preachersought out to find acceptable words 5. warrantable doctrine by its owne grounds and confirmation of the masters of the assembly that which was written was upright even words of truth The words of the wise are as goads and nails fastned by the masters of the assemblies 6. derived from the Word which is given by the hand of one shepheard Christ our Saviour 7. Abstaining from distracting studies which wearie the flesh in making many books when his owne bible would give content if it be rightly used that we need especially for matters of salvation no other Directory XIIII The arms of a Christian Souldier against 1. principalities 2. powers 3. rulers of the darknes of this world 4. spirituall wickednesses in high places 1. the girdle of truth for the loyns 2. for the breast the brest-plate of righteousness 3. for the feet the preparation of the Gospel of peace 4. for the left hand next the heart the shield of faith to quench the fiery darts of the Divel 5. for the right hand the sword of the spirit which is the word of God 6. for the head the helmet of salvation 7. for the accomplishing of all prayer and supplications in the Spirit with watching and all perseverance Eph. 6.12 CHAP. VII Of Antitheses I. IT is written that Abraham had two sons the one by a bondmaid the other by a free-woman but he that was of the bond-woman was born after the flesh but he of the free woman was by promise Which things are an Allegory For these are the two covenants the one from mount Sinai which gendereth to bondage which is Hagar for this Hagar is mount Sinai in Arabia and answereth to Jerusalem that now is and is in bondage with her children but Jerusalem which is above is free and is the mother of us all Gal. 4. Where may be noted correspondencies and antitheses between 1. Hagar a bond-woman and Sarah free 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ismael Hagar's son after the flesh and Isaac Sarah's according to promise 3. Sinai in Arabia the desert and Jerusalem in the land of promise 4. Sinai called by the Arabians Hagar allegorizing the Law Jerusalem the mother of us all the covenant of the gospell thence proclaimed 5. dependers of the Law for justification Hagarens born to bondage adherents to faith the sons of Sarah born to freedom 6. fleshly Ismaelites persecutors spirituall sons of Sarah for a time under the crosse 7. the censure upon the persecuting juststiciaries Cast out the bond-woman and her son on the other side The freewoman's children shall be heyrs II. Antithesis between Christ and Adam Rom. 5. 1 Not as the offence so is the free gift that by justice extended this by grace abounded 2. That included the venome of one offence or propagated but one offence originall this quits from originall and infinite actualls 3. That by one brought in the tyranny of death this by one the gift of Righteousnesse and reign in Life 4. That the root of just Condemnation this of the free gift of Justification 5. That made all men sinners this made many righteous 6. The horridness of that is manifested by the Law the abounding of grace is more illustrious by the Gospell 7. That was attended by reigning sin unto Death this by Grace to Righteousnesse and Eternall Life III. Antithesis between the flesh and the Spirit Rom. 7. where 1. The flesh brings forth fruit unto death the Spirit contendeth to serve in newnesse of Life 2. The flesh holds by the old letter the spirit by a new tenure 3. The flesh worketh death by that which is good that sin might become exceeding sinfull the Spirit clears it selfe by pleading a pardon 4. By the flesh we are sold unto sin by the Spirit we attaine redemption 5. In the flesh to will may be present with us but deeds follow not but the spirit urgeth to performe 6. The inward man delighteth in the Law of God but the Law of the members carry the intents against the Law of the Mind 7. The flesh makes up the body of sin the Spirit obtaineth deliverance by Christ IV. Antithesis between the Body before and after the Resurrection 1 Cor. 15.1 It is sowen in Corruption it is raised in incorruption 2. It is sowen in Honour it is raised in Glory 3. It it sowen in weaknesse it is raised againe in power 4. It is sowen a naturall body it is raised a spirituall body 5. It is sowen as the first Adams issue having onely a living soul it is raised as the second Adams purchase made a quickning spirit 6. The first is of the Earth earthly the second from the Lord of Heaven heavenly 