washed and anointed 2. 'T is carried to Church the Bearers by the way resting three times to signifie Christ's resting in the Grave 3. Holy Water and Frankincense is put into the Grave to keep out evil Spirits c. 4. He is buried with green Bays to shew the Immortality of the Soul 5. With the Face upward and his Feet toward the East to shew his Expectation of Heaven and his readiness to meet Christ in the Resurrection from the East Note 1. Every Christian buried out of the Church or Church-yard hath a Cross set at his Head to shew that he was a Christian 2. Clergy-Men in Orders are buried in the habit of their Orders 3. All are wrapt in Linnen because Christ was so 4. Some also in Sack-cloth to shew their Repentance 5. Antiently the names of Holy Men were registred in Scrolls or folding Tables called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dypticks which words the Latin Church retained Dr. Holyday on Juven p. 173. saith The Dypticha were two Tables containing the names of especial Persons some alive and some dead some Vertuous some Vicious Read in time of Divine Service amongst the Primitive Christians for the determent of bad c. and the Bishops kept them and publickly read them in time of Divine Service to shew that the Just shall be had in everlasting remembrance 6. Prayers for the Dead are only for such as are in Purgatory i. e. who died in Venial Sins unrepented of 7. There is neither Gloria in excelsis nor Hallelujahs used in the Office for the Dead Mr. Rosse out of Aleninus c. Roman The Roman Catacombs are without the Walls of the Town according to the Law of the twelve Tables yet they seem to run under it viz. vast Caves in the Rocks made use of as Repositories of dead Bodies where they were thrown and there putrified putuerunt thence called Puticoli where the meanest sort of the Ronan Slaves were laid Dr. Burnet's Letters who discourses upon them at large Guinea In Guinea they bury Gods of Straw with their Dead that they may accompany them in the other World Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Mexico The Priests in Mexico interr'd the Dead the places where they buried them were their Gardens and Courts of their own Houses others carried them to the places of their Sacrifices in the Mountains others burnt them and after buried the Ashes in the Temples They sung the Funeral Offices like Responds often lifting up the dead Body with many Ceremonies at these Mortuaries they did eat and drink and if it were a Person of Quality they gave Apparel to such as came the Friends saluted the Person as if he were living for a King or Lord they put some Slaves Cook Butler c. to death with him to serve him in the other World they give him Ornaments also the Obsequies continued ten days c. Purchas out of Acosta Guiana In some parts of Guiana when the Flesh of the Dead is worn off by Putrefaction they hang up the Soâ—leton in the Chamber or House where the Party died decking the Scull with Feathers of divers Colours and hanging Jewels and Plates of Gold about the Arm and Thigh-Bones S. Clark A Table of Heresies and Errors or at least different Opinions from what is asserted in the Column of Orthodoxy Orthodoxy Heresies and Errors THere is One God ATheist Diagoras Theodorus c. There is no God Julius Caesar Vanin suffered as an Atheist  Polytheists Pagan There are many Gods  Gnosticks Two Gods  Marcionites Two Gods one maker of the World bad the other good  Manichees Two Gods One good 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the other bad 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  Valentinus Thirty Gods or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 divided into several Syzygiae  Basilides One Chief Power 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Without Body Parts Passions Anthropomorphites With a body ' parts and passions as a man  Meletonii With a body c.  Mahometans Of a Corporeal Essence with a Soul  Hobbes God is Almighty matter Who created the World viz. Heaven and Earth of nothing and all things therein Aristotle The World was Eternal  Hermians Seleucians Matter was co-eternal with God So the Muggletonians say of Earth and Water  Carpocrates Cerinthus Simon Magus Saturninus Menander Archontici God did not make the World but Angels in number 7 the Off-spring of Abraxas without leave from God  Basilides Those 7 Angels made 365 Heavens  Marcionites The World was too base a thing for God to create  Manichees The substance of the good God was distributed by crumbs among the creatures  Luciferiani Priscillianists The Devil made the world for it lieth in wickedness  Familists God by them made the world  Epicurus The world was made by a Fortuitous concourse of Atoms  Hobbes Whether God created all things else is to be decided by the civil power And formed Man of Earth with a Reasonable Soul Manichees Priscillianists The Devil made man his body only I suppose they mean  Patriciani The Devil made our flesh which may be put off by violent Death  Paterniani The Devil made the lower parts of man which may be used to sin  Priscillianists The soul was made of the same substance with God  Luciferiani The soul was raised out of the flesh  Jews in Barbary All souls wore created together and put in a certain Region c.  