worldly lusts we should LIVE SOBERLY GODLY and RIGHTEOVSLY in this present world Tit. 2.11 12. I begin with that which contains all our Duty towards our selves viz. Sobriety Sobriety is in the general Such a regulation of all our actions whether they concern our Bodies or our Souls as makes it appear that they are guided by a sound mind presiding in Flesh and that the animal Body which they flow from is under the Command of a spiritual Reason It is a doing what is becoming and fit for such Creatures as are Soul as well as Body that have a wise and discerning Spirit which should govern and give Laws in this lump of Flesh. So that Sobriety is a taking care and giving what is due and becoming to both the Parts of our Natures viz. our Bodies and our Souls As for our Bodies all the things in the world which affect them are of a limited goodness or illness but yet in their desires and aversations of them they do not of themselves know any Limits So that in their desires and actions that dueness and decency which Sobriety prescribes is keeping within due bounds or moderation And this Moderation is either 1. Of their desires and use of such things as gratifie and delight them whether that inveigling delight which causes such excess of use and desire be 1. In Meats and our desire and use of them both as to their quantity and quality is moderated by Temperance 2. In Drinks and the like moderation there is by Sobriety more particularly so called 3. In other bodily pleasures which are particularly called Lust and our bodily desires and use of them are moderated by Chastity And the ability to contain our selves and to restrain the violence of our desires herein is called Continence 4. In Riches and Honours and the desire and use of these are moderated by contempt of the world and contentedness In our bodily desires and use of all these things by reason of the unbridled temper of our bodily Appetites which stop at no bounds nor ever know when they have enough we are in great danger to exceed and therefore our desires and use of them stand in need to be moderated and retrenched by these Vertues that it may appear we understand and act not as brute Beasts who have nothing else but bodily appetite to guide them but as men who have wise Souls presiding in Flesh to keep within decency and due bounds the exorbitant inclinations of our Bodies Which Souls moreover as we shew by such actions are of an immortal and invaluable nature whose interest therefore is infinitely dearer to us and calls incomparably more for our care and pains than our Bodies either do or in reason ought to call for 2. Of their aversation and avoidance of such things as grieve and trouble them Whether that matter of our bodily avoidance be 1. The troubles and losses that are laid in the way of our Duty and our avoidance of these is moderated by the Duty of taking up the Cross. 2. The irksome pains which we take in going through it and performing it and our avoidance of this is moderated by the Vertues of diligence and watchfulness 3. The great evils which we have already fallen under and are suffering for it and our avoidance and flight of these is moderated and restrained by patience Our hatred and avoidance of all these evils which in themselves are naturally prone to be excessive are so to be moderated and over-ruled by these Vertues that all the world may see we are not acted as the brute Beast by mere sense and appetite which know no Rules of decency nor stop at any limits but know and do as becomes men who are endowed with spiritual and discerning Souls which understand how to give Laws and prescribe Rules of decency to our fleshly Appetites and whose sins are far worse evils than any or all the sufferings which can befal our Bodies So that to keep back from them we will not avoid and fly from these but willingly embrace and undergo them And to enable us the better thus to moderate all the desires and aversations and to keep perfectly under Command and within just bounds these naturally extravagant tendencies and propensions of our Flesh we must curb and keep it in and dead in great degrees not only its immoderate and excessive but also its innocent eagerness and inclinations lest they become a Snare to us and acquire so much strength by our indulgence of them as will carry us on to gratifie them at other times when they are not innocent but sinful which but for such curbing and conquest of them they would be sure to do And this is done by the general Vertues of mortification and self-denial The great matter indeed and principle Object of mortification and self-denial is our sinful appetites and such disobedient actions as we are tempted and drawn into by the untamed inclinations of our Bodies And this S t Paul affirms is an indispensable Duty and a Vertue of absolute necessity unto life If ye live after the Flesh saith he you shall dye but if you through the Spirit do mortifie the DEEDS of the Body you shall live Rom. 8.13 But as our sinful and disobedient appetites are the prime Object of all religious self-denial and mortification and that which is absolutely necessary as the end so likewise are our innocent appetites an inferior object of it and our mortification of them is a necessary means and instrument without which we shall never be able to mortifie the other For a free allowance of our bodily desires in all things lawful and an unlimited gratification of them in all instances whatsoever where they are innocent would certainly prove a Snare to us and betray us into a like indulgence and satisfaction of them in some Cases where they are sinful and disobedient And the reason of this is plain because if we should gratifie them in all things where we may lawfully and never deny them any thing but what is sinful they must needs come by long use and indulgence to rule in us and to have a great Power and Empire over us We shall find it a matter of great difficulty to put them by and a very painful task to deny them any thing so that whithersoever they lead us it is odds but we shall follow them But now as for their Parts they make no difference between an innocent and a sinful enjoyment they do not distinguish things into good and evil they are not moved by Law and decency but pleasure and desire what is delightsom and agrees with them whether it happen to be allow'd to them or forbidden If by a customary gratification therefore and indulgence of them in any thing even in instances that are innocent and lawful we suffer our bodily appetites to grow strong in us and to get the guidance and management of us they will over-rule us in instances that are prohibited as
the strength of our own sinfull lusts that gives such an irresistible strength to the outward temptation A great offer of gain indeed cannot be withstood by a covetous heart and an inviting beauty and a fair opportunity are irresistible to a slave of lust and a lascivious reigning inclination But if the man is above the world and his heart is chaste they are of no force nor can they offer any violence at all It is the wickedness of our own hearts lusts therefore which are so deeply in love with them and so unbridledly bend after them that gives all the prevailing force and overpowering strength to the outward temptation But now this is our Sin and so can by no means plead our excuse it is our damnable disease and therefore it can never prove our saving remedy For this is that reigning power of Sin which the Gospel has indispensably required us to mortifie but not to submit to It is only if you through the spirit do mortifie the deeds of the body says S t Paul that you shall live Rom. 8.13 Col. 3.5 But if we are not under this damnable servitude to Sin there are no temptations so strong but that God has given us sufficient defensatives against them For the present offer of a Gibbet would fright away the most endearing temptation the near expectation of a great Estate or of a Crown would make us prevail over it And what are these to hell fire and an eternal Crown of Glory Heaven therefore and Hell when they can be considered of are an answer to all temptations in the world they will engage our hearts more than all the endearments of a lust and infinitely out do all the baits and allurements of sin If we commit sin then it is no sufficient excuse to us that the temptation was strong because it was only the strength of our own unmortified lusts that made it so For we loved the sinfull pleasure too well and that was the reason why it overpower'd us And since the strength of temptation is owing only to the strength of sin it can never excuse us from undergoing punishment So that this must needs be a false hope to think of being excused for our sin because we acted it through the violence of a great temptation Fourthly Another ground of false confidence whereupon men hope to be saved although they do not obey in their works and actions but are workers of sin and disobedience is because when they do transgress it is with reluctance and unwillingness Albeit in their actions they do serve sin yet in their minds they do not approve of it their service of it is an unwilling and a slavish service They cannot sin freely and at their own ease but with fearfulness and regret For the Conviction of their duty abides in their Consciences the fear of hell torments sticks fast in their souls they cannot shake off either their sense of duty or their fears of punishment So that even when they do sin against God it is with remorse of mind and fearfulness of apprehension They cannot embrace their sin with a full choice because they know that it is not an unmixed pleasure They believe and know it to be of a compound and mixt nature to have some present pleasure which will delight but withall much future punishment which will torment them And since they know it to be a composition of good and ill they do not perfectly either love or hate choose or refuse it Their will is distracted by different motives in the same choice for the future pains would draw them to reject but the present joyes invite them to embrace it So that in a different degree they both will and nill the same thing they would have it and yet they would avoid it For they would enjoy what they desire but withall they would keep off from what they fear they have a mind to commit the sin because it will please them for the present and yet they are afraid of it because of that wrath which it treasures up for them against the time to come But notwithstanding all this conflict in their own choice yet at last their sin prevails and they obey it For they had rather hazard all its torments than miss of its delights they are unwilling to venture upon those dangers which it brings but yet they had rather venture on them than go without it They sin unwillingly just as a labourer works or as a soldier fights unwillingly that is they do not will it for it self they would not do it unless they were hired to it For considering all things they will to act and not to omit it their will is against it indeed at the first sight but upon better consideration it resolves upon it and all things laid together they choose to commit the sin rather than to forbear it But now this is such a State as will never bring any man to Heaven For whether he transgress willingly or with reluctancy is not the question but if he choose at last to disobey when God comes to judgment he shall be sure to pronounce upon him that death which he has established for the punishment of disobedience Because for all he fears and mistrusts grumbles and repines yet he serves and obeys his lusts all the while notwithstanding He works at their will and doth what they command him He serves not with a full heart or a fearless mind but yet he is their servant still 'T is true indeed it is some mitigation of his sin that he doth it with regret and the transgression is something the less for being acted not without reluctance and aversion It shews that his sense of duty is not quite lost his Conscience wholly fear'd or his fear of God utterly extinguished It is some extenuation that he startles at the offence for it argues that his soul is not wholly depraved or his heart harden'd in disobedience But although his sins be not of the highest rate yet he is a lost sinner still For so long as his lusts prevail and he chooses at last to act and commit them he serves and obeys them It is his works and actions that must determine his service and obedience so that if he commit sin he is the servant of sin Willing or unwilling may extenuate or heighten his disobedience but not utterly destroy or alter the nature of it For indeed something of struggling and regret is to be found in the obedience and disobedience of the greatest part of the world There being few so good as to obey without all reluctance and few so wicked as to sin without all remorse For as long as we are in this life we are a mixt and compound substance of Soul and Body Flesh and Spirit Our carnal appetite draws us on to forbidden things to transgress those restraints which Gods Law has set to it and to sin And our Conscience being enlightned with the knowledge of Gods Laws and
at the beginning and for some time yet after he had laboured long under his affliction he breaks out at last in the discomposure of his soul into these repining thoughts and distrustful expostulations Will the Lord cast off for ever and will he be favourable no more Is his mercy clean gone for ever and doth his promise fail for evermore Hath God forgotten to be gracious and hath he in anger shut up his tender mercies Psal. 77.7 8 9. But when once he had got liberty to recollect his thoughts and to recover again his former guard he doth not any longer give way to these distrustful surmises but immediately suppresses and corrects them Then I said as he goes on this is mine own infirmity v. 10 3. A third innocent Cause of inconsideration in our Actions is the discomposure and disturbance of our thinking powers which should consider of them Our souls as I said are united to our bodies and make use of their powers in their most spiritual actions of Knowledge and Apprehension And therefore upon any ruffling discomposure in our bodily spirits our thoughts are ruffled and discomposed likewise They see nothing clearly at such times nor have any distinct notices of things but are blunder'd and confused even as our bodily powers themselves are Now that which thus discomposes our bodily spirits so as that our souls can see and consider of nothing through their disorder is either strong Drink or a strong Passion For so much is all exercise of reason and consideration disturbed and hindred by these that of men in drink or in a high passion it is usually said that they are not themselves and that they have not their wits about them But although either Wine or any violent passion are sufficient causes of disturbance in our spirits and of discomposure in our thinking powers which unfit us to consider of what we do during such time as we are disturbed by them yet are not both of them innocent and able to excuse those inconsiderate slips which we commit by reason of them For drunkenness is always our own fault and if we sin unadvisedly through its discomposure we shall certainly suffer punishment because that is a discomposure of our own seeking As for our passions indeed they are causes of ambiguous quality For sometimes they grow strong in us by our own fault Either we feed them or we indulge them we suggest such