7. The first carrying the image or stamp of earth from which he was taken the second the badg of Heaven to which he is advanced V. Antithesis between true pastors and impostors or scorners 1 Cor. 5. We are made a spectacle to the World and to Angells and to Men. 1. We are fools for Christs sake but ye are wise in Christ 2. We are weak but ye are strong 3. Ye are honoured but we are despised as it appeareth because at this present hour we both hunger and thirst and are naked and are buffetted and have no certain dwelling place and labour working with our owne hands 4. Being reviled we blesse 5. Being persecuted we suffer it 6. Being defamed we entreate 7. We are made the filth of the world and are the off-scouring of all things unto this day VI. Gods Ministers to be approved 1. In much patience 2. In afflictions 3. In necessities 4. In distresses 5. In stripes 6. In imprisonment 7. In tumults 8. In labours 9. In watchings 10. In fastings By 1. Purenesse 2. By knowledge 3. By long-suffering 4. By kindnesse 5. By the Holy Ghost 6. By love unfained 7. By the word of truth 8. By the power of God 9. By the armour of Righteousnesse 10. On the right hand and on the left 11. By honour and dishonour 12. By evill report and good report As 1. Deceivers and yet true 2. As unknown and yet well known 3. As dying yet behold we live 4. As chastned and not killed 5. As sorrowfull yet alwayes rejoycing 6. As poor and yet making many rich 7. As having nothing and yet possessing all things 2 Cor. 6. VII The chast Matrone and the whore of Babylon are thus differenced 1. The Matron is cloathed with the Sun from Heaven Rev. 12.1 The great whore with Scarlet and Gold and Pearls from the earth 2. The Matron hath the Moon and spotted-changes under her Feet the Whore sitteth on many waters which will at length fail her 3. The Matron hath a Crown of 12 Stars upon her Head the Whore appeares with a frontlet of blasphemies Mystery Babylon the great Rev. 17.5.12.2 Mother of harlots and abhominations of the earth 4. The Matron is fruitfull and travelling to bring forth Children the Whore is drunk with the blood of Saints and Martyrs and
the Paps with a Golden girdle intimating his priest-hood 2. The colour of his Head and haire white like Wool as white as Snow shewing his eternity 3. The flaming of his eyes expressing his omnisciency 4. His feet like fine brasse in a furnace leading to his revenge against his enemies 5. Seven stars in his right hand assuring the protection of his Church against all opposers 6. A sharp two-edged sword from his mouth to cut down all impediments 7. His countenance as the Sun shining in his strength with a voyce of the sound of many waters to the daunting and terrifying of all those that have neglected him X. A good Bishop should have 1. Good education as Moses learned in all the wisdome of the Egyptians Act. 7.22 The children of the Prophets under Samuel and Elisha St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel Act. 22.3 Which society our Saviour graced in sitting in the midst of the Doctours Luk. 2.36 hearing them and asking them questions 2. He is advanced to his chair not ambitiously sought after Be not ye called Rabbi Masters Matth. 23. but humble your selves that ye may be exalted 3. He must be free from busying himselfe in impertinencies and intangling himselfe with many worldly businesses 1 Pet. 4.15 4. He is to Ordain and settle Priests in every Parish Tit. 1.5 and neither suddenly 1 Tim. 5.22.1.3 or without due examination to lay his hands on any 5. He is especially to convince Innovators and wrangling Sophisters Act. 20.28 and to chase away Wolves and Foxes from the Flock of Christ 6. Against an Elder he is not to receive an accusation but under two or three witnesses But those that sin scandalously rebuke them before all that others may also fear 1 Tim. 5.19 1 Tim. 5.17 Honouring them with double honour that labour in the Word and Doctrine 7. He is discreetly to withdraw himselfe from proud and peremptory Fellowes knowing nothing but doting about questions and strife of words whereof cometh strife railings and evill surmises perverse disputings of men of corrupt minds and destitute of truth supposing that gain is godliness 1 Tim. 6. XI A virtuous woman is of price far above Rubies because 1. The heart of her Hous-band may safely trust in her so that he shall have no need of spoil 2. She will do him good and not evill all the dayes of her life 3. She seeketh Wooll and