a close to her most painful and miserable Life In Ulcered Cancers Cooling and Drying Medicines are to be applied in Ulcered Cancerss Caustick Medicines give great pains and can no ways Cure the Patient therefore it is best to apply Cooling or at least temperate Drying Medicines that give ease and keep the Sore clean and sweet that the Patient may spin out the Thread of Life with as little pain as possible In Cancers not Ulcered it is most safe to flie to Chyrurgeons as to a Sanctuary to Cut out the Cancerous Tumour in a Fleshy part if it be not too deeply rooted near some eminent Vessels which may endanger Life in a great Flux of Blood CHAP. XXVI Of a Rheumatism THe Muscles are obnoxious to another vexatious Disease that giveth a high discomposure to the Patient in violent Pains a Rhematism Nervous and Membranous Fibres relating to the Muscles are the subjects of a Rheumatism that hath for its remote subject the Fleshy part of the Body not much concerned as composed of various Tubes of Arteries Veins and Lymphaeducts but are framed of Nervous and Membranous Fibres which are the parts chiefly affected in this Disease as the great Ministers of Sensation The Muscular parts of the lower Limbs The Muscles of the lower Limbs are most liable to a Rheumatism are most oppressed with a Rheumatism because the Blood enraged with Salt Particles is propelled downward by the Descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Iliack Artery into the Thighs Legs and Feet as most distant from the Noble parts which Nature is ambitious to preserve This troublesome Disaffection Rheumatisms have Types and Periods is not Afflictive perpetually after one manner by reason it doth not take one constant Course but hath its Types and Periods its Exacerbations and Remissions more gentle and more violent pains and seldom hath in the beginning any eminent Swelling which is more frequent about the state or declination of the Disease and is caused by the sharp Particles of the Blood transmitted into the empty Spaces of the Muscles where they being lodged give great Alleviation of pain to the discomposed Patient The subject of a Rheumatism is not the same with that of a Joint Gout The fine Coats encircling the body and heads of the Bones constituting the Joints but the various Membrane the fine contextures of Nervous Filaments immuring the body of every Muscle and many Nervous and Tendinous Fibres branched through the whole substance of the Muscles so that these Membranous and Fibrous parts as consisting of many Nervous Filaments are the parts affected in a Rheumatism as instruments of acute Sense whence they are rendred capable of pain produced by the unnatural Fermentative Elements of Vital and Nervous Liquor The main matter of Rheumatism is the Blood The matter of a Rheumatism is Blood made up of Fermentative Particles which is impelled into various Muscular parts by several Arterial Branches whence arise those wandring pains that torment now one then another part as afflicted with Fermentative unkindly Blood making several gesses through the Muscular parts relating to the whole Body Whereupon the Blood consisting of Heterogeneous and unnatural Elements doth give a disturbance to the Sensitive parts which are not liable to Suppuration because the Acid and Saline parts do preserve the Blood from Putrefaction and an Inflammation happening in a Rheumatism is not the Disease but a Symptome of it flowing from a source of Blood settled in the empty Spaces of the Muscles and the nature of this disaffection is founded in most irksome vellications of Nerves tortured with Acid and Saline Particles It may be worth our enquiry What parts of the Blood are most concerned in a Rheumatism whether the Chrystalline or Red Crassaments are most active in the Production of it To which I make bold to give this Reply That the Serous Particles and not the other are a great Cause of this Disease The serous parts of the Blood are most concerned in a Rheumatism as acted with sharp and Saline Atomes which do highly disquiet the Nervous Filaments and as I apprehend the Nervous Liquor doth claim a share in the production of this Distemper as it is disaffected with Acid Atomes which being in conjunction with the Serous parts of the Blood as they both concur to Nutrition do assault the tender frame of of Nervous Filaments and vehemently prick them Whereupon The pituitous Matter is not the cause of a Rheumatism I humbly conceive that pituitous Matter or indigested Chyme is not the matter of a Rheumatism but of an Oedematous Tumour as being of too soft an ingeny to produce such a churlish and angry Disease speaking so great a torment to the Nervous Filaments no way agreeable to the more mild nature of the Chyle holding great analogy with the temper of Milk which sweetneth and not enrageth and being associated with the Mass of Blood giveth rather an allay then raiseth an unkindly Fermentation proceeding from Acid and Saline Atomes chiefly resident in the serous parts of the Blood The best account as I conceive as most agreeable to Sense and Reason is Mechanical fetched from the principles of Nature Chymically described constituting the Mass of Blood which being unnaturally Heterogeneous in a Cachexy do cause extraordinary Ebullitions highly afflicting the parts of the Body through which it passeth whereupon the main Ingredients of this Disease are Salts of different dispositions Different kinds of Salts the causes of a Rheumatism residing in the Mass of Blood and making great Effervescences when they endeavour to enter into a mutual association which is intended by Nature for each others Interest and Perfection because the end of these sharp Encounters is to refine each other and by subduing their Dissimilar Natures to become nearer akin to each other by a harmony of Temper in which they being Assimilated do leave their hostile disputes and kindly entertain each other in an amicable Converse And those different Saline Principles which have so stubborn and uncompliant disposition that are not capable to be reconciled by being made Similar by natural Effervescences Acids and Alkalies makâ— great Ebullitions Nature turneth out of Doors as disserviceable to the Body by several Excretory Vessels terminating in the Intestines Bladder or Ambient parts These various Saline Elements are fixed as Alkalies and Lixivial Salts and being highly indisposed in different Tempers and meeting with exalted Acids do produce extravagant Fermentations The Mass of Blood and Nervous Liquor resemble the different Elements of Vegetables as Oil of Sulphur poured upon Oil of Tartar or any other Acids mixed with Volatil or fixed Salts do cause great Ebullitions And the Mass of Blood and Nervous Liquor being made up of different Elements of disaffected Acids and Alkalies of unkindly Volatil and fixed Salts do hold a great Analogy with the Fermentations flowing from the mixture of Spirit of Vitriol and Tartar which entring into disputes
hightned by these choice Dispositions it is transmitted from the Mouth through the Gulet into the Stomach where it is improved by various Ferments flowing out of the Terminations of the Nerves and Arteries into the Cavity of the Stomach which raise a Fermentation in the Meat and Drink by exciting their contrary Elements to Intestine Motion The Liquor dropping out of the Extreamities of the Nerves into the bosome of the Stomach is inspired with fine Animal Spirits and exalted with Volatil Saline Particles which being of a subtle Constitution enobled with Spirituous parts are easily received by secret passages into the body of the Aliment lodged in the Kitchin of the Stomach affected with Intestine Motion by stirring up the contrary principles of the Nourishment And the Nervous Juice is also made up of many Minute parts adorned with various Figures and Magnitudes different from the solid and fluid atomes of Meat and Drink which being endued with contrary Elements do enter into fight with each other and by opposite Manners and processes of Operation do bring their disagreeing Tempers by a middle allay to an amicable Reconciliation consistent with each others subdued Nature And the Nervous Liquor doth also associate with the Serous Juice flowing gently out of the Extreamities of the Arteries separated from the Red Crassament of the Blood in the Glandulous Coat of the Stomach and this Serous Liquor The Alimentary Liquor is extracted by Ferments and afterward the Faeces are separated by a kind of precipitation being acted with various saline and oily Principles received from the Blood is conveyed into the Ventricle wherein divers Ferments compounded of different Minute Heterogeneous parts of various shapes and sizes do reduce into act the several Elements of Meat and Drink whose parts are opened by Volatil Saline and elastick Atomes of divers Ferments whereupon the gross and fixed Saline and sulphureous parts of the Aliment are put into Fusion and being further attenuated and exalted are brought to maturity as being rendred more subtle and spirituous and the more solid Atomes of the Meat being diluted with the watry parts of a potulent Matter are prepared and colliquated by a moist Heat derived from warm Blood extracting a White creamy Liquor which is severed by a kind of precipitation from the more faeculent parts as disserviceable to the Body in order to give a due Repair to the decayed mass of Blood exhausted by a free and constant transpiration through the finest passages of the Skin CHAP. XXXII The Pathology of the Concoctive Faculty of the Stomach HAving Treated of the appetitive Faculty consisting of Hunger and Thirst and of the retentive Faculty and of their Objects Dispositions Causes parts Affected and Pathology as Handmaids to the Concoctive Faculty and of its different Ferments Matter and Manner of the production of Chyle my intendment at this time is to entertain the Courreous Reader with the Pathology of the Concoctive Faculty Pathology concerneth the disaffections as the misdemeanors of Nature and therefore I conceive it not unreasonable to shew her state of Health in integrity as a Rule before I Treat of her failings as deflections from that Rule relating to the digestive power of the alimentary Liquor which I conceive is produced after this mode and accomplished by divers steps and periods The Aliment being broken into small parts by mastication The method of Nature in the production of Chyle impraegnated with salival Liquor and nitrous particles of Air exalted with the more athereal influxes of the Planets receiveth its first rudiment of Concoction in the Mouth and is thence transmitted down the Gulet into the Stomach where it is farther advanced with serous Particles distilling out of the terminations of the Arteries and with a more choice Liquor dropping out of the extreamities of the Nerves implanted into the inward Coat of the Ventricle wherein it is inspired with Air filling the empty Cavity of it before it is accommodated with Meat and Drink Whereupon the Ventricle being endued with Heat and many different Ferments opening the body of Aliment doth extract a Milky Tincture out of it by colliquation and afterward by a kind of precipitation doth defaecate the alimentary Liquor from the grosser Faeces The great Health and preservation of our excellent frame of Body Health is maintained by the good Constitution of Ferment or order to the production of Chyle Blood and Animal Liquor is chiefly supported by the laudable Constitution of different Ferments as each of them contribute to the production of Chyle the Materia substrata of Blood Animal Liquor and Spirits which do give Life Sense Motion and Nourishment to the whole Body These Fermentative Ingredients are the main efficients of the production of the alimentary Juyce in the Ventricle which hath its first conception in the Mouth as actuated with salival Liquor derived from the parotides maxillary and oral Glands exalted with Air enobled with Caelestial influxes and afterward the Aliment being protruded down the Aesophagus into the Ventricle is brought to greater maturity by the new access of Air Confaederated with Nervous and Serous Liquors so that these various Ferments as endued with a good Disposition are instituted by Nature to conserve our Health by propagating a laudable Chyle extracted out of wholsom Meat and Drink If these fermenting Elements The salival Liquor is disaffected with fixed saline or over-acide parts and vitiated with ill Air. the Grounds and Causes of intestine Motion in Diet the support of vital Liquor do recede from their native Principles and Constitution the wheels of nature grow in disorder being hurried with irregular Motion The salival Liquor is vitiated with fixed Saline or over-Acid Particles sometimes associated with Air debased with noisome Exhalations streaming out of the Earth or thickned with gross and putride Vapors ascending out of stagnant waters which do act the first parts in this Tragick Scene of Concoction and give the prime ill Tincture to the Aliment broken into small pieces And afterward the Meat and Drink being conveyed from the Mouth The Ferments of the Stomach are vitiated with saline and acide Recrements of the Blood and animal Juyce making a crude Chyle the Caused of many diseases through the Gulet into the Stomach are there assaulted with more troublesome saline and acide Recrements of Serous and Nervous Liquor lodged in the small Vessels obstructed in the Viscera and Glands wherein they being stagnant do lose their good Qualities and Spirits and grow first Saline and then by a longer abode do degenerate into an acide Ferment and at last give so great a trouble to the Noble parts that they force these indisposed Humors to quit their Confinement by squeezing them out of the greater Branches into the extremities of the Caeliack Capillary Arteries and Stomacick Fibrils into the Cavity of the Ventricle where they first accost and then enter into Converse with the broken Aliment whereby the purity of the alimentary Liquor is
in the Renal Glands do vitiate the temper of the Blood and incline its hot mass to an effervescence The mass of Blood is not only composed of different Liquors The spirituous parts of the Blood not well regulated do produce a Fever but of various Elements too of Spirit Sulphur and Salt The Spirituous as the more subtil and volatil parts of the Blood are bounded and kept in due order by the more fixed whence ariseth a good Fermentation but if heterogeneous Particles of crude Chyme not easily to be subdued be mixed with the Blood the bond of Mixtion is relaxed then the spirituous parts are too predominant and the ebullition of the Blood is raised often ending in a Fever When the sulphureous part is too much exalted The sulphureous parts of the Blood too much exalted cause a Fever as being triumphant in the mass of Blood its temperament is perverted whereupon the Chyme being not well Concocted as being over bilious doth raise a great effervescence of the Blood inducing a Fever If the saline Atomes of the Blood be too much elevated The saline parts brought to a Fluor do generate into a Fever The cause of a Fever is seated in the Blood as compounded of divers Fermentative Liquors The Nervous Liquor being soft cannot be said to be a cause of a Fever Many critical evacuations of Blood determining a Fever do shew the cause to be placed in the Blood they are brought to a Fluor and the Blood turneth Acide which is found to be the cause of a Quartane Ague These being premised it is most probable that the Causes of various Fevers are seated in the Blood as it is made up of divers fermentative Liquors and Elements producing many Feverish Inflammatory Dispositions But the nervous Liquor cannot be so truly said the cause of Fevers as most acute Borellus will have it as being a mild Liquor not consisting of many several Liquors contrary Principles and Recrements with which the Blood is endued and therefore the animal Liquor is not subject to so many various Ebullitions and Feverish indispositions Farthermore the apertion of a Vein and the critical evacuations of Blood by the Nostrils Hemorrhoids and Menstrua in Women do determine a Fever which plainly evinceth that the Morbifick cause in a Fever is seated in the mass of Blood whose hot steams and watry saline Particles are severed from the Blood in the cutaneous Glands and discharged by the excretory Ducts of the Skin And in order to the more clear understanding of the nature of Fevers consisting in the various ill Crasis of the Blood disturbing the Motion of the Heart I will give you a short History of the various constitution of the Blood as productive of its Ebullition in the Heart Galen and his followers made four Temperaments The temperament of the Blood as composed of Four Humours supposing the mass of Blood to be compounded of four distinct Liquors Phlegme Bile Melancholy and laudable or pure Blood but I conceive it will be very difficult according to this Opinion to solve the Phaenomena that may occurr so that it seemeth more probable to determine the Blood as well qualified to be one Liquor consisting of Heterogeneous parts and not of those different humors which do not constitute the mass of Blood but are only accidental to it in a depraved habit of Body in which three of those humors may be called Recrements of the Blood and not constituent parts which Nature endeavoureth to secern from it and therefore it is more consonant to Reason and Sense not to believe the Blood to be made of many distinct Humors but one Liquor consisting of different parts pituitous framed of crude indigested Chyme The melancholy constitution of the Blood or bilious made of exalted Oily Particles or melancholick compounded of Tartareous or earthy Saline put into a Fluor as the chief Spirituous and Oily parts are breathed out Hence spring the four Constitutions of the Body derived from the several Temperaments of the Blood when it is integrated of different Elements reduced to a good harmony in due proportion The constitution of hot oily and saline Particles not too much exalted nor the gross and fixed too much depressed and the solid and liquid Atomes well mixed may be truly stiled the Sanguineous temper of the Blood The sanguineous constitution of the Blood and is the rule from which the others may be termed more or less ill as they have greater or less deflections from it as being ill tempers upon which the Pathalogy of the Blood dependeth The First I will Treat of The Pituitous constitution of the Blood is the Pituitous Constitution derived from cold moist or gross Aliment not well concocted for want of a fit Menstruum or good natural heat whence proceedeth an ill prepared Chyle conveyed through proper Channels to the Heart where it being not well attenuated and colliquated runneth confused with the Blood without being broken into small particles by reason of its over viscide substance generating a crude mass of Blood which being imparted by great and less arterial Branches to the whole Body maketh a cold and moist temperament commonly called Pituitous seated in a gross mass of Blood apt to be stagnant which produceth various inflammations in reference to several parts in which the crude Blood is lodged vid. a Perinumonia in the substance of the Lungs and Pleuritis in the Pleura An Angina in the Muscles of the Larynx A Polypus in the Ventricles of the Heart and the Trunk of the pulmonary Artery and Veins An Apoplexy in the substance of the Brain and an Anasaerca in the habit of the Body Some Physicians and those Learned too do conceive the Phlegmatick mass of Blood to be composed much of Chyle or nervous Liquor as being akin in colour and manner of consistence Whereupon it being thick and indigested when extravasated and Cold doth concrete into a white and discoloured Cruor or skinny substance facing the upper region of the Blood when it is let out of the Vein into a Porringer and coagulated But upon a more curious inspection The Cause of the tough surface of the Blood this white clammy tough surface of the Blood will be found to be a Fibrous contexture made up of many thin Membranes seated one within another in whose Interstices are formed a reticular Plexe composed as it were of nervous Fibrils interspersed with divers small Cells resembling little holes interceding Combs The Compage of the Blood when it is coagulated filled with Honey in which a serous Liquor is contained This Compage of the Blood may be made evident by ocular demonstration which I saw in concreted Blood covered with a white Surface almost halfe an inch thick which was integrated of many fine Membranes as so many thin Flakes constituting this coagulated Systeme framed of numerous Filaments curiously interwoven and closely set together which I discerned by my naked Eye without
also melancholick persons have objects represented to their fancy under deformed and uncouth large Images which strike greater fear and terror into the Minds of this kind of delirous persons These ill configured Phantasmes being offered to the Understanding confound its operations and render the discourses of melancholick persons insignificant and not agreeable to sound Reason And now it may be worth our inquiry how the natural disposition of the Animal Spirits is perverted which Learned Dr. Willis conceiveth to proceed from the fault of their peculiar Ingeny as he hath it in the Eleventh Chapter De Melancholia Pa. 323. Hic autem primo inquirendum occurrit de Spirituum Animalium diathesi seu constitutione praeternaturali Nam in quantum isti irregulari modo habentes in anomaliis suis aliquandiu aut semper persistunt cumque huic illorum affectioni non Paralysis Apoplexia vertigo aut convulsio adjunguntur quae Cerebri obstructiones arguunt inferre licebit quod Spiritus Animales neque ab alieno impetum faciente in tales inordinationes adiguntur neque potissimum ob Cerebri poros meatus obstructos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 suas concipiunt sed potius in hoc casu propriae indolis vitio praedicta symptomata aegrotis accersunt The Opinion of the Antients concerning the disaffection of the Animal Spirits The Antients have conceived this disaffection of Animal Spirits to proceed from a Melancholick Humor derived from adust Blood or Choler rendring the refined and lucid Particles of the nervous Liquor cloudy whereupon the Images of things have a dark representation as if they were vailed with shades and the Animal Spirits taking their rise from inflamed Blood do somewhat resemble the Rays of Light coming from a Flame as Dr. Willis hath illustrated the different affections of Animal Spirits According to Dr. Willis the different affections of Animal Spirits may be illustrated by the various disposition of Light by the various disposition of Light in the Chapter De Melancholia Pa. 324. At qui satis constat lucem se diversimode se habere illustrare juxta quod ab incendio corporum vario ritu efflagrantium scilicet spiritus vini olei sevi sulphuris mineralis nitri aliorumque procedit pariter Spiritus Animales in quantum a sanguine crasim modo hanc modo illam aliamve nacto aut subtiles aut clari aut hebetes crassi quasi fuliginosi extillantur functionum animalium organa varie trajiciunt irradiant earumque proinde actus diversimode pervertunt And the Animal Spirits are not so free and loose in their Compage as the Rays of Light which are an innumerable company of lucid Atomes moving with great quickness and agility but the Animal Spirits are more confined as engaged in the nervous Juyce their proper vehicle and may be compared to some chymical Liquors drawn out of natural Bodies by distillation which may illustrate delirous disaffections Delirous dispositions may be illustrated by Chymical Liquor extracted by Distillation as holding great Analogy with them Liquors Spagyrically extracted are active Elements which after various manners in them are endued with a diverse Ingeny and the most excellent Liquor as it is agreed by a common consent is a Spirit espoused to Salt which is volatised by it and the Spirit again is fixed by Salt which opposite principles speak a mutual advantage Liquors impregnated with volatil Salt as being ministerial to each others improvements and the Spirits of Hartshorn Soot and Blood are impregnated with volatil Salts which are very subtile volatil and penetrating and yet are not inflammable and the Animal Spirits being regular in motion as endued with a laudable constitution somewhat resemble a Spirituous Liquor exalted with volatil Salt extracted out of Blood by distillation except the great Acrimony and Empyreuma of Spirituous distilled Liquor coming from the Fire The Animal Spirits have a different mild disposition as extracted out of the albuminous parts of the Blood by a more mild heat But other chymical Liquors Liquors endued with oily and spirituous Particles being endued with a sulphureous nature as Spirit of Wine and Turpentine consisting of oily and spirituous parts united are easily inflammable they are parted from each other by Fire of this disposition as Dr. Willis conceiveth are the Animal Spirits producing a Phrensy But other different Liquors Chymically extracted in which fixed Salt brought to a fluor is predominant and distilled by a gentle Fire out of Vinegar heavy Wood and some kind of Minerals have very restless Spirits whose Effluvia cannot extend themselves far And if they be distilled in B. M. nothing but Phlegme can be extracted The continent cause of a melancholick affection The antecedent cause of this Disease cometh from the serous parts of the Blood turning Acide And the Animal Spirits being tainted with an acide Affection proceeding from fixed Salt brought to a Fluor hath a great share in the production of Melancholick affections so that I humbly conceive that the antecedent and causes of this Disease do come from the serous parts of the Blood carried by the Carotide Arteries of the Cortical Glands and other Processes of the Brain degenerating from a mild into an acide and corroding disposition somewhat akin to Vinegar Alome Vitriol c. which doth vitiate the nervous Liquor and its more exalted Particles vulgarly called the Animal Spirits and disturb their regular motion rendring them restless and confused Whereupon followeth a depravation of the Superior and Inferior faculties of the Brain causing a Delirium attending Melancholy And it may be farther observed that steams flowing from acide Liquor are always in motion by reason the Spirit of Vinegar Vitriol Sea-Salt do perpetually evaporate as the Particles of fluid Salt have no coherence with heterogeneous Particles and are always restless in their nature and in perpetual motion Whereupon we may suppose with great probability The Acide Spirits of Vegetables do resemble the Acide serous parts of the Blood debasing the Animal Liquor and Spirits that the acide Spirits of Vegetables and Minerals put into a Glass Hermetically sealed have their steams carried about the sides of the Glass in a circular motion and do very much resemble the serous parts of the Blood depressed with fixed Salt and Vitriolick Atomes debasing the nervous Liquor the Vehicle and subject of Animal Spirits which are rendred unquiet in their passage by the sides of the Filaments constituting the Fibrils of the Brain Hence flow constant and troublesome Thoughts that discompose the Fancy and the rational and sensitive Faculties as the Animal Spirits are composed of acide unquiet Particles which do not duly actuate and irradiate the nervous Compage of the Brain Out of the acide Spirit Chymically prepared the Effluvia do not highly ascend beyond the surface of the Liquors and only accoast the adjacent Bodies and make no approach to those that are seated at a distance so
antecedâ—nt cause it indicates the depuration of the Blood by making it good clear and volatil by taking away its gross sulphureous and saline Particles whis is effected by opening the obstructions of the Liver Spleen Kidneys and Uterus whose various substance are different Systemes of numerous Glands the several Colatories of the Blood And as to the discomposure of the Mind having great influence upon the Vital and Animal Liquor and Spirits we are to divert the passions of Sorrow and Fear attended with Cares and deep Thoughts with pleasant company and ingenious and merry Discourses and Thoughts by rendring them free and easy and by telling the Patient the causes of his dreadful apprehensions are removed wherupon the Melancholy immediately disappears Trallianus giveth an account of a Physician who fancied his Head to be cut off whereupon a Leaden Cap being ordered to be put upon his Head he felt the weight of the Lead which gave him the Sense of his Head and cured his vain fancy Another Patient imagined he had Frogs croking in his Belly which was the noise of Wind passing up and down his Bowels and was cured by Purgatives making great evacuations of Excrements into a Close stool wherein the Physician advised Frogs to be cast and desired the Patient to view the Frogs swimming in the Excrements which took away his melancholy apprehension of Frogs in his Belly I could add many more such instances of this Disease and their Cures but I will omit the trouble And the cause of this Disease being an ill mass of Blood clogged with gross A good Diet is proper for the cure of this Disease adust and saline Recrements a good Diet may be advised to render it laudable as Meats of good nourishment of a moist temper of a thin substance and easy digestion and not flatulent as the flesh of Chickens Pullets Capons Partridges Lamb Mutton Veal c. Of Fish Whitings Perch Flounders Gudgeons and of new laid Eggs boiled or roasted rear Of Herbs Borage Bugloss Lettuce Endive Spinach Of Fruits Figs Almonds Pineae Pistachia Corants As also in this Disease Suppings are beneficial as endued with a cooling and moist temper which do contemperate and moisten and dissolve sulphureous and saline Recrements such as Water-gruel Barley-gruel Barley-cream thin Broths made with Oatmeal Barley and cooling and moistning Herbs And on the other side All salt and smoked Meats is bad in melancholy distempers all gross Salt and smoaked Flesh must be forborn as Beef Pork Goat Hare And of Fowls chiefly Geese Ducks Of Fish Salmon Skaite Thornback Sturgeon and all other gross Fish hard of digestion And of Herbs Cabbage Coleworts Colly-Flowers and the like And above all a thin and temperate Air is to be chosen which attenuates cooleth and moisteneth the Blood and taketh off its dry saline and hot and gross sulphureous Particles and restoreth it to its bounty and purity The cure of Melancholy is of as great difficulty as importance The cure of Melancholy is very difficult in reference to its many evident procatartick and continent causes attended with many and dreadful symptomes whereupon the remedies and method of Physick do admit great variation The evident causes consisting in the passions of the Mind The way to cure the passions of the Mind are to be allayed by all means imaginable as sorrow by a pleasant converse and indignation and anger by excellent precepts of meekness and humility which sometimes do appease the immoderate passions of the Mind And a good Counsel of a Spiritual guide and intimate Friends do often take off vain scruples in Spiritual Matters and calm the great storms of afflicted wounded and despairing Souls that the bones which God hath broken may rejoyce The Therapeutick method in this Disease doth offer us Three Indications the Curatory relates to the Disease and its continent cause the Preservatory consisting in the Procatarctick and evident causes and the Vital which is founded Viribus conservandis As to the Disease which is chiefly caused by an ill Succus nervosus The acide disposition of the nervous Liquor is much corrected by Antescorbuticks and clouded Animal Spirits proceeding from acide and fixed saline Particles of the Blood spoiling the purity of the Spirits of the Brain it doth indicate proper Antiscorbutick Medicines prepared with Garden and Sea Scorby-grass Brooklime Water-cresces Pine Firr mixed with Millepedes in the distillation of Milk Mum c. or prepared by way of the said Juyces of Plants mired with that of Oranges which refineth and giveth them a pleasant Taste As also Antescorbutick Syrupes or Conserves Chaly beate are proper in this Disease made up with Powder of Steel prepared with Sulphure are beneficial in this Disease as they depurate the serous parts of the Blood the Materia substrata of Animal Liquor and Spirits And in reference to the preservatory Indication A Vein may be freely opened in a melancholly disposition labouring of much Blood Leeches may be also applied to the Anus A proper course of Physick must be used in the obstruction of the Vterus by taking away the antecedent cause founded in the quantity of ill Blood a Clyster may be premised and a Vein freely opened as also Leeches may be applyed to the Haemorrhoids to divert the Blood and to produce a natural evacuation by those vessels from the Head and the Saphaena is proper to be opened in Women labouring with the suppression of the Menstrua As also a proper method of Physick may be given before propounded in the diseases of the Uterus in order to purge the Blood of its grossness and to open the obstructed Blood-vessels of the Womb. Vomitories also prove very advantageous in melancholy affecting the Brain as emptying a foul Stomach of gross Phlegme which is viscous indigested Chyle adhering to the inward coat of the Ventricle and other acide Recrements which spoil or weaken at least the concoctive faculty of the Stomach making an ill Chyle Vomitories also very much refine the Blood by opening the Cystick and Choledock Ducts and that of the Pancreas whereupon various kinds of Recrements are discharged into the Guts In strong Bodies Oxymel of Squills Wine of Squills mixed with some few grains of White Hellebore Vomitories are good to refine the Blood Purgatives are proper in this Disease may be given in Carduus Posset-drink and frequent draughts of it during the time of Vomiting As also an infusion of Crocus metallorum or Emetick Tartar of Mynsichte or Salt of Vitriol or Sulphure of Antimony Purgatives are celebrated with good success in this Disease as discharging gross acide and saline Recrements of the Blood except they be strong which give great annoyance to the Body as increasing the fermentation of ill Humors and weakening the Tone of the Blood and vitiating the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits often accompanied with Convulsive motions Whereupon I most humbly conceive it most agreeable to Reason in this
are easily thrown into irregular Motions upon an immoderate affluxe of nervous Liquor The Second Reason may be because Children have an ill mass of Blood as wanting Respiration in the Uterus whereupon the Blood having but a slow motion for want of Air is not well depurated from Recrements in the Colatories of the Liver Kidneys c. so that it groweth gross and faeculent as often oppressed with saline and sulphureous Particles which vitiate the Animal Liquor and Spirits and highly discompose the tender systeme of Nerves seated in the Brain Viscera Muscular and Membranous parts of the whole Body The impurity of the Blood vitiating the Succus Nervosus which is contracted in the Uterus plainly appears because in the Month many Red spots commonly called the Red Gum do beset the Cutis and are the Efflorence or foul parts of the Blood secerned from the more refined in the outaneous Glands transmitted through the excretory Ducts into the Cuticula And if the coming out of these Recrements somewhat resembling the Measles be stopped these foul Humors have recourse to the Glands of the Palate and Tongue wherein they produce the Apthae which are small Ulcers of the Oral Glands discharging the foulness of the Blood which being cured by astringent Medicines repel the serous and saline parts of the Blood whereupon they having a recourse to the Brain do spoil the Nervous Liquor and make the Animal Spirits very unquiet productive of Convulsive motions beginning in the upper Apartiment which are afterward imparted to the other parts of the Body The Blood of Embryos being vitiated in the Womb is sometimes thin and serous and other times more gross and viscide The Blood of Embryos is depraved in the Vterus which do both participate of divers kinds of preternatural Salts and Sulphurs which being of a Fermentative nature as consisting of Heterogeneous Elements endeavouring to subdue each other are very much exalted in Children presently after the Birth by the nitrous Particles of Air whereupon Nature being highly aggrieved by the disputes of contrary Principles of the Blood endeavoureth when they cannot be mutually reconciled by a happy harmony to throw them from the Center to the Circumference by greater and smaller Arteries terminating into the cutaneous Glands wherein the offensive Recrements being severed from the more benigne and vital parts of the Blood are discharged by excretory Ducts into the Cutis and Cuticula which giveth a great ease and repose to Nature and often prevents Convulsive motions The Blood is debased as a secretion is not duly made in the various Glands both of the Cutis and Viscera and the Blood is often oppressed with so great a quantity or so ill a quality of ill Humors that Nature is not able to make a secretion of faeculent from its more profitable parts in the cutaneous Glands or those of the Kidney Liver and other Colatories of the Blood whereupon the Blood is transmitted from the Heart by the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta and internal Carotide Arteries into the Cortical Glands of the Brain wherein it tainteth the nervous Liquor which is first carried into the Extremities of the nervous Fibrils lodged in the Cortex and afterward into the fibrous Compage of the Corpus Callosum Fornix Corpora Striata Medulla oblongata Spinalis and thence by many pairs and plexes of Nerves into all the Viscera and Muscular parts of the Body wherein the Succus Nervosus and Animal Spirits being acted with flatulent heterogeneous elastick Particles do unnaturally puff up the Filaments of Nerves and render them unquiet till they have quitted their load by many violent concussive motions which I humbly conceive are performed after this manner The manner of Convulsive motions by various expansions and contractions of Nerves wherein the restless Animal Spirits residing in the Nervous Liquor infested with turbulent elastick parts do insinuate into the narrow Interstices of the Filaments constituting the Nerves and enlarge their spaces and puff up the body of the Nerves whereupon their Filaments being sensible of their burden do highly contract their enlarged Interstices to expel the unquiet Animal Liquor and Spirits and to reduce themselves to their former posture and repose as most agreeable to nature The causes productive of Convulsive motions The First head of Convulsive motions may be chiefly reduced to Two Heads the First may be whatsoever doth raise the immoderate Fermentation of the Blood which may proceed in sucking Children from the Heterogeneous parts of the Nurses Milk endued with nitro-saline or sulphureous Elements or from too large a quantity of Milk received from the Breast into the Ventricle of the Child endued with acide saline Particles vitiating the concoction of the Aliment which being conveyed through several kinds of Milky vessels into the mass of Blood which is rendred highly fermentative by contrary principles proceeding from the ill concocted Chyle which being associated with the vital Liquor is transmitted by the carotide Arteries into the Glands of the Cortex wherein it infecteth the Succus Nervosus and its more refined parts the Animal Spirits with elastick flatulent Particles highly discomposing the fibrous Compage of the Brain and other parts of the Body with violent agitations As to the Second Head The effervescence of the Blood is very much increased by ill Air. or cause of Convulsive Motions the effervescence of the Blood is also much intended by the heat and ill qualities of the Air and by the changes of the new and full of the Moon which do promote the undue Fermentation of the Blood chiefly founded in Heterogeneous Particles and different Elements producing great Contests and undue intestine Motions in the Blood which being transmitted to the Brain confound the Animal Liquor and Spirits and give a high disturbance to its fine contexture of numerous Fibrils putting the First into various irregular motions which are afterward transmitted into the systeme of Nerves sometime seated in one place and othertimes in another Convulsive motions may also proceed from Worms and sharp Humors Convulsive motions proceeding from Worms vellicating the tender Fibrils of the Intestines which draw into consent the Plexes of Nerves lodged in the Mesentery and other parts of the Body But the Concusions of the Muscular parts of the Face Limbs Convulsive motions are originally derived from the Brain and Trunk of the Body have their Origen chiefly from the great agitations of the fibrous contexture of the Brain and seldom from the disaffections obstructions and ill coctions of the viscera by reason when the lowest and middle Apartiments of many young Children have been opened and a great inspection made into the Viscera they have found them very sound and afterward the Skull having been taken off and the Processes of the Brain viewed they have been discovered to be immersed in serous Liquor full of saline and acide Particles taking away the bounty of the Succus Nervosus and Animal Spirits and rendring
with various Divarications all parts of the Body as so many Conduit-pipes to bedew them for their Refinement and Perfection to give them Heat Life and Nutrition The Nerves are so many Systemes of Filaments The Nerves are Systemes of many Filaments making a rare Compage containing nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits the great Ministers of the Soul in the Brain the Presence-Chamber of this Noble Emperess where she hath her great Rule consisting in her governing Faculties and the exercise of their Noble and meaner Operations whose Commands are given by Nerves sprouting out of the ambient parts of the Brain transmitted to the Muscles as Engines of Motion obeying the Dictates of the Understanding and Will The Nerves being animated with animal Liquor and Spirits The Nerves are invigorated by Animal Liquor are rendred Tense by their elastick Particles invigorating the carnous Fibres of Muscles by whose various Contractions the different motions of the Trunk and Limbs are celebrated The use of the motions of the Body in order to the acquisition of Aliment to support our Nature or in reference to converse to Treat our selves with the amicable Society and pleasant Discourses of our Friends or in point of other concerns tending to the preservation of our Fortunes and happiness of our Life The Lymphaeducts being the finest Contextures of all the Vessels relating to the whole body composed of most minute Fibrils finely spun and so closely interwoven The Lymphaeducts are the finest contextures of all the vessels that they seem to be one entire uniform transparent substance These most curious Aquaeducts sport themselves in numerous branches enameling and shading the Blood-vessels carrying a Lympha or thin transparent Liquor The use of the Lymphaeducts the recrement of the Blood and nervous Juyce secerned in the lowest Apartiment in the Glands of the Spleen Liver and other Glands of the said Venter into the common receptacle The use of the Lympha is to dilate the Chyle where it espouseth a union with the Chyle and dilutes it clammy Nature and promotes its motion through the Thoracick Ducts into the subclavian Vessels And many other Lymphaeducts of the Lungs and other parts lodged in the higher Apartiments do transmit a thin Liquor from numerous minute Glands of the Viscera and Muscles into the subclavian Vessels where it associates with the vital Liquor and attenuates its more gross clammy Matter and helps its progress through the Heart the rare engine of motion and the most numerous Sanguiducts branched throughout all parts of the body Having discoursed the solid similar parts I will now Treat of the fluide the principal giving Life Sense Motion and Nourishment to the more solid similars which are various Liquors of which some are Alimentary The various Liquors of the Body and others Recrements secerned from the more noble Juyces in the Viscera The first is Chyle or Chyme the Materia substrata of the vital Liquor out of whose more soft albuminous part the nervous juyce is constituted Chyle is a white milky Liquor extracted out of Aliment The Chyle is the Materia substrata of the Blood first broken into small Particles and impregnated with salival Liquor and the Nitro-sulphureous Particles of Air in the Mouth and afterward transmitted to the Stomach where it receiveth a farther elaboration by virtue of heat and serous Ferments endued with volatil saline Particles coming from the vital and nervous Liquor which being insinuated into the body of the Aliment do open its Compage and dissolve the bond of mixtion and colliquate the Aliment wherein the more spirituous saline and sulphureous Particles are severed from the more gross and do embody with a liquid substance The motion of the Chyle making this milky extract commonly called Chyle which is transmitted through the Intestines and milky vessels into the common receptacle from whence it is carried through the thoracick Ducts into subclavian vessels and afterwards through the Vena Cava into the right ventricle of the Heart where the Chyme being broken into small Particles as highly dashed against the walls of the Heart is impelled by the pulmonary Artery into the substance of the Lungs where it mixeth with the Nitro-sulphureous Particles of Air much advantaging the nature of Blood which is composed of a hot red crassament and of a more mild cristalline Liquor The Purple Juyce is furnished with numerous white Filaments The parts of Blood which are not discernible as swallowed up in an opaque Red Liquor except when a Vein being opened the Blood is received into warm water The composition of the Red Crassament which washing the Red Crassament from the serous Liquor causeth the round white Filaments to discover themselves by swimming on the surface of the water by virtue of these Fibres the Red Crassament being extravasated coagulates into a more solid body and acquires a Scarlet or Purple hue in the Vessels as endued with subacide and sulphureous Particles often circulated and dissolved by the continued heat of the Blood which may be made evident in Chymistry whereby the saline and chiefly the acide Particles being mixed with sulphureous do give a Red tincture as in the distillation of the salt of Nitre which aboundeth with sulphureous Particles And by the affusion of a few drops of oil of Vitriol or Sulphure upon Liquors or Conserves that have only a blush of Red immediately ariseth a deep tincture of Red. The Christalline Liquor of the Blood and its nature The Cristalline Liquor is of a different nature from the Red Crassament as being of a soft albuminous transparent Ingeny and will not evaporate like serous potulent Liquor but resembleth the white of an Egg which being held over the fire in a Spoon will coagulate into a white substance This mild nutricious part of the Blood being associated with the red Crassament is transmitted by the carotide Arteries into the substance of the cortical Glands wherein it is secerned from the more hot and Purple Liquor and then encountreth with Air conveyed by the Nostrils into the Ventricles and from thence through the Pores of the Corpus callosum into the Cortex of the Brain The Origen of the Animal Liquor which highly exalteth the albuminous Liquor with nitrous and also aethereal Particles derived from planetary influxes This Animal Liquor is very much improved by volatil saline Particles adhering to the sides of the vessels relating to the cortical Glands which render it brisk and active The Animal Liquor is impregnated with volatil saline Particles in the Cortex The other Liquors are Recrements of the Blood whereupon it being enobled with spirits becomes a fit Minister of the operations of the Soul The other Liquors being the Recrements of the Blood and nervous Juyce I will Treat of with the Viscera as being colatories of the more noble Liquors seated in the several Stories of the Body Having given you a History of the similar parts as the first integrals of the Body taken asunder and handled apart I will now set them
Crassament and embodied with a Liquor coming out of the terminations of the Nerves are received into the extremities of the Splenick Veins and transmitted through the Vena porta into the Liver wherein it serverh as a subacide Ferment to assist the secretion of the bilious from the more refined Particles of the Blood Another more noble piece of Housholdstuffe of the lowest story is the Liver The Liver is covered with a thin Membrane covered with a thin Membrane made up of many small Fibrils finely interwoven affixed to the Diaphragme by the suspensory Ligament It is furnished with variety of Vessels Arteries Veins The Liver is composed of many Vessels and excretory Ducts and congloberated Glands Nerves Lymphaeducts and several kinds of bilarian Ducts and its substance is composed of many Lobules beset with numerous conglomerated and conglobated Glands into the first are implanted the branches of the Porta and Cava and many nervous Fibrils as also the Origens of the excretory Vessels belonging to the Ductus Cholidocus and Bladder of Gall whereupon the Blood being associated with the subacide Ferment of the Spleen is transmitted by the terminations of the Porta into the substance of the conglomerated Glands wherein some of the bilious being secerned from the more noble Particles of the Blood are carried through the excretory Ducts into the Bladder of Gall and other more gross parts of Choler are received into the extremities of biliaran Vessels and carried into the Ductus cholidochus and from thence by another Duct into the Duodenum The bilious humor secerned from the Blood into the conglomerated Glands is composed of many Elements Choler is composed of many Elements a very little Spirit and more of Sulphure which is the adust oily part of the Blood as also of Salt and earthy Particles diluted with Water which renders it fluide The qualities of Choler The bilious Recrements of the Blood are endued with a hot and drying detersive aperitive quality and have a power by virtue of the saline Element of resisting putrefaction Another recrement of the Blood is called Lympha which I humbly conceive is produced in the Liver as well as other parts of the Body when the Blood is transmitted out of the Stomach Spleen Guts c. by branches of the Porta into the body of the small conglobated Glands The Lympha is severed in the conglobated Glands of the Liver from the purer parts of the Blood wherein the more thin and watry parts are severed from the vital and nervous Liquor and received into the extremities of the Lymphaeducts twining about the surface of the branches of the Porta and thence take their progress through the Mesentery and exonerate their limpide Liquor into the common Receptacle wherein it associates with the Chyle and dilutes its more thin substance Whereupon I conceive the Lympha to be a Fermentative Liquor secerned from the serous part of the Blood The Lympha is a fermentative Liquor and thin Particles of nervous Juyce in the conglobated Glands of the Liver and other parts of the Body and this limpide Liquor is impregnated with various Elements of volatil saline and some sulphureous Particles which render it active and fermentative much assisting the intestine motion of the Blood The Pancreas is endued with an oblong depressed Figure The Pancreas is invested with a fine Coat beginning in small and ending in more large dimensions and encircled with one common Coat and composed of many small Glands encompassed with proper Membranes and are conjoyned to each other by many Vessels and Fibrils and every small Gland is a collective body of Arteries Veins Nerves and excretory Vessels which do terminate into one common Duct The use of the Pancreas is to be a Colatory of the Blood The use of the Pancreas which is carried by the Caeliack Artery into the body of the Glands wherein a mild sweet Recrement is severed from the serous Liquor of the Blood and nervous Juyce and received first into the Origens of the excretory Vessels and afterward transmitted into one common Trunk terminating into the Duodenum This peculiar recrement of the Blood and nervous Liquor being impregnated with volatil The Pancreatick Liquor saline and sulphureous Particles is thrown into the Intestines and meets with the Chyle embodied with the most milde bilious Particles coming from the Liver these various Liquors of it and the Pancreas as consisting of various heterogeneous Elements raise a new fermentation in the Chyle coming into the Intestines from the Stomach and much exalt its nature by rendring it more white and thin which hath been clearly discovered by those who have strictly inspected the Ingeny of Chyle and have observed the difference of that of the Stomach and Intestines The Kidneys being twins in likeness resemble a French Bean in Figure The Figure of the Kidneys and are encircled with a thin Membrane framed of many fine Fibrils curiously interwoven and are composed of many Globulis as so many Kidneys made up of Arteries Veins Nerves urinary Ducts to which a multitude of Glands are appendant which are so many Systemes of variety of vessels as Colatories of the Blood straining it from its watry saline parts The Composition of the Kidneys The manner how the watry saline parts of the Blood are secerned from its more pure parts which I humbly conceive is accomplished after this manner The Blood is transmitted by the termination of the emulgent Arteries into the substance of the Glands wherein its serous saline parts are severed from the vital Liquor entertained into the extremities of the emulgent Veins and the salt watry Particles being commensurate in shape and size to the Origens of the urinary Ducts are received into them and from thence conveyed into the Carunculae papillares in which many urinary Ducts are united into the Pelvis as a large common Duct and are thence transmitted by the Ureters as by two Aquaeducts into the Bladder as into a Cistern where it is contained till a fit occasion of excretion presents it self to ease the Bladder of its burden This Serum commonly called Urine is the watry part of the Aliment concocted in the Stomach The use of Serum of the Blood and being associated with the Chyle is afterward imparted to the Blood to make it thin and fluide whereby it becomes more fit for motion and when the Serum groweth troublesome as exuberant in quantity Nature transmits it with the Blood by the emulgent Arteries into the substance of the Renal Glands wherein the Blood is defaecated from its saline watry parts discharged by the Ureters into the Bladder The Organs of Generation in Man and Woman are the next in order and the lowest in place as well as our esteem but great in themselves full of wonders as consisting of variety of parts disposed in elegant order speaking the most wise contrivance of the Omnipotent Agent by which we propagate our selves in others and make our selves immortal The parts in Generation of Man The parts
we may make our most humble Addresses to the Throne of Grace to Celebrate God's Glory and present our own needs to our Eternal and most gracious Creator and Redeemer God out of his most signal Love and Mercy did highly espouse Man's happiness in refining the Oeconomy of Nature The New Covenant is founded upon more Gracious concessions and clearer promises then the Old by establishing a new and better Covenant with him founded upon better terms and upon more gracious concessions of greater and clearer promises of the Gospel giving us both the History of our Saviour's Life as our great Example to imitate and of his most dolorous Passion and ignominious Death upon the Cross whereon he freely offered himself as a Propitiatory Sacrifice for the Sins of the whole World And did institute two most holy Ordinances of Baptism and the Lord's Supper that in the first the Laver of Regeneration we might be washed by his most precious Blood from the guilty pollutions of Original Sin and in the second the more high Sanction of the Holy Eucharist we might spiritually by Faith in a most mysterious manner eat his Flesh and drink his Blood and thereby participate the Merits of his most bitter Death and Passion by whose mediation and the supernatural aids of his holy Spirit we may first rise from the death of Sin to the life of Righteousness and afterward by the power of his Resurrection we may rise from the Grave to accompany him to Glory To God the Father Son and Holy Ghost to the Three Persons in one Godhead be given all Honor Glory Eucharist and Adoration for ever and ever Amen The Enumeration of the CHAPTERS of both VOLUMES The Contents of Diverse Hypotheses relating to Experimental Philosophy of diverse CHAPTERS Chap. 1. TReats of the Parts and Dispositions of Humane Bodies described Mechanically under General and Particular Notions Page 1. Chap. 2. Of Natural and Artificial Fermentation of Liquors as holding Analogy with those of Man's Body p. 17 Chap. 3. Of various Ferments productive of Intestine Motion in reference to Alimentary and vital Liquors p. 22 Chap. 4. Of the Fermentative Power of Aethereal and Aereal Particles advancing the Chyle and Blood of Humane Bodies p. 28 Chap. 5. Of the nature of Blood and how it is supported by Chyle and refined by Glands p. 41 The Contents of the First Part of the First Book consisting of Thirty one Chapters Chap. 1. OF the Outward Skin p. 45 Chap. 2. Of the Inward Skin p. 48 Chap. 3. Of the Skin of Fish and Shells and Skin of Insects and of the Cuticle and Bark of Plants Page 49 Chap. 4. Of the Cuticle and Bark of Plants p. 52 Chap. 5. Of Pathology specified in many Disaffections and Diseases of the Cuticula and Cutis the Outward and Inward Skin p. 54 Chap. 6. Of diverse Diseases incident to the Skin commonly called Itch Scabs and Scurfe p. 59 Chap. 7. Of the Cure of cutaneous Diseases p. 62 Chap. 8. Of Freckles Spots Morphew and the like p. 68 Chap. 9. Of the Itch and Scabs p. 73 Chap. 10. The Cure of a Cutaneous Disease the Leprosy of the Greeks p. 72 Chap. 11. Of the Membrana Adiposa vulgarly called Carnosa of the Fat Membrane p. 73 Chap. 12. De Membrana Musculorum Communi of the common Integument of the Muscles p. 78 Chap. 13. Of the History of the Muscles Mechanically describing their Figures and Integral parts p. 80 Chap. 14. Of the Muscles of the Belly and their several motions p. 87 Chap. 15. Of Muscular Motion p. 99 Chap. 16. Of the manner of Muscular Motion p. 101 Chap. 17. Of progressive Motion p. 106 Chap. 18. Of the several Centers Origens Insersertions and Actions of Muscles relating to progressive motion p. 109 Chap. 19. Of the progressive Motion of Four-footed Animals p. 115 Chap. 20. Of the Flying of Birds p. 118 Chap. 21. Of the Flying of Insects p. 123 Chap. 22. Of the Swimming of Fish p. 124 Chap. 23. Of the creeping of Animals p. 127 Chap. 24. Of Pathology relating to the Muscles of the Body 133 Chap. 25. Of Tumors incident to the Muscular parts p. 142 Chap. 26. Of a Rheumatisme p. 151 Chap. 27. Of the Peritonaeum or Rim of the Belly p. 161 Chap. 28. Of the Pathology of the Peritonaeum and Cavity of the Belly p. 164 Chap. 29. Of a Tympanitis p. 171 Chap. 30. Of the Omentum or Caul p. 179 Chap. 31. Of the Pathology of the Caul p. 190 The Contents of the Second Part of the First Book consisting of Fifty three Chapters Chap. 1. OF the Three Apartiments of Man's Body p. 197 Chap. 2. Of the Lips and Cheeks p. 202 Chap. 3. Of the Gooms and Teeth 207 Chap. 4. Of the Pathology of the Teeth 211 Chap. 5. Of the Pathology and Cures of the Teeth Chap. 6. Of the pains of the Teeth 215 Chap. 7. Of the Palate of Man and other Animals 219 Chap. 8. Of the Tongue of Man 224 Chap. 9. Of the Sense of Tasting 231 Chap. 10. Of the manner of Speaking 236 Chap. 11. Of Spittle 239 Chap. 12. Of the Muscles and Glands of the Cheeks 243 Chap. 13. Of the Muscles of the lower Jawe 244 Chap. 14. Of the manner of Chewing preparing the Aliment for Concoction 245 Chap. 15. Of the uses of Chewing 246 Chap. 16. The Pathology of the Tongue Palate and Uvula 249 Chap. 17. Of the Gulet 252 Chap. 18. Of the Gulet of Man 258 Chap. 19. The Pathology of the Gulet 260 Chap. 20. Of the Stomach 264 Chap. 21. Of the Stomachs of Beasts 269 Chap. 22. Of the Stomachs of Birds 272 Chap. 23. Of the Stomach of Fish Page 276 Chap. 24. Of the Appetite of Hunger Page 279 Chap. 25. Of the Appetite of Thirst Page 282 Chap. 26. The Pathology of the Appetitive Faculty relating to the Stomach Page 287 Chap. 27. Of the Retentive Power of the Stomach Page 290 Chap. 28. The Pathology of the Retentive Faculty relating to the Stomach Page 294 Chap. 29. Of Chylification Page 296 Chap. 30. The Pathology of the Heat relating to the Stomach Page 299 Chap. 31. Of the Nervous Liquor as a Ferment belonging to the Stomach in order to Chylification Page 301 Chap. 32. Of the serous Ferment of the Stomach Page 305 Chap. 33. Of the Matter of Chylification Page 309 Chap. 34. Of the manner of Chylification Page 112 Chap. 35. Pathology of the Concoctive Faculty of the Stomach Page 319 Chap. 36. Of the Expulsive Faculty of the Stomach Page 329 Chap. 37. Of the Pathology and Cures of the Expulsive Faculty of the Stomach Page 334 Chap. 38. Of the Intestines of Man Page 344 Chap. 39. Of the Guts of Beasts Page 355 Chap. 40. Of the Guts of Birds Page 357 Chap. 41. Of the Guts of Fish Page 358 Chap. 42. Of the Guts of Insects Page 362 Chap. 43. Of the Concoctive Faculty of the Guts p. 363 Chap. 44. Of the Expulsive Faculty of the Guts
twentieth part of the Dimensions making up the body of the Hony-Comb and a Spunge cannot be squeesed by the greatest violence into the twentieth part of its Expansion And then I pray consider what proportion the twentieth part holdeth to that of two thousand Again to obviate this difficulty Air cannot be conceived a mass of thin Bubbles filled with empty Spaces Air may be thought to be a huge Mass of thin Bubbles filled with empty Spaces and not with Air and then I conceive this phancy is like it self nothing but a Bubble for who can apprehend these Bubbles which are nothing but void Spaces can impart any Extension or Repletion And who can understand Bubbles made up of emptiness capable of Distension And if these Bubbles be any thing they be expansions of thin bodies and this Hypothesis of a Vacuum falleth upon a supposition these Bubbles big with a Vacuum to be subtle bodies Light cannot be freely disfused through the bubbling compage of Air which being various in Rarity and Density would make unkindly refractions and pervert the order of Vision they will run counter to all the other Phaenomena of Air. For through this bubbling cloudy Mass the Rays of Light cannot be freely diffused and will give a check to the more free motion of bodies which will be more nimbly celebrated in the more thin and pliable substance of Air and moreover this bubbling Compage being various in Rarity and Density will make many different unkindly Refractions and so pervert the order of Vision of which one Instance may be given in froth which is nothing but an innumerable company of Bubbles made of Air encircled with many fine watry investitures which being of different substance cast a shadow and obscure the resemblance of visible Objects which speaketh the unreasonableness of the supposition of a Vacuum as framed of Bubbles swimming up and down the Air and therefore to make good the continuity of it blended with so many empty Spaces it may be thought somewhat probable by them to contrive a Network posture of parts not to be formed according to a plain only but every way according to a retiform contexture A Vacuum in Air would spoil its elastick quality a Vacuum having no power when condensed to reduce it self to to an Expansion which is found in Air. and that the compage of Air should be composed of Minute Filaments in whose interstices two thousand parts of void Spaces to one of Matter must be included with this supposition that the Filaments of Air may be invigorated with an elastick quality It being most certainly true that if Air be overmuch confined by some ambient body behind the sphear of its proper rarity it will when set at liberty nimbly recoil with a kind of spring to its natural Expansion and so this Resistance cannot be attributed to a Vacuum which cannot be capable of any vertue or power seeing it is nothing but to the small Filaments of Air as to its arms by which it reduceth it self to its proper Extension At last it may be discoursed whether Air may be conceived to be made up of innumerable Particles playing up and down in a Vacuum as Atomes or Sun-beams frisk up and down in Air but it will be difficult to sustain this phancy because the Air being transparent doth not hold analogy with a body divided into innumerable parts for a deform position of manifold parts residing in the Air maketh different refractions in the Rays of Light as is very conspicuous in the Air intermingled with Smoak and Clouds which cast a shadow so that this Hypothesis of innumerable Particles flying up and down would intercept the free course of the Sun-beams in the Air and take away the clear Sun-shine And lastly A Vacuum is repugnant to the aeconomy of Nature in which heavy Bodies move upwards and light downwards to secure the order of the parts of the Universe from interruption or vacuity and above all a Vacuum as apprehended to be a space free from all bodies is repugnant to the wise Aeconomy of Nature whose parts are so well disposed by an essential wisdom in so excellent a frame and manner that upon all occasions they use their utmost endeavours for a mutual preservation whereupon private bodies move contrary to their peculiar inclinations heavy things moving upward and light pressing downward to preserve as fellow members the great Body of the Universe in securing its continued or contiguous order from all interruption and vacuity And now I most humbly beg pardon for giving so largely learned Doctor Glyssons and my own Sentiments relating to a Vacuum which I have taken all the freedom to offer because some of this late Age being given to Novelties are beyond reason fond of this opinion a mere Chymaera Wherefore I humbly conceive I have good reason to believe that rare Bodies are not interspersed with void Interstices because their substance is highly extended as having large Dimensions comprised in a small portion of Matter which is so far expanded that it is every way commensurate to the place in which it is reposed and that very rare Bodies having great Expansions are beset with numerous Interstices which are not empty Spaces but Pores and Cavities fraught with subtle Bodies as frothy Blood contained in the Interstices and Cavities of the Pulmonary Vessels is very much expanded because its numerous Pores are very much interspersed with the elastick particles of Air and Vital Spirits when the Lungs are very much extended in inspiration in which the Cavities and Pores of the Bronchia and Vesicles grow big after they have received free draughts of Air. But on the other side Bodies are termed dense when small dimensions are lodged in a great quantity of matter as heavy and having small Cavities or Pores Bodies are termed dense when they are compact as having a more solid Consistence and as heavy Bodies have small Dimensions lodged in a great quantity of Matter and thereupon have a more close Compage as the bones of a Humane Body which have minute Pores And corporeal Substances are rendred Dense when their Pores and Cavities are streightned by Compression in which subtle expansive Bodies are turned out of their Receptacles as in Expiration the Lungs may be said to be made more Dense when the elastick parts of Air are excluded and the Bronchia and Vesicles are lessened in their Pores and Cavities and so the body of the Lungs grow more dense and compact as reduced into a smaller circumference whereupon the Blood and the Lungs are modelled into several Figures obtaining divers situations produced by various motions of Rarefaction and Condensation in which no loco-motive motion is celebrated implying the motion of the whole from place to place but only a mutation of the position of the parts in reference to each other as they have a greater distance is more disunited and so grow more porous which is filled up by volatil bodies in
Rarefaction as Blood floating in the void spaces of the Pulmonary Vessels is rendred first porous by Heat and afterward as fraught with subtle particles of Air imparting greater dimensions to that Spumous Blood which afterwards groweth Condensed gaining a more solid substance and when circulated in the Veins it is divested of its frothy temper and florid colour as despoiled of its more volatil Particles of Air which groweth effoete and dispirited when resident any time in the Mass of Blood and is discharged as I conceive by Transpiration and then the Blood making a new recourse to the Lungs is rarefied and impregnated with more spirits as reinspired with fresh particles of Air. And now a difficulty may be started How these motions of Rarefaction and Condensation can be accomplished Gassendus is of an opinion that Rarefaction cannot be produced without the mediation of many empty spaces which supposeth a Vacuum and hath been already discoursed how inconsistent it is with the order of Nature to which it offereth a great violation Rarefaction and Condensation are opposite motions of Rarity and Density And as to both the opposite motions referring to Rarity and Density Learned Doctor Glisson asserteth that that they cannot be made without penetration of Substances in his Seventeenth Chapter of Condensation and Rarefaction Fateor ait vir eximius absque penetratione substantiarum hosce motus intelligi non posse etenim in condensatione materia retrahit suas partes exteriores in interiores interiores proportionaliter densiores fiunt In Rarefactione partes prius intra alias conclusae egrediuntur locumque sibi peculiarem exposcunt rariores fiunt This great Person as accomplished with Virtue and Learning saith In Condensation the matter retracts her ambient parts inward and contrariwise in Rarefaction the inward parts have a recourse outward That it cannot be understood how the motions of Condensation and Rarefaction can be made without penetration of Substances because in Condensation the matter retracteth her outward parts inwards whereupon the inward are proportionably rendred more Condensed and in Rarefaction the parts confined within others have their recourse outward claiming to themselves a peculiar place are made more rare And in the next Chapter the excellent Author as Explicatory and Argumentative to reinforce his former Assertion addeth these words Verum enimvero si sola quantitas actualis sit causa impenetrabilitatis corporum eaque sit Naturaliter mutabilis quid impedit ne substantia materialis aliam substantiam mutata quantitate Dr. Glysson supposeth a penetration of Bodies to be made in Rarefaction and Condensation novaque simul assumpta utrisque Communis penetretur Prior quantitas impedire nequit quia eo momento quo unio fit evanescit nec subsequens quia resultat a materiis penetratis unitis Neque enim substantiarum unio hoc inhibet But in truth If actual quantity be the sole reason of impenetrability of Bodies and that is naturally alterable what hindreth but a material substance may penetrate another substance the quantity being changed a new one assumed common to both The first substance cannot hinder the Penetration because in a moment the union disappears when it was made and the subsequent quantity cannot be any impediment because it is the result of the penetrated bodies united neither doth the union of the penetrated Matter oppose the penetration of Bodies And that he may farther prove the Hypothesis of penetration of Bodies Dr. Glysson's conjecture of three conditions required to the penetrations of Bodies he assigneth three Conditions requisite for it Tres itaque prorsus conditiones ad substantiarum penetrationem requiruntur prima est duarum aut plurium substantiarum localis unio sive transiens sive permanens secunda est depositio prioris quantitatis utriusque subjecti The first condition is a local Union of two or more Substances tertia assumptio quantitatis novae utrisque communis The first condition requisite to penetration of Bodies saith this profound Author is that there must be a local Union whether Transient or Permanent of two or more Substances The second is a laying down of the former quantity in both Substances The second is There must be a laying down of the former quantity in both Substances And the third is an Assumption of a new quantity in both I humbly conceive with the pardon of this Master of Reason that these conditions are not well suited to the description of Penetration of Substances given by Philosophers The third is in assumption of a new quantity in both Substances which is when two Bodies are lodged in the same place and therefore it is not sufficient to assign a local Union whether Permanent or Transient of two or more Substances to be a condition requisite to qualifie the penetration of Bodies because a local Union of two or more Substances supposeth only a contiguous union of divers Bodies A local Union of two or more Substances supposeth only a contiguous union of divers Bodies encircled with peculiar surfaces of Air as their proper places which averteth the penetration of Bodies supposing two Bodies to be in one place and that distinct Substances having different Dimensions should run through one another as to be made the same which is very improbable and cannot be accomplished without the interposition of Air which configureth it self to each Body giving them peculiar confines by severing one body from another so that every one hath a proper place conservative of it And every distinct substance hath different Dimensions which cannot be so modelled as to run absolutely through one another which is inconsistent because then the different Extensions of several bodies remaining so must so far comply with each other as to be made one and the same which implieth a Contradiction and upon that account two Bodies cannot be lodged in the same place which according to the Schools is a Penetration And the second and third Condition assigned to it that there must be a Deposition of the former quantity and an Assumption of a new in both and the second condition seemeth Preliminary to the third because it is necessary that both Bodies should be despoiled of the former quantity and have an Assumption of new in both And if both these be true yet the Point as I apprehend cannot be gained For suppose the former Condensed Substances to be now Rarefied or the two first Rarefied to be afterwards Condensed then they will obtain greater or less Dimensions and consequently greater or less places which are peculiar to each other as they are encircled with proper surfaces of Air. So that it is very unreasonable that two Bodies of different Extention should so far violate each others Dimensions as to be crouded by Penetration into the same numerical place and be surrounded with the same surface of Air proper only to one peculiar Body which is no way dispensable in Nature Whereupon I most humbly
conceive that the motions of Condensation and Rarefaction The motion of Condensation and Rarefaction may be made without penetration of Bodies which supposeth two or more Bodies in the same place because Rare Bodies may easily give way to the more Dense may be celebrated without a true penetration of Bodies which supposeth two Bodies to be seated in one proper place because the more rare Body may easily give way by contracting its extension and rendring its compage more Condensed which lesseneth all its former expansion and quantity An instance may be given in Air which is readily compressed upon the motion of a more solid Body by moving the Air inward or by making a greater or less retirement of its ambient parts into more inward recesses according to the greater or less Dimensions of a larger or smaller compact Body which giveth us an Instance of magnifying God's great Attributes of Wisdom and Power in composing the curious Fabrick of the World of Solid and Fluid of Dense and Rare parts wherein we may see and admire the wise Aeconomy of Nature so well disposed for Motion that Volatil and Fluid Bodies should submit themselves to the Commands and readily give way to the more Dense and Solid so that aethereal and airy Vapours and Watry and other rare Bodies do observe the motion of the more solid and heavy by confining themselves within more narrow Circumferences and by plucking in their Wings and by making one part more nearly retreat to another have a more near converse with each other And because solid Bodies have several gesses and various progresses and by quiting one place do obtain another in motion and so the compressed and confined Volatil and Fluid Bodies do gain their liberty and reimbrace each other and when their parted quarters haing quitted their former Guests do reunite and espouse each other But perhaps some may be so curious as to make an inspection into the Aeconomy of Nature in reference to Condensation and Rarefaction of Bodies Condensation and Rarefaction governed sometimes by External and sometimes by Internal Principles and by what conducts they are managed unto which it may be thus replied that these motions are sometimes governed by External sometimes by Internal Principles and sometimes partly by External and partly by Internal Principles and an Instance may be had of Natures conduct in Condensation and Rarefaction by External An instance of Condensation and Rarefaction by External Principles when the Blood moving from the centre to the Circumference is condensed by ambient Cold in Winter and rarefied in Summer by ambient heat when Blood the most generous Liquor as the fountain of Life addresseth it self by greater and less Arterial Channels from the Center to the Circumference from the inward to the outward Regions where its greater fervour receiveth manifest allays by the ambient cold and groweth more gross and heavy the plain effects of Condensation and the Vital Liquor is also affected with this quality when by too great a quantity it lodgeth it self into the substance of the Body as in Inflammations and Aedematous Tumours wherein the Blood is extravasated in the interstices of the Vessels which destroyeth its tone and Spirits by undue Stagnation whereupon it groweth gross and condensed And these Tumours are Cured often by Blood-letting and hot Fomentations and the making good the motion of the Blood giveth it tone and thinness of parts whence ariseth Rarefaction rendring it fit for local motion But the Vital Liquor is governed by Inward Principles Rarefaction governed by an Inward Principle in a due fermentation of the Blood caused by Volatil Saline and Sulphureous Particles when by a due Fermentation consisting of Volatil Saline and Sulphureous Particles exalted and rarefied as it is inspired with thin spirituous substances giving Life and Motion But the intestine motion of the Blood groweth degenerate by inward Principles when it is managed by fixed saline and gross Sulphureous Particles whereupon the Blood is depressed turning thick and condensed Condensation of the Blood by an ill fermentation made by fixed Saline and Sulphureous parts wherein the briskness of our Spirits and Life is much lessened and so we are rendred obnoxious to numerous Diseases much taking off the enjoyments of our selves and our pleasant Converse with others The various intestine motions proceeding from Inward Principles whereby Bodies contract or dilate themselves by gaining less or greater dimension in Condensation and Rarefaction are so many methods of Nature to speak greater Advancement and Perfection which is very visible in Production Vegetation Nutrition and augmentation of Plants and in the maturation of their Fruits and the like And in the generation of Animals by the colliquation of Seminal Liquor and their support in order to Life and Sensation in the concoction of aliment in the Stomach Intestines and by concocting it into Blood by assimilation in the Heart and Vessels and in the production of Animal Liquor and Spirits in the Cortex of the Brain Generation produced by Rarefaction and Condensation when the Seminal Liquor first expands it self by Colliquation and then groweth more and more condensed into divers parts by various Accretions In these spontaneous motions instituted by the great Architect Nature celebrates its various operations of Condensation and Rarefaction the Seminal Liquor growing at first colliquated and rarefied in its Expansion and afterward by divers steps of Condensation acquireth greater and greater Solidity and the parts of the Body as so many accretions made up of Saline Sulphureous and Earthy Particles do assume several kinds of Magnitude Figure and Consistence and from a Transparent Liquor are turned into the more condensed parts of Veins Arteries Nerves Fibres Membranes Cartilages and Bones and above all a thin limpid Liquor at first Colliquated is afterward as it were Coagulated into the white pulpy and fibrous substance of the Brain And all these several Accretions of different parts are so many degrees of Generation and the results of manifold Condensation Farthermore The Alimentary Vital and Nervous Liquors are exalted by divers intestine motions of Rarefaction to impart Nourishment Life Sense and Motion the Alimentary Vital and Animal Liquors have their first rise and greater improvement by the intestine motion of Rarefaction whereby they are exalted in growing more volatil and Spirituous to celebrate the Vegetable Vital Sensible and Intellectual Operations And by the great variety of these inward Motions the noble Fabrick and beautiful Order of the World is preserved in various methods of Condensation and Rarefaction speaking the great prudence and contrivance of that most Divine and Omnipotent Mind And to put a period to these Discourses of Condensation and Rarefaction I will add the famous Experiment of Thermometer wherein the confined Air is more or less displayed in greater or less Dimensions as the season of the Weather presents us with variety of Heat and Cold produced as some would have it by the contest of
of thin Transparent Substance and of a sweetish taste inclining somewhat to Subacide and is endued with Fermentative disposition as it is a serous and saline part of the Blood impraegnated with volatil saline Particles derived from Nervous Liquor transmitted into the body of the Pancreas and mixed with serous Particles which are conveyed by a common Duct into the Intestines where it meeteth with the Chyle in which it raiseth an Effervescence in it by which it is exalted and refined by defaecating the pure parts from the impure Another Humour and that noble too The fourth Ferment is the nervous Liquor exalting the Intestine Motion of the Chyle and Blood may be stiled the Nervous Liquor impraegnated with Animal Spirits and Volatil Saline and Aereal Particles whose spirituous and elastic body doth much assist Fermentation in the production of Chyle and Blood by relaxing the Compage of Alimentary and Vital Liquor and in reducing the contrary Aliments in these Heterogeneous Bodies into action whence ariseth an Effervescence of these Liquors commonly stiled Fermentation This Animal Juice associateth with that limpid Liquor in the Salival Glands where it is very much enobled by its spirituous active Ingeny and giveth a farther improvement to the serous Liquor of the Blood which exuding the inward Coat of the Stomach giveth a farther digestion of the Aliment and entereth into society with the Juice of the Pancreas by rendring it more spirituous and active to impart a greater attenuation to the Chyle in the Intestines From whence it being transmitted Chyle is impregnated with nervous Liquor in the Glands of the Mesentery into the Mesenteric Glands doth there embody with the Animal Juice which giveth it a greater exaltation and maketh it more fit to enter into alliance with the Blood in the Subclavian Veins and Ventricles of the Heart and substance of the Lungs where it giveth impraegnation to the Blood as much contributing to its Intestine Motion The Succus Nervosus also communicates a power to the serous Liquor of the Blood to be exalted in the Cortical Glands of the Brain in reference to the formation of Animal Liquor and Spirits And in the Viscera The Viscera are colatories of the Blood the Spleen Liver and Kidneys these noble Colatories of the Blâ—â—d the Nervous Liquor is ministerial to the Purple Liquor and by enlarging its Pores giveth it a disposition of Secretion which is lastly accomplished by Percolation made by various Cavities of different kinds of Vessels which I shall endeavour more clearly to set forth in Treating of Secretion and Percolation of Liquors CHAP. IV. Of the Fermentative Power of Aethereal and Aereal Particles advancing the Chyle and Blood of Humane Bodies THe most exalted Ferments are Aethereal The highest Ferments are caelestial Emanations which are as quick in Motion as active in Qualities and is most wisely Contrived by that most Glorious Agent by an excellent Aeconomy in the first Constitution of Things that Inferiour Bodies should be acted by the Influences of Superiour whereupon Caelestial Bodies as common Parents in the production of Sublunary Entities do improve their Seminal Vertues by imparting new and more spirituous dispositions to their sluggish Matter So that Aethereal Particles being of a kind of Divine Extract as Emanations of Caelestial Bodies do penetrate into the Minute Pores of solid Substances and the more free passages of Fluid Bodies and their Compages enlarged by a sublimed heat and influences do cause great Expansions in the noble Liquors of Mans Body raising their Fermentation to a great Refinement Subtle Aethereal Particles do easily insinuate themselves into the less Active Bodies Aethereal Particles being of a subtle nature are easily conceived into the bodies of the Alimentary Vital and Nervous Liquors Nutricious Vital and Nervous Liquor And these fine Irradiations being of a Volatil Ingeny have inclination to mount upward toward their former Stations to associate with Similar Substances were they not detained below within the more fixed confinements of Earthy Bodies And seeing all Intestine Motion is celebrated between contrary Agents according to that great Philosopher in his Book De Generatione 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agere pati sunt contrariorum Aethereal influences propagated from bright Luminaries being thin spirituous Substances do come from above to meet here below with dull Earthy Bodies where they raise disputes in Waters making great Intestine Motions to advance the gross dispositions of inferiour Beings and elevate them to a higher degree of Perfection by somewhat of Assimilation which these lower Bodies do gain by their Converse with the more sublime Aethereal Influences derived from Caelestial bodies Again Bodies suffering great comminutions have their particles dressed with different shapes and sizes else they will be despoiled of all intestine Motion with which they are acted because when many Bodies are endued with an equality of Figures and Magnitudes they cannot long if at all partake of Motion which consisteth in an open Compage of moveable substances by reason their distant parts will soon reduce themselves close to each other produced by an equality of sides which making their nearer applications to each other the intermedial spaces are filled up and the intestine Motion consequently ceaseth So that these minute spirituous Particles flowing from the beams of the Sun and other Planets and Starrs of greater or less Magnitudes are darted into the Pores of all sublunary Bodies whose nimble Motions could produce little or no impressions as Ferments in this lower Orbe if they should meet with liquid Subjects only perforated with streight Pores accommodated with regular Figures by reason they would find no resistance speedily running through these regular Passages and cause little or no Inte-Motion Whereupon these aethereal Particles not consisting of irregular Angles Aethereal Particles made up of regular Angles move with great swiftness in right Lines do naturally stream with the greatest swiftness imaginable in right Lines through all Pores of other Bodies adorned with uniform Figures which give aethereal Influences free passages readily to be transmitted without giving check to their direct course thereby making by reason of their smooth abode little alteration in Bodies penetrated with such inexpressible quickness But the Liquors of Mans Body composed of Heterogeneous Principles are brought by Motion into minute Parts Liquors of Mans Body broken into small particles are endued with divers shapes and Sizes furnished with variety of Magnitudes and Figures holding no exact fitness with each other must needs have empty spaces interceding their sides whereupon they cannot make so near accesses to each other by reason of their disproportioned sides and unequal Angles giving freedom to the minute agitated Parts to play up and down and continue their Motion Whereupon aethereal Influences acted with subtil Particles do insinuate themselves through the secret Passages of our Body in its fluid Parts adorned with numerous Angles and irregular sides which do hinder the over-hasty Motion of Celestial Influences
