the vanitie of this worlde shall cease when it pleaseth God Now to our matter we began to shew that there is a kinde of Magike most damnable that is called Thurgia or Goetia ful of enchantementes wordes ceremonies and inuocations hauing yet vnder hir certaine other kindes of the which as it is sayde was inuenter Zabulus As touching the true and perfit Magike the which is to seke and know heauenly things to celebrate and honor God it hath bene commended of many noble graue personages such had the thrée Kings that went to seke out Christe and such Magike is taken to be perfit and pure wisdome The Persians woulde not receiue any into the dignitie of their Empire vnlesse he had lerned this Magike that is if he were not wise For Magus in their language is wise in oures and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Gréeke is Sapiens in Latine Of the which was the inuentor as it is sayde Zalmoxis and Zorastria not he that is so common but he that was sonne to Oromasia Also Plato in his Alcibiades saith that he verily thinketh that the Magike of Zorastria is no other thing but to know and celebrate God the which to know and vnderstande he him self with Pithagoras Empedocles and Democrites hazarded themselues bothe by sea and by lande going into strange countries for to learne and know this Magike I knowe well that Plinie and many others haue enforced themselues to attaine thereto As for me I thought good to speake thus much by the way séeing it commeth now in purpose as touching our wilde men How these Americans beleue the soule to be immortall Cap. 37. THis poore people although they be ignorant erre yet their errour and ignorance is more to be borne with all than the Arians of our tyme which being not content to haue bene created to the image and lykenesse of the eternal God perfit aboue al creaturs against all scripture and miracles they wil shew themselues like brute beastes without lawe or reason and therefore bicause of their obstinate errour they shoulde be handled lyke beastes for there is no beaste be he neuer so wilde and brutish but will obey and serue man as the very image of God the which we dayly sée But it will one day come to passe that these wicked Imps shall well knowe that there resteth somewhat after the death of this worlde that at the later day shall appeare before the maiestie of God there to giue account of their wicked and damnable errour Nowe therefore these poore people do think y e soule to be immortal the which they name in theyr language Cherepicouare the which I knewe in asking of them what became of their soule when they were deade The soules sayde they of them that haue valiantly faught with their enimies goeth with many other soules to places of pleasure goodly woods gardens and orchardes but to the contrarie those that haue not well defended their countrey nor resisted their enimies shall goe with Agnan that is to the wicked spirite that tormented them On a tyme I boldened my self to aske or inquire of a greate King of that countrey as touching the immortalitie of the soule who was come aboue thirtie leagues of to sée vs but he answered me fiercely in his language these words Knowest thou not sayd he that after we be dead our soules go into a far countrey wheras they be founde altogether in fayre goodly places as our Prophets doe say that visit them oftentimes speke vnto them the which opinion they beleue and holde of a truthe Another tyme we went to visit another greate King of that countrey named Pindahouson whome we founde sicke in his bed of an Ague who among other things demaunded of me what became of the soules of our friendes and others when they dyed and I made answere that they went with Toupan the which he dyd easily beleue vpon the which he answered me these wordes come hether sayde he I haue hearde thée speake much of Toupan that can doe all things speake to him for me that I be healed and if I can be made whole I will giue thée many faire giftes yea I wilbe clad and arrayed as thou art beare such a greate bearde and honor Toupan as thou doest And in dede when that he was whole the Lorde of Villegagnon was determined to haue him baptized and therefore he kept him alwayes with him They haue another foolish opinion the which is that being on the water be it sea or Riuer for to goe against their enimies if that in the meane time there arise a tempest or rage on the water as many times ther doth they thinke that it commeth of the soules of their parents or friendes but wherefore they cannot tell and for to appease the tempest they cast some thing into the water in tokē of a present or offering thinking by this meanes to appease the windes Furthermore when any of them die be he King or other before that they lay them in their graue if that there be any that hath any thing belonging or partayning to the dead body they will not kepe it backe but wil bring it and deliuer it openly restore it before them all for to be put into the earth with him otherwise they doe thinke that the soule after that it is separated from the body wil come and molest them that kepe their goodes I woulde to God that many amongst vs were of the lyke opinion I meane without errour then would they not kepe backe deade mens goodes from poore orphelins and others Now they hauing restored to the deade man that which is his he is surely bounde with ropes of cotton and of the pithe of trées so that it is vnpossible as they thinke for him to reuiue and come agayne the which they doe greatly feare saying that to the elders it hath so chaunced and that hath made them since to looke better to it How these wilde men make warre one against another specially against those whome they name Margageas and Thabaiares Also of a tree which they name Hayri of the which they make their weapons for warre Cap. 38. THese people of America are greate quarrellers against their neighbors chiefly against those whome they name in their language Margageas Thabaiares hauing no other meane to appease their quarrell they fight cruelly one with another They gather together vpon a .6000 men sometymes ten or .12000 village against village or otherwise as they do méete the like do those of Perou and the Canibals And before that they execute any greate enterprise be it in warre or otherwise they assemble and come together chiefly the eldest sorte without their wiues or children with such a grace and modesty that they wil speake one after another and be that speaketh shal be heard with attētiue silence who hauing declared his minde giueth place to