things to them as will foment them or we permit them to grow unruly of themselves without checking and repressing of them as we might and should were we so minded And when our passions are thus indulged and the violence of them is of our own chusing they are themselves our sin and so cannot plead our excuse and vindication But then at other times they are forced upon us by the power and suddenness of outward objects whether we will or no. For we hate them and are afraid of them and if we were aware we would stand upon our guard and call in against them all the Aids of Reason and Religion to preserve us from being too much disturbed by them But God's Providence casts them upon us on the sudden so that we do not see them before they come nor can consider aforehand to prevent and avoid them And when once they are come by their very natural force in disturbing of our Spirits they take away from us all power of consideration So that they are unconsidered in themselves and unconsidered in their effects and therefore they are involuntary all the way And when our passions are made violent this way viz. by being raised in us not by any thing of our own search or indulgence but by the timing of God's Providence and by the suddenness and greatness of outward objects they are pardonable in themselves and will excuse our inconsiderate transgressions Those slips which we incur under them are prepared for pardon because we did not seek nor could avoid them Thus then our innocent Discomposures which unfit us for consideration are those only which are caused in us by strong passions not of our own indulging The passion which begets them must enter against our wills through the greatness and suddenness of outward objects it must be forced upon us suddenly and by surprize and then we cannot refuse it or the discomposure which ensues upon it because we have no time beforehand wherein to consider how to prevent it Now it is not every passion which the power of outward objects can force upon us on such a sudden For love desire and all those passions which have good for their object are more under our own Command and spring up in us more gradually They arrive not to such a discomposing pitch in a moment but they require more time and go on more leisurely and in all the intermedial steps they are subject to our own power so that we may arrest them if we please before they have got so far And therefore all the inconsideration which they effect in us is more or less wilful and a matter of our own choice because it proceeds from our own permission and indulgence But then as for other passions of grief anger and fear especially which have evil for their object if the opportunity be sudden and the object great enough they may be raised in us to such a degree as to amaze and confound us in a moment A man may be in such a fright upon the sudden as not to know what he doth as we see by daily experience and the case is the same in the others likewise And the reason of this difference between these passions and the former is this because the suffering of evil is far more repugnant to self-preservation and self-love which are the fundamental principle of all our passions than the absence of good For if we sit without that good which would move our love and desire we are still where we were but if we fall under that evil which excites our fear we are made miserable and much the worse that is only a denial of a farther delight but this is a real deprivation and a step towards destruction And since our self-love and self-preservation are so much more nearly concerned in the suffering of evil than in the absence of good our passions which are only their several aspects and expressions must needs be more quick and violent in that than they are in this and the discomposure upon them will be so likewise This difference there is betwixt our inconsiderateness upon the violent fears of evil and upon our violent desires and pursuit of good Which is observed by our Saviour in an instance where both were criminal in which notwithstanding the discomposure upon the fears of evil being fit to plead the more excuse made the transgression that ensued upon it to be a lesser sin For both the Jews and Pilate concurred in the grievous sin of shedding innocent blood when they crucified and murthered him
and pains in fixing of our thoughts and raising of our desires through some bodily indisposition or unforeseen accidents which we cannot help our minds run sometimes still astray and our desires are cold and languid this unwill'd dulness and distraction shall not influence our main state it is a thing which we cannot help and no man living is perfectly free from it and therefore God will not be severe upon it but in great mercy he will pity and connive at it For as for the attention of our minds and the fixedness of our thoughts either in prayer or in any other business it is a thing which is not always in our own power but may be hindred and interrupted by many accidents whether we will or no. For any thing that makes our bodily spirits tumultuary and restless renders our attention small and interrupted Any high motion of our blood any former impression upon our spirits either by our precedent studies or our crowd of business will make great variety of thoughts and roving fancies obtrude themselves upon us and this is our natural frame and constitution which we must submit to and cannot remedy We can no more prevent it than we can prevent our dreams but our fancies will be struck and diverting thoughts will be thrown into us whether we will or no. For from the natural union of our souls and bodies our minds in their most spiritual operations of thinking and understanding go along with our bodily spirits and apprehend after their impressions and we can as well refuse to see when our eyes are open or to taste what is put into our mouths as we can refuse to have a thought of those things which are impressed upon our bodily fancy or imagination The connexion betwixt these is necessary and natural and there is no breaking or avoiding it So that let us be either at our prayers or at any other exercise if any temper of our bodies any accidental motion of our blood any former impressions of foregoing studies or other business stir in our fancies our thoughts must needs be diverted and our attention disturbed by them Nay in our prayers we are more apt to find it thus than in any other thing For there men oft-times use violence and screw up the fixedness of their minds and the fervency of their hearts to the highest pitch and then their bodily spirits being overstrained are liable not only to be discomposed by outward accidents but also to give back and fall of themselves and when in this manner they withdraw there is room made till they can be again recollected for other thoughts to arise instead of them All this I say happens from the very nature and frame of our bodies and from that dependance which our minds and thoughts themselves have upon them so that we cannot prevent or overcome it wholly We may and ought indeed to strive against these distractions as much as we can and to compose our thoughts as much as our natural temper or our present circumstances will suffer us when they wander in our prayers as soon as we discern it we may recollect them and when other thoughts intrude as soon as they are observed we may reject them but then this is all that we can do or that God requires we should do for we cannot pray perfectly and continuedly without them And then as for the zeal and fervency of our affections whether in our prayers or in any thing else they are fickle and very changeable and do not depend so much upon the choice of our wills as upon the temper of our bodies Some upon every occasion are more warm and eager in their passions either of love or hatred hopes or fears joy or sorrow than other men either are or can be For there is a difference in tempers as well as in palates and mens passions do no more issue out upon the same things in the same eagerness than their stomachs do after the same food with the same degrees of appetite So that as for a great fervency and a vehement affection every man cannot work himself up to it because all tempers do not admit of it For zeal and affectionateness in Devotion as in other things is more a mans temper than his choice and therefore it is not to be expected that all people should be able to raise themselves up to a transporting pitch in it but only that they should who are born to it Nay even they whose natural temper fits them for a great fervency and a high affection are not able to work themselves up to it at all times For no mans temper is constant and unchangeable seeing our very bodies are subject to a thousand alterations either from things within or from others that are without us If a mans blood is put into an irregular ferment either by a cold air or an inward distemper or any discomposing accident it spoils not only the fixedness of his thoughts but the zeal of his affections likewise Let there be any damp or disorder any dulness or indisposition either upon a mans blood or spirits and the discomposure of his body is presently felt in his soul for his thoughts flag and his passions run low and all his powers are under a cloud and suffer an abatement And this every man finds in himself when he labours under a sickly and crazy temper an aking head or any other bodily indisposition For our passions are bodily powers and are performed altogether by bodily instruments they live and dye with them and are subject to all their coolings and abatements their changes and alterations And therefore as long as our bodily tempers and dispositions alter and by reason of a number of accidents whether from without or from within themselves are still changeable and unconstant the zeal and fervency of our affections must needs be so too Thus is some distraction of mind and chilness of affection either in our prayers or in pursuit of any other thing most necessarily incident to all men We cannot wholly prevent them or live altogether free from them but sometimes they will break in and seize upon us do what we can And since we cannot help them God will not be always angry or eternally torment us for them No he knows that we are flesh and blood and his love and favour to us doth not alter as our unsetled thoughts or bodily tempers do He measures us not by the fixedness of our thoughts or by the fervency of our affections which are not always in our own power but by our wills and actions which are So that if we are careful to will and chuse what is pleasing to him and from our hearts entirely to obey him we need not doubt but that whatever involuntary distractions there may be sometimes in our thoughts or abatements in our bodily tempers whilst we are at our prayers we shall still be accepted by him We shall be accepted I say and the blessings
things relating to our last doom and shewâ—â—â—oth what in the Judgment shall be indispensably required to our salvation what Defects do not overthrow but consist with it what Remedies when 't is wounded or lost can heal and restore us to it and what and of how great consideration those things really are which being wrong understood do often create causless fears and jealousies in good peoples minds about it Having I say clearly accounted for all these I suppose I may think I have said enough to shew men their Future State and fairly take leave of this Argument BOOK I. Of the indispensable condition of happiness in the general CHAP. I. Of Obedience the general condition of happiness The CONTENTS Obedience the indispensable condition of happiness The Laws of the Gospel are given as a Rule to it The Promises are all upon condition of it and intended to encourage it All the threatnings are now denounced and will be executed upon the disobedient Of those other things whereto Pardon is promised as well as to obedience Of Metonymy's Of the Principles of Humane Actions Of Principles of Obedience All those speeches metonymical where obedience is not express'd and yet pardon is promised THat Condition which the Gospel indispensably requires of us and which is to mete out to us our last doom of Bliss or Misery is in the General our Obedience When we are brought to that Bar and stand to be judged according to those Laws which are proclaim'd to us in the Gospel it is only our having kept them and Repented of all such transgressions of them as we have wilfully been guilty of which can capacitate us to be rewarded by them For 't is just with them as it is with all other Laws they never promise any thing but to obedience but threaten and punish all that disobey Whosoever breaks and despises them is guilty they do not comfort but accuse not acquit but condemn him For there is no Law that is wisely ordered but is sufficiently guarded against affront and back'd with such punishments as will make it every mans interest to fulfil and keep it The evil threatned must always by far exceed the pleasure that is reaped by disobedience so that no man may have any temptation sufficient to bear him out in Sin or ever hope to be a gainer by his transgression This is the tenour of all wise laws whose enactors have both wit and power sufficient to defend them They have dreadful Punishments annexed to them which take place upon disobedience they encourage and reward the obedient but severely punish all that dare presume to disobey And this is most eminently seen in all the Laws of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. He gave them for the compleatest Rules to mens Lives and has annexed to them most glorious Promises to encourage our obedience but has made them breath out nothing but woes and intolerable punishments to all that disobey He has given them for Rules of Life and annexed Rewards as encouragements to obedience He never intended his Laws for an entertainment of our eyes but for a Rule for our Actions not for a matter of talk and discourse but of practice not to be complemented by words of honour and lofty expressions but to be own'd in our lives and served by obedience He is our King and issues out his Laws as the instruments of his Government he is our Lord and they are Rulers for his Service They must be guides of our Lives and Actions it is not enough to know and talk of them but as ever we hope to live by them we must do and keep them For in the end they will be available to no mans happiness but his who has conscientiously performed them In Christ Jesus or the Christian Religion says S t Paul nothing avails but keeping of the Commandments of God 1 Cor. 7.19 Blessed are they saith S t John who do the Commandments for they only have right to the Tree of Life Rev. 22.14 It is not an idle wish or ineffectual endeavour but a thorough practice and performance of Christs Laws which can continue us in his Love and approve us Righteous in his Judgment If ye keep my Commandments says he ye shall abide in my Love Joh. 15.10 Let no man deceive you for it is he only that doth Righteousness who in Gods account is Righteous 1 Joh. 3.7 They only are pronounced Righteous and Sons of God in the Gospels estimation who walk after the spirit Rom. 8.4 who are led by the spirit vers 14. who bring forth the Fruits of the Spirit all words expressing Action and Practice Gal. 5 16-22 No man therefore will be acquitted and rewarded at that Bar barely for knowing and discoursing for wishing or desiring but only for working and obeying Such only the Gospel reckons for true servants now his servants ye are not whom you confess in words but whom in actions you obey Rom. 6.16 And such only he will honour and reward then For it is not every one who fawns upon me in his words whilest he reproaches me in his actions who says unto me Lord Lord that shall enter into the Kingdom of Heaven but he only who doth the will of my Father which is in Heaven Which will he had just then proclaim'd to them in that Volume of Christian Laws which was published in the Sermon upon the Mount whereof this is in part the conclusion Matt. 7.21 He tells us that when the Son of Man shall come to judgment he will reward every man according to his works Matt. 16.27 and he repeats it again in his declaration to S t John Behold I come quickly and my reward is with me to give every man according as his work shall be Rev. 22.12 And so it was in that Prophetick sight of the Last Judgment which this same Apostle had vouchsafed him Rev. 20. For there as we are told when the Sea gave up the Dead which were in it and Death and Hell delivered up the Dead which were in them and they all both small and great stood before the Throne and him that sate thereon they were judged every man according to his WORKS vers 11 12 13. His Laws then Christ has given us not for talk and discourse but for action and practice and his Promises he has annexed to them not as rewards of idleness but only of active service and obedience Wherein if men fail Gods Rewards belong not to them they can make no claim or colourable pretence to them because they cannot show that which is to be rewarded by him Nay further if men disobey they are not only excluded from all glorious hopes but are moreover put into a desperate state of fears and dreadful expectations For God has back'd his Laws with threatnings as well as promises and as they propose most noble rewards to all that are obedient so likewise do they breath out most intolerable punishments to all that disobey