proportion of Vital Liquor lodged in them producing an inflammatory disposition by the stagnation of the blood whence arise the Erysipelas and Scarlet Fever when the extreamities of the Veins are not freely receptive of the Blood in order to its retrograde motion or when the minute orifices of the Excretory Ducts are so recluse that they are not capable to entertain the fiery steams or serous recrements of the Blood or when the Pores of the Skin are rendred so small either naturally by an ill structure or accidentally by ambient cold contracting them so that they cannot transmit the Effluvia and Watry impraegnated with saline Particles to the surface of the Skin and into the ambient Air. Whereupon the contracted Pores of the surface of the Body give a check to free Transpiration and to the dews of Sweat Acute Fevers do take their rise a prohibita transpiratione when the fiery steams are deteined by reason the Cutaneous Pores are obstructed by the ambient cold besprinkling the exterior region of the Skin whence Acute Fevers often borrow their origen a prohibita transpiratione in which the Cutaneous Pores the fore-doors of the Body being shut up do hinder the fanning of the blood which add fuel to its unnatural flame by reason the Effluvia of the Blood not duly transpiring the too narrow Pores of the Skin as receiving a stop do recoile with the Blood into the Veins through which they are returned to the Heart giving a trouble to its Carnous Fibres and make them more frequently to repeat their contractions wherein the noble fleshy Machine doth double and treble its motion as it is more or less importuned by the unkindly flame of the Blood which is Cured by a just allay when Diaphoriticks being administred the fiery reek of the Blood is impelled from the inward Recesses to the ambient parts of the Body and by enlarging the more streitned Pores of the Skin do give a free vent to the Sulphureous Particles of the Blood Great faintness proceeding from a dispirited Blood by too free a transpiration caused by excessive heat enlarging the Pores of the Skin by which it is reduced by degrees to a more regular temper in which the Fever consisting in a great Motion and Effervescence of the Blood disappeareth The second disaffection incident to the Skin is produced by its too great perforations proceeding from an ill Fabrick or from the over-largeness of the Pores occasioned by the ambient heat of the Air or from the hot constitution of the Blood or by its violent motion derived from immoderate exercises wherein the excessive heat of the Purple Liquor having recourse by the Capillary Arteries doth much enlarge the Pores of the Skin through which the subtle and spirituous Particles of the Blood do evaporate in an over-free Transpiration which speaketh a great faintness and discomposure by reason of the high expense of select and volatil Saline and Sulphureous Particles the most active Principles giving Intestine Motion and Life to the Blood The third Distemper of the Skin is communicated to it from the indisposition of the Nervous Fibrils terminating into the surface of the Body and taketh its rise from a Scorbutic Malady disaffecting the Liquor of the Cutaneous Nerves A dull sensation of the Skin derived in Scorbutick Distempers vitiating the Nervous Liquor rendring the Nerves stupid and sometime sâ—nseless attended with a great stiffness in Scorbutick disaffections by fixed Saline Particles distoning the Filaments which do take off much from their delicate frame and induce a dull Sensation which I felt in the numness of the extreamities of my own Fingers and in my worthy Friend a learned Doctor of Physick in whom the whole surface of his Skin was rendred somewhat stupid by an ill habit of Body caused by a vitiated animal Liquor disordering the Cutaneous Filaments the immediate Organs of Sensation seated in the Skin And a Marriner being highly overrun with the Scurvy his whole Skin grew so insensible that he could not feel the scorching heat of Fire And a Woman had her Skin stretched out so stiff as the Head of a Drum and so cold that she was not sensible of any Discomposure when she was pricked with the points of sharpest Needles which was caused by depraved Nervous Juice destroying the fine Nervous Compage of the Skin which happens in the height of Scorbutic Diseases producing a bastard Palsey And divers parts of the Skin are rendred senseless in Malignant Fevers bespecking the surface of the Body with blew Spots by reason the thinner part of the Blood infected with venenate Particles is expelled through the Excretory Ducts into the Skin which groweth senseless because the Fibres are sometimes bereaved of their proper use as Gangrened and Mortified where it is hued with blew A memorable Instance may be recommended to you of a young Gentleman a Student in the Law surprised with a great Faintness a sudden dejection of strength a quick and low Pulse and a black Tongue and his Skin interspersed with numerous Spots into which a Needle being deeply forced the Patient was not sensible of any pricking or pain nor at all apprehensive when the Needle was thrust in or drawn out of his Skin The Skin is also disaffected with other Diseases by reason of Liquors possessing the Skin and being Crude and Watry as the serous and Christalline parts of the Blood and the indigested Succus Nutricius being unduly managed in the Stomach by ill Ferments is conveighed through the Intestines Lacteal Vessels and Thoracic Ducts into the Subclavian Vessels in which A Hectic Fever proceeding from great expense of spirits in too free transpiration and evacuation of the serous Liquor of the Blood and Juice of the Nerves and in the Heart and Lungs the Blood being much impaired by an unnatural heat and its Crasis so vitiated in Hectic Fevers that the Crude Succus Nutricius remaineth unassimilated and is only blended with the Blood and being carried with it into the Cutaneous Glands is there separated from it in great proportions and thrown out in a kind of Sweat by the Excretory Vessels inserted into the Skin whence proceedeth an Emaciation of the whole Body as robbed of its due Nourishment by this unnatural universal Evacuation of the Alimentary Liquor through the Pores of the body in Hectic Fevers The Blood also being made gross by the mixture of fixed Sulphureous Particles and a gross Succus Nutricius is propelled by the Capillary Arteries into the Skin where it being stagnant produceth an Inflamation or an Erysipelas and Aedematous Tumours arising in the Skin proceeding from an ill concocted Succus Nutricius which is sometime productive of Steatomes lodged in the Skin Of which be pleased to take this Instance in a Dier whose Skin being opened and a swelled Gland being taken out and Lanced it appeared to be a Steatome big within a soft substance somewhat resembling Greese And the Skin of his Body labouring with a
most Dexterous Hand cannot separate them or the most curious Eye distinguish them one from another Tendons are Organs of sensation as they partake of Nervous Fibrils but it may be made evident by Experience against which there can be no just reply that Tendons are very sensible which must be derived from Nervous Fibrils which appeareth in Convulsive motions following the punctures of Tendons and principally in the great Tendon of the Musculus Gasteroknemius whence proceed universal concussive agitations of the Muscles of the whole Body which I saw for many Days in a young Maid Universal Convulsive motions are derived from wounding the Musculus Gasteroknemius of my worthy Lady Gayor who was wounded with a Pistol shot made upon the great Tendon of the Gasteroknemius which drew all the Muscles into consent and was derived originally from the acute sense of the wounded Tendon as participating Nervous Fibrils the instruments of Sensation and did communicate it to all the Muscles affected with Nervous Filaments inserted into Tendons Which learned Vesalius opposeth saying that Nerves accompany the Arteries and Veins into the body of a Muscle but are not implanted into the termination of it Which seemeth very improbable because according to the opinion of this famous Author the Vessels of Blood are sometimes inserted into the extreamities of the Muscle and by that reason why may not the Nerves accompany them thither as well into other parts of the Muscle where the Nervous Fibres may enter first into society with the tendinous The Fibres of Nerves accompany the Bloodie Vessels to the termination of the Muscles and after be carried into the great Tendons seated in the terminations of the Muscles And again It is most apparent to sense that the greater Nervous Fibres do wait upon the larger Sanguiducts but it may be more difficult to discover the more secret tract of the minute Arteries and Veins associating with small Nervous Fibrils which I humbly conceive insinuate themselves into the Carnous and tendinous parts of the Muscle and speak them sensible which no way could be granted them without the entercourse of Nerves the prime ministers of Sense Carnous Fibres taken in a common sense do comprehend variety of Vessels And there is no part of Carnous Fibres but are furnished with a number of small Vessels and Nervous Fibrils admirably branching themselves through the several Particles of Flesh and are the great Machines of Motion because Flesh according to the Learned is a most curious texture of Vessels of all kinds among which Arteries Veins and Lymphaeducts cannot challenge to themselves any share in Motion being only Channels to convey and reconvey the Blood and Lympha whereupon the motion of the Muscles must be attributed to the tendinous Fibres and not to the Carnous simply and precisely taken as tinged with a Purple hew proceeding from extravasated Blood Flesh taken in a strict notion is a soft red substance adhering to the Coats of the Vessels dying the Vessels in its passage between them and their Flesh which being abstracted from the Vessels and taken in a simple notion is nothing else but a soft red Substance that faceth the Intermedial Spaces of the Sanguiducts and nervous and tendinous Fibres and maketh a small and inconsiderable proportion of the body of the Muscle if it standeth in competition with the other more large and numerous Fibrous parts to which no motion can be assigned except to the tendinous parts of the Muscle because the other Vessels making up the body of the Muscle are dedicated to another use But I will no longer dispute the name of Carnous Fibres now I have explained my self and subscribe to common Use though somewhat improper which is the great Master and Arbitrator of Language Thus having given a large Discourse of the Solid parts of a Muscle for which I beg pardon for my Prolixity The â—â—â—d parts of a Muscle are constituted of various Liquors It is high time to speak now of the Fluid parts of it which are Liquors of several kinds Blood Nervous Juice and Lympha the two first are efficient Causes giving Life Sense and Motion to the Solid parts and the third doth Dilute the Chyle the Vital and Animal Liquors rendring them more fluid and fit for Motion through the Vessels and substance of the Muscular parts Blood being one of the Principal Liquors if not the most Generous Blood in a large notion is made up of Chyle red Crassament and a crystalline Liquor impraegnates the whole Body with Heat and Life and being taken in a comprehensive notion is made up of three embodied Liquors integrating the Mass of Blood the Chyle being the Materia Substrata by which it is supported and two other more matured parts the Red Crassament and the serous Crystalline Liquor The Red Crassament is the more thick and fibrous part of the Blood The red Crassament is the coagulating part of the Blood when extravasated and Coagulates when it hath lost its Circular Motion as Extravasated upon the laceration of Vessels seated in the Viscera or Muscular parts or the Stomach or Intestines whence arise Inflammations of the Viscera and Muscular parts and Coagulations of Blood extravasated in the cavities of the Stomach Intestines and the like who are highly sollicited to eject the congealed Blood as a most troublesome Guest out of the confines of the Body This red Liquor The Blood is primitively White and afterward groweth Red plumping up the body of the Muscles being White in its first Production out of the Seminal Liquor consisteth of Sulphureous and Saline Particles well commixed and digested by Heat and Motion whence they are tinged Red somewhat resembling Condited Fruits Which being primarily White are afterward hued with a deep Red when long The manner of production of the tincture of Blood and gently boiled with Sugar made up of Saline Particles This Red tincture of the Blood enobling the body of the Muscles is produced by sweet Oily and Saline Particles of the Vital Spirits in the manner of Liquor infused with Roses and tinged with Spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol as the red tincture of Blood in its first Rudiment is apparelled with white Robes and after clothed with Scarlet died Red as digested with gentle steams of Heat much advanced by Motion and may be represented by Art productive of Liquor of Cumphery Roots Satyrion and the like beaten into a white Pulp and besprinkled with Wine and put into a Glass Matrace set for some time in a vaporous Bath and then the Ingredients are tinged first with a light Red and being strained and the Liquor put into the Matrace placed in warm Steams is receptive of a deeper Red caused by a long and warm Digestion whence from its resemblance in Colour it is entitled to the name of Blood The red Crassament when let out of the Veins by Art Coagulates The red Crassament of the Blood coagulates
is sollicited toward the Circumference of the Body as rendred warm and fluid with the saline and hot Particles of the Liniments Learned Doctor Willis hath given an Account of the Cure of a Leucophlegmatia oppressing all the Ambient parts in a Child Oyl of Scorpions very proper as outwardly applied in an Anasarca who was frequently anointed by his indulgent Mother with Oil of Scorpions chafed with a warm hand into the Pores of the Body which being done effectually the space of three days the Child made a prodigious quantity of Urine and so continued for some time whereupon the Universal Tumour of his Body disappearing he was afterward perfectly restored to his Health Vesicatories applied do raise Blisters Blistering Plaisters unsafe in an Anasarca and by taking away a great quantity of the serous Liquor of the Blood do make an expense of Vital Spirits in the running of many Ulcers which sometimes cannot be healed affecting the External parts of the Body with a Gangreen ending often in Mortifications which have such an influence on the inward parts by infecting the Mass of Blood having recourse by the Veins to the Noble parts that these Gangreens and Mortifications produced by Visicatories applied to Hydropick Persons do speak an untimely period to Life A sad Instance may be given in a worthy Person lately an Officer of the Navy who was affected with an Universal Anasarca caused by Grief a Sedentary Life and a Scorbutick habit of Body whereupon in order to a Cure the Muscular parts of the Body being Tumefied a confident Chyrurgeon contrary to my advice did apply Vesicatories to his Thighs which raised great Blisters whereupon I made a Prognostick that the blistered parts would Gangreen and Mortifie which followed in a short space and was attended with a fatal stroak of Death to the great grief of his Friends The deceased being a Gentleman of great Virtue and Civility for whom I had most affectionate esteemes Escharoticks may be more safely applied to Hydropick Swellings Escharoticks are more safe then Vesicatories and have not so ill Consequents as Gangreens and Mortifications to which blistered Limbs are liable Because Escharoticks do not produce so great a flux of Humours in the outward parts and serous Recrements having recourse to the Ambient parts little by little Nature can better endure it as being accustomed to it by degrees Ingenious Doctor Willis maketh mention of Escharoticks applied with good success to Swelled Limbs in an Anasarca which were first bathed Morning and Evening with Decoction of Dwarf Elder Chamomel and other warm discutient Herbs boiled in Ale or Lees of Wine and between the Fomentations were applied Cataplasmes made of the reliques of the Ingredients embodied with Bear and afterward these Applications having been made for three days both Legs were covered with Burgundy Pix except where two holes were made in the Plaisters about the bigness of a Walnut wherein were put Escharoticks made of Ashes relating to Bark of Ash and applied to the Skin for Twelve Hours and then taken off there appeared two thin Escharas out of which first gently and then more freely distilled watry Humours as out of two Fountains when the Escharas fell off until the serous Recrements were wholly discharged and the Legs restored to their natural Dimensions CHAP. XXV Of Tumours Incident to the Muscular parts THe Muscular parts of the Body are not only subject to an Anasarca The Muscles are liable to several sorts of Diseases but many other Tumours Abscesses Ulcers Fistula's Steatomes Atheromes Melicerids Inflammations Oedemas Schirrhus which proceed from many indisposed Humours stagnant in the habit of the Body So that the ill Liquors the antecedent and continent causes of the Swellings lodged in the empty spaces of the Vessels as Chyle Blood which consist of divers Juices Nervous Liquor and Lympha Steatomes The causes of Steatomes Atheromes and Melicerids Atheroms and Melicerids do all arise from gross Pituitous Humours which indeed are divers kinds of indigested Chyle modelled in a less or greater Consistence in which respect they may be called different sorts of Oedematous Tumours and are discriminated from them by reason these are Swellings at large seated in the substance of the Body But Steatomes Atheromes and Melicerids are confined within proper Tunicles as within Boundaries by which they are severed from other parts of the Body Steatomes are Swellings lodged partly immediately under the Skin and partly in the Muscular parts proceeding from a thick Flegmatick Matter or Unassimilated Chyle contained in a particular Membrane encircling it seated in the substance of the Body so that the Tunicle enclosing this thick Matter The matter of a Steatome resembleth Fat in Consistence being opened a Pituitous Humour may be discovered not unlike Lard in colour and consistence but not in nature because commonly it is not Inflammable as being exposed to the Fire wherefore it is very rare to find a Steatome to have Fat for its Matter Of which Learned Bonnetus Lib. 4. Anatom Sect. 2. Obser 4 giveth an account of a Boy affected with a Tumour in his Neck and Arm derived from abundance of Fat and serous Humours inclosed in a peculiar Membrane which taketh its origen from a Mass of Blood which being despoiled of its natural Elements is not able to elaborate Chyle associated with Blood and turn it into its own nature Whence some oily Particles of the Vital Liquor being severed from it do degenerate into an unnatural Fat and serous Humours enwrapped in a proper Membrane whence followed an Atrophy of the whole Body accompanied with a Dropsie expressed by the said most excellent Author Vbi sanguis Sulphuris sui salis legitima proportione orbatur facilis est putredo aut vermibus apta Corruptio succorum benignorum degeneratio quae saepe in generationem copiosae pinguedinis sive Cascum sive Lardum sive aliud quid mentiatur facessere potest Conspectissimum id erat 1670. In Nosodochio Argentinensi ubi exinteravimus puerum Cujus collo supra anillam sinistram ingens Tumor accreverat cujus separato bino involucro Cutaneo proprio substantia Steatoma verum erat pondus librarum quinque civilium brachium ejusdem lateris admodum cum manu totum aequalitur intumuit dissectum copiosissimam intra cutim exhibuit pinguedinem effluente Copiosissima aqua ex Musculorum Interstitiis omne reliquum Corpus macies exederat Ascitis Abdomen A Steatome sometimes is of a prodigious bigness A Steatome proceeding a Pituita Gypsea deduced from thick tough Phlegm confined in a proper Tunicle à pituita gypsea from a gross Matter resembling Plaister Of which an Instance may be given of a Servant Maid who was for a long time highly troubled with a great Swelling of her Thigh which she concealed lest she should seem to betray her Modesty in shewing her Thigh to an Artist but at last the Tumour grew to so strange a greatness that
was affected with a Tumour in the Abdominal Muscles accompanied with a great heat and was Cured by Blood-letting Emollients and Discutients and above all with Suppurating Medicines helping the natural heat to Concoct and separate the Serous and Nervous Liquors from the red Crassament whereupon the Suppurated Tumour was opened by Art and the Concocted Matter discharged and the Ulcer cured by Digestive Cleansing Drying and Consolidating Medicines A Sea-Captain's Wife was severely treated by the hands of an unskilful Midwife by making a great Contusion in the Muscles of the Belly between the Navil and the Share-bone whence arose a large Tumour accompanied with Redness Heat and a beating pain associated with a Symptomatick Fever the true Diagnosticks of an Inflammation which proceeded from a Laceration of the Capillary Arteries impelling a quantity of Blood into the empty spaces of the Vessels whereupon she was let Blood which could not be done largely by reason of her Weakness in her Child-bed whereby the Tumour got the greater head And in order to its Alleviation Emollient and Discutient Medicines were applied which were not prevalent enough to discuss the Tumour by Sweat and insensible Transpiration and therefore we advised Suppurating Topicks which brought the Tumour to a Head which was opened by a Skilful Chyrurgeon who applied Ointments to help Suppuration and Cure the Ulcer which was effected with great difficulty by reason the Patient had an illness of Blood which fed the Ulcer with ill Humours Corroding the parts affected Cleansing and Drying Medicines are to be injected into hollow Ulcers and rendring them hollow Whereupon a Tincture was advised prepared of Alloes Saffron and Mirrhe in Spirit of Wine which was Injected into the deep hollow Ulcer and this and other Detergent Exsiccatory and Consolidating Medicines perfectly restored the Patient to her former Health with the Blessing of the Great Physician to his eternal Glory A Fistula a consequent of an ill cured Aposteme is a Callous Ulcer having many oblique Cavities whose Lips are white hard and indolent which being seated in the Muscular parts hath a more white large and equal Pus then that which floweth from Nerves Tendons and Membranes which is of an Oily Consistence and less in quantity and that Matter flowing from Bones in Fistula's is of a blackish Colour and faetide smell and little in proportion A Fistula is a Daughter of an ill treated Abscess or an inveterate Ulcer encircled with a Callous substance proceeding from the grosser parts of a purulent Matter full of Saline and Earthy parts concreted into a hard substance adhering to the circumference of a hollow Ulcer As to the Cure of a Fistula a Probe or Wax-Candle may be immitted into the Cavity of it to find out its length and to that end an Injection may be made into one Orifice and afterward an Observation may be taken whether the injected Matter come out of one or more Holes and how deep the Cavity may be And in order to the Cure the Callous Matter must be taken away by some Instrument A Fistula is to be made a green Wound before it will admit a Cure or Caustick Injection of Aqua Medicamentosa and the like or by an Actual Cautery that the Ulcer may be made a Green Wound else the Lips will never close and the Ulcer heal If the Fistula reach to the Bones made Carious by sharp Saline Particles the Ulcer may be laid open and Drying Medicines applied to scale the Bones but if the Fistula penetrate into Nervous parts great Caution must be had lest the Incision of the Callous Matter be attended with Convulsions and after the Circumference of the Fistula is freed from the indurated substance proper Cleansing and Drying Medicines used in inveterate Ulcers may be injected into the sinus of the Fistula A young Gentleman of Sussex being of a good Constitution of Body was afflicted with a Fistula the consequent of ill ordered Abscess and an Ulcer seated in the Muscles of the Abdomen which was Cured by Vulnerary Drinks and by Detersive and Drying Injections which corroded the Callous substance and cleansed and dried up the purulent Matter and closed up and consolidated the Concave parts of the Fistula Another Tumour called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Bilious Blood the cause of an Erysipelas Rosa a colore Roseo ignis Sacer vulgarly called St. Anthonie's Fire is derived from a Bilious Blood as the Ancients will have it and is a hot thin Blood often raising Blisters in the Skin which proceedeth from sharp Serous Particles secerned from the Blood in the Cutaneous Glands transmitted by Excretory Ducts into the Skin Sometimes this thin and hot Blood which is called Bilious from its Temper and not from any mixture of true Bile swelleth the Muscular parts being Extravasated in the empty Spaces of the Vessels and is near akin to an Inflammation in Colour but differeth in Consistence which is more thick in an Inflammation and more apt to Suppurate and doth not happen in a true Erysipelas proceeding from a thin Serous Blood impraegnated with many Saline Particles which hinder the putrefaction of the Purple Liquor As to the Cure of an Erysipelas it is primarily directed to the Fever and indicateth cold and moist Medicines in reference to the hot and dry Distemper and in relation to the quantity of Blood the Apertion of a Vein is to be Celebrated and most gentle Diaphoreticks are to be taken to expel the hot and Serous Liquor mixed with the Blood into the Confines of the Body where it is often discharged by Blistering Plaisters If occasion serve by reason the Tumour doth not abate Blood-letting may be repeated Purging Medicines improper in an Erysipelas as very proper in this Disease in which Purging sometimes proveth fatal in the height of an Erysipelas in recalling the Serous Humours from the Ambient parts to the inward Recesses from the Circumference to the Center which succeeded very ill in a Gentleman a Friend of mine who had an Erysipelas in his Neck and Face which so highly disguised his Countenance that I could scarcely know him his Eyes being shut up with the high Swelling Whereupon an Empyrick of his Acquaintaince ordered him a Purge in stead of Bleeding which worked freely with him and drew in the Humours settled in his Face and Neck which abated the Swellings of a suddain which the Night after the Purge had a recourse into his Brain and made him Apoplectical Whereupon I was called out of my Bed to come to him I thereupon ordered him to be let Blood both in the Neck and Arm in the space of a few Hours but all in vain the Patient notwithstanding all my attempts by all ways imaginable to preserve him died Apoplectical And according to my desire the Skull being taken off the Dura Mater appeared highly Tumefied and the Brain being opened we discerned a great quantity of Extravasated Blood lodged in the
Ascitis to advise such Diureticks as will repair the Depauperated Particles of the Blood by exalting the crude Sulphureous Atomes and by rendring its fixed parts more Volatil whereupon the Compage of the Blood being opened that the Serous parts may be separated from the Purple Liquor it is not convenient to give Diureticks consisting of Acids and Lixivial but rather of Volatil Salts And I humbly conceive that Salts of Tartar and Broom are not always so beneficial as the Juices of Scurvy-Grass Watercresses Brooklime and Millepedes Alive infused in White-wine which being highly impraegnated with Volatil Salts and Spirit of Wine and Salt dulcified do speak great Cures of this Disease And as to the Vital Indication by reason this Dropsie doth take its rise A laesa Sanguificatione Chalybeats very proper in Dropsies by reason they refine and sweeten the Blood from an ill Constitution of Blood Chalybeats may be advised to rectifie its Elements and to exalt its Saline and Sulphureous Particles and to make good the Ferments of the Stomach in reference to Concoction and to advance the Succus Nutricius in order to Assimilation with the solid parts of the Body Diaphoreticks speak a greater advantage in an Anasarca Diaphoreticks are improper in an Ascitis seated in the Muscular parts then in an Ascitis lodged in the Spaces of the Belly so that the Humours Extravasated having no communion with the Vessels of Muscles and Cutaneous Glands cannot be discharged by Sweat and insensible Transpiration but produce a great Ebullition of the Serous Humours settled in the Belly and rather make precipitation of the watry Recrements and force them as being rendred more thin and fluid by warm Medicines through the terminations of the Arteries into their wonted Receptacles of the Belly And Fomentations also are of an ill consequence in this Disease Fomentations are hurtful in an Ascitis by reason their great heat putteth the Blood into a Fermentation and thereby raiseth a kind of Feverish Distemper accompanied with the pain of the Head Vertigo and sometimes fainting Fits produced by great expense of Spirits in an over-free Transpiration causing a Relaxation of the Compage of the Blood whereupon the watry Particles do quit the fellowship of the Purple Liquor and have recourse by troden Paths into the repositories of Serous Liquor Clysters may be applied in this Disease with a better effect by reason their sharp Particles sollicite the Mesentery and Intestines whose Vessels are full of watry Faeces to discharge the Recrements of the Blood by the Mesenterick Arteries into the Guts and from thence into the wide World Plaisters are also of great use in an Ascitis as having some Astringency in them to Comfort and Corroborate the Bowels and do keep them by shutting up the Extreamities of the Vessels from throwing their watry Contents into the Capacity of the Abdomen upon which account Paracelsus his Plaister and De Minio and Diasapomi are applied and approved by Dr. Willis as very good in this case A Waterman having frequently treated himself with free Cups of strong Drink and having often exposed himself to the cold Air in violent Sweats An Ascitis in a Waterman proceeding from high Drinking and from Cold on a suddain shutting up the pores of the Body occasioned by hard Rowing with which his great negligence of himself and his high Intemperance so far depraved his Mass of Blood that he fell into a great Swelling of his Belly the result of watry Humours upon his Debauchery settled in the Cavity of the Abdomen having a recourse by the Processes of the Peritonoeum into the Scrotum which was highly Tumefied growing Black and tending to a Gangreen had it not been prevented by warm Fomentations And afterward when the Patient was in a deplorable condition I advised a Method of Physick consisting of gentle Purgatives Antiscorbuticks Diureticks and a proper Plaister to be applied to his whole Belly whereupon to the Glory of the Almighty Physician he was restored to his Health Many Artists do advise a Paracentesis A Paracontesis only relieveth where the Viscera are found an opening of the Navil in an Ascitis which is to be done with great Caution and to be prescribed when the Tumour riseth to a great hight in a small space of time and when other Medicines have been used and when the Patients is of a Vivid Colour and no way Exhausted by a long Sickness and hath no Ulcer of the Lungs no long Diarrhaea no Scirrhus of the Liver or Spleen else the Life and Serous Liquor will be let out at once which most frequently happeneth in an Apertion of the Navil in this fatal Disease CHAP. XXIX Of a Tympanitis TYmpanitis one kind of a Dropsie in a common acception seemeth by reason of order to claim our notice in the next place whose outward face is obvious to Sense if considered as a hard Tumour of the Belly highly resisting the pressure of our Fingers upon a stroke and giving a noise somewhat resembling a Drum but it s more inward recesses deduced from its Morbifick Causes and manner of Production will entertain us with a deeper Inspection and greater Consideration how in a short space the Belly should obtain so great an Increment in its Dimensions and it is a matter of as great difficulty as moment to discover how a Flatus the matter of the Disease should be produced in so large a proportion And by what ways it may be transmitted into the Cavity of the Belly as to generate so hard and so great a Swelling in so little a time as hath been often seen in a multitude of Patients Many Physicians of great Name and worthy of our Esteem A Bastard Tympanitis when the Belly is distended upon a Flatus lodged in the Stomach and Guts do assert in their Works that they have Dissected many Bodies that have been conceived to die of a Tympanitis wherein no Flatus hath hissed out of the Belly upon its Apertion and the Intestines only were discovered to be highly distended with great store of Flatulent Matter The great Current of Physicians runneth this way That a Tympanitis doth proceed from a gross quantity of Wind not lodged in the Stomach and Intestines only but between them the Caul and the Rim of the Belly arising out of a distention of them upon a Flatus which being of a thin fluid nature is apt to move especially when forced by the contraction of the Fibrous parts of the Intestines finding themselves aggrieved upon over much Tension Purgations also and Fomentations would discharge the Flatus if it were contained within the Stomach and Intestines out of which there are large Ducts fit for Evacuation But it is found by sad Experience that notwithstanding all proper Medicines have been Administred yet the Flatus is not discharged and the Disease remaineth fixed and sometimes past Cure Another difficulty seemeth to perplex this Opinion that the Membranes of the Abdomen
the numerous Nervous Fibres every way besetting the whole Compage of the Splene And the Blood being imported below on both sides by the Emulgent Arteries into the bodies of the Kidneys The Nervouâ— Liquor exalteth the Blood in the Splene The Kidneys are the Colatory of thâ— Blood from its watry Faeces is there secerned from its watry Faeces and transmitted by the Urinary Vessels and papillary caruncles into the Pelvis and thence distilleth down the Ureters as by Aquaeducts into the Bladder the common Cistern of these watry Recrements Thus having touched upon part after part of the lower Story let us ascend up to the Middle and more noble Apartiment which is encircled without with the four common Vestments and more inwardly in its Anterior Region with the Musculus Pectoralis and Serratus Anticus Major and behind with the Latissimus Dorsi and the upper region of the Sacrolumbaris and Longissimi Dorsi and with the Serrati Superiores and Inferiores and Semispinati all of them except the Serrati being Tensors of the Back The middle Story being more excellent then the lowest is more strongly guarded with many long crooked Bones seated in a manner of Twelve Arches on each side encircling for the most part the Chambers of this Apartiment and interlined with the Intercostal and Triangular Muscles which in their various Motions enlarge and contract the Cavity of the Thorax This Story is well fortified in its fore parts with various Bones composing the Sternon and behind with a Column made up of Twelve Vertebres finely wrought in variety of Processes from and into which the Muscles of the Back have their Origen and Insertions This middle Apartiment is adorned within with fine Hangings of the Pleura and parted in the middle with the Mediatinum dividing it into two equal Camera's which are beautified with the noble Furniture of the Heart and Lungs this being a Machine of the Air and the other of Motion which containeth within it two running Lakes the one discharging it self into the Lungs and the other into the common Trunk of the great Artery Thus I have given you a glimpse of the Wall and Furniture of two Apartiments by climbing up from part to part as step by step from the lower and middle Stories as Antecamera's leading to the highest Apartiment which is as eminent in Dignity as Place and is composed of an Ivory Cabbinet Embelished with many fine Coverings and rarely indented with divers Sutures This Cabinet is a Repository of many excellent Jewels the admirable processes of the Brain But before I Treat of these I will take the freedom with your leave to give a brief Account of the Animal Liquor as well a Product of as Ambulatory to the highest Apartiment and is the great end and perfection to which all the various Coats Processes and Nerves of the Brain are consigned giving you 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a short History of the Production and Progress of the Animal Liquor and what improvement it maketh in the several Local and Intestine Motions of the Chyle in the Stomach Intestines Mesentery and Thoracic Ducts and how it enobleth the Blood in the Kidneys Splene Liver and Chambers of the Heart and in its passage through the Lungs and the Ascendent Trunk of the Aorta leading to the Carotide Arteries which import Blood impraegnated with Nervous Liquor and attenuated with Lympha into the Membranes and substance of the Brain The Animâ—l Liquor The Nervous Liquor made in the Brain is thence carried by Nerves into all parts of the Body the seat of the most refined Spirits the Ministers of the Sensitive and Intellectual Operations oweth its origen to the upper region of the Brain and is thence propagated by innumerable Fibres through its various Processes through its lower Confines and then is transmitted through the numerous Filaments of Nerves as so many fine Outlets and Channels The salival Liquor is improved by Juice flowing out of the third fourth and seventh pair of Nerves into the Mouth producing the first rudiment of Concoction which is after perfected in the Stomach by an access of Nervous Liquor distilling out of the Stomacic Nerves leading to the middle and lowest Apartiment of the Body So that Liquor destilling out of the Third Fourth and Seventh pair of Nerves maketh the noblet part of the Juice squeesed in mastication out of the Tonsillary and Maxillary Glands as well as those of the Palate and Tongue all beset with Minute Conglomerated Glands whereupon the Masticatory Liquor being highly improved with Nervous Juice is mingled with the Alimentary Liquor exstracted out of the Meat chewed in the Mouth which embodying with the fluid and Elastick Particles of Air doth open the Compage of the Meat rendring it fit for Intestine Motion and as a Ferment giveth the first rudiment of Concoction of Meat in the Mouth in order to the generation of Chyle afterward elaborated in the Stomach assisted with new access of Liquor flowing out of the numerous Nerves derived from the Intercostal and Par Vagum and divers Mesenteric Plexes seated in the Belly and emitting fruitful Branches into all parts and at last do terminate into the inward Coats of the Stomach out of which the Nervous Juice is crushed by the gentle Contractions of the Carnous Fibres enclosing the Aliment into the Crust investing the Nervous Coat all beset with minute Annular Glands in which the Nervous Liquor is Percolated and thence destilleth into the Cavity of the Stomach And being impraegnated with volatil saline Particles insinuateth it self into the body of the Aliment and openeth its Compage severing by a kind of Precipitation or Colliquation at least the Alimentary Liquor from the more gross Faeces whereupon the Nervous Liquor exalted with Spirituous parts The serous part of the Blood is also ferment of the Stomach in Concoction embodieth with the serous parts of the Blood and flowing out of the Extreamities of the Arteries into the Cavity of the Stomach doth fitly qualifie a Menstruum to dissolve the Compage and Colliquate the Meat out of which the Chyle is exstracted by way of Tincture Ad lenem balnei calorem by the Ambient heat of the Stomach which is afterward more matured by its farther progress through the Intestines The Chyle is more attenuated in the Guts by Liquor coming out of the Mesenteric Plex of Nerves by Liquor dropping out of the Terminations of the Nerves derived from the Mesenteric Plexes and implanted into the inward Coats of the Intestines surrounded with Minute Glands In order to which the Milky Humour is thence transmitted into the Pores of the first Lacteae suitable in shape and size to the Atomes of the Chyle which is afterward dispersed into the body of the Glands where it incorporateth with the Nervous Liquor The Chyle is attenuated by Lympha into the common Receptacle is thence carried by the Stomacie Ducts into the Subclavian Veins issuing out of the Mesenteric Nerves
and is then conveyed by the second kind of Milky Vessels into the common Receptacle in which the Lympha impraegnated with Nervous Juice doth both Dilute and farther Elaborate the Chyme by rendring it more fit as attenuated to be transmitted through the minute Thoracic Ducts into the Subclavian Veins where it again encountreth the Lympha hightned with Nervous Liquor conveyed thither by the Lymphaeducts of the upper Region terminating into the Vessels seated under the Clavicles where the Chyme is first of all received into the Blood and adopted into the Vital family and is forthwith carried through the Descendent Trunk of the Cava into the right Cistern of the Heart where it groweth more exalted by a mixture of Liquor squeezed by frequent Contractions out of the Extreamities of many Nervous Fribres inserted into the inward Wall of the right Chamber of the Heart out of which the Blood being impelled through the Pulmonary Artery into the substance of the Lungs where as I humbly conceive it receiveth a tincture of a Liquor destilling out the Nervous Fibres implanted into the Interstices of the Pulmonary Arteries whence the Blood being transmitted through the Pulmonary Veins into the left Ventricle is farther meliorated with a Juice coming out of the Nervous Fibres ending in the inside of the Heart The Animal Liquor made in the Cortex of the Brain from whence it is impelled into the common Trunk and afterward into the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta whose outward Coat is encircled with many Nervous Divarications and also divers Nervous Fibres inserted into the inward Coat destill their Liquor into the Blood passing through the Aorta and inward Carotide Arteries into the Cortex of the Brain in whose Minute Glands a Percolation being made and the more refined serous parts being severed from the Red Crassament of the Blood are improved with volatil saline Particles in the substance of the Cortex from whence they are transmitted into the Extreamities of the Fibres taking their rise in the body of the Cortex and thence are propagated by numerous Minute Fibres through the various Processes of the Brain to the Trunks of the Nerves first formed in the Medulla Oblongata and thence destilling between the Filaments of the greater and lesser Branches of the Nerves are imparted to all parts of the Body to give Sense Motion and Nourishment The substance of the Viscera and all Muscular Flesh The substance of the Viscera and Flesh are Systemes of Vessels are for the most part if not altogether divers Systemes made up of greater and lesser Vessels consisting of Trunks and numerous branches of Arteries Veins and Caudexes and Fibres of Nerves and Lymphaeducts Membranes are also Contextures Membranes are Contextures of Nervous Filaments composed for the most part of numerous Fibrils of Nerves rarely interwoven with each other interspersed with Branches and Capillaries of Arteries and Veins The Blood in the Viscera being impelled out of the Terminations of the Arteries into the Interstices of the Vessels it s more soft Particles being improved with Liquor dropping out of the Extreamities of Nervous Fibres giveth it a power to separate from the Red Crassament and afterward this Serous Liquor is the Matter and the Nervous Juice is the form of the Succus Nutricius which being embodied The Succus Nutricius is made up of serous and Nervous Liquor is transmitted from the Interstices into many minute pores of the Coats of the Vessels which perfectly correspond in Figure and Magnitude with the Particles of the Succus Nutricius carried by the said Pores into the substance of the Vessels wherein it groweth more solid and uniting it self by Accretion to the body of the Vessels becommeth one entire substance with them Nutricion is made by the Succus Nutricius both accreted to the surfaces and by entring into the Pores of the Vessels and assimilated which is vulgarly called Assimilation and is principally performed by Nervous Liquor inspiring the serous part of the Blood with Animal Spirits which giveth the Succus Nutricius a power of Accretion and by configuring it self to the unequal inward surfaces of the lank solid parts doth replenish their spaces rendred empty by the heat of the Blood opening the Pores of the Body and sending out constant Effluvia Thus I have hinted as in a passage some short Remarks relating to the embroidered Hangings and fine Furniture of the middle and lower Story of Mans Body wherein I have mentioned the Elaboratory consisting of the Retort of the Stomach the Recipients and Serpentine Ducts of the Intestines and the Viscera as so many Colatories of the Blood attended with Dreins discharging its Recrements into common Receptacles Now I shall make bold to give a more full History in presenting a rough draught of the fine Pieces of Housholdstuff belonging to these Apartiments in describing the Structure Actions Uses Pathologie of divers Membranous parts composed of many Fibres propagated from Nerves and originally derived from the Fibrous parts of the Brain I may also Delineate the Viscera The various Liquors of the Body are exalted by Nervous Juice passing through the noble parts as various Contextures of Arteries Veins Nerves and Lymphaeducts and sometimes of Excretory Vessels as the Vasa Fellea in the Liver and Serosa in the Kidneys and other Recremental Ducts in the Pancreas Parotides Maxillaries Orals and other Conglomerated Glands dispensed through the whole Fabrick of the Body so that by laying open the various Compage of these parts we may make our Hypothesis more clearly appear by the farther illustration of it in several Instances how the Chyle is exalted by entring into confaederacy with a choice Liquor issuing out of Nerves in its several gesses made through the Stomach Intestines and Mesenterick Glands and afterward how the Vital Liquor is enobled with excellent Juice destilling out of the Nervous Fibres in its constant progress and circuit through the Liver Splene Kidneys and Testicles the noble parts of the lowest Story as also through the Heart Lungs and Brain those more excellent parts of the middle and upper Apartiment and how the Chyle and Blood and Animal Liquor are percolated and refined in their passage through the Viscera lodged in the several Stories of the Body CHAP. II. Of the Lips and Cheeks HAving Treated of the choice Liquors of Chyle and Blood as they are exalted by entring into Association with the Animal Juice it may not seem improper at this time to give some Account how these Liquors are originally produced and how they receive greater Improvement and what parts concur to their Propagation And having already given you a prospect of the thick and thinner Walls relating to the three Stories of Mans Body we will now make a step with your leave into the inward parts of this Elegant Building and view their fine Hangings and excellent Furniture as so many Sights full of beautiful Order and Perfection which are glorious to behold In order to a
Balneo Mariae enclosed in its anterior Region with the Liver and its bottom is seated in a cavity of the Spleen both which Viscera are enobled with a soft Heat flowing into them with the Blood by reason a vital influence doth arise from a dispensation of the Blood into all parts of the Body Whereupon the Stomach entertaining Blood primarily impraegnated with Life doth grow warm and vigorous giving a due tone and Tenseness to the various Fibres of the Stomach by which the ventricle applieth it self close to the Aliment and by warming it doth reduce its less powerful qualities into Act and exalteth the various dispositions of the Ferments Various Animals have different degrees of Heat in their Stomachs Moreover it may be worth our notice that divers Animals according to the several constitutions of their Stomach do claim various degrees of Heat as Dogs Wolves Hawkes and Birds of prey have intense and Fish more remiss and truly a moderate Heat being not culinary but vital is most agreeable to the Ventricles of Animals as giving them strength and vigor and thereupon is more conducive to the production of Chyle by reason immoderate Heat rather torrefieth and forceth out the Earthy and Excrementitious parts whereupon the colliquation and extraction of the Alimentary Liquor is best managed by a soft Heat upon which account we may well resemble the preparation of Aliment to the stewing of Meat in some liquid Substance by a slow Fire and so we Cook Gruels made with Oatmeal or Barley as also Jelly which do somewhat aemulate the coction of Chyle and by virtue of agentle Heat we extract divers kinds of Tinctures and the concoction of Meat is likewise performed by the assistance of a kindly Heat resident in the Stomach intenerating colliquating and dissolving solid substances in liquid Bodies as it happens in the concoction of Alimentary Liquor in the Ventricle So that the Still of the Stomach is well seated by Nature The Alimentary Liquor is extracted in the Stomach by Colliquation in a most advantageous place every way surrounded with warm parts above with the vital flame of the Heart on the Right side with the Liver on the Left with the Spleen and on the hinder Region with the great Vessels of the Aorta and Vena cava in its Anterior part with the Caul Whereupon all these parts being Systems of numerous Vessels filled with warm Vital Liquor do advance the cold membranous constitution of the Stomach with their ambient heat thereby exalting the Ferments ordained to Concoct the Aliment enclosed within the fine Walls of the Stomach And seeing the warmth of the Ventricle is derivative from the heat and motion of the Blood it may seem pertinent briefly to discourse the Vital Liquor constituted of Principles affected with Saline and Sulphureous Particles which are active Elements imparting Intestine Motion to the Blood very much hightned by Local Motion in its Flux and Reflux to and from the Heart the most noble Muscle and hath for its Antagonists all the Muscles of the Body the original of the Motion and chief heat of the Blood impelled into the substance of the Stomach by the Caeliack Arterie The Blood being received into the right Ventricle of the Heart The Blood consisteth of saline and sulphureous Particles the Elements of Intestine Motion and is impraegnated in the Lungs with Air inspired with Nitrosulphureous Atomes and is also exalted with volatil and saline parts of Liquor dropping out of the extreamities of the Neâ—ves into the Chambers of the Heart is impelled by its strong Contraction into the Pulmonary Artery and substance of the Lungs where it meeteth Air impelled by the numerous Branches of the Bronchia and embodieth with its Nitrosulphureous Particles as some Principles producing the Intestine Motion of the Blood which is received into the Pulmonary Veins and thence into the left Chamber of the Heart wherein it being briskly dashed against its Walls the Intestine Motion and heat of the Vital Liquor is much intended and farther exalted by a Liquor impraegnated with Volatil Saline Particles dropping out of the Extreamities of the Nerves inserted into both Ventricles of the Heart into and out of which the Blood is every moment Imported and Exported by Venous and Arterial Tubes as the proper Channels of Vital Liquor whose Intestine Motion and heat is much improved by its impulse from and retrograde Local Motion to the Heart wherein it is Expanded and Rarefied and being thence moved in greater and less Cylinders it acquireth a new Fermentation when its fixed parts are rendred more and more Volatized and exalted to a due Maturity wherein the Compage is opened and the Spirituous and Sulphureous parts are so far set at liberty as to communicate a soft heat to the Stomach in order to the Concoction of Aliment And furthermore the Blood consisting of divers Heterogeneous principles of Spirit The Blood acteth as made of Heterogeneous principles Salt and Sulphur diluted with Watry and Earthy Particles as it is also associated with Chyme a different Liquor the Materia Substrata of Vital Liquor whereupon the Blood gaineth an Effervescence derived from the different actions of these contrary Agents which enter into the List one with another and have various Conflicts caused by Acids and Alkalys composed of different Salts and Sulphurs which after divers contrary Operations receive such due allays as are agreeable to the nature of Blood by which it acquireth a due temper of heat and Fermentation which being dispensed to the Stomach are great Instruments of Chylification produced by the regular Intestine Motion of Meat and Drink the great supports of our Nature CHAP. XXVII The Pathologie of the Heat relating to the Stomach HAving Discoursed the heat of the Ventricle The heat of the Stomach is rendred faint by too great a quantity of watry and ill Diet. as it dependeth upon the natural temper of the Blood I will now Treat somewhat of the heat of the Stomach derived from its unkindly Ebullition which sometime runneth too low proceeding from ill Diet and watry Aliment assumed in too great a quantity producing an undue Concoction of it in the Stomach whence the Blood is endued with a cold and watry Indisposition whence floweth a low Fermentation and heat in the Chambers of the Heart and the various Vessels carrying Rivulets of Blood to and from the Heart in which the faint Intestine Motion proceeding from an undue preparation of the Alimentary Liquor in the Stomach produceth a cold temper in the whole Body a troublesome Breathing in the Lungs and a languid Pulsation of the Heart and Arteries as in ill habits of the Body in Chronick Diseases and in Dying Persons But on the contrary the Blood is overacted with too high an Ebullition The heat of the Stomach is rendred too high from hoe Liquors inflaming the Blood proceeding from the overmuch Indulgence of our selves in high Meats and hot Liquors vitiating the
into Acidity as separated from the sweet Alimentary Juyce the end of Concoction which is quickly transmitted out of the Stomach into the intestines while the more useless parts staying in the Ventricle do contract an Acidity Farthermore when the Stomach laboureth with some great indisposition Soure belchings the effect of an ill Concoction or when oppressed with too great a quantity or affected with an ill qualified Aliment the Stomach throweth up four Belchings the effects of an ill Concoction proceeding from fixed saline parts as too much exalted and brought to a fusion the cause of Acidity which is promoted to a great height as the Saline Particles obtain a more eminent Degree of volatility as crude vitriol in its prime Constitution hath some degrees of Acidity but when it is driven through a retort with a fierce Fire it is affected with such an Intenseness of Acidity that the Palate is impatient of it unless it be diluted with some insipid or soft Liquor and upon this account the reliques of the former Concoction do sometimes arrive to so great an Acidity that the Teeth are set on edge upon vomiting this troublesome Acide Matter And this is the third Cause how the Stomach produceth an Acidity in Digestion when the Aliment newly received The Chyle is often embodied in the Stomach with acide Recrements the reliques of a former Concoction is embodied with the Recrements of the former Concoction with an acide Phlegme destitute of Sweetness whereupon the Chyle cannot be conceived to be improved with this acide Mixture but groweth more impure and degenerate and the lacteal Vessels receive only the purer parts of the concocted Liquor as Secerned from all acide Atomes wherefore we may conceive that the Acidity in the Stomach to be no constituent part or ingredient of Chyle but an Instrument as some will have it by which the more solid parts of Aliment are Dissolved Acidity is a fusion of saline Eliments as in the fermentation of Vegetables The Fourth Cause of Acidity is found in Vegetables wherein a Fusion is made of Saline Elements which is not produced in Flesh which being exalted doth not degenerate into an Acidity after the rate of Vegetables because animal Salts being elaborated and reduced to Fusion do not contract a sourness but rather rankness and cannot arrogate to themselves the nature of a due Ferment in Concoction and Aliment composed of Vegetables have divers steps of Elaboration and first of all groweth Acide then acquireth another degree of Saltness and last of all arriveth at a greater perfection of Concoction and endeth in a pleasant Sweetness most evident in the production of Chyle But that we may speak more clearly to the Serous Ferment distilling out of the Extremities of the Arteries into the Cavity of the Stomach this Question may be fitly propounded Whether this Serous Ferment hath its Operation in the Production of Chyle as endued with Acide or with Saline Particles to which a Reply may be made with this distinction either of the sweetness of Chyle proceeding from Vegetable Aliment as Sugar Honey and the like and then the nourishing Liquor first groweth Acide and then Sweet but if the Sweetness of the Alimentary Juyce proceedeth from Concocted Flesh it is first brought by Fusion to a Saline and then to a sweet disposition which is derived from the disposition of a Serous Ferment in a good constitution of Body which is Saline and not Acide as may be plainly proved from the nature of this Crystaline Liquor which is highly impregnated with a great quantity of Volatil Salt which may be extracted by Chymical Operations a very active Instrument in Chylification by which the body of the Aliment is opened and the Alimentary Liquor extracted and exalted And to give a farther confirmation The serous Liquor conveyed to the cavity of the Stomach is not acted with Acide but Saline parts that the Serous Liquor distilling into the capacity of the Stomach is not acted with Acide but Saline parts I will endeavour divers experimental Instances in the production of Chyle in the Stomachs of divers Animals An acute Author giveth out that the Concoction in the Ventricles of Birds is managed by Acide Ferments which may be clearly determined by tasting Chyle in their Stomachs and to this effect I have opened the Crop of a Pullet and the extended Gulet of a Curlue which supplieth the place of a Crop in both which and many other Birds I have found a Liquor of a Whitish colour in good proportion affected not with an Acide but Saltish Taste and if the Aliment be Lodged too great a time in the Ventricle it rather resembleth a stinking than sourish Smell not unlike that of the grosser Excrements belonging to the Intestines Learned Moebius giveth an Account of a young Dormouse about a fortnight old whose Stomach he opened and found it empty of all Ingests except a white Milky Humour of which he receiving a little into his Mouth did affect his Tongue not with any Sourness but with a sharp Saline pungent Taste not unlike that of Crowfoot or Cuckooe-pintle which gave a disgust to his Palate for some time though he frequently gargarized it with Water I have frequently tasted of a Cineritious Liquor which I conceive to be Chyle in the Stomachs of Skaits The Stomachs of Fish in point of Concoction are endued not with Acide but Saline Particles Thornbacks Pikes and other Fish and have found it of a high Saline or Armoniack Taste without the least relish of sourness and in the Stomachs of Crabs Lobsters being opened you may plainly discern the inward Coats of their Ventricles to be highly tinged with a nitrous Saltness And in the Stomachs of Lambs newly killed being cut open plainly may be discovered a Saline and no sour Liquor adhaering to the inward Coat of the true Ventricle In a Dog opened alive Maebius maketh mention of Chyle contained in the Ventricle emitting a strong smell like that of the Intestines and having taken it into his Mouth did savour of a Saline Taste And I have made trial in the Stomachs of Brutes and Men The Stomach in Scorbutick and Hypocondriacal Distempers is affected with four Humors and have discovered the inward Coats of their Stomachs affected with a succulent Matter impregnated with Salt Particles and not with Sour except in Scorbutick and Hypocondriacal and other unhealthy persons The serous Ferment being severed from the Blood in the glandulous Coat of the Stomach participates of its nature and is impregnated with Saline Particles as may easily be discovered by Chymical Operations made upon Blood out of which by Art may be extracted a Spirit highly exalted with volatil Saline Atomes and also out of variety of Alimentary Liquor it self in divers sorts of Milk may be extracted by Chymistry great quantities of volatil Salt whereupon it may be easily evinced both by the Alimentary Liquor it self in divers sorts of Milk
speaking of a Lientery 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Lientery doth throw off the Meat not putrified and moist not painful whereupon the Body decayeth and a few lines after this great Author doth seem farther to assert this Hypothesis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And therefore when it is produced meaning a Lientery the Meat is cooled and moistened and a quick dismission made of the not putrified Aliment whence this inference may seem to be made that if an ill or rather no Concoction of the Stomach which the Antients called improperly a Lientery or smoothness of the Guts the Meat is over-hastily expelled the confines of the Stomach unputrified whereupon it may be conceived Meat is Concocted in the Stomach-without Corruption and Putrefaction that if the Meat had been longer entertained in the Ventricle it would have acquired a putrefaction But I beg pardon for this apprehension because I conceive we are bound in Duty to receive the sense of the Antients with Candor and then the words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being not taken strictly which I humbly conceive was the true sense of our great Master Hyppocrates do signifie Meat unconcocted in which little or no separation of parts was made by natural Heat exciting the Ferments of the Stomach to a Concoction of the Aliment Learned Dr. Highmore seemeth to concur with Hypocrates Dr. Highmore's opinion that Concoction is a putrefaction and separation of parts in his sense relating to the manner of Digestion in his Third Chapter De Ventriculo Verumenimvero nondum nobis constat cur non calore tantum humido hoc est menstruo proprio animae tanquam instrumento opus hoc perficiatur cum coctio nihil aliud sit quam putrefactio partium separatio But notwithstanding it doth not appear to us saith the Learned Author why this Work is not accomplished by moist Heat only as a proper Menstruum the instrument of the Soul when Concoction is nothing else but a putrefaction and separation of parts And this his Assertion concerning the work of Nature he endeavoureth to Illustrate by the operations of Art Adhaec in administrationibus Chymicis hoc solummodo efficiente calore scilicet in corpore humido in particulas corporis insinuante producatur ut in maceratione digestione putrefactione fermentatione quibus operationibus a calore humido mistum aliquo modo dissolvitur vel compage naturali soluta ad artificialem aptius redditur quae operationes in omni separatione vel singulae vel altera earum permittuntur Furthermore This Learned Author affirmeth in Chymical Operations this may be produced by Heat working only in a moist Body insinuating it self into inward recesses of it as in Maceration Digestion Putrefaction and Fermentation by which operations the mixed Body is after a manner dissolv'd in a moist Heat as its natural Compage is loosened which is most fitly resembled to Art whose Administrations either all or one of them are premised in every operation Ingenious Vanhelmont as I humbly conceive being a person of greater Fancy than Judgment granteth the same putrefaction in order to Chylification though upon more improbable terms saying in his Book De Spiritu Vitae page 576. In nobis autem etsi cibus cum potu quadantenus putrescant nimirum ista putredo est modus atque medium transmutandae rei in rem attamen in digestionibus nostris per ejusmodi putrefactionem actionemque fermenti lienari non educitur ex oleribus leguminibus frumentalibus aut pomis spiritibus aquae vitae Siquidem naturae nostrae intentio non est sibi procreare aquam vitae verum longe aliud in nobis est Fermentum quo res resolvuntur in Chylum atque aliud quo res putrescant atque separantur in aquam vitae But though Meat and Drink do after a manner putrify in us to wit that putrefaction is a kind of transmutation of one thing into another yet in our Digestions the Spirit of the Water of Life is not extracted out of Pot-Herbs Pulse Corn Apples by the same putrefaction and action of a Ferment derived from the Spleen because the designe of our Nature is not to procreate for it self a Water of Life but a far different Ferment in us by which things are resolved into Chyle and another by which things do putrify and are separated for the Water of Life Here the witty Author doth plainly hold that Meat and Drink are resolved by putrefaction in reference to Concoction and that the Vital Spirit is not immediately produced out of divers sorts of Aliments in the Stomach by putrefaction and action of the Ferment relating to the Spleen by which the nourishment is resolved into Chyle and another Ferment by which the alimentary Liquor doth putrifie and is separated from the Liquor of Life and here he plainly affirmeth that Meat and Drink are turned into Chyle and Chyle into Blood which he stileth as I conceive the Water of Life by putrefaction telling a little after Tot nempe esse Fermenta Digestiva specifica tot putrefactionum varietate that there are many specifick digestive Ferments as there are distinctions of putrefactions In order to make a Reply to the improbability of this opinion it may be reasonable to give an account of the nature of putrefaction which Aristotle thus defineth lib. 4. meteorum cap. primo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That putrefaction is a corruption of the proper and natural Heat existing in a moist Body by extraneous Heat is Lodged in an ambient Body This definition doth comprehend in it Putrefaction is made in a moist Body by ambient Heat which corrupteth the natural all the terms of a perfect demonstration wherein it doth demonstrate the proper Affection to be in a proper Subject by a proper Cause The proper Subject is a moist Body for nothing is capable of putrefaction but under the notion of moisture and the Cause is ambient Heat which is not only seated in the Elements of Air and Water but in every Body encircling another within its warm embraces which may give a trouble to its inward native Heat by rendring it too intense and unkindly so that in fine putrefaction is a corruption of the natural Heat so far destructive of the material dispositions of the Body that it cannot entertain its more active and noble Principle as its ultimate perfection which is confounded by extraneous Heat Whereupon according to this definition of Aristotle if the natural Heat and inward Principles of the Aliment be corrupted by the ambient Heat of the Stomach and neighbouring parts the viscera and the different operations of the various Ferments corrupting the body of the Nourishment lodged in the Ventricle The putrefaction of the Aliment depraveth the mass of Blood it must necessarily induce such depraved Dispositions into the alimentary Liquor which are inconsistent with the support of the mass of Blood as it is compounded of pure Spirituous Sulphurous and Saline Particles great enemies
of the Brain in the eighth pair of Nerves and from thence into the Stomacick Nerves whereby they are robbed of their due Tenseness and Tone for want of animal Liquor and Spirits which rendreth the Stomack unable to contract its Fibres and enclose the Aliment whence it is thrown out of the confines of the Ventricle before it receiveth a due Concoction A Third Cause of distoning the Stomach The ill Tone of the Stomach may be derived from a cold and moist distemper proceedeth from a cold and moist distemper derived from a great quantity of watry Humours in Dropsies mixing with the mass of Blood passing by the Celiack Arterie into the Interstices of the Vessels belonging to the Stomach where it chilleth and moisteneth the Nervous Fibres rendring them flaccide and uncapable to retain Meat and Drink in reference to the extraction of Chyle A Fourth Cause of distoning the Stomach Another cause of an ill Tone of the Stomach may come from an ill Conformation may arise from an ill Conformation wherein the Interstices of the Filaments composing the Nerves are taken away or much lessened by a compression of the Fibres in Inflammations and Oedematous Tumours wherein Blood or pituitous Humours being extravasated and stagnant in the empty spaces interceding the nervous Fibrils of the Stomach do swell it beyond its natural Dimensions and thereby compress the Filaments of the Nerves by straightening their Interstices whence the influx of the Nervous Liquor is stopped or much checked at least and the Fibrils lose their plumpness and vigor as being made unapt for Contraction and Retention of Aliment in the bosome of the Stomach And not only the substance of the Ventricle is tumified with extravasated Humours The inward Coat of the Stomach is sometimes affected with Pustles but also the inward Coat is beset with numerous pustles flowing from Serous Liquor in a malignant Fever ousing out of the capillary Arteries and raising the inward Tunicle of the Stomach into many small protuberancies hindring its Contraction in order to Concoction which prove fatal to the Patient Of these Tumors Thomas Bartholine giveth an Instance in his Fourscore and twelfth History of his Third Century where he mentioneth a Polonian who was surprized with a great weakness caused by a pestilential Fever and his Body being opened after Death the inward Coat of his Stomach was found all bespecked with little transparent Swellings big with clear Liquor flowing out of the extreamities of the Vessels The Fifth Cause of the weak Tone of the Stomach An ill Tone of the Stomach proceeding from Emaciation of the Stomach may be deduced from too great a thinness or an emaciated substance of the Ventricle wherein the Filaments shrink up and are closely conjoyned for want of due Aliment as in great Atrophy's and Hectick Fevers wherin the Blood and Animal Liquor and Spirits are exhausted whereupon their Nerves being destitute of due nourishment grow over Dry and Tense and unfit for Motion in reference to a close Confinement of Meat and Drink in order to Chylification A Sixth Cause of a disabled Compage of Stomach Another cause of an ill Tone of the Stomach may arise out of the over-Tenseness of the Fibres may be taken from another kind of over-Tenseness of its Fibres in Hypocondriacal Diseases oppressed with vaporous animal Liquor and Spirits filling up the Interstices of the Filaments which rendereth the Fibres over-stiff and hindreth the Contraction of the Stomach founded in a pliable Frame to retain the Contents till their Virtue is extracted by a due Fermentation The seventh Cause of inducing an infirm Tone into the Stomach Another cause of a weak Tone may proceed from Inflation is produced by a great Inflation proceeding from an ill Concoction of Aliment or transmitted from other parts whereupon the Fibres being distended beyond their due limits lose their Tone Vigor and Motion so that they are rendred uncapable duly to Contract themselves to immure the solid and liquid Aliment within the soft inclosures of the Stomach to draw off the Milky Tincture And the Stomach is not only swelled by a Flatus The Stomach may be swelled by a quantity of serous Liquor lodged in the Cavity of it but with Serous Liquor lodged in it destilling out of the Capillary Arteries terminating into the inward Coat of the Stomach stretching the Fibres of the Stomach beyond the Dimensions assigned by Nature which very much weakneth the Fibres in an over-much Distention so that they cannot reduce themselves by Contraction in order to embrace the Aliment Of this Preternatural swelling Learned Doctor Sturton gave me an account in a Person of Honour related to the Honourable Family of Rutland whose Stomach was distended to so great a bigness that it seemed to be blown up like a Bladder with a prodigious quantity of Serous Liquor weighing Sixteen pound some of which being exposed to the Fire in a small Vessel did Coagulate and resemble the White of an Egg Whereupon I conceive this Transparent Liquor to be the Chrystalline part of the Blood having a power of Concretion when set upon the Fire And the Stomach is not only discomposed by a vitiated Conformation The union of the Stomach is violated in Exulcerations but also by a violated union of the Fibrous parts wherein they are Disjoyned as Corroded by sharp Humours in Exulcerations by reason the Blood being stagnant in the Interstices of the Vessels of the Stomach so that it cannot be returned by Circulation and afterward the Serous Liquor degenerates into a putrid Matter corrupting the Fibres destructive of their Tone in making them unable to Contract themselves in order to Concoction Zacutus Lusitanus Lib. 2. De Praxi Medi. Admirab Giveth an Instance of a Sick Person labouring with a great Pain and Weight of his Stomach and afterward was afflicted with a troublesome Vomiting wherein he threw up a lump of Purulent Matter mixed with Blood resembling the Figure of Cypress Nut arising out of a Tumour in the Stomach Suppurated and turned into an Ulcerous Matter wherein the Concoctive Faculty of the Stomach was made weak in reference to contract its Fibres and digest its Nourishment Having Discoursed Apepsy The weakned Tone may be drawn from the same causes in a lower degree which were recounted in the lost Tone of the Stomach the frustrated Concoctive Faculty of the Stomach proceeding from the Distoned Fibres of it I will speak somewhat of Bradupepsy of an infirm Concoction which may be deduced not from the Tone of the Ventricle enervated but only weakned which may take its rise from many of the same Causes recited in the Conformation of the Stomach but in more remiss degrees and from the ill Temper of it either when the heat is excessive as in Fevers caused by the Ebullition of Blood having recourse to the Stomach by the Caeliack Artery or when the Vital Liquor is over-acted with heat in violent Motion of the Body
Relaxation of the Fibres rendring them unfit for action it indicates the opening of a Vein to sollicite the Motion of the Blood settled in the spaces of the Vessels and also Emollient and Cooling Apozems are to be advised to take off the Inflammation by softening the Tumour and attempering the Mass of Blood And in case an Inflammation do degenerate into an Abscess of the Stomach attended with gross and serous Recrements The Abscess and Ulcer of the Stomach is Cured by cleansing and drying and consolidating Diet Drinks it indicates cleansing and drying Medicines And as an Ulcer the consequent of an Abscess it supposeth a violated union of parts and requireth Consolidating Applications to reduce the broken Fibres to Union Tone and Vigor in order to their proper actions of Retention and Concoction of Aliment The Emaciation of the substance of the Stomach is Cured by cold and moist and Restorative Drinks In reference to an Emaciated indisposition of the Stomach as it ariseth from a hot and dry Temper in a Hectick Fever it is Obviated with Cold Moist and Restorative Drinks reducing the Blood and integrals of the Stomach to their natural Temper and Constitution The irregular distention of the Stomach The Inflation of the Stomach is Cured by Emollient and Discutient Medicines proceeding from an Inflation of Wind over-much streining and weakning the Carnous and Nervous Fibres doth denote Purging Emollient and Discutient Medicines to free the Stomach from its importunate Guests and to bring the Fibres to their former Temper and Strength to give them the advantage of Contracting themselves for the repose and due Fermentation of the Aliment A Cure also may be had The foulness of the Stomâ—ch is dischaâ—ged by Vomiting Purging and opâ—ning Medicines aâ—d Astringents at last to strengthen the Tone of the Stomach to take away the depraved Concoction of the Stomach depending upon the abundance of Cholerick Recrements floating in the Ventricles whereupon gentle Vomiting Purging and Aperient Medicines are to be advised to discharge the Stomach of its troublesome attendants and afterward bitter and astringent Apozems Testaceous Powders are to be given to strengthen the Tone of the Stomach to conserve its Contents till the Milky Tincture is extracted by a due Intestine Motion The Concoctive Faculty is not only disaffected by reason of the lost and weakned Tone of the Stomach but also by the distempered natural Heat by ill Ferments and by default of the Aliment As to the first The heaâ— of the Stomach doth denote cooling and tempâ—rate Julaps The Concoction is much discomposed sometimes by too intense and othertimes by too remiss Degrees of natural heat of the Stomach chiefly if not wholly derived from the Vital Spirits and heat of the Blood the cause of Life and Intestine Motion which if disordered in Fevers doth indicate cooling Medicines and temperate Cordial Julaps and Apozems which do attemper the Mass of Blood whose fiery Steams and Recrements are also very happily discharged by the Cutaneous Glands secerning the hot and impure parts of the Blood from the more temperate and pure through the Excretory Ducts and Pores of the Skin which may be safely promoted by gentle Diaphoreticks whereupon the disaffected heat of the Blood is reduced to its natural Temper and the Concoctive Faculty repaired As to the remiss Degrees of heat in the Stomach The cool and moist temper proceeding from serous Recrements is Cured by gentle Hydragogues and warm Diureticks they may spring from cold and moist Humors diluting the Blood in Hydropick Distempers whose Potulent Matter overchargeth and chilleth the Purple Liquor which may be discharged by gentle Hydragogues and warm Diureticks sometimes impraegnated with Acid and sometimes with Lixivial Salts and sometimes with fixed and saline Particles volatized by the Heat and Spirit and principally by the Volatil Salt of the Blood whence it being put into Fermentation caused by the active and pungent parts of different Salts hath recourse to the Kidneys in whose Glands a separation being made and the watry Liquor disserviceable to the Blood is discharged by the Urinary Vessels into the Pelvis and Ureters and the depurated Blood returned again by the Emulgent and hollow Vein into the Heart and so passeth by several Vessels of the Lungs and through the left Ventricle of the Heart into the descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Caeliack Artery into the Stomach whose heat is enlivened by the separation of the watry Recrements of the Blood in the Kidneys and by the temperate Drinking of moderate Astringent Wines which do chear up the remiss heat and strengthen the infirm Tone of the Stomach The ill Ferments of the Stomach the efficients of the bad Elaboration of Aliment is caused by gross Air affected by ill Steams by indisposed Salival Serous and Nervous Liquor First A good Air doth highly assist the Concoctive Faculty The Air is ill qualified when Stagnant in woody Countreys upon defect of Winds which purge it by Motion or when the Air is corrupted by gross Exhalations arising out of Fenny or Marish Ground or out of standing Waters as Lakes and great Ponds which grow putrid and stench the Air which is also spoiled by noisome Vapors exhaling out of dead and corrupted Bodies not interred or out of Grounds praegnant with ill and poisonous Minerals Wherefore my humble Advise is To make as good provision as may be by seating our selves upon the sides of Hills or dry Grounds in a free and serene Air or if our Houses be built by our Ancestors near Woods or rather in them to cut so much of them down to give an advantage of open Air which much attenuateth the Blood and assisteth Concoction as mixed with the masticated Aliment in the Mouth whereby it doth insinuate it self with it and open its Compage and fit it for a due Fermentation in the Stomach whereupon the alimentary Liquor is extracted by a separation of the faeculent parts from the more pure and beneficial to nature The Concoction also is very much frustrated The defect of salival Liquor is repaired by moist Medicines restorative Drinks and Broths and all kind of thin Suppings either by the defect of good quality in the salival Liquor or by its too sparing quantity when for want of its due proprtion solid Aliment remaineth hard so that it cannot be easily masticated in the Mouth wherein it is broken into small parts with great difficulty as being not diluted with salival Liquors a good Menstruum ordained by nature to assist the Teeth in the Comminution of nourishment which is found in Hectick Fevers and other Chronick hot Distempers of the Body exhausting the Serous Liquor of the Blood and salival Juyce flowing from it which is repaired by the assumption of restorative Drinks Broths Wine thin Apozems made with China and Sarsaparilla Emulsions made of cooling Seeds Barley Water and the like And the salival Liquor is an impediment to Concoction The ill