brutish beasts are disposed to mock they wil put their tōgues out of these holes the women maidens are not so disformed In dede they haue hanging at their eares prety litle stones and shels that they haue in the sea also bracelets of certaine shels They esteme much litle beades of glasse y t the frenchmen haue caried thither Bicause of their disformitie chaunging of their naturall colour these men women are for the most part black for that they colour themselues with colours that they make of y e fruit of trées as we haue before shewed they colour one an other The women they colour deck the men we do not read that other natiōs haue done the like We finde that the Scythians going to the funerals of their friends did painte their faces with black The women of Turkey do paint their nailes with coloures red blew thinking by this to be more fairer but not y e rest of their body I wil not here forget y t these women of America do not only paint their childrēs faces with black but also their bodies and that with diuers colours specially of one colour like to a vernishing y t which colour wil continue the space of .iiij. dayes with y e same colour the womē paint their legs so y t for to loke a far of you wold iudge them to be hosed with fine black kersey Of visions dreames and illusions that these Americans haue and of the persecution that they receiue of wicked spirites Cap. 35. IT is a wonderful thing that these pore men although they be not reasonable for y t they are depriued frō the right vse of reasō and from the knowledge of God are subiect to many fantastical illusions persecutiōs of wicked spirites We haue said that before the cōming of our sauior Iesus Christ we wer in like maner vexed for the deuil studieth onely to seducte that creature that hath no knowledge of God Euen so these pore Americanes do oftentimes sée a wicked spirite sometimes in one forme sometimes in an other the which they name in their lāguage Agnan the which spirit persecuteth them day and night not onely their soule but also their body beating them and doing them much iniury so that you shal hear them make a pitiful cry saying in their lāguage if there be any christian by or neare séest thou not Agnan y e beateth me defend me if thou wilt that I shal serue thée and cut thy wood for many times they wil trauail to the Brasel wood for a smal reward Therfore in y e night they wil not goe out of their cabens or houses without bearing fire with them the which they say is a soueraine defence and remedy against their ennimie And I thought that it had bene a Fable when it was shewed me first but I haue séene by experience this wicked spirite to be driuen out by a christian in inuocating naming Iesus Christ Also the people of Ginney of Canada are likewise tormēted chiefly in the woods wheras they haue many visions and they call this sprite in their lāguage Grigri Furthermore these wilde men of America being this disprouided of reason and of the knowledge of veritie are easie to fal into many foolish errors They note obserue their dreames diligently thinking that al that they haue dreamed should sodainly come to passe If they haue dreamed that they shall haue victorie of their enimies or to be vanquished and ouercome you shall not persuade them the contrary but they beleue it assuredly as we doe the Gospel Of a truthe there be Phylosophers which holde opinion that some dremes wil naturally come to passe according to the humors that raigne or other dispositions of y e body as to dreame of fire water black things suche like But to beleue and affirme the other dreames as those of these Americans it is a thing impertinent contrary to the true religion of Iesus Christ and to my iudgemēt so are al other Macrobius in the dreme of Scipion saith that some dreames come to passe happen bicause of the vanitie of y e dreamers Other dreames come of things that we haue too much apprehended Others beside our Americanes do giue creadit to dreames as the Lacedemonians the Persians certaine others These wilde men haue an other straunge opinion which is an abuse they estéeme some among thē to be very Prophets whome they name in their lāguage Pages to whome they declare their dreames the others do interprete them they hold opinion that they tel truthe These may be cōpared to Philon the first interpreter of dreames to Trogus Pompeius that therein was very excellent I might here bring in many things of dreames diuinations and what dreames are true or no. Likewise of their kinds the causes therof as we haue bene instructed of our elders But for that it is repugnant to our religion and for that defence is made to giue therto any credit we wil leaue it and leane only to the holy scripture and to that which is commaunded vs therfore I wil speake therof no more but sure I am that for one y t hitteth right there are a numbre contrary Let vs returne to our wild men of America they beare greate reuerence to these Prophetes otherwise named Pages or Charaibes which is to say