than as it effects obedience nor can we any otherwise confide in it Hereby alone says S t John we know that we know him in that sence of knowledge whereto God has promised life and pardon if we keep his Commandments But he that saith I know him and for all that keepeth not his Commandments he is a lyar and the truth is not in him 1 Joh. 2.3 4. And then as for Faith no man is interpreted to have that Faith which is made the condition of our pardon and acceptance but he who is acted by it and in his works is obedient to it The Faith says S t Paul which in Christ Jesus or the Christian Religion availeth any thing to that Righteousness which all Christians hope for is that only which worketh by Love Gal. 5.5 6. It begins the change within by purifying of our hearts and desires Acts 15.9 and thence goes on to perfect it in our outward works and actions And unless it proceed to this it will never be able to bear us out and to justifie us at Gods Bar for there as S t James tells us by our works we must all be justifyed and not by a Faith only which works nothing Jam. 2.24 Such alas will be wholly useless and of no consideration in that Court it will not any way profit and then certainly it cannot save us For what doth it profit my Brethren though a man be able to say either here or hereafter he hath Faith and hath not works will that be allow'd a sufficient plea in Gods Judgment shall that Faith save him no surely it never will Jam. 2.14 This unworking Faith is not that effectual Faith which the Gospel encourages but its worthless shell and liveless carkass For wilt thou know O vain man that faith without works is dead Even as the body without the spirit is dead so faith without works is dead also vers 20 26. It is Faith only in an imperfect degree and a weak unprofitable measure for it is not arrived to a perfect pitch to that compleat state whereto the Gospel doth at present promise Life and Christ will at the last Day award it till it shows it self in action and our lives express the power of it Our Father Abraham says S t James was justified by works produced by Faith when in an unstagger'd belief that God would make good his promise of a numerous issue by his Son Isaac though it were by raising him up again from the dead he would obey his command which seemed quite to overthrow it and offered up his Son upon the Altar Seest thou how his Faith in Gods Power and Promise wrought prevalently over all opposition to the production of that his strange work and by this justifying work upon it was his Faith made perfect vers 21 22. So that when all is done we see that there is no Life or Pardon promised to any Faith or knowledge which are separate from Obedience but to such only as cooperate to them and imply them There is no belief wherewith our Judge at the last day will be satisfyed or wherein we are safe which either he will accept or we may trust to if our dutiful works are wanting So that this is and ever will be as S t Paul says a faithful saying and such as every good Christian man ought constantly to receive or affirm that they who have Faith or have believed in God be careful to maintain obedience and good works because it is they which at the last day must do all men good are good and profitable unto men Tit. 3.8 Secondly This condition of our acceptance whereto the Gospel promises a happy sentence of Life and Pardon in the last judgment is sometimes called Being in Christ. There is no condemnation says S t Paul to them who are in Christ Jesus Rom. 8.1 The word Christ we must know many times in Scripture signifies the Religion of Christ. Thus the Law is said to be a Schoolmaster to bring us to Christ i. e. the imperfect rule of the Mosaick Religion was fitted for the minority of the world and intended to train men up as Children are by School Discipline for the more perfect and manly institution of the Christian Gal. 3.24 And thus we read of Preaching Christ that is the Christian Religion Phil. 1.15 And S t Paul tells the Ephesians of their learning Christ and hearing him i. e. his Gospel and Doctrine Ye have not so learned Christ if so be ye have heard him and been taught by him or in him Eph. 4.20 21. Heard him and been taught by him i. e. not by his person for he never went beyond Judea being sent as he said to none but the lost sheep of the house of Israel Mat. 15.24 and therefore never travelled so far as Ephesus but by and in his Doctrine or Religion And this is a most usual form of speech to call any institution or profession by the name of its first Author The Doctrine and Religion which was delivered to the Jews by Moses is called by his Name For S t Paul speaks of Moses being read i. e. the Law of Moses 2 Cor. 3.15 and of the Israelites being baptized into Moses i. e. the Mosaick Religion 1 Cor. 10.2 And our Lord himself tells the Jews in the Parable of the Rich Man that they have Moses and the Prophets and bids them hear them Luk. 6.29 where he cannot mean their persons in regard they were dead long before and got without the reach of their hearing but their Writings and Religion And as Christ many times signifies the Christian Religion so is being in Christ the very same with being of his Religion or being a Christian. Thus S t Paul tells us of Andronicus and Junia who embraced the Christian Doctrine whilst he persecuted and opposed it that they were in Christ i. e. in Christs Religion before him Rom. 16.7 They who dyed in the profession of the Christian Faith are said to be fallen asleep in Christ 1 Cor. 15.18 The veil of Moses is done away in Christ 2 Cor. 3.14 The veil of Moses i. e. the types and obscure shadows of the Mosaical Religion are done away in Christ i. e. by the plain clearness of the Christian. Thus I knew a man in Christ is no more than I knew a Christian man 2 Cor. 12.2 and the Churches of Judea in Christ are the very same as the Christian Churches among the Jews Gal. 1.22 So when we read that in Christ Jesus neither Circumcision availeth any thing nor Vncircumcision but a new Creature Gal. 6.15 the meaning is only this that what price soever the Religion of Moses put upon this outward Rite of Circumsion and those other Jewish observances whereof it was the federal undertaking yet the Religion of Christ doth not regard them at all but that all which can avail us in it is only a new Creature And to the same sence S t Peter speaks
Of Pardon promised to Repentance Regeneration a New Nature a New Creature The Nature of Repentance it includes amendment and Obedience The Nature of Regeneration and a New Creature It s fitness to produce Obedience Some mens Repentance ineffectual The folly of it Pardon promised to Repentance and Regeneration no further than they effect Obedience In the case of dying Penitents a change of mind accepted without a change of practice That only where God sees a change of Practice would ensue upon it This would seldom happen upon death-bed resolutions and Repentance The general ineffectiveness of this shown by experience Two reasons of it 1. Because it proceeds ordinarily upon an inconstant temporary principle viz. nearness of Death and present fears of it Though it always begins there yet sometimes it grows up upon a principle that is more lasting viz. a conviction of the absolute necessity of Heaven and a Holy Life 2. Because it is ordinarily in a weak and incompetent degree All TRVE resolution is not able to reform Men. Sick-bed resolutions generally unable Such ineffective resolutions unavailing to mens Pardon THirdly That condition which the Gospel exacts of us as the terms whereupon we must hope to find Life and Pardon at the last day is oft-times called Repentance Regeneration a New Creature or a New Nature Christs fore-runner John the Baptist came preaching Repentance for the remission of sins Luk. 3.3 And when Christ himself commissions his Apostles to publish his Gospel over all the world their instructions are to preach Repentance and remission of Sins in his Name to all Nations beginning at Jerusalem Luk. 24.47 And according to this order they practised Repent says S t Peter in his first Sermon and be baptized for the remission of sins Acts 2.38 And again Repent that your sins may be blotted out Acts 3.19 And then as for Regeneration a New Creature and a New Nature they are such qualifications as fit us for Eternal Life and without which we shall never be admitted to it It is says our Saviour to Nicodemus a mans being born again that must capacitate him to enter into the Kingdom of God Joh. 3.3 In Christ Jesus or the Christian Religion saith S t Paul neither Circumcision availeth any thing nor Vncircumcision but a NEW CREATVRE Gal. 6.15 The condition required of all men to Life and Pardon as the truth is in Jesus is this that they put off the OLD MAN and be RENEWED in the spirit of their mind and that they put on the NEW MAN which after the similitude of God is Created in righteousness and true holiness Eph. 4.21 22 23 24. Repentance in the constant and plain notion of the Scriptures is such a vertuous alteration of the mind and purpose as begets a like vertuous change in the life and practice It begins in our thoughts and resolutions and is made perfect in our works and actions It first casts all false principles and foolish judgments of the desireableness of sin and the dreadfulness of vertue all opinions that hinder a good life and encourage wickedness all inveagling thoughts and bewitching imaginations all firm purposes and studied contrivances of evil out of our minds and thereby purges all wickedness and disobedience out of our lives and actions It implies a change of mind as is well noted by the Greek name for Repentance which is very expressive of its nature For it signifies an alteration of the mind a transformation of our thoughts and counsels and is the same that S t Paul calls a being renewed in the spirit of our mind Eph. 4.23 And this God expressly calls for when he summons the wicked to repentance Isa. 55. Let the wicked man forsake his thoughts and turn them from his sin unto the Lord and then he will have mercy upon him vers 7. It includes also an alteration of the life and practice a forbearing to repeat the sin which we repent of And this is a natural effect of the former in as much as our works and actions will still go along with our studies and contrivances our purposes and resolutions Now this part of repentance from sin viz. a leaving or forsaking of it is its prime ingredient and the chief thing which the Scriptures express by it it is the main end whereto the former serves only as the principle and instrument Godly sorrow or the grief and trouble of our minds for having offended God working as S t Paul says that Repentance which will never fail us nor ever need to be repented of 2 Cor. 7.10 And that Repentance includes this alteration of our lives as well as that other of our minds the Scriptures plainly express to us when they stile it a Repentance FROM dead works Heb. 6.1 a TVRNING away from all transgressions and doing that which is lawful and right Ezek. 18.27 30. A CONVERSION FROM darkness unto light Acts 26.18 a putting AWAY the evil of our DOINGS by ceasing to DO evil and learning to DO well Isa. 1.16 17. These two changes a change of mind and a change of practice make up the essence and integrate the nature of a saving Repentance It implies first a change in our minds and tempers and upon that a correspondent change in our lives and actions Now as for the former of these this change of our minds and tempers in new thoughts new counsels new desires and resolutions this vertuous alteration both in our wills and understandings which are those two powers that make up our rational nature is that which the Scriptures call our new nature the begetting of which in us is called our regeneration or our being born again For the tempers and inclinations of our souls are usually in our common discourse called our nature A man of a loving condescensive disposition is called a man of a good nature and one of a sowr revengeful temper is called a man of an ill nature And the change from one to the other is called a change of Nature a making of him a new Creature and a new man And thus we are daily wont to say of any person who from wicked and sinful inclinations is changed to a disposition which is vertuous and holy that he is become a new man And as this is our language so is it the Scriptures too For our putting on the tempers and habitual inclinations of righteousness and true holiness is called our putting on the new man Eph. 4.24 The alteration from an unbelieving and uncharitable to a believing loving temper to a Faith that worketh by love S t Paul calls a New Creature Gal. 5.6 compared with Chap. 6. vers 15. And as for the renovation it self it is called a regeneration or new birth the Author of it a Father and the persons so renewed his Sons or Children All which are expressed to us by S t John when he tells us of all those which have received such vertuous and holy dispositions from God as make them resemble him