into the Guts wherein these serous parts of the Blood being highly enobled with its Volatil Saline and Sulphureous Particles endued with a subtle and active Constitution do insinuate themselves into Porous parts of the Alimentary Liquor and act it with a new Effervescence whereby it is very much Meliorated and improved conspicuous in the white dress of Chyle accompanied with new and more inward noble Dispositions The last and most excellent Ferment The fourth Ferment of the Guts is a Nervous Liquor belonging to the Concoctive Faculty of the Intestines is the Nervous Liquor taking its first rise from the Cortical Glands of the Brain and being received into the Extreamities of the Nervous Fibrils is thence transmitted through the various Processes of the Brain into the Intercostal Nerves and Par Vagum and afterward into the numerous Mesenterick Branches implanted into the Glands of the Intestines out of whose Terminations the Animal Liquor doth destil into the interstices of the Vessels appertaining to the Glands of the Guts wherein the Succus Nutricius associated with the more Albuminous parts of the Blood is conveyed through the Minute Pores of the Intestines into their Cavity wherein this noble Liquor impraegnated with Volatil Saline Particles and Animal Spirits inspired with Elastick Particles of Air doth embody it self with the Liquid parts of Meat not digested in the Stomach and thence thrown into the Guts whereupon the Chyle is very much hightned by the Volatil and Spirituous Particles of Nervous Liquor and rendred more fluid and fit for Motion into the Lacteal Vessels A now I will endeavour to give a more clear Discription of the Elaboration of Chyle in the Intestines The Concoction of the Chyle in the Guts how it is accomplished where the Contents of the Stomach moistned with Salival Liquor inspired with intraereal Particles in the Mouth are acted with Vital Heat flowing from the Blood of the Stomach and parts adjacent and impraegnated with Serous and Nervous Liquor whereby some Alimentary parts are extracted in the Ventricle and others pass confused with the crude Nourishment into the Guts where they encounter many other Ferments of Pancreatick Bilious Serous and Nervous Liquor whereupon the subject matter of Concoction consisting in its own nature of various Elements of which all mixed Bodies are composed is also improved by many different Ferments which being constituted of opposite Principles do make great Conflicts with each other and produce an Effervescence and intestine Motion as both the Contents of the Intestines and the divers Ferments confaederated with them are made up of different Salts and Sulphurs Acids and Alkalys some fixed and gross and others Volatil and Spirituous which are so many Combatants entring the List and fighting for Victory and the subdued and conquered Parties do at last close with each other in an amicable Converse Whereupon the Compage of the Aliment being opened and concocted in the Stomach and then transmitted to the Guts and farther Extracted and Colliquated by reason the disagreeing Alimentary parts being rendred Homogeneous do enter into Association as being ambitious to perfect and conserve each other and do quit the company of grosser parts disserviceable to Nutricion by a kind of Precipitation which is chiefly effected by Nitrous Particles of Air mixed with the Contents entertained in the Intestines which do enlarge their Dimensions produced by the Expansive Motion of Elastick Particles of Air Whereupon the Similar parts of the extracted Aliment have a liberty to enter into the interstices of the opened Contents and do there unite and assimilate with each other and do abandon the converse of the Excrementitious and Earthy parts which are protruded from one part of the Guts to the other by their Peristaltick Motion which at the same time impelleth the Extracted Chyle into the Extreamities of the Lacteal Vessels CHAP. XL. Of the Expulsive Faculty of the Guts NAture The Expulsive Faculty of the Guts rendreth our Life comfortable out of its great Care and Providence to Complace Man doth use all means and methods of Ease to speak his Life comfortable in the fruition of a quiet Repose whereupon the great Architect hath most wisely contrived fit instruments of Expulsion to gratifie His Creatures in the discharge of any offensive Matter The Liver and Pancreas do empty the troublesome Recrements of Bilious and Pancreatick Liquor by proper Excretory Ducts inward into the Duodenum and the Lymphaeducts their Lympha into the common Receptacle The Kidneys do exonerate their watry saline Faeces by the Ureters into the Bladder The Guts do free themselves from their load of gross Excrements by the Anus The Expulsive Faculty and Operation The first condition of the Expulsive Faculty of the Guts is to be endued with manifest Cavities commonly stiled the Peristaltick Motion requireth many Conditions as qualifications to accomplish its due natural Constitution The first is to be endued with manifest Cavities as Receptacles of the gross Faeces which Nature out of its prudence hath made Orbicular for the larger reception and the more easie evacuation of the Excrements which I as humbly conceive will more readily move in round Perforations The second Requisite The second requisite of the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts is to be pliable as membraneous adapted to the Peristaltick Motion is the Membranous nature of the Intestines which rendreth them soft and pliable fit for extension in the reception of Excrements and afterward for Contraction in order to their Expulsion when they grow troublesome to the tender Compage of the Intestines The third qualification of the Guts The third requisite rendreth the Guts sensible destined to their Peristaltick Motion is that they should be affected with Sense whereupon the inward Coat is a fine Contexture made of numerous Nervous Filaments to resent the burden of Excrements and to be a Remembrancer to the Expulsive Faculty to do its duty in throwing the troublesome Geusts out of Doors The fourth and chief instrument of Peristaltick Motion The fourth condition of the Peristaltick Motion are the Carnous Fibres are the Carnous Fibres dressing the second Coat of the Guts which are drawn into consent by the appulses of the Contents lodged in the Intestines first made upon the Nervous Coat which is a Monitor to the fleshy Fibres to act their part in contracting themselves and the Coat and Cavity of the Guts in order to eject Excrements The Expulsive Faculty is endued with divers kinds of Motion The expulsive power of the Guts hath various motions The first is regular from the origen of the Guts to the Anus The first is Natural which is performed by the regular motion of the Guts from their Origen toward their Termination beginning near the Pylorus in the Duodenum and then is carried to the Jejunum and Ileon and afterward into the Colon in which the motion is first made upward in the right side to the Liver and afterward horizontally under the
into the Spleen and doth accommodate it with fruitful Branches and Fibres of Nerves propagated in numerous plexes through the whole frame of the Spleen whose Extreamities are inserted into the substance of the Glands and do dispense Nervous Liquor into the Interstices of their Vessels where it confederates with the Blood impelled out of the termination of the Arteries much exalted with this select Liquor Whereupon it is evident that the Spleen is a Compage for the most part made up of Nerves and Fibres exceeding other Vessels in number carrying Liquor into the Parenchyma of the Glands The use of the Spieen may be to prepare a Ferment for the Liver in order to the secretion of the Bilious Humors from the Blood where it meeteth with the Blood which afterward acquireth an acidity in the Spleen whose taste is sourish upon Boiling so that it may be conjectured that one use of the Spleen may be to prepare a Ferment for the Liver to assist it in order to a Secretion of the Bilious from the more delicate and mild parts of the Blood And to this end the Nervous Liquor inspired with Animal Spirits and impraegnated with Volatil Saline Particles is embodied in the substance of the Glands with the Sub-acid and other Heterogeneous parts of the Blood which is transmitted first into the Extreamities of the Splenick Veins and thence by the Porta into the Glands of the Liver wherein the Splenick Blood mixed with that brought in by the other Branches of the Porta doth open the Compage of the Vital Liquor and dispose it for a secretion of the Bilious parts from the more sweet that they may be received into the Extreamities of the Vasa Fellea and Choledoch Ducts implanted into the substance of the Hepatick Glands CHAP. IV. The Spleen of Beasts THe Spleen of great Beasts as Oxen Deer Sheep Horses c. are adorned with an Oblong Figure somewhat resembling the Tongue of a Bullock and is seated in length downward in the Left Side but in a Lion it is lodged crossways from the Left toward the Right Hypoconder The Spleen of a Lion and hath its †T 17 F. 2. Origen confining on the Left Side which is larger in Dimensions then the other Extreamity and groweth less and less †b. toward its Termination and passeth almost in a straight course †d d d. The Spleen of a Lion hath two Surfaces the upper is convex †T. 17. F. 2. a a a. and is furnished in one part with an eminent Prominence †A. The concave and lower region of the Spleen is crooked as endued with a Semicircular Figure †f f f. It hath its connexion with the Stomach by reason of its Protuberance †g. and is joyned to the But-end of the Pancreas †h h. in its lower Region which is Semicircular The Spleen of a Castor is very small three Inches in length The Spleen of a Cassor not half a one in breadth and a quarter of one in thickness and is endued with a pale Red Colour and a soft substance and resembleth a Fillet or Hairlace fastned to the Stomach The Spleen of an African Goat is beautified with an Oval Figure The Spleen of of African Goat and is seated in the Left Hypocondre and affixed by Membranous interpositions in a great part to the lower region of the Stomach As to the shape of the Spleen of a Dog it is different from that of Mans The Spleen of a Dog and doth not resemble the Tongue of a Bullock as being sharp pointed where it faceth the Midriff The Spleen of an Ape is adorned with a kind of Triangular Figure The Spleen of an Ape of unequal Sides and somewhat resembleth a Scalenum but in truth according to my apprehension it seemeth to resemble the Heart of a Bird and its Base †T. 18. F. 1. F. is adjoyning to the greatest part of the Pancreas and its Cone is turned upward †T. 18. F. 1. k. In a subtle Beast called by the Latines Hyaena The Spleen of an Hyaena it is hued in some part with a Red Colour and in another with a Livid and is harder in substance then the Liver and less in bulk and in reference to situation it is lodged from the Left Hypocondre toward the fore part of the lowest Venter and resembleth in shape the compressed Legs of an Infant The Spleen of an Indian Bore The Spleen of an Indian Bore is not seated under the Ribs of the Left Side as in Man and in most perfect Animals but cross the lower Venter as in a Lion and is fastned by Ligaments to the fat Membranes of the Kidneys and is almost two handfuls in length and but a Finger in thickness The Spleen of a Tygre is less in Dimensions then that of a Lion The Spleen of a Tygre and is biggest above in its Origen and groweth less and less toward its Termination and is hued with a bright florid red Colour The Spleen of a Porcupine doth encircle in its embraces The Spleen of a Porcupine a great part of the Stomach to which it is not at all affixed by any Ligament or Membranous interposition The Spleen of a Hare is very small in Dimensions The Spleen of a Hare which are somewhat greater in its beginning and very Minute in its Termination which endeth in a kind of Point it is fastned to the Stomach by the mediation of Vessels In a Hedg-Hog The Spleen of a Hedg-Hog it is endued with a longish round Figure or rather with an obtuse Cone in one part and with a more acute in the other and is fastned to the Stomach by the help of a Membrane The Spleen of a Land Tortoise The Spleen of a Land Tortoise is seated about the Duodenum inclining toward the hinder region of the lower Apartiment it is very small and of a blackish Colour and fastned to the Duodenum by the interposition of many Blood Vessels CHAP. V. The Spleen of Birds THe Spleen of a Goose The Spleen of a Goose is graced with a Triangular Figure whose Base is tied to the Right Side of the Gulet near its Termination and the lower Extreamity of the Gizard and its Cone to the Guts It is tinged with a darker Colour then the Liver and is seated in the Lest Side somewhat under the lower region of the Gizard near its Origen to which it is conjoyned by a thin Membranous interposition The Spleen of a Duck The Spleen of a Duck. is endued with a brighter Red then the Liver and is adorned with a Triangular Figure and its Base is joyned to the Guts and its third Angle is affixed to the lower Region of the Gizard near its Origination and another part of the Spleen is fastned to the Termination of the Gulet The Spleen of a Partridg The Spleen of a Partridg is adorned
Descendent Trunk of the Cava and right Ventricle of the Heart The truth of this Assertion An Experiment proving Concretion to be derived from Acid Liquors may be farther evinced by this experiment of putting Verjuice the Juice of unripe Grapes Juice of Limons destilled Vinegar Spirit of Vitriol Spirit of Sulphur Spirit of Salt Spirit of Nitre into a Porringer and then let the Blood stream out of a healthy Mans Arm or any other part into it and the Blood becometh black and of a greater Consistence by reason its fluid parts are presently incrassated somewhat resembling melted Pitch or the Lees of deep Red Wine and as Blood is let out upon more mild or strong Acid Liquors in greater or less proportion you may observe various degrees of Blackness and Consistence In strong Acid Spirits of Vitriol and Nitre the Blood is wholly Coagulated both in its Purple and Serous parts Acids work the same effect in Arterious Blood which is let out of the Temporal Artery a branch of the External Carotides upon Inflammations of the Eyes and great pains in the Head c. which I have often ordered with good Success A farther Experiment may be offered Acid Liquors producing divers sorts of Concretion in the Blood in besprinkling one Porringer with drops of Juice squeesed out of unripe Grapes and another with Vinegar into which Blood being immitted out of a sound young Man by opening a Vein in the first Porringer the Blood was clothed with black and full of dregs like Lees of Wine in the second the Blood was found much blacker and thicker and altogether Grumous wholly Coagulated without any serous parts swimming upon the top of the Red Crassament And that a more clear account may be given of the various incrassating vertues of divers kinds of Acid Liquors the Axillary Arteries of both Trunks may be opened in a Sheep and the hasty streams of Blood may be received into divers Vessels bedewed with different Acids giving variety of Coagulations to the Blood which treat our Eyes with pleasure and delight whereupon we may be induced to believe upon good grounds that the Blood impelled by the Splenick Arteries into the Membranous Cells and Glands of the Spleen may receive greater and greater Blackness and Coagulation as confederated with divers kinds of Acids which sometimes Incrassate and render the Blood black and grumous like melted Pitch and Lees of Red Wine and other times wholly Concrete it without any separation of the Serous from the Purple Liquor whence proceed great indurations of the Spleen and Scirrhous Tumours produced by divers sorts of Acid Recrements endued with higher and higher Incrassating and Coagulating qualities So that we may make this Inference That Indurations and Scirrhous Tumours of the Spleen take their rise from gross Blood associated with Acid Recrements and stagnated in the Membranous Cells and Glands whereby the Extravasated Blood by its longer and longer stay receiveth higher degrees of Acidity inducing greater Induration and Scirrhous Tumours which are often accompanied with an Atrophy and Ascitis proceeding from a vitiated gross Mass of Blood whose watry Particles are not separated in the Glands of the Kidneys and thence conveyed through the Roots of the Urinary Ducts and Papillary Caruncles into the Pelvis A Noble Person being very much Emaciated and having a dark yellowish Countenance was afflicted with a great Swelling in his â—eft Hypocondre and his lean Thighs and Legs did swell a little before his Death and the fore parts of his Legs were vexed with angry Blistered Tumours the attendants of an Erysipelus and fore-runners of his Departure Afterward his Belly being opened streams of clear Water gushed out in which no Omentum was found which is commonly putrid in Dropsies and then the Muscles of the Abdomen being cut in manner of a Cross an indurated Scirrhous Spleen appeared tied to the Left Hypoconder by great variety of Fibres and its substance within was Black and Putrid and the Spleen resembled a Turbat in Figure as being somewhat Quadrangular and equal in length and breadth CHAP. VII Of the Liver HAving Treated of the Spleen and all its variety of parts set together in excellent order speaking the Wisdom of the Grand Architect as an assistant of the Liver in making a Ferment and disposing the Blood in order to a secretion of the Bilious parts of the Liver The description of the Liver I will now handle this noble Intral as it is a Collective Body of several parts Membranes Vessels Glands and Parenchyma which are so many Integrals making one entire body of the Liver which is seated in the upper Region of the lower Apartiment relating to the fine Fabrick of a Humane Body about a Fingers distance from the Midriff in the right Hypocondre which is much filled up by its Bulk and is extended toward the Left Side a little beyond the Ensiform Cartilage to whom it is fastened by one of its Ligaments It is adorned with a Superior and Inferior Surface The convex surface of the Liver the upper being Convex is contiguous by the interposition of the Rim of the Belly to the Bastard Ribs and to a great part of the Diaphragme and to the hinder Region of the right Hypocondre about the right part of the Spine to which it taketh its progress Crossways and giveth way to the Vena Cava perforating the Midriff and doth guard it in its descent between its hinder part and the Spine The Concave part of the Liver The concave surface of the Liver doth cover the Pylorus and the upper and fore Region of the Stomach and some part of the Caul The right part of the Concave Surface of the Liver reacheth to the right Kidney and investeth some part of the Colon seated in that side and covereth the whole Duodenum and some part of Jejunum and Caul The lower Margent of the Liver and its lowest Confines in a sound Body do descend below the Ribs into the Cavity of the Belly and come near the Navil and in unhealthy Persons go beyond it The Liver is seated in the right Hypocondre The Liver is seated in the right Hypocondre by the great Prudence of the Heavenly Agent to be near the Vena Cava from which it borroweth many considerable Branches and hath only a small Artery called the Caeliack sprouting out of the Descendent Trunk of the Aorta seated in the left Side as deriving its Origen from the left Auricle of the Heart And upon this account the Livers of other Animals as well as Man have their greatest part lodged in the right Hypocondre and their Spleens in the left as having great Communion The Liver hath a double Surface The reason of the convex surface of the Liver the one Gibbous the other Concave The first is made Convex that it might be the more conveniently received into the bosome of the hollow Region of the Diaphragme in its relaxation or else there would
humbly conceive but some Particles of Blood interlining the Vessels in their passage from one Extreamity to another whereby their outward Surface is tinged with Red by the accretions of Vital Liquor sticking to them But if the substance of these Glands The substance of the Glands conceived under a large notion be apprehended under a more free and large Conception it is more Comprehensive and is a System of various kinds of Veins Nerves Excretory Vessels as Lymphaeducts belonging to the Porus Bilarius and Bladder of Gall whose Interstices are filled up after a manner with some Particles of accreted Purple Liquor left behind in its Motion between the various Tubes chiefly composing the substance of the Glands The Vessels of the Porta The various origen of the Vena Porta derived from the Stomach Spleen Caul Mesentery Intestines do Coalesce into one common Trunk which entring into the Concave Region of the Liver about its Center doth divide it self into five Branches of which Four of them do emit fruitful Ramifications terminating into the Glands relating to the hollow parts of the Liver And the Fifth Branch of the Porta within the Liver doth make many Divarications which do end with numerous Capillaries inserted into the Glands besetting the Convex part of the Liver The Vena Cava The rise of the Vena Cava arising out of the Descendent Trunk a little below the Midriff doth send forth many Branches and Ramulets into the body of the Glands seated in all Regions of the Liver which associate with the Divarications of the Porta sometimes in a Transverse position by climbing over them wherein the Vessels of the Cava do lean one upon another and other times the Extreamities of the Cava are conjoyned to the middle of the Branches of the Porta and most commonly the Terminations of the Porta do approach the Roots of the Cava that the Blood depurated in the body of the Glands may be received into the Orifices of the Capillaries belonging to the Cava The Nerves of the Liver do proceed from the Intercostal Trunk and Mesenterick Plex of the right side The origen of the Lymphaeducts belonging to the Liver The Nerves derived from the Intercostal Trunk and Par Vagum do send forth numerous Divarications of Fibres constituting the upper Mesenterick Plex of the Right Side called by Doctor Willis the Hepatick Rowl because it furnisheth the Glands of the Liver into which they are implanted with fruitful Fibrils The Lymphaeducts do arise out of the substance of the Glands of the Liver to which they are Ministerial as receptive of a thin Liquor the Recrement of the Blood and Nervous Juice do Enamel the Coats of the Porta branching themselves first within the substance of the Globules seated in the body of the Liver and afterward are more conspicuous upon the Porta before its ingress into the Concave part of the Liver and a Ligature being made upon that part of the Mesentery which tieth the Liver to the Stomach and Intestines and upon the Porta with the Ductus Bilarius which being effected in a live Animal the Lymphaeducts will swell between the Ligature and the Liver which plainly evinceth the rise of the Lymphaeducts to come from the Glands of this Bowel and their Liquor to stream from them toward the Mesentery and common Receptacle into which the Lymphaeducts discharge their Liquor The Excretory Vessels The Excretory Vessels appertaining to the Porus Bilarius relating to the Porus Bilarius have very many Branches accompanying those of the Porta and are implanted near them with innumerable Capillaries into the substance of the Glands every way besetting the body of the Liver but these Excretories do no where associciate with the Vena Cava in the Glands unless it be at some distance by the interposition of the Branches of the Porta The Excretory Vessels The Excretory Ducts belonging to the Bladder of Gall. belonging to the Bladder of Gall are not so numerous as those of the Porus Bilarius and are companions of the Porta and have many Ramulets and Capillaries inserted into the substance of the Glands lodged in the Concave Region of the Liver wherein a Secretion is made in the Blood of some Particles of the Bilious Recrements conveyed first into the Roots of these Excretories and afterward by the Cystick Duct into the Receptacle of Gall. Having given an account of the substance and various Vessels of the Liver how they are implanted with many Minute Branches and Capillaries into the Glands My intendment at this time is to shew the Use of them which dependeth very much upon its Structure as composed of several parts subservient to the Depuration of the Vital Liquor in its recourse toward the Heart Hyppocrates in his Book of Glands saith They have a peculiar substance not found in other parts of the Body and is Rare Spongy and Friable full of Vessels by which the Humours are imported into and exported the Glands of the Liver as so many Collatories of the Vital Juice The Blood being brought from the Neighbouring parts The use of the Glands as they are Colatories of the Blood associated with Nervous Liquor opening the compage of the Blood and rendring it fit for Secretion by the numerous Divarications of the Porta terminating into the Glands seated in all Regions of the Liver wherein the Blood is associated with the Liquor destilling out of the Terminations of the Nerves whereby it is impraegnated with volatil saline Particles and the elastick atomes of Animal Spirits opening the Compage of the Purple Liquor and rendring it fit for Secretion in the substance or interstices of the Vessels appertaining to the Glands whereupon the Blood is severed from its various Recrements and some and the more mild Bilous parts are carried by the most proper Excretories into the receptacle of Gall and other more harsh Faeces of Choller are transmitted into the Extreamities of the Bilarian Vessels first into the Choledoch Duct and afterward into the bosome of the Duodenum The other Recrement secerned from the Blood in the inward Recesses of the Glands of the Liver is a thin Transparent Liquor conveyed into the Extreamities of the Lymphaeducts and afterward conveyed by their manifold Branches through the Mesentery into the common Receptacle where it meeteth with the Chyle and embodieth with it and by its Attenuation doth render it fit for Motion through the Thoracic Ducts into the Subclavian Veins CHAP. IX Of the Lymphaeducts of the Liver I Have Discoursed of the Arteries Veins Nerves and Excretories belonging both to the Porus Bilarius and Bladder of Gall My Province at this time is to handle the other Vessels with which the Liver is adorned called Lymphaeducts whose common Conception doth present us with divers Considerables their Structure Origen Situation and Insertion As to the first They are invested with a thin Transparent Coat The structure of the Lymphaeducts and being small Membranous Tubes do encircle
into the glands of the Liver is carried first by the Caeliack Artery derived from the Descendent Trunk of the Aorta and afterward is received into the Extreamities of the Porta lodged in divers neighbouring Bowels and then transmitted by its fruitful Branches and Capillaries terminating into the substance of the Glands wherein it meeteth with Volatil Saline and Spirituous Particles of Liquor coming out of the Extreamities of the Nerves and disposing it for a Secretion which being made the more mild and gross Particles are carried into the Excretories belonging to the Choledoch Duct and the thin and Acrimonious into the Bladder of Gall. The principles of which Choler is compounded Choler is compounded of few Spirituous and Sulphureous parts are a very few spirituous parts somewhat of Sulphur and more Salt and Earth diluted with watry Particles As to Spirituous parts they are small in proportion to the other by reason the sweet Atomes are evaporated and the Remanent parts grow effaete and fixed The Sulphureous Elements truly so called are not many because they are not fat and oily participating the nature of Sulphur and are not easily inflammable which cannot be attributed to Choler by reason it rather quencheth Fire as well as Water and no way raiseth it into a flame as all oily and fat substances most evidently do So that the oily parts which are inflammable in Bile are evaporated and the Earthy and Salt Particles of Sulphur remain in it as exalted by the Vital heat from whence bitterness in Bile taketh its Origen and in Distillation it infecteth the Air with a stinking noisome smell Salt is very abundant in Choler Bile is full of Salt and giveth the Sulphureous parts an Acrimonious disposition by rendring them corrosive it is also endued with a detersive quality which is very plain in its Scowring virtue wherein it fetcheth out stains of Grease and other Ingredients in Cloth and Silk The watry Particles are very manifest in Choler The watry parts of Choler are very visible as they are a thin liquid and fluid Body not easily bounded by its own parts which are easily disjoyned in Motion as naturally separable and flowing from each other if left to their own conduct and are readily stopped when confined within the concave surface of a solid Body The Earthy and Saline parts of Bile are more fixed Bile hath also carthy and saline parts which will subside in Water as Learned Dr. Glysson hath observed and often have a petrifying quality by which the more gross and earthy parts do grow hard being turned into Stone by a kind of Precipitation or concretion in the Choledoch Duct and are sometimes endued outwardly with a pale colour and inwardly with a yellow and other times with a whitish colour within and a brownish without and sometimes have so fragile and friable temper that they fall in pieces when handled and so light and spungy that they will swim upon the surface of Water This loose and friable nature of Stone in the Liver and Vesicle of Gall may arise from the few parts of Earth and many of Sulphur and Saline parts diluted with Water which rendreth the concreted loose and spungy as wanting a due caement of Salt concreting a large quantity of Earth which are chiefly requisite in hard and solid concretions of Stone whose parts are firmly conjoyned when much Earth is consolidated by Saline Atomes CHAP. XIX Of the Vse of the Liver HAving Discoursed the great variety of Vessels Sanguification is â—ot maâ—â— in the Liver and the numerous Glands as a composition belonging to the Liver my Design at this time is to shew you the Uses of it One of them and a very great one too if true assigned to it by Learned Anatomists is the office of Sanguification which may be considered either in reference to its Primary Genefation or its Secondary Production or Repair when it is much decayed in a constant Circulation or Local Motion to or from the Center As to the first Formation of Blood Blood is generated by the Spirit of Life residing in the Genital Juice It is attributed to the Spirit of Life residing in the Seminal Liquor which may be clearly seen in an Egg sat upon by a Hen before the production of the Liver or any other Noble part nay before the first Rudiment of the Heart or Blood in it By reason the Vital Juice before it putteth on its Purple Robe beginneth to quit those parts of the Egg with which it was lately confused and to form divers Ramifications which afterward appeared to be Veins and these streams of Life did concenter into one Point the rough draught of the Heart As soon as these Rivulets do unite their Intestine Motion commenceth whence is propagated a gentle Ebullition of the Vital Liquor somewhat swelling its confines and because it cannot make its retreat the same way it came it frameth new Channels the Arteries through which it maketh good its Retrograde Motion from the Center to the Circumference from the Heart to the ambient parts of the Body and this Vital Liquor is carried forward and backward through the various Apartiments before it is hued with Red which is not essential to Blood and is clothed in a whitish aray in its Infancy and when it arriveth to greater perfection acquired by Local and Intestine Motion it is adorned with a new habit of Scarlet So that upon a strict inquiry Blood is first produced by extraneous heat in the ambient parts of an Embryo the Blood receiveth its first conception not in the Liver or any other Bowel seated in the inward recesses of the Body but in the Exterior parts near the surface of it And in the first generation of Blood in a Humane Foetus its birth beginneth in the ambient parts of the Embryo in the Corion nearly seated to the concave surface of the Uterus by whose heat colliquation is made in the circumference of the Genital Juice where the Vital Spirit beginneth first to exert it self for some little space and then taketh its progress to the inward parts to the Dancing Point the first Rudiment of the Heart So that the Liver is not all concerned in the first Formation of the Vital Juice whose birth doth antidate that of the Liver and Heart And when the Blood hath much exhausted its Spirits in its constant Perambulation from the Heart a rare engine of Motion to the utmost confines of the Body and from the circumference to the center in a back motion to the Heart The Blood is repaired by Chyle The decays of the Blood are supplied by a soft white Liquor generated in the Stomach and Guts and thence transmitted by Milky Vessels through the Mesentery to the common Receptacle and from thence through the Thoracick Ducts into the Subclavian Vessels where it first espouseth the Blood and by its constant Local and Intestine Motion is broken against the Walls of the Heart and
near the Extreamity of the Guts and are two Lobules endued with a Conick Figure †e e. The Kidneys of an Eel The Kidneys of an Ecl. have their beginning †T. 41. F. 2. f f f f. near the Gills and take their progress as in other Fish on each side of the Spine †iii. and are of great length according to the make of the Fish and have their lower Extreamity endued with a point near their Termination into the Intestinum Rectum as having no Bladder of Urine The Emulgent Blood Vessels †g g g g. descend all along the right side of the Spine and do impart many Branches to the Glands of the Kidneys This Fish as well as many others doth discharge Urine gross Excrements Eggs and Seminal Liquor through the Intestinum Rectum and Anus †k. as the Termination of it The Originations †T. 43. F. 1. a. of the Kidneys in a Carp are very small The Kidneys of a Carp and take their first rife as it were in obtuse Cones Their progress †b b. is larger and furnished with numerous Glands some Oval or Round others are Oblong and of a Conick Figure and after two or three Inches they go transversely to each side as having Processes in form of a Cross †c c. and have afterward smaller Processes †e e e e. derived from the Cruciform Process taking their progress on each side of the Spine †h h. The Origen †T. 44. h. of the Kidney in a Flounder is larger in Dimensions then the other parts and maketh its progress in a Semicircular manner and after Pyramidal Figure †iii. its Base being seated in its beginning and its Cone †k. in the Termination near the Bladder of Urine A Tench hath small-Origens Cruciform Processes The Kidneys of a Tench and Pyramidal Progresses below the Cross of the Kidneys ending in an acute Cone in all which this Fish perfectly resembleth that of a Carp A Thornback hath Kidneys much different from other Fish in the manner of the Globules which are placed edgwise and are Systems composed of many Glands of several Figures and Magnitudes The beginning †T. 44. F. 4. a a. of these Kidneys are much smaller then their Terminations †b. CHAP. XXVI The Pathologie of the Kidneys and its Cures THe Kidneys have as many Diseases as parts viz. an Iskury a total Suppression of Urine a sparing or too profuse Excretion of it Inflammations Apostemes Ulcers Gangraens Scirrhus Worms Stones as the most troublesome of all Disaffections attended with violent pains as so many Deaths An Iskury sometimes proceeds from the indisposition of Blood An Iskury derived from an ill mass of Blood for want of a due Fermentation in the Kidneys by reason the Heterogeneous Elements are so united that the Compage of the Blood is not capable to be opened by the Ferments of the Kidneys which sometimes are not well qualified or wholly deficient so that the watry saline Recrements cannot be secerned in the Glands from the more noble parts of the Vital Liquor in order to its refinement and conveyed into the Urinary Ducts Pelvis Ureters and Bladder upon which account no Urine can be ejected upon the application of the Catheter An Iskury may also be derived from an Inflammation of the Glands lodged in the Kidneys shutting up the Roots of the Excretory Vessels by compression which often proves fatal to the Patient An Iskury derived from an Inflammation of the Glands of the Kidneys A sparing excretion of Urine is sometimes borrowed either from the grossness of Urine mixed with purulent or fabulous Matter A sparing excretion of Urine and sometimes it is caused by the smalness of the Orifices belonging to the Urinary Ducts As to an Iskury flowing from an Indispotion of the Blood The Cure of an Iskury or from an Inflammation of the Kidneys it denoteth Blood-letting to lessen its Mass and to render its watry parts more fit for Secretion to which may be added gentle Diureticks mixed with Emollients as Apozemes and Emulsions made of the Cooling Seeds of Melons Pumpions White Poppy as also Leaves of Mallows Marsh-Mallows Pellitory of the Wall c. And in case the Iskury proceed not from an Inflammation of the Kidney but from a too close Compage of the Blood Diureticks mixed with Chio Turpentine and Hollands Powder may be given as also Millepedes Spirit of Turpentine Powder of Bees may be administred in proper Vehicles with great Care Strong Diureticks are dangerous in Iskuries after Universals have been premised lest these strong Diureticks should bring a source of gross Matter accompanying the Blood into the substance of the Glands stopping up the Roots of the Excretory Vessels whereby the Current of the Urine may be wholly intercepted and the Disease rendred more difficult to be Cured Fomentations and Baths are very proper in Diseases of the Kidneys and particularly in the late mentioned to open and relax the Compage of the Blood and enlarge the Origens of the Excretory Vessels that they may become more fit to give reception to the watry Particles severed from the Blood On the other side The too great excretion of Urine or Diabetes The Kidneys are disaffected with too large an Evacuation of Serous Matter much exceeding the quantity of Ingested Liquor This Disease is very rare and requireth care to give a good Judgment that we be not deceived in our Diagnosticks of it And therefore in large Excretions of Urine we must consider whether it doth not come from some External Cause from good Fellowship and the like which will afford a large ejectment of Urine Which if it be the work of Nature in Sickness the Patient receiveth a manifest benefit in the Alleviation or Solution of the Disease But if the profuse evacuation of Serous Liquor be Preternatural it riseth greater and greater more and more exceeding the proportion of received Liquor wherein the Urine is pale thin watry crude as wanting its due Consistence and Hypostasis This Disease is accompanied with a great Drought of the Mouth and Thirst proceeding from the unkindly heat of the Blood wanting a due allay of Potulent Matter thrown off in too great a quantity by the Kidneys Ureters and Bladder As to the Cause of this Disease The cause of a Diabetes it may be worthy our enquiry by reason it is great and rare which is assigned by some Physicians to the hot Distemper of the Kidneys highly attracting Serous Liquor out of the Veins which opposeth the Circulation of the Blood made good by the contraction of the Heart impelling Blood by Arteries into all parts of the Body And I humbly conceive that the cause of this unusual Distemper to be the Potulent parts of the Blood running only confused with it as not perfectly embodied which not having recourse to the ambient parts of
which being of an Aperient and Diuretick Ingeny do open the Obstructions seated in the Minute Vessels of the Viscera and the Compage of the Blood and give it a power of freely discharging its Recrements with a large proportion of Urine And last of all when the more thin and watry parts of Urine are evaporated in Destillation the Salt and Earthy Particles subside in the bottom of the Alembick and if the Salt be sublimated by a more intense Fire it will quit the company of the Caput Mortuum and leave it alone So that the Fire in Destillation will discover and separate the several Elements of Urine of which the least if any are the Vinous parts The next in small proportion are the Sulphureous and Earthy and the greatest in quantity are the Watry and Saline The Sulphureous parts are few by reason Urine cast upon Fire doth not bring it into a Flame by reducing its Atomes into a violent Motion and eruption as mixing with Air but rather subdues and quencheth it and that Urine hath some rancid oily parts may be proved by its Faetide smell arising chiefly from Putrefaction as long kept wherein the compage of the Urine being highly opened the Sulphureous steams do embody with the Air and give a great disturbance to the Nostrils in their noisome smell Saltness may be discerned in Urine as being somewhat akin to Nitre in taste which is derived from the salt particles of Aliment which are exalteid by Concoction in the Stomach and motion of the Blood in the Vessels and acquire greater degrees of volatility as they more and more associate with the Vital Spirit and heat and as the Blood is more or less laudable in point of temper the Urine participates more volatil or fixed Salt and is endued with colour and consistence Urine hath somewhat of Vinous Spirit though very little which may be evinced because it doth so soon evaporate and leave the Watry parts as affected with Sulphureous obnoxious to Putrefaction and the Vinous parts do appear by reason they render the Urine capable of Intestine Motion by which the thin parts admit a secretion from the more gross which fall down to the bottom after the Urine hath been some time made and setled And after the fixed saline Particles are exalted by the heat and ferments of the Stomach and Circulation of the Blood in the Vessels they are made Volatil and associate with the Spirituous parts of the Urine which as they are more or less abundant and active do produce divers kinds of Hypostasis The watry parts of Urine The watry parts of Urine are manifest in reference to their fluid and moistning quality and do far exceed the Spirituous Sulphureous Saline and Earthy in proportion and cannot be extracted so simple but that they are associated with Volatil Saline and Sulphureous parts And the consistence which Urine hath The consistence of Urine doth denote its gross and earthy parts which upon long Destillation when the moist Particles are totally exhausted and evaporated do fall and rest in the bottom of the Alembick The grossness and earthiness of the Urine is derived from the faeculency of the Chyme which hath divers Heterogeneous parts that cannot be Assimilated into Blood whereupon they embody with the Potulent Matter and are carried into the Kidneys in order to secretion in the Glands and expulsion by the Urinary Ducts The Urine is less in quantity The quantity of Urine then the Liquid substance we entertain into our Mouth and Stomach by reason somewhat of the Potulent Matter is evaporated by the heat of the Stomach and some of it often mixeth with the more solid Excrements and rendreth them moist and some part of the watry Liquor is afterward confaederated with the Purple Liquor to make it thin and fluid which moving through the greater and less Branches of Arteries till it arriveth the Capillaries inserted into the Glands of the Skin wherein it is secerned from the Blood and passeth the Excretory Ducts by Sweat and insensible Transpiration which much lesseneth the Potulent Matter the ground of Urine Drink Drink the Materia Substrata of Urine the Materia Substrata of Urine being received into the Mouth and carried through the Gulet into the Stomach embodies with Serous and Nervous Ferments whereby the Potulent Matter assisted with the heat of the Stomach becomes a fit Menstruum to Colliquate and dissolve the more solid Aliment and extract a Milky Tincture which is attenuated by this watry Liquor accompanying it through the Mesenterick and Thoracick Ducts into the Subclavian Veins where it espouseth the Blood in an intimate union to which it imparteth its more delicate and Alimentary Particles upon which account it looseth somewhat of its Liquor which being associated with the Crystalline part of the Blood and Succus Nutricius is entertained into the Pores of the Vessels and assimilated into their substance and afterward the reliques of the Potulent Matter growing effaete and useless as despoiled of its Alimentary Juice are embodied with the gross Sulphureous Saline and Earthy parts of the Blood as disserviceable to it which then is impelled out of the left Chamber of the Heart by the common and Descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Emulgent Artery into the Glands of the Kidneys wherein the Serous Recrements are secerned from the Vital Liquor by vertue of a Ferment making a kind of Precipitation or rather received by Percolation into the Excretory Vessels and thence carried through the Papillary Caruncles Pelvis and Ureters into the Bladder as a common receptacle of useless Potulent Liquor When the Chyme associated with the Blood in the Subclavian Veins is afterward broken into small Particles by motion in the Vessels and by the repeated Contractions of the Ventricles of the Heart and by the Intestine Motion of the Blood produced by its various Elements and by the different parts of the Chyme whereupon the Chyme is assimilated into Blood and the Heterogeneous Recrements of Sulphur and Salt The Amber colour of Urine not fit for Assimilation are united by Coction with the Potulent Matter giving it an Amber Colour which may be resembled to Salt of Tartar and Sulphur boiled together in Water which do render it of a Yellowish Colour or if Antimony full of Sulphur be boiled in a Menstruum impraegnated with Salt it will give a tincture of yellow to the Liquor not unlike that of Urine as Doctor Willis hath observed The Alimentary Liquor extracted out of Meat in the Stomach by vertue of its heat and Serous and Nervous Ferments hath different Elements of Salt and Sulphur some of which being so fixed and gross that they cannot be made constituent principles of the Blood are thereupon incorporated by heat and motion with the Vehicle of it to which they being united by Coction do give watry Recrements a Yellow hue If the Alimentary Liquor be not duly extracted out of the Contents of the Stomach caused by
surface of this Tunicle is conjoyned the Musculus Cremaster dictus which borroweth its origen from the Ligament of the Os Pubis in Man And in other Animals from the Tendons of the transverse Muscles appertaining to the Abdomen which take their rise from a very obscure Principle which is scarce discernable and the Carnous Fibres of this Coat run the whole length of the inferior region of the Vaginal Tunicle and I conceive these Fibres are auxiliary to those of the Dartos in order to contract the Scrotum The fourth Tunicle of the Testicles is the Albuginea The fourth Tunicle of the Testicles which is a very thin Coat and may be called a fine white vail for its Colour and Contexture immediately covering the substance of the Testicles adorned with variety of Vessels every way exactly complying with the shape of them and being of a close Compage do every where encircle the tender frame of the Testicles to conserve them in their proper place as in a safe Repository and is very conducive by its mediation for the better dispensation of the Vessels which is evident in the Testicles of Calves in which the Sanguiducts may easily be discerned to make their progress between the Duplicature of this Coat The outward surface of this Coat seemeth to be smooth as well polished by Nature and bedewed with a clear Crystalline Humour setting a kind of Gloss upon this Tunicle in which the soft compage of the Testicles are immured as gently every way fastned to this Albugineous Coat and to its upper surface the preparing Vessels the Arteries and Veins and also Nerves and Lymphaeducts seem first to be conjoyned and afterward to quit its company by piercing its Coat thereby making way into the body of the Testicles The use of this Triade of Membranes The first use of the proper Membranes of the Testicles is to aray the Testicles as with so many Vests to secure them as tender parts pendulous without the confines of the lowest Apartiment and thereupon to guard them against the frequent attempts of Cold The second use of the coats of the Testicles and other ill Accidents The second use of the Coats enwrapping the Testicles is to keep them in a due Balance lest their weight should force them to fall too low and stretch their preparing Vessels beyond their due limits and thereby too much contract their Cavities and hinder the due Motion of the Blood into the Testicles and so frustrate the design of Nature in reviving the chil and faint substance of the Testicles with the heat and vital spirits of the Blood The third use is that of the Dartos The third use of the coats of the Testicles proceeding from the Membrana Carnosa as dressed with many Muscular Fibres which contracting themselves do narrow the Cavity of the Scrotum and keep the Testicles in a due position which is most requisite in Coitu wherein an Excretion is made of the Seminal Liquor The action of the Cremaster Muscles coming out of the Testicles to supply the emptied Seminal vesicles after the ejection of Semen And indeed the drawing up the Testicles toward the Abdomen doth not so much proceed from the Corrugation of the Scrotum made by the fleshy Fibres of the Dartos but from the contraction of the Musculi Cremasteres which being rendred tense do pull up the Testicles toward the process of the Rim of the Belly The Testicles are endued with a peculiar substance The substance of the Testicles somewhat different from any part of the Body and is of a delicate white and soft Compage a Systeme made up of an innumerable company of small Vessels curiously interwoven Arteries Veins Nerves Lymphaeducts and Seminal Ducts as so many Tubes conveying and reconveying several Liquors to and fro the Body and Ambient parts of the Testicles The substance of the Testicles The Glandulous substance of the Testicles is Spungy and Glandulous according to Galen Bauhinus Fallopius Spigelius Westlingius Maebius Doctor Highmore and Doctor Wharton and many other Antient and Modern Anatomists These excellent Twins of Glandulous bodies The Parenchyma of the Testicles are enobled with many sorts of excellent Vessels whose Interstices are filled up with a delicate white soft Parenchyma every way adhaering to the Coats of the Vessels Others are of an opinion The pulpy substance of Testicles that the Testicles are accommodated with a Pulpy substance as Ruffus Ephesius hath affirmed And Renowned Lindanus hath given his Suffrage also in favour of this Opinion Medic. Physiolog Cap. Sept. de Testibus Ait ille Pultaceam hanc Testium substantiam sui generis Parenchyma esse Saith he This Pulpy substance of the Testicles is a Parenchyma of its kind and is much akin to the substance of Marrow as Celsus will have it in his Seventh Book and Eighteenth Chapter Testiculi simile quiddam medullis habent Whence it may be easily inferred that the substance of the Testicles is very obscure and intricate according to Learned De Graaf who conceiveth that no Anatomist as yet hath discovered the true substance of the Testicles in his Book De Virorum Organis And to to do him Justice I will take the freedom to quote his Words Nam pace eorum dixerimus nullus hactenus veram Testiculorum substantiam scriptis dilucidavit immo quod magis est ne quidem veritatis umbram attigit Illi enim qui Testes corpora Glandulosa pronuntiant vehementer errant quandoquidem in toto Teste ne minima quidem pars Glandulae conspiciatur adhuc magis à veritate aberrant qui Testiculorum substantiam pelliculosam vel medullarem indicant quia nullam cum illa similitudinem obtinent And this Learned Author The Testicles are Systemes of many Vessels having denied the substance of the Testicles to be neither Glandulous Pulpy nor Medullary proceedeth to give a farther account of the substance of the Testicles according to his own Sentiments in subsequent words Qualis igitur sit Testiculorum substantia si quis nos interroget eam dicemus nihil aliud esse quam congeriem minutissimorum vasculorum semen conficientium In which he supposeth that the substance of the Testicles is nothing else but an aggregate body of most small Vessels And I confess this Opinion hath much of reason in it and doth enervate the Hypothesis of those Learned Anatomists that assert the substance of the Testicles to be Glandulous which is very agreeable to the Structure of these parts which are framed of many Vessels of different kinds Arteries The peculiar Seminal Vessels of the Testicles Veins Nerves and Lymphaeducts and the Glands of the Testicles have peculiar Seminal Vessels which cannot be found in any other Glands of the Body And therefore those of the Testicles may upon a good title assume to themselves the denomination of Glands as they have a white soft Compage furnished with great variety of
manner The Erection of the Penis and the manner how it is performed A quantity of Spirituous Blood is impelled by the Hypogastrick Arteries into the Nervous bodies of the Penis and spongy substance of the Urethra where it meeteth with the Liquor impraegnated with Spirituous and Elastick Particles destilling out of the Extreamity of the Nerves whereupon the body of the Penis is highly distended which is caused by the Muscles of the Yard which being rendred Tense do compress the Nervous bodies and spongy substance of the Urethra whereby the Blood confaederated with Nervous Liquor is detained in the loose Compage of the Penis which groweth great and rigid as distended with a large proportion of Nervous and Vital Liquor whence the Yard is hued with a high Red Colour in erection caused by intercepting the retrograde motion of the Blood into the Hypogastrick Veins which is produced by the Contraction of the Muscles relating to the Penis compressing the beginning of the Nervous bodies and spongy substance of the Urethra So that the course of the Blood receiving a check in its motion toward the Veins is carried toward the Glans and the whole body of the Penis Tumefied CHAP. VI. Of the Seminal Liquor of Man THe elegant frame of Mans Body is beautified with divers Apartiments consisting of variety of parts disposed in excellent order situation The parts of the Body are solid fluid fine Figure and due Magnitude and Proportion answering each other in rare Symmetry of which some are solid and others fluid the second are the Crown and Perfection of the other as they give them Being and Life The select fluid parts of the Body are chiefly four Chile Vital Nervous The fluid Parts of the Body and Seminal Liquor Chyle is the Materia substrata of Blood Blood of Nervous juice and both are the matter of Genital Liquor as the result and complement of them in order to the excellent design of Generation The Seed of Man is a white frothy Liquor The description of the Seed made up of spirituous and elastick Particles enobled with a fructifying Spirit generated of vital and nervous juice in the Testicles Parastats and Seminal Vesicles instituted by Nature for the univocal production of Animals whereupon the opinion of the Philosopher is not worthy a reception who held the genital matter to be an excrement of the third Concoction whereas in truth it is the most noble Liquor relating to the Body as it is made of blood and Animal juice The Liquors of which the Seed is made productive of living Creatures preserving the Universe in its various kinds of which it is constituted The opinion of the Antients was That Seed was Propagated from the Brain and in truth from all parts of the Body as I humbly conceive The Seed is derived from all parts of the Body which is honoured by the Suffrage of great Hypocrates in his Book 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 At vero Viri genitura ex universo humido quod in Corpore continetur proficiscitur ubi id quod validissimum est excernitur cujus rei istud est Argumentum quod ubi rem Veneream exercemus tantillo emisso imbecilles evadimus This great Author backeth the assertion of Seed to be derived from all parts of the Body by reason a universal weakness is the consequent of an over-free excretion of Seminal Liquor flowing from repeated Acts of Coition Another Argument to prove this Hypothesis may be taken from the nature of Seminal Liquor vertually containing the formation of all parts of the Body which I apprehend may be deduced from the noble Liquors of Vital and Nervous Juice out of which the Seed is generated Quoniam ex iisdem principiis generamur e quibus nutrimur By reason we are Generated of the same Principles of which we are Nourished of Blood and Nervous Liquor Whereupon these select fluid Particles have recourse by Arteries and Nerves into all parts of the Body as carried into the Interstices of their Vessels so that these Nutricious Liquors in their Passage do insinuate themselves into their numerous Cavities The manner how the nutricious Liquors are Painted with the Figures of all parts of the Body and are assimilated into the substance of all the more or less solid parts and the Nutricious Liquors conversing with them and not turned into their nature do borrow a likeness of disposition and being received into the extremities of the Veins are returned by a retrograde motion to the Heart and from thence carried by the descendent Trunk of the Aorta through the Spermatick Arteries into the Testicular Glands wherein the soft parts of the Blood being separated from it and associated with a choice Liquor destilling out of the extremities of the Nerves receive the first rudiment of Seed which is entertained into the extremity of Seminal Vessels of the Testicles transmitting it into the Parastats where it receiveth a farther elaboration and greater Maturity The Seminal matter is a very considerable Portion endowed with the Idea's of various parts relating to the whole Body of Man The Seminal Liquor borroweth the likeness of all parts of the Body and it receiveth these Ideal Impressions made upon the Blood and nervous Juice in their perambulation through all apartiments of the Body wherein the Liquors are affected with the nature of the parts to which they have recourse in order to Nutrition and afterwards the relicks of those nutricious humours not requisite for the sustenance of every part are entertained into the Veins and mix with the Blood and are transmitted to the heart and afterwards conveyed by the preparing Arteries into the Testicles wherein they are framed into Seed These Ideal Configurations The resemblances of parts imprinted upon the Seed do somewhat represent the visible images of things made upon the soft nutricious parts hold some Analogy with the visible resemblances of things and are similitudes imprinted upon the Seed whose Spirituous Particles are modelled by the parts of the Body from whence they are derived and as from all visible objects are diffused an infinite number of Rays Coated with the colour and figure of those Bodies from which they emane so in like manner a great company of most subtle Atoms arise out of every Particle of the Body and Imprint their Dispositions and Configurations on the nutricious Liquors the Materia Substrata of Genital Matter which I will more fully Treat of in a Discourse of Generation The Materia Substrata of Genital Matter is composed of two parts The Materia-Substrata of Seed the one is the more mild substance of the Blood of its serous and Chymous Particles not assimilated into Vital Liquor separated from it in the Glands of the Testicles These soft Atoms of the Blood are endued with Vital Spirits and volatil Particles exalting the Seed The other more delicate parts less in quantity and more in Vertue are derived from the Nervous Juice confaederated with
the gentle parts of the Blood in the substance of the Testicles acted with volatil saline and fine spirituous elastick Atoms opening the Compage of the Serous and Chymous parts of the Blood preparing it for Seminal Liquor consisting of differing Liquors made up of fermentative Principles broken into small Particles in the Body of the Testicular Glands So that it may be inferred upon good reason The Seed is composed of Spirituous Watry and Earthy parts That the Seminal Juice is integrated of two parts the one subtil and spirituous as consisting of the more thin and active Atoms of the fine Particles of the Blood and nervous Juice impregnated with Animal Elastick Spirits enobling the Seed as made up of active fermentative Elements chiefly conducive to the Generation of Animals which are stiled Germinis Nomine consisting in the more refined active parts of the Seed The other parts of the Semen are more gross frothy watry and Earthy which constitute the greatest and most bulky Portion of it and as being less active do enclose the spirituous and volatil Atoms within its more thick and gross Confines not permitting them to evaporate These different Elements of Seed The formative Principle resideth in the Seed being incorporated do make a Mass containing a double an efficient and material Principle the first delineateth Prima Stamina the very Rudiments of the Foetus in which the Architeconick power resideth The second is the Alimentary Portion of the Seminal Matter giving Support and encrease to the formed Parts These two Seminal Principles being confoederated The gross parts of the Seed do depress it are rendred inefficacious by reason the Material is so gross that it so depresseth the more Spirituous Particles that they cannot exalt themselves into Act in a well disposed Uterus whereupon if the material Principle be too much debased by fixed and Saline Earthy Elements the Uterine Heat and Ferment cannot exert themselves and exalt the Spirituous and Volatil and colliquate the gross genital Matter in order to Generation of the Foetus Aristotle assigneth a Coelestial disposition to the Seed Great Aristotle attributeth a Coelestial temper to the spirituous part of the Seed holding some Analogy with the nature of the Stars in reference to its great Excellency Lib. 2. de Generat Animal Cap. 3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Inest enim in Semine omnium quod facit ut foecunda sint Semina videlicet quod Calor vocatur idque non ignis non talis Facultas aliqua est sed Spiritus qui in Semine spumosoque Corpore continetur Natura quae in eo Spiritu est proportione respondens Elemento Stellarum The Spirituous parts of the Seminal Liquor are produced out of its thin and delicate substance assisted by the natural and ambient heat relaxing the Compage of the grosser parts and are nothing else but a most subtle fluid Matter rendred volatil by heat whereupon it would quit its station and embody with Air as near a-kin to it was it not confined within the Walls of more fixed matter In the Seed of all Animals and Plants is seated an inbred Spirit endued with an efficient Plastick Faculty consisting in the most subtl volatile saline The Volatil Saline Sulphureous parts of the Seed are exalted by the heat of the Womb. and sulphureous Particles exalted by the natural heat of the Womb in Animals and ambient Air in Vegetables whereupon these thin restless Parts of the Seed would soon evaporate were they not detained within the enclosure of more gross Matter So that the Spirituous and Gross parts of the Seed do act the parts of Friends in doing kind Offices to each other The Spirituous parts do exalte the more Fixed and the more Gross do conserve within their Embraces the more Fine and Volatil The most excellent Liquor constituting the Spirutuous parts of the Seed is transmitted through the terminations of the Nerves The Nervous Liquor associates with the serous parts of the Blood inserted into the Glands of the Testicles wherein it associateth with the Serous and Chymous parts of the Blood full of many Saline and some few Sulphureous parts which the Nervous Liquor doth render thin and volatile by exalting its more gross parts as Colliquated by heat of the Testicles which are thence transmitted into the Parastats to receive a farther Concoction and so to pass through the deferent Vessels into the Seminal Vesicles and Prostats as receptacles of Seed where it is reserved till the time of Coition The prime Elements of Seed are Saline The chief parts of the Seed are Saline in which the calstick Vertue doth very much consist which are endued with a Balsamick quality and render it fruitful and much exceed those of Sulphur and upon this account the Poets have feigned Venus to take her Birth from the Sea and give Lascivious Animals the appellative of Salacious and I humbly conceive that the several parts of the Body being more or less solid do owe their formation to greater or less Concretions made by different Seminal Salt mixed with some Earthy and Sulphureous Particles which being associated with a larger proportion of Saline do impart a greater or less consistence to the various parts of the Body of which I will give a fuller account hereafter in the Treatise of Generation CHAP. VII Of the Parts of Generation in the Males of Beasts THe Testicles of a Lyon The Testicles of a Lyon which I saw Dissected were covered with four Coats and seated near the Penis and adorned with an Oval Figure much resembling those of Man The Penis of a Lyon hath long and small Dimensions The Penis of a Lyon and hath its Glans seated near the Anus as in a Cat Hare Cunney c. and hath a straight Vrethra passing from the Bladder of Urine to the extremity of the Penis which hath its body composed chiefly of two Ligaments or rather Nervous Bodies and is for some space distant from the Prostats seated under the Neck of the Bladder and is not stretched out above three Thumbs breadth without the cavity near the Anus in the time of Coition which is celebrated backward The Testicles of a Castor The Testicles of a Castor according to learned Webster are not fastened to the Spine but to the inward Region of the Os Pubis or Share Bone where a superficial Cavity is Engraven confining on the Process of the Peritonaeum and on each side may be seen half the Testicle with the Parastat lodged in the said Sinus of the Share-Bone The Testicles of this Animal if a regard be had to the size of his Body are very small about the bigness of a Pidgeons Egg They are white and smooth in their outward Surface and endued with a flattish oval Figure having their Body cloathed with a thick Nervous Coat Their Glandulous Substance is white within beset with many Fibrils and have not the Oleagenous Substance nor Foetide Smell
have as many little excretory Vessels as Glands The excretory Vessels relating to these Glands taking their rise from many white Globules and are so many small Channels discharging themselves into one common Cistern The manner of production of Civet I conceive is made after this manner The manner of producing of Civet The Vital Liquor is transmitted by the Hypogastrick Arteries into the substance of the numerous Globules belonging to these Glandulous Bodies endued with a proper Ferment wherein the Milky parts of the Blood the Materia substrata of it are secerned from the red Crassament and mixed with some Liquor destilling out of the extremities of Nerves whereupon the Body of the Blood being opened and the Bond of Mixtion loosened it is rendred fit for the Secretion of the more soft and Chymous from the red and sharp parts so that the white Particles being commensurate in shape and size to the extremities of the excretory Vessels are received into them and carried into the common Receptacle of this Milky humour commonly graced with the Appellative of Civet endowed with a bitter Taste a fragrant Smell a whitish Colour afterwards growing yellowish Between these Glandulous Prominencies of Civet is seated the Penis Osseus within and covered with a Membrane enclosing two Nervous Bodies as well as the Bony parts and hath its Termination and Body invested with a Prepuce as in a Dog which are wholly unsheathed in the Act of Coition Learned Blasius hath well described the Testicles The Genitals of a Dormouse Parastats deferent Vessels and Seminal Vesicles and Penis of a Dormouse Ait ille Partes hic variae quibus Semen Semini Analoga materia elaboratur aut saltem delinetur Prima earum Vasis Spermaticis unita Testis est ex variè Conglometratis Fibrillis quas cavas Graefius aliique dicunt imprimis constans Arteria singulariter per exteriora substantiae ejus gyroso Ductu antequam ad interiora transeat distributa facile separabili Gaudens Secunda Epididymis tortuosam ibidem Faciem exhibens longitudinis insignis admodum habetur haec Fibrarum dictarum testem constituentium continuatio Tertia Epididymidis extremo illi quod est a teste remotius continuatum Vas deferens vocari solitum ad Ventris interiora procedens ubi ad Latus meatus Urinarii occurrit Quarta Vesica ampla Cornu quasi exasperatum varieque contortum referens Haec iterum Ductus subtilioris faciem assumens Gyroso quodam Ductu Urethram accedit eo loco quo Vas deferens altero extremo exceperat Quinta Capsula exigua pyriformibus Musculis Penis incumbens in Urethram patens Materiam haec continet tenuiorem minus albam similiter ac Pars sexta Glandula sat magna foramine manifesto circa Praeputii externi Extremitatem interius praedita Penis non tantum Nervoso Corpore duplici constat Urinarioque Ductu sed Ossiculo singulari similiter ac in Cane notamus anterius leviter incurvato tegitur hoc Praeputio quodam membranaceo quod internum nominare placet cum externum ad hoc cutaneum omnino CHAP. VIII Of the Parts of Generation in the Cocks of Birds BIrds have a Cavity lodged between the Rump and Intestinum Rectum The Genitals of Birds somewhat resembling a Prepuce out of which a Penis discovereth it self of a membranous nature in time of Coition the Corpora Nervosa if any being very thin in Birds in some of which it cometh out of the Body a great length after the manner of a small Gut in point of substance only it is destitute of so great a Cavity as is found in a little Intestine In great Birds the Penis is more fleshy and big as having the Nervous Bodies more thick and large giving greater Dimensions to the substance of the Penis This is very remarkable in an Estridge The Genitals of an Estridge in which may be discerned within the Orifice of the Pudendum a large Glans in which it is Lodged as within a Socket somewhat like the Prepuce of a Horse The Body of the Penis is hued with red proceeding from numerous Blood-Vessels disseminated through the substance of the Nervous Bodies which are much greater in this large Fowl than in small Birds in which it is difficult to discover any fleshy Substance so that the Frame of the Penis in most Birds seemeth to be membranous In this Fowl the Penis resembleth a Hart's Tongue in figure and bigness The Penis of an Estridge as learned Dr. Harvey hath observed who saw this Animal often first shake its Penis and afterwards immit it into the Vagina Uteri relating to the Female without any motion as if they were nailed together for some time in coition accompanied with many little sportings of the Head and Neck as so many expressions of Pleasure The Testicles of a Turkey as in other Birds are oblong white Glandulous Bodies seated immediately under the Renes Succenturiati The Testicles of a Turkey between the Originations of the Kidneys resting upon the Trunk of the great Artery and Vein out of which do arise minute Branches of Spermatick Vessels which are distributed into the substance of the Testicles where the Seminal Liquor is generated and afterwards carried down by two Spermatick Ducts by the Spine and are inserted into the long Membranous Substance vulgarly called the Penis The Testicles in this Bird are connected to the upper Region of the Kidneys and in some part to the Spine and to the Trunk of Blood-Vessels The connexion of the Testicles in a Turkey to which they are fastened by the Interposition of the preparing Artery and Vein arising out of the descendent Trunk of the Aorta and ascendent Trunk of the Vena Cava and are endued with a different size by reason the right is larger and longer than the left The Testicles of a Swan Goose Duck and other Birds The Testicles of Birds have many Vessels are Lodged near the beginning of the Kidneys and are conjoined to the great Blood-Vessels passing down the Spine and have preparing Vessels sprouting out of them and are divaricated in numerous Branches through the Body of the Testicles wherein the Serous and Chymous part of the Blood are embodied with a choice Liquor dropping out of the Extremities of the Nerves and transmitted into the Origens of the Seminal Tubes and conveyed through the deferent Vessels into the Penis which is a soft membranous Compage The Penis of Birds mixed with a thin loose spongy Substance and is distended by Blood brought into it by the Hypogastrick Arteries and by Animal Spirits carried with the Liquor between the Filaments of the Nerves inserted into the Body of the Penis whereupon it is thrust first out of a Cavity running between the Rump and Intestinum Rectum The Ovaries of Birds are made praegnant by the spirituous parts of the Seed and afterwards immitted into the Vulva of the Hen and bedeweth it with a thin Seminal
contract and dilate it self that it might conform to the different sizes of the Penis found in great Variety in several Men. There are other Carnous Bodies which appear when the Expansions are removed and assist the constriction of the Orifice of the Vagina Carnous expansions helping the contracting of the Orifice relating to the Vagina as in conjunction with the Processes of the Sphincter and are seated in the lower part of the Vagina on each side near the Labia Pudendi and do ascend to the Membranous Substance by which the Clitoris is fastened to the neighbouring parts and do terminate into it The right and left side of these Bodies hold no entercourse with each other which Learned Dr. De Graaf hath made evident by an Experiment so that one side is blown up and the other is no ways Tumefied The outward Substance of these Bodies helping the Sphincter in contracting the entrance of the Vagina is cloathed with a thin Membranous contexture and their more inward Racesses are hued with a deep red or blackish colour flowing from a quantity of Blood lodged in the inward substance framed of many Ramulets of Vessels and Fibres which often meeting and parting again after a little space make a kind of Net-work which may be is ordained by Nature to straighten the Orifice of the Vagina to give the more grateful Reception to the Penis when every way encircled with the more close Embraces of the Orifice of the Vagina by reason it being swelled with a quantity of Blood in Coition cannot expand it self upward as compressed by the Processes or Wings of the Sphincter Muscles and the two other adjacent Bodies so that the Orifice of the Vagina must necessarily bend inward and inwrap the Convex Surface of the Penis within its soft and pleasant Concave Enclosure The outward Region of the Vagina is composed of a soft loose flesh The outward part of the Vagina as beset with divers carnous Fibres and minute Glands as I humbly conceive which transmit a quantity of Serous Liquor through the Pores of the inward Coat of the Vagina into its Cavity to gratifie the Penis in time of Coition with a Pleasant Moisture The Vagina Vteri being an oblong concave Body The descriptiou of the Vagina consisting of an outward and inward Membrane lined within with carnous Fibres and many small Glands is so closely united to the Neighbouring parts the Intestinum rectum and neck of the Bladder of Urine by the interposition of many thin Membranes that it cannot easily be parted from them without the help of an expert hand assisted by a Knife This entry of the Womb is furnished within and Enameled without with many Blood-Vessels of several sorts Arteries and Veins as also with many Nervous Fibrils which constitute its outward and inward Coat as a curious contexture of them The Arteries make many reticular Divarications through the outward and inward parts of the Vagina The Arteries of the Vagina and are derived from the Hypogastrick and Haemorrhoidal Branches the last do make their Progress through the lower Region of the Vagina and the Hypogastrick Arteries do sport themselves in numerous Ramulets about the sides and other parts of the Vagina which are so many inlets of Blood to render it warm and turgid in the Act of Coition The Veins of the Vagina Uteri being associates of the Arteries The Veins of the Vagina do observe their Progress in various Divarications and do take their Rise also from the Haemorrhoidal and Hypogastrick Veins the first do impart fruitful Ramulets to the inferior part of the Vagina and the Hypogastrick do descend and furnish the sides of it with numerous small Branches which encircle all parts of the Vagina and do make many Inosculations with the Veins of the Uterus in the upper Region of the Bearing-place The Nerves of the Vagina are Propagated from the Par Vagum and from divers Branches derived from the Os Sacrum The Nâ—rves of the Vagina and do transmit store of Fibres into the substance and Coats of the Vagina which are the great Ingredients integrating their curious contexture giving them an exquisite sense most evident in Coition The action of this part is tension The action of the Vagina derived from a great Source of Blood huing it with redness carried into it by the Haemorroidal and Hypogastrick Arteries in the time of Fruition when the Vagina is full of great sense by reason a quantity of Nervous Juice impregnated with Animal Spirits is dispensed into it The tenseness of this part much contributeth to the emission of Seminal Liquor into its Cavity wherein it is conveyed into the inward Orifice Neck and thence into the Bosom of the Vterus The use of the Vagina as a round tense membranous Substance is to give reception to the Penis and to convey the emitted Semen into the Cavity of the Uterus and to be a Channel through which the Menstrua are thrown out of the Body and to be a Passage to bring the Foetus into the world when it arriveth to a due Perfection CHAP. XV. Of the Uterus THe Uterus is called Matrix quod Matrem Referat as entertaining the Foetus in the tender Embraces of its bosome wherein it is secured from outward accidents and cherished by Vital Heat flowing from Blood contained in the Vessels of the Uterus It is seated in the lowest Region of the third Apartiment The situation of the Vterus in a peculiar place called the Pelvis between the Intestinum rectum and Bladder of Urine that the mean situation of the place of our Production between two Receptacles the one of grosser the other of thinner Excrements might be a remembrancer of the mean condition of our first Propagation and make us reflect upon our selves in low Apprehensions of our Primitive estate Nature Parts confiâ—ing on the Vterus out of great discretion hath lodged the Uterus in a most safe Repository guarded before with the Sharebones and behind with the Os Sacrum and on each side with the Bones of the Ilium as encircled with strong walls for its greater safety and preservation And the Cavity in Women hemmed in with variety of large Bones hath greater Dimensions than in Men as making provision for the distention of the Uterus in case of a Foetus The Uterus is not lodged exactly in the middle of the Pelvis but sometimes inclineth to one sometimes to the other side of the Hypogastrium as learned De Graaf hath observed The Vterus The connexion of the Vterus that it might be kept in its proper Seat is fastened in relation to its neck which is very short to the Vagina Intestinum rectum and Bladder of Urine by the interposition of many Membranes and hath its bottom free from all Connexion with other parts to have the advantage of divers degrees of distention as the Foetus obtaineth greater and greater dimensions and as not being connected in
white viscide and blewish Seed and the Tubes or Deferent Vessels were overcharged with it Sometimes the Ovaries the Preparing and Deferent Vessels are rendred Turgid with a highly Concreted Liquor in Gypseam duritiem Coagulato resembling Plaister by reason of its hard Consistence which is attended with violent Hysterick Fits and a great Delirium The Lady of a Person of Honour was highly afflicted with great Suffocations of the Womb and high Convulsive Motions much discomposing the Brain as accompanied with a Delirium and Death And afterward her Body being opened A case of Suffocations and Convulsive Motions caused by the Stoppage of the Vessels and Tubes of the Womb by a Concreted Seminal Liquor the Organs of Generation were highly disaffected so that the Testicles and the Spermatick Vessels and Tubes of the Womb were discovered to be overburdened with a Seminal Liquor in Gypseam soliditatem Concreto which I conceive proceeded from some Chymous and Serous parts of the Blood confederated with the Seed as consisting of saline and earthy Atomes cemented with viscide Matter CHAP. XXV Of the Principles and Manner of Generation THe Omnipotent Creator out of a generous diffusive Principle of doing Good in Communicating himself to another hath made Man originally like himself by imprinting on him a divine Character of his own Image and hath not only enobled Man in Creating him like himself Man is created after God's Image and hath a power to beget somewhat like himself but hath endued him with a Communicative Nature in giving him an Appetite and power to procreate his own Image in begetting somewhat like himself in imparting his Being to another wherein he becometh Aemulous of Eternity by Propagation in perpetuating his Essence to his Progeny in a continued Series of Generation which could not be accomplished by Man alone whereupon the All-wise Agent out of kindness to him made Woman as a fit help for him not only for Converse but Enjoyment too to Compensate the death of one by the propagation of another which is effected by choice Liquors proceeding from both Sex mutually associating and assisting with various Fermentative Elements exalting and serving each other as efficient and material Causes cooperating in mutual embraces ministerial to the conception and formation of a Foetus The chief Seminal Liquor is that of Man's which is white and frothy The Elements of Man's Seed which consisteth of the more milde parts of the Blood and Nervous Juice impregnated with Spirituous and Volatile Saline Particles proceeding from Blood impelled by the terminations of the Spermatick Arteries into the substance of the Testicles wherein the more milde serous Particles of the Vital being embodied with the Nervous Liquor and elaborated in the Parenchyma of the Testicles are afterward received into the Roots of Seminal Vessels and from thence carried through the Parastats and deferent Vessels into the Seminal Vesicles and Prostats as the receptacles of Genital Liquor This Seminal Liquor is compounded of two parts The Masculine Seed hath some parts Spirituous and Volatil and others gross and fixed the one thin and spirituous impregnated with Volatil Saline parts and inspired with Animal Spirits which are the efficient and Architectonick cause the other parts of this Liquor are the material cause the more gross saline sulphureous and earthy Particles which do confine the more Spirituous and Volatil Atomes from quitting the bounds of this choice Elixir The Seed of Woman is more cold watry and crude than Man's The Feminine Seed is more watry crude and cold than that of Man as derived from the crude Chymous and Serous parts of the Blood separated from the red Crassament in the Glandulous Substance of the Testicles wherein the Albugineous Particles of the Vital Liquor do associate with the Succus Nutricius and compleat the body of the Seminal Liquor which is highly exalted by the Animal Spirits giving it fermentative dispositions So that the Crystalline parts of the Blood being enobled by the association of the Nervous Juice ousing out of the termination of the Nerves in the Parenchyma of the Glands are received through the Pores of the Vesicles into their Cavities where they are preserved as in safe Repositories till they become impregnated after Coition by the more Spirituous parts of Man's Seminal Liquor rendring it more exalted and fruitful Having given a short description of the Seminal Masculine and Faeminine Liquor by themselves I will now shew how they confederate with each other upon Coition The manner how Masculine and Faeminine Seed espouse each other after Coition which is performed after this manner as I humbly conceive The Seed is rendred hot and spumous by the repeated agitations of the Penis whereupon it groweth thin and prurient giving brisk Appulses upon the Seminal Receptacles composed of Nervous Filaments full of acute Sense which draw the Carnous Fibres of the Seminal Vesicles into Consent causing them to contract the Cavities of their Cells with a kind of Convulsive Motions squeesing out the Seminal Liquor out of their Receptacles through small Meatus into the Vrethra and from thence into the Vagina Uteri in time of Coition which being irritated by the heat of the Semen doth contract its Bore caused by the fleshy Fibres and force the Seminal Liquor through the inward Orifice and Neck into the bosom of the Womb which being contracted through its fleshy Fibres protrudes the Semen into one of the Tubes which then ascendeth through the Fimbria and Pores of the Membranes relating to the Testicles and adjacent Vesicle of Seed which is impregnated with the Spirituous parts of the Masculine Liquor whereupon the Egg hath its Coat first rendred Opace and afterward encircled with a fleshy substance full of numerous Fibres which being aggrieved by the swelled impregnated Egg do contract themselves and propel it through the hole of the Testicles into the neighbouring Fimbria and Tube into the bosom of the Womb. Here some Curious Person may demand a reason how the Seminal Liquor can move upward contrary to its natural inclination to descend as a heavy Body from the Vagina Uteri into which it is first injected out of the Penis The manner how the Seed can move upward through the Cavity of the Womb and Tube into the Egg lodged in the Testicles To which this may be humbly offered That the Seed is carried upward not by its own instinct but by proper Organs of fleshy Fibres seated in the Vagina Uteri and Membrane of the Womb and Tubes which all contracting themselves one after another do protrude the Genital Liquor by narrowing their several greater and less Cavities into the Vesicle of Albuminous Liquor lodged in the Ovary Another question may be propounded why the Seminal Juice is first injected into the narrow confines of the Vagina Uteri The Seed is first immitted into the Vagina Vteri and not into the body of the Vterus and not into the more open Cavity relating to