Hobbes Irenaeus That man at his first creation was imperfect Rules all things by his Providence Epicureans The world is too base for God to look after  Aristotle Certain Angels are intrusted with the Government  Cyprian God hath committed the Government of the world to certain Coelestial Powers  Stoicks Manichees All things are Ruled by Fate and Fortune  Bardesanes All things are Ruled by Fate  Jews in Barbary Every man hath Two Angels one good and another bad attending him  Colarbas The Generation and Life of man is in the 7 Planets  Familists All things are Ruled by Nature not ordered by God In the Godhead are 3 Persons Marcellians Luciani The Trinity is an Extension of the Deity  Hobbes Is but a threefold Representation of God  Noetians Praxeneans Hermogeneans There are 3 in the Godhead but not 3 Persons  Sabellians 3 in Name only  Gnosticks Marcionitos Valentinians More Gods yet not 3 Persons  Syreni Tritheites Eunomeans 3 Gods or Spirits or Principles not distinguished only but divided also  Macedonians Franciscans 2 Gods Father and Son Old and New  Seleucians 1 Person  Armenians Anastasius Emp. Apollinarians A Quaternity  Servetus There is no distinction of Persons in God  Jews Turks Montanists Deny the Trinity so likewise the Muggletonians  Blandrat Alciat Christians in worshipping 3 Persons worship 3 Devils  Lord Herbert denied Jesus Christ to be a Person in the Godhead  Alogiani Samosateni 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 John
taxed as a Felon for coyning of Money c. 7. Ordination of Church-Officers Jewish 1. PRiests were thus consecrated 1. They must put their Garments on 2. Be presented unto the Lord at the door of the Tabernacle 3. Wash'd with Water 4. Offer up certain Sacrifices whereof some pieces were put into the Priests hands 5. The tip of the right Ear the Thumb of the right Hand the great Toe of the right Foot were to be sprinkled all with the Blood of a Ram. 6. Anointed The High-Priest with a costly Chrism poured on him The second Priests only with this Oyl mixed with the Blood of the Sacrifice 7. All this before the Congregation 8. They were to stay in the door of the Tabernacle seven days 2. Levites were consecrated by imposition of hands Numb 8.24 The Levites were 1. Initiated at a month old 2. Consecrated at 25. 3. Entered upon the ministration at the age of 30. 4. Continued till 50. Ancient Christian Here observe 1. The persons ordaining viz. 1. Bishops ordained all orders undr Bishops 2. All the Bishops of the province present or consenting ordained the Bishop The Metropolitan confirming him 2. The Approbation of the parsons ordained The People of the place at all Ordinations were 1. Present and 2. Ratifying the Action with their Consent and Approbation it being seldom or never done without their Presence and Suffrage v. Constit Appl. l. 8. c. 4. Cypr. Ep. 68. To this end the Bishop used to propund and publish the Names of them who took Holy Orders before-hand that the people might interpose if they had any thing to object When the Ordination was more remote or private they were then to bring Testimonials 3. Examination They examin'd their fitness enquired severely what had been their course of life from their Youth c. v. pag. 30. 4. The Age of persons to be ordained 1. Bishops were to be 35 at least Photius 〈◊〉 App. Constit l. 2. c. 1. 2. Priests were to be 30 at least Concil Neoc c. 11. Conc. Agd. 3. Deacons were to be 25. 4. Deaconesses 40. 5. The Ceremony of lifting up the Hands which was a Ceremony used at Athens and in some of the State of Greece in Election of Magistrates And amongst the Jews there was 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Consecration viz. of Bishops Priests and Deacons 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Blessing Hands being laid on them only as in Absolution of Penitents Thus Sub-Deacons c. Readers and Deaconesses were set apart Mahometan 1. The Mufti is chosen by the Sultan 2. The Cadi's or Judges are first examined by the Cadilesquiri or Doctors of Law and if they are found sufficiently qualified in respect of their conversation and skill they are Sworn to do Justice and give Account of their Charge when called to it 3. All the Inferiour Orders of the Priests are chosen by the People Purchas Ancient Heathen The Flamines were created by the People Comitiis Curiatis at their Parish-Meetings or Courts 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hesiod Oper. c. p. l. 436. Si hoc in ministro requirit Hesiodus ut Juvenem bobus praeficere noluerit quantò minùs Ecclesiasticis rebus publicis praeficeret In Notis Shaving of the Head was used by the Babylonian Priests as also of the Beard Rosse And the Egyptians Idem Modern Heathen The Tirinaxe's in Ceylon were made by the King The General or Tricon in China is nominated by the King The Superiours and Guardians in the Monasteries are nominated by the Provincial In Pegu the Talipan is carried first about the Streets on Horse-back with Pipes and Drums then upon Men's Shoulders to his House Rosse In Mexico the Priests were all Anointed and were their Hair long for they never cut it Idem Purchas ex Acosta The Monks of China are shaven Diabolical Dr. Dee tells us That in this Method he Consecrated his Son Arthur to the Office of Seeing and Skrying from God and by God's Assignment 1. I brought the Child to the Holy Table being in Order of the Furniture thereto belonging 2. I set before him the Stone in the Frame my first Sanctified Stone 3. And caused him on his Knees to say the Prayer which I made O Almighty Everlasting God have pity on my Father John Dee and on me Arthur Dee Quicken Instruct c. Vid. Dr. Dees's Actions with Spirits A. 1587. Apr. 15. 