halfe Gods and they are truely idolaters euen as were the ancient Gentiles Of false Prophetes and Magicians that are in this countrey of America the which inuocate and cal vpon wicked spirites and of a tree named Ahouai Cap. 36. THis people being so far from the truthe beside the persecution that they receiue of wicked spirits their errours and dreames yet are they so far out of reason that they worship the deuill by the meane of some of his mynisters named Pages of the which sorte we haue spoken already These Pages or Charaibes are men of a wicked lyfe the which are giuen to serue the diuel for to deceiue their neighbors Such deceiuers for to coloure their wickednesse and to be estemed honorable among others remayne not continually in one place but they are vacabunds wandering here and there through the woodes and other places and returning with others at certayne houres making them beleue that they haue cōferred and counseled with the sprits for publike affaires and that they must do so and so or that this or that shall happen and then they are receiued and intertayned honorably being nourished and intertayned for this their doing and they esteme them selues happie that may remayne in their fauor and good grace and giue or offer to them some presente Likewise if it happen that any of them haue indignation or quarrell against his neighbor they come to these Pages to the ende that they mare dye with poyson him or them to whom they will euil Among other things they helpe themselues with a trée

named in their language Ahouay bearing fruite venomous and mortal the which is of the greatnesse of a little chestnut and it is very poyson specially the nut The men for a light and little cause will giue thereof to their wiues being angred and the women likewise to the men likewise these wicked women when they are with childe if their husbandes haue displeased them they will take in stede of this fruite a certaine hearbe for to make their fruit of their wombe to come before their time this fruite being white with his nut is made like this greke letter Δ Delta and of this fruit the wild men when the nut or kernel is out they make bels and hang them on their legs the which maketh as a great a noyse as the Moris daunsers in our countrey The wilde men wil in no wise giue of this fruite to strangers being fresh gathered likewise they forbid their children in no wise to touch thereof before that the kernell be fallen away This trée in heigth is lyke to our peare trées the leafe of two or thre fingers long and two fingers broade being gréene or springing all the yeare long the barcke is whitishe When there is a braunche cut thereof it rendreth a white iuice or lyquor almost like milk the trée being cut it casteth a maruelous stinking smell therefore the wilde men will put it to no vse not to make therewith fier woode I will forbeare here to set forth the properties of many trées bearing fruites maruelous faire neuerthelesse as much and rather more venemous than this trée of which we speke Furthermore ye must note that the wild men haue these Pages in such honor and reuerence that they worship them or rather do Idolatry to them specially when they returne from any place ye shall sée this people goe before them prostrating them selues and praying them saying Make that I be not sicke that I die not neither I nor my children and such lyke thinges And they wil answer thou shalt not die thou shalt not be sicke and such like If it chaunce that these Pages speake not truthe and that things happen otherwise then they haue predestinated they make no difficultie to kill him or thē as vnworthy of that title and dignitie of Pages euery Village nourisheth of them some one some two or thre according to their greatnesse and when it behoueth to knowe any greate thing they vse certayne ceremonies and deuilishe inuocations the which are made after this maner First is made a newe lodging in the which neuer man before hath dwelled and there within they will reare or make a newe white bedde and cleane according to their maner Then they will cary into the sayde lodging greate quantitie of vittels as Cahouin which is their ordinarie drink made by a virgin of ten or twelue yeres of age lykewise of their foode made of rootes the which they vse in stede of bread So al things being thus prepared the people being assembled doe guyde this their gentle Prophete to this new lodging wheras he shal remaine alone after y t a maide hath giuē him water to wash withal but ye must note before this mysterie he must abstain from his wife the space of nyne dayes being in the house alone and the people gone a little backe he lieth flatt downe on the bed and beginneth to inuocate and call the wicked spirite for the space of an houre and furthermore making his accustomed ceremonyes in such sorte that in the ende of his inuocations the spirite commeth to him hissing and whisteling as they say Others haue shewed me that thys wycked spirite commeth sometymes in the presence of all the people thoughe they sée him not but they heare a fearefull noyse then they crye all with one voyce in their language saying we praye thée to tel the truthe to our Prophete that tarieth for thée there within their intorrogatiōs is of their enimies to knowe who shall haue the victorie with the like answeres that say who shalbe taken and eaten of their enimies who shal be hurte or offended with any wilde beaste or such lyke Some of them among other things shewed me that their Prophet had forshewed our comming They call this spirite Houioulsira this many other things haue Christians affirmed me of that had dwelled there a long tyme. And they neuer take any greate enterprise in hande before they knowe the answere of their Prophete When this mysterie is