primitive nature is Concreted by the Architectonick Spirit into soft and hard parts of a more or less solid substance making up the Viscera Trunk and Limbs of the Body The third kind of Plastick Vertue belonging to Seminal Liquor The third kind of Plastick Vertue is an Assimilating Power may be named an Assimilating Power whereby the Foetus becometh like its Parents in the outward form of different parts of which Great Hypocrates giveth an account in his Book 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as deriving the cause of it from the diverse quality and quantity of Seminal Liquor of both Sexes commixt the greater quantity and nobler quality of Masculine Seed maketh it resemble the Father and the same proportion and qualification of Faeminine Liquor causeth the Embryo to be adorned with the likeness of the Mother but I humbly conceive The Plastick Power is seated in the more Spirituous parts of the Seed as the prime efficient cause in the Formation of the Foetus with the leave of this Great Master of our Faculty this may proceed from other more probable reasons as the first and chief cause may be deduced from the Plastick Power seated in the more spirituous particles of the Seminal Liquor which is the first natural Agent and Principle of the Formation of the Foetus working upon the less active Particles of the mingled Seed in which the innate Spirit taking its rise and origen from their more thin and Volatil Saline and Sulphureous Particles elaborated by the ambient heat of the Womb is detained within the confines of more gross Particles exalted by the more Spirituous which are the primary efficient cause in the delineation of the parts as giving them their first Rudiments and External form both in the Formation of the Foetus in Man and other Animals This Architectonick Spirit containeth in a small quantity the Idaeas of all parts relating to the whole Body in order to their Formation So that these Spirituous Plastick Seminal Atomes assisted by the Uterine heat do influence the gross and more dull mass of Seed and thereby give it Fermentative dispositions flowing from Elastick Particles of Air and Animal Spirits impregnating the Seminal Matter whence it receiveth Intestine Motion productive of the likeness of external Forms and Distinction of parts in the Foetus resembling those of the Father and Mother The reason of this Plastick Assimilating Power The Seed containeth the Ideas of all parts of the Body resident in the Seminal Matter taketh its rise from the external forms and dispositions of all parts of the Body as it is a select Extract of them made of the Vital and Animal Liquor as its first principles The Blood taketh its Perambulation through the Membranes Ligaments The manner how the likeness of all parts of the Body is conveyed to the Seed Cartilages Bones c. and all other similar parts as also the Viscera Trunk and Limbs to give them Life Heat and Nourishment as the Albugineous Particles of the Blood are received into the innumerable Pores of the Similar and Dissimilar parts Compounded of them into which they are assimilated and become the same with them by Accretion The Serous parts not Assimilated having conversed with the parts of the whole Body in order to Nutrition do borrow their peculiar Disposition and Images Portraictures of the whole Body both in reference to the Face Head Trunk Viscera and Limbs so that these Nutricious parts not Assimilated having penetrated the inward Compage of the whole Body do receive the Signature of their External Form and are reconveyed back to the Heart and from thence impelled through the descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Hypogastrick and preparing Arteries into the substance of the Testicles where the Albugineous Particles of the Blood having received the Ideal impressions of all parts are severed from the red Crassament and become one principle of the Seminal Matter And the other is the finer part of the Nervous Liquor generated in the ambient parts of the Brain made up of Cortical and Medullary Processes and thence transmitted through all regions by the Fibres of it and afterward some part of the Succus Nutricius is conveyed by the Par Vagum and its Branches and other Animal Liquor is carried through the Fibrous parts of the Medulla Spinalis into the Vertebral Nerves implanted into the Testicles wherein the Nervous Liquor signed with the Images of the Brain Spinal Marrow and Nerves doth embody with the Albuminous Matter of the Blood signed with the Ideas of other parts through which it passes constitutes the Seminal Liquors of both Sexes which do mutually contribute to the formation and likeness of the Foetus The Seminal Ideas as I humbly conceive are Spirits modelled and configured by those parts from whence they derive their Emanation The Images of the Seed are modelled by the parts through which they pass after the manner of infinite subtile visible Rays expressing the Colours and Images of those Bodies from whence they are reflected In like manner some fine Atoms as so many Effluxes coming out of the small particles of the Body do affect the Spirituous part of the Vital and Nervous Liquor the principles of Seminal Juice by giving them the propriety and figures of the parts through which they pass These Ideal dispositions of Parts seated in the seed of Man and other Animals The Seminal Ideas do not exist Separate do not exist as separate but are coincident to every part of the Semen and again expand themselves in the formation of an Embryo not unlike many visible Rays of Light are coincident into one Looking-glass which are so unfolded afterward that the Eye can distinctly discern the figures and colours of several visibles Objects And from hence it is that every Particle of this Architectonick Spirit in the Seed hath a faculty of forming an Animal by reason the Images of all parts are imprinted upon every particle of the Seminal Liquor which is very conspicuous in Birds by reason the seed of the Cock which is very small in quantity but great in vertue being injected in Coition doth ascend into the Ovary and impregnates every Egg come to maturity with a few Spirituous Particles which being acted with Heat are the efficient cause Delineating every part of the Chicken Here a great doubt may arise how out of the Seed those parts can be formed of which the Parents are destitute before the generation of Foetus by reason no Architectonick Spirit can be derived from them as having no existence in the nature of things To which Learned Diemerbroeck giveth this answer That the imagination of the Parent Compensates the defect of parts by reason Women who have lost some Limb do by a strong imagination make such impressions of Figures upon the Spirituous parts of the Seed and thereupon have well formed Children in reference to all their parts as well Modelled as if the Seed had been imprinted with the Images of
those parts affecting the Albuminous particles of the Blood and Nervous Liquor the principles of Genital Juice It is very evident how prevalent a strong Imagination hath been in Women with Child The Imagination is very powerful in giving its Figures to the Foetus which hath wrought wonderful effects of Shapes Colours which have proved very Monstrous in a Woman terrified with a horned Beast which made such impression upon the Foetus that he grew deformed by the accrescence of a Horn And perfect Women in Shape and Limbs have brought forth defective Children caused by deep thoughts and a fearful imagination making ill impressions upon the Seminal Liquor But some inquisitive Person may ask a reason The manner how the Imagination concurreth to the production of Monsters how this strong Imagination can produce such strange effects by configuring the Seed and make addition of things to the Foetus which differ in their whole nature as it appeareth in the production of Monsters by strength of Imagination which I humbly conceive proceedeth after this manner The Portraicture of visible Objects or things though not existent being constantly and deeply thought upon by Women with Child do make an impression upon the Succus Nutricius in the Brain which is afterward carried by the Par Vagum and Vertebral Nerves into the Testicles where it meeteth with the Albuminous part of the Blood and giveth it the same Signature whereupon these Elements of the Seed being configured by a powerful Imagination do produce the same Ideas in the Foetus and do supply the defect of Parts in those that want their Limbs and communicate the Ideas of them to the Embrio by a potent Imagination as if they really enjoyed them The fourth kind of Architectonick Power The fourth kind of Architectonick Power giveth a due magnitude number figure situation connexion c. resident in the spirituous particles of Seminal Liquor giveth a due magnitude to the Integral parts and a decent Conformation which comprehâ—â—deth first a convenient Figure accommodated to celebrate the action of the Organ Secondly Cavities and Pores obtaining their just number and magnitude Thirdly Its Conformation requireth a proper surface as endued with such a smoothness and roughness as the nature of the part requireth Fourthly Conformation is affected with a due situation of parts as they have a proper place and connexion with the adjacent parts So that the Plastick Power of the Seed doth constitute all parts in weight number and measure and unity too which aggree to similar and dissimilar parts and dispose them in an excellent order of situation and production in which the similar parts do claim the Primogeniture as the Vital Liquor Membranes Veins Arteries Ligaments Cartilages Bones and afterward the Dissimilar parts integrated of the Similar as the Viscera and Muscular parts The Impregnated Egg being excluded the Testicles and sliding through the adjoyning Tube into the Cavity of the Womb is closely immured within its inward Membrane contracted by fleshy Fibres to enliven and cherish the Genital Liquor which in a short time is encircled with a thick and fine Coat and is altered and colliquated by the moist warmth of the Womb So that the more thin and Volatil Particles of the Masculine Seed insinuating into the secret Pores of the more gross and fixed Particles of the Faeminine Liquor opens its Compage and by an expansive motion of Spirituous and Elastick airy Particles do set the Volatil Particles of the Faeminine Seed at liberty whereupon the Seminal Liquor of both Sexes is united and put upon Fermentation The Plastick Vertue seated in the more thin and Spirituous Particles The Plastick Vertue doth first shew it self in the more Colliquated part of the Seed doth first exert its operation in the more Colliquated and Crystalline part of the mixed Seminal Liquors which being acted with Intestine motion are Concreted here and there into various shapes and hollowed into many greater and smaller Cavities and so by degrees the Delineation of all parts of the Body is produced The Genital Liquor when well concocted in the Testicles The Seminal Liquor is Fibrous is thence conveyed by the Deferent Vessels into the Seminal Vesicles wherein it being reposed a due time acquireth a laudable consistence and becometh fibrous as being made up of many white Filaments which I humbly conceive are the first rudiments constituting the parts of the Foetus In these fibres which are the chief integrals of the Semen being of a diverse disposition and configuration as more or less solid The Seminal fibres have divers dispositions and figures and as modelled in several shapes the Plastick vertue is seated and are the first stamina productive of the various parts of the Embryo The numerous Vessels which are so many Tubes The Vessels are composed of divers united Fibres and Filaments framing the Compage of the Muscles and Viscera are composed of these numerous Seminal Fibrils which being united in a round figure with a concave surface do make the Cylindres of Arteries and Veins containing the Vital Liquor and the Nerves being systems of many Filaments curiously lodged one within another in which the Nervous Juice is conserved are framed also of a company of these Seminal Fibrils curiously conjoyned And some of these Filaments being impregnated with saline Particles The Concretive Power is seated in these Fibres acted with diverse kinds of Salts have a concretive power by which the Seminal Fibres are first made Membranous and then Cartilaginous and afterward Bony So that I most humbly conceive That all the more or less solid parrs have these various Seminal Filaments acted with different Salts as so many rough draughts out of which the Limbs of the whole body of the Embryo are delineated and finished by various saline Concretions And now I will endeavour to Explicate the order that Nature observeth in the Formation of Parts one after another The order how the parts of the Body are formed among which the Blood doth claim the priority and is framed out of the most hot spirituous volatil sulphureous and saline parts of Colliquated Seminal Liquor From this most prime and principal Particle the Vital Spirit the innate heat is propagated to the whole Body and from this choice Elixir of Life all other Liquors receive their birth and perfection This is that pure Vestal Flame ever burning and imparting Heat and Life in its perpetual motion through all the apartiments relating to the stately fabrick of Man's Body The Blood is first formed in the ambient parts of the Seminal Liquor The Blood is first formed in the outward parts of the Colliquated Seminal Liquor as most colliquated and inspired with attenuated and volatil Particles by the heat of the Womb and is afterward carried from the circumference to the Center and is generated before the Liver Heart or any Viscera are formed and is carried first by Veins into the Punctum Saliens and afterward by
Arteries into all parts of the Colliquated Seed The Blood is first arayed with a white palish colour and afterward is clothed in Scarlet which proceedeth from Motion and Heat giving the Blood a red tincture as by an Intestine Motion causing an Effervescence in it as Fruits by long Coction acquire redness much resembling that of Blood especially those that are pregnant with an abundant Succus Nutricius And the rare method of Nature is very remarkable in the production of the different parts of the Body The fluid and soft parts of the Body are first formed wherein She beginneth with most moist and soft as next a kin to the fluid Seminal Liquor which is liquid is best disposed for immediate formation of moist parts whereupon the Vital liquor being Fluid is first generated in the ambient parts of the Seminal Matter as it is colliquated by the heat of the Uterus and afterward transmitted into the more inward Recesses when the Vein is formed as soft and membranous and so is the first formed solid part as having much affinity with the nature of Seminal Liquor CHAP. XXVI Of the Generation of a humane Foetus THis most noble part the Blood is first formed in the Seminal Liquor by whose influence and irradiation of Spirits The system of all parts of the Body are animated by Vital Principle seated in the Blood The system of all parts belonging to Animals are first animated as by a Vital principle much constituting them and giving vigor and heat to the Seminal Liquor in reference to the delineation of all Similar parts successively produced out of which all Organick as the Viscera and Muscles are formed which compleat the Animal and give it a power of augmentation and nutrition which is a kind of second and continued Generation quoniam ex iisdem principiis animal nutritur ex quibus generatur and the Blood much assisteth the Genital Liquor in its Architectonick Spirit in distinguishing one part from another and is that first Particle in which the Soul doth chiefly reside the prime Author of Life Sense and Motion Some Professors of our Faculty do give the primogeniture to the Brain Some Anatomists do give Primogeniture to the Brain Heart and Liver arising together out of three Bubles or Vesicles but this Hypothesis contradicteth Autopsy which is clear to those that curiously have inspected the several Processes of the Generation of a Chicken in which the prerogative of Primogeniture is due only to the Blood whose rays first dawn in the outward circumference of the Albuminous Orb and afterward diffuse themselves through all regions of it which is evident not only in an Egg but in the first Conception of every Animal The Blood first generated in the ambient parts of the Seed The first motion and progâ—ess of the Blood is carried by Veins into the center of it where the red Point or beating Vesicle is generated the first rudiment of the Heart from which many Fibres or Capillaries do proceed the first origens of Arteries and the roots of the Veins take their roots in the outward parts of the Seminal Liquor wherein the Vital Liquor beginneth its motion toward the beating Vesicle from whence it is impelled by Arteries into all parts of the Seminal Liquor The Vital Liquor may truly assume to it self the privilege of the first Genital Particle because it appeareth first in the circumference of the Seed The Blood first appeareth in the circumference of the Seed before any Veins or beating Point can be discovered in the center of it and it is very agreeable to reason that the Blood should be generated before the Veins beating Point and Arteries as the part contained is the principal and therefore the first in the order of Nature because the other parts are subservient to it and are propagated enlivened cherished and nourished by it as by a principle of Life and Heat as also Intestine and Local Motion and the beating Point Sanguiducts and Viscera The Blood is the first principle of Life Heat Intestine and local motion are so many Organs ministerial to the motion and depuration of the Blood which is the first Genital Part and the beating Vesicle its first instrument of motion plainly visible in the first conception of all Animals and appeareth less than a spark lifted up and down according to the reception and exclusion of Blood caused by Diastole and Systole distending and narrowing the Ventricles of the Heart and the Systole maketh the Pulsation produced by Contraction causing a Vibration of the Heart which is the same time imparted to all Arteries of the Body commonly called the beating of them So that the first step or period in the Generation of a Foetus The first step in the Generation of a Foetus is the Blood and its Receptacles is the Blood with its receptacles The Punctum Saliens The rough-draught of the Heart and Vessels the Veins and Arteries but the substance of the Heart consisting of two Auricles Ventricles and Cone with Vessels and Fibres lodged in the Compage of it is found in the third procedure of Generation The second period in the formation of an Embryo The second process of Generation is the production of a kind of Worm or Maggot is manifested in the production of a kind of Worm or Maggot and as it groweth into a clammy substance it seemeth to be divided into two parts the upper is Orbicular and seemeth to be distinguished into three Vesicles the Brain Cerebellum and one of the Eyes Another part of this Mite the first rudiment of the Body relating to a Foetus resembleth the Keel of a Ship A third period of Generation appeareth in formation of a kind of Keel as the first draught of the Spine and is a Superstructure leaning upon or accrescing to the Trunk of the Vena Cava all along its length And in the formation of the Head the Eyes first may be first discovered and the Delineation of the Body is made immediately after and out of the rough draught of the Spine the sides do arise as those of the Ship are built upon the Keel being formed of one similar substance adorned with white lines expressing Natures design of the Ribs as the first rudiments of them and out of the rudely Delineated Spine the Trunk doth grow and afterward the Bones Muscles and Limbs are distinguished into Joints These two rough Delineations of the Head and Body appear The rudiment of the Spine and Head do early appear and may be distinguished at the same time and afterward when they receive greater degrees of increase and perfection the Body doth far exceed the Head in dimensions In the first formation of the Trunk there is a great disproportion between the Body and Limbs which in time grow longer and longer Children new born have long Bodies and short Limbs and Children new born have long Bodies and short Limbs and would go
young Man being tortured with a pain of his Side and a great Palpitation of his Heart proceeding from a superabundant quantity of Water lodged in the bosom of the Capsula which generated a Hectick Fever destructive of the Patient who being opened in his middle Apartiment the Pericardium was found highly distended as being Hydropical and full of Serous Liquor drenching the Heart and rendring it very soft and flabby On the other side the Capsula Cordis is sometimes found wholly destitute of any Water lodged in it The adherency of the Pericardium to the Heart for want of Liquor to be contained in the Pericardium and the Pericardium closely affixed to the Perimeter or Convex Surface of the Heart by the interposition of many Membranes which are hardly broken and the Capsula not easily severed from the circumference of the Heart which I saw some years since in an Executed Felon privately Dissected by dextrous Chyrurgeons of London at the Hall where Learned Dr. Needham and many other Gentlemen were present This Disease is attended with many dismal Symptoms The symptoms of the Diseases belonging to the Pericardium difficulty of Breathing Synope Lypothymy Palpitation of the Heart and a languid intermittent Pulse which proceed from a small proportion of Blood received into the Ventricles of the Heart and Lungs by reason they cannot be expanded for the free admission of Blood as enclosed within the narrow confinement of the Pericardium compressing the Heart CHAP. XIII Of the Pericardium of other Animals THe Pericardium in greater and smaller Beasts The Pericardium of greater and smaller Animals hath great affinity with that of Man holdeth great similitude in Situation Connexion Figure and Substance with that of Man The Capsula Cordis in more perfect Animals is made up of three Tunicles The outward being fastned to the middle Coat by many fine Ligaments is beset with many Cells the allodgments of Fat. The middle Tunicle being somewhat thinner than the outward is integrated of a great number of Fibres finely spun and curiously interwoven which is interlined with a whitish Parenchyma The third Pellicle making the inside of the Pericardium in Beasts is the thinnest of all the Coats this I discovered in a Bullock to be furnished with many minute Glands which I humbly conceive may be the Colatories of the Blood transmitting its Serous parts into the Cavity interceding the Pericardium and Heart The Capsula Cordis in other greater Animals as well as Man hath a quantity of thin transparent Liquor seated in the empty space between the Pericardium and Heart as in a Cystern flowing out of the adjacent Glands The Pericardium of a Land Tortoise is thick The Pericardium of a Land Tortoise as composed of many Membranes and is sometimes distended with Wind and most of all with a large proportion of thin transparent Liquor A Lyon is furnished with a dense Pericardium The Pericardium of a Lion as made up also of many Coats closely conjoyned to each other by the interposition of many thin Ligaments and is most eminent for abundance of Fat shading the outside of this useful Integument The Capsula Cordis in Birds is very thin The Pericardium of the Heart in Birds as being one Membrane which is three in Beasts made up and curiously wrought with divers Fibrils closely united without any seam or visible commissure This fine Integument of the Heart in Birds hath but a small space running between it and the Heart So that it cannot contain any great quantity of Serous Liquor The Figure relating to the Capsula Cordis in Fish The Pericardium of the Heart in Fish is different from that of Man and other Animals which is Pyramidal but in Fish it is Triangular as holding conformity to the shape of the Heart which is Tricuspidal and endued with divers Angles The Pericardium of Fish hath great affinity with that of Birds in reference to its fineness and it is more close in Conjunction than is found between the Integument and body of the Heart in greater Animals in most Fish it is Membranous but in a Lamprey Cartilaginous Insects also as well as other Animals have a Pericardium though in some it is scarce discernible by reason of its great thinness and close union to the Heart whereupon it seemeth to be a proper Coat of the Heart The Hearts of greater and small Beasts as perfect Animals have their Pericardium free as not conjoyned to the Diaphragm as it may be seen in the Pericardium of Man to help the Diastole of the Midriff and in its Laxament to reduce it from a Plain to an Arch which is more different in Man by reason of his erect posture of Body CHAP. XIV Of the Heart THe Heart being the most noble Machine motion belonging to the excellent Fabrick of Man's Body may be truly entitled the Sun of its Microcosm from which the rays of Life seated in the Blood are displayed by Arteries into all parts of this little World and in some sort may receive the appellative of the fountain of Life and Heat The Heart is the fountain of Life and Heat as by its frequent repeated motions the innate heat vigor and spirit of the Blood are conserved and the gentle flame of Vestal Fire the preservative of Life is maintained And my intention is to treat first of its Structure as the ground and foundation of its motion afterward of its motion as the use and accomplishment of this choice Machine consisting of variety of parts disposed by the hand of the All-wise Architect in most Elegant order The first part that accosteth our fight The upper Integument of the Heart after the Pericardium is stripped off is its proper Integument which is a thin strong and dense Tunicle as made up of many Membranous close-struck Fibres very curiously interwoven in divers postures whose Interstices are filled up with a Succus Nutricius or Seminal Liquor adhering to the sides of their Coats in their first formation whereupon they are rendred plain and smooth and easie to this choice Compage as giving no discomposure to its outward parts in a constant and necessary motion This Tunicle I humbly conceive to be the same with the thin outward Coat of the Arteries which derive their origen from the Heart and doth invest the Ventricles of this noble part as well as its ambient parts As to its use it may be to give a great firmness to the Heart The use of the Coat investing the Heart as confining its spiral Fibres in their due seat and to preserve the tender branches of the Coronary Blood-vessels which sport themselves in numerous divarications through the substance of this fine Tunicle overshadowing and encircling the Perimeter of the Heart The situation of the Heart is generally conceived to be in the middle of the Thorax The situation of the Heart which must be understood of its Basis and not of its Cone which somewhat inclineth in Man toward
of strong Ligaments and by the entercourse of Fibres which mutually unite their several ranks So that when the Fibres grow tense and rigid by the free reception of drops of Blood through their fruitful Pores into their inward Compage the intermedial spaces of the Fibres are lessened and seeing the bodies of the Fibres being enlarged in dimensions cannot have recourse outward as being confined by the ambient parts of the Heart not capable to have their Convex Surface dilated the distended Fibres must of necessity be more and more drawn inward as they approach the Center of the Heart till the Concave Perimeter is first lessened and then taken away to discharge the Blood into the Orifices of the adjoyning Arteries for the support of the whole Body Farthermore The Septum of the Heart being thick is not easily Contracted the Septum or Partition-wall of the Heart being thick is not easily Contracted as made up of many Spiral Fibres which hinder the motion of its Extremities toward the Middle So that it is more easie according to the Mechanism of the Heart for the Walls by approaching each side of the Septum to lessen the Cavities of the Ventricles than for the Extremities of the Septum to be drawn toward the Middle Farthermore to illustrate this discourse of the Motion of the Heart I will add that the outward Perimeter of the Heart being not alterable as guarded with a multitude of Spiral Fibres and the more inward ranks acquiring greater dimensions by having their spongy substance distended with the reception of a quantity of Blood must be drawn inward by making more Corrugations as they approach the Center whereupon the sphaere relating to the Ventricles of the Heart must be lessened as being filled up by the enlarged Fibres of the Heart which being inwardly imitated by a large proportion of Blood imbibed into their inward Recesses and outwardly by a compression made by a current of Blood bearing upon the Walls of the Heart do often Contract inward appearing in repeated Vibrations to ease their Intrals and outward Surface from a load oppressing them by discharging it into the neighbouring Vessels And it is very conspicuous that the Motion of the Heart is exerted by fleshy Fibres moving in several ranks toward the Center by various Corrugations straightning the inward Perimeter of the Ventricles by making an Incision into the Ventricles whereby a Finger being immitted into either of them is highly pinched by the strong Contractions of the fleshy Fibres more and more approaching the Center The Cavities of the Ventricles are lessened in the Pulsation of the Heart And it is also agreeable to Ocular demonstration that at the same time when the divers ranks of fleshy Fibres are carried more and more inward in various Flexures toward the Center to lessen the Cavities of the Ventricles that the outward Perimeter of the Heart is neither Distended nor Contracted which I plainly saw in a Dog Dissected alive in the Theatre of the Colledge of Physicians in London And the Heart is a Machine of Motion The motion of the Heart is performed by Carnous and Tendinous Fibres not as acted alone by fleshy Fibres qua pure praecise tales but as accompanied with Nervous and Tendinous Fibres which are inserted into and mixed with Carnous and are great Auxiliaries if not principal Actors in the repeated Systoles of the Heart This may be clearly proved by a Ligature made upon the eighth Pair of Nerves in the Necks of Animals whereupon the Heart will be highly afflicted with great Palpitations faint Pulsations and difficult Breathing caused by the current of Nervous Liquor inspired with Animal Spirits much intercepted in its progress toward the Heart by a strong compress of the eighth pair of Nerves The Nervous Liquor is enobled with Animal Spirits seated in the Brain The Carnous Fibres are acted by Nervous as endued with Animal Liquor and Spirits whence they are rendred tense being a system of numerous Fibres as in a Fountain from which many constant streams of Animal juice are gently transmitted through several divarications of Nerves relating to the eighth pair and Intercostal Nerves into the fleshy Fibres and Tendons of the Heart which are rendred Tense with their Nervous Liquor expanded and invigorated with the Subtle and Elastick Particles of Animal Spirits as well as the Carnous Fibres are swelled with innumerable drops of Vital Liquor received through many Pores into their spongy substance whereby the many Lairs of fleshy Fibres fastned to each other by strong Ligaments and the mutual union of fleshy Fibres interceding them do more and more Contract toward the Center and cause the Walls of the Ventricles to make brisk Appulses upon the Blood and by a violent Compression force it out of the Cisterns of the Heart into the adjoyning Sanguiducts CHAP. XIX Of the Pathology of the Motion of the Heart HAving given a History of the Motion of the Heart Mechanically performed by the Contraction of various ranks of fleshy Fibres associated with many Tendinous and Nervous Fibres My design at this time is to speak of the Pathology of its Motion as it is after a manner abolished diminished or depraved The two first irregular Motions of the Heart may be comprised in a Syncope The Syncope and Lypothymy of the Heart do differ gradually and Lipothymy which do not formally or essentially differ but only gradually secundum Magis Minus as the first is higher than the latter So that they being both symptoms attending the Motion of the Heart are near akin to each other as proceeding from the same causes as affected with higher or lower degrees vid. From the defect of Blood or too great a quantity or from its grosness or Concretion or from Corruption or lastly by the defect or fault of the Animal Spirits The defect of Blood in the Heart The first cause of defect of Blood may proceed from a weak concoctive faculty of the Stomach derived from a want of due Ferments and kindly heat in Chronick and acute diseases whereupon a small quantity of Chyle the Materia substrata Sanguinis is produced Another cause of the defect of Blood in the Heart The second cause of the Penury of Blood may be deduced from an obstruction of the ascendent Trunk of the Vena Cava caused by some Fleshy substance or by some concreted Blood intercepting the current of Blood into the right Cistern of the Heart or by the same causes in the Pulmonary Vessels giving a check to the motion of Blood out of the Lungs into the left Ventricle An Instance may be given of the hindred circulation of Blood produced from its Coagulation in the Trunk of the Vena Cava in a Maid of Fourteen years old who after she had been highly afflicted for a day with a great heaviness and a vertiginous indisposition and frequent Syncopes took her farewell of her Friends and her miserable life and afterward she
be taken from an undue fermentation of the Blood may be fetched from an undue fermentation of the Blood as consisting of unactive and too much depressed Elements hindring the Intestine motion of the Vital Juyce which is often found in Cachectick bodies in the Scorbutick Distempers of Men and Women wherein the dispirited mass of Blood is apt to Coagulate in the Ventricles of the Heart So that the Heart is forced to make many brisk and often repeated Systoles and erections of the Cone against the left side A third cause of this Disaffection may take its rise from the great effervescence of the Blood proceeding from a high Fermentation of it A Palpitation of the Heart arising out of an effervescence of the Blood as composed of too much exalted saline and sulphureous Particles often found in Hypocondriacal and Hysterical Distempers Wherein the Fibres of the Heart being highly aggrieved with the fiery heat of overmuch fermenting Blood do produce vigorous Constrictions of the Ventricles and strong Vibrations of the Cardiack Cone against the Thorax The fourth cause of this disorderly Convulsive motion of the Heart The Palpitation of the Heart proceeding from the indisposition of the Brain may be derived from the indisposition of the Cortex of the Brain in which an ill Animal Liquor is generated as partly consisting of exalted Saline and Oyly Particles produced from ill Blood whose Albuminous part is the Materia Substrata of Nervous Juyce which is transmitted through the Fibrous parts of the several processes of the Brain into the Origens of the eighth pair of Nerves and from thence into the Cardiack branches whereupon numerous Nervous Fibrils inserted into the Carnous Fibres being highly irritated by an ill Succus Nervosus do draw the Fibres into violent irregular Convulsive motion So that the elevated Cone of the Heart maketh many impetuous strokes against the Thorax As to the Cure of the Palpitation of the Heart arising from too great a quantity of Blood clogging the Heart Blood-letting is good in a Palpitation of the Heart flowing from an exuberance of Blood and putting the Fibres upon irregular Contractions it denoteth a free mission of Blood which will speak an Alleviation to great Vibrations of the Heart An instance may be given of this disaffection in a Knight a Pensioner of his Majesties who being endued with a Plethorick constitution was often afflicted with a great Palpitation proceeding from an exuberant quantity of Blood evidenced in a high Pulse oppressing the Heart and was immediately freed from this troublesome Distemper in opening a Vein by which a large proportion of Blood was immediately discharged and the Patient relieved The irregular motions of the Heart derived from the want of Fermentation of Blood Bitter Medicines are proper in a Palpitation of the Heart produced by improper Ferments do indicate bitter Medicines which Corroborate the Stomach and Anti-Scorbutick Medicines mixed with Chalybeates which rectifie the fixed saline and sulphureous parts of the Blood and endue it with proper Fermentative Principles A Mercers Wife in Covent-Garden endued with a thin Body a weak Pulse and an ill Concoction of Stomach was often highly afflicted with Palpitations of the Heart proceeding from the defect of a good Intestine motion of the Blood whereupon it grew depauperated and the Patient liable to fainting Fits and a great difficulty of Breathing which were much alleviated by bitter Decoctions Pearl Julaps Spirit of Hartshorn and Chalybeates given in Apozemes made of opening Roots Sarsa Parilla Pine and Fir and at last by the drinking Tunbridge Waters The Palpitation of the Heart arising out of the Blood over acted with too high an Intestine motion of the Blood Testaceous Powders are good in an undue fermentation of the Blood produced by exalted saline and sulphureous parts doth denote Testaceous Powders as Pearl Crabs Claws Crabs Eyes Coral and the like which do dulcifie the mass of Blood given with temperate Diuretick Apozemes and discharge the fixed saline Particles by Urine and attemper the hot Atoms of Blood In this case also Chalybeates mixed with temperate Anti-Scorbuticks may be given with good success Dr. An instance of the Cure of the Palpitation of the Heart derived from an ill fermenting Blood Huit a Person of great Vertue Learning and most eminent Loyalty for which he was Murdered in the time of Usurpation was affected with a hot Scorbutick habit of Body and highly discomposed with great Palpitations of the Heart taking its rise as I humbly conceive from too great a Fermentation of the Blood as consisting of active Heterogeneous Elements whereupon I advised him to take Testaceous Powders taken with cooling Julaps and temperate Cordials mingled with Pearl as also Chalybeate Syrups taken with Diureticks and temperate Anti-Scorbutick Apozemes by which the Patient God be praised was perfectly recovered The fourth kind of irregular motion of the Heart being Convulsive Cephalick Medicines are proper in the Convulsive motions of the Heart as produced by an ill Succus Nervosus transmitted into and irritating the Cardiack Nerves doth denote proper Medicines to refine the Albuminous part of the Blood the Materia Substrata of Animal Liquor and also Cephalick Medicines to Corroborate the Brain and Nerves of the Heart Palpitations of the Heart are accompanied also with Convulsive motions of the Nerves seated in divers parts of the Body A second cause of the Convulsive motions of the Heart and chiefly about the Base of the Heart which is backed by the Sentiments of Learned Dr. Willis encircling the Trunks of the Aorta and Vena Cava to hinder the immediate flux and reflux of the Blood and its great effervescence and Stagnations produced by vehement passions of Anger Fear Sorrow and Joy which highly disorder the various Nerves inserted into the Coats and make irregular motions in the Arteries and especially in the Aorta near the Heart whereby its Nerves are drawn into Consent and are productive of Convulsive Motions Another cause of the unkindly motion of the Heart may proceed from the frequent Pulsation of the Arteries caused by the Carnous Fibres A third cause of Cardiack Convulsions irritated by the Convulsive motion of the great company of Nervous Fibrils implanted into the fleshy Fibres of the Trunks relating to the Arteries which renders their repeated Contractions very violent whereupon the Blood is impetuously moved first through the Arteries and then through the smaller and greater branches of the Vein into the right Ventricle of the Heart So that the Carnous Fibres are highly sollicited to make many irregular Motions which are in truth Convulsive in order to discharge the great torrent of Blood into the Pulmonary Artery which being highly aggrieved by impetuous streams of Purple Liquor doth make irregular Contractions to discharge the exuberant source of Blood into the Pulmonary Vein which draweth the Heart into a Sympathy as the Orifice of the Pulmonary Artery is implanted into the right Ventricle of
the Heart A fourth cause of the inordinate motion of the Heart may be deduced from the Nerves A fourth cause of Convulsive motions in the Heart animating the Carnous Fibres of the Arteries which do interrupt the equal and natural course of the Blood by reason the Cavities of the Arteries are very much narrowed by the Convulsion of the Nerves inserted into the Carnous Fibres whereupon the impulse of Blood is stopped as in the disorder of the Nerves in great passions of Anger Fear Sorrow and the like which cause great consternation and confusion So that it is probable that the Trunk of the Aorta being very much lessened by the Convulsion of the Nervous Fibril drawing the Carnous seated in the Coat of the great Artery adjoyning to the left Chamber of the Heart much hinder the motion of the Blood out of the Heart into the Aorta whereupon the Ventricle of the Heart being highly distended by overmuch Blood will cause many violent Pulsations or Convulsive Contractions to discharge the exuberant quantity of Blood into the Orifice of the great Artery Persons subject to immoderate passion of Anger Grief Joy and those that are much afflicted with Hypocondriacal and Scorbutical Diseases are very obnoxious upon every light occasion and sometimes without any provocation to passions and convulsive motions of the Heart called vulgarly the Palpitations of it as having the Cardiack Nerves affected with a gross Succus Nutricius proceeding from ill humors in a Cachectick body oppressed with Acide Ferments of the Blood acted also with gross saline Particles Palpitations of the Heart also proceed from a great quantity of Blood ready to suffocate the Heart and put the Fibres of the Heart into inordinate Motions as well as the Nerves highly irritated by an exuberance of Blood compressing of the Heart and thereby hindring the passage of the Nervous Liquor in the Interstices of the Filaments often productive of Convulsive motions afflicting the Heart These irregular motions are also generated in the origen of the Nerves when they are disordered with some Acrimonious Matter vellicating the Fibres seated in the ambient parts of the Brain As to the Cure of these Convulsive Motions producing a great exuberance of Stagnant Vital Liquor in the Heart it denoteth frequent opening of a Vein to sollicite the motion of Stagnant Blood to abase its quantity And in reference to the cause of Convulsions seated in the Nerves producing the palpitation of the Heart Cephalick Apozemes Electuaries Spirit of Hearts Horn Spirit of Amber Succinated c. may be of great use CHAP. XX. Of the Motion of the Blood HAving given my Sentiments of the Structure and Motion of the Heart I will now Treat of the Motion of the Blood as the End and Complement of the other by reason the Heart is designed by Nature to be a rare Engine of Motion to make good the circulation of the Vital Liquor The All Wise and Omnipotent Agent created Man as the Soveraign of this lower Orb after his own Image and inspired him with the Spirit of life conserved by Motion of the Blood and to this end the Grand Architect hath framed a fit Apparatus of Organs the Heart as a noble Blood-work furnished with numerous appendages of Channels as so many Sanguiducts the Veins and Arteries to import and export streams of Blood to and from the Heart as a choice Engine to promote the Motion of the Blood the great preservative of Life In order to the better understanding of the Motion of the Blood these Considerables may seem to offer themselves to our notice First The manner how this Motion is accomplished Secondly What quantity of Blood passeth through the chambers of the Heart in a short space of time Thirdly The Cisterns and Ducts through which this noble Liquor floweth out of the Heart first into the Lungs and after runs into all parts of the Body And Lastly the end to which the Motion of the Blood is consigned The manner of the motion of the vital Liquor The Motion of the vital Liquor is performed by the Diastole and Systole of the Heart the First is rather a Laxament than a Motion wherein its Fibres are relaxed by streams of Blood expanding the cavities of the Heart which being received through numerous Pores into the inward Compage of the fleshy fibres do enlarge their Dimensions and put them upon greater and greater Contractions as they more and more approach the center whereby the Concave surface of the Ventricles grow less and less as they approach nearer and nearer to each other In the Diastole of the distended fibres The Ventricles of the Heart are distended with Blood in the Diastole and emptied by a Systole the Ventricles are dilated with a quantity of Blood filling up their Cavities and in the Systole their concave Perimeter is taken up with fleshy fibres having imbibed innumerable drops of Blood whereupon the inward swelled walls of the Heart being drawn close to each other do squeeze the drops contained in the pores of the Fibres and the greater streams of Blood lately received into the empty spaces of the Ventricles into the neighbouring Arteries to make good the Motion of the Blood As to the manner how the motion of the vital Juyce is managed out of the Cistern of the Heart into the adjacent Sanguiducts The manner how the Motion of the Blood is made in the Blood-Vessels some conceive it to be acted mechanically by a spiral wreathing of the Fibres after the same manner as water is squeezed out of wet Cloaths by a greater and greater winding them round whereby the drops of liquor lodged in the many interstices of the Filaments do quit their Allodgments but it may be proved by Reason and ocular Demonstration that there can be no such straining the Blood by the constriction of the Ventricles of the Heart by the same Organs and the same mechanical action by reason the filaments of the Cloth were laxe before their Contorsion as having many interstices obtaining a repletion by many drops of Water but afterward when the Cloth was variously modelled into divers wreaths the filaments were forced to make many Circumvolutions about the body of the Cloth whereupon the threads were not only lengthened into oblong Gyres but were also lessened in bulk and rendred more tense but the repletion of the Cavities of the Heart with Blood was made in a different manner from that of the Interstices of the Filaments of the Cloth filled with Water in which the Threads require greater Dimensions in length but the Fibres of the Heart are rather contracted according to the nature of all Muscular Fibres and the Cavities of the Heart grow greater in breadth as being expanded by the repletion of Blood and above all the Pores of the Fibres and Cavities of the Ventricles are not emptied by any Contortion as it is made inward in the Filaments of Cloth when the Water is squeezed out of their Interstices
Body through the Veins of the lower Limbs and Muscles and Viscera of the lowest Venter and through the ascendent Trunk of the Cava into the larger Cistern of the Right Ventricle of the Heart Perhaps some may object against this Hypothesis by reason the Valves are seated in the inside of the Veins to aid the progress of the Blood tending to the Heart lest it should make a retrograde Motion toward the Origens of the Veins To which I take the freedom to make this Reply that the Valves are not sufficient to make good the Ascent of the Blood The Valves of the Veins are not sufficient to make good the Ascent of the Blood toward the Heart through the ascending Branches and Trunk of the Cava and through the Branches of the Jugulars and descendent Trunk of the Cava when the impulse of the Blood caused by the Systole of the Heart and Arteries groweth faint in the Termination of the Carotide Arteries and Interstices of the Vessels of the Membranes and substance of the Brain so that when the Blood is received into the Veins at a great distance from the Heart it is necessary that that the slow Motion of the Blood toward the Heart should be hightened by the Cantractions of the circular Fibres encompassing the Veins seeing the Valves of the Veins do only hinder the Motion of the Blood toward the extremities of the Veins and are not able to promote it all along their less and greater Cavities ending in the Right Ventricle of the Heart In fine I cannot but admire and adore the infinite Wisdom of the Omnipotent Agent who hath mechanically contrived the Motion of the Blood by the great Apparatus of Organs in giving a constrictive power to the great Blood-work of the Heart and in several appendant Tubes of Arteries and Veins acted by various fleshy Fibres as so many Machines lessening the greater and smaller Cavities of the Heart and different Sanguiducts whereby the resistance of the Blood is countermanded by a strong Compression and its Flux and Reflux are maintained to and from the Heart to impart Life Heat and Nourishment to all parts of the Body The Motion of the Blood being a great instrument of the preservation of Humane Nature is consigned to many ends The production of Blood the generation of nervous Liquor and animal Spirits the depuration of the Blood in various parts of the Body and the formation of seminal Liquor in the Testicles The First and main end of the Motion of the Blood The main end of the Motion of Blood is Sanguification The manner of production of Blood is Sanguification which is produced by Chyle assimilated into Blood as more and more mixed with it in the Heart Lungs Arteries and Veins The manner how the Blood may be produced is this The Chyle being associated with Lympha in the common Receptacle is carried through the Thoracick Ducts into the subclavian Veins where it confederates with the Blood and is transmitted with it through the Cava into the Right Auricle and Ventricle of the Heart wherein it is dashed impetuously against its Walls by the strong Contractions of fleshy Fibres highly compressing the Chyle confused with the Blood and breaking it into small Particles and then the Chyle somewhat mingled with the Blood is carried through the greater Trunk and smaller and smaller Branches and capillary Arteries where the Chyle receiveth a greater Comminution which is made by a great Compression by reason in inspiration free draughts of Air are received into the Bronchia and Appendant Vesicles whereby they being much dilated do Compress the Sanguiducts and break the Chyle confederated with the Blood into smaller Particles then in the Right Chamber of the Heart and in expiration the Diaphragme being brought from a Plain to an Arch and the Ribs from Rigâ—t to more obtuse Angles do press down the Lungs whereby the cavities of the greater and smaller pulmonary Vessels are narrowed and the Chyle being in conjunction with the Blood is squeezed into small Particles as protruded first through the small Terminations of the capillary Arteries and straight Interstices of the Vessels and through the more minute Origens of the pulmonary capillary Veins Branches and greater Trunk into the Left Auricle and Ventricle of the Heart wherein the Chyle being more embodied with the Blood is farther beaten as by a Pestle into many minute Atomes against the sides of the Left Ventricle of the Heart and from thence the Chyle mingled with the Blood is carried through the numerous Divarications and minute extremities of Arteries and Veins wherein by their innumerable circular Fibres the Chyle receiveth greater and greater comminution till it is perfectly assimilated into Blood as making many circuits in an hour through the Heart Lungs Arteries Veins in which the Chyle in its progress with the Blood is more and more exalted by the elastick Atomes of Air in the Lungs and with spirituous and volatil saline Particles in its Converse with the vital Liquor till the Chyme receiveth its ultimate Disposition and Form The Second end of the Motion of the Blood The second end of the Motion of the Blood is in order to the generation of nervous Liquor and animal Spirits in the Cortex of the Brain The nobler part of the vital Liquor is impelled out of the common Trunk of the Aorta into its ascendent Trunk and from thence carried through the internal greater and less Carotide Arteries passing through the Membranes and inserted into the Cortical Glands of the Brain wherein the more delicate the albuminous part of the Blood is separated from the Red crassament and turned into animal Liquor inspired with exalted Spirits as it s more choice and refined Particles The Third end of the Motion of the Blood is its refinement from its Recrements in its passage through the Interstices of the Vessels or Glands The Third end of the Motion of the Blood lodged in the Muscles Viscera and Cutis The mass of Blood consisteth of two Essential parts the Red Crassament The constituent parts of Blood and albuminous Juyce associated with Lymphatick Bilious and potulent Liquor which are secerned from it by its motion through many different Glands as so many Colatories seated in different parts of the Body The Blood being impelled by many branches of Arteries into the substance of the Lungs and the minute Glands of the Muscles Spleen Liver wherein the Blood and Motion hath its Lympha secerned from its nobler Liquor and conveyed into the Lymhaeducts of the parts seated below the Diaphragma into the common Receptacle and into the Lymphaeducts of those above into the subclavian Veins The vital Liquor is transmitted out of the Left Ventricles of the Heart through the common and descendent Trunk of the Aorta and thence through the Caeliack Artery into the Stomack and Spleen and through the upper and lower Mesenterick Arteries into the Intestines afterward the Blood is re-conveyed from the Stomack Spleen
Chyle not capable to be well attenuated by the heat and motion of the Blood so that Nature endeavoureth often to free her self from this indigested Liquor by making a secretion of it from the Blood in the Glands of the Kidneys where it mixeth with the serous Matter and is transmitted by the Ureters to the Bladder where it maketh the gross white Contexts falling to the bottom of the Urinal Under the surface of extravasated Blood which is affected with variety of Colours partly Florid or Red others more dark seated in a clammy Matter is lodged the body of the Red Crassament coated with a deep Purple or Blackish hue and is a considerable part of the mass of Blood The Blood consisteth of many White Filaments interspersed with numerous minute white Filaments which cannot be well discerned as being clouded with the opace body of the Red Crassament except when the Vein is opened and the Blood received into warm water which washing the serous Liquor from the Red fibrous parts causeth the round White Filaments to discover themselves by swimming on the surface of the Water And the fine threads of the Blood being embodied with the serous potulent Matter produceth the Hypostasis of Urine which is wanting in ill habits of Body by reason their Urine is commonly turbid as having no Hypostasis very frequent in crude watry masses of Blood destitute of well elaborated Fibres when in an adust mass of Blood too the Chyme is not concocted into proper Filaments with which the Red Crassament of well-tempered Blood is highly furnished And it may be expected that I shall give an account The cause how the gross part of the Blood becommeth Red. how this Crassament cometh to be tinged with a Red colour which as I humbly conceive is derived from subacid and sulphureous Particles often circulating with and dissolved by the heat of the Blood and blended with its Mass which may be rendred in some manner plain by the artificial operations of Chymistry whereby the saline and chiefly the acide Particles being mixed with sulphureous give a Red tincture as in the distillation of Nitre which aboundeth with sulphureous Atomes and the affusion of a few drops of Oil of Vitriol or Sulphur made upon Liquor or Conserves that have only a blush of Red giveth them immediately a more deep tincture of the same colour But some may object how cometh it The reason why the Chyle not well attenuated doth not put on its Red array that the Chyle is not arayed in Scarlet by reason its liquid substance is impregnated with Salt and sulphureous parts which do not impart a Red hue to the Chyle because its Elements are in a state of crudity as not being sufficiently attenuated till they have espoused a union with the mass of Blood wherein they grow more concocted and spirituous by a constant digestion of heat and repeated circulation with the mass of Blood through the Heart The Blood is very pale in Maids afflicted with the Green Sickness as it is vulgarly called springing from a crude and indigested mass of Blood The Blood is pale in obstructed Virgins wherein the fixed Salt and gross sulphureous Particles are not well attenuated and associated with the substance of the Blood And it is well known to most Artists well versed in Chymical Operations that the mass of Blood is not only compounded of the constituent part of Cristalline Liquor and Red Crassament embodied proper Vessel but doth also associate with other integral parts saline sulphureous airy watry and earthy Atomes as the different Elements which make up its Mass As to the Sulphureous The sulphureous parts of Blood they may be clearly proved by our nourishment because we frequently Treat our selves with sweet oily fat Aliment which being concocted in the Stomack and transmitted to the mass of Blood doth generate and support the fat parts of the Body And as to the salt Nutriment The saline parts of the Blood it imprinteth the same disposition on the Blood which may be extracted out of its Mass by Art clearly demonstrating the many Particles of Salt which may be evinced by the power of Nature too by reason the salt Atomes of the Blood are separated by the Glands of the Kidney and confaederated with its serous parts and afterward conveyed by the small Channels of the Ureters into the larger Cistern of the Bladder As to the Airy parts of the Blood The airy parts of Blood we need no better arguments to prove it then the florid froth mixed with Blood by inspiration and is sometimes coughed up in great quantity when the vessels of the Lungs are lacerated or corroded by the sharp particles of the Blood and it is very agreeable to Reason that the volatil saline and sulphureous parts of Blood should be governed as receiving a due allay from the more fixed and cool parts of Earth and Water In order to a further demonstration of the Elementary parts of Blood I will add the clearness of Sense to the authority of Reason plainly deducible from Chymistry in the distillation of Blood whose moist vapours being elevated by the force of an intense Heat the volatil Particles being deeply immersed in the more fixed and earthy do ascend the sides of the Alembick where they are condensed into drops The spirituous parts of Blood making a clear transparent Liquor somewhat resembling the Spirit of Wine impregnated with volatil sulphureous and saline Atomes the sulphureous betray themselves in a stinking Smell and the saline in a brackish pickant Taste seated in the Spirit of Blood which being drawn off next ascend the grosser sulphureous parts under the form of a blackish Oil which by reason of the Empyreuma hath a most faetide offensive Scent Lastly The saline parts of the Blood incorporated with its Flegme rise by the sides of the Alembick till all the other Elements are extracted out of the earthy parts leaving them debased into a dull insipid Matter commonly called Caput Mortuum and Salt too The Caput Moriuum of Blood which being frequently calcined doth degenerate into this sluggish Body And now the different Active and Passive Elements of the Blood being discoursed do fairly usher in a History of its Motion which is differenced by local and intestine of which the last is more intricate The more volatil parts of Blood are depressed by the more gross and sixed The Blood is hightned by intestine and local Motion as being compounded of subtle Heterogeneous Particles Actively and Passively concurring not as Essential but integral parts perfective of the Blood of which the more active and spirituous are always upon the wing ready to take their flight from the Blood were they not depressed by the more fixed and grosser which are attenuated and refined till they receiving greater and greater exaltation by the expansion of the more subtle parts do contribute their Mite to the completion of the Blood And the Blood
is not only exalted by gentle intestine Motion but more and more hightened by local too which is first of all performed in the seminal Liquor and as being a fluid Body cannot govern it self so that it is put under anothers dispose the covers of Membranes every way encircling it to confirm and secure it from extraneous Matter about these Membranes The Blood beginneth its first stage of Motion caused by the ambient heat of the neighbouring parts which colliquates the more spirituous portion of the seminal Liquor which becoming vital near the confines of it is afterward propagated in a gentle stream by channels cut through the viscide Matter uniting themselves in the Punctum Saliens as in a small Cistern so that the original of the Motion belonging to the vital Liquor is caused by extraneous heat without any impulse made from the Circumference to the Center from the outward part of the seminal Liquor adjoyning to the Amnion and Chorion passing through minute Ducts the first rudiments of Veins ending in the Vesicula Pulsans where by its tremulous Motion beginneth the first impulse of the Blood making Rivulets through different Channels of Arteries growing smaller and smaller toward the ambient parts of the seminal Matter whereupon this may be called the retrograde Motion of the Blood impelled by the Punctum Saliens from the Center to the Circumference But the first Motion springeth from the ambient parts of the colliquated Seed where the first rudiment of the Blood is discernible before the rough draught of the veins is made And when the Veins Heart Arteries Lungs of the Faetus are perfectly formed a greater current of Blood is transmitted out of the Vena Cava by the Foramen ovale in arteriam venosam and so conveyed into the Left Chamber of the Heart and thence impelled into the Trunk of the Aorta And after the Foetus is born it is receptive of greater proportion of Aliment which being concocted in the Stomach is afterward imparted to the mass of Blood which being highly increased inlargeth its territories and quitteth the Anastomosis with which the Vena Cava correspondeth with the venous Artery so that the Foramen Ovale being shut up after the Foetus is born the Blood hath a free access to the right Chamber of the Heart before uninhabited which being straightened by the contraction of fleshy Fibres throweth the stream of Blood into the pulmonary Artery which is thence conveyed by the Veins into the Left Ventricle and afterward by the mediation of the Ascendent and Descendent Trunks of the great Artery and their fruitful branches to all parts of the Body giving them Life and Heat which is primarily excited in the vital Liquor from the heat of the Vterus which reviving its faint innate Heat colliquates and more and more expandeth one part of the Infant Blood after another by raising its gentle flame by soft Motion The heat of the Blood is exalted by Motion toward the Vesicula Pulsans by whose repeated Motions the heat of the Blood groweth more and more exalted as the Heart becometh more perfect and abler to make more strong vibrations the chief instruments of vital heat to which I conceive the intestine Motion of the Blood may somewhat contribute as the sulphureous Particles have an inbred heat and constant volatil inclinations to their flight were they not inclosed within the confines of Channels and detained by groser parts of other Elements which are enobled by the warmth and subtilty of the Sulphureous spirits ever acting upon the passive Elements subduing and raising them to some greater degree of assimilation by intestine Motion which in some manner is productive of innate heat in the Blood which is hightened or depressed according to the greater or lesser intestine agitations of the volatil sulphureous Particles which would soon grow faint and extinguished were they not supported and advanced by the repeated Motions of the Heart Blood as well as other Liquors is constituted of sulphureous and saline Particles The various principles of the Blood as its integral parts whence it may be reasonably inferred that the Blood compounded of them must consist of several unequal parts some subtle others gross some volatil others fixed Whereupon the vital Liquor is more or less disposed to Fusion and Attenuation as the more Intense or Remiss heat acteth upon the various Elements of the Mass of Blood and colliquates and attenuates the more subtle and less fixed parts rendring them more and more spirituous by divers periods and progressions so that these highly attenuated and exalted Particles are Entituled Spirits by reason of their great subtilty and agility not as they were Bodies existing of themselves separate from the purer and volatil saline and sulphureous Particles with which the vital Spirits have great affinity and concur as integrals of the Blood as being its more noble subtle and active parts sustained and exalted by Motion and Heat which being deficient these spirituous parts of the Blood lose their vigor and activity as being condensed and coagulated with the other more gross and fixed parts which is most conspicuous in extravasated Blood as being soon destitute of Heat as well as Motion Having in some sort described the Motion of the Blood and Heat as an effect and consquent of it I conceive it proper now to render you some account of the composition of it as it may be diversly considered according to the several Liquors some being constituent or Elementary others Vehicles or Recrements of the Blood as to the first the Red Crassament is fraught with hot oily Particles and the albuminous Liquor is impregnated with more mild volatil Salt The disagreeing Airy Earthy Oily and Saline Principles are founded in the different Christalline and Purple Liquors which are associated with Lymphatick and Potulent Matter the divers Vehicles of the Blood and as they concur in fusion making up the mass of vital Liquor cannot incorporate with each other without Solution and Liquation and more particularly no Oily Matter can embody with a Saline except they receive a most exact comminution A Comminution is made of the various Elements of Blood by a brisk Motion against the sides of the Ventricles breaking them into small Particles in some liquid substance as a Menstruum or Vehicle which is very well accomplished in the Ventricles of the Heart by a brisk Motion of dashing the Blood against its walls caused by many impetuous vibrations made by the repeated Contractions of the strong Fibres of the Heart so that all the different Elements of the Blood when they are reduced to minute Particles consisting of divers Figures and sizes do meet with Pores in the different Liquor answering them in proportion and the Magnitudes and Figures of the Elementary Atomes and Pores of the Blood are so exactly modelled in a fit likeness so that the configured Particles are embodied with each other in a most strict and near union of mixtion And Lastly
The Chyle meeting with the Lympha in the common receptacle is transmitted by the Chyliferous Ducts to the Subclavian Vessels when it commenceth an association with the Blood and this White Liquor being in its own nature very crude hath its spirituous Particles highly engaged or immersed in gross Oily Earthy and Saline which confine the more refined operations of the Chyle from exerting themselves till it is farther exalted by the heat of the Blood colliquating the grosser Elements of the Chyme more and more hightened by an intimate converse and mixture with the Blood made by frequent Contractions of the Heart breaking the Chyme into most minute Particles which espouse a most near conjunction as blended with and at last assimilated into Blood which I conceive is not matured when the Chyle is first entertained into an association with Blood but is more and more colliquated and attenuated in the warm Chambers of the Heart and afterward hath its crude parts rendred more spirituous by associating with nitro-aereal Particles in the substance of the Lungs and often addresses to the Heart in repeated circulation productive of greater and greater exaltation of the Chyme And the several Elements mixed with the Purple parts of the Blood being ambulatory to its temperament do fairly lead us to it which according to the Antients is a result and harmony immediately flowing from and made up of the four first qualities which being endued with contrary dispositions do act and re-act in mixto till fitly subduing each other they obtain such a Mediocrity of temper the proper instrument ministerial to all the functions of the Soul so that according to this Hypothesis the temperament of the Blood is a union of the four qualities reduced to Mediocrity which may be considered in a double Notion First when one quality somewhat over-powereth another The temperament of Justice according to Geometrical proportion The Temperaments according to Arithmetical proportion yet so far as it is consistent with the bond of Mixtion and is commonly styled Temperamentum ad justiciam in reference to distributive Justice as observing a Geometrical proportion according to the dignity of the person But the other temperament being that ad pondus is when the four first qualities equally ballance each other to a great exactness in Arithmetical proportion This temperament as I humbly conceive is meerly imaginary as being only in conceit and never in act by reason it is very difficult to reduce the contrary disposition of Elements to a perfect aequilibrium which being supposed it could not continue in that temperament a moment when the various temper of the Air and the different qualities of Aliment would soon pervert this exact Crasis of the Blood and produce a different temper which would soon debase this absolute Eucrasy And I humbly conceive that the temperament of the Blood is not only seated in the Mediocrity of the first qualities relating to the Element of vital Liquor but may have a reference to the Second too whose due proportion does produce or at least assist the intestine and local Motion of the Blood the great Instruments and Conservators of Life The Blood consisteth of Airy Oily and Saline Elements The Active and Passive Elements of the Blood as Active Principles and Serous and Earthy as Passive which being broken into small Particles do incorporate with the mass of Blood And these different if not contrary Principles being mixed in most minute Bodies duly united do countermand each others disagreeing qualities The cool and moist disposition of Air gives an allay to the hot and oily its volatil and thin parts exalt the fixed Salt and gross Oil of the Blood rendring its solid consistence more liquid and fluid as it appeareth in the Chymical operations of Spirit of Sulphur and Vitriol which forced by heat arise in dry streams and ascend the sides of the Campana where they being embodied with Air do descend in Liquid forms and are commonly called Oils but are truly Spirits arising from fluid Salts of Sulphur and Vitriol And on the other side the gross Sulphur or Oil fixed Salt and earthy Particles do depress the over fierce and thin oily and do check the extravagant volatil aspirings of the Saline and spirituous parts of the Blood by confining them to their proper stations The Air Lympha and serous Particles do moisten and attenuate the Red Crassament and crude Chyme rendring them thin and fluid by putting them into a fit capacity of Motion to comply freely with the contraction of the Heart CHAP. XXII Of the Pathology of the Heart in relation to its Substance and Blood passing through it HAving discoursed the natural Structure of the Heart as a noble Engine of Motion consisting of great variety of parts set together in an excellent order I will now use my endeavour with your leave to shew how the choice Oeconomy of Nature is discomposed by various Diseases offering many violations to the regular temper and motion of this choice Machine by which the Blood maketh its circuit through all parts of the Body to impart Life and Heat the great preservatives of the stately Fabrick of Mans Body The Diseases that principally disorder the frame of this curious Organ of Life are variety of Fevers Inflammations Abscesses Ulcers obstructions of its Ventricles produced by Worms and different kinds of concreted Matters The prime subject of Fevers is the Heart The Heart is the subject of Fevers as the Blood is acted in it with an unkindly Heat and is thence communicated by Trunks and greater and less Arterial Branches into all parts of the Body This disorderly Fermentation of the Blood is much hightned by the violent Motions of the Heart dashing the vital Liquor against the inward Walls whereupon its inflammatory disposition is highly intended appearing in stronger Pulsations and the intolerable heat of the Praecordia and vehement Thirst very much afflicting Patients in this fiery Disease This unkindly fermentation and heat of the Blood The first cause of a Fever is the unnatural temperament of the Blood The Second Cause of it iss the Blood too much exalted by Ferments vehemently troubling the Heart seemeth chiefly to depend upon two Causes either its due Crasis or Temperament is disordered by the undue mixtion of its Elements or by the too much exalted Principles of Spirit Salt and Sulphur or Secondly by the innate ferments of the Heart as famous Dr. Willis and others will have it much rarefying the Blood in its passage through the Chamber of this choice Muscle whereupon its frothy effervescence is much increased and is impelled out of the Ventricles and through the channels of various Arteries with great violence into all parts of the Body Learned Borellus maintaineth an Hypothesis Borellus his Opinion that a Fever is not produced by an undue Fermentation of the Blood but from anâ— acrimoniou nervous Liquor and proveth his Hypothesis by reason the Pus of Pleurisy doth not disaffect
the Heart but the Brain that a Fever doth not proceed from an inflammatory indisposition of the Blood or from its putrifaction or from an unnatural fermentation arising out of the Heterogeneous Elements of mixed Saline and Sulphureous Particles but from the sharp Spirits or Atomes of the nervous Liquor as it may be seen Parte Al era de Motu Animalium Pag. 460. Spiritus Ait ille seu succi nervei solito redditi acriores nervos cor irritantes sunt causae productivae primae immediatae excandescentiae febrilis This famous Author confirms his Opinion Pag. 466. Comprobatur ex febrili motu qui exoritur dum pus conficitur in pustulis ulceribus in quibus succi pravi pus efficientes fermentantes non per venas ad cor sed per nervos ad cerebrum traducuntur Quod suadetur ex eo quod Cor nihil fere afficitur a contactu similium succorum fermentatorum ut patet ex transitu puris pleuritici per Cor. Quare praedictus succus fermentatus pustularum qui valde mordicare nervos ibidem definentes potest facile veneficam suam qualitatem cerebro hinc Cordi commotionem communicare potest ejusque rithmum alterare febremque efficere to the beginning of the Paragraph that the fermenting Pus of Ulcers is not carried to the Brain by Veins but by Nerves which he after instances in a pleuritical Pus I take the boldness to speak this return that the terminations of the Nerves being very small or not capable to receive a purulent Matter which is gross and convey it through the straight Interstices of the Filaments to the Brain which is attended with a greater improbability by reason the constant Motion of the nervous Liquor from the Brain through the Nerves must necessarily resist the retrograde Motion of the Pus or else a contrary Motion of different Humors must be admitted at the same time in the same vessels which I humbly conceive implieth a Contradiction that the nervous Liquor should have a Flux from the Brain and the purulent Matter to it at the same time through the same Nerves About the middle of the said Paragraph the Renowned Author saith that the Heart is little or nothing affected with the passage of the Pus which is transmitted to the Right Ventricle by the veins of the Pleura and Cava and not by Nerves to the Brain and with deference to this Author that I am not of his Opinion because I have seen one Mr. Echins a Patient of mine afflicted with a great Fever and Faintness when in an Ulcer of the Lungs the purulent Matter was conveyed by the pulmonary Vein into the Left Ventricle of the Heart and from thence through the descendent Trunk of the Aorta Emulgent Artery Vein and Ureters into the Bladder and from thence excerned with the Urine through the Urethra so that I saw a great quantity of Pus setled with the Urine in the bottom of the Urinal Ingenious Borellus proceedeth to give a farther account how the nervous Liquor degenerates and becometh the cause of a Fever In fine Pag. 471. The Authors Opinion that a Fever doth proceed from a nervous Liquor stagnant in the Nerves by reason their terminations are shut up either by a quantity of Blood or viscous Matter obstructing the extremities of the Nerves Animadverto quod succi illi destinati at Nervis expellantur deponanturque in Glandulis fieri potest ut casu aliquo detineantur in eisdem Nervis obturatis nimirum meatibus ostiolis Nervorum in Glandulis desinentium ob plethoram vel ob gluten aliquod in eis contentum hi vero succi retenti in Nervis degenerare facile possunt fermentatione quadam in alienam naturam animali noxiam In this Paragraph he sheweth how the nervous Juyce being stagnant in the Interstices of the Nerves terminating into the substance of the Glands doth acquire an ill nature by reason the extremities of the Nerves belonging to the Glands are shut up as I conceive either by compression produced by a quantity of Blood lodged in the Glands in a plethorick Constitution or by some viscid Matter like Glue obstructing the terminations of the Nerves so that they cannot transmit the nervous Liquor into the Glands Whereupon it having lost its Motion groweth sharp which being granted the difficulty will yet remain how this ill nervous Juyce can be transmitted to the Brain which sendeth a perpetual Flux of Liquor first into the origens of the Nerves seated in the Cortex and from thence through the several Trunks and Branches to the Fibrils ending into the substance of the Glands so that this constant motion of the Liquor flowing from the fountain of the Brain in divers soft streams through the Interstices of the Filaments to the terminations of the Nerves doth hinder the reflux of Liquor from the extremities of the Nerves toward the Brain as I have more largely proved above Whereupon the stagnated acrimonious Liquor would with greater probability produce Convulsive motions in the tender compage of the Nerves to disburden themselves through this extremity into the body of the Glands rather then recoile by a contrary Motion through the Interstices of the nervous filaments into the Brain and by other Nerves be thence conveyed to the substance of the Heart and raise a Fever This Great Author to make good his Hypothesis This Author denieth a Fever to be derived from the effervescence of the Blood denieth a Fever to proceed from the fermentation or effervescence of the Blood whereby the Heart is not irritated to make frequent pulsations as he hath it much after this sense Parte Secunda de motu animal Pag. 446. Febris Ait ille non accenditur a sanguine alterato fermentatoque neque ob mordacitatem ejus Cor irritatum Febrilem excandescentiam efficit But by the leave of this excellent Author I humbly conceive that a Fever proceedeth from the unnatural intestine motion of the Blood as it is made up of different Liquors and Elements associating with the Nervous Chymous and serous Juyces and the animal Liquor comming from the Brain is transmitted through the Nerves into the substance of the Muscles and Glands of the Viscera and all other parts of the Body where its near part confederates with the Blood and if its Recrement is not conveyed into the Lymphaeducts the nervous Liquor groweth sharp and much disordereth the Crasis and due Fermentation of the Blood and disposeth it to a Fever If the Chyme being crude and not easy to be assimilated The indigested Chyme is a cause of a Fever meeteth with a mass of Blood too highly impregnated with sharp and sulphureous Elements ariseth an ebullition of the Blood oftentimes productive of a Fever The serous Particles of the Blood being watry and saline The watry and saline parts of the Blood incline to a Fever being too exuberant as not severed from the purer parts of the vital Liquor
Particles of the Blood being highly enraged do produce a great ebullition of Blood emulating the Fit of a Malignant Fever which was at last discharged by the eruption of numerous Pimples filled with the Serum of the Blood highly precipitated besetting the Cuticula of the whole Body Sometimes the Spirituous parts of the Blood are highly evaporated by poysonous Miasmes wherein the particles of Salt and Sulphur are so highly exalted that the Blood becometh icterical The Blood is coagulated putrefied and the bond of Mixtion highly disordered in malignant Fevers by too great an assation So that it is sometimes hued with Yellow and other times with Black And there are other Poysons of another nature which are more dangerous as destructive to the Compage of the Blood in producing first a Coagulation and afterward Putrefaction So that the Spirits of the Blood being evaporated the equal Mixtion is dissolved and the grosser parts being associated do quit the Serous Particles and the poysonous Miasmes infecting the Blood do cause it to Coagulate somewhat after the manner of Milk mixed with Runnet whereupon the red Crassament is rendred Grumous as well as the Chymous parts whence ariseth the Polypus of the Heart as also Syncopes and Lipothymies c. The way of communicating poysonous steams to the Vital and Animal Liquor in reference to the production of Malignant Epidemical Fevers The way of Infection in Malignant Fevers is from the Air by inspiration wherein many saline and sulphureous Mercurial Arsenical and other Exhalations of the same figure and nature coming from poysonous Minerals of the Earth being confederated and received into the Lungs do mix with the mass of Blood These Effluvia being of a most subtle disposition do insinuate into the Blood sometimes precipitating it by the separation of the Serous Particles from the more thick Purple Liquor and other times making it stagnant in the Vessels and Ventricles of the Heart do generate a coagulation of the Blood producing dreadful symptoms The Malignant Vapours residing in a poysonous Air make impressions more readily in ill masses of Blood full of sulphureous Particles easily breaking out into a feverish flame especially in timorous persons wherein the steams of infected Air are speedily conveyed inward with the Blood into the Chambers of the Heart CHAP. XXIV Of Intermittent Fevers HAving given in some sort a Narrative of Diseases in reference to Petuitous and Bilious Recrements I shall now take the freedom to speak somewhat of the Distempers of a Melancholick Constitution of Blood sprinkling from gross Aliment A melancholy constitution of Blood abounding with earthy parts and fixed Salt which being above measure exalted are productive of an Acid indisposition which being elevated to a great height maketh it degenerate into a Fluor wherein the Saline before espoused to the oily and earthy Particles do suffer a divorce from them So that the bond of Mixtion is in a great part dissolved in the mass of Blood and the Saline parts being not under the controul of the Elements have a kind of absolute power as commanding the Compage of the mass of Blood whereupon the spirituous and sulphureous Particles being much evaporated A Quartan Ague the Saline do exercise a dominion over the rest by inducing an Acor to the whole Mixtum relative to the Blood from whence sometimes proceedeth a Quartan Ague differing in types and periods from the Tertian as having its accession every third day and its continent cause is assigned by the Antients to a Melancholick humor putrefying in the lower apartiment of the Body But I humbly conceive it more reasonable that the origen of a Quartan Ague is in the Vital Liquor The cause of a Quartan Ague whose sweet Balsamick quality is debased into an acide and austere indisposition in which the spirituous and oily parts being much withdrawn the Tartareous consisting of earthy and Salt parts are too much heightned to a Fluor productive of Acid Particles which are carried by the greater Channels of Arteries to the smaller and cause Concussions in the Membrana Carnosa in the beginning of the Paroxysm which when violent are called Rigors when more remiss are termed Horrors and these Convulsive Motions accompany the first rise of the accession and when the heat followeth the Increment of the Fit beginneth and when the unnatural heat arriveth to a height the Fit cometh to a state and when the ebullition of the Blood is abated the declination of the Paroxysm appeareth which terminateth into a plentiful Sweat The reason why the Periods of a Quartan have longer Intervals than those of a Tertian The reason why Quartan Agues have longer intermissions than other Intermittent Fevers is because the distemper of the Blood tending to Acid is more remiss in heat disaffecting the Chyme in a less degree permitting somewhat of Assimilation into Blood and the perverting the other Particles of it do not make so great a disorder as is found in a Tertian So that the Materia Substrata of the Blood being less depraved in a Quartan doth more slowly fill the Vital Liquor with indigested Particles and the Saline Atoms being more moderate in heat require longer time before the peccant Matter is exalted producing an Ebullition in the Heart the continent cause of a Quartan which hath often a most difficult Cure and is long afflictive because it is derived from an Acid Dyscrasie of the Blood which is not easily redressed by Medicines whereas the bilious indisposition consisting in an effervescence of Vital Juyce proceeding from an association of oily Particles is more speedily discharged by a free transpiration but a Melancholick Constitution springing from a depauperated mass of Blood hath its more spirituous Particles retired from it and the saline and earthy parts are too much exalted The Cure of Quartan Agues And therefore Purgatives alone are not available in a Quartan Ague in which the fixed Saline parts of the Blood must be rendred Volatil and the lost sweet Balsamick repaired by Medicines Dulcifying the Acid and by impregnating them with oily spirituous Particles which is of as great moment as difficulty to effect And also in an acid disaffection of the Blood when its laudable portion is over-powered with a too highly exalted Salt it is rendred dispirited productive of a Fluor whence arise the great variety of Scorbutick diseases abounding in numerous symptoms Emulating divers Distempers proceeding also from concreted saline Particles transmitted from the mass of Blood and vitiating the Nervous Liquor whence is propagated a prodigious off-spring of Chronick diseases as the Strumae Rheumatisms Gouts Scabs Scurf Cancers Leprosies and the like CHAP. XXV The Cures of Intermittent Fevers THe diseases of the Blood afflicting the Heart being Intermittent Continued and Malignant Fevers I will now having heretofore discoursed their Causes propound some short means of their Cures derived from several Indications As to the most urgent and chief Indication That the great