Flax and worketh willingly with her Hands 4. She is like the Merchant's ship that bringeth food from afar 5. She riseth when it is yet night and giveth meat to her household and a portion to her Maidens 6. She considereth a Field and buyeth it with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard 7. She girdeth her loines with strength and strengthneth her armes 8. She perceiveth her Merchandise is good Her candle goeth not out by night 9. She layeth her Hands to the Spindle and her Hands hold the Distaffe 10. She stretcheth out her armes to the poor yea she reacheth her hands to the needy 11. She is not afraid of the snow for her household for all her household are clothed with scarlet 12. She maketh her selfe covering of tapestry her clothing is silke and purple 13. Her Housband is known in the gate when he sitteth among the Elders of the land 14. She maketh fine linnen and selleth it and delivereth girdles to the merchant 15. Strength and honour are her cloathing and she shall rejoyce in time to come 16. She openeth her mouth with wisdome and in her tongue is the law of kindness 17. She looketh well to the wayes of her houshold and eateth not the bread of idlenesse 18. Her children rise up and call her blessed her housband also and he praiseth her 19. Many daughters have done virtuously but thou excellest them all 20. Favour is deceitfull and beauty is vain but a woman that feareth the Lord she shall be praysed 21. Give her of the fruits of her hands and let her owne workes prayse her in the gates Pro. 31. XII The picture of old age Eccles 12. to which the sun the light the moon and stars yield little comfort by reason of one weaknes tumbling upon another as clouds returning after raine one storme seconding another 2. For in it 1. the keepers of the house shal tremble that is the arms and hands the readiest defenders of the body weakned by palsies and other infirmities 2 the strong men bow themselves thighs and legs through Sciatica aches defluxions 3. the grinders cease because they are few the teeth most lost they left rotten 4. and those that look out by the windows be darknes which must be meant of the eyes 5. and the doores shall be shut in the streets the lips or chaps little imployed when the sound of the grinding is low when the teeth have little to do 6. and he shall rise up at the voyce of the bird awake early in the morning at cock-crowing or bird's singing in regard old men through infirmity sleep little 7. And the daughters of musick shall be brought low the wind-pipes to utter or ears to hear or delight in songs as old Barzillai acknowledged 2 Sam. 19.35 Also they shall be asraid of that which is high and fear shal be in the way old men dread to climbe and hazzard themselves in dangerous wayes by reason of the imbecillity of their limbs Now though these are sufficient remembrancers yet nearer symptoms come with new memento's 1. the hoariness or baldnesse of the head as white as the blossoms of an almond tree 2. the belly or legs loaden with dropsies or gouts puffing him up and making him lazy and mishapen as a locust where grashopper denotes a grashopper's unweildy devouring to no purpose 3. the thought of his long home approaching and sight of mourners dishearten him from all worldly pleasure and cloud him with sadnesse 4. especially when he stooping in the back shewes that the silver chord of spina medulla is loosed which was wont to trusse him up more upright 5. the golden bowle the pia mater which conteins the brain is crack'd 6. the pitcher the miseraïc cava and portaveines are stopped or broken that they bring not as formerly good blood from the fountaine of the liver to chear up the whole body 7. And last when the wheel of the lungs which compasse and preserve the cistern of the heart from whence the vitall spirits are dispersed by the arteries through the whole body to hold as we say life and soul together then that must of force be thought upon that Dust shall return to the earth as it was and the spirit shall return to God that gave it XIII Necessaries for a Preacher Eccles 12.9 1. assiduity in teaching others Because the preacher was wise he still taught the people knowledg 2. choice of matters of moment well studied He gave good heed and sought out and set in order many proverbs 4 Rhetoricall expressions The
