by birth by divine inspiration became a Cistercian Monk He entred upon this course of life and continued with such great courage that he stuck not to challenge the Devil and bid him defiance The Enemy made his Cell the field of battail Here he assaulted him first with whips then upon a certain occasion gave him such blows that the blood burst out at his mouth and nose At the noise the Monks came in and finding him half dead they carried him to his Bed where he lay for the space of three dayes without giving any signes of life In which time in the company of an Angel he descended into a very obscure place where he saw a Man seated in a Chair of fire and certain Women very beautiful thrusting into his mouth burning torches drawing them out at other parts of his body which had been the instruments of his sins The Monk being astonished at this spectacle the Angel told him This miserable wretch was a very powerful man in the world and much given to Women and for this reason the Devils in shape of Women do torment him as thou seest Pasing a little farther he beheld another whom the infernal spirits were fleaing alive and having rubbed all his body over with salt they put him to roast upon a Gridiron This man said the Angel was a great Lord so cruel to his Vassals as the Devils are now to him A little farther they met with other persons of divers states and conditions which were tormented with several kinds of torments Many Religious both men and women whose lives had been contrary to their profession Talkers Censurers of other mens lives Slaves to their bellies defiled with lust and other such like vices To these the Ministers of vengeance in shape of most ugly fellows gave many blows in such sort that they dashed out their brains and made their eyes flye out of their heads because in their works they were blind and without judgement a chastisement Prov. 19. which the Wise-man appoints for such like persons Afterwards he lifted up his eyes and beheld one fastned to a horrible Wheel turning in such a dreadful manner that the Monk here was almost besides himself That thou seest is terrible said the Angel but far more terrible will be what thou shalt now see At the instant the Wheel began to run from alost down to the most profound depths with such horrid joggs and with such noise as if all the World Earth Heaven and all were breaking in pieces At this so sudden and direful accident all the Prisoners and Goalers of Hell brake out into great cries cursing and damning him that came in the Wheel This man said the Angel is Judas the Apostle who betrayed his Master and as long as he shall raign in glory which shall be world without end so long shall this miserable wretch lye thus tormented With these Representations God hath given us to understand the proportion his Justice observes in his chastisements to make us form some lively apprehension of the greatness of those pains they being indeed far greater than what ever we can conceive by all the rigour imaginable exhibited to the senses And in regard what enters by the senses prevails more with us for this reason he represents unto us the torments of the soul sutably to those so horrible to our senses as is to dash out the brains and make the brains flye out of the head For though it be true that this effect is not wrought indeed yet the torments inflicted upon the damned Souls are without companion greater then it would be for a man in this life to be so beaten about the head till his brains and eyes flew out Let us therefore fear the Divine justice and let us understand that in those parts of the body we offend God Almighty with greater delight we shall be sure to be punished with greater torment And here may be given this further instruction that as these and many such like stories related for more variety of discourse in this Treatise oblige us not to a full and absolute belief of them so they desire the favour of so much credit at least as is allowed to Livy Justine or other Chronicle-writers especially the Recorders of these being such as are no less grave and wise and acknowledge moreover a greater obligation of conscience not to wrong the World with lies or empty relations taken up upon the account of frivolous reports especially in matters of such concernment And as we think it not amiss to make use as occasion serves of profane Examples and Authorities in confirmation of what we usually either speak or write so without all doubt the same use of Sacred and Ecclesiastical occurrences may be no less available in such matters as these CAP. XII The fruit which may be drawn front the consideration of Eternal Evils ALl which hath been said of the pains in Hell is far short of that which really they are There is great difference betwixt the knowledge we have by relation and that which we learn by experience The Machabees knew that the Temple of the Lord was already prophaned deserted and destroyed They had heard of it and lamented it but when they saw with their eyes the Sanctuary lye desolate the Altar prophaned and the Gates burnt there was then no measure in their tears They tore their garments cast ashes upon their heads threw themselves upon the ground and their