sensible for God and his Laws as it uses to be for the things of the world neither can we reasonably expect it should For our affections are bodily powers and it is their very nature as Philosophy instructs us to be a vehement sensation upon some certain commotions of our bodily spirits so that God and his Laws which are things immaterial and insensible are no proper and proportionate object for them For it is only matter that is able of it self to affect matter and material and sensible objects which can excite our material and sensitive passions and appetites One bodily faculty is no more fit in its own nature to be moved by a spiritual object than another and we may as well expect that our eye should see or our fingers handle it as that our affections should of themselves issue out upon it either to love or desire or delight in it So that considering things barely in themselves I say and the natural agreeableness that is betwixt them which is the ground of their natural operations it is only bodily pain or pleasure that is of it self fit to move our bodily passions But as for spiritual and insensible objects such as God and Virtue are whatever fitness to work upon our affections they may have upon other accounts yet in themselves they have none Virtue and Obedience which are spiritual things may gain upon our wills and understandings which are spiritual and rational faculties but upon our bodily appetites and affections for their own sakes barely they never can But that which makes our affections to issue out upon God and Virtue is not the spiritual nature of God and Virtue themselves but those sensible and bodily things which flow from them and are annexed to them For although God be immaterial in himself yet infinite are those material and bodily delights which we receive from him And although Virtue and Obedience are in their own natures spiritual and insensible yet exceeding great and exceeding many are the sensible goods and pleasures that are annexed to them For Heaven and eternal life which are promised to our obedience will give a full delight not only to our souls and spirits but even to all our senses likewise It will endlesly entertain our eyes with most splendid sights and glorious objects it will feast our ears with melodious songs and most ravishing halelujahs and refresh our whole bodies with a most exalted and everlasting ease and pleasure As on the other side hell and eternal misery which are the established punishment of all sin and disobedience will bring not only upon our spirits but upon our bodies too as full a scene of most exquisite pain and sorrow For so violent and intolerable will the torments of our bodies there be that God could find nothing too high to set them out by but has expressed them by one of the most raging and tormenting things in nature eternal fire Now as for Heaven and Hell they indeed are such things as can of themselves stir our affections and bodily passions with a witness When they are set before us they are able to make us love God and our Duty above all things else and to hate nothing so much as Sin and Disobedience For no Sin can promise us so much bodily delight as is to be injoyed in Heaven neither can Obedience in any possible instance expose us to so great bodily pains as the damn'd for ever undergo in Hell So that when once Heaven and Hell are proposed to our affections and act upon them they will prevail with them more than any thing else can and make nothing so dear to them as the performance of their duty nor any thing so hatefull as the transgression of it And thus may God and Virtue become a fit object even of our bodily passions and a most cogent matter of love desire and joy as on the contrary sin and wickedness are of sorrow slight and hatred They are most powerfull to excite all these affections although not in their bare spiritual selves yet in their bodily dependants and annexed consequences For the greatest bodily joys shall one day crown our Obedience and the acutest bodily torments will certainly befall us if we disobey And these although as yet they are at a distance and future to us are most fit to work upon us and most strongly to affect us For we are Creatures endowed with understanding and have Reason given to us to set future things before us and to think our selves into passions and affections and not to be idle and altogether passive like the brute and unreasonable Creatures and suffer the bare force of outward and present objects to excite them in us So that with our bodily affections we may love and delight in God and Religion which are spiritual things because of their bodily joys and attendancies and sensibly hate and grieve at our sins and disobedience which are moral and immaterial evils because of their sensible pains and punishment And we may love the one and hate the other above all things else because no bodily joys are in any the least comparison so great as those which are laid up for the good in heaven nor any bodily pains so tormenting as those which are prepared for the damn'd in hell And since God has given to our bodily affections even in their own way the greatest motives to love him above all and above all things to hate sin it is the highest Reason that he should require it of us and demand the preeminent service not only of our spirits but also of our lower soul or affections also But although our bodily affections when they are employed about Vice and Virtue which are spiritual things by reason of this supereminence of sensitive rewards in the one and punishments in the other be more strong and powerfull yet are they not as I said so warm and sensible as they use to be when they issue out upon sensible and bodily objects We feel one in our own souls and are affected in them much more violently than we are in the other And that it must needs be so is plain For our affections for worldly things are raised in us by the things themselves and by those impressions which they make upon us and they act to the highest and according to the utmost of their power But our affections for spiritual things are to be raised in us by our own Reason we are to argue and think our selves up to them and our thoughts are free and go no further than we please to suffer them And indeed we find so much difficulty in fixing them upon any thing and there are so many other things obtruding daily upon them to divert and call them off from these that we seldom stay so long upon them or are so well acquainted with them as to be wrought up into a very warm and inflamed affection for them Besides what is the chief Reason of all that Good and Evil
allured by his Promises and affrighted with his threatnings would perswade us to keep within his bounds and to act obedience Now these two contrary and gainsaying Principles distract our choice and divide our wills so that when we close with one of them it is not without the grudging and reluctance of the other We would and we would not one inclines us for a thing and the other against it The flesh says S t Paul lusteth against the spirit and the spirit against the flesh and these are contrary one to the other so that you cannot fulfill both their desires and do each of the things that you would Gal. 5.17 If we obey it is through the repining of our appetites and if we transgress it is with the remorse and lashings of our Consciences On both sides there is something that is evil whereof we are afraid and which we would not our will is imperfect and with reluctance and we will and choose in some measure unwillingly whether it be to work obedience or sin As for the Saints in Heaven indeed after the Resurrection 't is true that they shall have no gainsaying appetites For their flesh will be in perfect subjection to the spirit their will shall have nothing to seduce it but shall stand alwayes firm and entire for God so that they shall obey without any thing of reluctance or regret And as for some of the profligate and prophane sinners here on earth they have now already so quite benum'd their Consciences that they neither allure nor threaten admonish nor accuse them And they sin without all contention they transgress and do not dispute their lusts hurry them without any opposition so that they disobey most willingly and free from all remorse But as for all the good and the generality of the wicked here on earth they are of a middle rate They both of them act through strife and conquest their consent is courted on both sides and when they comply with one they must refuse the other Both Flesh and Spirit struggle in them although at last but one prevails For in the Regenerate good man the flesh stirs but it cannot conquer they have bodies and bodily appetites but they subdue them and as S t Paul says keep them under 1 Cor. 9.27 So that all the while the Spirit rules in them when the flesh doth but in vain solicite this may tempt but it cannot govern for the spirit gives them Laws its pleasure they perform and what it commands that in their actions they obey But in the wicked and disobedient the case is quite opposite For in them although their Conscience smite them yet can it not prevail with them it suggests but they will not hearken it shews the way but they will not follow it in all things their Lusts are the governours of their lives and actions so that although the lashes of their consciences may sharpen and embitter yet are they not able to disappoint the service of their sin In all the obedience therefore and in the greatest part of the transgressions here on Earth there is still something of strugling and reluctance Men act not by a will that is void of all restraint or by a desire and choice that is free from all unwillingness but there is a mixture of love and hatred an unwilling will that carries them on either to act obedience or to disobey But notwithstanding their ineffective wishes and imperfect wouldings to the contrary it is their peremptory will and last choice which shall determine their condition For if they will and chuse to do what God commands in spight of all the gainsaying wishes raised by their fleshly Appetites they shall be pardoned and acquitted When the good man overcomes the temptation and prevails over his unwillingness and triumphing over it goes on to practise and obey he shall receive the reward of his obedience But if they will and chuse to do what God forbids in spight of all the contrary Admonitions and Threatnings of their Consciences they shall dye in their disobedience The Sinner who is carried on to do what he disallows to work what he fears and to commit what at first sight his will is averse to he shall undergo the smart and punishment of his transgression And the reason is plain for he serves his sin and fulfils his lust and his thraldome to it is so absolute that no aids of the Spirit nor any suggestions of his Conscience can deliver him from it He that committeth sin saith our Saviour is the servant of sin John 8.34 So long as it conquers it doth indeed inslave him For of whom a man is overcome of the same says S t Peter he is brought in bondage 2 Pet. 2.19 If we yield our selves up to serve it we do indeed obey it and must expect that death which is denounced upon such obedience Know you not saith another Apostle that to whom you yield your selves servants to obey his servants you are to whom you obey whether of sin unto death or of obedience unto righteousness Rom. 6.16 If we are at the beck of our Lusts and go where they send and do what they command us and acknowledge their pleasure in all things to be a Law to us we are perfect Slaves to them and liable to all that misery which is denounced upon them We serve and obey them and that shall surely bring us to suffer for them For it is the fulfilling of our lusts the doing or walking after them and the obeying of our sin which Christs Gospel threatens so severely whatever mind we do it with If you live after the Flesh saith the Apostle you shall dye and it is only if you through the Spirit do mortifie the deeds of the Body that you shall live Rom. 8.13 When Christ comes to Judgment the enquiry will not be Whether we sinned with a full delight or with fear and reluctance but whether in very deed without repenting of it afterwards we sinned wilfully or transgressed at all For we have what shall be his Sentence at that Day from his own mouth already Depart from me ye that work iniquity Matth. 7.23 So that it will be no sufficient Plea for any man at the last Day who has disobeyed in deed and wrought wickedness to say That he did it with backwardness and remorse For that which God indispensably requires is that hâ— should not do it at all and he will only deceive himself if he ever expect to be accepted otherwise For as the hopes of salvation upon mere orthodox opinions or ineffective desires of obedience or sinning through a strong temptation are utterly delusive and sure to fail them that trust to them so is this fourth ground likewise viz. our hopes of being accepted notwithstanding our sins because we transgressed with reluctance and unwillingness CHAP. IV. A further pursuit of this last ground of shifting off the Obedience of our actions in an Exposition of the seventh Chapter to the
or have all the force of a law in his members vers 23. That he sins against his own conscience For what he doth that he allows not but what in his own mind he hates and disapproves that he doth vers 15.19 That to do good although he might wish or approve it he found not v. 18. That he stands in need to cry out O wretched man that I am who will deliver me from this body of death being as yet not rescued from it but labouring under it vers 25. Of the regenerate elsewhere That as for their members they yield them not to be instruments unto sin but unto righteousness because now since their regeneration into true Christians Sin is not to reign in their mortal bodies that they should obey it in the lusts thereof Rom. 6.12 13. In becoming Christians they are dead and crucified with Christ that the body of sin might not be maintained to live and rule in them but destroyed that thenceforward they should not serve sin For he that is dead is freed from sin vers 6 7. The Gospel of Christ or the law of the spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath not enslaved but freed them from the law of sin and death Rom. 8.2 So that sin now shall not have dominion over them because they are not under the law through the weakness whereof it tyrannized but under Grace Rom. 6.14 That their body is dead because of sin Rom. 8.10 And that they make no provision for the flesh to fulfill and accomplish the lusts or concupiscence thereof Rom. 13.14 Because if they should they would cease to be sons of God and heirs of happiness and be rendred obnoxious to misery and death For the plain declaration of Christs Gospel concerning the heirs of life and death is this If you live after the flesh in accomplishing its lusts you shall die and 't is only if you through the spirit instead of acting and compleating do kill and mortifie the deeds of the body that you shall live Rom. 8.13 That against them there is no condemning force of any law Galat. 