effervescence of the Blood may be taken off Vomiting Bleeding and Purging are very important Vomiting Medicines do clear the Stomach of gross pituitous bilious and acid humors and put the Ventricle into a good capacity to concoct Aliment by extracting a laudable alimentary Tincture which is the Materia Substrata of Blood whose constant decay of Spirits is repaired by good Chyle The first Indication denoteth Vomitories are proper in Intermittent Fevers whereupon Intermittent Fevers flowing from undue Chyme are often Cured or much alleviated in more gentle Paroxysms by Vomitories also the Bilious Recrements are thrown out of the Liver by the common Duct into the Intestines whereupon the Blood is rendred more pure as severed from its adust Particles of Sulphur and Salt The opening a Veing in a Plethorick constitution of Body Opening a Vein is good in a Plethorick Constitution in case of these Fevers Gentle Purgatives and cooling Julaps may be safely administred doth by lessening the quantity of Blood give a more nimble Circulation and also an allay to the great Ebullition of Blood the continent cause of Fevers Gentle Purgatives consisting of opening cooling Medicines do take away the obstructions of the Liver and freely discharge the bilious humors out of it and the Blood and so rendereth it cool and depurated from its Oily Recrements The second Indication in Intermittent Fevers The second Indication denoteth good Diet is very beneficial in this case is taken from the inhibition of a depraved Chyme which is performed by exact rules of Diet that it might be thin and of easie Concoction and not over sweet oily and too spirituous So that generous Wines being taken must be mixed with serous or watry Liquors which subdue the sulphureous and spirituous parts of the Blood in reducing it to a good temper by checking its great Ebullition The third Indication is taking of the Paroxysm of Intermittent Fevers by proper Specificks The third Indication is satisfied by Specificks as by several kinds of Decocta Amara mixed with some cooling Julaps and the Cortex of Peru a most powerful and safe Medicine may be given after the Body is well prepared by Vomitories Purgatives and Venaesection cooling and cordial Julaps made of Pearl do highly temper the Blood and Testaceous Powders are proper in Fevers too as promoting Sweats and insensible transpiration breathing out the fiery steams of the Blood Salt of Carduus or Wormwood given with Conserves of Wood Sorrel as also in a Specifick Menstruum mixed with a few drops of Oyl of Vitriol or Sulphur which do give a check and often take away the Fits of Intermittent Fevers by appeasing the immoderate heat and fermentation of the Blood CHAP. XXVI Of the Cure of Continued Fevers AS to the Cure of Continued Fevers The one proceedeth from the accession of the Volatil and spirituous parts of the Blood called Febris Ephemera The second is produced by the more sulphureous Atoms inflamed styled Continua as being without any perfect 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The third kind is named Malignant as derived from poysonous Steams either precipitating the Blood into serous Particles or coagulating its red Crassament or the Chymous part the Matter of Blood which is found in Polypo Cordis à Chymo in Ventriculis Concreto Febris Ephemera consisting in the subtle parts of the Blood inflamed The first Indication of a Febris Ephemera hath three Indications The first is the Remotion of the Procatartick cause as the immoderate heat of the Sun or assumption of generous Wines playing in hot Baths violent exercise and the like The second Indication in this Fever supposeth the thin oily parts of the Blood to be allayed by cooling Juleps or discussed by plentiful Sweats The second Indication of this Fever or a free insensible transpiration The third denoteth a deflagration of the Blood The third Indication of this Disease in reducing it to its proper temper and mixtion by the perfect assimilation of the Chyme into Blood and the secretion of its Recrements in various Colatories which is accomplished by Blood-letting making good its Motion as also by a thin Diet and temperate Aperient Diuretick and Sudorifick Medicines discharging the Blood from its inflamed Volatil and more gross feculent Particles As to the Therapeutick of a Continued Fever of many days The Indications of a Continued Fever it is made up chiefly of three Intentions in the first it is requisite to quench the fiery sulphureous parts of the Blood or at least to mitigate them which is the second and the third is to throw off the adust Recrements when the deflagration of the Blood is very much alayed About the beginning of this Fever gentle Clysters may be administred Clysters Bleeding and cooling Juleps are very proper and Bleeding too is very proper in a Plethorick Body to lessen the mass of Blood enraged with inflammatory minute sulphureous Particles and a spare Diet is to be used made of thin Broths prepared with cooling Herbs as also strained Barley-Gruel Water-Gruel Barley-Cream and the like And in the increase of this Disease if the Pulse be high Bleeding is very good in a Plethorick body and in the beginning of the Disease and the Vessels much distended with Blood attended with a want of Sleep and great pain of the Head a Vein may be opened the second time and blistering Plaisters applied between the Shoulders and to the inside of the Arms Thighs Legs and Cataplasms to the Feet In the state of a Continued Fever Bleeding is not so proper except in a most exuberant mass of Blood attended with a Phrenitis Angina Perineumonia Pleuritis or some other great inflammation of the Viscera and a most slender Diet is to be observed in the height of this Fever lest Nature being overpowered with Aliment hard of Concoction should be diverted from its proper work of conquering the Disease by making a Secretion of the adust from the more refined parts of the Blood Diaphoreticks are proper in Continued Fevers and by discharging them by gentle Sweats through the Cutaneous Glands and their Excretory Ducts terminating into the outward Skin In the declination of the Disease Eating of Flesh is very dangerous in Continued Fevers A gentle Purge may be given in the declination of a Continued Fever si vires ferant care must be taken lest Flesh be eaten before the Fever is some time gone which consisting of Heterogeneous parts will put the Blood upon a new Fermentation and increase the Inflammation of the Blood which hath often proved fatal to the Patient If the strength of the Patient be not brought very low a gentle Purge may be advised to carry off the reliques of the disease and cleanse the Stomach and Guts of gross Excrements and to render them fit for concoction and dristribution of Aliment And when the Fever is discharged it is requisite in order to preserve the Patient in health to advise him to
begin with Broth new laid Eggs poched and afterward to eat Fish easie of digestion before the free eating of Flesh A Malignant Fever proceedeth from Air infected with poysonous steams whereupon the mixtion of the Blood is dissolved and the various Elements severed from their intimate union and the Purple Liquor Concreted and the more serous Precipitated and the Animal Juice vitiated which is accompanied with a great difficulty of breathing a Delirium Convulsive Motions Vomitings universal Horrors tremblings of the whole Body Syncopes Lipothymies vid. greater or less fainting Fits c. This Fever is called Malignant or Pestilential by reason of its venenate nature in which it resembleth the operation of Poyson taken into the body which produceth the same symptoms and is akin to this Fever in the types and periods of its Paroxysms Of this case I will give you a most remarkable instance of a Patient of mine basely poysoned by a Servants Mother contrary to all duty and gratitude putting a quantity of Powder of Arsenick into Coffee-water A Knight of the Bath An instance of a Gentleman Poysoned which had the same types and periods with a Malignant Fever a Person of great Fortune Vertue and Honour about eleven a Clock the Third day of October 1676. drunk two dishes of Coffee and immediately Vomited with great violence and so continued about ten hours in which he conceived he vomited thirty times which was accompanied many hours inwardly with a great heat and thirst with an universal horror or coldness affecting the whole surface of the body which was acted with general Convulsive motions of the Muscles and trembling of the Nerves and Tendons whereupon his strength was so dejected in a very few hours that his Legs could not support him and his Pulse grew quick weak and sometimes intermitting he laboured also with a great difficulty of breathing which was now and then for some short time intercepted and then returned again he was also afflicted with a high Flatus distending his Stomach and Guts productive of great tensive pains These symptoms or some of them at least affected him from the taking of the Coffee till Wednesday at noon and then had some alleviation till about two on Thursday morning and then many of the former accidents returned much aping a Malignant Fever and afflicted him till about eleven a Clock on the same day and then had ease all the afternoon and fore part of the night till two the next morning and then the Fever and symptoms were renewed and held him till about eleven the same day so that this Malignant Disease and symptoms lasted at first for two days and nights and afterward lasted but nine or ten hours in Four and twenty for six or seven days more and upon the application of proper Cordials and great Doses of Oriental Bezoar he had free Sweats for five or six days together which brought out an innumerous company of Pimples full of Serous Liquor besetting the whole surface of the Skin which spake a period to the Disease to the Glory of God and the Joy of his Physician and Friends CHAP. XXVII Of the Diseases of the Heart and their Cures HAving done with the various kinds of Fevers I will now with your permission Treat of other Diseases relating to the Heart The cause of an inflammation of the Heart beginning with an Inflamation which proceedeth from a quantity or from thickness of Blood impelled out of the beginning of the Aorta into the Coronary Artery and out of the terminations of its Capillaries is transmitted into the empty spaces of the Vessels appertaining to the fleshy Fibres of the Heart where it groweth Stagnated as not being in a capacity to be received into the minute Origens of the Coronary Veins whereupon it being some time extravasated in the carnous Fibres of the Heart doth gain an unnatural Effervescence highly discomposing the Motion of the Fibres in order to make good a due Systole of the Heart whereupon ensueth an Intermittent Pulse flowing from an exuberant quantity of Blood lodged in the Ventricles as not able to be discharged by the contraction of the weakned inflamed and tumefied carnous Fibres which produce Lypothymies Syncopes and palpitations of the Heart If the Blood be long extravasated in the fleshy Fibres of the Heart it loseth its Native bounty as wanting intestine and local Motions and degenerates into a corrupted condition whence ariseth an Abscess An abscess of the Heart derived from a collection of Matter lodged in the empty spaces of the Vessels belonging to the carnous Fibres of the Heart which being Corroded by the Acrimonious Particles of the Pus do discharge it into the more enlarged Cavity of either Ventricle whereupon an Abscess becometh an Ulcer An Ulcer of the Heart which is a Flux of Pus or sanious Matter out of the substance into some Cavity of the inward parts or thrown out of the Confines of the Body by the corruption and perforation of the Cutis and Cuticula An instance may be given of an Ulcer of the Heart flowing from an Inflammation and Abscess in a Citizen An Instance of the Ulcer of the Heart afflicted with the deadly symptomes of a Fever Lypothymies Syncopes c. and the Thorax and Ventricles of his Heart being opened were found to be filled with thin stinking sanious Matter To prevent this fatal stroke The Cure of an Inflammation caused by Abscesses and Ulcers of the Heart the only way is timely to take off the Inflammation before the Disease getteth too great a Head which is done by free and repeated Bleeding in a plethorick Constitution which emptieth the Coronary Vein into the Vena Cava and Right Ventricle whereby the Coronary Blood-Vessels may be in some degree emptied and the Stagnancy of the Blood in the Interstices of the Vessels taken away by the reception of it into the extremities of the Vein As to the Fever cooling and opening Apozemes The Cure of a Fever relating to an Inflammation of the Heart mixed with gentle Diureticks are very proper which do cool and attenuate the hot and gross Blood and take off its aptness to Stagnate by promoting it s more dull Motion As to Syncopes and Lypothymies attending Inflammations of the Heart Pearl Emulsions are very advantageous adding to each Dose many drops of Spirit of Hartshorn of Salt Armoniack succinated Compound Spirit of Lavender Spirit of Saffron c. The Ventricles of the Heart are liable to many Obstructions The obstructions of the Ventricles of the Heart proceeding from divers causes proceeding from variety of Matter sometimes with Stones produced by a Lapidescent quality of the Blood turning the Tartar of it composed of many Saline and some earthy Particles into a hard stony substance lodged in the Chamber of the Heart whereupon the contracted Fibres cannot perfectly close with each other to squeeze the Blood out of the Right Ventricle into the pulmonary Artery and
and Waters made of Scorby-Grass Water-cresses of the tops of Pine and Firr Millepedes Nutmegs infused in Mumme and after Distilled in it and new Milk which are often crowned with good success as being very efficacious to attenuate and sweeten a foul mass of Blood disaffected with gross Tartar and many thick Filamentous Particles and Filmes which are much rectisied by Antiscorbutick and Chalybeat methods of Physick CHAP. XXXIV Of the Veins relating to the Heart VEins of the Heart are oblong round concave Vessels importing Blood into the Right and Left Ventricles and the venal Tubes are different from those of Arteries because the first begin in Capillaries and go on in Ramulers and at last end in Trunks and are inserted into the Right and Left Cistern of the Heart and whereas the Arteries export Blood out of the Heart and begin in the Heart in large Orifices and great Trunks and make their progress in less and less Channels and do at last terminate into small Capillaries The Ventricles of the Heart are accommodated with the terminations of the Cava and pulmonary Vein the one being seated in the Right The Ventricles of the Heart are furnished with the Orifices of the Cava and pulmonary Vein and the other in the Left Side and the Body and surface of the Heart is furnished with numerous divarications of the coronary Vein The small Capillar origens of Radication and the lesser and greater Branches of Veins The Veins implanted into the Cava relating to all the inward and outward parts of the whole Body except those of the Porta and pulmonary Veins are implanted into the Ascendent or Descendent Trunk of the Cava which are conjoyned in one common Trunk terminating into the Right Ventricle into which as a common Cistern all the parts of the Body except the Lungs do discharge the numerous Rivulets of vital Liquor on the confines of the Right Auricle where the Ascendent espouseth a union with the Descendent Trunk of the Cava A Prominence arising in the Right Auricle of the Heart being ready to discharge its vital streams into the Right Auricle a Bunch or Prominence ariseth which is worthy our remark in the nature of a Damm giving a check to the stream of Blood passing in the descendent Trunk of the Cava and turneth it into the Right Auricle else the descendent leaning upon the ascendent Trunk would hinder the current of Blood passing upward toward the Heart And by reason there is greater danger in a humane Body placed in an erect posture therefore Nature hath made this bunch or prominence greater in Man then other Animals as Learned Dr. Lower my worthy Collegue hath most ingen iously discovered And farthermore The annular fleshy Fibres of the Cava lest the torrent of Blood being stopped in the adjoyning Cava by the contraction of the Right Auricle therefore the Vena Cava about its termination in greater Animals as Man and Bruits is encircled with annular fleshy Fibres to give the Vena Cava strength to prevent a Laceration when highly distended with a large torrent of Blood whose Current is much hastened when the circumference of the Cava is lessened by the contraction of these strong Fleshy Fibres So that the vital stream is injected as by a Syringe into the Right Auricle of the Heart and in the Vena Cava of Horses and other Beasts these muscular Fibres are very large and being strongly moved inward in a circular posture do narrow the compass of the Cava and squeeze the Blood with great force into the Cavity of the Right Auricle The small capillary extremities and greater fruitful divarications of the pulmonary Vein dispersed through the substance of the Lungs are all implanted into one Trunk which emptieth the torrent of Blood by a large Orifice into the Left Ventricle of the Heart The coronary Veins do shade the Heart with great variety of Branches encircling the Base and ascend toward the Cone these Veins begin in most numerous minute Capillaries and afterward are enlarged into greater and greater Branches The First production of Veins which are all implanted into one Trunk of the Cava The Veins The First production of Veins as I conceive have their principle of Generation after this manner the vital Liquor after it hath received its first Rudiment in the ambient parts of colliquated seminal Liquor doth separate it self from the other more gross viscid parts which are concreted on every side of the vital Liquor into a round membranous Tube in which the Blood is conveyed to the beating point and afterward maketh its retrograde Motion from a rough draught of the Heart not confusedly transmitted through the inward seminal Recesses but is transmitted by other Tubes formed on each side of the Blood of the more gross genital juyce coagulated by Heat into membranous Cylinders conveying the gentle stream of Blood from the circumference of the melted Seminal Liquor And it being granted that the parts of Blood being near akin do espouse a confederacy in their first formation and affecting Motion as their great preservation and complement do by their heat and spirit separate the more faeculent adjacent parts of the seminal Liquor which is coagulated on each side of the Blood into round oblong Tunicles through which as so many Channels the Blood is first conveyed by Veins from the circumference of the seminal Liquor to the Center and then from the beating point the origen of the Heart it is carried in by a retrograde Motion by other Tubes as Rudiments of Arteries into the ambient parts of Crystalline Liquor in which the Plastick power doth reside which is an efficient cause of the first production of all parts of the Body The Veins of the Heart are endued with a substance common to all veins of the whole Body The substance of the Veins which is for the most part Membranous as capable of Distention without any Laceration which else would happen were they not accommodated with variety of membranous Fibrils The substance of the Veins is thinner then that of Arteries The Coats of the Veins The outward Coat and is made up of two Coats only the outward may receive the appellative of Common as taking its rise from the neighbouring parts in the middle apartiment from the Pleura and in the lowest from the rimm of the Belly and are not invested with this Coat when they make their Ingress and are branched through the substance of the Viscera The frame of the outward Coat of the Veius This Tunicle is framed of many small Fibrils running in variety of positions whereupon this outward Coat is receptive of Distention without prejudice to its Compage The Second Coat of the Veins may be stiled proper The inward Coat of the Veins made up of various Fibrils which is its inward Tunicle composed of threefold Fibres rarely interwoven of which some are right others oblique and a Third Transverse and though
this variety of Membranes can hardly be demonstrated by the evidence of Sense as being so fine and close struck that they elude the most quick Eye yet they being considered by Reason may be rendred manifest as being wisely instituted by Nature to conserve the due tone of the Veins when much distended by an exuberant quantity of Blood of which they being freed have a power to reduce their Coats to their former Primitive more easy posture 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tenuis rare est haec venarum tunica teste Galeno lib. 6. cap. 10. De usu partium Hanc ut reliquarum partium similarium Idem lib. 10. Methodi medendi cap. 21. Seu ultimo Vbi hane venarum tunicam Membranosam Fibrosam Carnosam Constituit The inward Coats according to Galen is Membranous Fibrous and Carnous 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In singulis simplicium ac primarum quas vocant partium ut 〈◊〉 dissectionibus es contemplatus alia portio substantiae est veluti Fibrosa alâ—â— Membranosa alia Carnosa sicut exempli causa cum vena unicam tunicam habeat eam tenuem licet Fibras in ea inâ—eniet multas quae sunt araneosis quibusdam intersitis contextae quibus utrisque propria venae substantia adnascitur This Hypothesis of Great Galen may be plainly proved by Autopsy in the Vena Cava of large Animals adjoyning to the Right Side of the Heart The fleshy Fibres of the Cava and I humbly conceive that other parts of the Trunk and branches of the Cava are beset with fleshy Fibres too which are much smaller in those places then about the termination of the Vena Cava whereupon they are not so easily seen And I humbly conceive the annular fleshy Fibres The use of the fleshy Fibres of the Veins encircling the Tunicles of the Veins are of a very important if not necessary use to further the circulation of Blood which else would be very slow in the Veins were they not assisted with circular fleshy Fibres which contracting themselves do very much promote the motion of the Blood in all Veins and more particularly its ascent in the ascendent Trunk of the Cava toward the Right Ventricle of the Heart And this Hypothesis may be farther confirmed that the fleshy Fibres are of great importance to give vigor and strength to the coats of the Veins which being highly dilated by great torrents of Blood or by a quantity of gross vital Liquor have their inward coat broken with its annular Fibres so that it groweth so relaxed that it cannot contract it self by reason the Fibres are lacerated which is very conspicuous in varicibus venarum a Fibris circularibus disruptis provenientibus The Veins have many Valves affixed to their inward Concave Surface The Valves of the Veins and are framed of a thin compacted membranous substance derived as I apprehend from the interior Tunicle of the Veins They are adorned with a semilunary Figure The Figure of the Valves and are for the most part single and sometimes double and sometimes treble as some conceive seated against each other which are found only in the great Veins of large Animals Some Anatomists have discovered Three Valves seated opposite to each other in a triangular Figure The set number of the Valves feated in the inside of the Veins The number of the Valves cannot be counted cannot be recounted by reason the eminent Valves placed in the great Veins can only be discerned and the infinite number of minute Valves besetting the small Veins can no ways be discovered but it is very clear to Reason that there be such Valves which are consigned to a great use to give a check to the retrograde motion of the Blood toward their Origens which else would destroy its circuit toward the Heart which is absolutely necessary to preserve the choice vital Flame And seeing the Veins and Arteries are both Channels The motion of the Blood is first made in the Veins importing and exporting rivulets of Blood to and from the Heart it may be worth our consideration to assign the Vessels in which the motion of the Blood is commenced and carried to the Heart as the great machine of Motion which I humbly conceive is first performed in the Veins by reason they have their first rudiment in the seminal Liquor before the Arteries were formed because the Veins first received the Blood formed originally in the ambient parts of the colliquated Seed and so conveyed it to the beating point and afterward the Arteries were framed to make good the retrograde Motion of the Blood began in the Heart and carried on to the circumference of the genital matter And as many small Rivulets of Water begin in little Ducts and afterward meet in the large channel of a River conveying a great torrent of Water so in like manner the minute streams of Blood begin their Motion in numerous capillary Veins and are afterward transmitted through greater and greater Branches and Trunks till they arrive to the greater Cistern seated in the Right Ventricle of the Heart CHAP. XXXV The Pathology of the Veins and its Cures THE Veins being the associates of the Arteries are near akin to them as they are both Channels transmitting Blood from part to part and both much alike in Figure as they are both Cylinders endued with oblong round concave Bodies whereupon these different Ducts are much related to each in affinity of Diseases and the Veins as well as Arteries are disaffected with Obstruction Compression Laceration and Varices too which is a Disease peculiar to the Veins and as being a swelling arising from stagnant Blood hath some little Analogy with that of an Aneurisme An obstruction of the Veins The obstruction of the Veins arising from Blood making a more general unnatural distention then that of the Varices which make particular swellings especially in the smaller Branches doth arise from the grossness or quantity of Blood dilating the Veins which happeneth mostly in the ascendent Branches of the Cava wherein the weight of the Blood much hindreth its ascent toward the Right Auricle and Ventricle of the Heart whereupon its pulse groweth faint and languid upon the defect of a due proportion of Blood to give spirits to and fill the Pores of the fleshy Fibres with its warm juyce The Cure of this Disease in reference to a quantity of Blood Bleeding is proper in the obstruction of the Veins and Purgatives are proper in a grossness of Blood obstructing the Cavity of the Veins doth indicate the opening of a Vein with a large Orifice and a free mission of Purple Juyce In relation to this Dilatation of the Veins caused by grossness of a Faeculent Blood Purging Medicines accompanied with antiscorbutick Apozemes and Chalybeat Tinctures Syrups Powders given in a fit Menstruum are very proper to attenuate and refine the thick dispirited mass of Blood disaffected with a melancholick Constitution An obstruction
Linseed-Oil and Sugar and oxymel of Squills mixed with simple oxymel Syrup of Maiden Strong Purgatives are dangerous in a Peripneumonia Liquorice and strong Purgatives are not proper in this disease lest they should enrage the boiling Blood and carry it more freely into the offended noble parts In this case Opiates may not be advised in great watchfulness Opiates are disadvantageous in this case by reason they incrassate the Blood and increase the difficulty of breathing in hindring Expectoration and render the stagnated Blood more impacted in the small Air-pipes and their appendant Sinus in the Lungs Testaceous Powders of Crabs Eies Pearl Sugar of Pearl Salt of Prunel Diaphoreticks and Diureticks are safe and mild Diureticks are very beneficial in this Disease And some drops of tincture of Saffron or Spirit of Saffron Spirit of Tartar Spirit of Niter often rectified with Spirit of Wine may be given in a draught of the Pectoral Decoction often in a day to which may be added in the preparing of it some Flowers of Red or Field Poppy If the pain of the Breast be urgent Topicks may be applied to the Breast in this disease and in reference to help Expectoration Ointments made with Oil of Mace Ointment of Marshmallows Oil of Linseed mixed with Orange-flower Butter may be applied to the Breast with Lawn Paper Some Cases may be given of this Disease As First a Person of Quality An instance of a Peripneumonia a Knight of the Bath was highly afflicted with a violent pain in his Foot whereupon a Pultice was imprudently applyed without the advice of a Physician which repelled the Goutish humor was afterward transmitted into the small Arterial Branches of the Bronchia and their appendant Cells wherein the gross clammy Blood setling in the Vessels or their empty spaces caused an Inflammation of the Lungs accompanied with a great Fever and Thirst and pricking pain and much spitting of Blood and a most difficult Breathing even almost to Suffocation In order to the Cure I advised Blood-letting with a large Orifice of the pierced Vein and a free Hand whereupon he found some alleviation I also advised proper pectoral Apozemes made up of inciding and attenuating Ingredients and various Lambitives in great difficulty of breathing I gave him Elixir Proprietatis and Spirit of Harts-horn and Spirit of Saffron are good either given of themselves or best in a draught of Pectoral Decoction whereupon he expectorated a great quantity of gross clammy Matter mixed with Blood I also prescribed often Blood-letting to the Patient as having a very strong Pulse and a very large mass of Blood which succeeded very well it being accompanied with variety of Pectoral Medicines whereupon the Patient was perfectly recovered to his former health to the Glory of God and the great joy of his Physician and Friends A worthy Knights Lady was highly afflicted with a Fever Another instance of an Inflammatiof the Lungs great difficulty of Breathing and a large quantity of Blood expectorated with thin spittle plainly shewing this distemper to be an Inflammation of the Lungs and to appease it I often advised a Vein to be freely opened in the beginning of the Disease but she was inexorable after great sollicitations and being struck with a great dread upon the motion of Bleeding would not submit to the Lancet so that the generous remedy of Bleeding being not administred she paid dear for its neglect even to the loss of her Life which could not be purchased by the application of many excellent pectoral Medicines CHAP. LV. Of the Abscess of the Lungs IN an Inflammation of the Lungs The cause of an Abscess of the Lungs the substance of the Bronchia and Sinus are distended with a quantity of gross Blood either setled in the small Ramulets of the bronchial and pulmonary Arteries or extravasated in the Interstices of the Vessels so that the Blood cannot be received into the Origens of the Veins and carried into the Left Ventricle of the Heart which chiefly happens when Blood-letting is omitted which if celebrated would have lessened the quantity of Blood and diverted its current from the Lungs and sollicited the stagnated Blood in order to motion into the extremities of the capillary pulmonary Veins which Nature being not able to make good the stagnated Blood loseth its tone and groweth corrupted and its Albuminous part is separated from the Purple Liquor and turned into a Pus whence ensueth an Aposteme which is a collection of purulent Matter in the substance of the Bronchia and membranous Cells annexed to them which became putride by the sharp indisposition of the Pus received into their Cavities which being very sensible of their burden as composed of nervous and carnous Fibres contracting themselves to expel the corrupt matter of the Abscess through the greater and less Air-pipes of the Lungs into the Mouth An Aposteme of them An Aposteme called Vomica Pulmonum called Vomica Pulmonum is much akin to that produced in a Peripneumonia only it is mere Pus generated without a Fever Inflammation Cough and spitting secretly and of a suddain and worketh so inwardly without the notice of any symptome that it cutteth off the Patient in a moment by suffocation before the Disease can be discovered Learned Tulpius giveth an account of this disaffection lib. 2. cap. 10. Vitium hoc Pulmonis Vomicam innuens latet inter initia ita clanculum ut vix ulla sui proferat indicia praeter Tussiculam primo siccam mox humidam qui aliquandiu continuante trahitur difficulter spiritus deficit anima emarcescit paulatim corpus licet interim nec Pus nec Sanguinem prae se ferunt sputa sed si rumpatur inopinato vomica occiditur dictum ac factum homo But I humbly conceive that this kind of Abscess is not always mortal A Vomica Pulmonum not always deadly and no way proceedeth from a Peripneumonia or Pthisis but a weak disposition of the Lungs inclining them to putrefaction and doth not always come of a suddain but insensibly and by degrees whereby the Pus having its first Origen from some depraved humor groweth more and more matured and by its caustick quality corrodeth the Bronchia and Sinus appendant to them and streameth in the Cavities of the Wind-pipe and is at last ejected the confines of the Body This Disease if its nature be inspected according to its continent cause may be styled a true Abscess produced in the Lungs from some impure Recrements or Heterogeneous parts of the Blood apt to be turned into Pus which being secerned from the more refined are lodged in some or many Cells appendant to the Bronchia and are there confined within some proper Membrane These impure parts of the Blood are not endued with any great Acrimony productive of a Cough neither have any great Effervescence proper to a Fever which is very small if any in a Vomica Pulmonum these vitious humors
with various irregular motions An Asthma also may come from the obstruction of the Origens of the Nerves seated in the Cortex of the Brain An Asthma may come from the Origens of the Nerves obstructed proceeding often from a quantity of Blood as in soporiferous Disaffections compressing the extremities of the Nerves whence the intercostal Muscles play with great difficulty making a deplorable Asthma Sometimes an Asthma may proceed from the narrowness of the Blood-vessels as not able to give a free reception to the mass of Blood An Asthma flowing from narrow Sanguiducts which happen in Convulsive Asthmas wherein the circular fleshy Fibres being unnaturally contracted do lessen the Cavity of the Vessels and hinder the motion of Blood whence ensueth a great difficulty of Respiration An Asthma may proceed from a great quantity of Blood other times an Asthma may be fetched from a great quantity of Blood distending the Blood-vessels which compress the neighbouring Bronchia and Sinus of the Lungs and highly discompose Respiration as the numerous receptacles of Air being straightened in their Cavities are not able to entertain a sufficient quantity of Air in one Inspiration whereupon the Lungs are acted with double and treble Diastoles and Systoles to make good Respiration Another Asthma may be produced by an ill conformation of the Breast An Asthma may come from an ill Conformation of the Breast as affected with narrowness hindring the free play of the Lungs in Respiration Sometimes it proceedeth from the Organs of motion consigned by nature to the inlargment of the hollow perimeter of the Thorax in order to celebrate Inspiration made by the help of the Diaphragme and intercostal Muscles The Coats are hindred in their Contractions The intercostal Muscles cannot play when the animal Spirits are intercepted The intercostal Muscles are hindred in their motion in their inflammation An Asthma coming from ill Air. either in the interception of the Animal Spirits not flowing into the Nerves of the said Muscles caused by the compression of the extremity of the Nerves in the ambient parts of the Brain as it hath been hinted above in a former Discourse The intercostal Muscles are also hindred in their motion in an Inflammation caused by a quantity of Blood lodged in the Interstices of Vessels compressing the carnous Fibres which doth hinder their free play and render Respiration difficult An Asthma also may be fetched from variety of Air either on the tops of high Mountains where we hardly breath in an Air not impregnated with store of nitrous Particles Or when it is gross and stagnant in Fenny places whose watry parts depress the nitrous where persons affected with ill masses of Blood labour with great difficulty of Breathing which is also celebrated in a close hot room and in a Church filled with a great croud of People spoiling the Air with fuliginous steams The Cure of this Disease is chiefly managed by three Indications The Three Indications in an Asthma the one in reference to the Blood and the other in relation to the motive Organs of Respiration and a Third in point of Convulsive motions belonging to the disaffections of the Brain and Nerves If the Blood offend in quantity Bleeding is proper in an Asthma a Vein is to be opened in the Arm with a free Hand and in case of an Effervescence of the Blood temperate Pectorals and cooling Emulsions are to be advised If the Blood be gross as confaederated with a crude Chyme productives of an Asthma by reason the Phlegme is thick lentous and clammy it indicates attenuating inciding and detergent Pectorals made of the Roots of Iris Enula-Campane Asparagus Dogs-grass Hysop Horehound of which some may be boiled in Water to which Four Ounces of White Wine may be added and being strained it may be sweetened with Syrup of the Five opening Roots of Hysop Maidenhair A Linctus may be made of Oxymel of Squills Saffron Gum Armoniack dissolved in Hysop water which is good in this disaffection as also Spirit of Harts-horn given in a pectoral Decoction Sometimes an Asthma may proceed from a gross Blood Bleeding is good when the Blood stagnates in the substance of the Lungs as being stagnant in the Interstices of the Vessels and afterward its motion is again procured upon Bleeding which taketh off an Inflammation and giveth freedom of Breathing by making good the circulation of Blood An instance may be given of this Case An Instance of this Case in Mr. Ainsworth a Dyer who being in the Sixty seventh year of his age was roughly treated by a rude fellow who had more of Drink then Wit tripping up his Heels and breaking his Ribs by a great fall as being a fat heavy Man whereupon he being let blood he seemed to be partly well for a day or two and then was highly oppressed with a great difficulty of Breathing and ratling in his Throat even almost to a Suffocation attended with an intermittent Pulse proceeding from the gross Blood In order to his relief I immediately ordered him to be let Blood Twelve Ounces out of the Arm and pectoral Apozemes and Lambitives made of Oil of Linseed and Sugar-Candy as also of several sorts of opening pectoral Syrups and various Oxymels and after letting him Blood the Third time his Asthma and intermittent Pulse were wholly quieted and the Patient God be praised hath enjoyed his Health these many years In case of great store of watry Humors afflicting the Bronchia Gentle Purgatives may be proper to discharge the watry Recrements of the Blood clogging the Lungs and Sinus of the Lungs gentle Hydragogues may be advised with Pectorals as also pectoral Apozemes mixed with Diureticks and Antiscorbuticks which speak a great advantage in an Asthma accompanied with a Dropsy with which may be mixed Spirits endued with volatil as also Millepedes added to the former Medicines As to the Organs of Respiration as the Diaphragme c. which being disaffected I refer you to their particular Cures The Third Indication of an Asthma Convulsive motions in Asthmas may be cured by proper cephalick Medicines relating to Convulsive motions proceeding from an ill Succus Nervosus denoteth Cephalick Medicines of distilled Waters made of Lime-Flowers Lilly of the Valley Peony the cephalick Water of Langius Compound Paeony and Briony-water dulcified with Syrup of Lime-Flowers Lilly of the Valley Paeony to which may be added some drops of Palsey-water Spirit of Salt Salt Ammoniack Harts-horn c. distilled with Gum Ammoniack Vesicatories are very beneficial in this and all other kinds of Asthmas which do much alleviate a difficulty of Breathing which is also effected by the application of Cupping-Glasses O Most Good and Glorious Agent Who shall Declare thy wondrous Works that hath made all things in elegant Order due Number Weight and Measure And hast framed the Midriffe as a moving Floor enlarging and contracting the Breast and the Mediastine as a Partition-Wall dividing the
fore-part and Pupil of the Eye The Cristalline Humor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or ill colour of the Cristalline Humor as losing its native constitution is liable to diverse Diseases amongst which the First may be called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 when the Cristalline Liquor quitteth its innate disposition and groweth somewhat Opace in being turned Greyish or Blewish whereupon it is not duely receptive of the visible Images of things The cause of this Disease is The cause of a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 when the Cristalline Humor is somewhat dryed and condensed in old age which is incurable this Disease may be discerned by reason a kind of Whiteness appeareth deep in the Eye through which the Objects are represented to the Retina as through a Cloud or Smoak A cause of another Disease relating to the Cristalline Humor may be the ill situation of it when the anterior Region somewhat resembling the Figure of a large Lentil is not seated directly opposite to the Pupil but is too much elevated or depressed but if one Eye hath the Cristalline Humor duly seated and the other unduly all Objects appear double but if both the Eyes have one kind of ill situation they only dull the Sight without any gemination of the Object The ill placing of the Cristalline Humor may proceed from some violent motion of a stroke or fall or from the Birth by an ill Conformation of the part If the Cristalline Humor be divided by some ill accident the Objects are represented double in some sort resembling a Looking-Glass broken into diverse parts which give many Reflections of the same Object according to the various pieces of Glass The vitreous Humor of the Eye may recede from its due transparency The grossness of the vitreous Humor as well as the Cristalline when it loseth its Purity as fouled by some gross Recrements Whereupon the visible species cannot be conveyed through it with cleareness to make due Appulses upon the Retina so that the Sight is more or less darkned as the vitreous Humor groweth more or less opace The undue situation of the vitreous Humor very much incommodes the Sight when it is not directly placed against the Pupil CHAP. XVI Of the Diseases of the Optick Nerves and the Retina and their Cures THe chief Diseases afflicting the Eye by reason of the Optick Nerves is called by the Latines Gutta Serena by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Gutta Serena when the Sight is abolished without any manifest disaffection infesting the Eye which is produced by many Causes The First cause of a Gutta Serena The First may be an Obstruction flowing from a gross Nervous Liquor not received into the Origen of the Nerves seated in the Cortex of the Brain whereupon the animal Spirits are intercepted in their passage into the Retina so that the Appulses of visible Objects cannot be discerned The Second Cause of a Gutta Serena may be derived from Compression The Second cause of it wherein stagnated Blood or gross chymous Humors or Pus in an Aposteme may compress the Extremities of the Nervous Fibres placed in the Cortex of the Brain whence the current of the Animal Liquor and Spirits are stopped in their progress through the Optick Nerves into the seat of Vision A Third Cause of the Gutta Serena may be fetched from the laceration of the carotide Arteries inserted into the Cortex The Third cause which is overcharged with Blood compressing the beginning of the Nerves seated in the ambient parts of the Brain A Fourth Cause may proceed from the Convulsive motions of the Origen of the nervous Fibrils hindring the influx of the animal Liquor and Spirits into the Retina the subject of Vision And the disaffection of the Nerves The optick Nerves may be a Fourth cause is not only the cause of a Gutta Serena but the animal Spirits too which ought to be Serene and not mixed with gross and dark Vapours which spoil the clearness of the animal Liquor and do destroy or at least lessen the Sight Another Cause of the Gutta Serena may be derived from the inordinate motion of the animal Spirits A Fifth cause of a Gutta Serena is an irregular motion of the Animal Spirits not being capable to be received into the Origens of the Nerves seated in the Cortex of the Brain whereby the Sight is either lessened or abolished as it is very conspicuous in vertiginous dispositions of the Brain Sometimes a Gutta Serena hath happened upon the taking of a violent Vomitory or Purge highly agitating the nervous Liquor and Blood affected with gross Chyme whereupon the Origens of the Nerves are sometimes compressed and other times obstructed hindring the progress of the animal Liquor and Spirits into the Nerves The Cure of this Disease is performed by Purging Medicines The cure of a Gutta Serena discharging the gross Humors setled about the beginning of the Nervous Fibrils afterward in Plethorick Bodies Bleeding may be prescribed which proveth often very effectual in the removal of a Gutta Serena Apozemes also made of the Flowers of Betony Rosemary Sage Lavender Lime Lilly of the Valley mixed with the Leaves of Eye-bright Salendine the great Mountain-Sage and after the Decoction is made Millepedes may be infused which do open the obstruction of the optick Nerves and clear up the animal Spirits and refine the gross nervous Liquor Also Friction of the outward parts may be beneficial to thin the Blood and make good its circulation to hinder its stagnancy in the Cortex about the Origens of the Nerves and to this end Cupping-Glasses may be applyed to the Back Shoulders and Neck Blistering Plaisters may be used between the Shoulders and to the hinder part and sides of the Neck to draw off the Humors from setling in the ambient parts of the Brain where the extremities of the nervous Fibrils are seated Cauticks applied to the hinder part of the Neck do often divert the offensive Matter of the Gutta Serena from the Head or in their place a Setaceum may be administred which is of great use in this Disease Diet-drinks made of Sarza-parilla Guaicum Sassafras mixed with specificks for the Eyes often prove very advantageous as they provoke Sweat and discharge ill Humors offensiveto the Nerves animal Spirits and Liquor Electuaries made of Conserve of Roses Flowers of Betony Lime Lilly of the Valley Condite Mirabolans Powder of Eyebright Salendine the great Vervain and that of Millepedes mixed and made up with Syrup of Lime-Flowers or Lillys of the Valley may be taken three times a day drinking after it a draught of a cephalick Apozeme To corroborate the Brain and Eyes after other Medicines have been premised Cephalick Powders may be sprinkled upon the Hair as also Fumes of the same nature may be received into the Nostrils and Caps made of Cophalicks and Spices may be very useful in a Gutta Serena The Retina or Retiform Tunicle
which taking their rise from within the Head and passing through the Meatus of the Skull do affect the innate Air which is acted sometimes with uniform othertimes with various and a Third way with continued or repeated Motions which beating upon the auditory Nerves derive their Birth from Vapours arising out of neighbouring parts It seemeth also evident that if the Ears be affected inwardly with Diseases that the Bombus internus Aurium is silenced by a vehement outward noise of the Membrane of the Tympanum which is effected as I conceive by the faint inward motion of the innate Air ceasing upon a new more vigorous motion super-induced which quieteth or at least confounds or obscures the other by over-powring it The innate undulating Air as new Radii are formed in it is conformed to the more lively configurations of the external Air First imprinted upon the outside of the Tunicle of the Tympanum and then the inside being contracted the same impressions are made upon the innate Air and afterward are transmitted to the Membrane covering the Coclea interspersed with many nervous Fibrils CHAP. XIX Of the Diseases of the Ear and its Cures THe Ear is a rare Compage made up of an outward Expansion endued with divers Flexures and a more inward passage and many little Bones Muscles Membranes Holes and Meanders beset with nervous Fibrils the immediate Organ of Hearing which is disordered with greater and less disaffections of the auditory Instruments productive of a lessened or abolished Function which is caused either originally by some defect of the Brain or by default of the Ear. A diminished The causes of a lessened or abolished Hearing or lost Hearing may proceed either from a cold and moist distemper of the Brain or by the Origen of the Nerves obstructed in the ambient parts of the Brain by some gross Humor lodged near the extremities of the Fibrils or by some extravasated Blood or Recrements compressing the beginning of the Nerves hindring the current of the animal Liquor and Spirits into the auditory Nerves which happeneth in an Apoplexy and other sleepy Diseases which are cured by bleeding Purging cephalick Julapes Powders Pills of which I intend to treat of more at large hereafter in the Therapeuticks belonging to the Diseases of the Brain The disaffections of Hearing are derived also from defect of the Ear The obstruction of the auditory passage either when the auditory passage is obstructed by Recrements or gross Humors or by any Tumor Abscess purulent Matter c. hindring the free reception of Sounds into the inward recesses of the Ear whereupon they cannot make brisk appulses upon the auditory Nerves whence proceedeth a dulness of Hearing This Disease is often cured by injections of Canary Sack The cure of the obstructed auditory passage and other cleansing Decoctions of a healing nature as also Fomentations may be applied to the Ear made of Centaury the less Marjoram Rue Bays and with the Flowers of Chamaemel Melilot Rosemary Lavender Mace and Cinamon boiled in equal parts of Water and White-wine added in the end of the Decoction out of which may be made a Suffitus received by a Tunnel into the entrance of the Ear which is conducive to the cure of the lessened or lost Hearing as the warm vapors of the Decoction do penetrate into the inward parts of the Ear and relieve the Tympanum and its Muscles and Nerves besetting the Coclea Instead of a Fomentation may be immitted into the auditory passage hot Bread prepared with Seeds of Caraway newly taken out of the Oven and moistned with new Balme made warm After a Fomentation Injection or Fume have heen admitted a little Cotton or Wooll may be put into the Ear mixed with Civet and some drops of the juyce of a rosted Onyon or Oil of bitter Almonds Rue or the like Sometimes the hearing is impaired by relaxation of the Tympanum The disaffection of Hearing caused by a relaxed Tympanum produced by a cold and moist distemper or when the Tympanum is not rendred Tense by reason the outward and the inward Muscle are so weakened that they cannot contract themselves and brace the Drum of the Ear to give a reception to the appulses of Sounds embodied with Air. Othertimes the Tympanum groweth thick The thickness of the Tympanum as incrassated with gross Recrements or by an unnaturl thick substance or by a double Membrane which hath been observed in some persons Little Insects are bred sometimes in the Cavity of the Ear which give a great trouble in their constant motion making a high discomposure and noise in the Ear These minute Animals are killed by the injection of bitter Medicines as juyce of Wormwood or Centaury the less into the Ear. The sense of Hearing is depraved by the noise of the Ear The Hearing is vitiated by noises within the Ear. and as the Eye the Organ of Sight ought to be destitute of all Colour that it may duely perceive variety of Colours as its proper Object Whereupon an Icterick Eye prepossessed with Yellow spoileth the Sight so unkindly Sounds lodged in the Ear The causes of a sound in the Ear. do hinder the perception of external Sounds and deprave the Sense of Hearing A Sound ariseth in the Ear by the violent motion of the innate Air which is gently moved when the Object is duely discerned by the influence of Sounds embodied with Air making soft appulses upon the Tympanum And the implanted Air is more vehemently moved by some unnatural cause which as I humbly conceive are Vapours and Wind which being endued with an Elastick disposition do strongly agitate the inward Air of the Ear and produce unnatural Sounds in the Ear disturbing the auditory Fibrils which may come from a vaporous mass of Blood transmitted by the corotide Artery to the instrument of Hearing which is very frequent in Hypocondriacal and Hysterick indispositions of Body This disaffection may also proceed from a purulent or sanious Matter and from pituitous Recrements out of which Vapours may arise giving a disturbance to the motion of the inward Air. Variety of unnatural Sounds are produced by the multitude or paucity by the thinness or grossness or by the Stone or violent motion of Vapours if they be crass and moved with a turbulent stream they seem to resemble the noise of rapid torrent of Water if the vapours be thin and be moved with quickness they make a hissing noise so that the greater or less proportion or more or less thinness or grossness and the violence or slowness of motion of Vapours are productive of variety of Sounds disaffecting the Organ of Hearing The cures of the noises proceeding from a hot and vaporous mass of Blood If this Disease be derived from a hot and spirituous indisposition of the Blood disaffecting the Ear it denoteth cooling and moistning Decoctions prepared with Barley Violets Lettice Water Lillies Seeds of Melons Pumpions White Poppy
the Vine or Tree holdeth an Analogy with this structure and there is a like implication of nervous Fibrils both in the Cortex and Brain it self to transmit the Alimentary Liquor to the Medulla Oblongata Medulla Spinalis and thence to the Nerves Learned Dr. Willis relateth this ingenious Opinion of Malpighius asserting the sanguineous Vessels overspreading themselves over the Pia Mater and the Veins climbing up from the opposite Coats of the Brain do acost each other and espousing themselves with mutual Inosculations do not immediately discharge the vital Liquor as in other parts of the Body but being variously complicated make diverse admirable Plexes to which are appended many small Glands The Glands are appendant to numerous Blood-vessels endued with various Plexes which may be seen in those Plexes which are styled Choroeidal seated both in the Ventricles of the Brain and behind the Cerebellum But Dr. Willis farther affirmeth in his Anatomy of the Brain in these words Verum ejusmodi vasorum plexus cum Glandulis intersectis per totum cerebri cerebelli ambitum interius recessus ac praecipue inter anfractuum interstitionum hiatus ubique sparsi conspiciuntur And this may be more plainly discovered in a moist Hydropick Brain where the minute Glands otherwise obscuring themselves being puffed up with serous Liquor are easily made obvious to our sight Moreover these Plexes being every way beset with small Vessels are propagated from them into the Cortical and Medullary Substance of the Brain and its appendage whence we may plainly perceive that these two great Authors do agree that the Cortex is furnished with an innumerable company of Glands but differ in the assignment of their use Dr. Willis assigneth them this Office The use of the Cortical Glands that when the Albuminous Liquor is separated from the Blood in the Cortex and passeth through the substance of the Brain the superfluous moisture is conveyed to the Glands and so transmitted into the Veins But Malpighius is of this opinion That the Animal Liquor elaborated in the Glands is conveyed through many nervous Fibres every Gland claiming its proper Fiber and thence dispensed through the several Processes of the Brain to the greater nervous Ducts seated in the Medulla oblongata and Spinalis CHAP. XXXVII Of the Animal Liquor HAving Treated of the Cortex as a Systeme of numerous Glands the refiners of the Blood I will now take the freedom to speak of the Animal Liquor and the product of it and the great end and perfection to which all the Coats various Processes and Nerves of the Brain are consigned and will give you 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a brief History of its production progress and what improvement it maketh by several local and Intestine motions in the Chyle and serous Liquor of the Blood in the Stomach Intestines Mesentery and how the nervous Juyce enobleth the Blood in the Spleen Liver Kidneys and the chambers of the Heart and in its passage through the Lungs and ascendent Trunk of the Aorta leading to the carotide Arteries which import Blood impregnated with nervous Liquor and diluted with Lympha into the Membranes and substance of the Brain The Animal Liquor the seat of most refined Spirits the ministers of Intellectual and Sensitive Operations oweth its Origen to the ambient parts of the Brain and is thence propagated by innumerable Fibrils through various Processes to the lower parts of it and is thence transmitted through numerous Nerves as so many Out-lets and Chanels leading to the middle and lower apartiments of the Body So that this Liquor distilling out of the Third Fourth and Seventh pair of Nerves maketh the nobler parts of the Juyce squeezed out of the Tonfillary and Maxillary Glands as well as those of the Palate and Tongue Whereupon the Salival Juyce being highly improved by nervous Liquor is mingled with Alimentary Juyce extracted out of Meat chewed in the Mouth where it is embodied with the fluid and elastick Particles of Air opening the body of the Aliment and rendring it fit for motion and as a Ferment giveth the first rudiment to the concoction of Meat in order to the preparation of the milky extract afterward elaborated in the Stomach assisted with an access of new Liquor flowing from many Nerves derived from the intercostal Branches and the Par vagum and divers mesenterick Plexes emitting fruitful juyce into diverse neighbouring parts and do at last terminate into the glandulous Coat of the Stomach out of which the Nervous Juyce is crushed by the gentle contractions of the carnous Fibres into the Crust investing the inward Coat all beset with minute Glands in which the nervous Liquor is percolated thence distilling into the Cavity of the Stomach and insinuates it self as impregnated with volatil saline Particles into the substance of the Aliment and openeth its Compage severing by a kind of precipitation or colliquation at least the Alimentary Liquor from its more gross Faeces so that the nervous Liquor enobled with Spirituous parts doth embody with the serous parts of the Blood distilling out of the extremities of the Arteries into the substance of the Glands and thence into the Cavity of the Stomach and make a fit Menstruum to dissolve the Compage and colliquate the Meat out of which the Chyle is extracted somewhat after the manner of a Tincture Ad Balnei Calorem by the ambient heat of the Stomach which is afterward more exalted by its farther progress through the Intestines by Liquor distilling out of the Nerves implanted into the Glands of the Guts and thence transmitted by many minute Ducts into their Cavities wherein the Chyle being meliorated and atenuated by the access of this nervous Juyce is carried by the first Lacteae into the Glands of the Mesentery where it encountreth a Juyce dropping out of the terminations of the Nerves and is farther matured and afterward imported by a Second kind of lacteal Vessels taking their rise in the Mesenterick Glands into the common receptacle in which the Lympha impregnated with some part of the nervous Liquor as being a Recrement of it doth both dilute and attenuate the Chyme and render it more fit to be transmitted through the thoracick Ducts into the subclavian Veins wherein it meeteth with more Lympha acted with some part of nervous Juyce conveyed by the Lymphaeducts of the upper Region and its adjacent parts into the Vessels seated under the Clavicles in which the Chyme doth first of all associate with the Blood and is adopted into the vital Family and is afterward carried down by the descendent Trunk of the Cava into the Right Cistern of the Heart wherein it groweth more refined by a mixture of Liquor squeezed by frequent Contractions of the Heart out of the terminations of the numerous Fibres derived from the recurrent intercostal Nerves and the branches of the Par vagum inserted into the inward Walls of the Right Chamber of the Heart out of which the
Blood being impelled through the pulmonary Artery into the substance of the Lungs where as I humbly conceive it receiveth the Tincture of a Liquor distilling out of the nervous Fibres implanted into the Bronchia Vesicles and Coats of the Arteries of the Lungs and afterward the Blood being meliotated with nervous Liquor is received into the extremities of the pulmonary Veins and transmitted into the Left Ventricle of the Heart wherein it is farther hightened by a Juyce coming out of the Fibres ending into the inward Coat of the Left Sinus from whence it is thrown first into the common and then into the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta whose outward Coat is encircled with many divarications of Nerves inserted into the inward Recesses of this great Artery so that the Blood passing through it and the carotide Arteries is embodied with a choice Liquor dropping out of the terminations of nervous Fibrils and afterward imported into the Cortex of the Brain as a Systeme of many small Glands in which is made a percolation of the vital Liquor by severing the more mild part from the Red Crassament This gentle Liquor is exalted by the volatil Salt of the Brain and is mixed with nitrous elastick Particles of Air First imparted to the Blood in the Lungs and afterward conveyed with it through the Heart and the ascendent Trunk and carotide Arteries into the Cortex into which also the Air received by the Nostrils is carried through the Os spongiosum into the Ventricles of the Brain and through the porous parts of various Processes into the ambient parts of the Brain where the Air embodieth with the serous parts of the Blood secerned from the Purple Liquor in the substance of the Cortical Glands and highly improveth it with its active nitrous elastick Particles very much enobled with aethereal minute Bodies derived from the Caelestial Influxes of the Sun and other Planets so that this exalted spirituous Liquor is first generated in the Cortex of the Brain from whence it is transmitted into the Origens of numerous Fibrils taking their rise in the Cortical Glands and afterward propagated by many minute Fibres through the various Processes of the Brain to the Trunks of the Nerves First appearing about the Medulla oblongata and then the Animal Liquor is carried between the Filaments of greater and less branches of Nerves into all parts of the Body to give them Sense Motion and Nourishment of which I intend now to give a brief account The Parenâ—hyma of the Viscera and Muscular Parts chiefly made up of greater and smaller Vessels consisting of Trunks and many Branches Ramulets and Capillaries of Blood-vessels and Plexes and Fibres of Nerves Lymphaeducts and also Membranes which are fine Contextures composed for the most part of numerous Fibrils curiously interwoven interspersed with many Branches of various Sanguiducts The Blood is impelled out of the terminations of the Arteries The manner how Nutrition is performed into the spaces running between the Vessels wherein its more mild and cristalline part embodies with a fine Liquor distilling out of the extremities of the Nerves so that the greatest part of the Blood being mixed with the nervous Juyce in the Interstices of the Vessels insinuates it self through the minute Pores of the Coats relating to the Vessels and Fibres of Membranes so that the Atomes of the Succus nutricius agreeing in shape and size with the Pores of the Coats of the Vessels and other Membranes is carried into their most inward Recesses where it groweth more solid and by a kind of accretion uniteth it self to the body of the Vessels and Membranes and becometh one entire substance with them which is called Assimilation chiefly acted by nervous Liquor inspiring the serous parts of the Blood with Animal Spirits giving a power to the Succus nutricius fitly to accresce and configure it self to the unequal inward surfaces of the lank solid parts by replenishing their spaces rendred empty by the heat of the Blood opening the Pores of the Body and breathing out constant Effluvia CHAP. XXXVIII Of the Animal Spirits HAving Treated of the Animal Liquor I deem it methodical to give you an account of the Animal Spirits the more refined Particles of the nervous Juyce generated in the Cortex And indeed nothing I think conduceth more to the knowledge of the admirable Fabrick and use of the Cortex and all other Processes of the Brain then in some sort to be master of the subtle notion of the Animal Spirits These great Ministers of State by which the Souls Glorious Empress of this Microcosme giveth her Commands to the rational Function as the more noble and to the Sensitive as her meaner Subjects That we may more methodically proceed in the curious scrutiny of the intricate Nature of the Animal Spirits The parts of this Discourse relating to the Animal Spirits I make bold to propound these Five Remarkables to you The place of the Brain wherein they are conceived The Matter of which they are generated The manner how they are propagated The Subject in which they reside and act and the uses of them As to the place in which they have their first Conception The seat of the Animal Spirits there is a great controversy among the Masters of our Art some placing it in the Plexus Choroeides others in the Ventricles a Third in the Glandula Pinealis A Fourth in the external Arteries And a Fifth in the substance of the Brain Galenus sanguinem e corde prolatum The seat of the production of Animal Spirits is the Rete Mirabile according to Galen in reti mirabili fieri animalem asserit e quo effundatur in Ventriculos This minute Plexe of the Rete mirabile cannot furnish Blood enough it being composed of small Carotides to supply the Brain with so large a proportion of Animal Spirits as are requisite to irradiate the great Orb of the Brain and the numerous Nerves springing out of it Other eminent Physitians place it in the Plexus Choroeides Others place it in the Plexus Choroiedes conceiving the Animal Spirits to be elaborated in it which if true doth suppose a separation of the serous parts of the Blood producing the Animal Spirits from the Red Crassament but the contrary is very evident to Sense and Incision being made into the Plexus Choroeides Blood immediately gusheth out tinged with a perfect Red no way inclining to an Albuminous Colour the true hue of the nervous Liquor plainly discernible in the substance of the Brain of Fishes and Birds whose Brains upon Incision are bedewed freely with Animal Juyces distilling out of the wounded Fibrils of the Brain Regius Others place their Generation in the Ventricles of the Brain Mercatus Laurentius Riolanus and many Arabian Physitians place the generation of the Animal Spirits in the Ventricles those meaner chambers of the Brain Laurentius speaking of the Animal Spirits Fit itaque in plexibus tantum praeparatio in ventriculis
autem coctio elaboratioque alioqui frustra esse ut conditi sinus quatuor quos partes esse cerebri nobilissimas omnes admittant quum ex eorum compressione vulnere praecipitem mortem quotidie observamus If these Animal Spirits consisting of volatil parts should be formed in these Sinus of the Brain they would be so unconfined in these larger rooms where embodying with Air they would soon exhale through the Os Spongiosum and the freer Cavities of the Nostrils Learned Diemerbroeck giveth this account of a Student in Law dead of a wound made in the Right Ventricle Saith he Aperto prius Cranio gladium ingressum fuisse orbitam unius oculi in oculo nempe majori ipsi oculo tamen illaeso per superiorem dextrum Ventriculum penetrasse hic tamen juvenis nullis actionibus animalibus privatus fuit quod certum indicium erat Spiritus e Ventriculo per latum vulnus effluxisse mente sanus bene videns audiens gustans omnesque partes bene movens ac cum sociis convenienter bono cum judicio quacunque de re disserens vixit per decem dies atque tum supervenienti febre vehementiore bidui spacio extinctus est Ingenious Descartes his Opinion is near akin to this saying in his First Book De Homine circa finem Spiritus Animales per arteriolarum plexus Choroeidis angustias e sanguine arterioso separari in glandula pineali atque ex ea infundi in Ventriculos nec alio modo differre a spiritibus vitalibus The Animal Spirits are not generated in the Glandula Pinealis quam sint tenuissimae partes aliis separatae alio duntaxat nomine donatae If it were granted which is very improbable That the Animal Spirits creeping through the small channels of the Plexus Choroeides should be separated in the Glandula Pinealis yet the acute Author would meet with a greater difficulty how this very minute Gland furnished only with a small Carotide branch could propagate such a large store of Animal Spirits to accommodate the large territory of the Brain and the greater outlets of the Nerves derived from it with which the Glandula Pinealis holdeth little or no correspondence having only two small Nerves peculiar to this Gland which do no where perforate the Skull as subservient to any other part And last of all The Animal Spirits do not differ from the Vital according to Descartes the Authors words do assert the Animal Spirits not to differ from the vital being only thin Particles separated from them and only called by another name which Opinion I humbly conceive doth labour under great difficulties because the Animal Spirits are of a different ingeny and disposition from the vital these being of a more hot and sulphureous Nature and the other consist of a more delicate gentle heat and mild temper founded in an Albuminous Matter composed of temperate qualities and soft saline Particles seated in the more refined parts of the Animal Liquor which is as much distinguishable from Blood as the Red Crassament is from the serous Juyce which is separated from the vital Liquor not in the Glandula Pinealis but in the Cortex of the Brain And the Animal Spirits are not to be considered in an abstracted notion as denuded from a Subject but to be taken concretely as they involve a matter with which they coexist The Animal Spirits are the most refined Particles of the nervous Liquor because the Animal Spirits are nothing but the most spirituous and active parts of the nervous Liquor to which they are most intimately united giving it vigor and perfection After the same manner as the Spirit giveth life and briskness to Wine without which it groweth faint and pawl losing its gust and usefulness and name being called no more truly Vinum but Vappa and as Blood being long extravasated is bereaved of its nimble spirituous Particles and degenerates into an earthy substance at once losing its nature and name and cannot be well called Sanguis but Cruor in like manner the Compage of the nervous Liquor being loosened and the bond of mixtion untied the tone of the Animal Liquor is wholly lost when its noble and generous vigorous parts the Animal Spirits quit their subject so that the nervous Juice is turned into a Recrement at the approaches of death at once giving a period to Sense and Motion the sad effects of a Spiritless Animal Liquor when it is not improved with store of milder volatil salt superabundant in the ambient parts of the Brain Again these serene lucid Particles cannot formally reside in the dense opaque parts of the Blood but in the more Transparent Cristalline body of the nervous Liquor highly exalted with most clear Particles of the Animal Spirits do illustrate the Two Hemisphaeres of the Brain and the Nerves streaming out of them with their brighter Rays Last of all Sylvius his Opinion that the Animal Spirits are generated in the Cortical Vessels of the Brain Sylvius in his Fourth Disputation and the 25th Thesis affirmeth the Animal Spirits to be elaborated in the vessels branched through the ambient parts of the Brain according to his own subsequent words Suspicamur sanguinem a corde per Arterias Carotides cervicales sursum appellentem partim transire in ipsam cerebri cerebellique substantiam Medullarem ad eorundem vivificationem nutritionem partim secundum ipsorum superficiem deduci per ramos ipsarum Capillares ad Spirituum Animalium elaborationem which he farther explaineth in the 29th Thesis Suspicamur praeterea per Capillarium Arteriolarum poros penetrare sanguinis partem spirituosam in Cerebri cerebellique corticem cinerum hinc in mediam substantiam albicantem atque in hoc transitu liberari parte sui aquea penitissime ipsi adhaerente non absimili modo illi quo per spongiam Oleo imbutam cerebri Medullae sub pingui hactenus Consimilem secernitur separatur uti loqui solent Chymici rectificatur a suo phlegmate Spiritus vini purissimus Spiritui Animali natura sua proxime accedens And here I cannot but admire Sylvius his excellent simile wherein he endeavoureth to illustrate the rare work of Nature in the production of Animal Spirits by the ingenious Art of Chymistry in drawing off the Spirit of Wine but in this the witty Author seemeth to fail in asserting the elaboration of the Animal Spirits to be performed when the most spirituous part of the Blood insinuateth it self through the Pores of the capillary Arteries into the Cortex and thence into the Medulla of the Brain where he saith it is separated from its watry parts by the unctuous substance of the Brain and after the manner of the spirituous Particles of Wine drawn off from its Phlegme in distillation by a Spunge besprinkled with Oil and may saith he nearly approach the nature of Animal Spirits which are not as I conceive with this Learned Authors leave the most
spirituous sulphureous parts of the Blood The Animal Spirits are the more mild parts of the nervous Liquor transmitted out of the capillary Arteries into the substance of the Cortex but the more mild and delicate Particles of the serous Liquor drawn off from the more fierce sulphureous Red fibrous parts of the Blood which are returned in circulation by the Jugulars and the more gentle spirituous parts are left behind being separated in the Interstices of the vessels of the cortical Glands and thence transmitted into the extremities of the tender Fibrils implanted into the Cortex The manner how the Animal Spirits are generated And this Discourse fairly bringeth me from the place wherein the Animal Spirits take their first rise to the manner how they are propagated by secretion and to the Matoria substrata out of which they are generated which is not the Purple Liquor as it is highly concocted by great heat and repeated circulations whence it groweth exalted with quantities of hot oily qualities or on the other side for want of regular motion and due heat is depressed with Crudities growing gross with Recrements or rendred acrimonious with fixed saline Parts or depauperated by serous Faeculencies Wherefore the vital Liquor impelled out of the greater Cisterns of the Heart into the lesser Chanels of the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta and thereby the more minute Rivulets of the carotide Arteries are not only implanted into the Coats investing the Brain but also into the substance of the cortical Glands as so many Compages made up of many distinct vessels of Arteries Veins and minute nervous Fibrils interspersed with very many small spaces interceding the Vessels into which the Blood being transmitted the more gentle Cristalline parts of the Succus nutricius impregnated with mild volatil saline Atomes are secerned from the more fiery sulphureous and fixed Salt of the Red Crassament in the cortical Glands which are so many Colatories of the Animal Liquor so that the more refined parts of this choice Succus are separated from the grosser and more adust parts of the Blood which is performed in the ambient parts of the Brain where this soft nervous Liquor meeteth with Air first transmitted through the Os Ethmoeides into the Ventricles and thence through the Pores of the Medulla into the secret passages of the Cortical Glands in which the pure and subtle Particles of Air do incorporate with the depurated Succus Nutricius and highly attenuate it rendring it more fluid and volatil till at last the Succus Nutricius is more and more inspired with new spirituous aethereal Particles of Air exalted with solar and other planetary influences and is more and more impregnated with mild volatil Salt imparted from the Cortical Glands so that the more subtle active Particles of this refined Succus are called the Animal Spirits But some may enquire in what Subject these Animal Spirits are lodged The subject of Animal Spirits is the nervous Liquor To which it may be replied in the Nervous Liquor which I conceive is not a subject of Inhaefion because the Animal Spirits do not exist in the nervous Liquor Tanquam accidens in subjecto sed tanquam substantiale in substantiali tanquam anima in corpore the Animal Spirits being the Form and the Nervous Liquor the Matter which receiveth its vigor and activity from them The Animal Spirits do not subsist of themselves Learned Diemerbroeck denieth the very existence of the Nervous Liquor and maketh the Animal Spirits to subsist of themselves separate from it And according to this notion of the Animal Spirits abstractly taken from any subject he giveth this definition of them Sunt autem Spiritus Animales halitus invisibiles tenuissimi ac volatiles potissimum ex salsis sanguinis particulis paucissimisque sulphureis maxime volatilibus in cerebro confecti Whereupon according to this Learned Author the Animal Spirits being most thin invisible and volatil steams and having no subject to confine their high volatility their spirituous subtle airy Particles will easily insinuate themselves through the Interstices of the Vessels seated in the Cortical Glands and thence pass through the Os Ethmoeides into the Nostrils wherefore to solve this and many other Phaenomena which may arise and peplex this improbable Opinion I humbly conceive with the Authors pardon that it is more reasonable to apprehend the Animal Spirits to be seated in the nervous Liquor as their proper subject in which they are confined when they move from part to part within the Interstices of the Filaments constituting the Nerves CHAP. XXXIX Of the Corpus Callosum HAving discoursed the Cortex of the Brain and the Animal Liquor and Spirits generated in it the next in order to be treated of is the Corpus Callosum The Corpus Callosum may be divided from the Cortex the more white and compact part which according to Bauhinus may be easily divided from the Cortex in a Brain newly dissected after death In the upper Surface of the Brain under the Sagittal Suture is formed a great Fissure in which is lodged the great Process of the Dura Mater made of its Duplicature and like a middle Wall it rendreth an equal partition of the right from the left side of the Brain The two Hemisphaeres of the Brain are united in the Corpus Callosum dividing it into two Hemisphaeres which unite themselves in the Corpus Callosum and giveth a reception to every distinct Particle of the several Anfractus of the Brain serving as it were for a Covering and Seeling for the Fornix the Medulla oblongata and its various Processes This large Medullary Process is thick and deep in the fore part of the Brain The Connexion of the Corpus Callosum The rise of this Process where it is affixed with two small Processes to the two Apices of the Medulla oblongata called the Lentiform Processes from which it is conceived to take its first rise and extending it self toward the hinder part of the Brain groweth thinner and thinner at last closing with the Caudex of the Medulla oblongata by the interposition of thin Membranes and Vessels The Figure of the Corpus Callosum The Figure of the Corpus callosum according to Learned Vesalius is long and narrow and hath in the upper part a very smooth Convex Surface somewhat resembling the prominence of the top or sides of the Brain but the lower Surface cannot be discovered except the left and right Ventricles be opened and then the lower Surface hath a flexure all the length of the Corpus Callosum and is not one and simple as the upper was because to the length two Surfaces are drawn hollowed like the fourth part of a Circle and in the middle of these two Surfaces appeareth a Tuberculum extended in the manner of a straight line having a Convex Surface downward by reason of its Prominence and more and more contracting it self into a less compass is called