accomplished the Prophete commeth out who being compassed about with people maketh a long narration vnto them wherein he reherseth al that he hath hearde of this spirite and God knoweth the gréetings rewardes and presentes that are made vnto him The Americans haue not bene the firste that haue practised magike but before them it hath bene common in many nations vntill the comming of our Sauiour Iesus Christe whose presence did efface and ouerthrowe the power of Sathan by the which meanes the deuill sought to begile and deceiue y e world it is not therefore without a cause that it is forbidden by the holy Scripture yea by Gods own mouth Of this Magike we finde two chiefe principal kinds one is in hauing familiar and secrete talke with wicked spirites who openeth sheweth the most secretest things of nature in dede the one is more wickeder than the other but they are bothe naught full of curiositie Why should we seing that by the prouidence of God we haue all things that to vs is necessary and nedefull goe about to seke out the secrets of nature and other things which our Sauiour Iesus Christe hath obserued to him selfe such curiousnesse in vs sheweth an vnperfect Iudgemēt want of faith and true Religion and yet the simple people that beleueth such things is most abused Surely I cannot but maruell specially in a countrey where good and politike lawes are vsed why such filthy and wicked abuses be lefte vnpunished with a companie of olde witches which put hearbes to armes writings about neckes with other mysteries and ceremonies as to heale Feauers and other things which are very Idolatrie and worthy of greuous punishment But at this day such wickednesse may be founde among those that are in Authoritie of which sorte we should haue good counsell and iudgemente but they themselues are firste blinde Therefore it is no maruel if that the simple and ignorant be soone seduced séeing that men of wisdome and grauitie are so blinded O blinded ignorance wherefore serueth the holy Scripture wherefore serueth Lawes other good sciences the which our Sauiour Iesus Christ hath opened and shewed vnto vs if we lyue in errour ignorance as doe these wilde men and more brutish than the very brute beasts Neuerthelesse we wil be estemed to know much make a large profession of vertue And therefore it is not to be marueled at if our elders not knowing the truthe are fallen into errours seking it by all meanes much lesse of

broken out with infections as the Frenchmen are Thus much thought I needefull to speake in this place And he that will make any difficultie to beleue my words let him aske the opinion of the moste learnedest Physitions of the originall cause of this disease and what internall partes are soonest grieued where it is nourished For I sée at this day many contradictions but not among the lerned And to my séeming I fynde very fewe that toucheth the pricke specially of those that take vpon them to heale it among the which there are men and women so ignorant that they cause many mishaps vnto the poore pacientes for in stéede of curyng and healyng of them they make them worse and worse There are other kinde of diseases as ophthalmies of the whiche we haue alreadie shewed that comes of ouermuch smoke for that they make their fires in many corners and places of their lodgings the which are great for that they assemble a great number for to take vp their lodgings I knowe well that al ophthalmies come not of smoke but wher of so euer it be it commeth of the ylnesse of the brain being by some meanes grieued Also all the diseases of the eies are not ophthalmies as may bée séene among the inhabitauntes of America of whiche we speake for many haue loste their sight hauing no inflamation in their eyes And this fulnesse and abundance of troubles of the braine as I maye learne and vnderstande commeth of the ayre and southwindes hot and moyst very common in America the whiche sodainly fylleth the brayne as Hippocrates sheweth Also we feele in our selues our bodies to wax heauy specially the head when the winde is at south For to heale this paine of the eyes they cut a braunch of a certaine trée very soft rinde like to a kind of palme trée the which they bring home to their houses and they let drop the iuyce being redde into the eye of the pacient Moreouer this kind of people is always subiect to the leprosie paralysey and other exterior vices as we are in this country but they are alwayes whole and well disposed walkyng with a great courage and boldnesse their heads lifting vp like a stagge or hart This much by the way of this sicknesse the most daungerous that is in Fraunce Antartike or America Of the diseases most rife and common in America and the meane that they obserue to cure them Cap. 46. THere is none be they neuer of so rude and grosse memorie but that knoweth well that these Americanes are made of foure elementes as all naturall bodies are so that by this meanes they are subiect to the like affections that wée are In déede diseases and sickneesss may be diuers and contrary according to the temperatenesse of the ayre and maner of lyuyng Those in that countrey that inhabite neare the sea are subiecte to rotten diseases as Feuers Catarres and others In the whiche these poore people are so persuaded and abused of their Prophetes of whome we haue spoken the whiche are called for to heale them when they haue these diseases and they haue this foolishe opinion that they can cure them we can not better compare these impes thā to a companie of new fond foolish ignorant Physitions in our dayes here in our realme y t persuade the pore people make profession that they can heale all kinde of diseases curable and vncurable the whiche I woulde very well beleue if that science were become ignorance