4. And I also prayed to the Child's hearing other Prayers to God for the purpose in hand 8. Sacerdotal c. Vestments or Distinctions Jewish 1. THE Garments of the High-Priest 1. In his ordinary Ministration 1. Linnen Breeches next his Skin 2. A Linnen Coat over that 3. A Girdle embroidered of Linnen Purple and Scarlet 4. A blue Robe with 72 Bells of Gold and as many Pomegranates purple and blue upon the Skirts 5. A Linnen Ephod wrought with Gold Purple and Scarlet girded with a curious Girdle On the Shoulders two fair Beryll Stones with the Names of the 12 Tribes engraven thereon 6. A Linnen Breast-plate wrought with Gold Purple and Scarlet fastned to the Ephod with Gold Chains On this were 12 Stones with the Names of the 12 Tribes Here also was the Vrim and Thummim 7. A Linnen Miter 16 Cubits wrapt about his Head 8. A Gold Plate tied with a blue Lace to the Front of the Miter whereon was writ Holiness to the Lord. 2. In his Extraordinrry viz. when he entred into the Holy of Holies And then 1. The Linnen Breeches 2. Linnen Girdle 3. Linnen Coat 4. Linnen Miter were all white 2. Inferiour Priests had Breeches Coat Girdle Bonnet all Linnen 3. Singers who were Levites used Linnen Garments Christian Concerning the Garments of the Christian Clergy Authors differ 1. That they wore a white Garment seems plain from 1. S. Hierom. Episcopus Presbyter Diaconus reliquus Ordo Ecclesiasticus in administratione sacrificiorum candidâ Veste procedit B. Jewel 2. S. Chrysost who speaking to the Clergy saith This is your dignity your Garland not that you walk through the Church in white Apparel c. Idem 2. S. Hierom saith They of the Church at Bethlehem used no difference in Apparel S. August to his Clerks Let not your Apparel be notable Pope Câ—lestia I. saith Discernendi sumus à plebe Doctrinâ non veste 3. It was decreed by Pope Eusebius Sacrificium Altaris non in Serico panno aut tincto quisquam celebrare praesumat sed in puro lineo ab Episcopo consecrato Karrauz 4. Diaconi Dalmaticis utantur pallis linostimis Can. 6. Concil Rom. Idem Dalmatica signifies a Coat with Sleeves also a Priest's or Bishop's outward Vest Cope Surplice Dr. Littleton Palla a Pall a short Garment like a Cloak with Sleeves called a Pall-Coat not reaching very low The Papaes or Greek-Priests are always clad in black and wear a black Cap with a List of white Cloth about it and a piece of black Cloth fastned to it within which hangs down
the Pastor laid upon the Altar the Bread and Wine for the Sacrament were taken viz. common Bread no dispute then about leaven'd or unleaven'd Bread 3. Hence also probably they had Provisions for the Agapae where Rich and Poor feasted together At â—â—â—st probably before the Sacrament 1 Cor. 11. Every one took his own Supper Afterwards in Chrysostom's time it was after the Sacrament for they fasted till the Sacrament 4. The Elements being prepared 1. The Deacon brought Water to wash the Bishop's and Priest's hands I will wash my hands in Innocency v. Constit. Ap. l. 8. 2. They Deacon cryed aloud Mutually embrace and kiss each other this is the holy kiss when thou bringest thy Gift to the Altar c. 3. They prayed for universal Peace wholesom Weather Kings c. See the Form Consist Apost 4. The Minister and People mutually saluted saying Priest The Lord be with you People And with thy Spirit Pr. Let us give Thanks unto the Lord. Peop. It is meet and just so to do 5. The Minister rehearsed the Prayer of Consecration giving Thanks for the Death Resurrection c. of the Son c. for admitting them to those Benefits praying for a closer Union Ending with the Lord's Prayer 6. The Minister cried 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ans There is one Holy one Lord. J. Ch. 7. They exhorted to participation by a Hymn Come Taste and see that the Lord is good Cyril 8. The Bishop or Priest Sanctified the Elements See the Form in S. Ambros de Sacram. l. 4. c. 5. 9. They brake the Bread delivering it to the Deacon and he to the Communicants then the Cup the Wine mixt with Water For Infants and wealt the Bread dipt in Wine was given 10. The posture was various in Dionys Alezander's time standing Euseb Hist Eccl. l. 7. c. 9. 11. The People stretch'd out the right hand the left hand being under it Cyril 12. During the Administration they sung Psalms Ps 33. Constit Apost and Hymns 13. Concluded with Prayer and Thank sgiving 14. Saluted each other with a Kiss of Peace signaculo Orationis Tertul. Enlogiae pieces of Bread sent to Catechumens c. Mahometan The Mahometans used Circumcision after the 8th Year when the Child is able to make confession of his Faith where lifting up his Finger he speaks these words There is but one God and Mahomet his Prophet one God and equal Prophets After Circumcision ended they Feast three days together and then they carry the Circumcised to a Bath with great Pomp and then home again presenting him with gifts Circumcision not commanded in the Alcoran The Women are not circumcised but only use the words When any Christian abjures his Faith and is circumcised they are led through the Town with great honour and rejoycing and exempted from Taxes and Tributes Yet the Moors of Egypt circumcise their Daughters cutting off some of their Nymphae M. de Thev The Old Arabians circumcised at thirteen years of age Rosse In Mexico the Priests washed the Newborn Children and let them blood in the Ears Rosse Ancient Heathen In answer to Circumcision and Baptism The Heathen Romans every Citizen gave notice of the birth of their Children to the Prefects of the Treasury in the Temple of Saturn upon the Ninth day for the Male the Eighth for a Female but the Tenth amongst the Greeks upon which day called therefore Dies Lustricus Nominalia the Child was Purified Named They accounted the Child in danger till the seventh day past The supposed Goddess of the day was called Nundina The Grecians on the fifth day had their Midwives to carry the Child and run about a fire made for the purpose for the purification of the Infant and consecrating of it to the Houshold Gods This day was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dr. Holyday on Juvenal Modern Heathen The Inhabitants of Ceilon dedicate a Cock to the Devil by way of Vow in case of sickness Capt. Knox. The most Ancient Historians tell us that the Egyptians were the first that instituted Circumcision or else learn'd it from the Ethiopians thence it came to be used among the Cholchi Phenicians and Syrians Ludolph They of Alnajah circumcise with sharp Stones and Epiphanius quotes the Homerites for the same custom from whence came the Abyssinians Idem