Tripes standing upon the substance of the Brain with three Legs two of them bending downward toward the Base of the Brain and the Third being united to the Septum lucidum interposeth between the lower region of the anterior Ventricles and extendeth it self forward toward the Nostrils so that some and not without some shew of Reason have derived the Origen of the Fornix from them This admirable Process from its different Surfaces and arched Figure was called Fornix by the Antients whose gibbous region above is overspread with numerous Fibres which running overthwart in various Flexures do make the Arch of the Fornix CHAP. XLIII Of the Corpora Striata THe Corpora Striata upon the Dissection of the Brain The Corpord Striata are the Origens of the Medulla oblongata seem to be lodged within the Ventricles but upon a true inspection are found to be seated without them and I humbly conceive that they are the Origens of the Medulla oblongaâ—a whose Heads so incline one towards another The Connexion the Corpora Striata that they are almost conjoyned And from the Angles by which they approach each other the Fornix is derived with a double Origen The Figure of the Corpora Striata And the Corpora Striata seem to be united by a transverse Medullary Process but their Terminations or lesser parts of these Lentiform Processes are more acute being turned backward and do after a manner form two sides of a Triangle to whose anterior Surface the Corpus Callosum is conjoyned for a good space When the Brain is Dissected and so brought to a Plain that the Lentiform Processes being the tops of the Medulla oblongata are laid bare The Corpora Striata are endued with variety of streaks if you cut them in the middle where they are fastned to the Corpus Callosum you may plainly discover great variety of Streaks making their progress several ways upward and downward forward and backward in parallel lines Dr. Willis giveth a good description of the Corpora Striata in these words Ne quis dubitet quin istae striae velut ductus sive canales factae à natura fuerint pro Spirituum Animalium è corpore Calloso in Medullam oblongatam The use of the Corpora Stridta contra itu redituque These Streaks of the Corpora Striata are formed by Nature as so many Chanels for the free egress and regress of the Animal Spirits out of the Corpus callosum into the Medulla oblongata The Structure of the Corpora Striata And I conceive the Corpora Striata to be a texture of Vessels and their Streaks to be so many Filaments out of which it may seem probable that the first rudiments and productions of the Olfactory and Ocular Nerves are formed and afterward propagated to the Medulla oblongata seated near the Corpora Striata The Corpora Striata are the Origen of the Medulld Spâ—nalis And it is farther conceived by Learned Dr. Walter Needham that the Corpora Striata are the first Origens of the Medulla spinalis a system of numerous nervous Filaments the rudiments of the Vertebral and other Nerves which receive their first rise and original from the Medulla spinalis The Corpora Striata though they are outwardly invested with a white Membrane as with a fine Vail yet they are rendred more beauteous within with a variegated substance composed of White streaked with Black which give a mutual foil as so many contrary Colours sporting themselves as different Rays illustrating each other The Black is made up of a number of Filaments and the White of a pulpy substance interlining the vacuities of these oblong Fibres which take their progress all along the length of the Corpora Striata The Progress of the Animal Spirits according to Dr. Willis And according to Learned Dr. Willis do run up and down to and from the Medulla oblongata as so many Chanels wherein the Animal Spirits are transmitted from the Corpus callosum to the Corpora Striata and Medulla oblongata and as the Renowned Author will have it from it to the Corpus callosum This Hypothesis is grounded upon a conceived circulation of the Succus Nutricius in the Brain but I most humbly conceive with deference to the Excellent Author that the Filaments do wholly descend from the Corpus callosum to the Corpora Striata Medulla oblongata and Spinalis So that according to the Structure and Position of the Fibres The outmost Spirits have no retrograde motion in the Brain The Nervous Liquor in which the Animal Spirits reside streameth from the Cortex through the various Medullary Processes to the Base of the Brain and from thence hath no retrograde motion by reason as I conceive the great design of Nature is to supply the Nerves springing from the Medulla oblongata and Spinalis with Animal Spirits and Liquor So that all the numerous Nerves do receive their fruitful streams of Succus Nutricius from the Brain Cerebellum and Medulla spinalis as so many Fountains transmitting several Rivulets into the whole Body giving Sense Motion and Nourishment in some degree to all parts which do expend so large a proportion of Nervous Juice that no superfluity is left in the Base of the Brain and its adjacent parts to supply a Retrograde motion which if granted would hinder the descending current of the Animal Liquor and Spirits toward the lower Region of the Brain And the contrary descending and ascending streams of the Succus Nervosus and its Spirits would much impede if not wholly obstruct each others opposite motions And farthermore it is not needful that any return of the Nervous Liquor impregnated with Animal Spirits should be made from the Base of the Brain to the more inward Recesses and Cortex when there is a production of Animal Liquor continually made out of the albuminous part of the Blood in the ambient parts of the Brain and thence propagated downward to the several Medullary Processes to invigorate and nourish them as they pass to the lower Region of the Brain Medulla spinalis and Cerebellum to act the fruitful Nerves springing from them with Spirits and Vigor CHAP. XLIV Of the Medulla Oblongata and its appendant Processes HAving treated of the Cortex Corpus callosum Fornix the Ventricles Plexus Choroides and Corpora Striata it follows in course that I should speak somewhat of the Medulla seated in the Base of the Brain and its appendant Processes To this eminent Process the Corpus callosum is conjoyned by the interposition of the Corpora Striata The Connexion of the Medulla oblongata and to its Caudex †T. 48. immediately And also to it are appendant many smaller Processes the Thalami Nervorum Opticorum the Natiform to the Processes and their Protuberancies called Testes and the Pons Varolii or Processus annularis which encircles the Medulla oblongata And to the hinder part of it is appended the Cerebellum and to its Anterior Region the
Fibrils as so many Sets placed in excellent order one by another ending toward the Cerebellum in which they are more eminent then in the Brain and present us with a pleasant prospect representing a fine Landscip consisting of many Divarications resembling a Tree The Divarications of Vessels resemble a Tree having several Ramifications and Expansions of Frondage and Foliage one sprouting out of another the smaller out of the greater Fibres which shoot out of Stalks Stalks of Twiggs Twiggs out of Boughs Boughs out of Arms and Arms out of Trunks The Trunks and bodies of Nerves belonging to the Cerebellum The Nerves of the Cerebellum are planted in the Processus Annularis and Medulla Spinalis these Trunks being composed of numerous Fibrils divaricated through the substance of the Cerebellum and do derive themselves from the Cortex as so many Roots out of which the innumerable Branches of nervous Filaments do spring Some Physicians are of an opinion Some imagine the Processes are distended and contracted upon the elevation and depression of the Cerebellum but upon what account I cannot conjecture that those Processes are distended and contracted upon the elevation and depression of the Cerebellum which hath no Ventricles no Plexus Choroeides but hath something resembling that Plex made up of many vertebral Arteries and jugular Veins beset with diverse Glands somewhat larger then those of the Plexus Choroeides so that these Vessels accompanied with numerous Glands are rendred conspicuous when the Pia Mater is stripped from the Cerebellum and then on either side of the Processus Vermiformis may be discerned Branches creeping upward and springing from the vertebral Artery lodged under the lower Region of the Medulla oblongata and the jugular Veins transmitted from each lateral Sinus The use of these Arteries and Veins seated in the whole Compage The use of the Arteries and Veins of the Cerebellum but principally in the hinder part of the Cerebellum I conjecture to be this That the more serous Blood might be protruded through the Extremities of the Capillary Arteries into the substance of the Glands that the more watry Recrements might be received into the Veins and pass toward the Heart in circulation But if there be so great a quantity of serous Liquor severed in the substance of the Glands that it cannot be reconveyed into the small Extremities of the Jugulars it exudeth and as I conceive distilleth into the Fourth Ventricle lying under the Processes of the Cerebellum and Candex of the Medulla oblongata and is from thence conveyed through the Infundibulum into the jugular Veins confining on the Glandula pituitaria The Cerebellum though it be a distinct Body within it self The Cerebellum is like the Brain in many Respects and separate from the Brain enwrapped within the Coats of the Dura and Pia mater proper to it yet it holdeth an alliance in similitude of Colour Substance Disposition and Correspondence in its converse both with the Brain and Medulla Spinalis The Connexion of the Cerebellum to whose lower region it is fastned by the interposition of the Pia Mater and entertaineth an entercourse with the Medulla oblongata by the mediation of Two Processes called by Dr. Willis Pedunculi each of which saith he is formed of Three Processes The Pedunâ—â—lus Cerebelli is made up of Three Processes In utroque Pedunculo cerebrum sustentante tres distincti Medullares Processus reperiuntur horum Primus e protuberantiis orbicularibus emissus oblique ascendit Secundus recte e cerebello descendens per priorem decussatim transiens Medullam oblongatam circundat Tertius Processus e postica cerebelli regione descendens Medullae oblongatae inseritur ejusque truncum velut Chorda ascititia exauget And the Pons Varolii like a Bridge The Pons Varolii passeth transversly over the Base of the Medulla oblongata closely twining about it like a wreath and encircling it like a ring is therefore styled the annular Process and as I conceive is framed after this manner as soon as the middle Process of the Cerebellum creeping down in a straight course landeth at the sides of the Medulla oblongata doth not seem to embody immediately with it but enlarging it self into greater Dimensions courteth the Surface of the Medulla with the embraces of many circular Fibres whereupon the Processes of the Cerebellum issuing from either side and brought down from the top of the Medulla oblongata toward its Base do meet and embody themselves constituting that circular Prominence commonly called the Processus Annularis Thus having given a rough draught of the several Anfractus Lamellae or Circles Processes Plexes of Arteries and Veins attended with many minute Glands as also the numerous ranks of nervous Fibres branched in excellent order through the Cortical and Medullary Compage of the Cerebellum I conceive it not amiss to finish this rougher draugth in giving you Natures design in framing this great variety by speaking the several uses of it The use of the various parts of the Cerebellum the chiefest being that of the Cerebellum common to it and the Brain consisting in the procreation of the Animal Spirits made of the more active and spirituous parts of the Animal Liquor the vital Liquor being impelled out of the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta into the vertebral Arteries is conveyed out of their terminations into the substance of the Glands besetting the ambient parts of the Cerebellum where the delicate part of the Blood is percolated from its more gross and fiery Particles which are separated and returned by the Jugular Veins toward the Heart while the more mild nutricious parts impregnated with volatil Saline and spirituous Particles commonly named the Animal Spirits are transmitted into the roots of the Fibres implanted into the Cortex and thence propagated by the same continued Fibres into the Medulla of the Cerebellum by whose Processes it is conveyed into the Nerves derived from the Processus annularis and also by other Fibres communicated from the Cerebellum to the Nerves of the Medulla Spinalis which is lodged within the Skull Learned Dr. Willis assigneth a peculiar Office The Nerves of the Cerebellum assigned by Dr. Willis to be instruments of involuntary Motion distinct from that of the Brain to the Cerebellum to preside and influence with Animal Spirits the Nerves consigned to all involuntary Motions and natural Actions which he discourseth in the Fifteenth Chapter of his Book De Cerebri Anatome Quod nempe Cerebellum sit Spirituum Animalium in quadam opera designatorum peculiaris scaturigo penus abipso cerebro distinctus Et Cerebelli officium esse videtur Spiritus Animales novos suppeditare quibus actiones involuntariae cujusmodi sunt Cordis pulsatio respiratio ratio 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 alimenti concoctio Chyli protrusio multae aliae quae nobis insciis aut invitis constanti ritu fiunt peraguntur These
of their due tenseness thereby producing unnatural Sleep And I humbly conceive that these torpid disaffections have their birth not only from corrupt Elementary dispositions Torpid Diseases coming from Mineral Particles but from a kind of mineral Nitro-sulphureous Particles first infecting the Blood and afterward the Nervous Juice taking away its Volatil parts of the Animal Liquor rendring them fixed and unfit for motion whereupon the Nervous Cortical Fibrils grow flaccid whence floweth a stupid and unkindly Sleep As to the Apoplexy the most fatal of all soporiferous Diseases as accompanied with most dreadful symptoms of snorting and great difficulty of Breathing and sometimes Convulsive motions proceeding from sharp acid humors vellicating the Nerves And the continent cause of this terrible stroke incident to this Distemper The continent cause of stupefying diseases may be fetched from a Serous Liquor concreted in the Cortex of the Brain whence the production of Nervous Liquor is hindred in the Cortex or at least the motion of the Animal Spirits intercepted into the extremities of the Fibrils Madam Mayser a Person of Quality being recommended to my care The Instance of an Apoplectick Fit frequently vomited in her Sickness a quantity of acid Matter and aeruginous Choler with which her stools were often tinged making them of a dark greenish colour and for a Fortnight or more she was tortured with many severe Convulsive motions with which she was so much weakned that she was constrained to lift up the Glass with both hands when she drank and for many days before she died was not able to cut her Meat her hands were so afflicted with trembling motions the Fore-runners of a sad Apoplectick Fit which happened upon a most discontented Person recounting some unpleasant events and was attended with great belching and a loud Shreech and the Convulsive motions of her Lips Face and Eyes ending in a fall from her Chair where she sate and afterward being thrown upon a Bed was violently hurried with great Convulsions of the Muscles of her Limbs and Trunk of her Body determining in a difficulty of breathing and great Stertor in which she expired in a Fit of Twenty four hours Her Skull being taken off and the Brain stripped of the Dura Mater a great company of Vesicles full of Serous Liquor discovered themselves and the Cortex of the Brain being wounded a large quantity of gross coagulated Serum was squeezed out with which the Cortex did every where superabound but the Medullary parts the Corpus Callosum Fornix Medulla oblongata Corpora striata Nates Testes and the Cerebellum were free from this concreted Serum or from any luxuriant Blood or purulent Matter whereupon I humbly conceive the conjunct cause of this Apoplectick Fit to proceed from this gross Serum stagnant between the Striae of the Cortex which were so compressed that the Nervous Liquor prepared in the Cortex could not be received into its minute Fibrils the first origen as I conceive of the Nerves of the Brain whence the course of the Animal Spirits being stopped a privation of all the Animal functions ensued the horrid Concomitants of the tragick Apoplectick Fit This is a Disease The seat of an Apoplexy as acute as dangerous seated often in the Corpus Callosum and Medulla of the Brain where the more noble Operations are exerted and is produced by eclipsing the bright influx of the Animal Spirits hindring their motion into the Fibres and Nerves springing out of the Brain and Medulla Spinalis which is caused either by obstruction or compression as Learned Webfer will have it arising from the stopped current of Blood as it is impelled by the Carotide Arteries into the substance of the Brain which is rather a consequent then a cause of an Apoplex when it proveth fatal near the approach of death The course of the Animal Spirits is intercepted near death Whereupon the course of the Animal Spirits is intercepted that they cannot pass into the inward Recesses of the Brain and flow into the branches of the Par Vagum and Intercostal Nerves implanted into the Heart Diaphragm and Intercostal Muscles when the Heart and Lungs quitting their motions The Blood groweth stagnant near death the Blood groweth stagnant and is not impelled through the Aorta and Carotide Arteries into the ambient and more inward parts of the Brain which rarely happen as a cause preceding an Apoplex because the motion of the Blood into the Brain cannot easily be so universally suppressed as to produce an Apoplex which to prevent the Carotide and Vertebral Arteries The current of Blood is made good by Inosculation of Blood-vessels have so many communications with each other by frequent Inosculations that if any of those numerous Arterial Branches be left free they will supply the defect of the rest and the Blood may be conveyed by various Anastomoses from one Arterial Branch to another into the outward and inward Coasts of the Brain But I conceive with permission to this great Author An Apoplexy is produced by an Inundation of Extravasated Blood in the substance of the Brain that an Apoplex is more commonly generated by a great source of extravasated Blood making an inundation in the substance of the Brain into which so great a quantity of gross Blood is impelled that the minute Orifices of the Capillary Jugulars are not able to receive and return it in the circulation but is lodged in the empty spaces running between the Fibres which being enlarged beyond their due dimensions do crush the Filaments and check the motion of the Animal Liquor into the substance of the Brain and Nerves Another cause of an Apoplexy as I conceive may proceed from an Ulcer of the Membranes of the Brain Another cause of an Apoplexy in whose substance so great a quantity of Blood being setled that it cannot be discharged by the Jugulars whence the Purple Liquor being destitute of motion it soon loseth its tone and the bond of mixtion being loosened and the Nutricious part being separated and corrupted degenerateth into a Pus which first corrodeth the Membranes and afterward the Medullary parts and secret passages of the Brain and doth at once obscure both the brightness of the Animal Spirits and intercept their passage into the Nerves determining at last in a sad Apoplectick Paroxism And further An Apoplexy derived from Blood extravasated in the Interstices of the Vessels lodged in the substance of the Brain I conceive that the cause of an Apoplexy doth not only arise from an abscess of the Membranes and Medulla of the Brain and from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not caused by a large effusion of Blood issuing out of the extremities of the capillary Arteries and stagnant in the empty spaces interceding the Vessels but from too great proportions of Blood thrown out of the greater into the smaller Branches so highly distending them till they are lacerated and their impetuous torrents make great Cavities
afterward transmitted by the lateral Sinus down to the Base of the Brain where I discerned a great inundation of Blood so incrassated by the Opium that the extremities of the Jugulars were not receptive of it So that upon the whole it is most evident that this poor Love-sick Gentlewoman was her own executioner in the immoderate Dose of Opium Opium rendred the Blood stagnated in the substance of the Cortex which caused a quantity of Blood to stagnate in the Cortex in which it compressed the roots of the Fibrils denying the access of nervous Liquor into them and so fixed the Animal Spirits that they were rendred useless as being uncapable to invigorate the fibrous parts of the Brain and Body An Apoplexy also may proceed not from concreted serous Liquor only An Apoplexy may proceed from coagulated Blood upon a Blast by Thunder but from Blood too coagulated in blasted persons upon Thunder or the like in the Cortex and Medullary part of the Brain which hindreth the generation of nervous Liquor in the Cortex and distribution of it through the Fibrils of the Brain This Disease also may be derived from the prohibited circulation of Blood An Apoplexy may also be derived from the motion of Blood intercepted in the Ventricles of the Heart in a Syncope This disaffection may proceed from the Convulsive motions of the Cardiack Nerves And a Narcosis of the Animal Spirits may come from malignant steams of the Air. caused by a suppressed motion of the Heart in a Syncope or Hysterick passion whereupon the Blood cannot be impelled out of the Heart into the common and ascendent Trunk of the Aorta and carotide Arteries into the Cortex of the Brain in order to the production of Animal Liquor and Spirits This disaffection of the Heart and Brain as being destitute of a due proportion of Blood is often produced by the convulsive motions of the Cardiack Nerves and a suddain Narcosis of the Animal Spirits not only disaffected in the Processes of the Brain but Cerebellum too which take their rise from some malignant steams flowing from the ill influxes of the Stars poisoning the Air which is received by the Nostrils and conveyd by secret Pores into the Medullary Processes and cineritious part of the Brain wherein the Animal Liquor and Spirits are often vitiated and dispirited and the functions of the Brain wholly abolished as in an Apoplexy If it be inquired what is the nature of the matter of this Disease it may be replied it is of an abstruse disposition hard to be understood and is not The nature of Sleepy Diseases consist in Spirituous Saline Matter as in Convulsive diseases of a nitrous sulphureous temper but of a Spirituous-saline in which the Animal Spirits are fixed as losing their agile spirituous elastick Particles whence are propagated the Sleepy diseases of an Apoplexy Coma Carus c. The differences of an Apoplexy in short may be these The one is habitual which proceedeth from a gross Cachochymical Blood caused by an ill concoction of the Stomach and Intestines transmitted to the Brain or by an ill constitution of the nervous Liquor The Second kind of Apoplexy An Apoplexy is seated sometime in the Brain and other times in the Cerebellum is immediately derived from a more strong cause productive of it without procatarctick causes This Disease is seated in the Brain sometimes and other times in the Cerebellum frequent vertiginous Dispositions do denote it to be in the Brain and an intermittent Pulse Syncope and fainting Fits shew the Disease to be in the Cerebellum as Dr. Willis hath observed in the Eighth Chapter de Apoplexia Pag. 271. Cerebrum huic morbo magis obnoxium denotant praeviae frequentes scolomiae vertiginis affectus Cerebellum male affectum arguunt creber incubus The difference of an Apoplexy according to several degrees The greatest difficulty of breathing is a great sign of a most high Apoplexy pulsus intermittens Syncope Lipothymia frequens This Disease admitteth another difference according to its diverse degrees as it is more or less strong which is discovered by the disaffection of the intellectual or sensitive operations of the Brain or of all of them and the greatness of their malady is shewn very much in the eminent difficulty of Breathing and a general abolition of all animal Functions As to the Prognosticks of this fatal Disease it is always attended with eminent danger and very commonly with Death which is accompanied with an universal taking away the functions of The symptome of an Apoplexy attendant of Death and with an ill intermittent Pulse a froth of the Mouth and cold colliquative Sweat the fore-runner of Death And Blasted persons are frequently exposed to a deadly Fit of an Apoplexy appearing in a total privation of Pulse and Breathing associated with cold Sweats the doleful Heralds of approaching Death A sleepy Disaffection called by the Latines Carus is near akin to an Apoplexy differing from it only in a less degree and often degenerates into it as having the Animal faculties less violated in reference to the inward and ou ward Senses as it is a deep Sleep with a privation or imminution at least of the intellectual and sensitive Functions accompanied with a free Respiration which is always deficient in an Apoplexy In a Carus the Sleep is less deep A Carus is a lower Sleepy Disease then an Apoplexy from which the Patient may be awaked by a loud voice or by pulling or pinching him whereupon he will open his Eyes and will have only a very confused apprehension of any thing said to him which is wholly taken away in an Apoplexy The seat of this Disease is conceived to be not only in the Cortex but in the ambient part of the Corpus callosum too in which the Animal Liquor and Spirits are very much confined as not having a free motion into the more inward Recesses of the Corpus callosum and other Processes of the Brain The continent cause of a Carus is the same in substance The Continent cause of a Carus but different in degree from that of a Coma and Apoplexy it being lower then the first and higher then the later disease and the stupifying Maladâ—es have different denominations as the Morbifick Matter groweth more or less strong and successively arise out of each other as the later is an increase of the former Sometimes the Matter of the Disease is at once so highly exalted that without degrees Gross Humors do intercept the motion of the Blood caused sometimes by obstruction and other times by compression made by the tumor of the adjacent parts The Prognosticks of a Carus it is the cause of a Carus or Apoplexy so that gross Humors do vitiate the Nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits and intercept their motion sometimes by Compression by the tumor of the adjacent parts as well as by the obstruction of the Origen of the
Viscus Pomorum to which may be added Stercus Pavonis and when it hath been well boiled in Spring-water and strained it may be sweetened with Syrup of Lime-Flowers Powders Paeony or Lilly of the Valley Powders also may be advised made of Paeony-root and of Species Diambrae Castor Angelica Zedoary Contragerva and of the chips of Oranges and Lemons drinking after every Dose a draught of a proper Julape or Apozeme A Carus Coma and Lethargy being all Sleepy Diseases have great alliance with an Apoplexy and do admit the like method of Physick and Medicines prescribed in an Apoplexy the highest of all Sleepy Diseases CHAP. LXV Of the Vertigo or Meagrum A Vertigo or Meagrum is here Treated of A Vertigo is often a forerunner of Sleepy Diseases as a fore-runner to the Apoplexy and the other Sleepy Diseases and is seated in the ambient parts and more inward Recesses of the Brain the allodgments of the Animal Spirits in which their first rise and motion is produced the ministers of the inward Senses as well as the intellectual Functions These active emissaries of the Soul the more refined Particles of the Animal Liquor sometimes exalt the Processes of the Brain in great companies and other times in smaller numbers and are carried in irregular motions highly discomposing the fibrous Compage of the Brain wherein the lucide Particles suffer a total Eclipse as in an Apoplexy or a lesser in a Carus Coma and Lethargy in which some glimmerings of the more noble and sensitive operations of the Brain appear My Province at this time is to discourse a vertiginous disposition A Vertigo proceedeth sometimes from a disordred and other times from an intercepted motion of the Animal Spirits The description of a Vertigo sometimes a Herald of greater Maladies the Sleepy Diseases of the Brain wherein the Animal Spirits have their motion sometimes disordered and other times stopped so that they cannot be duely ministerial to the production of the Animal Operations A Vertigo is a disaffection of the Brain wherein the objects of sight seem to wheel round with a great swimming in the Head so that the Animal Spirits are highly discomposed as suffering a great confusion produced by an irregular Motion whereupon they have not a due influence first into the Fibrils of the Brain and afterward into the Optick Nerves productive of a lost or diminished sight and progressive motion In the Paroxysme of this Disease the inward Senses admit a deception The Paroxysm of a Vertigo while reeling Objects seem to be hurried in motion and the rational Conception is not much disturbed while we apprehend the discomposure of our inward and outward Senses As to the cause of this Malady its worth our inquiry how it is made The causes of this Disease in Diseases or by a violent motion of the Body in a circular manner or by a prospect from a high place of some low distant Objects seated immediately or directly under us or by going over narrow open Bridges placed over great and deep waters running in hasty torrents or in a Ship under sail carried with an impetuous motion in a strong Tempest Whereupon the Animal Spirits run so confused that they cause a vertiginous disposition which may seem worth our consideration to understand the reason of this discomposure as conducive to the better understanding the intrinsick causes of a Meagrum When we have long hurried our Bodies in a circular motion A Vertigo coming from a disorderly motion of ouâ— Body all outward objects seem to dance round about us and though we repose our selves yet this phancy continues and sometimes we tumble down upon the ground or floor and have an apprehension of a circular motion in our Brain And the reason may be not that the disaffection is lodged in the outward Sense or there continued but from the agile temper of the Animal Spirits as Learned Dr. Willis hath well observed Cap. 7. De Vertigine Pa. 250. Quippe ait ille affectus iste a corporis circulatione producitur sive oculis intuemur sive nictamus At vero hujus apparitionis causa omnino dependet a fluxili spirituum animalium substantia quippe spiritus intra Cerebrum scatentes non secus habent ac aqua aut densa vaporum congeries phialae inclusa quae una cum vase continente circumagitur facta semel vortice etiam vase quiescente motum istum aliquandiu continuare persistit pari etiam modo quando hominis corpus circumgyratur spiritus cerebri incolae ab ista capitis tanquam vasis continentis circumductione in motus tornatiles ac veluti spirales aguntur cumque propterea solito influxu directo jubare nervos irradiare nequeant hinc una cum visibilium rotatione saepe Scotomia pedum vacillatio inducuntur Hemisphaerium visibile rotare videtur quia spiritus speciem excipientes circulariter moventur quare siquidem sensibilis impressio recipitur per modum recipientis prout spiritus ita objecta in orbem moveri videbuntur And the prospect of disagreeable Objects or a dangerous situation or motion of the Body giveth a suddain surprisal and striketh a dread into the phancy and rendreth the motion of the Animal Spirits irregular and confused And in persons debauched with great proportions of Wine The Animal Liquor is highly discomposed by immoderate drinking or strong Liquors the Blood is disordered with fierce and turbulent steams which being carried into the Brain do give a high disturbance to the Animal Liquor and Spirits generated of the serous part of the vital juyce by offering a violence to them by rendring their motion inordinate and confused In these external or evident causes of a preternatural disposition of the Brain producing a Meagrum the Animal Spirits are disturbed in their natural Emanations by a confused progress and various agitations hither and thither within the Interstices of numerous nervous Fibrils in the ambient parts or more inward Recesses of the Brain so that the natural motion of the Animal Spirits being checked and rendred confused they do not flow regularly into the Nerves of the Eyes whereupon the visible Objects seem to admit a Circumrotation which is not truly in them but a deception of the Sight proceeding inwardly from the fluctuation of the Animal Spirits which are as I humbly conceive carried forward and backward in various disordred motions Having discoursed the evident causes The inward causes of a Vertigo generating a vertiginous affection of the Brain I shall endeavour now to give some account of the more inward and preternatural causes of it So that a Vertigo is sometime a symptome as a consequent of another Malady And other times it is not an accident but a Disease as produced within the Processes of the Brain A vertiginous symptome is first of all produced by the motion of the Blood checked in the Heart or Lungs whereupon followeth a Syncope or Lypothimy a difficulty of Breathing
and a great lightness of the Head Othertimes A Vertigo coming from irritation of the nervous Fibrils vertiginous symptomes arise from the irritation of the Nervous Fibrils of the Stomach Intestines Liver Pancreas Spleen Kidneys proceeding from sharp Recrements which offending the said Fibrils of the Viscera taking their Origen from the Brain give a lightness to it and it is frequent in Abscesses and Ulcers of the Thighs Legs and Feet to have the Head affected with a Vertiginous disposition which happens also to persons having long fasted which doth not come as commonly imagined so much from steams ascending out of the empty Stomach to the Head but I humbly conceive it is borrowed from the Fibrils of the Stomach destitute of Alimentary Liquor which highly gratifieth the Nerves producing small motions in the Fibrils which draw the Nerves of the Brain into consent and cause a kind of swimming of the Head which disappears after the assumption of Aliment refreshing the nervous Fibrils of the Stomach and appeasing their gentle Contractions Having spoke of the Vertigo as it is a Symptome A Vertigo considered as a Disease it may be now proper to treat of it as a Disease in which its Seat Nature and Causes are presented to our consideration to give us a farther light in order to its Cure to prevent greater Diseases the sad followers of it The seat of this Disease is not so much in the Cortex The seat of a Vertigo as in the more inward Recesses of the Brain the allodgments of the common Sense and imagination which are very much disquieted in vertiginous affections so that we are not capable to make right apprehensions of visible Objects The Animal Spirits borrow their Origen from the more mild parts of the Blood exalted with Animal Liquor in the substance of the Cortical Glands imparted to the Corpus callosum Fornix The Origen of the Animal Spirits Corpora striata the subject of the inward Senses which are agrieved by the confounded motion of the Animal Spirits The Essence or Continent cause of a Vertigo as they are hindred in their progress through the Processes of the Brain which is the very Essence of this Disease or Continent cause of it as some of them are clouded others are diverted from their natural course and move as it were in Gyres making a kind of circulation or rather a fluctuation or retrograde motion as the natural Emanations of the Animal Spirits are intercepted by some impediment of the nervous Fibrils or secret Meatus of the Brain Whereupon the highly discomposed Spirits do render the Phantasmes disorderly The manner how the Vertigo is produced and the Images of things in themselves quiet restless as running round after a kind of circumvolution And as the lucid Particles of the nervous Liquor cannot communicate a free and full Influx into the Nerves of the Eies whereby the Rays of visible objects are much obscured as the visible faculty groweth eclipsed by the darkned irradiation of bright Animal Spirits as their more free motion is intercepted in the Interstices of the nervous Fibrils of the Brain If a search be made how the Animal Spirits are hindred in their passage through the empty spaces of the nervous Fibrils whereupon they are by force carried in a tumultuary motion it may seem to have much shew of Reason A cause of a Vertigo that the Animal Liquor is associated with heterogeneous fermentative Particles originally derived from the serous parts of the vital Juyce the Materia substrata of Animal Spirits which affect the refined Atomes of nervous Liquor with a confused motion causing a vertiginous disposition which may also proceed from an obstruction of the Interstices of nervous Fibrils constituting the Compage of the Brain So that the free course of the more agile parts of the nervous Liquor Another cause of a Vertigo have not a free progress into the Nerves inserted into the Eies whereupon they lose their true perceptive Faculty attributing to the Objects a circular Motion which is found only in the irregular course of the Animal Spirits and not in the outward objects of Sight An habitual and inveterate Vertigo may have its cause also assigned to the ill temper of the Brain derived from a sharp and acide indisposition An inveterate Vertigo proceeding from a company of serous Recrements perverting the laudable affection of the Brain impregnated naturally with sweet and volatil saline Particles not gross faeculent and fixed saline Recrements which vitiate the laudable constitution of the Animal Liquor and Spirits and render their motion confused and irregular the immediate and conjunct cause of a vertiginous affection As to the Prognosticks of this Disease if it be symptomatical flowing from the indisposition of the Viscera affecting the Brain it hath less of danger if it be a Disease not deeply radicated But an inveterate Vertigo being almost continued threateneth a greater danger as more difficult to be cured and giveth a Physician great trouble before the Patient labouring with this stubborn Disease can be recovered This Disease when seated in the anterior Region of the Brain is more safe as making less impression upon it and is often turned into the pain of the Head and discharged many times by a flux of Blood flowing through the Nostrils A vertiginous affection having its subject in the hinder part of the Brain attended with ill symptomes as falling upon the Floor and an ablation of of the noble sensitive Functions is obnoxious to imminent danger and sometimes degenerates into an Apoplexy and other times into a Palsey This Disease as to its Cure admits a diverse consideration in reference to its Paroxysme or to prevent its Fit which is preservatory As to the First The Fit denotes Bleeding it denoteth in a Plethorick Constitution a free Letting of Blood in the Jugulars Arm or by Leeches in the Hemorrhoidal Veins and in a great case by the application of Cupping-Glasses to the Shoulders and Neck Purgatives may be used prepared with Cephalicks as also Antiscorbuticks Diureticks And as to the preservatory Indication in an ill habit of Body purgative Medicines may be applied prepared with Cephalicks As also Chalybeats mixed with Antiscorbuticks and Diureticks which I have seen give great relief in vertiginous distempers as they discharge the Recrements of the Blood which else being carried to the Brain do take off the purity of the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits and hinder their free progress between the Filaments of the Nerves seated in the various Processes of the Brain And to this end Purging Pills Pills of Amber mixed with Extractum Rudii c. As also Alteratives may be administred Apozemes as Apozemes made with the Flowers of Betony Sage Cowslips Lilly of the Valley Lime c. and to every Dose some drops may be added of the Spirit of Hartshorn of Salt Armoniack succinated Conserves also made with these Flowers mixed with Powder of
White Amber Castor roots of Paeony and Millepedes powdered made up with Syrup of Lime-Flowers or Lilly drinking after every Dose a good draught of a Cephalick Apozeme to which may be added Ten or Twelve drops of Spirit of Castor Pearl Julapes Julapes made of the Distilled waters of Cephalicks and compound Paeony to which may be added the Spirit of Lavender and sweetned with refined Sugar Powders also may be advised prepared with White Amber roots of Paeony Tincture of Steel or Powder of it prepared and given in proper Apozemes Purgations must be now and then advised in a Steel course Coral prepared Pearl c. and may be given in a Decoction of Cephalick Flowers of Rosemary Betony Sage Tey c. A Tincture or Syrup of Steel or its Powder prepared with Sulphur may be advised to be taken with Cephalick Apozemes made with the Flowers of Rosemary Lavender Paeony c. Every Fourth or Fifth day a gentle purgative draught may be prescribed mixed with Cephalick Medicines during the course of Steel CHAP. LXVI Of the Delirium and Phrenitis BEfore I Treat of a Phrenitis The description of a Delirium I will discourse briefly of a Delirium as preliminary to it which doth not truly apprehend the Images of things First presented to the outward Senses and afterward imparted to the common Sense and Phancy by reason the Animal Spirits are much clouded by an ill nervous Liquor and as its due temper and motion is more or less perverted it is productive of greater or less disaffections of the Brain wherein the species presented from the outward to the inward Senses are ill perceived or unduely compounded or divided whereupon the Understanding being presented with distracted and confused Phantasmes exerteth irregular operations and giveth an ill conduct to the Will in various misguided and unreasonable acts Phrenitis is a kind of Delirium which are all styled under a common Name of Delirium which being in a less degree and shorter in time is vulgarly called a Delirium and when it continueth longer and more severe as accompanied with a Fever and other more troublesome accidents is named Phrenitis attended sometimes with Raving and other times degenerates into a Mania Melancholia Stupiditas of which I will discourse in order and First of a Delirium and Phrenitis A Delirium is rather a Symptome then a Disease as being a shadow A Delirium is rather a Symptome then Disease following other Disaffections My Province at this time is to make an inspection into the nature and causes of the Malady called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Greeks and Delirium by the Latines and is a perverted operation of the Brain flowing from malignant Fevers Hysterick Paroxysmes the eruption of the Small Pox c. This Symptome seemeth to be seated in the more inward Recesses of the Brain where the common Sense Phansy The seat of a Delirium and Memory do perform their operations which are acted by the Animal Spirits the Ministers of the Mind which being hurried in irregular motions do confound the representations of outward sensible Objects when their Appulses are conveyed by nervous Fibrils to the more inward sensitive Faculties which being disturbed in their due apprehensions do make disorderly Phantasmes recommended to the Understanding whereupon this more noble Function cannot make a right judgment of the Objects presented to it from the inward Senses so that the Will following the irregular Dictates of the Understanding doth make ill Elections as mis-governed by an erroneous guide In a Brain well-disposed The regular motion of the Animal Spirits the Animal Spirits make regular motions from the Origen of the Nerves through the Interstices of their Filaments making their progress through the several Processes of the Brain in due manner and order as instituted by nature whence the outward and inward Senses and the more intellectual Faculties do exercise regular Operations in the true perception of outward and inward Objects But if the nervous Liquor and its more agile and more refined Particles The irregular motion of the Animal Spirits do make violent and tumultuary excursions through the various Filaments relating to the fibrous Compage of the Brain the thoughts of the Mind are rendred disturbed and the outward and inward perceptions of Sense and Reason confused and irregular as not able to make right apprehensions of things If any one shall make an inquiry into the causes of these depraved operations of Sense and Reason it may seem to proceed upon a double account First The First cause of a Delirium is in the Blood by reason of a fierce mass of Blood having access to the Brain by the inward Carotide Arteries whereupon the Animal Spirits grow discomposed The Second reason of a Delirium is from a depraved nervous Liquor producing unquiet Animal Spirits The Blood is in fault by reason of an undue effervescence The Second antecedent cause of a Delirium caused by heterogeneous fermentative Particles having an influence upon the Brain or when the boiling Blood in the Paroxysmes of intermittent or acute Fevers is carried in a great quantity into the Membranes of the Brain distending them and compressing its fibrous Compage Whereupon the Animal Spirits are acted with violent motions between the spaces of the nervous Filaments And the enraged Particles the Red Crassament of Blood do highly discompose the serous parts of it The Third cause of a Delirium may be in the serous part of the Blood out of which the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits are generated so that they grow very restless and impetuous in their motions hither and thither disquieting the Oeconomy of the Brain and the Animal Functions of the common Sense Phancy Memory Understanding producing a Delirium which is a depraved exercise of the operations of the said Faculties The Blood is also poisoned with malignant qualities as in the Plague Fevers Small Pox which act the Animal Spirits with enormous operations disordering the rational and sensitive Faculties This distemper being of a short continuance doth not denote any particular cure as being a Symptome of acute Diseases which being determined a Delirium immediately disappears and by reason the Animal Spirits are receptive of a great trouble and confusion in this disaffection The Cure and Medicines in order to cure a Delirium Cephalick Medicines may be advised in the form of Apozemes Powders Pills Electuaries to appease the fierce Particles of the Animal Liquor apt to be hurried with violent and irregular motions as also to strengthen the laxe Compage of the Fibrils of the Brain distended with the over-much elastick Particles of the Animal Liquor As to a Delirium Another course of Physick must be prescribed in order to cure a Delirium the consequent of a malignant Fever the consequent of an acute and malignant Fever another method of Physick may be advised as opening a Vein in a Plethorick Constitution As
also testaceous Powders taken with Cephalick Julapes which promote Sweat and give an allay to the inordinate motion of the Animal Spirits and the great effervescence of the Blood To this end Topicks may be applied as Epispastick Plaisters between the Shoulders insides of the Arms Thighs Legs As also Plaisters and Cataplasmes to the Feet Having discoursed a Delirium A Phrenitis is a high degree of a Delirium which is a more gentle kind of desipience it may not be amiss to speak of a Phrenitis as a more exalted degree of a Delirium and a Disease more radicated in the Membranes and Substance of the Brain proceeding from a fluctuation and not from a more remiss undulation of the Animal Liquor and Spirits A Phrensy may be described a continued and lasting Delirium The description of a Phrenitis with a depravation of the rational and sensitive Faculties accompanied with a continued Fever derived from the inflammation of the Dura and Pia mater and from the great and inordinate motion of the nervous Liquor very much expanding the Fibrils of the Brain And from a hot distemper of the Brain coming from bilious Matter as Sennertus will have it The Essence of this Disease is found in an irregular motion of the Animal Spirits The Essence of this Diseaâ—e the great Ministers of the more noble and inferior Functions of the Brain and differeth in degree from a Delirium as the Animal Liquor is more vitiated and the Disease more rooted as coming from more active causes producing a rapid motion of the Animal Spirits in the Interstices of the Filaments belonging to the fibrous Compage of the Brain whereupon they grow more puffed up and disordered by the expansive part of the nervous Liquor dicomposing the fine Systemes of nervous Filaments constituting the admirable frame of the Brain so that the Images of things making appulses upon the Organs of the outward Senses are imparted by a continuation of Nerves to the common Sense Phancy and Memory and are indistinctly apprehended and after the same manner represented to the Understanding whose confused Notions are offered to the Will which is perverted in the elicite acts by the ill conduct of the superior Faculty whence flow incongruous Speeches and ridiculous actions and postures of the Body much repugnant to Reason and Sense This Disease doth very much consist in a great ebullition of Blood A Phrenitis consists in a high Effervescence of the Blood out of whose Albuminous Particles the Animal Liquor is generated in the Cortical Glands whence the Animal Spirits the more active Atomes of the nervous Juyce are acted with a Phlogosis enraging the substance of the Brain and its more noble parts the Animal Spirits rendring them fierce and restless whereupon the outward and inward Senses and more excellent Faculties are highly disordered Dr. Willis is of an Opinion that a Phrenitis doth proceed from an inflammation of the Animal Spirits and not from the coats of the Brain as he hath it in the Tenth Chapter De Delirio Phrenitide P. 314 315. Enim vero proba bile est sanguinem febriliter ardescentem particulas interdum sulphureas una cum spirituosis cerebro offundere quae semi accensae quodam modo efflagrantes si una cum alteris penetrarint exinde mox omnes ductus Medullares nervos subeuntes spiritibus ubique adherent adeoque omnes inflammatos summe efferos implacabiles reddunt Certe verisimilius est Phrenitida hoc ritu a spirituum Phlogosi potius quam a meningum aut cerebri inflammatione quae Cephaleam aut Lethargum certius quam furorem prout ex cerebri anatomiis compertum habui inferrent excitari But I humbly conceive with the leave of this Learned Physician That the Phrensie is not only deducible from an effervescence of the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits A Phrenitis may proceed not only from an Effervescence of the Animal Liquor and Spirits but from an Inflammation of the Coats and Brain it self The cause of the Inflammatory disposition of the Animal Spirits but from an inflammation of the Membranes of the Brain proceeding from an extravasated Blood lodged in the Interstices of the Vessels seated in the substance belonging to the Membranes encircling the ambient parts of the Brain by reason the putrid indisposition of the Blood affecting the integuments of the Brain First indisposeth the Cortical Glands in which the nervous Liquor is generated as also the more inward penetrals of the Brain whereupon the Animal Spirits are endued with an inflammatory disposition highly disquieting their due motion as rendring them turbulent and irregular so that the lower and higher Faculties of the Brain cannot make due apprehensions of their objects presented unto them An Instance of this Hypothesis may be given The Pia mater may be inflamed without a Tumor of the Brain in which the Pia mater is often inflamed without the tumor of the substance of the Brain as it hath been seen in Dissections of the Heads of Persons dying of Phrensies A young Man of a lean and dry habit of Body was afflicted with a continued Tertian attended with ill Symptomes as a great pain of the Head proceeding from a hot and sharp mass of Blood carried by the internal Carotide Artery into the substance relating to the Coats of the Brain and was also tortured with most importunate watchings and afterward in a small space of time the Patient was highly disordered with a Phrenitis accompanied with horrid accidents which could not be appeased with a proper course of Physick and afterward died raging with Red squallide Eyes to the great disquiet of his Friends and standers by After death his Skull being taken off the Brain was bespecked with Red spots derived from extravasated Blood And the Membranes and especially the Pia mater was tumefied being distended with blackish Blood and the Branches transmitted through the substance of the Brain did seem to be swelled and inflamed which were imparted from the Pia mater Sometimes the Dura mater is ulcered A Phrenitis proceeding from an Ulcer of the Dura mater accompanied with a fulness of Blood-vessels in the Pia mater and an Abscess in the Cerebellum Of this Petrus Pauvius giveth an account Observat Octava Anatomica Quidam per biennium conquestus fuerat de dolore in occipite tandem hic Phrenitide ac convulsivis motibus correptus subito interiit Huic crassa cerebri membrana aliquot locit exesa erat variis foraminibus idque potissimum in bregmate sub sagittali sutura ubi ea cum coronali jungitur Ex iis foraminibus effluebat per membranam dictam effusus erat sanguis fermè concretus ater adustus admodum faetens Tali quoque sanguine distenta erant vasa per exteriorem crassae meningis superficiem discurrentia quin ea quae numerosa per tenuem disseminata sunt Huic intra cerebellum abscessus humore non naturali
scatens repertus fuit erat hic humor colore ex citrino ad pallidum vergens pallida nimirum bilis Ipsa cerebelli substantia flaccida omnino molliorque multo quam cerebri substantia A Phrensy also may come from an inflammatory disposition of the Brain A Phrenitis coming from an inflammation of the substance of the Brain flowing from a quantity of bilious Blood stagnant in the Interstices of the Vessels whereupon the Animal Spirits are rendred obnoxious to a very hot affection making them tumultuary in their motion in their confused progress between the Filaments of the nervous Fibrils constituting the compage of the Brain hence ariseth a Phrenitis from the Animal Spirits enraged with hot steams of the extravasated Blood which often degenerates into an Abscess and Ulcer of the Brain As Nicholaus Fontanus hath observed Analectorum cap. 1. and mentioned by Learned Bonnetus Anatom Pract. lib. 1. Sect. 7. De Phrenit c. Obs 7. Pa. 163. Ad invisendum ait ille puerum duodecennem accersitus arteriam in carpo contemplor duram cum pulsu frequenti exiguo aegrum imaginatione laborare deprehendo Continuo delirantem floccos carpentem inâ—omnem immorigerum Cui lingua exusta fuliginosa nigra excrementa sicca dura pilularum instar Hunc Phrenitide confirmata laborare eaque exitiali mihi persuasi Nam triduo post nullis auxiliis aptis proficientibus migravit e vivis Secto capite contemplatoque cerebro in ejus Medullari substantia repertus est tumor nucis juglandis magnitudine rubidus venis turgentibus sanguine repletus quae hujus noxae fuit causa certissima rupto abscessu emanavit faetidus ichor coclearis quantitate venae jam ante tumidae subsederunt A Phrensy may also take its rise from a quantity of watry Recrements A Phrensy may be derived from an inflamed Plexus Choroides mixed with the mass of Blood in the Plexus Choroides and Ventricles and also from thick Filaments of gross Blood concreted in the Sinus of the Dura mater somewhat resembling Worms A Woman oppressed with great sadness An instance of this case upon an account of some great loss fell into a burning Fever accompanied with a great pain of the Head which degenerated into a Phrensy expressed in extravagant Singing Laughing and odd postures of the Body After death her Skull being taken off a thin pale Blood flowed out of the Pia mater and the Ventricles of the Brain being opened the Blood-vessels of the Plexus Choroides and Chambers in which they are lodged appeared full of a watry Blood and in the Sinus of the Dura mater many gross Filaments were discovered mad up of a gross Blood mixed with crude unassimilated Chyle of a Polypose nature A Phrensy doth not only come from extravasated Blood A Phrensy proceeding from serous Recrements vitiating the nervous Liquor but from serous Recrements too secerned from the vital Liquor in the Cortical Glands which pass through the Cortex into the more inward Processes of the Brain These serous Recrements being hot and sharp as compared with saline and hot steams of the Blood do highly discompose the nervous Liquor and its refined Particles which being aggrieved with an over-elastick temper do make turbulent and confused motions very much puffing up the Filaments of the nervous Fibrils productive of a Phrensy Of this Learned Webster giveth an example Exercitat De Apoplex Historia 4 ta J. An observation relating to the said Case Reutinger aliquot septimanis ante obitum crudelissime cephalalgia afflictus fuit prae dolore quandoque amens erat ut quicquid vel diceret vel faceret non raro nesciret Mortui cranio aperto saucia dura meninge profluxit serum cum impetu maxima ex parte collectum in spacio quod inter duram piam matrem est Imo ipsa substantia cerebri cerebelli plurimum serum imbiberat nam summopere utrumque erat flaccidum molle Having spoke after my manner of the Essence and various conjunct causes of a Phrensy illustrated with the History of diverse Diseases of the Brain I will give you very short evident causes of this raging distemper The evident causes of a Phrensy which raise a Feverish distemper giving a fiery disposition to the Animal Spirits caused by more freely indulging our selves in the large and frequent draughts of great bodied Wines and other strong Liquors as also immoderate passions of the Mind and violent motion of the Body and a suppression of the wonted evacuations of Blood by the Menses or Haemorrhoids bleeding through the Nostrils c. which render the mass of Blood very hot especially in cholerick Constitutions which having a recourse by the internal Carotide Arteries to the Membranes and substance of the Brain do make fiery impressions upon the Animal Liquor and Spirits rendring them over-active and impetuous in motion and over expansive whereby the Filaments of the numurous Fibrils besetting the Compage of the Brain are disordred so that the Organs of Reason and Sense being highly disaffected the Superior and Inferior Faculties cannot perform their duty in regular apprehensions of things and due elections of proper means in order to the preservation of Life and Happiness The Diagnosticks of this Disease are troublesome watchings The Diagnosticks accompanied sometimes with interrupted Sleep and terrible Dreams after which Phrenetick persons make lamentable out-cries biting their Tongues and Lips and tearing their Cloaths and breaking Glass-windows and also do make frequent attempts to destroy themselves by cutting their Throats Drowning Hanging and casting themselves down Precipices and in their fit of Raging their Eyes and Faces are overspread with Redness proceeding from a great quantity of enraged Blood setled in the ambient parts of the Body The Prognosticks of a Phrensy as being an inflammation of the Membranes The Prognosticks or substance of the Brain enraging the Animal Spirits coming from the fiery parts of the Blood or from an Abscess or Ulcer of the Brain doth threaten great danger often ending in death If this Disease afflict a good constitution of Body abounding with a great quantity of Blood or if it have often and long intervals in a young person the hopes of recovery are much greater then in old age But if after moderate sleep the raging Fits do more and more increase it is an argument the Disease groweth more strong and more dangerous in reference to a new access of Morbifick Matter oppressing the Brain and vitiating the nervous Liquor and Spirits If a Fever have a laudable Crisis by a free evacuation of Sweat oftentimes the Phrensy is fairly determined A Phrenitis following an ill Crisis of a Fever but if the Fever have an ill Crisis the Matter of the Disease is transmitted from the lower apartiment of the Body by the Carotide Artery into the Coats and fibrous Compage of the Brain making a Phrenitis which often appears in a pale water
and if the Pulse groweth low and quick attended with a difficulty of Breathing Vomitings Convulsions and frequent drops of Blood distilling out of the Nostrils they are the symptomes or forerunners of death And if in a long continued Phrensy A Pleuresy degenerating in a Lethargy the ambient parts of the Membranes Cortex and the Corpus callosum be oppressed with a quantity of serous Recrements or stagnant Blood productive of an inflammatory disposition it often degenerates into a Lethargy Mania Melancholia or Morosis which are hardly curable A Paraphrenitis is a Disease proceeding from an inflammation of the Midriff accompanied with a Fever which being endued with a multitude of nervous Fibrils A Paraphrenitis proceedeth from a inflammation of the Midriff highly affecteth the Brain as Galen and the Antients will have it But the modern Physicians making a greater inspection into the nature of Diseases gained by the dissection of dead Bodies have found that the Inflammation Abscess and Ulcer of the Midriff have proved very fatal to Patients without the least shew of a Phrensy But I humbly conceive that a Paraphrenitis doth not come from an Inflammation A Paraphrenitis coming from an Abscess of the Midriff or Abscess of the Midriff but is a gentle or bastard Phrensy being near a kin to a Delirium proceeding from slighter causes then a Phrensy from a mass of Blood not enraged with such high sulphureous Particles or with serous Liquor so much oppressing the Cortex or more inward Recesses of the Brain whereupon the Animal Spirits are less disordered and the rational and sensitive Powers are not so much perverted in the performance of their operations as in a Phrensy As to the cure of the Phrensy Bleeding proper in the cure of a Phrenitis and Paraphrenitis in reference to hot stagnated Blood in the Membranes and substance of the Brain it denotes Bleeding to lessen the mass of Blood and to make good its circulation Letting of Blood is most proper in the beginning of the Disease while Nature is strong and before the Disease is too much radicated in the state of it when the Malady hath got a great head attended with Syncopes Lipothymies and a quick weak Pulse wherein it is more rational to forbear Bleeding and apply Blistering plaisters between the Shoulders to the inside of the Arms Thighs Legs and Cephalick plaisters and proper Cataplasmes to the Feet In reference to the Fever accompanying the Phrensy Emulsions made with cooling Seeds may be proper to allay the unnatural heat of the Blood which is often to be taken away out of the jugular Veins or the Cephalick Median or Basilick of the Arm as also a Vein may be opened in the Foot when the Menstrua are suppressed or Leeches may be applyed to the Haemorrhoidal Veins which revel the Blood from the Head both in Men and Women Cupping-glasses may be applyed to the Shoulders and Neck Cupping-glasses are proper in this Disease which very much relieve the Head in a Phrensy The temporal Artery may be safely opened in this Disease as immediately discharging the fierce Blood out of the Carotide Artery and proveth often very advantageous in this case Clysters also are very successful to empty the Bowels of Excrements and Wind and Vomitings and Catharcticks are very dangerous A Clyster may be very useful in a Phrensy except they be gentle by reason they give great disturbance to the sharp and hot Humors of the Body and much intend the Fever which associates the Phrensy Cephalick Julapes made of the Flowers of Lilly of the Vally Limetree Cowslips and Red Poppy made up with Pearl and Sugar are very beneficial to attemper the enraged Animal Spirits which being fixed are brought to a due order in motion whereby the more excellent and meaner Faculties have a due perception of their various outward and inward Objects Apozemes may be safely given prepared with roots of Dogs-grass Apozemes wild Asparagus Bruscas and with the leaves of Vervain Betony fragrant Apples sliced Corrants the Seeds of Melons Pumpions White Poppy and the Colature after they have been boiled in water may be dulcified with Syrup of Water-Lillies An Electuary of Conserv of Water-Lillies of which a draught may be drunk after every Dose of an Electuary prepared with the Conserve of Water-Lillies Lime-Flowers and Lillies of the Valley Powder of the Four cooling Seeds c. made up with the Syrup of Water-Lillies CHAP. LXVII Of Melancholly THis melancholick indisposition of the Brain The Melancholy hath somewhat of likeness with a Phrenitis hath much affinity with a Phrenitis as they are both delirous affections of the Head flowing from vitiated Animal Spirits disordering the upper and lower Faculties of Reason and Sense So that this Disease may admit this description The descrion of Melancholy as being a Delirium composed of a depravation of Reason and Imagination accompanied with Fear and Sadness which sheweth Melancholy to be a Malady complicated with the indisposition of the Brain and Heart by reason it is a Delirium proceeding from the Fault of the Brain and Animal Spirits conjoyned with Passions arising from the Heart This Disease differeth from a Phrenitis Melancholy differeth from other Cephalick Diseases Mania Morosis as it is a Delirium associated with a high passionate discomposure of Fear and Grief the sad concomitants of this Malady of which the Patient can give a rational account as not proceeding from any outward severe accident producing these troublesome passions but from an ill mass of Blood and other ill inward causes disturbing the Heart Brain and Animal Spirits And melancholick persons The various Fancies of melanchoâ—iâ—k Persons are not only affected with clouds of Fear and Grief but sport themselves in Laughter and immoderate Joy by pleasing their fancies with the vain apprehensions of great Honour and State as being Kings and Princes having a great affluence as they conceive of all Pleasures and Riches The ridiculous imaginations of this Disease have metamorphosed Men into Wolves which they have endeavoured to imitate in Barking and Howling Others have fancied themselves dead and have intimated their desires to be buried and have conceived their Bodies to be composed of Glass fearing lest any person nearly approaching them should rub upon them and break them inpieces it would be endless and infinite to recount the numbers of foolish imaginations and nonsensical whimsies accompanying Melancholy which in reference to more or less symptomes This Disease is styled Universal or Particular as it hath more or less Symptomes may be called Universal or Particular The First hath more numerous delirous apprehensions then the other as treating themselves in sad deep Thoughts so that their fancy is restless and sometimes entertaineth it self with variety of Objects and othertimes with one or a few things of small importance always running in the fancy which they betray in speaking of it to the great trouble of the Auditors And
that the Spirit of Vitriol Salt or Vinegar cannot ascend out of the Still to the top of the Alembick unless it be forced up by an intense heat After this manner the phantasmes of Melancholick persons afflicted with adust Choler proceeding from Animal Spirits The cause and manner how Melancholy operates degenerating into an acide disposition do influence the whole Compage of the Brain and act in the Meditullium and are carried into the spaces of the neighbouring Filaments where the Animal Spirits exert their motions in a confused manner whence Thoughts perpetually arise which are much versed about one or but a few objects And when a great number of Spirits are confined within a narrow compass of the fibrous Compage of the Brain the phantasmes are very much enlarged beyond the true dimensions and small things rendred great and after the like manner when the visible images of things are represented by a Microscope they appeart much greater then they are in their own nature as the many Rays are united and concentred in a Convexe Glass so also the intentional species are configured in the Fibrous Compage of the Brain by the conflux of many Animal Spirits confined within a small circumference Of this we may have an Experiment in our Selves when we are fed with gross melancholly Diet or being clouded with the passion of sadness we become Thoughtful by reason the Animal Spirits do want a free Emanation we are made sollicitous of every small concern as if our whole happiness depended upon it Whereupon we are discomposed with great Fear and Anxiety conceiving our selves utterly lost in our vain apprehension when we are overcome with Melancholy And this melancholick Affection doth not only take its rise from an acide disposition spoiling the Crasis of the Animal Spirits Melancholy coming from an atrabilarian Humor but from an atrabilarian Humor carried with the Blood by the internal carotide Arteries into the substance of the Cortical Glands whereupon their nature is much debased and as losing their sweet temper and volatil saline disposition their Compage is rendred more gross and opaque so that it cannot be duly enlightened by the lucid Particles of the Animal Spirits And Melancholy is not only contracted by the fault of the Brain Melancholy flowing from the Praecordia and Blood and Animal Spirits but from the Praecordia and from the Blood endued with heterogeneous Particles highly fermenting in the noble parts of the middle Apartiment and thence transmitted by arterial Channels into the Brain where it maketh a great alteration in the nervous Compage as it is affected with gross atrabilarian Particles perverting the Crasis of the Brain and clouding the bright Ingeny of the Animal Spirits The Humors proceeding from adust Choler do much lessen the purity of the flame of Life in taking off much of its Activity and Spirit whereupon it moveth more slowly in its various Channels and contracteth gross Recrements associated with the Blood out of whose more mild parts debased by atrabilarian Humors producing grief and fear ill companions the purity of the Animal Liquor and Spirits is very much sullied often generating a sad Delirium The ill temper of the vital Liquor causing this timerous Disease The temper of the Blood producing a timerous disposition doth partly proceed from undue fermentation of the Blood in the Heart whereupon it groweth less oily and bountiful in its spirituous parts proceeding from too much exalted saline Atomes rendring the Blood gross and unactive whereupon the Blood transmitted out of the right Chamber of the Heart into the pulmonary Artery and substance of the Lungs as being too much burdened with fixed Salt cannot be duly attenuated and inspired with the elastick particles of Air so that we grow faint and sorrowful as our Blood wanteth a due intestine motion in the Heart and Lungs whereupon it groweth depressed in this Malady as overcharged with gross saline and sulphureous Particles whereupon arise variety of passions in the Heart as Fear Sorrow Faintness and panting in the most noble machine of motion which doth not only suffer by the ill crasis of the Blood clogged with ill effaete adust Choler and saline parts but the vital Liquor also is very much retarded as growing degenerate for want of a due circulation through all the apartiments of the body which is produced in this Disease by a slow and weak motion of the Heart coming from its disabled contractions of muscular Fibres caused by the defect of Animal Spirits not sufficiently acting the Nerves so that the Blood and Animal Spirits do disaffect and prejudice each other the atrabilarian Blood as affected with saline parts produceth gross Animal Liquor and Spirits and again the Animal Spirits being endued with an ill disposition do not duly influence the Cardiack Nerves whereupon the Blood and Animal Spirits do pervert each others Crasis in reference to purity vigor and activity The inordinate passions of the Mind as vehement love sadness Vehement Love discomposeth the fine temper of the Brain panick fear envy malice do very much disturb the oeconomy of the Brain and spoil the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits in forcing them to run excentrick in reference to their common Sphaeres of the Interstices of nervous Filaments by making them depart into the Pores and Meatus of the substance of the Brain whence proceedeth the depravation of the various Faculties Trust and Reason residing in it Again The indisposition of the Blood proceeding from crude Chyme not well assimilated the Blood acquiring an undue Crasis as being mixed with a Chyme not broken into small Particles by the faint motion of the Heart as in Fear Sadness c. doth render the vital Liquor crude and full of fixed saline Particles as not well attenuated by the motion of Blood coming from the weak contractions of the fleshy Fibres of the Heart whereupon the ill-affected Blood doth make or spoil the production of laudable Animal Liquor and Spirits in the cortical Glands of the Brain The Blood also contracteth an ill temper by immoderate Exercise The Blood is distempered by violent exercise gross Diet of Salt Meats especially if they be dried in Smoke and the suppression of accustomed evacuations of Blood by the Haemorrhoids and Menstrua bleeding at Nose and of purging the serous Recrements by Vomiting and Stool all which do infect the Blood and render it Atrabilarian which afterward indisposeth the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits The Antients did conceive the first rise of Melancholy to be seated in the Brain and other times in the Uterus and Spleen as to the Brain it may be called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 when the Brain hath its substance habitually vitiated by an ill nervous Liquor primarily flowing from the ill serous Liquor of the Blood out of which it is formed Others do imagine the seat of Melancholy to be in the Womb Some conceive the seat of Melancholy to be in the
Womb. which is very improper seeing the Atrabilian Humor is not first generated in the Womb which is only occasional in point of an ill mass of Blood produced by the suppressed purgation of the Menses whereupon the vital Liquor groweth degenerate as being depressed with gross saline and sulphureous Particles which being associated with the Blood imparted by the carotide Artery into the substance of the cortical Glands doth make an ill nervous Liquor the vehicle and ground of the Animal Spirits And as to the Spleen it is vulgarly apprehended to be the subject of the Atrabilarian Humors The Spleen by divers is apprehended to be the subject of Atrabilarian Humors commonly called Hypocondriacal Melancholy by reason of the Blood being filled with many Faeces is not depurated in the Glands of the Spleen whereupon the Ferments of the Blood are spoiled and being carried with it into the substance of the Brain doth produce an impure Animal Liquor vitiating its more volatil Particles commonly styled Spirits causing a melancholick distemper Sometimes this sad Disease is conceived to be propagated from all the apartiments of the Body as in a Scorbutick habit wherein the mass of Blood hath lost its tone and bounty as being tainted with gross saline and sulphureous parts which are not severed from the vital Liquor in the various colatories of Blood the Spleen Liver Kidneys consisting of numerous Glands the systems of innumerable and various vessels the secretories of the vital Liquor from several kinds of Recrements especially as being saline and sulphureous which being not separated from the mass of Blood have a recourse to the Brain and defeat the production of good nervous Liquor and Spirits the ground of this Atrabilarian Malady This Disease sometimes proceeds from a sanious Matter in the Left Ventricle of the Heart An observation according to the said Case This Disease sometimes ariseth from a sanious and mucous Matter in the Left Ventricle of the Heart and from the Gangreen of the Liver and Spleen and from the jugular Veins full of adust black Blood A Servant of a Merchant labouring under a melancholick affection was so afflicted with a deep sadness that she perpetually wished for death always treating her self with Sighs and Tears After death the Head being opened and the Coats taken off the veins of the Brain appeared full of black Blood and the Right Ventricle of the Brain was discovered to be stuffed with Blood made up of many concreted Filaments and in the Left Ventricle was lodged a quantity of sanious mucous Matter And afterward the Thorax being opened and the Heart Dissected a quantity of black Blood gushed out and the Lobes of the Lungs were livide and being opened a sanious corrupt Matter distilled out of their substance And the lower Apartiment being laid open the convex part of the Liver was discoloured with a livide hue and the middle of the Spleen was defaced with a blewish colour about the surface and its more Interior Recesses being inspected were found to be of a laudable colour and substance This dreadful Malady sometimes proceedeth from black corrupt Humors Melancholy sometimes cometh from corrupt Humors in the Stomach lodged in the bosom of the Stomach attended with a Scirrhus of the Pylorus and a Scirrhus of the Mesentery of which some part is concreted into a hard strong substance A person of Honour being endued with a cholerick Constitution An Instance of this Case and of a thin habit of Body found a great weight in the bottom of his Stomach attended with faetide Belchings and much Flatus making a noise in its passage found the Intestines and distensions of the Hypocondres accompanied with great Fear and Sadness and deep Thoughts and a weakness of the Animal Faculty and after a proper course of Physick had been administred to satisfy all Indications according to Art nothing proved successful in this desperate Disease And after he had yielded to Fate his Body being Dissected and the distended Stomach being opened in the bottom of it was seen a black corrupt Matter resembling Ink and the Pylorus was found to be Scirrhous shutting up the passage out of the Ventricle into the Guts And the Mesentery was discerned to be also Scirrhus and some part of it was concreted by a lapidescente Juyce into a hard Matter somewhat like Stone And a melancholick distemper of the Brain may take its rise from menstruous Blood debased by gross saline and sulphureous Particles when the natural Channels are stopped in the Uterus Melancholy flowing from the obstruction of the Vterus so that it cannot be discharged monthly by the Cavity of the Body and Vagina of the Womb so that the terminations of the Spermatick and Hypogastrick Arteries carrying Blood into the substance of the Uterus and the secret Meatus leading into the bosom of the Womb being obstructed the vital Liquor is received into the Spermatick and Hypogastrick Veins and transmitted through the ascendent Trunk of the Vena Cava into the Right Ventricle of the Heart and from thence through the Blood-vessels of the Lungs into the Left Chamber of the Heart and conveyed afterward through the common and ascendent Trunk of the Aorta and Carotide Arteries into the substance of the Cortical Glands wherin the Blood tainted with a fermentative and Atrabilarian Disposition and not discharged by the Uterus doth take off the purity of the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits and deprave the upper and lower Animal Functions often attended with deep sad and despairing imaginations highly torturing the unquiet minds of Patients as fancying themselves Eternally unhappy An Instance may be given of this case in a Gentlewoman committed to my care of a Sanguine Constitution who walking in the Fields presently after a free evacuation by Sweat was surprized with cold blasts of Wind shutting up the cutaneous Pores and stopping her Menstrua which were then in motion whereupon the ill-affected Blood had a recourse to the Heart producing great Fears and despairing Thoughts and quick pulsations and afterward the Atrabilarian Blood being impelled by the Carotide Arteries into the substance of the Brain did infect the Liquor and Spirits with saline and sulphureous Atomes and pervert the operations of her imagination Memory and Reason accompanied with dreadful passions rendring her most unquiet in the sad apprehensions of infernal fire and pains which all cease upon repeated Bleeding in the Foot and by application of Leeches to the Haemorrhoidal Veins and a course of cordial and cephalick Medicines perfectly restoring her by Gods assistance and blessing to the former use of all the Faculties of her reason and inward and outward Senses to the great joy and satisfaction of her Friends and Relations and the Glory of the All-Wise and Sovereign Physician of Body and Soul As to the cure of Melancholy in a general notion The cure of Melancholy is in a great part effected by the defaecation of the Blood in reference to its
Disease to advise gentle Purgatives prepared with proper alteratives at once purging of the Atrabilarian Humors Cooling and moist Medicines are useful in a Melancholick distemper and giving alay to the other by cooling and moist Medicines which do countermand the hot and dry disposition and sweeten the acide and saline parts of the Blood As the root of Polypode of the Oak Epithymum Caruway seed boiled in water with a little Wine Senna Rubarb Agarick Tamarinds adding at last a purging Syrupe of Apples or Syrupe of Peach-Flowers c. Pilulae Tartareae Bontii Purging Pills Quercetani de succino quickned with a little Resine of Jalape or Scammony or Extract of Rudius Tartar vitriolated and in strong constitutions of Body Extract of black Hellebore Gum Ammoniac dissolved in Cinnamon-water Resine of Scammony Jalape c. may be advised Purgative Powders Purgative Powders given in Posset-drink as Diasenna Diaturbeth as also Rubarb Agarick Senna Lapis-lazuli powdered and given in Posset-drink prepared with Small Beer and White-wine in which you may add Syrupe of Apples Syrupe of Roses-solutive of Peach-Flowers of Buckthorn c. Purgatives may be advised frequently once in Five or Six days Benigne Purgatives are most laudable in this Disease and let them be prepared with benigne Medicines which do not offer a violence to Nature by reason strong Medicines have a malignant temper which do irritate the ill Humors of the Blood and vitiate it and the nervous Liquor and give an irregular motion to the Animal Spirits and aggravate the Disease If the Body be bound a Clyster may be injected of a common decoction prepared with some gentle purging Electuary or rather with purging Syrupes and common Sugar Testaceous Powders Testaceous Powders given in some proper Apozemes or in clarified Whey made of Crabs claws Egg shels c. and of Pearl Coral Crabs Eyes and the like may be given in Posset-drink or Whey or some alterative Apozeme prepared with some of the Five opening Roots of the Leaves of Borage Betony the Flowers of Cowslips Water-Lilies Ivory shavings Pippins Raisins of the Sun c. and sweetned with Syrupe of Cowslips or Water-Lilies to which may be added some compound Briony or Paeony water Decoctions of China Sarza in which may be infused the tops of Pine and Firr the Flowers of Cowslips Water-Lilies Borage Bugloss and being strained may be sweetned with the alterative Syrupe of Apples Water-Lilies Cowslips Wood-Sorrel and the like which do contemperate and moisten the hot and dry temper of melancholick Persons and dulcify the saline parts of the Blood which are a main ingredient in this disconsolate phanciful Disease The Third Indication The vital Indication denotes Medicines coroborating the Brain A Cephalick Electuary being vital doth consist in the conservation of the affected parts and doth denote corroborating Medicines which do strengthen the Brain and repair the decays of Nature In this case Electuaries may be proper made of the Conserves of Lime-Flowers Lily of the Valley Water-Lilies Cowslips Gilly-Flowers the Powders of Pearl Crabs Eyes Crabs Claws Coral Candid Rine of Citron or Mirabolans to which Syrupe of Water-Lilies may be added to make it into the consistence of an Electuary After which may be drank a draught of Cephalick Julape A Cephalick Julape made with the distilled Waters of Lime-Flowers Lillie of the Valley Black Cherries compound Paeony sweetned with Syrupe of Cowslips Water-Lilies In this case a Magistral distilled Water may be very advantageous A Cephalick distilled Water Take of the Leaves of Betony Borage Bugloss Water-cresses Brooklime Balm of the Flowers of Cowslips Water-Lilies Lily of the Valley of the chips of Citrons Auranges Limons Nutmegs distilled in Whey made with fragrant Apples to which may be added a little White-wine Apozemes also are useful in Melancholy An Apozeme prepared with the Roots and Leaves of Polypode of the Oak Hartshorn Ceterack Epithymum Water-Germander Water-Cresses and Millepedes bruised of which some may be boiled in a close Pipkin and being strained may be sweetened with double or treble refined Sugar After a Chalybeate course the Waters of Epsam Barnet Northal The purging Mineral Waters or Dulige may be drank as preparatory to the Waters of Tunbridge Rotherfield as good as any of the Acidulae or the Spaw-waters of York-shire The diuretick Waters which are to be taken with a proper method of Physick else they may prove very prejudicial Whey also may be very beneficial prepared with the tops of Pine and Firr or with Brooklime Water-Cresses the Flowers of Cow-slips Lime Lily of the Valley Water-Lilies c. Broths also may be given made with a Chicken or Pullet A Medicinal Broth. and with the Leaves of Polypode of the Oak Wood-Sorrel or with Borage Bugloss Pearl Barley to which may be added the Shavings of Hartshorn and Ivory CHAP. LXVIII Of a Mania or Madness THE Mania Madness is near akin to Melancholy or Madness hath much affinity with Melancholy and degenerates into Madness as the Atribilarian Humor groweth more exalted and mixed with acide Recrements it is turned into a Maniack disposition and the Vital Spirits being highly enflamed do enrage the Animal productive of Madness which attendeth Melancholy as the flame is ushered in by Smoak This Disease may be defined The definition of Madness a Delirium or depravation of the Imagination and Reason without Fear and Sadness the attendants of Melancholy with fury boldness and great clamors and rantings derived from saline sulphureous Particles arising first out of the Blood and afterward imparted to the Animal Liquor and Spirits Some Physicians suppose Madness to be an elevated Melancholy Madness supposed to be an elevated Melancholy as the saline sulphureous Particles of the Atrabilarian Humor are only more exalted producing more symptomes of Rage boldness horrid out-crys c. But I humbly conceive this Disease doth not differ gradually but specifically as coming from various causes and accompanied with higher symptomes by reason Melancholy is accompanied with Fear and Sorrow and Madness with Fury and Boldness flowing from nitro-sulphureous parts of the vital Liquor making a hot Fermentative disposition of the nervous Juyce enraging the Animal Spirits The subject of this Disease is the fibrous Compage of the Brain The subject of Madness composed of numerous Fibrils containing the nervous Liquor generated of albuminous parts of the Blood the subject and vehicle of the Animal Spirits which move between the Filaments of minute Nerves in a great hurry and most irregular manner The turbulent symptomes of this furious malady The symptomes of Madness is a depravation of the phancy and intellect importuned with storms of impetuous Thoughts expressed in furious Language and ranting Gestures of tearing Cloaths biting the Tongue and offering violent hands to themselves These horrid Signs Symptomes of this Disease are illustrated by Mineral Waters arising out of the ill tone of the Animal Spirits Dr.