Therfore these Prophetes make them to beleue that they doe speake vnto the spirites and soules of their parentes and that nothyng to them is vnpossible also that they can cause the soule to speake within the bodie Moreouer when soeuer any sycke man féeleth his stomacke to swelle by the occasions of some humours in the stomacke and liuer the whyche by debilitie or otherwyse he can not caste or vomite vp he thinketh that it is his soule that complaineth Now these goodly Phrophetes for to heale this disease wil suck with their mouth the place where the sore or disease lieth thinking that by this meanes they drawe it oute Lykewyse they sucke one an other but not with such belefe and opinion the women vse other meanes they wyll put into the pacientes mouth a thréede of cotton a two foote long the whiche afterwardes they sucke thynkyng also by thys thréede for to get away thys disease or sickenesse If one of them doe hurte an other in ernest or otherwyse he is bounde to sucke his wounde vntill the tyme that he bée healed And in the meane tyme they doe abstayne frome certayne meates the which they thinke is contrary They haue y e mean to lette bloud betwéene the shoulders with a kynde of herbe very cutting or with the teeth of some beast The maner how to diet the pacient is this They wil neuer giue him no meate nor sustenance before he doe aske it and they will rather let him languish a whole moneth They are not so often grieued with sicknesse as we be although they go all naked day and nyghte also they vse no excesse or superfluitie in their meates or drinkes In other things they are very curious to knowe the trées and fruites they will not tast of any fruite that is perisht vnlesse it be thorough ripe The fruite of which they commonly eate in their sicknesses is named Naua being great made in maner of a Pine apple thys fruite when it waxeth ripe becommeth yelow the which is very excellent as wel for his swetenesse as his relish as pleasant as fine suger and more It is not possible to bring of them into this countrey but conserued for being ripe they will not long kéepe Furthermore it beareth no grain wherfore they plāt them by litle slippes as the fruites that are grafted in our countrey Also before it be ripe it is so roughe in eating that it will pull of the skinne of your lips the leafe of this trée when it groweth is like to the leafe of a large Iounck or sags I wil not forget that amōg their diseases they haue one maruellous indisposition which commeth by litle wormes that enter into their féete named in their language Tom that are litle ones and I thinke that they ingender in their féet for there will be somtimes such a number in one place that they wyll rayse a knob as big as a beane with doloure and paine in that place the whiche paine also chaunced to vs for being there our féete and our handes were couered with little clothes in the which when they were broken was onely one white worme with filthe And for to shunne this griefe the wilde men make a certain oyle of a fruite named Hibonconhu like vnto a Date the which is not good to eate they preserue it in little vessels of fruites named in their language Caramenio and therwith they rubbe the places that are grieued a

aliue as they doe many times for to be reuenged of him they kill him with arrowes Being therefore there a certaine space of time turning héere and there I behelde many straungs fishes that are not in Europe among the which I saw two very monsterous hauing vnder the throte like two Goates dugge● a thing on the chin that for to sée too was like a Goates beard Beholde how nature the great workemistresse taketh pleasure to varifie hir workes as well by water as by land as the cōning workman beutifleth his work excéeding the common trade of his Arte and science Hovv vve continued our course vvith a declaration of the Astrolabia of the sea Cap. 68. FOr bicause that we found no great consolation nor comfort of our trauails in this Iland It behoued vs without any tarying to hoise sail with an indifferent winde vntill we came vnder the Equinoctiall whereas the sea and the windes are also vnconstant Also the aire is alwayes séene there troubled if one side be faire the other is troubled and threatneth fowle weather so that for the most parte there is raine and thunder which can not be without danger to y e Nauigants Now before they come néere to this line the good Nauigantes Pilots and Mariners being expert take counsel or beholde alwayes their Astrolabia for to knewe the distance and lying of places from thence where they are And bicause this so necessarie an Instrument for Nauigation commeth now in talke I will speake there of lightly by the way for the instruction of those that wil folow the sea being so great that the vnderstanding of man cannot well comprehend it And that which I speake of the Astrolabia as much may I say of the Rule or nedell of the sea by the whiche they may also conduct right the ship This Instrument is so politike that with a little paper or parchement as broade as the palme of my hand and certayne lines marked which signifieth the windes and a little Iron with the which this Instrument is made by his onely natural vertue that a storie giueth him and bloweth in his proper mouing and without any touching sheweth where is the Easte the Weaste the North and the South and also al the thirtie two windes belonging to Nauigation it sheweth them not onely in one place but in al places of the worlde beside other secretes that I omit for this present wherby it plainly appeareth that the Astrolabia the nedell or compasse with the Carde Marin are well made and that there shewing and perfection as is a wōderfull thing for that a thing so great as the Sea is pictured in so little a space and so