5.23 For the law of the spirit of life hath not left them still enslaved but made them free from the law of sin and death too Rom. 8.2 And being become the servants of God they have their fruit not to sin and death but to holiness at present and the end thereof at length everlasting life Rom. 6.22 That their bodies or fleshly members are temples of the Holy Ghost and sacred places wherein it inhabits and that they glorifie God in their bodies as well as in their spirits seeing both are Gods 1 Cor. 6.19 20. That they hold faith and a good conscience without which of faith in dangerous times they would soon make shipwrack 1 Tim. 1.19 And that they are saved by the answer of a good conscience which comforts and applauds but cannot accuse them 1 Pet. 3.21 That he only who doth good is of God 3 Joh. 11. and that there is no condemnation to them who do and walk after the spirit Rom. 8.1 And that without these new fruits it is in vain to lay any claim to a new nature because as our Saviour sayes if men were the children of Abraham they would do the works of Abraham Joh. 8.39 That the body of sin is already destroyed in them that henceforth they should not serve sin which the other complains so much of Rom. 6.6 For they are delivered from the law upon occasion of the weakness whereof sin brought forth in them fruits unto death to serve now in newness of Spirit Rom. 7.5 So that what the weak ineffective law could not do for them that the Grace of God through Jesus Christ our Lord hath done in an effectual deliverance of them v. 25. So that if we will take the word of S t Paul and of the rest of the Apostles in this matter we must needs believe that regenerate men and heirs of heaven are not in any wise such persons as are described in that seventh Chapter to the Romans there being no agreement or resemblance at all between them Their tempers and behaviour are utterly inconsistent and as far distant as Heaven and Hell For one serves and fulfills the lusts of his flesh the other crucifies and subdues them one yields his members servants unto sin the other unto righteousness one is made a perfect captive and sold under sin the other is made free from it one is forced to act against his conscience the other alwayes acts according to it one complains of being oppressed by the body of death the other rejoyceth in being deliver'd from it one can perform and do no good the other doth all good one brings forth fruit unto death the other to eternal life These with others that might be mention'd are the lines of difference and the contrary characters of the person represented in the seventh Chapter to the Romans and the regenerate man described by S t Paul himself in all his other Epistles and in the following and foregoing Chapters of this By all which it appears that they are descriptions contradictory and incompatible which cannot at the same time be affirmed of the same man And that to give such an account of a regenerate man as is there set down would not in all appearance be the way to describe but rather slanderously to libel and revile him If any therefore enquire now how I know that S t Paul doth not speak of himself in that Chapter nor of any other regenerate person but of an unregenerate man who is yet in the state of death and sin he has his Answer full and undeniable already I know he doth not mean so because he cannot mean so the things which he sayes not bearing to be so understood For that meaning would make his speech to be no Apostolical Truth but an open falsehood it would make S t Paul inconsistent with himself and to unsay at one time what he had said most peremptorily at another It would make him flatly to gainsay all that he has taught elsewhere yea even what he had affirm'd almost in the same breath in the foregoing and the following Chapters So that he cannot be understood of himself or of any other regenerate person but must be allow'd according to his usual custome in such odious topicks as this was to speak all in a borrowed disguise and in the person of a sinfull and a lost man For indeed to be yet more particular all that discourse in that seventh Chapter is not meant either of S t Paul or of any other regenerate Christian but of a struggling and contending although yet unconquering and unregenerate Jew For the Apostle is there describing the state not of a perfect debauch nor of a perfect Saint but of a middle man He is one whose Conscience is awaken'd for he delights in the Law of God after the inner man of his mind and reason vers 22. and when he
my mind which strives against it and prevails over it and makes me practise contrary to what my mind approves So that when being enclined by Gods Law I would do good then being over-ruled by the law of sin I cannot but evil is laid before me and present with me Gods Law I say I serve with the mind For I delight in the Law of God after the inner man of my mind and conscience But all this while I only approve of it but no more For all the effect which it has upon me is only to create a liking of it in my mind But as for my practice and Outward performance it is under anothers power For I see another opposite Law viz. that of Lust and Sin which is seated in my bodily members not only warring against the Law of God in my mind but conquering also and prevailing over it bringing me into captivity that absolute sort of subjection and slavery to practise the Law of Sin which is seated in my members And since I am so far enslaved to the Law of Lust and Sin when the Law of God undertakes me that even that Law it self which God has appointed for my remedy is not able to rescue and deliver me I have too great reason to cry out O! wretched man that I am who shall deliver me since this Law given me by Moses is not able to do it from the slavery and misery of this body of death This indeed was our condition under the Law which shews at once the Laws holiness and goodness and withall its inability and weakness because notwithstanding it offer'd some Grace yet was not that enough but that during our subjection under it we commonly served sin still But now as for that slavish service of sin which a bare Jew who has no other help against it but Moses's Law complains of and longs to be delivered from that as I told you at first we Christians through the surpassing Grace of Christs Gospel are delivered from already So that to such a complaining Jew as I have here personated I Paul an Apostle of Jesus Christ can readily make answer Alter your subjection and you shall alter your service too for in becoming subject unto Christ instead of the Law you shall become servants of God instead of serving sin I thank God there is a way now in Christ for such deliverance or as it is read by some copies the Grace of God which comes through Jesus Christ our Lord shall deliver you although the Law could not which came by Moses But without this Grace I must still tell you that the Law it self will not generally have any such effect upon you seeing as I said it will only awaken your conscience but not reform your practice So then to shut up this discourse this you must still conclude upon that whilst you continue subject to the Law you will serve sin in your practice however you may disapprove it in your minds For I my self or the same I under the Law who with the mind as has been often observed serve in approving the Law of God do yet with the flesh so long as it has nothing else but the Law to restrain it serve in practising the Law of Sin But to return to what I said vers 5 6. of the last Chapter from whence we have hitherto diverted to answer this objection I say having by this passage from subjection to the Law to subjection unto Christ upon the Laws being abolished changed our service together with our subjection and become servants now not unto Sin but unto Christ All we Christians are safe from that Death which the Law of the members brought forth fruit to Chap. 7. vers 5. and have right to that Eternal Life which as I said is the gift of God to all his servants Chap. 6. vers 22 23. So that what reason soever a poor Jew under the Law who serves and obeys Sin may have to cry out of the body of Death yet we Christians who began to serve God upon our becoming subject unto Christ may comfort our selves to see that we are delivered from it And therefore whatever there be to a striving but yet unconquering Jew there is now no condemnation to them that are in Christ Jesus's Religion because they are such who have changed their service together with their subjection and walk not now after the Flesh as they did formerly whilst the Law held them in subjection but after the Spirit This change of service I say is wrought in all true Christians by the Law of Christ although it could not generally be wrought in the Jews by the bare Law of Moses For the Law and power of the Spirit of life which is given to us in Christ Jesus and is expresly promised in his Religion though it were not in the Law of Moses that enabling Spirit I say hath made me Christian free from the so often mentioned Law of sin and from the punishment of it Death For what the Law of Moses could not do towards our deliverance from the service of sin in that it was too weak through the overpowering wickedness of the Law of lust in the Flesh even that hath God done in sending his own Son Jesus Christ in the likeness of sinful Flesh and in making him a Sacrifice for sin that in his death he might found his own Religion whereby he hath condemned and destroyed what the Law of Moses was overcome by viz. the Law of sin seated in the Flesh. So that by the help of Christs Law perfecting what the Law of Moses wanted the righteousness which was shown to us and required of us in the Book of the Law of Moses might be performed and fulfilled in us Christians although it was not ordinarily in the bare Jews because we are such who being Christs Subjects must be his Servants likewise and in our works and practice walk not after the lusts of the Flesh but after the motions of the Spirit Thus have I given a Paraphrase upon this involved and so much mistaken Chapter Wherein I have largely and as I hope truly represented the Apostles meaning his design and manner of arguing in this place In all which we see he intends not at all to give a Character of himself or of any other regenerate man but only of a midling Sinner who sins against his Conscience and transgresses with reluctance Which Transgressor of a middle rank he particularly represents under the person of an awaked but as yet unregenerate Jew who was one on whom the Law of Moses had wrought some change but could not work enough being able only to awaken his Conscience but not to reform his practice So that all that is there said in that seventh Chapter of willing but not performing c. only sets off the weakness and imperfection of the Law of Moses as to the making men compleatly obedient
it vers 3 4. So that upon the whole matter it plainly appears that all that is said in that seventh Chapter of willing but not doing of sinning against conscience and transgressing with regret doth not at all set forth the savable state of a true Christian under the Gospel of Christ but only the state of a midling sinner of a lost Jew who only struggles but cannot conquer being yet under the weakness and imperfections of the Mosaick Law Nay I add further So far is any man who continues to work and act his sin from having any real grounds of hope and encouragement from this place in so doing that in very deed if he rightly consider it it will possess him with the quite contrary It holds out to him a sentence of death and shews him plainly the absolute necessity not only of a willing but also of a working obedience For the man who disobeys thus unwillingly and sins with regret is so far from being in a state of Life and Salvation notwithstanding his sins that he is here expresly said to be undone and slain by them The motions of sin under the law bring forth fruit unto death vers 5. when sin revived by the coming of the Commandment I died vers 9. The Commandment which was ordained unto life I on the contrary found to be unto death vers 10. Sin taking occasion and advantage by the Commandment slew me vers 11. Sin wrought death in me by that Law which is good vers 13. O! wretched man that I am by reason of this subjection unto sin who shall deliver me from this body of Sin and Death vers 24. But on the other side if we would belong to Christ and appear such Servants as he will own and reward at last we are taught in this very place that we must not be worsted by sin but overcome it that we must not work evil but righteousness that we must not walk after those sinfull lusts which are seated in the flesh but after the Law of God which is enthroned in the Spirit Sin shall not have dominion over you if you are under Grace Chapter 6.14 Now yield your members servants unto righteousness vers 19. you are become subject and as it were married to Christ that you should bring forth fruit to God Chap. 7. vers 4. Now being delivered from the Law we must serve not sin as we did under it but God in newness of spirit vers 6. The Grace of God through Jesus Christ hath delivered me from this body of death vers 24 25. The Law of the spirit of life in Christ Jesus when I became truly and acceptably Christian hath made me free from the law of Sin and Death Chap. 8. vers 2. So that the righteousness of the Law which it was not able to work in me is now by means of the Gospel wrought and fulfilled in me for since I came under it I am one who walk not after the flesh but after the spirit vers 4. So that all the while we see this is a Truth most sure and stedfast which S t Paul is so far from opposing in this seventh Chapter to the Romans that in reality he avers and confirms it viz. that if we do commit sin and work iniquity it will not excuse us to say that we did it unwillingly The regret in sinning may be allowed as was shewn in the last Chapter to lessen our crime and thereby to abate our punishment but that is all which it can do for it cannot quite exempt us from it And thus at last we see that this fourth ground of shifting off the necessity of this service with our actions viz. our hope of being saved at the last day although we have not obeyed in our works but have wrought disobedience because when we did so it was with reluctance and unwillingness is no less delusive than are all the former It will certainly fail any man who trusts to it and if he will not see it before make him know the falseness of it when it is too late to rectifie and amend it As for all those foundations therefore whereupon men build their hopes of a happy sentence without ever obeying with their strength or bodily powers viz. the conceit of being saved for Orthodox Opinions for ineffective desires for never transgressing but through a strong temptation or with an unwilling mind they are all false grounds snares of death and inlets to damnation But as ever we expect that our obedience should avail us unto Pardon and Life we must obey with our strength or bodily powers as well as with our wills our passions and our understandings If we would have God at the last day to approve our service and to reward and justifie our obedience this and nothing less than this must be done towards it We must not only desire but do it is not enough to will and approve but we must work and practise what is commanded us We must not barely think right in our minds or desire with our affections or choose with our wills but as the Perfection and Crown of all we must put to our strength and executive powers and work the will of God in our lives and actions Without this if we have life and opportunity all other things will signifie nothing For it is he who doth good saith S t John who will be looked upon to be of God 3 Joh. 11. Little children saith the same Apostle let no man deceive you for it is only he who doth righteousness who in Gods judgement is righteous 1 Joh. 3.7 It is this service of our strength or bodily powers in our outward works and operations which makes up our duty and secures our reward Blessed are they that do his Commandments for they only have right to the great reward the Tree of Life Revel 22.14 But on the other side if we do evil and work iniquity no service of our other faculties can stand us in any stead but in Gods account we shall be esteemed wicked wretches children of wrath and heirs of destruction For the words of our Saviour Christ himself who is to judge of it are vehement and plain Verily verily I say unto you whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin Joh. 8.34 He who commits sin is of the devil for whosoever doth not righteousness is not of God but a child of the devil 1 Joh. 3.8 10. And as this working wickedness howsoever we are against it in our thoughts and desires makes us in Gods account sons of sin and disobedience so will it be sure to render us withall children of wrath and destruction If you live after the flesh saith S t Paul you shall die Rom. 8.13 And whatever men think in their minds or desire in their hearts or profess in their words to the contrary if for all that they have sinned impenitently in their actions Christ has told them plainly that he will pronounce when he comes to