Willis illustrates by Mineral Waters Cap. 12. De Mania Pag. 345. Primo Aquae Stygiae particulae smmme agiles irrequietae in motu perpetuo existunt hinc ut effluvia aliis decedentia nares continuo feriant atque liquor e vase effusus corporibus quibusq aliis occurrens valde effervescat eorumque poros meatus penetrat cujus ratio est quod particulae salinae sulphureis Conjunctae seinvicem exagitant cumque nullis alias generis cohaerent pariter opinari licet Spiritus Animales e sanguine uberiori quasi nitro sulphureo extillatos insigni mobilitate five inquietudine praeditos esse qui proinde e cerebri meditullio quaquaversus tum in ambitum ejus tum in systema nervosum expansi indeque perpetim rereflexi phantasmata efferata fere nunquam interrupta atque functionis tam sensitivae tum locomotivae inordinationes maximas perpetuas producunt The steams exhaling out of the nitrous Spirits of Mineral Liquors do not arise out of free and open Pores but do form new Meatus and perforate Bodies upon which they have an influx and render them feeble and turn them into innumerable Atomes which is most evident in the solution of Metals caused by proper Menstrua impregnated with nitrous and vitriolick Salts which emit innumerable restless Effluvia making troublesome Appulses upon the nervous Fibrils seated in the inward Membrane encircling the inside of the Nostrils and somewhat in a Maniack Disease the disposition of the Animal Spirits being infected with the steams and ill Liquor of the Blood are rendred very impetuous in their motion making many new Tracts in the Brain between the nervous Fibrils receding from the common road of the Animal Spirits whereupon they wander and produce absurd Conceptions in the understanding and phancy and make incongruous enunciations by compounding things present with things past and to come and confounding right notions by their disorderly conjunction with opposite and contrary sentiments And it may be observed that many vaporous minute Atomes arising out of nitro-sulphureous Spirits do not confine themselves within narrow bounds as steams ascending out of acide Liquors but do diffuse themselves every way at a distance which may be easily experimented when Spirit of Nitre is embodied with Butire of Antimony whereupon the whole room may be infected with a Black Fume arising out of those stygian Liquors or when Aqua-fortis or Spirit of Nitre doth ascend out of the Alembick a most sharp vapour being diffused from thence doth affect the Nostrils and Lungs seated at a distance which happens by the various Particles of fluide Salt and fierce Sulphure espousing each other which do exalt these different Elements and promote their activity at a distance by making them to expatiate themselves to a remote Sphaere in which they briskly exert their operations After the same method the Animal Spirits seem to deport themselves in Mad persons as Dr. Willis hath observed The manner how the Animal Spirits move in mad persons Pari equidem modo circa Spiritus Animales in Maniacis habere videtur qui siquidem ejusdem ac aquae stygiae indolis fuerint idcirco tum cerebri Compagem tum appendicem citissime trajicientes aflectos non tantum furiosos sed velut Daenioniacos efficiunt adeo ut metu aut languore quoque immunes quodvis audaciter aggrediantur sese intrepidos objiciunt etiam ob prodigiosas Spirituum exertiones robore immani polleant vincula Catenas saepe disrumpant atque viros fortissimos iis obstantes coercere nitentes siâ—ul plures debellent Whereupon the Animal Spirits may seem in mad people The Animal Spirits in a Mania may seem to resemble the motion of Mineral Waters to resemble the steams arising out of the nitro-sulphureous Particles of Mineral Liquors as they are of a fierce restless Nature passing every way through the Interstices of the Compage of nervous Filaments seated in the Brain highly disordering its Oeconomy in reference to the higher and lower operations of rational sensitive and locomotive Faculty too placed at a distance from the Brain by reason the Nerves are greatly discomposed in the muscular parts of the Body caused by the enraged Animal Liquor and Spirits The continent or immediate cause of Madness The cause of Madness may be conceived to come not so much from adust Choler consisting much of sulphureous Particles afflicting the Brain as in Melancholy but from saline Particles rendred fluide and combining with ill tempered oily Particles of the Blood resembling a kind of Arsenick Sulphure depraving the nervous Liquor and enraging the Animal Spirits But a scruple may be made how these acide Humors mixed with malignant Sulphure can be generated in the Body to which it may be replyed that highly acrimonious Recrements may be in confaederacy with the Blood in Cacheotick Habits as I have often seen in persons committed to my care a a Physician Acide Humors may be discharged by Vomiting particularly in a person of Honour who frequently vomited a quantity of acide Humors and in a Doctor of Physick who was perpetually afflicted with violent pains of his Limbs proceeding from acide saline Particles of the Blood which appeared in a great proportion of sower salival Liquor flowing out of the Oral Glands which vitiated the masticated Aliment and spoiled the Chyle of the Stomach these ill conditioned Recrements do often infect the nervous Liquor and produce Apostemes foul and malignant Ulcers which are found in the parotide axillary and inguinal Glands and by reason the putrid Humors of these ulcered parts are thin and watry Acide Recrements of the Blood vitiate the Succus nervosus it is manifest they take much of their rise from the acide Recrements of the Blood vitiating the Succus nervosus having recourse to the said Glands the Colatories of it which often degenerates in Scorbutick Constitutions into a faetide corrosive Humor which sometime proveth cancrous And the reason seemeth plain because the nervous Liquor is impregnated with numerous Particles of volatil Salt which being depraved hath its more refined Atomes depressed as confaederated with the more fixed saline and serous parts of the Blood vitiating the genuine temper of the nervous Liquor in its first production whose volatil parts being gone as becoming fixed do easily degenerate into a Fluor and being accompanied with sulphureous Atomes do make a corrosive Liquor not much unlike Mineral Water which being of a Septick nature doth generate foul strumous and cancerous Ulcers in the Emunctories of the Body and in the Glands of the Tongue Palate and Breasts of Women and other parts This depraved nervous Liquor productive of Apostemes A depraved nervous Liquor may be the cause of many diseases Ulcers and Cancers in the Glandulous and nervous parts may be reasonably apprehended to vitiate the purity of the Animal Spirits residing in the nervous Liquor as their subject and vehicle which being endued with a hot
sulphureous and acide corrosive nature may be conceived to destroy the finer parts of the Animal Spirits the Ministers of the Faculties of Reason and Sense and beget a Maniack disposition of the Brain perverting the Oeconomy of the Brain in reference to its different operations attended with raging passions screeches and out-cries and unseemly gestures and motions of the Limbs This Disease taketh its rise The rise of Madness either immediately from the Animal Liquor and Spirits the chief instruments of the Soul in producing its nobler and meaner acts of Reason and Sense or more remotely from the Blood as the Materia substrata of the Succus nervosus A Madness arising out of the Animal Spirits either proceedeth from an evident cause Evident causes of Madness as some extravagant passion or from an ill affection of the Brain caused by a Phrensy or Melancholy whereupon a Madness often succeedeth A violent passion doth highly influence the Brain Violent passions may be the cause of Madness and enrage the nervous Juyce and Animal Spirits as it s more refined and spirituous particles by rendring the nervous Liquor and its Spirits highly fermentative restless and disorderly in wandring motions confounding the regular operations of the Brain accompanied with a Raging a Delirium and other horrid Symptomes occasioned by immoderate Anger great Disgrace or Shame or high passion of Love breach of Vows or scruples of Conscience which highly discomposing the peace of the Soul do generate a Maniack distemper of the Brain wherein the Spirituous parts of the nervous Liquor being debased the saline parts are exalted and brought to a Fluor and being espoused to sulphureous Particles derived from the Blood do weaken the Compage of the Brain and render the Animal Spirits fierce and unquiet making new Meatus and passages by over-much expanding the Interstices of the nervous Filaments and causing inordinate motions do produce delirous Phantasmes which being offered to the understanding do form unreasonable conceptions Sometimes the Animal Spirits are too much exalted Pride the cause of Madness by great apprehensions of our own perfections and the too low esteems of others or when Men unreasonably court Honours or when they are Masters of them are highly puffed up to the great unquiet and disturbance of their Minds whereupon the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits are put into a great agitation and ferment and at last acted with a Maniack affection Othertimes this Disease succeedeth Melancholy and the Phrensy A Madness succeeding Melancholy or Phrensy which have before indisposed the Brain and rendred it liable to Madness in the First being very high the Succus nervosus and its most spirituous Particles degenerate into an acide disposition which entring into fellowship with sulphureous Recrements coming from the Blood do produce so fierce a temper in the Animal Spirits that they generate a Mania A Phrensy is more akin to this Disease then Melancholy as it is accompanied with boldness and fury so that a Phrenitis is easily turned into a Mania The manner how Madness is generated as the Brain is clogged with a fiery temper arising out of nitrous and sulphureous Particles affecting the Succus nervosus and its more active Particles which being hurried in the fibrous Compage of the Brain do expand the Intetstices of the nervous Filaments and make new and wandring passages in them whereupon the Animal Spirits ranting in various progresses through the territories of the Brain make a Maniack Delirium and confound the acts of Reason and Imagination commonly called Madness This Disease most commonly borroweth its first rise from an ill mass of Blood in a great part vitiated with gross sulphureous Recrements Madness floweth chiefly from an ill mass of Blood sometimes caused by the ill tone of the Hepatick Glands not secerning the bilious from the more laudable parts of Blood produced sometimes by its grossness and by the straightness of the excretory Ducts of the Liver and othertimes by the obstruction or narrowness of the Meatus Cysticus and Choledochus whereby the Bile cannot be discharged into the Intestines so that it is forced to regurgitate into the Extremities of the Vena Cava and is thence carried with the Blood through the Right Ventricle of the Heart Lungs and Left Chamber of the Heart and afterward through the common ascendent Trunk and Carotide Arteries into the Cortex of the Brain wherein the Albuminous parts of the Blood being infected with sulphureous and nitrous Particles do spoil the nervous Liquor and Spirits producing a furious mad temper in the Brain And the acide Particles discomposing the Succus nervosus Madness coming from an ill-affected Pancreas and its more active parts in the production of Madness may claim in some part their Origen from an ill affected Pancreas whose numerous minute Glands having lost their due constitution cannot make a separation of the Recrements of the Blood from its pure substance or when the Origens of the excretory Vessels of the Glands or the common Pancreatick Duct are obstructed by the grossness or quantity of the pancreatick Juyce whereupon it being not transmitted into the Intestines is lodged sometimes in the Interstices of the Vessels where it being composed of Heterogenous Particles doth ferment and acquire greater degrees of acidity as being sometimes brought to a Fluor and afterward a stay being made in the spaces of the Vessels relating to the Glands the pancreatick Juyce is mixed with the Blood and carried by lesser Veins into the greater channel of the Cava and by other Veins and Arteries into the ambient parts of the Brain wherein the Christalline parts of the Blood as the Materia substrata of nervous Liquor being debased by acide saline and sulphureous Particles doth spoil the goodness and aeconomy of the Animal Spirits by giving them a high agitation and tumultuary motion in the fibrous frame of the Brain causing a furious disposition attended with great fierceness boldness clamor c. The Disease is hereditary in diverse Families Madness is sometimes hereditary who enjoy a regular use of their Reason and Imagination for many years and afterward are afflicted with the dreadful Malady of Madness which proceedeth at such a time from the due crasis of the Blood perverted and degenerating into a nitro-sulphureous disposition enraging the Animal Spirits and putting them into a high disorder in reference to a violent and unnatural motion And the reason of this hereditary Madness propagated from Parents to Children by way of Generation taketh its rise from the seminal Principle The cause of an hereditary Madness tainted with a Maniack affection which oftentimes exerteth it self after many years when the seeds of this Disease bear Fruit and come to maturity as fomented by ill Diet violent Passion Envy Pride Ambition or by some other severe accidents or disappointments in a troublesome course of life This hereditary Madness is not always continued but hath many lucid intervals and
frequently returneth again at the change of the Moon which is vulgarly called a Lunacy Sometimes Madness proceeds from an ill Diet Madness may come from an ill Diet. or from the suppression of accustomed evacuations by the Haemorrhoides Nostrils or Uterus in Women whereupon the Blood depressed by saline and sulphureous Particles being transmitted to the fibrous frame of the Brain doth enrage the Animal Liquor and Spirits and produce a Mania The Blood also being infected with a Venenate disposition This Disease may be propagated from the Venenate nature of Blood as in a Licanthropia Hydrophobia upon the biting of a Mad Dog doth cause Madness as the poisonous Miasmes are conveyed to the Blood and raise a high Fermentation in it and afterward in the nervous Liquor and its choice Spirits which giveth them a turbulent motion through the Interstices of the nervous Filaments confounding the true use of Reason and Imagination This Venenate affection lieth long in the Blood before it exerteth it self This Disease liâ—th long in a poisoned mass of Blood Before it exerteth it self as I have seen in one Dyer a Barber of Willington in Sussex who being bit by a Mad-Dog was well Three Months and then fell sick of a violent Fever attended with a raging Delirium and a foaming Mouth endeavouring to bite all that came near him and afterward died about the Fourteenth day of his sickness This venome infecting the Blood caused by the biting of a Mad Dog is mixed with the salival Liquor The manner how the poison flowing from the biting of a Mad Dog is conveyed to the Heart and first carried into the Veins of the ambient parts of the Body and then by greater and greater Channels is communicated to the Heart and Lungs and afterward by the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta and Carotide Arteries into the Cortical Glands of the Brain where it infected the nervous Liquor and Spirits lodged in the fibrous parts of the Brain whereupon the Animal Faculties lost their due Oeconomy and a raging Delirium ensued destructive of Reason Sense and Life Having given an account of the Essence and continent cause of this Disease it may not seem altogether amiss to speak somewhat of its symptomes following it as so many attendants So that this Disease is not accompanied with the sneaking guards of Fear and Sorrow as in Melancholy but with Boldness and Courage The symptomes of Madness The aetiology of the symptomes of this Disease attempting any assault though never so desperate which proceedeth from the enraged Vital and Animal Spirits acted with nitro-sulphureous Particles which render the Blood highly fermentative and spirited and put the Animal Spirits into irregular motion whereupon the Soul is so highly disordered as if it would violently leap out of the confines of the Body in which it seemeth to be imprisoned The active and fierce particles of the Blood put it into an extraordinary motion and great effervescence which highly acting the carnous Fibres of the Muscles do render them vigorous and strong able to encounter the great opposition of others that endeavour to master Mad men and bring them to obedience when they are guilty of extravagant actions offering violent hands to themselves and others and give great disturbance to the Families where they live and converse It is also very remarkable that Mad Men endure Labour and Travail Mad Men are highly patient of Labour and great conflicts without any manifest weariness which is occasioned as I humbly conceive from the nature of Vital and Animal Spirits which though they are impregnated with many volatil Particles yet they are also debased too with nitro-saline fixed Atomes which do confine the more subtle and spirituous parts of the Vital and Animal Liquor not suffering them to evaporate and quit those noble Juyces whereupon Mad Men when exposed to long and laborious action which is frequent with them are not easily tired but will fight and struggle in high fury to the wonder of the beholders This Disease often followeth Melancholy The cause of rage in Madness from bilious Particles of Blood An Instance of this case and is produced by a great ebullition of Blood rendring the Cortex of the Brain very dry whence ariseth a great fierceness of the Vital Spirits causing high boldness and fury A Citizen being first addicted to Melancholy afterward fell into a violent Distraction and Madness attended with Rage which could not be appeased by the power of Art and proper Medicines And after death the Skull being taken off the Cortex of the Brain appeared very dry and of friable nature an Inch deep where it was hued with Yellow as tinged with bilious or sulphureous Particles of the Blood In this Malady the Brain is often tumefied The Brain is often swelled in Madness taking its rise from a great quantity of Black torrefied blood sometimes extravasated and other times lodged in the Vessels making them varicose and knotty A Child complaining first of a great pain of his Head An example of a tumefied Brain in a Mania afterward fell into a high distraction howling like a Dog and so continued till he died And his Skull being removed the Brain was very much swelled and the Dura and Pia mater had their Vessels very turgid with Black Blood which was also very much lodged in the Sinus and torcular of the Brain and in the more inward parts of it were discovered a great many Red specks coming from Particles of extravasated Blood and afterward the lower Region of the Brain being opened a quantity of serous Recrements gushed out Other times Madness issueth from putrefaction of the Coats and substance of the Brain out of which arise sharp and fierce Humors Madness coming from the putrefaction of the Coats and substance of the Brain The difference of Madness infesting the Animal Liquor and Spirits which hath been observed in Dissections This Disease admitteth many descriminations as being sometimes of a small continuance othertimes lasting and habitual sometimes continued and other times hath lucid intervals and is very various in reference to its several symptomes and distractions As to the Prognosticks of this Disease it is seldom mortal but very difficult to be cured by reason the Blood and nervous Liquor are highly disordered with nitro-sulphureous Particles which are hardly removed and the Patients affected with this Malady can scarcely be perswaded to take Medicines as being Enemies to themselves as well as Physicians The Cure of Madness importeth as great a difficulty as advantage oftentimes successive to Melancholy and Phrensy in which Three The Indications First is the Curative the primary Indications do offer themselves The First is Curative relating to the Disease and consisteth in the reducing the exorbitancies of the Animal Spirits to a due and regular motion The Second Indication is preservatory The Second is Preservatory and is referred to the causes of the Disease to correct
the nitro-sulphureous Particles of the Blood enraging the Animal Liquor and Spirits The Third Indication is Vital The Third is Vital as it supporteth Strength and Life and denoteth restorative and corroborating Medicines and wholsome Diet easy of digestion as not being of too high a nourishment which ever feedeth the Disease rather then the Patient The Curatory Indication The means advised in the Curatory Indication is much assisted by the prudent conduct of Friends and Servants giving good Council sometimes and othertimes threats blows and bonds which often awe the servile refractory temper of Mad Men who else will not be governed in the taking of Aliment and Medicines and will not submit themselves unless they be over-powred by force to which they are as passive as Brutes with whom they hold some Analogy as destitute of Reason And nothing more reduceth this kind of Patients to a perfect understanding Severity is very powerful in the cure of Madness and perfect enjoyment of themselves then by the severe Treatment of their Bodies whereupon a high restraint rendreth them humble and submissive whereby the arrogance and fierceness of Mad People being subdued they return to themselves in the regular exercise of their rational and sensitive Faculties As to a course in Physick Free Bleeding is very proper in Madness nothing is more beneficial then free Bleeding which giveth an allay to the fierceness of it by taking away its quantity and height and abateth the tumultuary motion of the Blood and Animal Spirits through the fibrous Compage of the Brain to this end an apertion of Veins may be frequently celebrated if it be consistent with strength in the Arm The opening of the Temporal Artery is very good in this Disease Neck Veins of the Forehead and above all I conceive the opening of the temporal Artery may speak an advantage to the Patient in this Malady as it letteth out some of the enraged mass of Blood whose motion and fury is most eminent in the Artery and by this operation I have seen very good success in this Malady as it evacuates some part of the hot furious Blood that the rest may be the more easily contemperated by the application of cooling Medicines Vomitories are very beneficial in this Disease Vomitortes are very advantageous in Madness as it dependeth upon Blood tainted with nitro-sulphureous Particles often proceeding from the obstruction of the Liver Pancreas and other Viscera which are opened in reference to their excretory Ducts by the violent motion of the Stomach drawing the Guts into consent whereupon they violently contracting themselves upward in an inverted peristaltick motion do throw up Bile and acide Recrements out of the Intestines into the Stomach whereby the Blood being depurated giveth less annoyance to the Head Take of an infusion of Crocus or Sulphure of Antimony prepared with some grains of Tartar or some grains of White Hellibore or Mercurius vitae given in some proper vehicle Mercurial Medicines Mercurial Medicines often prove successful in Madness given with Purgatives or without as of Calamelanos of it self or quickned with some few grains of Turpeth Minerale move a salivation and often discharge an habitual Madness by reason sometimes a great evacuation of salival Liquor coming of it self without the help of Art doth cure a Maniack disposition Strong Purgatives do also speak a great advantage in order to the cure of this stubborn Malady as they depress the height of the fierce Humors Strong Purgatives are good in this Disease and lessen the quantity of the saline serous and sulphureous parts of the Blood and nervous Liquor conjunct causes of this Disease as the infusion of Black Hellebore in White-wine and Water prepared with Tartar and Seeds of Caraway or Coriander as the Decoctum Sen. Gereonis prepared with Epithymum Mechoacan Turpeth c. As also a Bolus of Extract of Helebore with Calamelanos c. As also Pilulae Coch. Min. Faetid Major hightened with some grains of the Trochichs of Ashandal or Resin of Scammony or Jalap The preservatory Indication hath relation to the cause of this Disease The preservatory Indication consisteth much in sweetning the mass of Blood and doth much take off the nitrous and sulphureous parts of the Blood and correct the Acrimony of the nervous Liquor and irregular motion of the Animal Spirits A Mineral of Cristal or Nitre well prepared as also Spirit of Sulphure The Blood may be allayed by Minerals or Vitriol incrassating the thin and hot mass of Blood and attemperating the raging quality are very beneficial in appeasing the violent motion of the Blood and the nervous Liquor and Spirits Chalybeat Syrupes Tinctures Electuaries mixed with cooling Medicines Chalybeatâ— are very proper in a Maniack disposition Diet-drink do speak a great allay to the furious Blood and extravagant motion of the Animal Liquor and its more refined Particles by drinking now and then a draught of Diet-drink made with Sarza or China in which the Flowers of Water-Lilies Cowslips or Lily of the Valley may be boiled and it being strained may be sweetned with Syrupe of Water-Lilies or Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley Whey Clarified prepared with the Flowers of Water-Lilies Betony Clarified Whey prepared with Water-Lilies Cowslips c. may be given for an ordinary drink in this case As also Emulsions prepared with the cooling Seeds White Poppy blanched Almonds c. may be of great use Decoctions of the tops of Borage Bugloss fragrant Apples Decoctions of Borage c. the shavings of Ivory the Flowers of Borage Violets Cowslips Water-Lilies c. are very profitable As also Apozemes of Pimpernel having a Blew Flower St. Johns-wort c. Electuaries also prepared with Conserves of Flowers of Water-Lilies Electuaries Lily of the Valley Cowslips cooling Seeds powdered as Powder of Haley c. made up with Syrupe of Water-Lillies drinking immediately after it a draught of cooling or specifique Apozeme The vital Indication hath a regard to the preservation of Strength Cordiaâ—â— as the said Electuary As also an Electuary made with Sage Flowers Rosemary Paeony Cowslips Water-Lilies which contemperate the hot disposition of the Brain and corroborate it After which a draught may be taken immediately prepared with Flowers of Betony Rorismary Sage or Tey and the like sweetned with Syrupe of Cowslips or Water-Lilies In point of Diet all strong and full nourishment is to be avoided as keeping the Blood high and enraged wherefore it is more reasonable to advise a thin Diet of Water-gruel Barley-Cream thin broth of a Chicken Mutton Veal c. Hypnoticks may be proper in this Disease And by reason Sleep is very requisite to compose the unquiet Animal Spirits gentle Hypnoticks may be advised of Cowslips or Red Poppy-water or that of Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley with some Cinnamon-water distilled with Barley and Syrupe of Poppy In reference to Madness proceeding from the biting of
Texture of it is ill framed as being over-clouded by gross Fumes or Vapors or as being too dense and compact making it too opaque so that the lucid Particles of the Animal Spirits not able to diffuse themselves through the gross substance of the Brain do leave it unapt for the performance of its Functions whereupon this Disease is sometimes hereditary as propagated from Parents to their Children by gross seminal principles which are affected with the ill frame of the Brain and its gross nervous Liquor and Spirits which are ingredients in the genital Liquor producing an ill Compage and Substance in the Brain of Children In some Fenny Air may concur to the production of this Disease the dull gross fenny Air hath a great influence on the Blood and nervous Liquor of the Inhabitants so that Men were styled Fools in Baeotia as breathing in a thick Air wonderfully discomposing their Wit and rational Faculties rendring them senseless and stupid An ill Conformation of the â—rain may generate Mopishnes Beside these preternatural indispositions of the Brain another doth disaffect it which is an ill Conformation as the Interstices of the Filaments are so narrow and small that the nervous Liquor and Spirits want a free passage through the fibrous Compage of the Brain whereupon their Animal operations are not duely celebrated and these spaces of the Filaments are not only too close but sometimes over laxe as being clogged with serous Recrements spoiling the nervous frame of the Brain of its due tenseness much hindring the progress of the Succus Nervosus and its more noble Particles the immediate instruments of the sensitive The narrow Interestices of the nervous Filaments productive of this Disease and intellectual Powers Sometimes the close Interstices of the nervous Filaments do associate with gross unactive Animal Spirits which so dull the Brain that it cannot exert its operations whereupon the Succus Nervosus and its crass Particles cannot act the nervous Compage of the Brain as losing their free motion in the over-straight spaces of the nervous threads which do cause a want or dulness of Wit and Judgment There are many evident causes productive of this Disease The evident causes of Mopishness as an ill mass of Blood and nervous Liquor proceeding from an ill Air gross Diet deep Thoughts and Passions of the Mind which render the Animal Spirits unactive causing oftentimes a stupid indisposition and defect of Sense and Reason Sometimes the generous Particles of the Blood and nervous Liquor The vital and nervous Liquor sometime grow Effecte in this Disease do evaporate and grow effaete and vapide as generous Wine having lost its oily and volatil Particles turneth faint and paled whereupon young Men growing old lose the perfection of the vital and nervous Liquor and the Animal Spirits acquire a dull sluggish disposition not fit for motion The Blood and Animal Liquor is often enervated by Luxury Venery Luxury destroyeth the purity of the Animal Liquor and ill Diet whereupon the Body is rendred sick and decayed and the Compage of the Brain loseth its tenseness as growing flaccide in Hypocondriack Bodies and the nervous substance of the Brain suffereth a great weakness and resolution in frequent Convulsive motions in Apoplexies Convulsive motions often produce Mopishness Hysterick Fits Epilepsies and the like so that I have seen some become Mopes and Stupid after many fits of Cephalick Diseases Early Wit in Children often degenerates into dulness according to the vulgar proverb soon Ripe soon Rotten Early Wits degenerate into Dulness by reason the finer parts of the Succus Nervosus being over-active and thin do often quit their subject and leave it gross and spiritless making the Brain unfit to perform its operations Great strokes upon the Head making concussions of the Brain Great strokes upon the Head hinder the motion of the Animal Spirits do hinder the due and regular motion of the Animal Spirits in the spaces placed between the nervous Filaments and make Men dull and sottish and sometimes Mad. When Men frequently indulge themselves in the immoderate use of Wine Ale Brandy and Strong-waters their Stomach loseth its concoctive Faculty making an ill Chyle and mass of Blood consisting of Heterogeneous fermentative Elements which destroy the purity of the vital and nervous Liquor rendring the Animal Spirits unable to perform the functions of the Mind The frequent and too great Doses of Opiats do incrassate the mass of Blood and nervous Liquor and are endued with a malignant Temper Opiates too frequently administred do beget Mopishness very offensive to the Animal Spirits by rendring them Effaete and Vapide and unfit for motion so that the Brain loseth its Tone and cannot well accomplish the acts of Sense and Reason often making Men Mopes and Sots Violent passions of the Mind as a pannick Fear and deep Sorrow Violent passions do produce this Disease and the like do strike so great a terror that they unman the Patient and confound the regular motion of the Succus Nervosus and Animal Spirits rendring a Man stupid and sensless and not able to make provision for the preservation of his Life and Person as being betrayed by passion in time of Battle So that as the Wise man saith Fear betrayeth those succors that Reason offereth Melancholick and Hypocondriacal Persons sometimes acquire a Morosis Deep Thoughts sometimes cause Mopishness which happens to persons of deep Thoughts often addicted to the Study of Learning whereupon the Animal Spirits are depauperated and the acts of Sense and Reason diminished or wholly abolished in Fops So that Thoughtful and Studious persons often propagate Fools as they over-much indulge deep Meditations which do much employ the Succus Nervosus and its more noble Particles in the Brain hindring their progress down toward the Testicular Glands wherein the Seminal Liquor wanting a due proportion of nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits as their excellent Element cannot produce a well-disposed Brain whence ensueth a defect of right Reason and Sense These Diseases of Stupidity and Mopishness The distinction of Mopishness The First hath a defect of Memory c. if strictly inquired into may admit a distinction as the First hath a defect of Memory Imagination and Judgement so that the persons affected with stupidity are not well apprehensive of notions nor judicious in the right consideration of things and treat others with ridiculous Language and Gestures but that Mopish persons have somewhat more of the use of Reason is manfest as understanding simple notions and retaining them sometime in their Memory A defect of Judgement sometimes a cause of Mopishness but by reason of a defect in Judgment cannot compound and divide the notices of things and entertain their companions sometimes with frivilous impertinent discourses and other times with dull Silence and refractory Humors Our aim at this time is to give an account of both of them
Mopishness may be derived from other Diseases as they proceed from diverse Causes some being accidental as Mopishness flowing from other diseases of Madness Hypocondriacal distempers Hysterick Epileptick and Apoplectick Fits c. Whereupon the Succus Nervosus is often thickened and effaete as having lost its more volatil saline Particles whereupon the Animal Spirits are rendred few and pawled as having lost their more fine Particles whereby they become disabled to exert the Animal Faculties And I humbly conceive Mopishness may proceed from a natural defect of Sense and Reason that Stultitia or Stupidity ariseth out of a natural defect of Sense and Reason proceeding from the ill Figure and Conformation of the Brain and when the Succus Nervosus and its more select Particles are naturally indisposed as being hereditary imparted from vitiated seminal Liquor of Parents which is much more difficult to be cured A hereditary Mopishness then the acquisite diaffection of Mopishness which in time by due methods of Physick may be cured in some degree As to the Prognosticks of Stupidity The Prognosticks of Mopishness if it be in a high degree wholly or for the most part cancelling the acts of right Reason and Imagination especially if it be Connate and Hereditary doth shew it incurable yet Children that are somewhat stupid and dull in the acts of Wit and Judgment in riper years get their parts more elevated and obtain a better use of Reason and Sense as having the temper of the Succus Nervosus and Animal Sprits endred more refined and volatil If this Disease be accidental and acquisite as proceeding from some gentle Cephalick Diseases it may be cured and the Animal Faculties return to their regular operations But if Stupidity or rather Mopishness be derived from an inveterate Epilepsy or a Lethargy Coma Carus or Apoplexy the Malady proveth incurable as having the Crasis of the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits wholly perverted If a Lethargy be not of any long continuance as also a Comatose indisposition it may admit a Cure and the Animal Powers and their acts may be reduced in some degree if not fully to their Original temper as having the Brain and its peculiar Juyce and Spirits repaired by a proper course of Physick which I have seen in many of my Patients Sometimes this Disease is it be not too deeply radicated having not long perverted the Oeconomy a supervening Fever in some sort may produce a Cure as refining the Blood and nervous Liquor and Spirits by Fermentation whereupon their impure Recrements are thrown off by Urine and a free transpiration through the excretory Ducts of the Skin so that the Vital and Animal Liquor being depurated the Spirits recover much of their former Crasis As to the Cure of this Disease This Disease in some case may admit a Cure if it do not arrive to a great degree of Stupidity but rather an extraordinary dulness in the exercise of the acts of Reason and Sense it may in some sort admit a recovery by the assistance of a good Tutor as well as a Physician which may contribute much by good Rules and Precepts of Art to the advancement of heavy parts affected with a mean apprehension and Judgment The advice of a Physitian may be proficuous as giving good prescriptions of proper Medicines to depurate the Vital and Animal Liquor and Spirits by rendring them active and volatil and by dispelling the dark Clouds and Vapours of the Brain to make way for the reception of lucid Particles perfective of the Animal Spirits the immediate instruments of the Animal Powers In plethorick Bodies labouring of Stupidity and Mopishness Bleeding may be used with good success in this Disease a Vein may be opened in the Neck Forehead Arm as also Leeches may be applied to the Haemorrhoidal Veins Fontanels may be made in the Arm Neck between the Shoulders Footanels proper in Mopishness or in the inside of the Thigh or Leg to divert gross Recrements from the Brain and relieve the Blood and nervous Liquor and its more spirituous Particles whereupon they become more fit instruments to celebrate the operations of the Brain Purging Medicines prepared with Cephalicks Purging Medicines prepared with Cephalicks may be very proper in these Diseases to refine the Blood and Succus Nervosus so that the Animal Spirits may be exalted and the Crasis of the Brain rendred laudable duely to exert the acts of Imagination Memory and Reason Apozemes are very advantageous made of Lime-Flowers Cephalick Apozemes Lily of the Valley Betony Sage Rorismary to which may be added Compound Paeony-water Syrupe of Paeony Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley Spirit of Hartshorn and Salt of Ammoniack succinated Spirits may be given in a draught of Black-Cherry Water Lime Water or Lily of the Valley Paeony and the like Morning and Evening A Magistral distilled Water may be good A Magistral distillâ—d Water prepared with the Flowers of Betony Sage Majoram the Flowers of Rorismary Sage Lime Lily of the Valley Paeony Nutmegs and besprinkle them with Canary for Twelve hours and afterward distill them in a large quantity of Milk in a Rose Still to this distilled Water may be added a small quantity of Compound Paeony or Compound Briony Water or a small proportion of Spirit of Lavender Or in a draught of this distilled Water may be given some drops of the tincture of Castor Amber or Elixir Proprietatis c. An Electuary prepared with the Conserves of the Flowers of Sage Cephalick Electuarie Rorismary Betony Lime Lily of the Valley mixed with Condite Eringo Roots or Citron-Pill or that of Auranges Limons Powder of Castor Amber Paeony-Roots made up with Syrupe of Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley drinking after it a good draught of the distilled Water above advised Ale Ale medicated with Cephalicks medicated with Flowers of Sage Betony Lime Lily of the Valley Rorismary Cubebs Nutmegs Mace c. may be very beneficial in these Diseases Balsamick Ointments Topicks may be safely administred and Emplaisters made of Cephalicks as also Fomentations of the same kind may be applied to the Head shaved as also Caps quilted with the Flowers of Lime Lily of the Valley Sage Betony Lavender Rorismary Spices of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Galangal c. Linements of Balsame of Tolu natural Balsame Capivium Oil of Nutmegs and Mace by expression may be administred to the Head when shaved with good success CHAP. LXX Of Convulsions and Convulsive Motions IN the Pathology of the Brain my intention is to Treat of a Convulsion The difference of Convulsions and Convulsive motions and how it differeth from Convulsive Motions as the one disagreeth from the other in several positions of the Muscles and duration of their involuntary motions In a Convulsion the Limbs and other parts of the Body have a constant rigid posture rendring them so stiff that they cannot at all bend or else without great difficulty be
the Disease and shaddow unto you the state of the Disease which being considered in its Paroxysm is more universal in Extent and severe in its Nature whence the subtle Particles of the Animal Latex commonly styled Spirits in reference to their Volatil Spirituous nature are the chief Guests of the Brain and are fiercely and inordinately moved drawing into consent their neighboring parts inhabiting both the Medullary and Nervous Appendages and thereby as it were conjure up stupendous storms and tempests made up of great impure Vaporous Matter darting it self into the Serous Liquor of the Brain which is thence violently forced into its Nervous outlets causing as it were a Hurricane making such a violent contusion of the Nerves and Fibres that it striketh down the Patient in the twinkling of an Eye with admirable violence to the ground where he laboreth under great vibrations of the Head and Neck grindings of the Teeth froth about the Mouth frequent motions of the Limbs against the ground and now and then the Precordia and Hypoconders are puffed up with great and frequent strokes upon the Breast So that the Precordia being Convulsed can make but disorderly Contractions and the Blood ready to quit its motion to the great oppression of the Heart threatneth the putting out of the gentle flame of Life whence the Patient not by any direction of the Will but a meer instinct of Nature giveth many repeated strokes upon the Thorax whence arise brisk concussions of the Precordia which prove as so many sollicitations to revive their drooping motions to redeem the Blood from Stagnation and the Heart from its load and perplexity so that sometimes all these sad Scenes are quickly changed and afterwards are represented more pleasant Interludes of ease and repose And now I will omit any farther discourse of this Disease designing to give a more full History in the next Chapter And in order to give you a more clear and general account of Convulsive motions which highly aggrieve the Brain and its rational and sensitive functions two considerables do chiefly offer themselves the Subject and the Causes of this Disease As to the first I humbly conceive it to be the tender fibrous Compage of the Brain which being endued with acute sense The subject of Convulsive motions is liable to many preternatural and irregular motions sometimes of the Fibrils other times of the middle and extremities of the Nerves besetting the Brain Viscera and other parts of the Body In Malignant Fevers and other Diseases of the Body The origen of the afflicted in Convulsive motions the Venenate nature as also other saline and sulphureous Particles of the Blood do infect the Nervous Liquor in the Cortex of the Brain which being entertained into the extremities do highly disorder the origens of the Nerves The body and middle of the Nerves concerned in Convulsions and as the Animal Liquor tainted with heterogeneous Particles is farther transmitted into the fibrous Compage of the Brain and other more remote parts of the middle and lowest Apartiment it violently annoyeth the middle and body of the Nerves as infesting their numerous Plexes And when the irritating Humors are carried into the Muscles and remote Coasts of the Body affecting the membranous and tendinous parts they may be properly said to be seated in the extremities and terminations of the Nerves The termination of the Nerves affected in Convulsive motions The causes of Convulsive motion The evident cause may be evident when the Succus Nervosus or Animal Spirits are discomposed and the fibrous Compage of the Brain being much debilitated is violently agitated by vehement Passions The Procatarctick cause of Convulsive motions supposeth a disposition of Humors in the Body The Procatarctick cause of this Disease which being endued with highly Fermentative Elements of the Blood do vitiate the Animal Liquor and Spirits by rendring them too Elastick highly expanding the Filaments of the Nervous Fibrils whereupon they briskly contract themselves to discharge the offensive Particles of the Nervous Juice The continent cause of Convulsive motions The continent cause of Convulsive motions cannot be derived from Inanition and Repletion the Antients have fetched from Inanition and Repletion which they illustrate by an instance of Lether or Musical Strings which contract themselves when moistned with much Air or shrunk up with much drought this Opinion seemeth very improbable by reason the abbreviation of the Nerves cannot produce variety of postures in the Muscles proceeding from irritated Humors putting the Nerves into various irregular motions and farthermore the being macerated in a great quantity of watry Recrements in an Anasarca are rendred weak and flaccid whereby they become unable to produce strong Convulsive motions The continent cause of Convulsive motions which are acted by the Elastick Particles of the Blood caused by nitro-sulphureous Particles depraving the Nervous Liquor puffing up the Filaments of the Nerves whereupon they make a great renitence or opposition by powerful contractions to squeeze out the offensive Matter disquieting the Animal Spirits and irritating the tender Filaments of Nerves The Convulsive motions are more or less universal as the Succus Nervosus infected with Nitro-saline or acid Ferments is carried out of the fibrous Compage of the Brain into a greater or less company of Nerves so that the Tendons of more or fewer Muscles are unnaturally contracted whence proceed great variety of horrid Symptoms attending several parts of the Body which may be reduced principally to Three Heads The first may proceed from a poysonous nature The second from Malignant Fevers not well determined whereupon the matter of the Disease being not duly discharged is carried into the fibrous Compage of the Brain and into the many pairs of Nerves sprouting out of the Brain The third Head of Convulsive motions may take its rise from the Succus Nervosus losing its native sweet bounty and degenerating into a sharpe acid Fermentative Liquor highly afflicting the Animal Spirits and productive of Convulsive motions CHAP. LXXI Of the Falling-Sickness HAving treated of Convulsion and Convulsive motions under a general Notice I will now discourse of them in particular of the Falling-Sickness attended with a dismal rout of Convulsive agitations of the Muscular Parts seated in the Limbs and Trunk of the Body This terrible Disease hath many appellatives fetched from the nature properties and symptoms of it And is styled by the Greeks The Names of the Falling-sickness 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the sudden seisure of the functions of the rational and sensitive Faculties And 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 either because it is a great Disease or as a miraculous Disease coming from a Divine power And is called by Hipocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by reason it is familiar to Children and named by the Latines Caducus a Cadendo and Comitialis as persons labouring of this Disease are interdicted the Comitia And hath the denomination of Lunaticus
by reason the Paroxisms do often invade in the New and Full of the Moon This Disease may be discovered by peculiar Diagnosticks The Diagnosticks of an Epilepsy as the Patient is of a suddain surprized with this Malady and loseth the use of Reason and Sense accompanied with a violent Fall froth about the Mouth and nashing of Teeth frequent strokes of the Breast and Convulsive motions of the Limbs and sometimes an universal stiffness of the whole Body and an instation of the Hypocondres and Belly and the Symptoms cease of a suddain and the Patient is reendued with Sense and Reason An Epilepsy may admit this description The description of the Falling-sickness of being an Abolition of the chief functions of the Brain as well as Sense and voluntary Motion which is associated with Convulsive agitations of the Muscular parts proceeding from an inordinate motion of the Animal Spirits disaffecting the fibrous Compage of the Brain and the various Plexes of Nerves furnishing the Muscles of the Limbs and Trunk of the Body Sometimes the Fits of an Epilepsy do make their Paroxysms at set times of the Day Month or Year according to the Conjunctions of Planets The Fits of an Epilepsy observe set times as of the Sun Moon or their Opposite Aspects and other times the Epileptick Paroxysms observe no certain type or period which is occasioned by variety of evident and Procatarctick causes These Paroxysms also are distinguished as having various degrees The degrees of the Fits of a Falling-sickness some being more gentle discernible in more easie symptoms when the Patient doth not suffer so great a violence by the Disease as not being affected with a Stupor nor thrown down by strong Convulsive motions of the Muscular parts but speedily returneth to the exercise of his rational sensitive and locomotive faculties And in others these Fits are more strong as accompanied with more dreadful accidents the loss of Reason Sense and regular motions of the Body as having the functions of the Brain stupid and the parts of the Body first tortured with violent agitations and afterwards stiff senseless and immovable And to this Disease Children and young Men are most liable Another difference of this Disease may be derived from the variety of its subject or part affected A Falling-sickness differeth in point of its various subject from which it taketh its rise whereupon a Falling-sickness may be styled per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and primary when it proceedeth from the Brain originally affected and per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by consent of Parts when the Disease beginneth in some inferior part and is afterward imparted to the Head And now it may be worth our inquiry The subject of this Disease what is the subject or seat of this Disease which some affirm to be in the Membranes encircling the Brain and every way contracting it like a Purse and others in the substance of it As to the first opinion it seemeth very improbable by reason it supposeth the Coats of the Brain to be universally narrowed according to all its Cavities whereby the substance of the Brain is compressed which if true would produce an Apoplexy and not an Epilepsy as intercepting the current of Animal Liquor and Spirits into the origen of the Nerves The Coats of the Brain cannot every where vellicate the Origens of Nerves seated in the Cortex of the Brain Farthermore It is difficult to conceive how the Coats of the Brain can be so narrowed as to close every way and contract its ambient parts and make a vellication of the Origens of the Nerves taking their rise in the Cortex by reason the Dura Menynx is so conjoyned in divers parts to the Skull that it cannot universally compress the Brain by its too near approximation And again The Pia Mater is fastned by divers Ligaments and continuity of Vessels to the Dura Menynx So that the Pia Mater cannot universally vellicate the fibrous Compage of the Brain in reference to an over-close contraction unless the Dura Mater to which it is firmly affixed first give way which in some parts it may where it is not fastned to the Skull and so may admit Convulsive motions The Fibrous parts of the Brain are primarily concerned in Convulsive motions as well as the fibrous parts of the Brain which are great Actors in this Tragical Scene of Epileptick Fits and as numerous Fibrils do constitute the curious and wonderful frame of the Cerebrum and Cerebellum they may be called the seat of this most turbulent Disease more or less discomposing the Nervous parts of the Brain and whole Body in a strong Epilepsy And furthermore I humbly conceive that the fibrous Compage of the Brain is first affected in the Falling-sickness and afterward the Coats do sympathize as being composed of many small Fibrils which are derived from those of the Brain or at least are near akin to them in structure and situation Learned Dr. The Animal Spirits according to Dr. Willis are the subject of the Falling-sickness Willis asserteth in Tractatu de Morbis Convulsivis Capite 2. de Epilepsia p. 28. that the primary seat of an Epilepsie is in the Animal Spirits rarefied and endued with an Explosive disposition Ait ille Et quidem uti verisimillimum arbitror paroxysmum Epilepticum à spirituum animalium Cerebri incolarum qui nempe sunt primum immediatum hujus morbi subjectum subita quadam rarefactione explosione concitati qua Cerebrum ipsum inflatur adeoque insensile redditur simulque nervi appensi in Convulsiones aguntur hinc enimvero contingit hujus morhi accessionem ita derepente incipere perfecte terminari sine magna materiae morbificae provisione aut reliquiis quin nempe labes non tam partibus folidis quam ipsis spiritibus infertur Wherein this Learned Author concludeth that this most vexatious Malady is not in the solid parts but in the Spirits themselves as the prime and immediate subject of an Epileptick Fit expressed above in plain terms to which with deference to this Great Professor of our Art I take the boldness to speak this return That the Humors The Humors and Spirits are causes and subjects of Diseases and Spirits as being contained parts are rather Causes then Subjects of Diseases which I humbly conceive to be seated in the containing solid rather then in the fluid parts The first and immediate subject of an Epilepsy are the Cortical-Fibrils whereupon the Origens of the Nerves placed in the Cortex of the Brain are the first and immediate subject of this Disease as they are discomposed either by ill Heterogeneous Particles of the Blood or vitiated Animal Liquor and Spirits which the Learned Author conceiveth to work in the Nerves explosively after the manner of fired Gun-Powder Sequitur ait ille spiritus animales etiam systematis nervosi incolas copula explosiva imbutas cumque ipsis cerebri
incolis in consensum trahi ab iisque ad explosiones pariter inordinatas excitari licet aliquando tota spirituum tum in cerebro tum in nervoso genere consitorum serie instar longiores pulveris pyrii tractus ad explosiones praedisposita spasmus exterius à longinquo forsan in membro quodam aut viscere incipiens posterius in cerebrum traducatur And according to the opinion of this most Renowned Physician the highly Fermentative Elastick Particles of the ill Animal Juice and Spirits Nerves are the subject of the Falling-sickness do violently irritate and agitate the tender and most fine Compage of the Nerves as made up of numerous Fibrils endued with most acute Sensation the seat of Epileptick Paroxysms And before we make any farther steps into the Causes we will give some account of the Symptoms as so many Diagnosticks leading us into the knowledge of it And first of the Froth coming out of the Mouth Froth about the Lips is a symptom of the Falling-sickness conceived to be a Pathognomical sign of an Epilepsy but in truth is an attendant of an Apoplexy Carus and of Hysterick and sometimes of other Convulsive motions Some are of an opinion the Froth is a Recrement descending from the Brain to the Mouth which is somewhat improbable by reason there are no passages coming from the Brain into the Mouth by which the Froth may be transmitted whereupon I apprehend it more reasonable that the Froth being a Liquor attenuated and puffed up as being a system of many Vesicles of Air clothed with a thin Liquor Froth doth not come from the Head but Lungs transmitted from the Lungs into the Aspera Arteria by the violent agitations of the Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm compressing the Lungs and ejecting this Froth first into the Wind-pipe and afterward into the Mouth Another more dreadful Symptom is the beating of the Breast with strong blows The beating of the Breast is another symptom of an Epilepsy which I conceive is occasioned by a great oppression of the Lungs with stagnant Blood by reason of their undue Motion produced by the strong Convulsions of the Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm whence ariseth a great difficulty of breathing which to alleviate Dr. Willis saith by a meer instinct of Nature Epileptick Persons beat their Breast that the Praecordia by Appulses might make good their motions that the Blood might be relieved from Stagnation and the Heart from a great oppression Tunc fit ut laborante cerebro licet inscio mero naturae instinctu thoracem percutiant nimirum ut praecordia ita percussa velut exagitata motus suos redintegrent adeoque sanguis à stagnatione Cor à gravi oppressione vindicentur Another Symptom of this Disease which is very great is a suddain fall upon the Ground with great force A suddain fall upon the Ground is a symptom of the Falling-sickness often bruising and wounding the Trunk and Limbs as if they are possessed with some ill Spirit which proceedeth from the suddain and violent Convulsive motions of the Origens of the Nerves seated in the Brain whereupon the Muscles of the Limbs are drawn into consent by their highly disaffected Nerves productive of violent Muscular Agitations So that the Convulsed Muscles of the Trunk Legs and Thighs are not able to keep up the Body in an erect posture The continent cause of this Horrid Disease as attended with dismal accidents is seated in the Brain The continent cause of an Epilepsy and often produced by the hetorogeneous fermentative Particles of Nitro-sulphureous Elements disaffecting the serous parts of the Blood the Materia substrata of Animal Liquor and Spirits This Horrid Disease often proceeds from a clear serous Liquor The Falling-sickness proceeds from saline Particles of Meat and Drink impregnated with saline Particles somewhat akin to Aqua Fortis imbibed with the Liquors and Meat we eat and drink as they are infected with Mineral Elements which taint the Aliment with which Cattel are sustained The Nervous Liquor is sometimes vitiated with sharp and corrosive Humors resembling Vitriol so that the Blood and Nervous Liquor are vitiated with ill Humors which have much of the propriety of Vitriol as having sharp malignant acid astringent and corrosive qualities which being imparted to the Vital and Nervous Liquor do highly discompose the tender fibrous Compage of the Brain and Nerves arising out of it and dispensed to all the Muscular parts of the Body whereupon not only the Brain but the Limbs and Trunk are tortured with violent Convulsive motions the doleful attendants of an Epilepsy A young Man being seised with a violent Epileptick Fit The instance of a Patient dying of an Epilepsy flowing from sharp Serous Liquor accompanied with strong Concussions of the Muscular parts and a Froth about the Mouth was so much overpowred with it that it spake a period to his life And afterward his Brain being opened was found turgid with a quantity of clear serous Liquor in which the nervous Fibrils did seem to swim whereupon they being highly disaffected with the sharp and acid qualities of the ill watry Liquor were acted with Convulsive agitations the forerunners of Death An Epilepsy may also take its rise from a Caries of the Skull An Epilepsy proceeding from a Caries of the Brain infecting the Albuminous Liquor of the Vital Liquor with a corrupt quality in its passage through the lateral Sinus adjoyning to the Skull whereupon the Succus Nervosus being vitiated highly disordereth the fibrous Compage of the Brain productive of Convulsive motions the sad retinue of the Falling-sickness A young Man was highly tortured with a pain in his Head An instance of an Epileptick Patient dying of a◠carious Skull and violent Epileptick Fits which at last cut off the thread of his Life and afterward his Skull being taken off and inspected was found to be very much Carious in the inside which was the cause of his Disease and death by reason his Brain being opened appeared free from all ill Humors which might produce the cause of the Falling-sickness Sometimes this Disease may borrow its origination from a putrid Humor An Epilepsy coming from a putrid Humor corrupting the Nervous Liquor infesting the Coats of the Brain and corrupting the nervous Liquor which is made out of the mild parts of the Blood in the Cortical Glands and afterward received into the Extremities of the nervous Fibrils So that they being much disordered do draw the Nerves into consent and produce Convulsive motions the sad companions of an Epilepsy A Learned Man being highly afflicted with pain about the Synciput An instance of a Falling-sickness or top of his Head was afterward surprized with violent agitations of the Limbs and Froth about the Lips the concomitants of an Epilepsy and forerunners of Death This Malady may also be generated by an abscess of the Brain An
Epilepsy produced by an abscess of the Brain corrupting its substance and the Animal Liquor which being transmitted to the Fibrous Compage of the Brain and afterward to the Nerves branched through the parts of the Body makes unnatural motions the common Heralds of death A Youth labouring of a Fever and Convulsive motions An example of an Epileptick Person dying of an Apostemated Brain which determined his days and afterward his Brain being opened the Dura Menynx was discovered to have its Vessels turgid with black extravasated and concreted Blood and the neighboring parts of the Brain apostemated Sometimes a Falling-sickness may arise from a Polypus caused by a concreted Liquor lodged in the confines of the Brain A Falling-sickness comeing from a Polypus in the Brain flowing from the saline Particles of the Serous Liquor of the Blood highly annoying the tender Nerves of the Brain Of this case Learned Blasius giveth an Instance Observ Med. 2. Part 6. Ait ille in sinu Menyngis durae longitudinali subjecti muliebris publice in Theatro Amstelodamensi dissecti materia continebatur alba tenacissima quae sinum replebat ad omnes sinus rivulus diffundebatur Epilepsin laboraverat Mulier jam ab aliquo tempore qua etiam extincta An Epilepsy may also be derived from a wound of the Brain A Falling-sickness coming from a wound of the Brain cutting the Blood-Vessels whence ensueth a great effusion of Blood into the substance of the Brain producing a Falling-sickness A Student was wounded in the top of the Head An Instance of a Patient dying of a Falling-sickness upon a wound of the Brain An Epilepsy caused by a fleshy Tumor lodged in a Ventricle of the Brain penetrating through both Tables of the Skull into the body of the Brain whereupon afterward he was afflicted with the Falling-sickness which proved fatal to him And his Skull being taken off his Brain was discerned to be black and gangreened A Falling-sickness may be also produced by some fleshy tumor lodged in a Ventricle of the Brain compressing the Fibrils of the Brain whence ensue great agitations to make good the current of Liquor and Animal Spirits passing between the Filaments of Nerves Of this case Learned Rhodius giveth an account Centur. 1. Observ LV. An example of the Falling-sickness Ait ille Nullo ingenio huic malo admodum gravi quandoque medelam reperiri miretur nemo qui communis mali causas ut plurimum inexpugnabiles consideraverit quidam singulari Ich. Praevotii fama excitatus recuperandae valetudinis spe Pataviam venerat Nullo effectu ad suos reversus quum paulo post fato cessisset in cerebri Ventriculo tumor Carnosus fuit inventus qui cerebro compresso inanem huic Morbo Medicinam docuit So that any compression of the Fibrils of the Brain proceeding from a Swelling or from concreted Blood lodged upon the Surface of Brain may produce a Falling-sickness accompanied with Convulsive motions whereby Nature endeavoureth to relieve her self by violent agitations of the Nerves A Child of mine being roughly treated by an imprudent Midwife An example of an Epilepsy proceeding from a Fracture of both Tables of the Skull was pulled into the World by the Head without Throwes whereupon a great Fracture of both Tables of the Skull did arise and a large source of Blood fell down by the laceration of Blood-vessels upon the Dura Menynx compressing the Origens of the Nervous Fibrils seated in the Cortex so that the Brain being aggrieved by a quantity of concreted Blood did attempt to discharge its load by Epileptick Fits attended with Convulsive motions the mournful prologue of Death A Falling-sickness may proceed not only primarily per idiopathiam An Epilepsy per sympathiam coming from a Gangreen of the Lungs from the disaffections of the Brain but per sympathiam too by consent originally flowing from the Maladies of other parts And sometimes from a Gangreen of the Lungs following an inflammation whence some part of the putrefied Blood being communicated by the Carotide Artery to the Cortex of the Brain did highly discompose the Nervous Fibrils and put them upon violent agitations productive of Epileptick Fits A young Man having drunk a great quantity of cold Water and lying long upon the Ground fell into a high Fever and Delirium accompanied with a great pain of his Head and Epileptick concussions of his Body and Limbs which concluded in death And afterward his Thorax being opened the right Lobe of his Lungs were found black and gangreened oppressed with a large quantity of gross concreted Blood A Falling-sickness may be sometimes derived from the Ulcer of the Pancreas A Falling-sickness coming from an Ulcer of the Pancreas tainting the Blood which being transmitted by proper Vessels to the Cortical Glands of the Brain infecteth the Nervous Liquor whereupon it being received into the Origens of the Fibrils putteth them upon irregular motions causing an Epilepsy An example of this may be given in an Hysterick Woman An Instance of an Epilepsy flowing from an Ulcered Pancreas who laboured with violent Convulsive motions the retinue of the Falling-sickness ending in a fatal storm And afterward her Body being opened the Viscera were found very free from any Disease except the Pancreas which was highly Ulcered and the cause of her Death An Epilepsy may be also derived from the Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines An Epilepsy proceeding from the Diseases of the Stomach and Guts labouring of a great Flatus giving a high discomposure which is very familiar to Children often troubled with Gripes proceeding from viscid Humors mixed with yellow or green Choler causing violent Convulsive motions in the Intestines and Stomach which are fine Contextures of Nerves which being first aggrieved by flatulent acrimonious Recrements do afterward draw the Nervous Fibrils of the Brain into consent and produce strong and fatal Epileptick Fits which I have often seen in Children tortured with these severe disaffections and after Death the Abdomen being opened I have discerned the Stomach and Guts to be highly tumefied and full of yellow and green Choler associated with a clammy Matter Children and Persons of riper years are often troubled with Worms An Epilepsy coming from Worms which highly afflict the Stomach and Guts with Convulsive motions which are afterward imparted to the Brain wherein the Origens of the Nerves are seated which very much sympathize with those of the Guts and Stomach in their afflictive Diseases An Epilepsy may be also generated by a hard gangreened Spleen A Falling-sickness is taking its rise from an Ul ered Spleen coming from too great a quantity of first inflamed and afterward extravasated concreted Blood some part of which being transmitted to the Cortex of the Brain vitiateth the Animal Liquor and Spirits making great agitations in the fibrous Compage of the Brain and afterward in the other Nerves of the Limbs and Body Of this case
Learned Tylingius giveth an account in Miscellan An example of this case Curiosis ann 1674 1675 and 1676. p. 280. Ait ille Sereniss ac celsissimi Principis D. Ferdinandi Alberti Ducis Brunswicensis Lunenburgensis filiolus unius anni Convulsionibus Epilepticis admodum erat obnoxius cum his itaque graviter affligeretur ut tandem vitam cum morte commutaret Corpus ejus die 27 Jan. 1673. aperui lienem induratum scirrhosum fere lapidosum inveni A Falling-sickness may be also produced by a quantity of Genital Liquor An Epilepsy proceeding from a Virulent Seminal Liquor long lodged in the Seminal Vessels or Prostates wherein it acquireth a virulent nature communicated to the Blood carried by several Vessels to the Cortex of the Brain where it infecteth the Succus Nervosus giving a great annoyance first to the tender Fibrils of the Brain and then to the Nerves of the Body which are a continuation of them causing Epileptick Fits and Death A Person of Honor having frequently indulged Venereal Embraces An Instance â—f a Gentleman dying of an Epilopsy was sensible of the meanness of this natural act did addict himself to a chaste and abstemious life whereupon he grew Vertiginous and afflicted with Epileptick Distempers attended with a tremulous motion of his Tongue Convulsive agitations of his Head after the manner of a Rotation a paleness of his Face and dimness of his Sight so that after few days his more Noble and Divine Part quitted his Body And afterward the lowest middle and highest Apartiment being opened all the Viscera appeared to be sound only the Vesicular Cells were found full of virulent Seed the cause of his Epileptick Fits The Indications that relate to this Disease are Curatory The Indications of an Epilepsy which have regard to the Fit or Preservatory which have respect to the Cause of the Disease As to the first Purgatives Vomits and Bleeding have no place As to the Curatory Indication Purgatives and Vomitories are not proper in this Disease Cephalicks and Specificks are most laudable in a Falling-sickness as giving too great a trouble and overmuch debilitation to the sick Patient when very weak So that then the most proper Medicines in this condition are good Cephalicks and proper Specificks which compose the enraged and fortifie the weakned Animal Spirits and rectifie the Animal Liquor the subject of them Such are faetide Medicines which are highly efficacious in Epileptick Fits impregnated with Volatil or Armoniack Salt and with Vitriolick Sulphur as Oyl of Amber or with other Volatil Spirits of Harts Horn Spirit of Sal Armoniack either of it self or succinated Spirit of Blood or Soot or Tincture of Castor Compound Spirit of Lavender Compound Briony Water Comp. Paeony Water c. And as to the Preservatory Indication The Preservatory Indicatory is sounded in the rectifying an ill mass of Blood which regardeth the taking away the Cause of this Disease it is principally founded in the rectifying an ill mass of Blood and Nervous Liquor which depend much upon the laudable Constitution of the Viscera and chiefly upon that of the Brain and the good disposition of the Animal Spirits So that the ill Diathesis of the Blood and Viscera is taken away by Vomiting Purging and Bleeding which though they do not perform the Cure alone yet they prepare the Viscera and Blood and Nervous Liquor by taking away their noysom Recrements whereby the Specifick Medicines can more powerfully exert their vertue upon the Viscera being deobstructed and the Blood and Nervous Liquor being depurated whereupon the discomposed Animal Spirits and Convulsive motions are calmed and by degrees the Epileptick Fits are first alleviated and at last wholly conquered and Nature restored to a salutary condition which I have often seen by the Blessing of the Supream Physician upon methodical Prescription and Application of proper Medicines Specificks which highly speak an advantage in the Cure of this Disease are numerous viz. Amber Castor Coral Camphor Ung. Alcis Specificks in order to the Cure of this Disease a Humane Skull Misletowe of the Oak or Apple-tree Roots or Flowers of Paeony Roots of Valerian The Leaves of Rue Lavender the Flowers of Time Lily of the Valley Betony Preparations made of Swallows Daws c. These Medicines work by secret qualities Medicines in this Disease work by secret qualities and it is very difficult to determine the manner of their Operations in taking away the causes of this Disease which I humbly conceive do consist much in over-fermentative Elements in Nitro-sulphureous and sometimes Vitriolick sharp Particles of the Blood vitiating the Succus Nervosus causing the Falling-sickness as it is received into the fibrous Compage of the Brain and Plexes of Nerves whereupon they grow very unquiet and Convulsed and the Medicines adapted by Nature to the Cure of this Disease The Cure of this disaffection is performed by sweetening the Blood do sweeten the Acrimonious Particles of the Cristalline Liquor of the Blood the Materia substrata of Nervous Juice and give an allay to its Nitro-sulphureous parts by reducing it and the Succus Nervosus in some degree to a laudable Constitution whereupon the opposite Elements of these various Liquors are brought to such a Mediocrity as to produce a due Fermentation not offending the system of tender Nerves in the Brain and Plexes in other parts of the Body And Cephalick Medicines have not only a power to dulcifie the sharp parts of the Blood and exalt the gross saline Particles thereby giving a check to the over-fermentative principles of the Blood but have also an astrictive faculty to corroborate the loose Compage of the Nervous Fibrils of which the Brain is chiefly constituted And by reason its fibrous frame being rendred flaccid by serous Recrements is disposed for the reception of a Succus Nervosus depraved with acid and saline Particles highly agitating the system of tender Fibrils Corroborating Cephalicks very proper to strengthen the Brain therefore Astringent Cephalicks must be of great use after sweet Medicines have been advised to sweeten and appease the Vital and Nervous Liquor impregnated with saline and acid parts and over-acted with Nitro-sulphureous Recrements raising the said Liquors to a high Fermentation productive of Epileptick Fits To speak more closely to the Cure of this stubborn Disease Purgatives may be given if the Patient be strong I conceive it very proper to advise Purgatives to the Patient if strong of Senna Agarick Rubarb Mechoacan Jalape Hellebore mixed with Celaphicks as also the greater Faetide Pills or de Succino aut Pilulae Diambrae Hierae cum Agaric mixed with Castor Amber Camphor quickned with some Grains of Resine of Jalape Vomitories or Extract of Rud. or Hellebore Vomits may be also advised made of an Infusion of Crocus Metallorum Salt of Vitriol or Mynsicht's Emetick Tartar in a few Grains and in the working of the Vomits large quantities
the tone of the fibrous Compage to be very laxe and unable to resist the ill affections of the nervous Liquor whence ensue diverse unnatural motions of the Fibrils of the Brain and nervous Plexes of the Viscera and muscular parts of the Body And farthermore another reason may be offered The reason why Convulsive motions do flow from the Brain that the Blood and serous Liquor infecting the Brain are a great cause of Convulsive motions by reason Fontanels in the neck and blistering plaisters applied to it and Leeches set under the Ears do take away much of the serous Humors oppressing the Brain and divert the motion of Blood which are experimentally found very conducive to the alleviation and Cure of Convulsive motions in Children Thus pro modulo meo I have given a History of Convulsive motions that torture Children chiefly in the Two or Three first Months arising out of an ill mass of Blood contracted in the Womb consisting in Heterogeneous and contrary Elements raising a high fermentation in the vital Liquor which afterward infecteth the Succus Nervosus and Animal Spirits with nitro-sulphureous flatulent and elastick Particles causing expansive and contractive motions in the nervous Filaments of the fibrous Compage of the Brain and other Plexes of Nerves seated in the Viscera Muscular and Membranous parts of the Body which often prove fatal And though nature be so strong as to conquer these terrible motions in the first Months yet she is obnoxious afterward to great danger in reference to violent Convulsive motions associates of a Fever and proceeding from the breeding of Teeth Convulsive motions proceeding from Fevers produced by pains in the breeding of Teeth All Children having Fevers in breeding of Teeth are not always afflicted with concussions of muscular parts as having oftentimes good Constitutions and a laudable mass of Blood and a well-disposed Animal Liquor and Spirits and a firm tone of the Systeme of Nerves whereupon they are not obnoxious to Convulsive motions But the great pains of Dentition in an ill habit of Body and laxe Compage of Nerves I humbly conceive are the immediate cause of a Fever and Convulsive motions proceeding from an Inflammation of the Gums produced by Blood stagnated in the Interstices of the Vessels tumefying the said parts and compressing the branches of the Fifth pair of Nerves seated about the roots of the Teeth offended also with saline and acide parts of serous Humors vellicating the nervous Fibrils endued with a most acute Sense And the Teeth themselves enlarging their dimensions in Dentition The reason why Children are very much disturbed in Dentition do squeeze the Nerves and highly discompose their tender frame by their hard substance which growing more and more in hight do compress and cut the Membrane encircling the Gums which is a contexture of nervous Fibrils and is derived as some will have it from the Dura Menynx of the Brain so that this fine integument of the Gums is a composition of nervous Fibrils which being squeezed and cut by the rise of the Teeth growing upward must necessarily produce great pain and often Convulsive motions drawing the fibrous Compage of the Brain and muscular parts of the Eyes Face Lips Limbs and Viscera into consent attended with violent Vomitings Diarrhaeas Lypothymys Syncopes c. which are very terrible to behold in young Children not able to express themselves The Fever attending the breeding of Teeth is produced by great pain the associate of an Inflammation proceeding from Blood setled in the Gums which maketh a great effervescence in it of which some part endued with heterogeneous fermentative Elements being returned by the Veins to the Heart causeth a Fever partly taking its rise from the over-hasty motion of the Blood made by the Convulsive motions of the Muscles violently compressing the Arteries And Children are not only subject to Convulsive motions in the Two or Three first Months after their Birth and in the time of breeding of Teeth but also in other years of their Minority which is chiefly derived from an ill disposition of Blood consisting in heterogeneous fermentative Elements which having recourse to the Cortex of the Brain doth fill the Succus Nervosus and the Animal Spirits with flatulent elastick Particles producing various agitations of the Nerves caused by the repeated dilatations and contractions of their Filaments acted with many grand efforts to discharge offensive Matter giving a high disturbance to nature The Blood The Blood is the cause of Convulsive motions as spoiled by ill Diet. The Blood is corrupted by the ulcered Glands of the Viscera producing Convulsive motions the chief antecedent cause of Convulsive motions is debased by ill Diet by Aliment hard of digestion or by Milk degenerating into a Curd by the acide Ferment of the Stomach whereupon it rendreth the Milk Acide and sometime the Chyle is corrupted by bilious Recrements and an ulcerous Matter derived from the Ventricles or putrefied Glands of the Mesentery The Blood also is corrupted in its passage through the ulcered Glands of the Spleen Liver Pancreas Kidneys or the putrefied substance of the Bladder Uterus Diaphragme Pleura Mediastine Lungs c. whereby the vital Liquor being vitiated by a purulent Matter is carried up through the Carotide Arteries into the Cortical Glands wherein the nervous Liquor and the Animal Spirits become infected and produce great disorderly motions in the fibrous Compage of the Brain and the plexes of Nerves belonging to the Viscera Muscles and Membranes The ill mass of Blood is rendred more fermentative by ill Air in Fenny ground by the heat of the Sun and by changes of the Moon and by the malignant influences of the Planets which do debase the Succus Nervosus and its Spirits and render them turbulent and unquiet so that they discompose the tender Filaments of Nerves and put them upon violent and unnatural agitations highly afflicting the whole Body Having given an account of the unpleasant â—cenes of this Disease consisting in various storms of concussive motions of several parts of the Body my Taske at this time is to propound a means how these Tempests may be allayed that a pleasant calm may ensue The Cure of this Disease requireth a good method of Physick and the care of a Learned Physician prescribing proper Medicines and by reason Blood hath a great share in the cause of Convulsive motions Applications of Leeches to the Jugulars are very proper Cephalick Powders may be given in Cephalick Waters Three or Four Ounces may be taken away by the application of Leeches to the Jugular Veins and afterward Cephalick Powder may be advised made of Paeony roots Misletowe of the Oak Coral Pearl and the like given in a spoonful of a Cephalick Julape prepared with Black-Cherry Water or Water of Lime-Flowers Lily of the Valley Paeony Rue-water to which may be added a small quantity of Compound Paeony or the Antiepileptick water of Langius near akin to the
due Spirits and Tenseness especially when they are affected with high Narcotick steams which despoil them of their laudable temper and tone The motive Faculty is impeded or abolished The motive Faculty is hindred when the Origen of the Nerves is obstructed by reason the Origens of the Nerves are obstructed in the Cortex or their progress in other Processes of the Brain Cerebellum or Medulla Spinalis or in the Trunks of the Nerves and their diverse Plexes and divarications The origination of the Nerves The Origen of the Nerves may be stopped by a gross nervous Liquor may be obstructed by the grossness of the Succus Nervosus as not being capable to be received into the beginning of the Interstices relating to the nervous Filaments constituting the body of the Nerves The grossness of the nervous Liquor may arise from a thick faeculent albuminous part of the Blood the Materia substrata of the Succus Nervosus The cause of a gross nervous Liquor or when the cortical Glands being not well disposed as having too large extravagant Vessels or Pores are not able duely to percolate the more thin mild Particles of the Blood from its more gross parts whereupon the thick Animal Liquor is not capable to insinuate it self into the Origens of the fibrous parts of the Brain The Origens of the Nerves are straightned by the Tumors of the adjacent parts which are also rendred too close and straight by the swelling of the neighbouring parts coming from the cortical Glands by a quantity of extravasated Blood in Inflammations or of serous Recrements in a Hydrocephalus in a Hydropick constitution of the Brain compressing the Origens of the nervous Fibrils in the ambient parts of the Brain And not only the Origens of the minute nervous Fibrils in the Cortex The progress of the Fibrils may have their Filaments over-close but the progress of more large Fibrils in the Medulla oblongata and Medulla Spinalis may have the spaces of their Filaments so closely conjoyned to each other by a quantity of Blood or Pus or by the tumors of the adjacent parts that the current of the Animal Spirits is intercepted whereupon the adjoyning Nerves grow flaccid and unfit for Sense and Motion A Palsey also may arise from a Solution of the unity of parts The solution of the unity of parts may be a cause of a Palsey when the fibrous Compage of the Brain is wounded or affected with a great blow or by Concussion when the order of the fibrous parts of the Brain is perverted as it hath the Fibres too much separated or too closely united dashing one against another A greater or less obstruction or compression of the fibrous parts of the Brain often produceth an Apoplexy Carus Lethargy Hemiplegia and when the Paroxysmes of these Cephalick Diseases are gone A Palsey often succedeth an Apoplexy The cause of the Palsey how it is more or less universal a Palsey often succeedeth sometimes affecting one other times both sides of the Body so that sometimes one or more Limbs and other times the Limbs of the whole Body are disabled in point of Motion As the matter of the Disease is more or less imparted to the Nerves of the Brain Cerebellum and Medulla Spinalis so the parts affected are not only rendred destitute of Motion but of Sense too in some cases And if some curious persons be so inquisitive The cause why Sense remaineth when motion is taken away as to be informed of the reason why the Sense remaineth where motion is taken away this may be offered in point of their satisfactions that Physicians have assigned some Nerves to celebrate the act of Sensation and others to motion but if this Opinion be not satisfactory as being improbable because all Nerves are endued as well with Sense as Motion I will presume to give the courteous Reader another Reason which may seem more probable that the act of motion is more difficult and laborious as supposing an action whereas Sensation intimates only a Passion which is more easy then the other and may be performed by a sensible impression continued from the common Sensory by the continuation of the coats of nervous Filaments propagated from the Brain to the Medulla Spinalis and other parts of the Body But Motion is accomplished by a higher nixus of the Nerves requiring a greater quantity and more refined Animal Spirits expaâ—ding the nervous Filaments and rendring them plump and stiff in order to motion The Compression of the Corpora Striata The Compression of the Corpora Striata hinder the progress of the Animal Liquor may arise from some extravasated Blood or serous Recrements outwardly crouding the Interstices of the Filaments relating to the Corpora Striata whereupon the progress of the nervous Liquor and Spirits being checked the Nerves grow relaxed and their motion abolished The Medulla oblongata The seat of the Palsey and the elongation of it the Medulla Spinalis may be the seat of the Palsey when the Fibrils of the said parts are obstructed inwardly by some gross Matter or outwardly by the compression of some stagnated Blood or faeculent Humors or by the Tumors of some adjoyning parts sometimes this disaffection is placed in the Nerves Sometimes this Disease is seated in the Nerves without the Brain without the limits of the Brain Cerebellum and Medulla Spinalis either in the Trunks or smaller Branches of Nerves stopped by obstruction compression or by solution of their unity Whereupon the progress of the Animal Liquor and Spirits is interrupted and the Filaments of Nerves become loose and flabby as having lost their tenseness a requisite condition of the action of the Nerves Immoderate Cold being a great enemy to the nervous Cold as incrassating the nervous Liquor may be the cause of a Palsey as well as vital Liquor doth incrassate the Animal Spirits so that they loose their volatil and elastick Particles and are rendred unfit to invigorate the Nerves in reference to Motion The immoderate use of Opiates which being taken too frequently The immoderate use of Opiates may cause a Palsey and in too great a quantity doth vitiate the I one of the Animal Spirits an dits energetick disposition which is also produced by the venenate Fumes of Minerals So that Miners working in Mineral Earth are affected with the steams of Antimony Mercury and Auripigmentum or Arsnick which cause Tumors in the Limbs as also sometimes a relaxation of the Nerves whereupon ensueth a paralytick distemper taking away the use of the Muscular parts the proper Engines of Motion For the most part the Brain is not only affected but the Medulla Spinalis and sometimes the Cerebellum is concerned by serous Recrements diffused between the Skull and the Coats of the Brain which afterward fall down and compresse the Fistula Sacra or Silver Cord The Palsey may arise from the Compression of the Medulla Spinalis A quantity of