SACRED ELOQUENCE Or the Art of RHETORICK As it is layd down in Scripture By the Right Reverend Father JOHN PRIDEAVX late Lord Bishop of VVORCESTER 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 Tim. 3.16 17. LONDON Printed by W. Wilson for George Sawbridge and are to be sold at his Shop at the signe of the Bible on Ludgate-Hill 1659. SACRED ELOQUENCE OR The Art of Rhetorick as it is laid down in Scripture CHAP. I. SACRED ELOQUENCE is a Logicall kind of Rhetorick to be used in Prayer Preaching or Conference to the glory of God and the convincing instructing and strengthning our brethren The meditation of which gave David more understanding than all his teachers Psal Psal 119.19 119.19 proved a Hammer to Jeremy that breaketh the rocks in pieces Jer. 23.29 chap. 23.29 was St. Pauls Engine for the pulling down of strong holds and casting down imaginations and every high thing that exaltâ—th it self against the knowledge of God bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ 2 Cor. 10.4 2 Cor. 10.4 5. 5. At which used by our Saviour the people were astonished For he taught them as one having authority Matth 7.28 and not as the Scribes Matth. 7.28 His perverse Country-men of Nazareth bare him witnesse and wondred at the gratious words that proceeded out of his mouth Luk. 4.22 Luk. 4.22 And the fee'd Officers sent to apprehend him returned with this excuse Never man spake like this man Joh. 7.46 Joh. 7.46 For it pricketh in the hearts of the hearers Act. 2.37 Act. 2.37 The word of God is quick and powerfull and sharper then any two-edged sword piercing even to the dividing assunder of soul and spirit and of the joynts and marrow and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart Heb. Heb. 4.12 4 12. In this especially may be observed 1. Tropes 2. Figures 3. Schemes 4. Patheticks * Darbenoth stimuli 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quibus boves punguniur Masmeroth clavi qui retinent illud cui infiguntur Eccl. â— 12.11 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Act. 2.37 5. Characters 6. Antisheses * 1 Tim 6.20 Oppofits Gal. 5.17 7. Parallels * Allusions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cor-espondencies CHAP. II. Of * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vertere To turn A flourish of speech whereby a word is turned or changed from his genuine signification into another Cicero de c'ar Orat. calleth them Verborum immutationes in his Partitions Verba modificata It differeth from a Figure or Scheme because the one doth alter the habit of or make a change in the Words onely the other in the Speech 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pâ—utarâ—â— in vit Homer Dictionum vero immutatio appellatur Trepaâ—â— compositionis contrà Schema Both the species of Elocution Tropes TRopes carry with them in Scripture the phraseologie of the sacred Tongues far differing in weight and majesty from Ethnick Ashdodism Most usefull amongst these may be noted 1 Hyperbole and Catachresis are by some modern Rhetoritians accounted affections of a Trope rather than Tropes themselves because there is no Trope but may be set forth in too harsh and unequall a dresse which is a Catachresis or be screwed up too high in hyperbolicall expressions Yet neither Tully Quintilian nor any of the Antients observe this exactnesse but number them amongst Tropes as doth the Author 1. Hyperbole 2 Hyperbole and Catachresis are by some modern Rhetoritians accounted affections of a Trope rather than Tropes themselves because there is no Trope but may be set forth in too harsh and unequall a dresse which is a Catachresis or be screwed up too high in hyperbolicall expressions Yet neither Tully Quintilian nor any of the Antients observe this exactnesse but number them amongst Tropes as doth the Author 2. Catachresis 3 Emphasis is rather a Figure than Trope in precisnesse of speech it belongeth not to the adorning of a word but sentence which by this Figure is so pronounced or otherwise notified that what lyeth hid and muffled under a clowd doth manifestly appear Emphasis est etiam inter figuras cum ex aliquo dicto latens aliquid eruitur But the Author taketh a Trope in the same latitude Quintilian doth l. 9. c. 2. Tropus est sermo à naturali principali fignificatione ad aliam ornandae oracionis gratiâ and so Emphasis may be permitted to stand where it doth 3. Emphasis 4. Metonymia 5. Ironia 6. Metaphora 7. Synecdoche * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Excedere superare An excesse of truth either by elevating it too high or depressing it as low Superlatio ac trajectio veritatis minuendi augendive causâ Cicer. de Orat. l. 3. So all amplifications and extenuations beyond or below their just measure may be termed Hyperbolicall although the words whereby they are expressed be not borrowed but proper Whence that of Virgil Eclog. 