indulged passion we daily find that when it is permitted to grow high it has the same effect in making a man act inconsiderately as Wine it self has For a man may be drunk and infatuated with a violent anger an impetuous lust an overpowering fear as well as with wine It shall make him quite forget all Rules of decency and Vertue and attend no more to them at that time than if he had never known them Of anger it is affirmed to a Proverb that it is a short fit of madness And the Case is the same in other passions when they are suffered to go on to amazing and stupifying degrees How many things are acted in the heat of lust of fear of anger c. which the men in their sober wits condemn so perfectly that they would account themselves to be very much injured if any man should say that they might be insnared into them and fall under them Of so great power are mens passions in clouding nay for a time quite overwhelming their reason and understanding For such is the condition of the reasonable soul that during its being here united to the body it is subject to all its alterations and liable even in its most proper and spiritual operations of reason and knowledg to be either improved or hindred or quite taken away by those changes which befal it In a sound body it is free and active but if the bodily Spirits which are those great instruments that it makes use of are ruffled and disordered if they are either confused and overcharged by strong drink or a strong passion blended and displaced by a phrensie blasted by an apoplexy or otherwise mixed and disordered quenched or oppressed by any other violent Disease all use of reason and consideration is strangely hindred if not for a while perfectly eclipsed And this all men are so sensible of that every one is apt to plead this in his own behalf for those faults which he commits in the height of passion and others are as ready to admit of it For their great excuse is That their passion made them almost mad and spurr'd them on to act they knew not what without all sober thought and consideration Thirdly As for the habit or custom of chusing sinful actions it brings our wills to such an acquaintance with them and to such an unstudied forwardness in embracing of them that when an opportunity is offered for them we cannot refrain from them if we would or stand to deliberate whether we should chuse them or no. For custome as we daily see in all sorts of actions begets such a promptness and easiness in performing those things which we are accustomed to that we readily act them upon the next occasion without staying to think and consider of them Vse as was observed above is a second Nature and what we have been wont to do by long practice we do as easily as quickly and as indeliberately as we do those things which flow from the necessity of our very Nature it self And as it is in all our other actions so it is likewise in our works of sin and disobedience By a long acquaintance with them and practice of them we learn at last to chuse them whensoever we meet with them without all thought and examination For all the little doubts and exceptions of our minds against them all tormenting fears and checks of Conscience have been so often silenced that now they are heard no more to make any delay in our embracing of them And our wills have been so accustomed to strike in with them and to chuse the sinful action upon every return of the temptation that now they do not need to pause but act of hand and sin without enquiry And our bodily powers are so naturally disposed to spring out into the commission of them upon occasion that they hardly stay for a Command but are as quick and hasty in the dispatch as our wills were in their indeliberate chusing of them So that our willing of them after a long use is not a matter of arguing and discourse of weighing and considering but a sudden inconsiderate motion It is rather turned into an act of nature than of choice and has more in it of indeliberate necessity than of considerate liberty And as such the Scripture is wont to represent it For when sin is once grown into a confirmed habit we are told that it is not so truly an inviting temptation as a binding Law Rom. 7.25 It doth not then so truly perswade as rule and command us For we are led Captives by it ver 23 and sold under it ver 14. We submit to it out of necessity and not out of choice because we do not chuse where we cannot refuse and here we must be under it and cannot help it For it is now become our very nature and it is almost as much out of our power to alter it as it is for a thing to cast off what is most natural to it Can the Ethiopian Blackamore change his skin or the Leopard his spots When they can do that then saith Jeremy may you also do good who are accustomed to do evil Jer. 1â— 23 If men are so pleased they may chuse to sin themselves out of their liberty till they can no longer chuse whether they shall sin any more or no. A compleat habit and a perfect custome shall make them sin beyond all liberty because they will sin without all deliberation and then they are got up to that pitch whereof S t Peter speaks Of them who cannot cease from sin 2 Pet. 2 14. In sins of commission then or doing those things which are forbidden the causes of indeliberateness and inconsideration are most usually these three viz. A drunken fit a high passion or a confirmed habit And then 2. As for the other Branch of sins viz. those of omission or neglecting to do what we are commanded Besides these three already mentioned which have their evil influence upon sins of that kind also there is one great and particular Cause which takes away our liberty of choice in them and that is a neglect of those means which are necessary to the performance of the omitted Duty For as it is in all our other actions so is it also in those of obedience they hang in a chain of dependance and are helped on or hindred by several others which further than they influence them are not religious themselves nor make up any part of obedience There is a Religion of the means as well as of the end and some actions are helps and preparatives to a religious Duty but otherwise they are no Duty in themselves Thus the not staying to look upon a woman or to gaze upon her beauty is one means whereto our Saviour directs a man that he may be preserved from coveting and lusting after her Matth. 5.28 So fasting is a furtherance to prayer and repentance and several other instances of obedience
stay beyond that time which we are to act in if we do act at all Besides our powers of action especially where there is any strong temptation of pleasure or profit to act for are forward of themselves and ready to spring out upon the first occasion As soon as the temptation is offered to our thoughts our wills indeliberately approve and all our bodily and active powers by an unconsidered emanation start up to pursue and endeavour after it whence thinking and considering is necessary not to raise but to stop and restrain them And then if either our thoughts have been otherwise engaged and so cannot readily withdraw themselves to consider of a new object or if our thinking powers themselves are dull and heavy and thereby unfit to consider of it we presently and indeliberately go on to act the thing without all pausing and due consideration For this other reason of inconsideration also viz. the want of power or indisposition of our thinking faculty it self is not a thing wholly subject to our own will to chuse whether or when we shall fall under it Because in this state of our souls during their being here united to our Bodies they make use of our bodily powers in their use of reason and in the very exercise of thought and consideration and therefore even in them they are liable to be changed and altered just as our Bodies are For in a brisk and healthy Body our thoughts are free and quick and easie but if our Bodies are dull and indisposed our minds are so too A heaviness in our heads will make us heavy in our apprehensions and a discomposure in our Spirits whether through the strength of Wine or of a violent passion will make us discomposed and incoherent in our thoughts also And if there be an utter perverting or blasting of our bodily powers as is often seen in the bodily Diseases of Epilepsies Phrensies Apoplexies and the like there will be the same perversion or utter extinction of our conceptions likewise But now these indispositions of our Bodies which thus unfit our very souls for thought and due consideration are not in our power to order when and where they shall seize upon us For our Bodies are liable to be thus acted upon by any other Bodies of the world whether we will or no. A heavy air or an indisposing accident will work a change in our bodily temper without our leave and when once that is indisposed we cannot hinder our thoughts themselves from being indisposed too And since it is not in our power at all times to chuse whether or no we will pause and consider although we can avoid offending in those Cases wherein we can consider of it yet is it manifest that we cannot avoid offence in all Indeed if we take any particular action and in our own thoughts separate it from any particular time and from the Chain of other particular actions amongst which it lyes we shall be apt to affirm that it is such whereof we can think and consider For take any action by it self and being aware of it we can let other things alone and watch for it particularly and when we do so we are sure to find one time or other when our understandings are disposed for a due deliberation and fit and able to consider of it But then we must take notice that this supposed state of an action as separate from the Crowd of other actions and determined to no time is only imaginary and in speculation For when we come to practise them though in some we have time and power enough yet in others we find that we have not Because either they come in the throng of other business and then our thoughts being hotly employed upon other things cannot so easily be drawn from them upon the sudden to consider of them or if they call upon us when we have time to consider in yet it happens that our faculties are heavy and indisposed and so we exert them still without due consideration When we think of any particular action by it self therefore we take it out of the throng of business wherein it is involved and out of that time wherein we are indisposed and then we are bold to conclude that we can consider of it But when we come to practise it we find that our former speculation supposed false and that it comes mixt with a crowd of other things or in a time when we have troubled and discomposed thoughts So that how subject soever it was to our consideration in that separate state wherein we imagined it yet have we no power to consider of it in that throng of business or indisposition of faculties wherein we find it And this is verily the Case of several of our slips and transgressions For look upon any of the particulars by it self and take it asunder from the rest and then we shall be confident that we may bethink our selves and consider of it But take it as indeed it lyes among the mixt Crowd of other actions or as offered to our indisposed understandings and then we shall find that it slips from us without all consideration And this as I take it is intended by a great man when he tells us of sins of pardonable infirmitie that the liberty which they seem to have when we consider them in special and asunder they indeed have not when we consider them in the general viz. as involved in the crowd of other actions amongst whom they lye and altogether Upon which account of their having in them no choice and consideration he questions whether they contain that which can in strictness and propriety of speech be called sin And indeed if we understand the same by sin which S t John doth when he gives the explication of it 1 John 3.4 viz. a rejecting or contemning of the Law in which sence only a state of Grace is destroyed by it and he who is born of God cannot commit it they have not For men cannot be said to reject and despise a Law when they do not see and consider of it The liberty then which we have about those slips and transgressions which we do not know and consider of is in effect no liberty at all For we neither chuse the disobedient action it self nor the cause of it We do not chuse the sinful action it self because we do not know or consider of it Nor do we chuse the inconsideration because it is not left to our liberty whether in some of our actions we should be inconsiderate or no. And since our slips and failings which are thus involuntary by ignorance cannot be chosen or refused 't is plain that they cannot be avoided And as for all those things which we cannot avoid it is clear from what has been said above that the Gospel doth not eternally threaten us nor will God ever condemn us for them But that these slips and transgressions which being thus unknown