The Troglodytes Nigrites and other innumerable Nations use it for cleanliness or for generation as conducive to it or because they have a longer Praeputium idem Among the Abyssins Egyptians and Arabians even the Women are circumcised and the most impudent about the Cape of Good-hope who yet prostitute themselves for a small matter to the Seamen My Author wonders that only in Africa and Asia the Women should have such extuberances as have need to be cut off idem O Bandaron O Uncircumcised is as great a Reproach among these Women as O Arel i. e. O Incircumcised amongst the Jewish Men idem Among the Bannyans the Priests Children and Merchants i. e. Bramins and Bannyans in Baptism anoint with Oyl and cleanse with Water the prophaner sort Men of War and Manufactures have only Water with the point of a Pen opposed to their Foreheads Sir Th. Herb. Diabolical The Witches renounce their Christian Baptism and suffer the Devil to pour Water upon them and take another Feigned Name in their Fictitious Baptism Mart. Delrio Disq Mag. l. 5. Sec. 16. Also for a Pledge they give a Fragment of their Garments and write their Names or make their Marks with their own Hands in the Book of Damned Reprobates ibid. Some offer the Sacramental Bread to the Devil Also the Wizard or Witch in some secret part of the Body hath a kind of a Dug which the Familiar Spirit at certain seasons sucks thereby receiving some service and peradventure infusing some malignant virtue and power into the Witch which serves as a kind of Sacrament to them for the conveyance of continual nourishment Glanv Consid on Witches Dr. d ee when his Son Rowland was sick ready to die made a Vow if God should restore his Son to eat but one meal on Saturdays c. Act. with Spir. p. 10. vid. post cap. de Jejun Mr Mather tells of a Diabolical Sacrament in Bread and Wine Wonders of the Invisible World 7. Fasting Mortification Penances Jewish THE Fasts of the Jews are 1. Publick which are many concerning which we have given account already in the Monthly Festivals save only that we omitted one which is kept in the Month of Tizri or September for the death of Gedaliah Jer. 41.2 2. Private as 1. On Mondays The reasons of which see before in the Chapter of weekly times of Publick Worship 2. Thursdays Which are kept only by the Devouter Sort. The general rule in all their Fastings is to forbear Meat and Drink till the Stars appear but in this they are palpably carnal relying upon the very doing of the Work Dr. Addison Some fast on the 10th of March because Miriam died that day and
by that Court c. See more in Dr. Burnet 's Letters and the Supplement to them Ambrosian and Roman Office As for the Devotions of this place Milan I saw here the Ambrosian Office which is distinguished from the Roman both in the Musick which is much simpler and in some other Rites The Gospel is read in a high Pulpit at the lower end of the Quire that so it may be heard by all the People though this is needless since it is read in a Language that they do not understand When they go to say High Mass the Priest comes from the high Altar to the lower end of the Quire where the Offertory of Bread and Wine is made by some of the Laity Dr. Burnet 's Letters Hither may be referred the difference of their Divine Service in England formerly Secundum usum Sarum Bangor c. Protestants 1. Lutherans 1. Their Doctrines IN most Points they agree with the Calvinists as may be seen in their Confessions except that they hold that Christ is consubstantially in the Sacrament and some of them agree not with the Calvinists in the Point of Absolute Predestination nor in the Abolition of Saints days c. 2. Discipline and Worship 1. They retain Bishops but shorten their Revenues in Germany Denmark Swedeland but not in England 2. They use Forms of Prayer Kneeling at the Sacrament generally keep some Holy-days of Saints in many places use Instrumental Musick particularly 1. In Swedeland 1. Their number of Parish-Churches are 42000 all covered with Copper 2. In all of them there are Organs in some two or three pair and Bells in all their Churches 3. There are in that Kingdom 64 Provinces 12 or 14 Bishops one Arch-bishop residing at Vpsal 4. The Bishop with all the Priests of his Provinces hears Causes and Excommunicates 5. Their Elders are for Life and their Office to take care of the Church-repairs and the Poor 6. Two or three Chaplains belong to every Church at least 7. Three times a day they go to Church except on Fasting-days for then four Ministers preach successively and the People go not out from Morning till Night their Order of Service thus 1. The Morning for Servants when there is 1. A Psalm sung 2. A Prayer in Form and a Psalm again 3. The Chapter wherein the Text lies read 4. A Psalm sung again viz. some Epistle of Luther's translated into Hymn 5. The Sermon of an hour long 6. A Psalm again 2. The middle Service for Masters of Families c. in which there is the same order as before except that the Text is taken out of the Gospel and the Gospel read before the Altar For they have an Offering every Lord's day and a Sacrament after the second Sermon the People coming to Church on Saturday to be prepared for the Sacrament and receiving a Ticket for which they pay a Fee 3. Their last Service is from one till five a clock All their Weddlings are in Church Mr. Derick Reynes a Native 2. In Livonia an Inland adjoyning to the Baltick Sea now under the King of Swedeland 1. It s Government is by an Arch-bishop residing at Riga and Bishops or Superintendants at Reuel c. 2. Their Doctrine is according to the Auspurg Confession 3. Their Knowledge and Devotion very little and mixt with much Superstition and Sorcery for there is hardly a Village but hath a Church and Minister and yet the People so poorly instructed that it may be said Baptism excepted they have not any Character of Christianity they very seldom go to Sermons and never almost communicate unless forced and driven to it by other occasions D. of Holstein 's Ambass Travels into Muscovy c. 3. In Germany 1. Their Government is by Bishops and Superintendants c. 2. Their Doctrine differs a litlte but not in the substantial part of it as may be seen in the Harmony of Confessions 3. They have a Sermon every day saith Dr. Brown at Hamburgh as in other Lutheran Cities In his Travels p. 176. 