agreable that by the same men vndertake to sayle rounde about the worlde Then the good and perfect Astrolabia is no other thing than the Sphere pressed and represented in a playn accomplished in his compasse with .360 Degrées that answere to the circute of the World deuided in like number of degrées the which agayne must be deuided into foure equal parts in our Instrument that is .90 in euery parte the whiche afterwarde ye muste parte by fiue and fiue then holding your Instrument by the ring rayse it or hold it towarde the Sunne so that the Sunne beames may enter in at the hole then looking to your declination in what year● moneth and day ye are in when ye take the height of the Sunne And if the Sunne be towardes the South which is on the coast of America and ye be towards the North ye muste take from your height as many degrées as the Sunne hath declined from the line of y e which we speke towarde the South And if that in taking of the height of the Sunne ye be towardes the South beyonde the Equinoctiall and the Sunne be in the North ye muste in lyke manner take away so many degrées as the Sunne hath declined from the lyne towarde our Pole as for example if ye take your height the Sunne being betwene the Equinoctiall and you when ye haue taken the sayde height ye muste for to knowe the place where ye are be it in sea or lande adde your degrées which the Sunne is declyned from farre from the lyne with your height and ye shall finde that which ye demaunde the which is to be vnderstanded as much of the Pole Artike as Antartike Thus much by the way Gentle Reader of our Astrolabia leauing the rest of the knowledge and vsage of this Instrument to Astronomers and Astrologians that make dayly profession thereof It shall suffice that which I haue spoken the which I knowe to be necessary and nedefull to Nauigation chiefly for those that are ignorant and not yet exercised therein Of the departing of our Equator or Equinoctiall Cap. 69. I Thinke there is no man of Spirite but that knoweth that the Equinoctiall is a trace or circle imagined by the midst of the Worlde from the East to the Weast in equall distance of two so that from the fayde Equinoctiall to eche one of the Poles it is .90 Degrées as we haue at large treated before and of the temperatnesse of the ayre that is there about of the Sea and of the fishes There resteth nowe somewhat to speake in our returne of that which before we left out passing therefore about the firste day of Aprill with a fauourable winde kéeping our right course with sayle spread right to the North neuerthelesse we were molested with one ill commoditie the which was that daye and night it ceased not to raine the which notwithstanding came well to passe for vs to drinke considering our necessitie for the space of two monethes and a halfe enduring thyrst for that we colde get no fresh water And God knoweth whether we drancke not our fill euē with open throte considering the extreame heat that burned vs it is true that the rayne water in those parres are corrupted for the infection of the ayre from whence it commeth for that whereof the rayne engendreth is depraued in such sort that if a body wash their hāds therewith there wil ryse pushes bladders I knowe well that many Philosophers hold opinion that some rayne water is vnholsome they set difference betwene these waters with y e reasons which at this time I wil not allege auoyding prolixitie wel what corruptiō so euer came of it yet neuerthelesse it behoued vs to drink therof though it had cost vs our liues Furthermore this water falling on a clothe woulde stayne it and leaue a spot that scant would be gotten out Nowe therefore after we had passed the lyne it was néedfull for our conduct to beginne to counte our degrees from thence vnto our Europe as much muste be done of them that goe thither after that they are come vnder the sayde-line The Ancient Cosmographers measured the earth the which we may also doe by stades paces and féete and not by degrées as we doe as affirmeth Plinie Strabo

past that Alexander the great passing into the Iland of Tabroban founde a ship of Ceder wood on the borders or coast of the sea whereas it had remayned aboue two hūdreth yeares without rotting And thereof this prouerbe in Lattin came Digna Cedro These Ceders are not so hye neither of such a sauor as those that are in the straight of Magellan although it be of the same highnesse as are these Ilands of Essores Lykewise ther is found many other trées small great bearing faire fruite chiefly in the best most notable Ilande the which they haue named the Iland of S. Michael and it is the best peopled In this Iland there is a very faire towne lately builded with a castle where as the ships aswell of Spayne as Portingal at their retourne from the Indies do harbor before that they sayle home into their countries In one of these Ilands there is a hyll or moūtaine almost as high as that of Teneryf of which we haue spoken where as groweth great plenty of Pastel ▪ of Suger and some wyne there is no rauening beasts to be found but there is certaine wylde Goats many foules in the woods From the heigth of these trées it behoued vs to sayle forwarde vntill we came to the Caape Finistra on the coast of Spayne where as we landed very late for to recouer victuals whereof we had great néed for to sustaine vs vntill that we arriued into Britayn which is a countrey vnder the power and obedience of Fraunce Here haue I louyng readers shewed the discourse of this may farre and long voyage to the Ponent the which I haue set forth as well as God hath gyuen me grace for that I woulde not be founde vnprofytable neither that this my enterprise should be in vayne peraduenture not so eloquently as your delicate eares and ripe iudgement doth require