9. Candidior cygnis hederâ formosior albâ that of Plaut in Aulular Pumex non aequè est aridus atque hic senex and such like are taken by Rhetoritians to be hyperbolicall expressions though the words remain unaltered from their native habit and signification This Beumler will not endure and therefore hath excogitated a double Hyperbole the one Logicall the other Rhetoricall the Logicall where in proper words the thing is hyperbolically set forth Rhetoricall where there are improper or borrowed tearms used for the amplyfying or extenuating a thing Hyperbole Hyperbolicall speeches are these or the like in the old Testament Judah shall bind his fole unto the vine and his asses-colt unto the choise vine and wash his garments in wine and his cloths in the blood of the grape Gen. 49.11 expressing the extraordinary plenty of wine that shall stream in his coast So Exod. 3.17 A land flowing with milk and hony The rivers the floods the brooks of hony and butter Job 20.17 hyperbolically speak an incredible abundance With hony out of the rock should I have satisfied thee Psal 81.16 i.e. By means which could not be expected In like manner the fiercenesse of the Horse is set forth by swallowing the ground with his rage and saying Ha ha amongst the trumpets Job 39.24 25. The vastnesse of the Behemoth by drinking up a river and trusting that he can draw up Jordan into his mouth Job 40.23 The hideousnesse of the Leviathan whose eyes are like the eye-lids of the morning out of whose mouth go burning lamps whose breath kindleth coals that maketh the deep to boyle like a pot and the sea like a pot of oyntment by reason of whose plunging the mighty through fear purgant alvum saith one purifie themselves so our Translation Job 41.25 which set forth an unutterable terriblenesse not to be reached in other Languages So the skipping of mountains like Rams and of little Hills like Lambs Psal 114. would have us to conceive the shattering of the finest
silver and the fourth part of a cab of dove's dung for five 2 King 6. Gehazi vvill cheat both Naaman and his Master though the Leprosie attend it 2 King 5. And Korah vvith his complices oppose Moses and Aaron though the earth her selfe doth gape to svvallovv them for it and their families Instead of acknovvledging of our rebellions vve cry out vvith them in the prophet we have no King because we fear not the Lord What should a King do to us false swearing and a covenant will batter fit our plots Hos 10. We vvill not have this man shall reign over us this is the heire come let us kill him and the inheritance shall be ours Matth. 21. Luke 20. But shal the svvord devour for ever vvill not this bring forth bitternesse in the end 2 Sam. 2.26 In the mean vvhile Jonah sentt to Niniveh flyes to Tarshish and vve vvhen our Master is going to suffer are questioning Who should be chiefest Hovv can vve censure Esau for parting vvith his birth-right at so lovv a rate He vvept vvhen it vvas done but we do vvorse and boast of our bargains O Judas hovv doth our perfidiousnesse justifie thy highest treachery Thou soldest thy Master yet in a desperate kinde of repentance restored'st the money but vve hold it a disparagement to be over-seen in any thing and vvill venture rather Hell and the Gallovvs to be thought grand Politicians then to part vvith that vve have once gotten It vvas a poore content the rich man had of his full barnes that must the same night lose his Soul Luk. 12.16 And Dives feasting vvas not vvorth the reckoning that afforded him not a drop of water for a Grace-cup Luk. 16. The Spirit of the Pythonisse could preach true Doctrin These men are the servants of the high God Acts. 16. but to bring about a plot to drive the Apostles out of Town by the infatuated Aldermen that heeded not God but their gaine Rebobohams brazen shields make a shew as those of Gold placed in the Temple by his wiser father but put to the touch the case is altered The Holy Ghost may be so invocated that instead of a Dove an Owl may make appearance So many men talk of gifts that are but shifts and vaunt of taking pains who from our Saviour in the latter day shall have small thanks for their labour Matth. 