4. They retain Pictures in their Churches The Lutherans at Frank ford have built a new Church called S. Catherines in which there is as much Painting as ever I saw in any Popish Church and over the High Altar is a huge carved Crucifix as there are Painted ones in other places of their Church Dr. Burnet's Letters 5. At Strasburg they bow when they name the Holy Ghost as well as the Name of Jesus Idem 6. I was in their Church saith the Reverend Author where if the Musick of their Psalms pleased me much the Irreverence in singing it being free to keep on or put off the hat did appear very strange to me Idem ibid. 7. They have not as Strasburg the same Ceremonies that the Lutherans of Saxony have which Mr. Bebel their Professor of Divinity said was a great Happiness for a similitude in outward rites might dispose the ignorant People to change too easily ibid. 8. The Lutherans for the greatest part retain their Animosities almost to an equal degree both against Papists and Calvinists ibid. 9. The Lutheran Churches are handsome and their Pulpits exeraordinary Noble and richly set off as I observed through all Saxony Noremberg and where they are Masters of the places c. Dr. Brown's Travels In the Palatinate the Order of their Service is thus as I received it from the hand of one Herman Graffâ—ing of Keysart Lautern a Native of the Palatinate On Sundays Morning-Service 1. On a Sledge in the Porch is notified what Psalms are to be sung 2. When they are come into Church the Clerk begins to sing the people all joyning with him presently every one having his book and the Scholars generally being taught at School to sing by Notes the melody is pleasant 3. The Minister prays in the book one prayer concluding always with the Lord's Prayer 4. Then follows a short Hymn to this sense O God that art our Father through Jesus Christ give us thy Spirit in general that may lead us into the Truth hear us in this hour Open the mouth of thy Servant that the word may be pure and freely explained O Lord graciously open our hearts and ears that we may hear it with all diligence and keep it truly so that we may plentifully declare thy praise 5. After this Hymn is sung the Minister prays in short Extempore with respect to his Sermon 6. Next he preacheth and after he hath divided his Text and disposed his Sermon into parts which he doth without book the Minister being bare or using only a Cap upon his head but the people covered He makes a short Prayer and exhorts them to attention and charitableness to the poor c. the people all standing up and putting off their Hats Whereupon the people sit down again and he proceeds on with his Sermon and the Church-warden goes about from Pew to Pew with a long Staff and a Purse and Bell at the end of it to gather
to Church Mr. Hales Let. from Dort to Sir D. Carleton Helvetia One of the Helvetian Deputies declared That with them all Persons before Marriage were to be Examined by the Minister else their Marriage was to be deferr'd Idem A Catechism answering in bare Texts of Scripture was desired by the Remonstrants at the Synod of Dort to gain Anabaptists c. Idem Palatinate In the Palatinate in Sundays at one a Clock the Bell rings duly to Assemble the young People together at Church in order to be Catechised where Persons grown up to Men and Women submit themselves willingly to Catechetical Instruction and aged Persons disdain not to give their Presence The Ordinance is attended with Psalms and Prayers Protestants of France The Protestants of France have a large Catechism which they expound on Sundays Afternoon Papists The Papists have their Catechism likewise and Catechising used amongst them See afterwards under the Title of Discipline Frequency and Devotion at the Sacrament Jews THey embrace Circumcision for a Sacrament of Divine Institution and a Sign and Seal of the Covenant seldom deferring it longer than the eighth day doing it sometimes at home the Richer in the Synagogue The chief Officer or Circumciser is Mohel the God-father is called Baal-berith who receives the Child at the Synagogue-Door with this Acclamation Blessed is he the Child or Elias that comes and holds the Child to the Mohel who gives GOD thanks for this Sacrament given to Abraham Whilest the Fore-skin is taking away the Father thanks the Lord that he gave Abraham a heart to fulfill the Law of Circumcision and preserv'd him to see this his Son circumcised When he hath done the Mohel prays that the Child may live to see his Sons thus initiated may keep the Law and do good Works Then he taking a Cup of Wine and blessing God for creating the Vine and giving it an exhilarating Vertue dips the little Finger of his left Hand thrice in the Wine and lets it drop in the Child's mouth and having tasted it himself reaches it to the Congregation After which the Mohel gives GOD thanks that he hath Sanctified the Child in the Womb and hath brought it to the Foederal-Sacrament c. Then he takes the Infant from the Baal-berith and delivering it to the Father gives it a Name praying for him c. Dr. Addison I forgot to tell that at the Baal-berth's giving the Child to the Mohel is sung Deut. 15. They are not peremptory about the precise time of eight Days I knew one Jacob Israel Balgara born in Spain Circumcised in Barbary in the fortieth Year of his Age. They are careful not to delay the first occasion of being Circumcised The