Therefore seing that it hath not bene the pleasure of God that I should bestow my youth in learning nor to obtain so much perfection as others but rather in nauigation I moste heartily beseeche you to excuse me In the meane tyme if that it please you to take in good part this present worke the which I haue gathered together being in the tempests and other discommodities of the sea you shall encourage me after that I haue rested my selfe and reconciled my spirites whiche are as scattered here and there to set forth more fully and at large the lyeng and distāce of places the which I haue obserued by eye as well in Leuant as in the Ponent and in the South the which I hope to shew you by eye represent by liuely figures besides the Carde Marins the which to speake the truthe without offence or hurt of any man do erre and fayle in many things whether it be the faulte of those that pricke them or set them out I leaue you to iudge Furthermore as it is vneasie so is it also vnpossible for any one iustly to represent the most notable places their lyengs and distances without hauing séene them the whiche is the surest knowledge of all as all men may well iudge and vnderstande By this ye may sée how long tyme we haue bene ignorant of many countreys as well Ilands as maine landes beleeuyng onely that whiche oure Elders hadde set forth vntyll that since of late yeares men haue ieoparded them selues in the Nauigation So that nowe all our Hemispherie is discouered and founde inhabited of the which Ptolomeus and others knewe not the halfe FINIS ¶ The Table of the Chapters of this present Boke HOvv the Author toke shipping cap. 1 Of the straight auncienly named Calpe and novv Gebaltary cap. 2 Of Africa generally cap. 3 Of Africa particularly ca. 4 Of the fortunate Ilands now called the Canaries ca. 5 Of the hie mountaine of Pyke properly called Pike hil ca. 6 Of the yle of Yron cap. 7 Of the Ilands of Madera ca. 8 Of the vvyne of Madera ca. 9 Of the Promentary Verd and of his Ilands cap. 10 Of the vvine of Palme trees cap. 11 Of the Riuers of Senega ca. 12 Of the Ilāds Hisperides otherwise named Caape Verd. cap. 13 Of Torterells and of an herbe that they call Orseilla ca. 14 Of the Iland of Fyer cap. 15 Of Ethiopa cap. 16 Of Gynney cap. 17 Of the Equinoctiall lyne and of the Ilandes of S. Homer cap. 18 That not onely all that is vnto the line is inhabited but also all the vvorld is inhabited contrary to the opinion of our Elders cap. 19 Of the multitude and diuers kyndes of fishes being vnder this lyne Equinoctiall ca. 20 Of an Ilande named the Assention cap. 21 Of the Promentary of good hope and of many secrets obserued in the same lykevvise our aryual to the Indians of America or France Antartike cap. 22 Of the Iland of Madagascar otherwise named S. Laurēce cap. 23 Of our aryuall to France Antartike otherwise named America to the place named Caape de Fria cap. 24 Of the Ryuer of Ganabara othervvise named Ianaria how the land where we aryued was named France Antartike cap. 25 Of the fish that is in this great Ryuer before named ca. 26 Of America generally cap. 27 Of the Religion of these Americans cap. 28 The maner and custome of liuing of these Americans asvvell men as women cap. 29 Of their eating and drynking cap. 30 Against the opinion of those that thynck the wylde men to be heary cap. 31 Of a tree named Genipat in the American tong vvith the vvhich they make collours cap. 32 Of a tree named Paquouer cap. 33 How these Americans or wyld men do difforme thēselues esteming it a great glory cap. 34 Of visions dreames and dellusions that these Americans haue and of the persecution that they receiue of vvycked spirits cap. 35 Of false Prophets and Magitians that are in this coūtrey of America the which inuocate and call vpon vvicked spirits and of a tree named Ahouai cap. 36 How these Americans beleue the soule to be immortall cap. 37 Hovv these wylde make warre one agaynst a nother specially against those vvhome they name Margageas Thabaiares Also of a tree which they name Hairy of the which they make their weapons for warre cap. 38 Their maner of fighting aswel on the land as on the water cap. 39 How these barbarous and wild men put their ennimies to death that they haue taken in the warres and howe they eate them cap. 40 Howe these wilde men couet greatly to reuenge their harmes and iniuries cap. 41 How these wild men of America are maried cap. 42 Of the ceremonies burial and funeralls that they vse to the deceased cap. 43 Of Mortugabes and of the charitie that they vse towardes strangers cap. 44 The description of a sicknesse named Pians to the whiche are subiecte those people of America as wel in the Ilan●des as the main land cap. 45 Of the Diseases most ryfe in America

of the shels of Torterels A historie of a Portingal gentleman A Portingall healed of the Leprosie Orselie a herbe The Ile of fire and why it was so named The Hill Pusola Lib. 2. cap. 106. The spreading of Ethiopia Senega floud in times past named Nigritis The description of Ethiopia Miroa an Ilande The realme of Etabecke and Ickthiophages The loue of the Anthropophages towards their King Meroa the chief towne of Ethiopia aunciently named Saba Why the Ethiopians and other are black Indians and Ethiopians vse Magique The Inhabitants of Ginney to the Cape of good hope are all Idolaters Castor and Pollux called the bright starres and lanternes of the sea The maners and order of liuing of those of Ginney The aire of Ginney is vnholesome Maniguetta a fruit much estemed among spices The trade of Iuorie Eliphāt a beast approching to humain reson A riuer or flud bearing Mines of golde and siluer Cania and Rhegium riuers Two sea mōsters like to man and wife The description of the Equinoctiall line From whence commeth