or other sins whether against Justice or Charity As on the other side our fears and aversations from want or pain or other bodily evils must not induce us to neglect a Commandment that we may please our Flesh or to deny our Religion for the securing of a bodily enjoyment These restraints God has laid upon our bodily appetites having given us these Commands with several others mentioned above which we are oft-times tempted to transgress in order to the fulfilling of them For our bodily appetites themselves do not distinguish either of objects or of degrees A mans palate or his stomach in any delicious meat or drink which yields a pleasure to it doth not tell him when they have enough or cease desiring before they are gone on to be intemperate Our eyes lust after money but they consider not whose it is but so they may have it they matter not to whom it belongs or how they come by it and so it is in our fleshly appetites of other things For it is the natural pleasure of those things which we lust after that moves our bodies and therefore they lust after them so long as they are pleased with them They never stop at a fixt measure or turn away from a forbidden object so that if we will be ruled by them they will carry us on to any thing that agrees with them whether it be lawful or unlawful and so are sure to insnare us into sin And here indeed God has set a strict restraint upon them and will punish them severely if they go beyond it For Then as I said our lusts are deadly to us and articles of our condemnation when they have damning effects and ensnare us into deadly and damning sins To any good man the bare lusts and desires of evil are not so truly a damning sin as a dangerous temptation they are not in themselves an Article of Death to him but they are apt to carry him on to that which is For that which puts any sin into a capacity to tempt us is our lust or desire of something which is annexed to it and which we hope to obtain by it There is always something that goes along with it which is naturally fitted to please our flesh and to excite a carnal appetite and by this we are tempted and allured into the practice and commission of it For bare sin could never tempt any man nor could any one in his wits ever chuse to disobey for disobedience sake without any thing further because there is no good in transgression nakedly considered which should move any mans will to chuse and embrace it but on the contrary much evil that will disswade and affright him from it For it deprives us of Gods favour and subjects us to his vengeance and fills us with sad hearts and anxious thoughts and terrible expectations But that which wins us over to a liking and approbation of it is the appearance of some pleasure profit honour or other annexed allurement which we expect to reap by it It is one or other of these that overcomes all our fears and inveagles us into the commission of it for they strike in with our natural appetites and raise in us desires after it and those prove the bait which draws us in and the insnaring temptation For herein lies all the force of any temptation The satisfaction of a lust is joyned with the acting of a sin which is an invitation to us for the sake of the one to commit the other also The transgression has something annexed which is agreeable to our fleshly Natures and raises in us desires of it and cravings after it and when it has got this hold of us it draws us as much as we can be drawn by our love of our own lusts and the gratification of our bodily appetites which is indeed a great step to our choice and commission of it and a strong temptation For this is the natural order of our actions either our Consciences or our Passions move and excite us to them and then our Wills chuse and intend them and upon that choice and intention our Vnderstandings contrive and direct and last of all our bodily and executive Powers fulfil and perform them All our bodily actions are at the choice and under the command of our wills and all our choice is upon the appearance of some good or other which either our consciences or our fleshly lusts and appetites propose to us For our wills we must remember are placed in a middle state and are canvased and beset on both sides our lusts being urgent with us to consent to one thing and our consciences to another And this is that strife betwixt the flesh and spirit which is mentioned in the Scriptures and that contention which S t Paul describes in the 7 th Chapter to the Romans between the Law of lust in the members and the Law of God in the mind These two Principles our Body and Spirit or our Lusts and our Consciences are those great Interests that vie and struggle in us and emulously contend which shall obtain the consent and choice of the will of man And whensoever either of them has got that our actions follow in course For our bodily members move at our own choice and therefore if our lusts after the pleasures of sin have once prevailed upon our wills to consent to it they have gained their point and their work is done and we shall go on without more ado to act and commit it In this then lies all the force of a temptation that the sin which we are tempted to has something annexed to it wherein our flesh is delighted and which it lusts after and desires for the sake of that pleasure which it finds in it And when by this means any sin has got our fleshly love and desire it has got a powerful friend in our own bosoms For our lusts are strong and violent and where they set upon a thing they will not easily be denied but are urgent and importunate with our wills to consent to their gratification and yield to the fulfilling of them So that if once any sin has struck in with them it is able to try its strength and contend with the Law of God in the mind being furnished now with a powerful bait and a strong temptation Thus are our lusts and desires of forbidden things not the forbidden sin it self but the temptation to it so that in bare lusting or desiring of them we do not commit the damning sins themselves but are tempted only to their commission And in this S t James is most express for then says he every man is tempted when he is drawn away of his own lusts and enticed to evil by them Jam. 1.14 And as for meer temptation to a damning sin it is not deadly and damning For our being tempted to sin is not a renouncing of our Lord but an exercise of our service and obedience to him and a
explication of this sin for if they once knew what it is they would be at ease from such tormenting suspicions and unreasonable fears about it To explain this I will consider 1. What is meant in Scripture by the Holy Ghost 2. What is meant here by sinning against it 1. What is meant in Scripture by the Holy Ghost By the word Holy Ghost or holy Spirit according to an usual Metonymie of the giver for the gift or of the cause for the effect is very often meant the gifts or effects of the holy Spirit whether they be such as he ordinarily produces in us or such as are extraordinary and miraculous Sometimes it signifies such gifts and dispositions whether of mind or temper as the Holy Ghost or Spirit of God is wont ordinarily to produce in men It notes I say the good qualifications of our minds or understandings which as all other good gifts are wrought in us by the Spirit and derived to us from God Thus a man endued with wisdom and discretion such as Joseph advised Pharaoh to set over all the Land of Egypt is called a man in whom the Spirit of God is Gen. 41.33 38 and the Spirit of the Lord mentioned Isai. 11 is in the very next words explained by the Spirit of wisdom the Spirit of understanding the Spirit of counsel the Spirit of knowledge and the Spirit of quick understanding vers 2 3. It signifies also the vertuous tempers and good qualifications of our hearts which like as the former were are given us of God Thus that good and charitable temper which is so exemplary in God and which is wrought in our souls by him is called the Spirit of God 1 John 4. If we love one another God dwells in us so that hereby know we that we dwell in him and he in us because he hath given us that loving temper of his Spirit ver 12 13. The temper which was so observable in Christ is called the Spirit of Christ Rom. 8.9 the temper of Elias is called the spirit of Elias Luke 1.17 the Spirit of the Lord is explained by the Spirit of the fear of the Lord Isai. 11.2 and that spirit which God hath given us says S t Paul is not the spirit of fear but the spirit of power of love and of a sound mind 2 Tim. 1.7 Thus doth the Spirit of God signifie many times in Scripture those ordinary gifts and Graces which are the good effects of the Spirit But besides these effects of it in the good endowments and perfections of our natural faculties whether of mind or temper which are common and ordinary sometimes it signifies more especially those gifts which are extraordinary and miraculous Of which sort are the gift of tongues of prophecy of healing Diseases without any natural means and performing other miraculous operations so famous in the first times of the Gospel Thus for example that Saying I will pour out in those days of my Spirit is interpreted by this in the next words And they shall prophesie Acts 2.18 And the elder Brothers which was a double share of the prophetick power of Elias is called a double portion of his Spirit 2 Kin. 2.9 And the Corinthians zealous pursuit of the miraculous and extraordinary gifts of prophecy speaking with tongues healing diseases and working miracles is called by the Apostle their being zealous of Spirits or as we translate it of spiritual gifts 1 Cor. 14.12 Now as for these extraordinary gifts they are all wrought in us by the same cause and proceed from the same Principle viz. the holy Spirit of God or the holy Ghost There are in the Church now in our times saith the Apostle diversities of gifts but yet one and the same Spirit is the Donor of them all For to one is given by the Spirit the word of wisdom or of Gospel truths and revelations to another the word of knowledg or discerning of remote things and prophetical predictions by the same Spirit to another faith of his being Divinely assisted to produce supernatural effects to another miraculous gifts of healing Diseases without use of means by the same Spirit to another the working of miracles or the utmost activity and energy of powers in the highest instances and effects of them of which sort are raising the Dead casting out Devils inflicting bodily torments on contumacious Sinners c. to another prophecy or exposition of Scripture and inspired Hymns to another discerning of Spirits both in seeing into mens spiritual thoughts and intentions and also in discerning who wrought true Miracles and who Satanical Delusions who were divinely inspired and who were mere Pretenders to another the ecstatick gift of speaking divers kinds of tongues in such rapturous transports as permitted them not to stay to interpret what they said and made them afterwards forget it to another the gift of interpreting into the vulgar language of any in the Congregation those strange tongues But all these diversities of gifts worketh that one and the self same Spirit dividing all these different gifts to every man severally as he will 1 Cor. 12.4 8 9 10 11. And seeing it is the same Spirit or Holy Ghost which is the Authour and Giver of them all therefore are they all indifferently called by either name For sometimes all these extraordinary gifts both the power of miracles and the gift of tongues and prophecy are called the Spirit Thus when the Apostles began to speak with tongues and to prophesie as well as to work miracles and heal diseases it is said that the Spirit was poured out upon them Acts 2.17 18 19 and all these varieties of gifts oâ— one sort or other which are reckoned up by S t Paul in this twelfth Chapter to the Corinthians are attributed to the Spirit and said to be wrought by it and the Apostles being filled with the Holy Ghost and speaking with tongues is called their speaking by the spirit they were all filled with the Holy Ghost says S t Luke and began to speak as the Spirit gave them utterance Acts 2.4 And in like manner at other times all these same powers whether of understanding or action of tongues or miracles are called the Holy Ghost Thus the gifts of signs and wonders and divers miracles are reckoned among the gifts of the Holy Ghost Heb. God says Saint Paul bearing the Apostles witness with signs and wonders and divers miracles and other gifts of the Holy Ghost ver 4. And the signs and wonders which were done by the hands of the Apostles particularly that of healing the lame man so much taken notice of Acts 3 is said to be the witness of the Holy Ghost Acts 5.12 32. Thus I say by reason that all these extraordinary gifts whether relating to our minds in knowledge and speaking with tongues or to our executive powers in healing diseases and working miracles proceed all from the self same Holy Ghost or Holy Spirit the gifts of either sort are called
wilful sins themselves as has been shewn are not desperate under Christs Religion the Gospel being a Covenant that doth not damn men upon all voluntary sin but encourages their repentance with the promise of pardon so that although all our sins are against God and his Spirit they are not irremissible but will be remitted to every man who repents of them It is not every sin against the Spirit of God then which this place in S t Matthew threatens so severely But the unpardonable sin is a sin by it self it has something peculiar in it from all other sins which by shutting us out from all possibility of repentance excludes it from all hopes of being forgiven And indeed it is plainly this It is a sinning against the Holy Ghost in the last sense as it signifies not only the power of miracles but also the gift of tongues and other illuminations of the Holy Ghost which came down upon the Apostles at Pentecost and it is such a sinning against these as is particularly by reviling and blaspheming them This and none other I take to be the sin here mentioned For the clearer discerning whereof we will consider the sins against the Holy Ghost in all the acceptations before laid down and in all of them except the last we shall find room for pardon and remission First then to sin against the Holy Ghost as it signifies the ordinary endowments and vertuous tempers of our minds and wills is not the unpardonable sin that is here spoken of For every sin against any particular vertue is a sin against the Holy Ghost in that sense Every act of drunkenness for instance is against the gift of sobriety and every act of uncleanness is against the gift of continency and so it is in the several actions of all other sorts of sin But now as for all these the great offer and invitation of the Gospel is that men would accept of mercy upon repentance The Incestuous Corinthian sinned deeply against the grace of chastity and he repented and was forgiven S t Peter denied his Lord and upon his repentance he was also pardoned and the same Grace has been allowed as we have seen to all other wilful sinners Nay in this sort of sinning against the Holy Ghost viz. by sinning against those Christian gifts and graces which he works in us there is mercy to very great degrees For sometimes we do not hearken to his holy motions but fall into lesser sins and offensive indecencies notwithstanding all his vertuous suggestions and endeavours to the contrary and then he is troubled and grieved at us Eph. 4.30 And at other times we venture upon more hainous crimes which quite lay waste the conscience and undo all the vertuous temper and resolution of our souls so that we lie long in our impenitence as David did in the matter of Vriah and are almost hardned in our wicked way before we are able again to recover out of it and in these offences the Spirit has been so much affronted and his importunate suggestions so frequently thrown out that he is almost ready to forsake us and to leave us to our selves so that it may be called a quenching of him 1 Thess. 