Patient dying of a Palsey proceeding from pains of the Stomach and Intestines who laboured of aspurious tertain intermittent Fever proceeding from an obstruction of the Liver and Bladder and then fell into Colick pains and a paralitick disaffection which continued the space of a year and at last she died afflicted with a Delirium and Convulsive motions The Palsey first affected the Arms and Head and afterward descended to the Thighs This Woman having the Abdomen opened the Liver was found to be over-large with reference to the Body and very much obstructed and the Bladder of Gall filled with gross Black Choler and the Stomach much distended with Green Excrements and the Colon full of hard Faeces and dilated with much flatulent Matter and the Brain being dissected a Water was discovered to gush out and follow the Knife and the same Liquor was discerned to fill up all the space interceceding the coats of the spinal Marrow where the Fibres the Origens of the vertebral Nerves were seated Whereupon the beginnings of the vertebral Nerves being compressed the current of the nervous Liquor and Spirits was intercepted and the Filaments of the Nerves relaxed and the use of the Arms Hands and Thighs lost Persons also obnoxious to Arthritical disaffections sometimes fall into a Palsey by reason the acide and saline Particles of the Blood An Arthritis sometimes degenerates into a Palsey infecting the nervous Liquor do vitiate its refined Particles whereupon the Animal Spirits losing their expansive nature do not invigorate the Nerves so that they grow limber and unfit for motion whence ariseth a Palsey Scorbutick habits of Body are liable to this Disease Scorbutick habits of Body are oboxious to a Palsey as having an ill mass of Blood debased with acide saline Particles which spoil the albuminous part of the vital Juyce the Materia substrata of the Succus Nervosus which being dispirited doth not duely invigorate the nervous Fibrils whereupon arise Tremors in the Limbs proceeding from faint Animal Spirits not rendring the nervous Filaments Tense and apt for motion whence floweth a Paralytick disposition which also proceedeth in Cachetick Bodies from a quantity of serous Recrements sometimes inwardly obstructing the spaces of the Filaments and othertimes outwardly compressing the Origens Trunks and Branches of Nerves whereupon they grow flabby and relaxed as not receptive of nervous Liquor and its spirituous tensive Particles A Palsey may also arise a soluta unitate from a wound of the Skull and Brain lacerating sometimes and othertimes cutting asunder its Blood-vessels A Palsey may proceed a Soluta unitate Craniâ— whereupon the Brain is affected first with an inflammation by a source of extravasated Blood lodged in the substance of the Brain which afterward degenerates into a purulent Matter compressing the sibrous frame of the Brain and hindring the influxe of Animal Spirits into the Nerves productive of a Palsey A Souldier was wounded in the hinder part of his Head with a weapon An Instance of the said case in a Palsey not only dividing the Skull but penetrating the coats into the substance of the Brain which generated first an Inflammation and afterward an Abscess whereupon the Patient complained of a vertiginous disposition and of a pain in his Right Eye and afterward was affected with an Hemiplegia of his Right side and a Carus and Convulsive motions of his Right Arm the fore-runner of a more fatal storm of death The Skull being taken off a great part of the Brain was overspread with a fungous Matter which is very common in wounds Inflammations and Abscesses of the Brain into which an Incision being made an Aposteme of the Brain was discovered and the Right Ventricle distended with a clear serous Liquor compressing the nervous Fibres of the Right side of the Brain and intercepting the progress of the Animal Liquor into the Right mediety of the Spinal Marrow and Origens of the vertebral Nerves whereupon ensued a resolution of them belonging to the Right side A Palsey may also happen upon a wound of the Medulla Spinalis A Palsey coming from a bruised Medulla Spinalis bruising or cutting the Origens of the vertebral Nerves whereupon the motion of the Animal Liquor and Spirits is checked in reference to the nervous Trunks and Branches propagated from the Spine so that they grow loose and flabby wholly indisposed for action A Maid being shot into her Back with the Bullet of a Pistol An Instance of this kind of Palsey was immediately sensible of a great pain and defect of the motion of her Limbs a Resolution being made from the middle of her Loins to her lower parts which proceeded from the wound of the Origens of the vertebral Fibres seated in one side of the Spine and from a Bullet lodged in the Spinal Marrow outwardly compressing the beginnings of the vertebral Nerves The Patient heing dead a round hole was found penetrating the Musculi longissimi and Sacrolumbares and afterward the Spine and its Marrow wherein was discovered a Bullet lodged in its substance and compressing the Origens of the vertebral Nerves Having discoursed the continent causes of a Palsey An ill mass of Blood is the chief antecedent cause of a Palsey illustrated by many instances of several cases in this Disease I will now Treat somewhat of its antecedent causes of which the chief is an ill mass of Blood generated by an ill Diet either of too much Meat or hard of digestion or the immoderate drinking of Wine and strong Drink and Tobacco and Fumes and Metallick Vapours or vehement Passions of the Mind making great alterations in the vital Liquor the Materia substrata of the Succus Nervosus which is highly discomposed by the Sex res non naturales some of which are very offensive producing a kind of Narcosis in the Animal Spirits despoiling them of their brisk elastick nature thereby rendring the Nerves Laxe and resolved And the Locomotive power of the Limbs and Body is not only abolished The Locomotive Faculty is lessened and abolished by the dâ—fect of Animal Spirits but also lessened in point of Impotency of motion proceeding from a defect of Animal Spirits not fully invigorating the Nerves hence ariseth a trembling of the Head and Limbs so that the motive Faculty is not able easily to sustain the weight of the Limb produced from the weakness of the Nerves rendring the Antagonist Muscles not able to balance each others Contractions and reduce the Limbs to a tonick motion by containing them in a firm fixed posture whereupon the weight on one side so depresseth the Limbs and the Nixus of the Antagonist Muscles that they are not able to make good their tonick Motion The Limbs grow disordered by various tremulous motions The cause of tremulous Motions derived from contrary principles of the weight of the Limbs and of weak nervous Fibres which putting forth their utmost Nixus make different successive agitations originally flowing from an
ill Succus Nervosus not impraegnated with volatil and elastick Particles whereupon sluggish Animal Spirits being not endued with an expansive nature do not render the nervous Fibres plump and stiff There are many kinds of a Palsey Many kinds of a Palsey sometimes the Sense is lost and the Motion preserved and other times the Motion is taken away and the Sense remanent The sensitive Faculty is abolished and the Motive not disaffected when the Sight Hearing Tast and Smell In one kind the Sensitive Faculty is abolished and the Motive preserved are highly discomposed or taken away as the Nerves appropriated to the said Senses are obstructed by gross Recrements or compressed by extravasated Blood or Recrements shutting up the spaces of the Visory Auditory Tasting or Smelling nervous Filaments whereupon the progress of the Animal Liquor is stopped and the nervous Fibres consigned to the sensitive powers rendred relaxed and disabled to accomplish the operations of the outward Senses The Motion is taken away by the paucity of the Animal Spirits The Motion is taken away by the paucity or indisposiâ—ion of Animal Spirits or rather by the indisposition of them when they have lost their tensive and elastick quality not expanding the Interstices of the nervous Filaments so that they have not been stiff and plump and thereby made uncapable to execute the motive faculty of the Limbs Some have imagined that the Sense of Touching hath been abolished Some conceive that the Sense of Touching hath been lost and Motion preserved and Motion at the same time preserved entire to which this reply may be given That this Hypothesis wanteth a clear stating whether these different operations of Sense and Motion be meant of the same or of diverse parts if it be understood of the same it is improbable by reason that the Cutis is the organ of Touching but not of Motion which is performed by carnous Fibres of the Muscles which are deficient in the Skin only endued with nervous Fibrils the instrument of Touching and when they have lost their Sensation as it is sometimes found in Scorbutick Habits of Body the Succus Nervosus and the Animal Spirits relating to the Coats are depraved whereupon the cutaneous Nerves grow flabby and relaxed and lose their sense of Touching as in a paralytick distemper and yet at the same time the carnous Fibres of the Muscles retain their Motion as their Nerves are rendred Tense by the Spirits and elastick Particles of Animal Liquor invigorating the nervous Filaments seated in the Muscles which is taken away in the Limbs and most parts of the Body upon the compression of the spinal Marrow by Blood or serous Recrements falling down from the Brain in an Apoplexy whence ariseth a Hemiplegia a loss of Motion in half the Body or this defect of Motion in the Musclar parts may proceed from a wound in or great blow upon the Spine in which cases the current of the Animal Liquor and Spirits is intercepted As to the Prognosticks of this Disease it is very hard to be cured The Prognosticks of a Palsey as the Brain Spinal Marrow and Nerves are affected and as a resolution of one or more parts is made which is removed with great difficulty especially if this Disease be a consequent of an Apoplexy Carus Lethargy and the like As the Palsey is caused by a defluxion of ill Humors from the Brain to the Medulla Spinalis where a Paraplegia is produced and from thence the offensive Matter sometimes hath a recourse to the Brain as some Learned Men will have it but it seemeth more agreeable to Reason that a new Apoplexy is made by a farther stagnation of Blood or other gross Recrements compressing the nervous Compage of the Brain which are brought into the Brain by the carotide Arteries so that the offensive Matter compressing the Medulla Spinalis is not brought upward from thence into the substance of the Brain The Palsey is less dangerous when only the Sense or Motion is taken away and worse where both are disaffected and the danger is greater when the Brain or Medulla Spinalis are obstructed or compressed which often proveth fatal to the Patient A Palsey is hardly cured which proceedcth from an extraordinary Contusion of any Vertebral or some other eminent Trunks of Nerves which doth not only proceed from the Attrition of Nerves but also from the inflammation of the neighbouring parts by extravasated Blood coming from lacerated vessels whence ariseth a Tumor compressing the bruised vertebral Nerves and aggravating the Palsey A Tremor supervening this Disease speaketh somewhat of hope as it denoteth some vigor of the relaxed parts productive of a tremulous Motion whereby the progress of the Animal Liquor and Spirits is in some degree promoted And if the resolved Limbs be acted with heat it giveth some hope of recovery as it is enlivened in part by Vital and Animal Liquor if the indisposed Limb do labour of an Atrophy or hath lost its natural heat and vivid colour it speaketh a great difficulty of Cure because the part affected is destitute of vital heat and nourishment which is occasioned by the defect of the Succus Nervosus a main ingredient of Nutricion as confederated with the Albuminous parts of the Blood and assimilated into the substance of the part In all disaffections of the Nerves A Fever is good in Paralitick Distempers as in paralitick Diseases flowing from cold serous and pituitous Recrements a Fever is very advantageous as discharging the offensive Matter by a free transpiration and frequent Sweats passing through the Pores of the Skin which warms and exsiccates the Nerves and as to the Fibrils heat enlargeth the narrow spaces of the nervous Filaments and maketh way for the reception and progress of the Animal Liquor rendring the Nerves Tense and disposed for motion The Cure of this Disease is very various The methods of a Cure of a Palsey are different as they succeed various Diseases as proceeding from several causes speaking different methods and Medicines appropriated to diverse kinds of this Disease as it is successive to other Diseases or proceeding from some evident or some antecedent or from procatarctick causes In reference to a Palsey supervening an Apoplexy Carus Convulsive motion and the like which being primary Diseases productive of a Palsey do indicate Bleeding Bleeding and Purging Medicines are proper when a Palsey is a consequent of an Apoplexy Carus c. and Purgative Medicines mixed with Cephalicks Clysters made of Emollients and discutients to which may be added purging Electuaries Syrupes c. As also Cupping-glasses Vesicatories Sternutatories Cephalick Julapes Pills Powders which have been already more largely Treated of in the Cure of an Apoplexy Carus c. And if this paralytick Disease be not conquered in a Fortnight or Fifteen days as it groweth radicated and habitual it relates to a preservatory Indication which I intend hereafter to propound A Palsey derived from
an evident cause A Palsey proceeding from an evident cause indicates Bleeding after a Clyster hath been injected And then gentle Diureticks and Diaphoreticks may be administred Diuretick Powders of a Stroke Fall Wound that the prejudiced part may be restored again an apertion of a Vein may be proper as lessening the mass of Blood and diverting it from the part affected after an emollient and discutient Clyster hath been administred and rejected gentle Diureticks and Diaphoreticks may be safely advised to make good the circulation of the Blood and discharge its serous Recrements whereby the part aggrieved is eased As also Diuretick Powders made of the Four cooling Seeds Chervil Golden-rod and the like mixed with Sugar or a Powder recited in the Augustan Dispensatory drinking immediately after it an Apozeme prepared with opening and Diuretick Medicines or vulnerary Diet-drinks The dislocated Vertebers are to be reduced Or if a Dislocation be made of the vertebers of the Spine they are to be reduced to their natural situation by a dextrous Chyrurgeons hand And afterward Balsomes Liniments may be applied as also Fomentations Cataplasmes Emplaistres of Oxycroceum e Minio e Mucilaginibus of Paracelsus and if the Tumor of the Chine remain resolving and discutient Bathings may be outwardly administred An habitual Palsey depending upon Procatarctick and antecedent causes being considered in actu signato or exercito in fieri or factum esse An habitual Palscy claims a peculiar Cure doth challenge to it self a peculiar way of Cure As to the Procatarctick causes belonging to this Disease A respect must be had to the Sex res non naturales in the cure of a Palsey a care must be had of the Sex res non naturales that they may be disposed in good order according to Art And the intentions of a Palsey in relation to its antecedent causes do denote the goodness of Chyle and mass of Blood which is effected by a good Diet and proper Ferments of the Stomach depending on a laudable Vital and nervous Liquor the Materia substrata and subject of the Animal Spirits To this intent courses of Physick may be administred Medicines prepared with Cephalicks and Antiscorbuticks As also Chalybeats are goo din this Disease prepared with Cephalicks and Antiscorbuticks mixed with purging medicines and after them in a Plethorick Body Bleeding may be advised and then Chalybeat Medicines may be taken of Tinctures Syrupes Powders given in Electuaries made of Temperate Scorbutick and Cephalick ingredients drinking after them a good draught of a proper Apozeme Vomitories may be prescribed in a foul Stomack Vomitories may be advised in a foul Stomach opening the obstructions of the Liver Spleen Pancreas made of the infusion of Crocus metallorum Salt of Vitriol Oxymel or Wine of Squills or some few grains of Mercurius vitae which is not to be given but in robust Bodies Fontanels may be made in the Neck between the Shoulders Fontanels very propeâ— in a Palsey in the Thigh or Leg which are very beneficial in this case Ale is proper medicated with the Leaves of Sage Betony Rorismary as also the Flowers of Lime Lily of the Valley Sage Paeony Rorismary Betony and the like And not only the Continent and Procatarctick causes of a Palsey are to be considered but the ill habit of the body too The ill habit of the Body is to be considered in a confirmed Palsey Purgatives and Alteratives as Apozemes Electuaries are proper for a habitual Palsey if the Disease groweth habitual as highly radicated and in this case a care must be had that Bleeding and violent Purging be omitted as Nature is highly weakened by the length of the Disease so that gentle Purgatives mixed with Antiscorbuticks Diureticks may now and then be given as also Cephalick Apozemes Electuaries prepared with Chalybeats which do refine the Blood nervous Liquor and Spirits and corroborate the Nerves which are relaxed or resolved in this Disease In a Palsey proceeding from pituitous or serous Recrements of the Brain Medicines for pituitous or serous Recrements of the Brain an Electuary may be advised prepared with the Leaves of Water-cresses the Flowers of Sage Betony Paeony Rorismary and Condite Eryngo-roots Condite Nutmegs Mace as also with the Powders of Crabs Eies Millepedes and a little of Castor and Amber made up with Syrupe of Sage-Flowers or Lavender drinking after it a good draught of an Apozeme made of Sarzaparilla China Guiacum Sassafras infused and boiled in fair water and to the Colature may be added of the Leaves of Betony Sage Rorismary of the Flowers of the same which may be arotamised with Mace Nutmegs c. and sweetned with Syrupe of Lavender or Lime-Flowers Or a Milk-water may be thus prepared Take of the Bark of Winteran A distilled Milk-water of the chips of Auranges and Limons of each Two Ounces of the Roots or Leaves of Cuckowpintle of the Leaves of Garden Scorby-grass Water-cresses Sage Betony of the Flowers of Lavender Sage Rorismary Nutmegs Millepedes which may be besprinkled First with Wine and stand a convenient time and afterward a large quantity of Milk may be added and a distillation made in a Rose Still To every Dose of this distilled water may be added some drops of Spirit of Salt Armoniack succinated Spirits of Salt Armoniack succinated or of Harts-horn Sutt Blood c. Tinctures of Turpentine Antimony or Amber or Elixir Proprieratis Bezoar Mineral or of Spirit of Hartshorn Sutt Blood c. Dr. Willis adviseth Tincture of Mercury Terebinth or Tincture of Antimony or Amber Elixir proprietatis or Paeony c. The Powder of the Flesh of Vipers and of the Hearts and Livers may be given in distilled waters of the Flowers of Lavender Sage Betony Rorismary c. Bezoar Mineral Solar mixed with Powder of Cloves Nutmegs Mace and once in Four or Five days gentle Purgatives prepared with Cephalicks are to be advised Trochischi de Mirrha Trochischi and Pills or Hysterici as also Pills made of Castor Amber Powder of Millepedes and of the Roots or Leaves of Ground Pine made into Pills with Syrupe of Paeony may be beneficial Powder of Zedoary Galangal Cardamom Specier Diambr may be given in a draught os some Specifick or Cephalick water or in the Magistral Milk-water prescribed above And last of all in this Palsey Fomentation of the Chine proceeding from cold causes the Spine may be bathed with compound Spirit of Lavender or the Queen of Hungarys Water or with Oil of Amber and the like Natural Baths Natural Baths which being sulphureous and Bituminous do heat dry and corroborate the Brain and Spinal Marrow and are very advantageous after universal evacuations have been celebrated A Palsey proceeding from Bilious Recrements A Bilious Palsey doth indicate more milde and temperate Medicines oppressing the Brain and Medulla Spinalis doth indicate more mild and temperate Medicines as Electuaries made of Conserve of Lime-Flowers Lily of the
Valley Peagles Betony Fumitery mixed with Species Diambrae Powder of Red Coral Crabs Eies prepared Pearl Crabs Claws made into an Electuary with the Syrupe of Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley drinking after it a draught of Milk-water made with the Leaves of Betony Water-cresses Brook-lime Ground Pine Cowslips Mountain Sage of the Flowers of Lime Lily of the Valley Sage Rorismary distilled with Milk in a Rose Still And in this case Apozemes an Apozeme may be given made of China Sarza-parilla shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn infused and boiled in Water in the Colature may be infused the Flowers of Betony Cowslips Lime and Paeony to which being strained Syrupe of Lime-Flowers may be added A Palsey taketh its rise from a Scorbutick indisposition of Body spoiling the Albuminous part of the Blood the ground of the Succus Nervosus and its more refined Particles This indisposition is regulated by proper Antiscorbuticks Antiscorbutick Juyces made of the juyces of Garden Scorby-grass Brook-lime Water-cresses Auranges which being depurated per residentiam may be given in a proper Milk-water made of Antiscorbuticks and Cephalicks distilled in a small proportion of White Wine mixed with a large quantity of Milk in a Rose Still Electuaries Antiscorbutick Electuarics made of the Conserve of Garden-Cresses Chervil Water-Cresses Garden Scorby-grass prepared with the Powder of Egg-shels Red Coral Pearl Ivory Crabs Eies made into the Consistence of an Electuary with the Syrupe of the opening Roots drinking after it a good draught of a Diet-drink A Diet-drink prepared with China Sarza-parilla Ivory and Hartshorn shavings Raisins of the Sun stoned and in the Liquor being boiled and strained may be infused the tops of Pine and Firre and the Colature being strained may be sweetned with the Syrupe of Cowslips or Lime-Flowers Pills made of testaceous Powders Millepedes formed into Pills Pills made of Millepedes and of testaceous Powders c. A Diet-drink with Venice Turpentine may be proper in a Scorbutick Palsey drinking after it a draught of Diet-drink made of China Sarza-parilla c. as above Or a Decoction made of Ground Ivy and Antiscorbuticks and Cephalicks of Mountain Sage Water-cresses Brookelime Flowers of Betony Paeony Sage Rorismary c. Diaphoreticks may be of great use in this Disease Diaphoreticks are very useful in a Palsey as Sweats do depurate the Blood and Succus Nervosus produced by Diet-drinks of Sarza-parilla China c. or by testaceous Powders Spirits and Extracts of Guaicum Flowers and Spirit of Salt Armoniack succinated Salt and Wine of Vipers Diaphoretick Antimony Bezoartick Mineral c. drinking after them a good draught of a proper Diet-drink Mercurial Medicines productive of Salivation Some propound Mercurial Medicines in a stubborn Palsey are propounded by some in desperate and habitual Palseys which method of Physick may prove fatal in weak Bodies as Mercurial Medicines highly infect the Brain Spinal Marrow and Nerves And last of all when universal evacuations have been administred Topicks may be applied when universal evacuations have been made Topicks may be applied made of Spirit of Wine in which the Flowers of Sage Rorismary Lavender may be infused As also Balsomes mixed with Oil of Fox Worms Castor the Queen of Hungarys Water with which the whole Spine is to be annointed and afterward covered with Flannel The Paralitick parts are to be warmly clothed with Furrs or the like And at other times when Ointments are not applied the Spine and Resolved parts may be invested with several sorts of Furrs which much cherish the relaxed and weakened Limbs CHAP. LXXVII Of the Scurvey HAving Treated of many Diseases relating more particularly to the Head I will conclude its Pathology with a Disease which may claim the Appellative of Universal The Scurvey is a kind of universal Disease as it not only affecteth the nervous Liquor and its more refined Particles the Animal Spirits but their subject too the fibrous Compage of the Brain lodged in the highest Apartiment and all the Viscera the choice housholdstuff of the middle and lowest story of the Body That the nature of the Scurvey may be rendred more clear I shall endeavour to give a History of its Subject Causes and Symptomes in order to a Cure As to its Subject I humbly conceive it is originally seated in the Stomach The First seat of the Scurvey as it taketh its rise from an ill Concoction producing a crude Chyle which being not well prepared in the Ventricle maketh an ill mass of Blood indisposing the Viscera as not receiving a due percolation in them whereupon the Blood is debased and depauperated as affected with gross sulphureous and saline Particles unduely exalted so that the vital and nervous Liquor being vitiated and dispirited do produce a Complication of Diseases seated in many parts of the Body commonly called the Scurvey an Imperial Malady attended with a great train of Symptomes In the highest a partiment it produceth great and periodical pains The Symptomes of the Scurvey in the Head as now and then affecting the coats of the Brain with a hot and ill mass of Blood and sometimes Drowsiness and othertimes Watchfulness Lightness of the Head Convulsions a Palsey in several parts of the Body caused by an ill Succus Nervosus the companions of this Disease are also Ulcers of the Tongue and Palate coming from sharp Recrements of the Blood depurated in the oral Glands spued out by the excretory Ducts into the skin of the Tongue and Palate which are often bedewed with a quantity of salival Liquor causing frequent Spittings attended with Ulcers of the Gums looseness of Teeth and an ill savour of the Mouth stenched with corrupt serous parts of the Blood corroding the Gums and their ligaments loosening the Teeth from their repositories whereupon they grow laxe and sometimes drop out of the Mandibles The parts of the middle Apartiment in the Scurvey The Symptomes of the Scurvey in the Thorax are afflicted with great Stiches and shooting pains of the Sides and Sternon arising from sharp Particles of Blood torturing the Pleura and Mediastine The Lungs also often labour of a great difficulty of breathing briskly endeavouring by often repeated acts of Respiration to pump the gross mass of Blood from one Cistern of the Heart through the pulmonary Artery and Veins into the other whereupon the Heart being often oppressed with too great a source of thick dispirited Blood is highly discomposed with disorderly pulsations Palpitations The Symptomes of the Scurvey in the lowest Venter Lypothymies Synocops c. The Viscera also of the lowest Apartiment are highly anoyed in this Disease The Stomach laboureth of nauseousness belchings vomiting pains proceeding from sharp and pituitous flatulent Recrements floating up and down in the Stomach the sad consequents of an ill concoctive Faculty proceeding from ill Ferments The Hypocondres are often afflicted with inflations and croakings which arise from Wind passing down the Guts often productive
of Cholick pains when its course is intercepted whereupon the coats of the Intestines are puffed up and aggrieved by the tensive and elastick Particles of Wind which always endeavouring to expand themselves grow impatient when they are confined within narrow bounds Sometimes this Disease causeth a Diarrhaea and othertimes a Dysentery coming from a quantity of thin sharp Recrements solliciting and corroding the Intestines in order to expulsion In this the ambient parts and habit of the Body The Symtomes of the Scurvey in the habit and ambient parts of the Body Severe wandring pains are often felt proceeding from sharp and serous parts of the Blood and nervous Liquor torturing the membranous and fibrous parts of the Muscles and Periostia of the Bones this Disease is also accompanied with a spontaneous weariness and great weakness of the Limbs rendring them unfit for motion which proceedeth from an ill nervous Liquor void of good Animal Spirits as losing much of their tensive Particles whereupon the Nerves and carnous Fibres grow flaccide and faint in their Contractions so that the Muscles often lose their plumpness whence ariseth an Atrophy of the whole Body and the outward parts are beset with spots of various colours of Red and Yellow as the thinner parts of purer Blood or as mixed with Choler are carried through the excretory Ducts and setled in the Skin which is sometimes infested with Tumors coming from extravasated Humors and other times with Ulcers flowing from sharp corroding Recrements of the Blood and with a Scab or Scurf derived from the ill gross saline Particles discharged by the excretory cutaneous Ducts concreted upon and adhering to the surface of the ambient parts of the Body Having given an account of the subject and the various symptomes of this Disease and their Aetiology I conceive it agreeable to Reason to shew you the causes of it The procatartick cause may be a gross Air in Maritime and Fenny places An ill Air is a procatar ick cause of the Scurvey as infected with thick and moist vapors arising out of the Earth as the Air is poisoned with malignant influences of the Planets so that the ill Air mixing in the Mouth with the masticated Aliment doth very much spoil its concoction in the Stomach by reason the Air having lost much of its elastick Particles cannot open the Compage of the Meat and prepare it for the extracting an alimentary Tincture Gros Aliment is a remote cause of the Scurvey which especially happens when the Aliment it self is hard to be concocted as in Fish salted and Flesh treated after the same manner and hardned by Smoak whereupon most of their succulent Alimentary Matter is dryed up by Salt or extracted by the heat of the Fire and Smoak so that the Earthy and subtle parts of Flesh or Fish can give no Aliment and put the Stomach upon a great trouble to sever the little Alimentary Particles from the Tartar in which they are highly and closely confined Another reason of the ill concoction of Aliment The ill Ferments of the Stomach are remote causes of this Disease making a crude Chyle the remote cause of the Scurvey are the ill Ferments of the Stomach endued with over acide or fixed saline Particles which spoil the bounty of the Chyle and make an ill mass of Blood as depressed with acide or fixed saline Elements whereupon it may be inferred with good Reason that the material cause of the Scurvy being a depraved mass of Blood must necessarily indispose all the apartiments of the Body and the various integuments encircling them and all parts lodged in their warm Bosome The source of this Disease must be in the noblest Liquors passing the whole which are the vital and nervous juyce giving Life Heat Sense Motion and Nourishment That the Blood hath a great share in the production of the Scurvey Ill Blood is an antecedent cause of the Scurvey may be made appear by its high ebullition and fermentation and by various spots and little Tumors besetting the Skin and a thick high coloured Urine much resembling Lees of Wine in colour and consistence And not only an ill mass of Blood A vitiated nervous Liquor is another cause of it but a depraved nervous Liquor often infected by it very much contributeth to the generation of this Disease declared in the most troublesome pains of the membranous nervous and tendinous parts of the Body giddiness of the Head and its weakness and Convulsive motions spontaneous weariness and a paralitick distemper which do all flow from a vitiated nervous Liquor spoiling the tone of the fibrous Compage of the Brain and Branches and plexes of Nerves imparted to the whole Body As to the ill constitution of the Blood productive of the Scurvey Ingenious Dr. A comparison of Wine with the mass of Blood Willis compareth it to Wine which laboureth of a kind of Sickness as well as Blood upon a double account either as some extraneous ingredient not easily mixing with the Liquor is put into it or when the crasis of the juyce is perverted because one or more Elements are too much depressed or others too much exalted As to the first it may be observed in Wine Extraneous ingredients cast into Wine resemble the heterogenous and confused parts of Blood that where some Grease or Brimstone is cast into it a great Fermentation ariseth and unless it be allayed in a short space the bounty of the Wine will be destroyed and after the same manner some heterogeneous Body running confused with the Blood doth disturb its regular motion as a Chyme being crude or endued with acide or saline Elements associateth with the Blood and rendreth it highly Fermentative and obnoxious to variety of diseases Wine Wine and Blood are debased when their active and spirituous principles are over-powred by gross Elements as well as Blood doth first degenerate from its laudable and native disposition as being debased or corrupted when its spirituous and more active principles of Salt and Sulphur are overpowred by other gross Elements whereupon they cannot extricate themselves and grow clear and spirituous but remaining gross the Wine is endued with an unpleasant Tast degenerating into a paled Liquor called Vappa in Latine The Blood is somewhat akin to this kind of sick Wine as its more agile volatil saline and sulphureous Particles are depressed by more gross so that the vital Liquor becometh crude and watry as in a Dropsy void of a due Consistence and spirituous parts which give Life and intestine Motion to the Blood Secondly Wine and Blood grow dispirited by too great effervescence by exalted oily Particles Wine loseth its good temper as the sulphureous parts growing too exalted do raise an immoderate effervescence called Fretting by the Vintners and not unlike to this the oily parts of the Blood getting a high Dominion over the Saline do make a great ebullition in the Heart productive of a Fever
Thirdly in Wine Wine and Blood are turned acide when the Saline parts over-act the Sulphureous the Spirit being evaporated by the ambient heat of the Air or the sulphureous parts being too much depressed the Saline over-act the other Elements and turn Wine into Vineger in this a parallel of Wine may be made with Blood labouring under too active saline parts which being over-exalted do obtain a Fluor and render the Blood acide found in melancholy distempers Fourthly Wine loseth its good temper when its spirituous parts are too much depressed and the sulphureous and saline Elements being in combination are too highly advanced growing viscide and mucilaginous whereupon Wines become over-fretted or ropy as the Vintners the Masters of the Art of curing Wines do phrase it Generous Wines upon the Lees in hot weather have a long and great Fermentation as the various Elements have great contests with each other and the spirituous parts do partly evaporate and are partly confounded with more gross Elements whereupon the Sulphur being very exuberant is more and more exalted and the spirituous part adhaering to the saline doth advance it and alter the mixtion of the Elements to which being added the eminent combination of the Sulphur and Salt the Wine acquireth a rancide oleaginous Consistence And the Fermentation of the Blood in the Scurvey somewhat resembleth that of Wine in reference to the former acide disposition Blood resembleth Wine as growing acide by the Saline parts brought to a Fluor coming from saline Elements brought to a Fluor which appeareth plain in acide saline parts of Spittle spued out of the oral Glands with serous Liquor discharged out of the glandulous coat of the Stomach by excretory Ducts into its Cavity and afterward thrown off by Vomiting And the Blood also is like over-fretted Wine in its exalted Sulphur Wine and Blood are alike as growing mucilaginous by too great a Fermentâ—tion and Salt as nearly associated making a rancide clammy quality in the Blood whereupon it groweth gross producing a Cough and difficulty of Breathing and a Leucophlegmatia as stagnating in the substance of the Muscular parts of the Body Farthermore the Dyscrasy of the Blood in a Scorbutick habit of Body is somewhat related to Wine as it proceedeth from sulphureous-saline Elements when the Blood is over-powred with Sulphur entring into confederacy with a less active Salt whereupon the vital Liquor acted with an over-fretting motion doth discharge its adust Recrements by the hepatick Glands and excretory Vessels into the Ductus cholidochus and Intestines and its saline Particles into the Renal Glands and Urinary Vessels and Ureters into the Bladder And the Sulphureous saline Recrements of the Blood The exalted fulphureous parts are the cause of the over-fretting of the Blood being of a restless Fermentative disposition are transmitted out of the Left Ventricle of the Heart First into arterial Trunks and then into smaller and smaller Branches till at last they land in the cutaneous Glands wherein the adust and saline Recrements being secerned from the more pure parts of the Purple Liquor are carried by excretory ducts into the surface of the Cuticula where they are setled or concreted making Spots Scabs Scurfe Tumors Ulcers c. And if these sulphureous and salt Faeces of the Blood be transmitted by the caeliack Artery into the Stomach they produce great pains Vomitings and if they be discharged by the mesenterick Arteries into the Intestines they make Cholick pains Diarrhaeas Dysenteries c. And if the saline Recrements of the Blood being more predominant The Fermentation is more moderate when the Saline are predominant over the Sulphureous do embody with the concreted oily Particles the ebullition and fermentation of the vital Liquor is more moderate and so its rancide or mucilaginous Particles make a slow circulation through the Viscera wherein great obstructions are produced as clammy parts of the Blood do adhere to the sides of the Vessels in their passage producing a Jaundise in the Liver and a slow motion of the Blood in the Renal Glands generateth the Stone in the Kidneys when the Tartar of the Blood associated with viscide Recrements is concreted and this gross mucilaginous Blood passing through the substance of the Lungs The cause of a difficult Respiration in the Lungs and of dreadful Symptomes in the Heart maketh a difficult Respiration and this over-fretting viscid Blood taking its progress through the ventricles of the Heart maketh Palpitations Lipothymies Syncopes irregular Pulsations and polypose Concretions which proceed from a gross mass of Blood which moving slowly highly oppresseth and is ready to suffocate the Heart Having discoursed of the discrasy of the Blood and its Elements in a Scorbutick disaffection I will take the freedom now to declare how the ill principles of the Purple juyce do infect the nervous Liquor which in its own Ingeny is very mild and thin The nervous Liquor is very much exalted by the nitrous saline Particles of Air and advanced by the influences of the Planets endued with spirituous and volatil saline Particles much improved by the subtle nitrous Particles of Air advanced with aethereal Atomes and is exalted by the more benigne influxes of the Sun Moon and Stars whereupon the Animal Spirits having a subtle elastick Nature do insinuate themselves between the Filaments of nervous Fibrils constituting the curious Compage of the Brain and render them tense and fit for the exercises of the nobler and more mean operations of Reason and Sense which they celebrate in great perfection as long as the Blood is accomplished with fine vital Particles which being very much impaired in an acide disposition or when it is debased with gross sulphureous and saline Recrements too much depressing the spirituous parts of the Blood or when it is rendred viscide and oleaginous by too much exalted oily Particles combining with the saline putting the Blood into an over-fretting disposition The nervous Liquor is depraved by the ill Elements of the Blood causing many Cephalick Diseases which vitiateth the purity of the nervous Liquor and taketh off the brightness of the Rays and delicacy of the Temper relating to the Animal Spirits by making them decline toward an acide disposition whereby they grow depauperated and dispirited as losing their elastick Nature and brisk active temper the cause of many Cephalick Diseases of Meagrums Palsies Tremors Pains Convulsive motions c. which take their first rise from a discrasy of the Blood and nervous Liquor residing in a Scorbutick habit of Body Many Learned Professors of our Faculty have made the Scurvey a kind of Farrago of all Diseases which renders the Art of Physick confused in a complication of numerous Maladies having one appellative This may be truly asserted that a Scorbutick habit of Body proceeding from a dyscrasy of Blood The Scurvey is a Parent of many Diseases is a Parent of many disaffections from which almost all
discharging the saline parts of the Blood by Urine made of the roots of Cuckowpintle Diureticks proper in the Scurvey Horse-Radish of the Leaves of Garden-Cresses Chervil Sowes prepared in Water and Rhenish-wine The juyces of Scurvey-grass Anâ—iscorbutick Juyces Brooklime Water-cresses Chervil Garden-cresses Oranges Wood-sorrel because the last defaecate the Antiscorbutick Liquors some of which being depurated per residentiam may be taken in Ale Wine Posset-drink or Whey Or Expressions may be given with benefit made of Antiscorbuticks and of shavings of the Roots of Horse-radish Cuckow-pintle of the Leaves of Brooklime Watercresses Chervil Garden-cresses c. put into a Pipkin with White-wine or Rhenish Canary or Sherry c. and after a due infusion may be strained off and used Syrupes may be made of the Juyces of Brooklime Antiscorbutick Syrupes Water-cresses Chervil Garden-cresses Oranges depurated per residentiam and put into a Glass bottle close stopped and prepared B. M. with a due quantity of fine Sugar Distilled Waters may be prepared with the chips of Oranges Distilled Waters Limons Winterbark and with Leaves of Scurvey-grass Brooklime Water-cresses Chervil tops of Broom Garden-cresses Worms Snails Sows Nutmegs c. may be distilled in Milk Whey Mumm Sider to which may be added some White-wine in a Rose Still A Water may be prepared with Winterbark the Rind of Tamarisc the Chips of Oranges and Limons Roots of Horse-radish Cukowpintle c. In Winter when there are very few Green Herbs the Leaves of Garden and Sea Scorby-grass the tops of Broom Pine and Firr the middle Rind of Elder and Ash roots of Horse-radish Winterbark may be distilled in Ale Antiscorbutick Spirits Whey Milk Sider Mumm c. Spirits made of Scurvey-grass Water-cresses Horse-radish Cuckow-pintle Hartshorn Salt Armoniack succinated may be prepared and given in a few drops in some convenient Antiscorbutick distilled Water in Fainting Fits when the gross Blood is ready to stagnate in the chambers of the Heart or when it is highly dispirited in this Disease Ale or Wine medicated with chips of Oranges Limons and with the Leaves of Water-cresses Brooklime Pine Firr tops of Broom Coriander Seeds Nutmegs Sowes c. may be very advantageous in this Disease Or the roots of Docks Horse-radish Eryngium Medicatâ—d Ale good in Scurvey the Leaves of Agrimony Harts-tongue Chervil Garden-cresses chips of Oranges Limons Coriander Seed Nutmegs to which may be added the juyces of Oranges Brooklime Water-cresses Garden Scurvey-grass may be put into new Ale before it hath done working Testaceous Powders are also useful in this Malady made of Crabs Claws Testaceous Powders Crabs Eies Coral Pearl Egg-shels c. given in some Antiscorbutick Apozeme As also Powders prepared with Cuckowpintle and with the Leaves of Water-Germander Ground-pine Wood-lice Tartar c. may be given in some Antiscorbutick distilled water Electuaries are proper made of the Conserve of Water-cresses Brooklime Electuaries Wood-sorrel Fumitery to which may be added the Powder of Cuckow-pintle Wood-lice Salt of Prunell and Condited root of Eryngium Pills of Citron Oranges or Limons well pounded in a Mortar and Condited and made into the consistence of an Electuary with the Syrupe of the Five opening Roots drinking after every Dose of the Electuary a good draught of an Antiscorbutick Apozeme or distilled water mixed with some compound Horse-radish water Or an Electuary may be made of the Conserve of the Flowers or Fruit of Sweet-briar of the Leaves of Fumitery Wood-sorrel prepared with the Powders of Coral Crabs Eies Crabs Claws Pearl and made into the consistence of an Electuary with the Augustan Syrupe or that of Fumitery or Water-cresses drinking after it as above advised A Water made of Lime with Coriander-seeds Lime-water good in the Scurvey and other ingredients according to the common receipt may be of great use to open the obstructions of the Viscera and to refine the gross and depraved mass of Blood in scorbutick dispositions of Body Chalybeate Medicines as Powder of Steel prepared with Sulphur Chalybeat preparations or Syrupe of Steel prepared with its Salt or with crude Steel or the tincture of it prepared with Tartar may be given in some proper Antiscorbutick Apozemes or Distilled water and once in Four or Five days a draught of a gentle Purging Diet-drink or Pilulae tartareae Bontii or Quercetaâ—i or some proper Purging Powders or Bolus The purging Mineral Waters of Epsam or Dulige Barnet Northall Acton Purging Mineral Water Stratham c. As also the Mineral waters of Turnbridge Rotherfield Withiham Blackboys near Lewis c. which purge by Urine Diuretick Mineral Waters and open the obstructions of the Viscera and defaecate the mass of Blood from its acide saline and sulphureous Recrements the main causes of the Scurvey In reference to the Stomach bitter Medicines may be used Bitter Medicines are good for the Stomach in the Scurvey prepared with the roots of Gentian Centaury the less Wormwood Salendine the great Seeds of Carduus Citrons c. Elixir proprietatis may also be given in the Alexiterial Milk-water or in Hocumor Rhenish wine or in any Decoction made of bitter ingredients Fomentations made with Centaury the less Wormwood Fomentations for the Stomach Berries of Bays Juniper Seeds of Flax Faenugreek the Flowers of Chamaemel Melilote boiled in Water to which at last Wine or Brandy may be added do corroborate the Stomach and discharge flatulent Matter lodged in the Stomach and Guts Hepatick Medicines in obstructions of the Liver In reference to the obstructions of the Liver Turmerick Salendine the great the Rind of Berberies the Leaves of Agrimony Harts-tongue shavings of Ivory may be boiled in water adding some Wine at last and it being strained may be sweetened with Syrupe of the Five opening Roots In point of a difficult Breathing Medicines proper for an Asthma complicated with the Scurvey Pectorals may be administred prepared with the Leaves of Dogs-grass Asparagus and the Leaves of Ground-Ivy Hysop Pine Firr Wood-lice c. boiled in Water and Wine and sweetened with Syrupe of Ground-Ivy as also a Linctus may be made of Oxymel simplex Scibliticum Syrupe of Horehound Vinegar mixed with Powder of Wood-lice Liquorice and made into a Lambitive with the Syrupe of Maydenhair And above all in a Scorbutick Astma flowing from abundance of Blood accompanied with Phlegmatick or gross saline and sulphureous Recrements Purgatives and Bleeding may be advised In Cephalick Diseases comomplicated with Scorbutick disaffections flowing from acide saline and sulphureous Elements tainting the nervous Liquor Cephalicks Cephalick Medicines mixed with Antiscorbuticks are proper in the Scurvey Gargarismes are proper in Diseases of the Mouth mixed with Antiscorbuticks are very proper which do refine the Blood and Animal Liquor and reduce its Spirits to a laudable Constitution and corroborate the laxe Tone of the fibrous Compage relating to the Brain In disaffections of the Mouth Gums laxity of the Teeth abounding
branches of Blood-vessels and more inwardly Embroidered it with various ranks of Muscular Fibres after the manner of Network as so many Organs to give motion life and refinement to the Blood the Fountain Life Thou hast formed the Lungs as an Organ of Respiration a Systeme of divers Pipes and Vessels of Air to improve the Blood by its Nitrous and Elastick Particles and to fan and refresh the Vital Flame by its cold Atomes Thou hast outwardly encircled the highest Apartiments with many common Integuments and chiefly with the Tables of the Skull as with Walls of Ivory and within with finer Membranes stretched out as Curtains and Vails to cover and overshade the bright intelligent Orb of the Brain a white pulpy substance consisting of many Processes beset with many streaks which are a Contexture of many Fibrils resembling rays of Light through which the Emanations of Animal Spirits are diffused In the lower Story of a Humane Body Thou turnest Aliment into Milk in the middle Milk into Blood in the highest its Cristalline part into Animal Liquor enobled by choice Spirits Grant O holy Jesus the Great Physician of Soul and Body that as our natural Life is preserved by these several changes so our spiritual may be raised up by more noble Transmutations that our Reason may be converted into Religion and our Nature into Grace in this World and our Grace into Glory in the World to come through the Lord of Life and Glory To whom with the Father and holy Ghost be all Praise Dominion Eucharist Adoration and Obedience now and for ever Amen To the Right HONOURABLE The Lord CHARLES CHEYNE Vicount of NEWHAVEN My LORD THE great Complaisance and endearing Civility with which your Lordship treateth those who have the Honor of your Acquaintance giveth me the Confidence and you the Trouble of this Paper speaking my Ambition to be farther known to your Lordship in presenting you with my most Humble Duty Place this Sheet before the Preface of the Tables and mean Sentiments which cannot Contribute any thing to the advancement of your great Knowledge All that I can pretend to in this Humble Address to your Lordship in reference to my Boldness is to receive a favourable Pardon as well as an Honourable Protection The intrinsick Honour of your great reality and most amicable Disposition render me highly a Votary to your Lordship for whom I have most Reverential and Affectionate Esteems and shall ever deem my Self very much Honoured to improve my utmost endeavours in your Service Your Lordship hath travail'd through many Countreys beyond the Seas and made many Observations upon the various Governments of several Republicks and Kingdoms and have not only studied Books but Men and have Learned the Virtues and not the Vices of other Nations giving a Lustre to your Honourable Personage and Fortune which you have made very Renowned in great Hospitality by Caressing your Friends with a Noble and Kind Entertainment the high Expresses of your most entire Love which you have much more enobled by your Piety to God in Obedience to his Holy Laws revealed in his Word and in Justice to your Neighbour in the strict observance of his Sanction and Golden Rule in the Gospel Whatsoever ye would that Men should do to you do you to them And in sobriety to your own Person in regulating your Appetites according to the more refined Dictates of rectified Reason And now I cannot conceal your other Moral Perfections as first your great Loyalty and Veneration of the KING our most Gracious Soveraign whom God long preserve with an high Reverence and Duty as Gods Vicegerent And your Lordship hath a high Value and Affection for the Ministers of the Gospel and their Sacred Office and chiefly for the Function of Bishops as Ecclesiastical Governors Instituted by the Holy Apostles that all things in the Church may be done Decently and in Order and to Reform the irregular Lives of unreasonable Men. And your Lordship is not only a Loyal Subject of His Majesty and true Son of the church but a faithful Friend too of which I have had very much experience who study all ways possible in all good Offices of Love and Kindness to promote the Interest and Happiness of your Acquaintance and have a due Resentment of any civilities paid to your Lordship who are very prone upon all occasions to speak your grateful Returns by way of Compensation I have reason to believe I have long presumed upon your Patience for which I humbly beg your Lordships Pardon in recounting your Perfections which I have performed in all sincerity out of a Principle of Justice without any Flattery in propounding you a great Exemplar for others to Love Admire and Imitate My Lord to your Goodness as great in Honour and to your Honour as great in Goodness are Humbly presented this Free-will Offering and the Author and no Votary Can do more then make his Heart an Oblation as Ambitious to bear the Name and Attribute of being My LORD Your Lordships most Obedient And Obliged Servant SAMUEL COLLINS THE PREFACE TO THE TABLES EXperimental Philosophy is highly advanced by the frequent Dissections of the Body of MAN and other Animals which I have performed with all Care and Fidelity that I might inspect the great Secrets of Nature and declare the Wondrous Works of the All-wise and Omnipotent Protoplast who hath made all things in Number Weight and Measure And I humbly conceive the great Use of Comparative Anatomy is to illustrate the Structure Actions and Uses of Man's Body which are sometimes more clear in that of other Animals than in ours as I have discovered in frequent Dissections to my great satisfaction pleasure and admiration Whereupon I procured my worthy Friend Mr. Faithorne an Excellent Artificer if not the Best in the World in this kind to Engrave the opened parts of the Body and Brain of Man and other Animals Designed from the Life Anatomy is well worthy our high Esteems and great Study speaking a great Accomplishment to Learned Persons of this Age as it is very much conducive to the knowledge of our Great and Glorious Maker and of our Selves and other Animals the wonderful Works of His Hands This Learned part of Philosophy declareth the infinite Attributes of the Almighty Creator who inhabiteth the Light of Light whom no Mortal Eye is able to see Face to Face and live Wherefore the All-wise Law-giver in compliance with our Capacity hath given us the Book of the Creatures wherein we may read His great Perfections imprinted in fair Letters His Omnipotent Power Incomprehensible Wisdom and infinite Goodness His first Attribute appears in creating the goodly Fabrick of the greater World containing variety of Excellent Creatures as so many Rays of His most bright Essence made by His Word out of Nothing And Man the Complement of the Creation and Epitome of the Creatures he created after his own Image in Original Righteousness and Dominion over the Creatures In this great
how the whole Systeme of Vertebers are turned into Bone 1060 How the Vertebers of the Chine grow bony and how the various Processes of the Vertebers are adorned with variety of shapes and sizes and how their articulations grow more firm after the Birth 1061 The Chine is straight after Birth in order to progressive motion and the Figure of the parts of a Verteber is various and how the Processes are seated in the outside of the Vertebers after the manner of Carved work and of the oblique ascendent and descendent Processes and of the Dentiforme Process and of the Fistula Sacra a Cavity of the Chine in which the Medulla Spinalis is lodged 1062 The Epiphyses of every Verteber and their perforations and how the external parts of the Vertebers are solid and the inward more spungy and the Ligaments of the Vertebers are strong and semi-circular 1063 A description of the Verteber of the Chine called Atlas and of the Sinus of the first Verteber and of the Dentiforme Process 1064 and of the Verteber of the Chine called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of its Verteber named Axis and of the motion of the Musculi superiores inferiores turning the Face in several postures The Vertebers of the Chine belonging to the Back and of their Processes and how the body of every Verteber hath a large Sinus 1066 The Vertebers relating to the Loins and how they are eminent for thickness greatness and many perforations Ibid. Part of the Chine called Os Sacrum and its perforations and of another part of the Chine called Os Coccygis and of its substance in Infants 1067 The various uses of the Chine 1068 The Pathology of the Chine and the luxation of the first verteber of the Chine and of the cause and impotence of the whole Body Ibid. The luxation of the vertebers of the Neck and the luxation of the vertebers of the Back and a kind of luxation called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and another luxation named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and how great luxations of the vertebers of the Loins are attended with death and if they be less they are accompanied with suppression of Vrine 1069 Choler and its differences 459 Choler is endued with greater or less degrees of Acrimony as embodied with acide Liquor coming from the Spleen 460 Choler acquireth grossness by its long stay in the Bladder of Gall 460 Choler being most thick is associated with the Blood and carried by the Branches of the Porta into the Glands of the Liver Ibid. Choler and its composition 46. And other times proceed from Humors 340 Chorion and its Figure and it is various in several Animals 635 The rudiment of Conception is from the embodying of both the Seeds 612 A Woman is destitute of Coytâ—dones 632 The Choroeidal Plexe is a Systeme of many parts and of its Origen Membranes and Vessels 1012 The many ranks of Arteries are accompanied with jugular Veins in this Plexe and of its use 1013 Chewing of Aliment 245 to 248. The uses of Chewing 246 Chyle how it is produced and exalted by different Ferments in various parts of the Body 26 Chylification 296 to 298 The Matter of Chylification 309 to 311 The manner of Chylification 312 to 318 The Pathology of the concoctive Faculty 319 to 328 The cure of the ill concoctive Faculty of the Stomach 325 to 328 Chyle in the manner of its production holds some Analogy with the operation of Chymestry 317 The Chyle associates with a Liquor distilling out of the Nerves in the Guts 347 The Chyle how it is concocted in the Mouth Stomach and Guts and its distribution through various lacteal vessels c. 411. And how it is assisted by the Lympha 682 Crude Chyle is not easily assimilated into Blood 135 Crude Chyle is mixed with Blood in the Heart 135 The Connivent Valves of the Guts 350 The concoctive faculty of the Guts is made by the bilious and pancreatick Liquors as Ferments 363 The manner how th◠〈◊〉 is cocted in the Guts 365 The depraved concoctive Faculty of the Guts 370 The Caeliack passion cured 371 The deproved concoctive faculty of the Guts is cured by testaceous Powders 371 The Colick passion 379 Colick passion is distinguished from the pain of the Kidney 380 Colick passion proceeding from an inflammation of the Guts 381 Colick pains arising out of the acrimony of Micous Matter of the Guts 347 Colick pains derived from sharp Humors lodged between the Coats 381 Colick pains coming from the inflation of the Guts 383 Colours of the Face Colours discerned by touch 864. And the causes of White and Red in the Face 865. Different colours are produced by Light allayed with various shades 864 Colours of the Face proceeding from several Liquors 865 Colours seem to be derived from Light sporting upon the Protuberancies and Cavities of Bodies 895 Concretion proceeding from Acide Liquors 426 427 Of Convulsions and Convulsive motions and of their difference and remarkable instances of great Convulsions 1171 How Convulsive motions are nearly related to Convulsions and of their difference taken from their causes and how they are derived from the Brain 1172 The nature of Epileptick Convulsive motions and their subject Origen and how the middle and terminations of the Nerves are concerned in Convulsions 1173 The Procatarctiok and continent cause of Convulsive Motions 1174 Of Convulsive motions in Children and how they affect various parts and the reasons why they are subject to this Disease and of the Blood of Embryos depraved in the Womb 1185. and how it is debased by a due secretion not made in the Glands of the Cutis and Viscera and of the manner of Convulsive motions and of their causes 1186. and how they proceed from the Brain and of their Reason and how they proceed from Fevers 1185 The reason why Children are subject to Convulsive motions and how the ill mass of Blood concurreth to them 1188 The application of Leeches may be made to the Jugulars and of cephalick Waters Powders Apozemes Amulets Blistering Plaisters Powder of Gutteta and Cephalick infusions 1189 The Bathing of the Chine with Spirits and Oil c. are very proper in this Disease 1190 Corpus callosum and how it may be divided from the Cortex and how the two Hemisphaeres are united in the Corpus callosum and of the Rise Connexion Figure and of the use and substance 1008 The Corpora striata are Origens of the Medulla oblongata and of their Connexion and Figure Streaks and Vse and of their structure and how they are the Origens of the Medulla Spinalis 1015 Corrosive Salt of Steel do precipitate the acide juyces of the Body 311 A Cough and its causes Prognosticks and Indications 838 839 840. And its Cures 849 Of a Chincough and Convulsiv motions 849. And their causes Indications 850 851 852 853 Creeping of Animals which is performed by moving their Bodies on the ground and making many Arches 127 The first
The depraved Flux of the Menstrua 583 Menstruous Blood cannot be the matter of a Foetus 604 Membranes of the Mesentery 384 Description of the Mesentery Ibid. Origen of the Mesentery 385 Vessels of the Mesentery Ibid. Mesenterick Plexes of Nerves 386 387 The Mesenterick lacteal Vessels of the First and Second kind 388 The use of the Mesenterick milky vessels 389 The manner of conveying Chyle through the Mesentery Ibid. Mesenterick Glands 390 391 Inflammation Abscess and Vlcer of the Mesentery and their Cures 392 393 The Hydatides and serous Tumors of the Mesentery 393 The lost and lessened distribution of the Chyle through the Mesentery 394 The Cures of Mesenterick diseases 396 The diseases of the Mesenterick Glands 397 Midriff 684. and its Situation Connexion and Figure 681 and its structure Membranes Fibres Vessels Perforations and how it is made a double Muscle by Bartholine 686 Midriff is countermanded in its motion by the abdominal Muscles as its Antagonists and of its Diastole and Systole 688 The Pathology of the Midriff and of its inflammation and wounds 689 Midriffe of greater and less Animals Beasts Birds and Fish 690 691 692 693 Milts of Fish supply the place of Testicles and have Vessels Glands and the manner of production of Seminal Liquor in them 549 Minerals divested of their qualities are revived by new impregnations of Air 38 Mons Veneris 559 The Mouth is arched above with the Palate and floored below with the Tongue 219 Mouth and its Inflammations Vlcers Gangreens 251 Mucous Matter lining the Guts 347 The Muscles are rendred stiff by the spirituous Particles of Animal Liquor 1091 The Muscles 80 to 115 and their composition of tendinous and carnous Fibres 80 to 111 Muscular motion and its manner as the Muscle is contracted by various carnous Fibres inserted into a Tendon 99 The Diseases of the Muscles 133 to 143 Muscles of the lower Jaw 244 Muscles of the Yard called Erectores 537 Muscles of the Yard called Acceleratores Urinae 537 Muscles of the Belly and their several motions 87 The Muscles called the oblique descendent and their description Ibid. The description of the oblique ascendent and transverse Muscles of the Belly 88 Muscles of the Belly called Pyramidal and their progress and rise 90 The use of the abdominal Muscles and how by a different progress of their Fibres as by a various bandage they keep the inward parts of the Abdomen in their due places 94 The description of the abdominal Muscles in reference to their Situation Figure Connexion Vses and Actions 98 The motion of the Muscles of the Belly 96 Muscular motion somewhat resemble to artificial motion by Levers 100. And it is somewhat like the motion of a Pulley Ibid. Motion is founded in somewhat immoveable as a Center 100 The Muscle according to Steno acquireth greater dimensions 101 Muscles are lessened in motion 102 Muscles are abbreviated in motion as one extremity is brought toward the other 102 Muscular motion according to some is made by Inflation and is truly inforced by the irritation of the Fibres caused by the spirituous elastick parts of nervous Liquor 182 Muscles of the whole Body are antagonists to the Muscle of the Heart 103 The motion of the Muscles quickeneth the motion of the Blood by compressing the Blood-vessels 103 Muscular Motion is not performed by Explosion 104 Muscles do naturally contract themselves 105 In a Muscular tonick Motion one Muscle ballanceth another Ibid. Antagonist Muscles are prevalent in motion as they are acted with greater Appulses of Animal Spirits 105 Muscular Motion is performed by the Commands of the Will as the prime efficient cause 106 N. NAtiforme Processes 1018 Nauseousness of the Stomach 337 The Origen of the Nervous Liquor and of its constitution 999 Nervous Liquor is a Ferment of the Stomach 301 to 305 Nervous Liquor is necessary in point of Nutrition 303 Nervous Liquor issueth out of the wounds of Tendons Ibid. The Nervous Liquor appears upon a Ligature made upon the Nerves Ibid. Nervous Liquor may be proved by the multitude of Nerves implanted into parts destitute of motion 303 Nervous Liquor is impregnated with volatil saline parts doth easily insinuate it felf into the Compage of Meat and Drink Ibid. Nervous Liquor inspired with Air in the cortical Glands of the Brain obtaineth elastick parts and is active in Fermentation 304. And is impregnated with the influences of the Planets 1026 Nervous Liquor being endued with active principles is the cause of muscular motion 305 Nervous Bodies of the Yard their Fibres Progress and Dimensions 534 Nervous juyce exalteth the Liquors passing through the Viscera and Muscles of the Body 203 The Nerves having no Cavities are not capable of Valves 104 The Nervous Liquor made in the Brain is carried by Nerves into all parts of the Body 200 The Nervous Liquor exalteth the Blood in the Spleen and Kidneys 199 The nervous Liquor enobleth the Salival in the Mouth and Chyle in the Stomach and Guts 200 Nerves arising from the Brain within the Skull and the nervous Fibrils coming from the Cortex are united in the Medulla oblongata 1039. The description of a Nerve and the treble substance of Nerves of which the soft tender substance is seated in the middle of the Nerve 1039 The olfactory Nerves of other Animals of Birds 1042. And of Fish 1043 1044 The optick Nerves of Man and other Animals and their rise and are not mutually embodied as some conceive 1045 And of Fish and Birds 1045 1046 Of the Motory and pathetick Nerves of the Eyes and their Origen and their First and Second Branch and the rise of the Pathetick Nerves of the Seat and Origen of the fifth pair of Nerves 1047 Of the largeness of these Nerves and of the First Branch of Nerves and of their Second and their progress 1048 The Sixth pair of Nerves Ibid. The Seventh pair of Nerves 1049 The Eighth Ninth and Tenth pair of Nerves and of the accessory Nerve and of the Ganglioforme Plexe of the Par vagum and the use of the knots in the Body of the Nerves and of another Plex of the Par vagum united with the intercostal Nerves 1050 Nervous Fibrils twining about the carotide Artery are sometimes inserted into its Coat And a Plex of the Par vagum out of which many Fibres are propagated to the Heart and how the Par vagum dispenseth many Fibres into all the regions of the Heart and how a Branch of the Par vagum encircleth the Pulmonary Artery and of the lesser Cardiack Plex of the Par vagum 1051 Of the Branches of the Par vagum implanted into the Stomach and the cause of the Sympathy between the Heart Larynx and Stomach and of the rise of the upper and lower Stomacick Branch 1051 The Ninth pair of Nerves and those of the Tongue derived from them and association of a Branch of the Ninth pair with one of the Tenth 1053 A Branch of the Ninth pair is distributed into
And the Origen of the Nerves are straightned by the Tumors of the adjacent parts and in this Disease the progress of the Fibrils may have their Filaments overclose and the solution of the unity of parts may be a cause of the Palsey And a Palsey often succeedeth an Apoplexy and the cause of a Palsey is more or less universal and the cause why sense remaineth when motion is taken away and how the Compression of the Corpora Striata hindereth the progress of the animal Liquor and of the seate of the Palsey 1192. Of the various Causes of a Palsey 1193. A Palsey is sometimes a consequent of other Diseases 1194 As to the Cure of a Palsey a Consequent of an Apoplexy Bleeding Vomitings Purgatives Cephalick Medicines as also Vesicatories are profitable sometimes a Palsey succeeds Convulsive Motions Epileptick Fits and sometimes pains of the Stomach and Guts 1194 An Arthritis sometimes degenerates into a Palsey and how Scorbutick habits of Bodies are obnoxious to it and sometimes it proceeds à Soluta unitate Cranij 1195 A Palsey coming from a bruised Medulla Spinalis and an ill Mass of Blood is the antecedent cause of it and the locomotive faculty is lessened and abolished by the defect of animal Spirits and of the cause of tremulous Motions and of the many kinds of a Palsey 1196 In one kind the sensitive faculty is lost and the motive preserved and how the motion is taken away by the paucity or indisposition of animal Spirits 1197 The Prognosticks of a Palsey 1197 An habitual Palsey claims a peculiar Cure and a respect must be had to the Sex res Naturales In the Cure of this Disease Medicines prepared with Cephalicks Antiscorbuticks Chalybeates as also Vomitaries Purgatives Alteratives as Cephalick Electuaries Apocemes destilled Water c. are proper 1199. As also Spirits of Salt Armoniack succinated Harts-Horn Sut Blood and Tinctures of Turpentine Antimony Amber or Elixir Proprietatis Bezoar Minerale Trochises and Pills natural Baths Antiscorbutick Juices Electuaries and Diet Drinks are proper 1200 As also Pills made of Milleipedes and testaceous Powders and Diaphoreticks are also very useful and Mercurial Medicines may be advised in a stubborn Palsey And Topicks may be applied when universal evacuations have been made 1201 The Cure of Diseases relating to the Pancreas Ibid. Passio Caeliaca being the weakned concoctive Faculty of the Guts 370 The manner how purging Medicines do operate 337 The requisites of a Peristaltick motion 367 The diverse kinds of the Peristaltick motion Ibid. The Peristaltick motion of the Guts proceeding from a stupide Nervous Coate doth indicate Cephalicks 371 Perspiration being too free causeth a great faintness 57 Phrenitis how it is a high Degree of a delirium and its Description 1140. Of the essence of this Disease and in what it consists and whence it proceeds 1141 Phrenitis coming from an Vlcer of the Dura Mater and from an inflammation of the substance of the Brain and from the Plexus Choroeides 1142. And from recrements vitiating the Nervous Liquor and of the evident Causes and Diagnosticks of Phrensy 1143 The Pia Mater may be inflamed without the Tumour of the Brain 1141 Pia Mater and its Blood Vessels and serous Vesicles and the use of it 986 The Figure of this Membrane and Progress of its Blood Vessels and how it may be severed from the Brain in its putrefaction 997 And how the Arterys of one side of the Brain do inosculate with those of the other 987 The Arterys do not inosculate with the Jugular Veins 988 Pipes of the Air and sap are so many preparing Vessels seated in the Cups leaves of Flowers and Stamina 668 Placenta Uterina its Origen Situation Colour and figure 630 The Surfaces and Glands and Vessels of the Placenta 631 632 The Placenta is furnished with many Fibres and of the uses of the Placenta 634 Pleura its situation figure Connexion and Membranes 694 and its Fibres Perforations Origen duplicature making the Mediastine and uses 695 Pleurisy its description differences 700 and causes Prognosticks indications and Cures 702 703 The various kinds of Plastick Vertues in the semen 619 620 Porus Bilarius 457 458 459 Porus Bilarius and its Description and how the Branches of the Vena Porta are encircled with one common Capsula 457 The Vessels of the Porus Bilarius and Porta have no inosculation 458 The Porus Bilarius hath no Valves but only an oblique insertion into the Duodenum 458 Potâ—lent matter requireth less Concoction then esculent 309 The Small-Pox attended with a great pain of the Head and a great Cough 55 The beginning of the Measles and Small-Pox 56 and the state 57 Small-Pox and its Cure 62 to 68 Pretious Stones how they are fluide in their Origen and of their Geometrical figures and Transparences 881 882 Progressive motion relating to Man 107 115 Progressive motion of four-footed Animals 115 to 118 Progressive Motion and how it is managed by several motions of the Limbs making various angles with the Area and Trunk of the Body 106 In Progressive Motion the Foot is moved from the Heel to the Toes upon the Floor somewhat after the manner of a sphaerical Body moving upon a plain And the Heel receiving the weight of the Body in a new step and afterward the Foot being clapped to the Floor maketh a kind of acute angle with it and an obtuse with the bended Trunk and a right one with the Leg 107 Progressive Motion is celebrated by the various flexions and tensions of the Thighs Leggs and Feet 107 In Progressive Motion the center of gravity is transferred from Limb to Limb alternately 108 In Progressive Motion the weight of the Body resteth perpendicularly upon the hinder Limb and the Body being bent forward and the weight being carried beyond the perpendicular must necessarily tumble unless the center of gravity be received by the fore Limb 108 Progressive Motion being made upon diverse semicircles cannot be styled a true right motion but rather mixed Ibid. Progressive Motion and its several centers Origens Insertions and actions of Muscles 109 In Progressive Motion the upper Bones making various articulations are the centers of it 109 In Progressive Motion the Thigh is elevated by the Musculus Psoas and Iliacus Internus 110 In this Motion the Os Ilium Sacrum and Coccyx are centers of it 111 In it the flexors of the Leg put it back and in it the share Bone Coxendix are centers of motion 111 In Progressive Motion the first deportment of the fore Limb is made by the flexure of the Thigh and Leg 113 Progressive Motion in Four-footed Animals hath more centers of motion then in Bipedes 115 Progressive Motion in Brutes is formed by the decussation of the fore Limb with the hinder 115 In it in Six footed Creatures three Feet remain the Centers of motion while the other are moved Prostats their structure dimensions Vessels c. 532 533 Psora and it Causes and Cure 61 Pthisis or
when deprived of its motion as quitting its proper place whereupon it being deprived of Motion looseth its spirit and tone and upon Rheumatisms and convulsive motions of the Muscles when it takes leave of the Body as parted by a Skilful Hand this Purple body of Blood being Coagulated is vailed with an unnatural Surface The surface of 〈◊〉 â—â—ood when coagulated is hued with variety of colours with a thick tough skinny Matter disguised with unkindly colours of White Yellow Blew Brown Greenish and the like and is commonly esteemed to be the fibrous part of the Blood But in truth as I humbly conceive it is the gross part of the Succus Nutricius which being not sufficiently Concocted in the Stomach and Intestines is conveyed through the Lacteae and Thoracic Ducts into the Subclavian Vessels and Cava where it associateth with the Vital Liquor and by reason of its overmuch Crudity is not capable to be perfectly assimilated into Blood still retaining the grossness and sometimes the Colour and sometimes receiveth variety of Colours which may be assigned to the serous parts of the Blood as more or less torrified by the unnatural heat of it The serous part of the Vital Liquor being an intimate associate of the red Crassament in its Circuit through the Vessels The serous part of the Blood differeth from the red Crassament both in colour consistence and disposition and substance of the Muscles is of a transparent Crystalline Colour and different from it both in Consistence and Colour as the Red Crassament is an Opace and more solid Substance and the Serous Liquor of the Blood of a more fluid bright Colour the Vehicle of the other making it more thin and pliable in order to Motion and is of a more gentle disposition consisting of more mild Saline Particles tempering the heat and acid Particles of the Red Crassament which would lose its motion and Coagulate in the Vessels and their Spaces if it was not Diluted with the more fluid Particles of the Crystalline Liquor which being thin and serous while in confaederacy with the Purple Liquor but being severed from it and acted with the heat of the Fire is concreted into a substance not unlike the White of an Egg but in its native Constitution is of a clear whitish and transparent Colour and degenerates by an ill temper of the Blood into more Yellow Green and sometimes of a Blewish hue which I have seen in Poringers after Blood-letting when it hath quitted its fellowship with the Red Crassament The Nervous Liquor is much akin in Colour and Substance to the Crystalline Humour an inmate of the Blood and receiveth its first rudiments in the Ambient parts of the Brain The Nervous Liquor is generated of the more mild parts of the Blood in the Cortical Glands of the Brain and hath for its Materia Substrata the more delicate and refined parts of the Blood and Succus Nutricius which being secerned and impraegnated with volatil Salt in the Cortical Glands is thence conveyed into the origens of the Nerves the extreamities of their Fibrils lodged near the surface of the Brain and is thence transmitted by the fibrous parts of the more inward Recesses into the trunk of the Nerves composed of many Fibrils beginning in the Medulla Oblongata and margent of the Medulla Spinalis from whence this Animal Liquor is propagated by several Branches and Ramulets of Nerves divaricated in the Muscles relating to the Limbs and several apartiments of the Body So that Nerves being Collective Bodies made up of numerous Filaments are neatly tied to each other Nerves are Systems of many Filaments by the interposition of many fine Membranes and the gentle streams of Animal Liquor are conveyed into the Interstices of these fruitful Filaments as into many small Channels which are filled with this noble Juice plumping up the body of the Muscles which else would grow lank and flaccid These numerous Filaments besetting the Muscular substance are big with a delicate Juice The Nervous Filaments are invigorated with volatil saline Particles of Nervous Liquor inspired with Volatil Saline and lucid Particles which being diffused like so many Rays into the numerous Fibrils do give them force and vigour which is much assisted with airy elastic Particles of the Animal Spirits rendring the Muscular Fibres the immediate engins of Motion Tense and fit for Contraction The last and meanest Liquor relating to the Muscles is the Lympha The Lympha is a thin transparent Liquor severed in the Gands and is a thin transparent Recrement severed from the Animal Liquor in the substance of the Glands seated in the Muscles as well as in other parts where this useful thin Juice if issuing above the Diaphragme is discharged into the Subclavian Veins but if below into the common Receptacle And if the Lympha be severed from the Nervous Liquor in the Glands lodged in the Muscular parts its progress is much promoted by the contraction of the Organs of Motion after the same manner as the Salival Liquor which for the most part consisteth of Lympha floweth much more then ordinary as assisted by the Muscles of the lower Mandible which impart a quickness of Motion to it by various contractions acted in the time of mastication of Aliment And I humbly conceive The greatest part of the Lympha is a Recrement seperated from the Blood that the Lympha is not only a Recrement of the Nervous Liquor but of the Vital too by reason the great quantity of thin Salival Liquor cannot proceed wholly from the Nerves but chiefly from the Blood which is percolated in the numerous Salival Glands and transmitted by Excretory Ducts into the Cavity of the Mouth into which such great proportions of thin transparent Liquor is spued in a Salivation caused by Mercurial Medicines in Venereal tempers so that that large Evacuation remaining for many Days if it were derived solely from the Nerves would exhaust the whole liquor of them CHAP. XIV Of the Muscles of the Belly and their several Motions HAving handled the Muscles according to the various progress of their Fibres and their Figure and Fabrick consisting of Solid and Fluid parts in a general Notion which I have made as ambulatory to the Muscles of the Belly discovering themselves when the Abdomen is despoiled of its common Integuments and are lodged under the common Coat of the Muscles being so many fleshy Expansions of a Triangular Figure facing the Caul and Intestines safely immured within these soft Walls Some of these Muscular Coverings are lateral The Muscles of the Abdomen are so many coverings of the parts seated in the lowest apartiment as seated on each side three adjoyning to the right Muscles lodged between these Lateral which are the Oblique Descendent Ascendent and Transverse receiving a Discrimination from each other by the proper lineaments of their various Fibres sporting themselves in different Postures The Oblique descendent Muscles challenge a
with each other do produce fierce Ebullitions and they insinuate themselves in order to Nutrition into the pores of Membranes and Nervous Filaments which being of acute Sensation are highly irritated and enraged by different Elements fretting and gauling their most tender Compage productive of tormenting Agonies Nutrition is performed by various Liquors and most racking pains in a Rheumatism To render this Hypothesis more clear I will speak somewhat of the manner of Nutrition as more conducive to the better understanding of it which is accomplished by various Liquors the one is the more mild part of the Blood which much resembleth the Albuminous Juice of an Egg and will Coagulate lâ—ke it when held over the Fire in a Spoon Another Liquor is that of the Brain transmitted between the many Filaments of Nerves into all parts of the Body These two Liquors of several Families and Dispositions associating in the habit of the Body wherein they being severed from the Red Crassament are transmitted into the Pores of numerous Vessels integrating the Muscular parts and these Chrystalline and Nervous Liquors being of a clammy nature do easily admit an accretion and assimilate with the substance of the Muscles when conveyed into their innumerable Pores Heterogeneous principles make great Fermentation in the Body Whereupon these various Juices consisting of Heterogeneous principles of Acids and Alkalies of Volatil and fixed Salts which being highly indisposed and embodied in ill habits of Body do raise great Tumults and Ebullitions in different Liquors endued with disagreeing Tempers which being compounded of fierce Salts and Acids highly disputing each other and being Extravasated in the Interstices of the Vessels into whose numerous Pores they are immitted in order to Accretion and Assimilation with the substance of the Fleshy parts So that the Nerves being Systems of many Filaments are most highly aggrieved and tormented with Vellications in a Rheumatism produced by enraged Fermentative Atomes of various furious Salts and Acids relating to the serous parts of the Blood and Animal Liquor endeavouring in the empty Spaces of the Vessels to unite and incorporate with the substance of the most delicate parts of Body the subject of Sensation Whence may easily be inferred The antecedent cause of a Rheumatism proceedeth from Humours in the Vessels what are the antecedent and continent Causes of a Rheumatism the one being In fieri the other in factu esse The antecedent relateth to the serous parts of the Blood and Nervous Liquor immitted into it by the Termination of the Nerves discomposed by tumultuary Alkalies and Acids raising high Ebullitions in different Juices while they are immured within the confines of the Vessels The continent cause of a Rheumatism obtaineth the same Matter with the antecedent and differeth in the parts affected and both agree as being derived from divers Salts the one fixed the other brought to a Fluor and so turneth Acid and they are Discriminated by reason the Antecedent cause flowing from various fixed Saline and Acid Elements embodied in the Mass of Blood are contained and circulate in the Arteries and Veins and the Continent cause proceedeth from the same principles The continent cause of a Rheumatism is derived from different ill Liquors seated in the Interstices of the Vessels disaffecting the Serous parts of the Purple and Nervous Liquor confaederated and then impelled out of the Arteries into the empty spaces of the Muscles in order to be transmitted into the Veins and in their passage some Particles are received in order to Nutrition into the pores of the Vessels to repair their lost Particles by Assimilation whereupon the Preternatural Fermentative parts of different Liquors making angry Effervescences in the substance of the Nervous Filaments do produce vexatious pains the immediate or continent cause of a Rheumatism The Procatarctick cause may proceed from ill Diet Ill Diet is a Procatartick cause of a Rheumatism from too large an assumption of variety of gross Flesh not well digested by reason of Acid Ferments transmitted out of the extreamities of the Arteries or from Depraved Liquor distilling out of the Terminations of the Nerves into the Cavity of the Stomach perverting its laudable Concoction or from eating of Meats highly salted or dried with Smoak or from drinking of small Wines full of Tartar which produce an Alimentary Liquor in the Stomach impraegnated with gross Saline Particles which being carried through the Intestines and Thoracic Ducts into the Subclavian Vessels doth embody with the Blood vitiating its temper and disposing it for the production of a Rheumatism The various Seasons of the Year do much disorder the Constitution of the Body Heat and cold do alter the Constitution of the Body occasioned by different tempers of the Air sometimes Hot and presently after Cold as in the Spring and Autumn wherein Nature is surprised in a suddain different alteration of Air and when the Pores have been enlarged by heat they are immediately shut up by Cold and the fiery and Saline Particles and Acid steams of the Blood and Nervous Liquor are suppressed a prohibita Transpiratione whereupon the various sharp Saline Recrements endued with Fermentative Particles do make great bussles in the Body and vex the parts Violent Labours and Exercises Violent Labours and too great indulgence of Venery and the suppression of wonted Evacuations are a Procatartick cause of a Rheumatism and extravagant Passion and an immoderate indulgence of Venery as also the suppression of the wonted evacuation of Blood by the Nostrils Haemorrhoides or Menstrua do highly discompose the Vital and Nervous Liquor in the Vessels and enrage the Morbifick Matter of a Rheumatism by raising the Fermentation of various Juices consisting of Acid and Saline parts the antecedent cause lodged in the Vessels impelled into the habit of the Body and so become the continent cause of the Disease disquieting the Nervous parts by giving them sharp pains Thus having given a brief Account of the Procatarctick Causes I will now with Permission attempt to shew the different Influences these various kindly and unkindly primitive causes do produce by making good or ill Disposition and Concoction in the Stomach Blood and Nervous Liquor in the Vessels and habit of the Body in reference to Nutrition whence arise Natural or Preternatural Fermentations of several Liquors composing or disturbing the quiet of the Nervous parts The Blood affected with a laudable Disposition The Blood in a natural state is not too fixed nor too volatil obtaineth a kind of Mediocrity of state as Learned Dr. Willis hath well observed as being neither too Fixed nor too Volatil And the parts of the Blood may be said to be too fixed when the Elements of Sulphur Salt and Earth are so firmly united in a close bond of mixtion that they cannot easily be parted as when Liquors are not well Concocted by natural heat and due Ferments as out of Wine made of unripe Grapes it is difficult to extract a Salt
and Sinus in the Medulla of the Brain and by tearing in pieces the tender Fibrils do interrupt the due progress of the Nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits closing in a doleful Catastrophe of an Apoplectick Fit Renowned Webster giveth an instance of this case An instance of an Apoplexy happening in an old Woman of Seventy years which being quickly taken away by an acute Apoplexy and her Skull being taken off he discovered a large Cavity in the stance of the Brain reaching forward toward the Forehead and upward to the Processus Falciformis and much backward toward the Occiput and downward beyond the middle of the Brain The longitude of this unnatural Sinus was Four Inches in breadth Two and half in depth and Eight in length containing near a pound of extravasated Blood that had issued out of the lacerated carotide Arteries which did not proceed from any outward accident as this profound Author saith there having been no contusion or fracture discoverable in the Skull but I conceive from the greater source of Blood protruded out of the larger Carotides into the smaller Capillaries branched into the Medulla which had been more and more dilated by the Rivulets of Blood till the coats of the Arteries were over-much distended and thence growing thinner and thinner at last cracked in pieces and the streams of confined vital Liquor were forced through the breaches of the Arterial Coats into the substance of the Brain and made great Furroughs and Channels in it and by tearing up the Medullary Filaments did divert the natural course of the Animal Liquor and Spirits from the Nerves A Daughter of Mr. Lewis one of the Navy-Office Another case of an Apoplexus a Person of a Plethorick Constitution was highly afflicted with a great Head-ach which afterward degenerated into a Sopor and was much alleviated upon Blood-letting and then she fell into a Rheumatisme placed in the Muscular part of the Limbs And in order to ease her I designed to open a Vein a second time but was prevented by the importunate dislike of her Friends giving an advantage to her distemper to re-assault her Brain with a fresh pain of her Head accompanied afterward with a great Sopor whereupon I made a Prognostick That the distemper would determine as I apprehended in an Apoplectic Fit unless she was relieved by an immediate opening a Vein which I conceived the proper means to preserve her but her Friends highly interposed and hindred my intention of Bleeding her whereupon in a few days the Sopor grew more violent attended with a Stertor and then the Patient falling into a violent Apoplectick Fit died in Twelve hours And after a competent time her Head being opened the Coats of the Brain were swelled and a large quantity of serous Matter was found in the substance of the Brain As to the cause and progress of the Disease The cause and progress of this Disease I conceive it to be after this manner Free Rivulets of Blood overcharged with serous Particles being impelled out of the Carotides into the Membranes and substance of the Brain produced the Head-ach and Sopor which were much mitigated upon Bleeding whereupon the Blood freely retired from the Brain by the Jugulars into the Cava and Chambers of the Heart and thence was carried upward again by the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta and subclavian and axillary Branches into the Limbs causing great pains in the Shoulders and Arms and at the same time another portion of Blood was conveyed downward by the descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Iliack Arteries into the Thighs and Legs which being reconveyed by the Iliack Veins and ascendent Trunk of the Cava into the Ventricles of the Heart and from above by the axillary Veins and descendent Trunk of the Cava into the Sinus of the Heart and from thence again a quantity of Serous Blood was impelled by the Aorta and Carotides into the Coats and substance of the Brain highly compressing the Filaments and thereupon wholly suppressing the descent of the Animal Liquor into the roots and bodies of the Nerves Another cause may be assigned of an Apoplexy The immoderate use of Opiates may produce an Apoplexy seated in the Cortex of the Brain the immoderate use of Opiates as Learned Webster would have it by too great a dilatation of the pores of the Brain exposing it to a violent incursion of ill humors brought along with the Blood and giving a disturbance to the regular motion of the Animal Liquor But I humbly conceive with the leave of this Learned Author that Opiates do rather obstruct and shut up the Pores of the Brain then immoderately open them and make ill impressions upon the Animal Liquor and by incrassation and fixation of the Spirits in taking away their volatil airy elastick Particles do unbrace the natural Tenseness of the fibrous parts of the Cortex and by consequence do take away the vigor of the Nerves of the whole Body whence the motion of the Heart groweth weak from its distorted Fibres attended with a great difficulty of Breathing flowing from the flabby Fibres of the intercostal Muscles proceeding from the nervous Liquor dispirited by Narcoticks Mrs. Jane Reynolds a young Gentlewoman being passionately in love and not succeeding well in her Amours as she conceived took Twelve pills of Opium in so many Cherries An instance of an Apoplexy produced by Opium every Pill as I apprehend contained about Ten grains of Opium an hour after she had taken the Pills she began to be dozed and giddy and although an hour after she swallowed the Pills she took great quantities of Oil and Medicines to provoke Vomiting yet without success she being hard to vomit in time of her health and upon this sad occasion the Fibres of her Stomach were so stupified and relaxed by the Opium that they could not contract themselves to expel the Vomit Two hours and less after she had taken the Opium a great Stupor seized her Brain Opium stupified and relaxed the Nerves and rendred the Muscles of the Gula so Laxe that she wholly lost the use of it being not able to swallow and immediately after was afflicted with a great difficulty of breathing which grew higher and higher so that the Muscles of the Scapula were drawn in to the assistance of the intercostals and Diaphragme which being not able of themselves to perform their duty in respiration were attended with a high Stertor which was more and more aggravated from Twelve at Night till Five in the Morning about which time Nature being too much over-born quitted all farther contests Two hours after the Head being opened and the Brain being divested of its coverings the carotide Arteries did much exceed their natural Dimensions and their spaces of the Vessels swelled with undue proportions of Blood though a good quanty of it was discharged by the venous Ducts into the Third Sinus full of Blood which the Head lying low was