negligence of Parents herein is liable to Excommunication If a Child die before the eighth day 't is Circumcised at the place of Burial with only giving it a Name c. In the celebration of the Passeover they run home from the Synagogues at Even where they have in one Dish three Cakes in another a rosted Leg of Lamb with an hard Egg in another Pap and spiced Wine and divers Fruits in another Lettice Parsley c. Rosse Christians Serapion having lapsed and on his Death-bed desiring Reconciliation and the Sacrament and none being willing to communicate with him he sent his Boy to the Pastor who being also sick sent the Eucharist by the Boy after he had re-received the Sop he immediately died Dr. Cave Calvinists A Gentleman of no mean rank being a Candidate of Divinity and assisting at the Administration of the Sacrament while he was holding the Cup fixed his Eyes upon a Gentlewoman who was betrothed to him She some days after at her Father's House ask'd him the Reason He told her because he had almost a fancy to drink her Health Whereupon she began to hate and utterly detest him and the Matter being spread abroad he was taken Prisoner and some Weeks after Condemned and Beheaded Werndley in his Liturgia Tigurina Heathens Gaurs The Gaurs in Persia at the Birth of their Children practise something like our Baptism for some days after the Child is born they wash it with Water wherein certain Flowers are first boyl'd and during that dipping the Priest who is present makes certain Prayers If the Child dye without that washing they do not believe but that it goes to Paradise but the Parents shall give an account for their neglect because the washing encreases his Favour in the sight of GOD. M. Tavern l. 4. Armenians The Armenians always Communicate at their Marriage and during the Administration they Sing and play on certain great Cymbals D. of H. Emb. Trav. Those aged Persons that Communicate not once a Year and Children dying unbaptized are not buried in the Church-yard Idem p. 208. Muscovites Those Muscovites who receive the Sacrament prepare themselves by extraordinary Mortifications for eight days eating nothing but a hard kind of Bread and drinking nothing but Water and Quas which is so sowre that it wrings the Belly and brings to Death's door and make their Confession Such as have taken an Oath lately in any Law-suit or committed Murder or any heinous Sin are debarr'd 'till death There are but few that neglect to receive the Sacrament at Easter Sacraments Muscovites THE Muscovites think Baptism the only Door through which a Man must enter into Christ and so into Paradise They Baptize their Children as soon as born if weak at home if well at Church The way thus 1. The Priest receives the Child at the Church-Door from the God-father and God-mother crosses and blesses him saying The Lord preserve thy going out and coming in receives Wax-Candles uses Incense c. 2. Makes a Procession about the Font 3 times with the God-father c. the Clerk going before with the Picture of S. John the Priest reading in the interim c. 3. The God-fathers give the Child's Name in Writing which the Priest puts on an Image upon the Child's breast saying over certain Prayers 4. He asks the God-fathers if the Child believe in God the Father Son and H. Ghost 5. All turn their Backs upon the Font to shew their horrour for those three Questions that are to be ask'd afterwards viz. If he renounced the Devil his Angels and his Works To which the God-fathers answer three times and spit so often on the ground 6. Then they face about and the Priest asks If they will bring up the Child in the true Greek Religion 7. He Exorcises the Child by putting his hand on him and blowing three times cross and saying Get out of this Child thou unclean Spirit 8. He cuts off a little of the Child's hair puts it in a Book dips the naked Child three times in the Water In the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost 9. Puts a corn of Salt in the Child's mouth crosses it on the Fore-head Hands Breast Back with Oil puts a clean Shirt on him saying Thou art as clean as this
and was helpful to others in repeating them c. Though his Father often and earnestly endeavoured to divert him yet when a Boy he was unmoveable in his desires to be a Minister Clark's Lives Arch-Bishop Vsher at ten Years old found himself wrought upon by a Sermon on Rom. 12.1 I beseech you Brethren by the Mercies of God c. About the same time he was moved to a more conscientious observation of the Lord's Day by reading some Notes taken from Mr. Perkins's Works then also he read Augustine's Meditations with frequent weeping Idem D. Bern. King Edw. VI took Notes of such things he heard in Sermons which more nearly related to himself Hist of Reform Queen Elizabeth wrote a good hand before she was four Years old and understood Italian Dr. Burnet Ibid. Mrs. Marg. Corbet Daughter of Sir Nathanael Brent Warden of Merton College when about 14 Years of Age wrote Sermons with dexterity and left many Volumes of such Notes writ with her own hand Clark Mrs. Elizabeth Wilkinson was from her Childhood very docile took much pains in writing Sermons and collecting special Notes out of Practical Divines When I was about 12 Years old saith she in a Narrative written with her own hand upon reading in the Practice of Piety concerning the happy Estate of the Godly and the miserable condition of the wicked in their Death and so for ever unto all Eternity it pleased the Lord so to affect my heart as from that time I was wrought over to a desire to walk in the ways of God Sir Tho. More never offended his Father nor was ever offended by him Olympia Fulvia Morata an Italian born at Ferrara bred at Court there with the Young Princess the Duke's Daughter of a singular Spirit for Learning could both Write and speak Elegant Latine and Greek in her very young years