7.22 These Rabshakehs will tell us of lands of corn and vvine and olives and honey that they will transplant us unto 2 Kings 18.32 but it will prove better to advise with some trusty Isaiahs then to presume too far upon the Gentleman's word The Woman that upbraided the Shoomaker for want of a shoo to fit her foot was found to have a foot not to be fitted without a mis-shapen shoo made on purpose It is dangerous to break such hedges where a Serpent is like to bite us by the fingers Eccles 10.8 and to poure in new vvine into old vessels that will surely break them Of the three Teaching Fig-trees in the Gospel the first telleth us that leaves without fruit draw on a curse Matth. 21. The second that where dressing helps not it must not any longer stand to burden the ground Luke 13. The third that a day of reckoning is growing upon us Matth. 24. It was too late to gather Mannah when the Sun had risen and melted it and in vain to cry Lord Lord with the foolish virgins when the doores are shut Matth. 25. Thirst is a signe in Physick that the purgation taken hath well wrought as it should My soul hath a thirst for God yea even for the living God when shall I come and appear before the presence of my God Psal 42.2 My meat is to do the will of him that sent me and to finish his worke John 4.34 And Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousnesse for they shall be filled Matthew 5 6. 1. The Generation of vipers 2. Sons of Belial 3. Baal Kemarims 4. tongue-men 5. belly-gods 6. cursed lyers and slanderers 7. filthy dreamers that blaspheme dignities may have their portion here but shall have their potion hereafter fire and brimstone storme and tempest this shall be prepared for them Psalm 11. The Spider weaves a subtile web and watcheth in it diligently to intangle flyes which he may devour but when the beesom of destruction commeth behold his travail shall come upon his own head and his wickedness on his own pate Psalm 7.17 Musicians usually tune their Instruments before they play in consort and the foot should be looked unto before we enter into the house of God except we intend to offer the fool's Sacrifice Eccles 5.1 The water of Siloah that runneth softly will prove better in the end then the Son of Remaliah's over-flowing torrents Every plant that the heavenly Father hath not planted shall be rooted out Matthew 15.13 CHAP. III. Of Figures AS tropicall Speeches consist of choise and gracefull Words So * Called by Cicero Orationis habitus from the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because speech is cloathed and adorned therewith termed Figura because it giveth a new shape or face to the word or sentence that is embelished and set forth with those flowers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Plutarch Figura aneem est oratio immutata ab co quod in usu in consuetudine positum est constans fictione quâdam ornatûs aut utilitatis causa Tully in Bruto divides them in verberum sententiarum lumina 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Figures arise from the fit placing disposition or repetition of vvords in Sentences vvhich othervvise vvould be represented as homely or as may be said disfigured In this range are these of especiall Note and Use to which the rest may be reduced 1. Epizeuxis 2. Anaphora 3. Epistrophe 4. Epanalepsis 5. Epanados 6. Paronomasia 7. Polyptôton * Ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ad et 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 jungere because the same vvord is adjoyned or presently repeated therefore termed by Quintilian lib. 9. chap. 3. Geminatio There are three ends of it put down by him there 1. for amplification as occidi occidi non Sp. Metium Wherein the first serves to shew or demonstrate the other to affirme 2. for commiseration Ah Coridon Coridon 3. for elevation being joyned with an Irony Epizeuxis By an Epizeuxis the same vvord is geminated in the same sentence in an elegant earnest manner My heart is fixed O GOD my heart is fixed I vvill sing and give praise Awake up my glory awake up my lute and harp I my selfe vvill awake right early Psalm 57.7 O God to whom vengeance belongeth thou God to whom vengeance belongeth shevv thy selfe Psal 94.1 Hovv long shall the wicked Hovv long shall the wicked triumph Hovv long shall they utter and speak hard things and make such proud boasting Ib. For these things I vveep mine eye mine eye runneth dovvn vvith vvater because the comforter that should relieve my Soul is far