the name Equinoctiall The temperatenesse of the aire vnder the Equinoctiall line The Ile of S. Omer or of S. Thomas Abundance of diuers fishes vnder the lyne The sea water is sweet vnder the Equinoctiall Man hath great desire to knewe and se things The opinion of many Philosophers that say all the world is not inhabited Fiue Zones by the which the worlde is measured The cold zone The temperat Zone Zone Torida Another temperat zone Another colde zone The zone Torida and hills Hyperbores are inhabited The zone Torida more cōmodious and wholesom thā the others Marsouin and why it is so named A foūtaine that sheweth fish lyke golde Aristotle and Plinie of the Dorade Lib. 6. cap. 16. The descriptiō of the Dorade Dorade the fish hath bene greatly estemed in tymes paste among the Romaines Among these Dorades those were most set by that were brought from Tarenta being made fat at the lake Licryn as witnesseth Martiall in the thirde boke of his Epigrams The Ile of the Ascention an why it was s named Diuers kinds of strāge birds and in great number Aponars birdes Caape of good hast Ile of Aponards and why it is so named The Ile of thascention not yet inhabited as many others India Meridionall Caape of good hope why it is called Lyon of the sea Rhinoceros or beasts of Ethiopia The spreading of East India Sea Indique A signe to the Nauigants that they drewe neere to America The hills of Croistmourō Maqueh Caape de Fria Gekan The maner of these Barbaroꝰ men is to eate their enimies The fruitfulnesse of the Ile of S. Laurence Chicorin a fruit that we name nuts of India The Ile of Prince Seuen sortes of Palme trees in the Indies of America Spagnin a kind of herbe Pa a straunge birde The Asse of India Orix Gray Amber very cordiall Caape Defria Cahonin a drinke in America The superstition of these Indians in making this drinke A Riuer of salt water Birdes with diuers coloured fethers A gown made of fethers brought from America Arat a red bird Ganabara so called bicause of the likenesse to the lake Manihot a rote that the wilde men vse to eate A pleasant and comfortable Iland in the which the Lord of Villegagnon fortified him selfe A rocke from whence procedeth a lake Oysters hauing pearles The maner of these wild mē to take fish Panapana a kinde of fish A kinde of thornebacke Ineuonea Trees bering oysters America not known of the Cosmographers in times past Americus Vespucia did first finde out America The lying of America What the inhabitants of America are America is a very fruitfull countrey What parte of America is inhabited by the Spaniards and Portingals The Religion of the Americans Toupan Hetich rootes Charaiba America first discouered in the yere 1497 The Canibals are a people that liue with humaine flesh HoWe these Americās liue Adamians a kinde of heretikes that maintained nakednesse The opiniō of the Turlupins and the Philosophers of Ciniques cōcerning nakednesse Iulius Ca●●● did weare a cap against the order of the Romaines The stature and naturall coloure of the Americanes The wilde me liue without lawes The Americanes detest and abhorre salte meates The Lezard of America How these Americans kepe silence at their meat Auaty a drink The more delicate a man is nourished the lesse strength he hath A kinde of herbe that cutteth like steele A monstrous forme of a childe couered with scales Abantes a people in Asia The maner of the Athenians Genipat a tree and the fruite The maner how to make colour of this tree Genipat The maner of these wild mē to colour their bodies Vsub a kinde of Gumme An other tree named Genipat Petun an herb and howe it is vsed A fountaine at Lyncestis and his propertie The discription of a tre named Paquouere Pacoua the fruit A dead Cocodrill Iacareabson A stone of the coloure of an Emerauld Why the Americanes are tormented of wicked sprites Aguan a euill sprite in their language Grigri The opinion of the wilde men as touching their naturall dreames Pages Prophets Pages or Charaibes What these pages and Charaibes are and of their deceit The ceremonies of these Prophetes to cal vpon the wicked spirit What the intorrogations are that they make to the wicked spirit Houioulsira Two kindes of Magike Against those that beleue sorceries and witchcraftes Thurgia a dānable Magike Zabulus Which is the right Magike What Magus in the Persian tōg signifieth Zalmoxis Zorastria Cherepicouare The opinion of the wilde men on the immortalitie of the soule Pindahouson a King in the wilde coūtrey This Toupan is to be vnderstanded the almighty God The superstition of the wilde men Hairi a tree Hornebeame a tree The buckler that they vse The cause why the wilde men fight one against another The wilde mē obstinate and couragious The custome of the Americans is to eate their enimies A prouerbe The inhabitants of Morpion are enimies to those of Ianaria Almadies made of the barcke of a tree The superstition of the men in taking of the barks of the trees A foolish opinion of the wild men and of the Turkes and Moores Drummes Flutes other Instrumentes do stir vp the spirites How they intreate their prisoners The wilde men feare not death How the women and maiden prisoners are intreated Cerimonies against the execution of their prisoners Cahouin a drinke The Canibals are mortall enimies to the Spanyardes Vengeance is defended to Christians A history of a Portingall being prisoner to the wildemen The faithfulnesse of the wilde men but not to Christians How they of America do marry The deflouring of maids before they be maried A defēce made by the Lord of Villegagnon that the Frēch men shold not acquaint them selues wyth the wilde women The auncient custome of the Lydians Armenians and the inhabitants of Cypris The wyld mē haue many wiues The maner of the wilde men to burye the dead