c. Anon. Mahometans The poor Hindoes though they have not above five Shillings a Moon for their Labour yet will impart at least half that little to their Parents when in want Anon. The Great Mogul though he esteemed the whole World as his Vassals would sometimes be one to help to carry his Mother in a Palankee upon his Shoulders Idem Persians Parentes non honorantes brevis aevi sunt Sir Tho. Herb. out of Homer Amongst the Ancient Persians Children from the fifth Year of their Age to the twentieth used little other exercise saith Herodotus than to ride the Horse Shoot and speak Truth Sir Thomas Herbert Chinese The Chinese marry not without their Parents consent leave their Childrens Names to them honour them be they never so mean relieve them be they never so poor at their death express all symptoms possible of Duty in white Linnen mourn seldom less than two or three Years Mahometans It is observed That the Children of Mahometans have a particular Tenderness to them that brought them into the World nay it is sometimes so great that they will rather starve themselves than suffer their Parents to want Mandel Trav. p. 61. Persia In Persia the Children go to School betimes Persons of Quality have Tutors at home so that they stir not abroad till 18 unless a Hunting c. And therefore are very modest Tavern Good Husbands Jews AMongst the Ancient Hebrews we find Abraham to Sarah Isaac to Rebecca Jacob to Rachel discharging well the Duties of Husbands to their respective Wives that which looks most like a blemish in these Examples and of others that lived after them in the Jewish Oeconomy is their marrying of many Wives a Point very obscure yet connived at and seemingly permitted for the time and continued still in use among the Jews and accounted as one of their chief Privileges For they believe That a Man may take as many Wives as he can find with Meat Drink Cloaths and the right of the Bed But because Polygamy is clog'd with inconveniencies which an ordinary Eye may fore-see consequent upon it they are not now a-days very fond of the Practice Christians In Venice the Wives are bred to so much Ignorance and they converse so little that they know nothing but the dull Superstition on Holy-days in which they stay in the Churches as long as they can and so prolong the little liberty they have of going abroad on those days as Children do their Hours of Play They are not employed in their Domestick Affairs and generally they understand no sort of Work so that I was told that they were they insipidest Creatures imaginable they are perhaps as vicious as in other places but it is in them down-right lewdness without any preamble or preparative down-right heastliness The Italians by their excessive caution want the true delights of a Married State Dr. Burnet's Letters Ancient Heathens Socrates is recorded to hear with much Patience not only other cross accidents in his Life Affronts Reproaches Injuries but also the perverseness of his Wife Xantippe her railing Words abusive Behaviour throwing the Chamber-pot upon his Head over-throwing the Table when he had invited his Philosophical Guests to Feast with him insomuch that she herself gave this Testimony of him That she never saw him change Countenance for any thing that befel him but used still codem incedere vultu to go out and return home with the same evenness of Spirit and pleasantness of Face Heathens In the Moluccaes they have Officers who at break of Day go about the Town and with the beat of a Drum awake the People and exhort the Masters of Families to remember their Matrimonial Duties Mandel Trav. p. 130. Moluques What is mention'd before about the Office of beating a Drum every Morning at break of Day I find observed by another Traveller with only this addition That they account it their publick Interest that the Inhabitants should multiply Pac. broke open Vol. 2. Good Wives Jews THE Rabbins have taught the Jews in Barbary against the time of Child-birth to draw Circles in the Chamber of the Woman with Child and on the Doors within and without and Walls and about the Bed inscribing every Circle with Adam Chava Chutz Lilis i. e. Adam Eve Begone Lilis Lilis was as they say Adam's first Wife but disobedient and undutiful and therefore was upon her speaking the Most Holy Name rapt up out of his sight into the Air and tho afterwards pursued by three Angels who overtook her at the Red Sea she refused to return pleading That she was created in the same manner as Adam was and therefore she would not be Subject but that she was to destroy the Male-Children for eight Days after the Birth and Females for Twenty The Angels finding in her a shrewd resistance dismiss'd her on this condition That she should spare those Infants where she saw their Names written And to this Time the Jews use to write the three Angels Names in a Table or Parchment Senei Sanfenoi Saumangeloph and to hang them for Amulets about the Children's Necks The meaning of Adam Eve
Confessions and Exploits of Wizards and Witches do by Natural Argumentation prove the Existence of Angels If these be Tales then the Faith of almost all mankind is called in question the manifest proofs at publick and solemn Trials in Lancashire c. with which our undoubted Records abound are despised These Stories have been believed by Socrates plotinus Synesius Dion Josephus Pomponatius Cardan c. Not Idiots in Philosophy Dr. Tenison against Hobbs p. 62. Mahometans The Mahometans tell many and strange Stories of Angels as that Gabriel made the Spots in the Moon with his Wing by flying by it that Michael shall weigh Men's Souls in a Pair of Scales at the Second Sound of the Trumpet that at Israphel's first sounding of the Trumpet all Men and Women shall Dye and Revive again c. F. Simon c. Ancient Heathens The Pythagoreans and Platonists called the Middle Kind between the Immortal