5.19 But although the last of these especially be very dangerous yet is neither of them desperate But after we have been guilty of them God continues still to make offers and invitations and by his long-sufferance and his gracious providences and the repeated calls of his Word and Ministers he still endeavours to recover us to pardon by recalling us to repentance Yea the holy Spirit it self makes fresh assaults upon us and tries again whether we will hearken to it and be relieved by it as it was with David after he had complained of his being deprived of Gods presence and of the holy Spirit 's being taken from him Psal. 51.11 and as it is with every other reclaimed back-slider The sinning against the Holy Ghost therefore in this sense as it signifies the ordinary gifts and graces of the Holy Ghost is far from being the unpardonable sin and is manifestly under the grace of pardon and repentance Secondly Nor is a sin against the extraordinary gifts of casting out Devils healing diseases working miracles or other things called the Spirit that unpardonable sin which is here intended To blaspheme the Spirit 't is true comes very near it and when men are once gone on to that God is very nigh giving of them up and using no more means about them to bring them either to Faith or Repentance which are the only way to pardon and forgiveness But although this pitch of sin be extreme dangerous yet in great likelihood it is not wholly desperate for after all the dirt that men had thrown upon this evidence viz. the miraculous operation wrought by Christ whilst he continued upon earth God was still pleased to use some means further to bring them to believe and that was the evidence of the Holy Ghost which came down to compleat all after that Jesus was glorified Act. 2. This great proof which was to be poured out upon the Disciples at Pentecost and upon other Christians at the Imposition of their hands for a good while after might effect that wherein the other had failed and be acknowledged by those very men who had blasphemed the former So that their case notwithstanding it were gone extreme far was not for all that quite hopeless because one remedy still remained which God resolved he would use to reclaim them though after that he would try no more The blaspheming of the Spirit then was very near the unpardonable because unamendable sin but yet it was not fully grown up to it it was in the next degree to unpardonable but yet if it went no further it might be pardoned still And of this I think we have a clear proof even in those blasphemous Pharisees whose reviling of the Spirit was the occasion of all this discourse For as for the Spirit they blasphemed it in this very Chapter when upon occasion of the miraculous cure of the man with the withered hand v. 13 and of Christs casting out of Devils v. 28 both which were so manifestly wrought before their eyes that none of them durst question or deny the working of them they go blasphemously to charge these evident effects of the Spirit upon the power of Magick and to say that these works of God were performed by the Devil For when these mighty effects of the Spirit were urged to them in behalf of Jesus they answered and said says S t Matthew this Fellow doth not cast out Devils but by Beelzebub the Prince of the Devils v. 24. Here is a reproach to these miraculous gifts of the Spirit as great as can be invented for it is nothing less than an attributing them to the most foul and loathsom Fiends in Nature even to the very Devils themselves But yet this Blasphemy as dangerous as it was is not
and the perfection as to this particular of the Law of Christ. The Law of Moses was unable to work a general reformation by reason of several defects two whereof I shall particularly mention which in the Religion of Christ are fully supplied and they are the great motive to all obedience eternal life and the great encouragement of all endeavour the promise of the Spirit Eternal life are words that are never heard of in all Moses's Law Indeed the good people under it had all some rude thoughts and confused expectations of it but the Law it self did no where clearly and expresly propose it Whereof this may serve for a probable proof because a whole Sect among them the Sadducees I mean did flatly deny it and this for an undeniable Argument because those very places of the Law which are brought to confirm it by those Jewish Doctors that are most for it are in all appearance so remote from it Nay even our Saviour himself when he goes to prove it against the Sadducees out of the Books of Moses can find no other Testimonies for it than such as are fetched about to speak it by art and brought to it by consequence Luke 20.37 38. So that well might S t Paul say in triumph over all other Religions in the World That life and immortality were brought to light by the Gospel 2 Tim. 1.10 And in the comparison of that Covenant which came by Moses with that other which came by Christ to affirm that the Covenant which came by Christ was the bringing in of a better hope Heb. 7.19 and a better Covenant for this reason because it was established upon better promises Heb. 8.6 And then as for the promise of the Spirit to enable men to do what was required of them of that Moses made no mention By this Law as S t Paul says was the knowledge of sin Rom. 3.20 It shewed men what they should do and denounced a Curse upon them if they failed to do it but it stopt there and went not on to promise any inward Grace and help that might enable them to be as good as it required them No the promise of that was reserved to another dispensation and to be the hope of a better Covenant it was not to come by Moses but by Christ nor to be an express Article of the Law but of the Gospel Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the Law saith the Apostle that now being under the Gospel we might receive the promise of the Spirit which comes not by the Law of Moses but through the Faith of Christ Gal. 3.13 14. The Law by its prohibition made several actions to be sinful it shewed us what was sin and it threatned the curse to it but that was all that it did towards the extirpation of it for as for any inward strength and ability to overcome it it offered none but left us there to our own selves And because sin was too strong for us and had got possession of our Bodies and executive Powers insomuch that we were quite enslaved to it and as it were sold under it therefore the Law by making more things sinful through its prohibition and not strengthening us against sin through spiritual assistance instead of lessening the Empire of sin proved in the end to encrease it For our lusts not being restrained by it and more of them becoming sinful by being prohibited when the Law entred as S t Paul says the offence did more abound Rom. 5.20 and the Law became not the bane and overthrow of sin but by making its services more numerous it was rather as the same Apostle says the strength of it 1 Cor. 15.56 And forasmuch as the Law did only thus outwardly shew and reveal sin to our eyes but brought along with it nothing of inward Grace and assistance to help us against it therefore is it called a Letter without us opposite to the Grace of the Gospel which is an enlivening Spirit within And since it did nothing more but outwardly shew and threaten sin but did not inwardly assist and rescue us from it it served only to condemn us for what we did from the doing whereof it brought no inward Grace to hinder us and so proved the ministration of death and condemnation not of life and pardon All which is plainly affirmed of it in the third Chapter of the second Epistle to the Corinthians God says S t Paul hath made us Apostles ministers of the New Testament or Covenant not of the external Letter only as Moses and the Ministers of the Law were but of the internal Spirit also For the Letter or old Law shews sin and curses men upon the breach of that which they cannot keep and thereby kills them but the Spirit or new Law enables them to do what it commands and thereby giveth right to life which is the mercy that it promises That was the ministration of condemnation for it shewed men the curse which it did not enable them to shun this is the ministration of justification and righteousness which it both promises and enables them to attain to ver 6 7 8 9. 'T is very true indeed that several of the Jews themselves under the Law of Moses had really such assistances of Gods Spirit as enabled them to do as well as to know what was required of them For David in all his life and behaviour was a man after Gods own heart 1 Sam. 13.14 Zacharias and Elizabeth as to their walking in all the Commandments of the Lord were blameless Luke 1.6 And the Case was the same with a number of other honest and godly Jews But then this assistance which they enjoyed was no Article of their Law although God afforded it yet had their Law no where promised it nor was he bound to it by the Mosaical Covenant For in very truth all this inward Spirit which was vouchsafed to them was reached out not by virtue of the Covenant of the Law but of the Covenant of Grace For the Covenant of Grace was not first made with the World when Christ came into it but was established long before with Adam Gen. 3.15 and after that confirmed again with Abraham and all his Seed after him Gen. 12.3 Gal. 3.8 17. So that under it as well as under Moses all the Jews lived and by the gracious terms and assisting Spirit of it all the righteous people that have been since the beginning of the World were justified It being as S t Paul says by faith which is the righteousness of the second Covenant that the Elders who lived before the Law obtained a good report Heb. 11.2 and that the Jews who lived under it were delivered and justified from all things from which they could not be justified by any virtue of the Law of Moses Acts 13.39 And therefore that which the Apostle affirms of the defectiveness of the Mosaick Law viz. it s having no promise of the Spirit to
enable men to do what it commanded is true still For the Law did not promise it although several both before and under the Law enjoyed it but they who had the benefit of it received it not from the Covenant of the Law but from the Covenant of Grace and the Gospel which has been more or less on foot through all times ever since the World began And in this Covenant since Christ has given us the last Edition and perfection of it both these great defects of the Mosaick Law which rendered it so unable to work this intire reformation and obedience are fully supplied For in every Page of Christ's Gospel what is so legible as the promise of eternal life The joys of Heaven are as much insisted on by Christ as the delights of Canaan were by Moses And then as for the other promise viz. that of the Spirit it is now as plainly revealed as words can make it For we need not to guess at it by signs or to presume it from probabilities or to believe it upon Syllogism and consequence but Christ has spoke out so as to be understood by every capacity God will give the holy Spirit to them that ask him Luke 11.13 Now because the Law of Moses laboured under these two great defects which are happily supplied by the Gospel of Christ by reason whereof it was very unable to effect that reformation of the World which was necessary therefore doth the Apostle in several places speak very meanly of it as of a weak and ineffective Instrument He affirms plainly and proves also That it neither could nor did make men throughly good and that therefore God was forced in the fulness of time to make known and in Christ's death to establish a better If there had been a Law given by Moses which could have given life then saith he verily righteousness should not have needed to be sought by another Covenant but have been by the Law But this we see it could not for the Scripture hath concluded all those who lived under it to be still under the dominion of sin that so since the Law of Moses could not do it the promise of eternal life of the Spirit and of other things which we have by the faith of Jesus Christ might be given to work and effect it to those that believe Gal. 3.21 22. Something indeed the Law did towards it for it armed their consciences against sin so that they could not take their full swing and transgress without all fear and remorse And this was some restraint and kept them from being so ill by far as otherwise they would have been although it was not able to make them so good as they should And to lay this hank upon sin and to check it in some measure till such time as the Gospel should be more clearly revealed to subdue it perfectly was that very end for which the Law was at first given and whereto so long as it was in force it served Wherefore saith he serveth the Law of Moses It was added to the rude draught of the Gospel-Covenant made with Abraham because of the transgressions of men which grew very high that it might in some degree restrain them till Jesus Christ the seed of Abraham should come to whom as to the head and in behalf of his Church the promise of such Grace as would restrain it fully was made And to fit it the more for imprinting an awe upon peoples Consciences whereby it might lay this restraint upon sin it was ordained at the first giving of it by terrible fire and thundrings made by the Angels which were so dreadful that the people desired of God that those formidable Angels might be no more employed in delivering it to them but that it might be put into the hands of another Mediator viz. Moses who was a man like unto themselves Gal. 3.19 But although this restraint upon Sin were something yet was it far from sufficient so that still it is true of the Law of Moses that notwithstanding it could begin yet it could finish and make nothing perfect but that it was the bringing in of a better hope than was warranted by the Law which should do that Heb. 7.19 And as for this imperfection and faultiness which the Apostle imputes to the first Covenant or Law of Moses in these and other places it is nothing more as he observes than God himself has charged upon it when he speaks of establishing a better instead of it For if the first Covenant by Moses had been faultless and void of imperfection then should no place have been sought for the introduction of the second which it is plain there was For finding fault with them for their breach of the first Covenant he saith in Jer. 31.31 the dayes come when I will make a New Covenant with the house of Israel such as shall make me to be for ever unto them a God and enable them to be unto me an obedient People Heb. 8.7 8 9 10. Now this Inability of the Law of Moses to work a compleat conquest over sin and a thorow reformation which the Apostle affirms so clearly in these other places he sets out more largely and particularly in that seventh Chapter to the Romans For from the beginning of this Discourse which I have taken at the 14 th Verse of the 6 th Chapter to the end of it at the 5 th vers of the 8 th this weakness and inability of the Law is that still which is every where endeavour'd to be made out and which returns upon us as the conclusion and inference from every argument Sin must not have dominion over you saith he because you are not under the Law where is the place of its reigning but under the Grace of Christ at the 14. verse of the 6 th Chapter And in the 7 th it is taken notice of at every turn When you were in the flesh or under the Law which from its consisting so much of Carnal Ordinances and giving the flesh so much advantage is called flesh Galat. 3.3 the motions of sin which were encouraged by the weakness of the Law brought forth fruit unto death but now being delivered from the weak Law you serve in newness of spirit not as you did then in the oldness of the letter vers 5 6. Sin taking occasion or advantage over the weak Commandment wrought in me all manner of concupiscence vers 8. When the weak Commandment came sin revived and I died vers 9. Sin taking occasion or advantage by the Commandment slew me vers 11. by which prevailing over the Commandment it appears to be exceeding sinfull vers 13. And at the end of the discourse at the 8 th Chapter we are told again of the Law of Moses being weak through the conquering power of the flesh which made it necessary for God to send his own Son with a better Law which was strong enough to rescue us not of the dominion of