Gods and Men Daemons or Angels Who were a kind of Aetherial or Aerial Heroes but sometimes they distinguish'd them into those that were nearest to the Immortal Gods and those that were furthest off The former they called Heroes and the last good Daemons Marcil in Pythag. Carm. Hesiod calls them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cloathed with Air. Hierocles calls the Heroes Angels 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hierocl in Pyth. Carm. If once thou thinkest saith Maximus Tyrius speaking of Socrates's Daemon there are no such Beings thou must Proclaim War against Homer and Renounce Oracles and Prophecies and disbelieve Credible Reports and declare against Dreams with their Interpretations and at last bid adieu to Socrates Max. Tyr. Disser 26. Siam They holy that each Man hath two Spirits waiting on him a good and bad Rosse Tartars They feed Spirits by casting Mare's-milk into the Air or pouring it on the ground Paquet broke open vol. 1. Christians of St. John They believe that Angels and Devils are Male and Female and beget Children That the Angel Gabriel is the Son of God Engendred upon Light That he had a Daughter called Souret who hath two Sons That he hath several Legions of Daemons under him who are instead of Soldiers and others that are his Officers of Justice whom he sends from Town to Town and from City to City to Punish the Wicked Taver l. 2. c. 8. p. 92. Atheism Irreligion Soldania If that Maxim universum genus humanum colit Deum vel falsum fail any where here in Souldania it may for during the time I staid amongst them I saw no signs of any knowledge of God the Law of Nature scarce being observed no Spark of Devotion no Symptom of Heaven or Hell no place set apart for Worship no Sabbath for Rest Sir Tho. Herbert Trav. into Persia Indian Theers There are a Sect of Indians called Theers who are neither Pagans nor Mahometans for they have no Religion at all Their whole Employment is Scouring of Wells Sinks Common-Shoars and Privies Fleaing dead Beasts and Executioners They are an Abomination to the rest of the Indians who are to wash and purify after touching them Mandelslo's Travels p. 61. Fermosa The Inhabitants of Fermosa have very little if any Religion yet they have Pagods and Priestesses and believe the Immortality of the Soul Idem and Prayers and Sacrifices Cape of Good Hope Of all the People that ever I saw in all my Travels I never saw any so hideous nor so brutish as the Comaukes and those of the Cape of Good Hope whom they call Cafres or Hosentoles when they speak they make a noise with their Tongues like the breaking of wind backward hardly speaking articulately cover'd the Rich with Skins the Poor with nothing but a nasty Rag about their Privities when they bring forth a Male-Child the Mothers cut out his right Stone and presently give him Water to drink and Tobacco to eat this is to make them swifter to run for they will catch a Roe-Buck running They neither know what belongs to Gold nor Silver and for Religion they have none among them Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 26. Neither Men nor Women are asham'd to shew their Nakedness for indeed they are but a sort of Human Beasts Idem This place the Cape of Good Hope furnishes me with an Observation that I have not before met with i. e. that there are Nations which have no Notions of a Deity nor any footsteps of Worship and Adoration Anonym Pegu and Siam The common People in Pegu and Siam offer Sacrifices to the Devil Papists John King of England having received an Overthrow in France said in great Anger Nothing hath ever prospered with me since I was reconciled to God and the Pope Baker 's Chron. The same King being on a time a Hunting and afterwards opening a fat Buck said See how fat he is and yet I dare say he never heard Mass Idem Julius Caesar Vanin Suffered as an Atheist Dr. Tenison Superstition Jews THE Jews are very Superstitious and much addicted to little Observations Gaurs The Gaurs eat no Hares because they have their Monthly Purgations like Women For the same reason they never eat Mulberries believing that they partake of the Nature of Women and Hares If when they Comb their Hair or Beards any one Hair happens to fall upon their Clothes those Clothes must be washed in the Stale of a Cow or Ox to purifie them again If they touch any Ordure or Nastiness they must wash in the same Urine If a Priest meets a Dead Corps on the High-way and chances to see it he is obliged to wash in Cows-piss M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 8. Indians One Tribe of the Idolatrous Indians are so superstitious that they carry their Oval Flints representations of their God about their Necks and thump them against their Breasts when they are at their Devotions Idem Part. 2. l. 2. c. 5. Japonese The Great Dairy of Japon so soon as he is Crowned by the Bonzes who are the Priests and Lawyers is then no more to expose himself to the light of the Moon nor to shave his Head or cut his Nails Tavernier's Collect. p. 2. There is no Nation under Heaven more fearless of Death or more inclined to Cruelty If any Prince or great Lord makes a Feast for his Friends at the end of the Feast he calls his principal Officers and asks them If there be any that hath so much love for him as to kill himself before the Guests for his sake presently there arises a dispute among them who shall have the Honour and whoever the Prince is pleased to Name rips up his Belly with a Cric which is a kind of Dagger the point whereof is poison'd This Custom is also practis'd upon the Death of their Masters or when they lay the Foundation of any Palace for they are so superstitious as to believe that these Victims are necessary to render both the Owners of the Buildings and the Habitation fortunate Idem Relat. of Japon p. 4. Papists It may seem superfluous