complaints ascended as high as Heaven If then the relation and discourse of the pains of Hell makes us tremble what shall be the sight and experience This notwithstanding the consideration of what hath been said may help us to form some conception of the terrour and horrour of that place of eternal sorrow Let us as St. Bernard sayes descend into Hell whilest we live that we may not descend thither when we are dead Let us draw some fruit from thence during our lives from whence nothing but torment is to be had after death The principal fruits which may be drawn from that consideration are these In the first place an ardent love and sincere gratitude towards our Creator that having so often deserved Hell he hath not yet suffered us to fall into it How many be there now in Hell who for their first mortal sin and onely for that one have been sent thither and we notwithstanding the innumerable sins which we have committed are yet spared What did God find in us that he should use a mercy towards us for so many sins which he did not afford to others for so few Why are we not then more grateful for so many benefits which we have no wayes deserved How grateful would a damned person be if God should free him from those flames wherein he is tormented and place him in the same condition we now are What a life would he lead what penance would he undergoe what austerity would not appear a pleasure unto him and how grateful
all goods and blessings without missing of any one and all of them at once it not being necessary for the enjoying of them to have them one after another but altogether The goods and blessings of this life have not this condition for although one were Master of them all yet he could not enjoy them all at once but successively some passing away and others succeeding in their place The Emperour Heliogabalus who most desired and most endeavoured to enjoy them for all the diligence and haste he used was hardly possest of three or four at once for whilst he was in his Banquets he could not attend his Masques and Dances whilst he was in these he enjoyed not the pleasures of the Shews and Spectacles of the Amphitheater whilst he was present at them he could not apply himself to Hunting and Sports of the field and whilst so imployed he could not satiate himself in Lust and Sensuality Finally to enjoy one he must of necessity quit the other insomuch as he could neither enjoy all pleasures those wanting which were enjoyed by others and of those which he might enjoy himself but few at a time But unto the just in Heaven no blessings or contents are missing no succession needful for their enjoying the blessed possessing them all and all together The possession of this happiness is also perfect in respect of the security it hath nothing being of force to disquiet it none to go to Law about it none to steal it none to disturb it and is likewise perfect because compleat not like the goods of the earth which cannot be enjoyed entirely for either the distance of place the imperfection of the sensible Organ the mixture of some grief or care or at least the multitude of Objects and their own opposition distract the perfect fruition of them But eternal happiness is by the blessed in its full extension perfectly possest the joy of it entirely relisht and the essence and sweetness of it wholly penetrated and imbibed into the essence of the Soul the which no mixture of pain no surprize of grief no incapacity of the subject no distance of position no greatness of the object can hinder for grief and care have there no place the subject is elevated above its nature the object accommodated and the eternal pleasure and delight of it not proportioned by space and distance â—â—n 1. â—â—b 7. 〈◊〉 1. Wherefore Plotinus likewise said that Eternity was A Life full and all at once because in it all that hath life shall be full and compleat the senses with the whole capacity of the soul shall be replenished with all happiness and delight there being no part oâ— life in man which shall not be full of sweetness joy and content The life of the hearing shall be full with the consort of most harmonious musick the life of the smell shall be full with the fragrancies of most sweet odours the life of the eyes shall be full feeding themselves with all beauty the life of the understanding shall be full with the knowledge of the Creator and the life of the will shall be full in loving rejoycing and delighting it self in him Temporal life is not capable of this fulness and satisfaction even in small matters the attention of one sense hinders that of another and the attention of the body that of the spirit This life cannot be here enjoyed but by parts and that also not compleatly but in that eternal felicity the life shall be full the possession total and the joy perfect where all is to live which here can die where neither the incompossibility of the objects nor the impediment of the senses nor the incapacity of the soul shall hinder us from enjoying all blessings together with all our senses and all our powers joyntly Over and above all this possession which is so total so perfect and so full is for life without death a space without limit a day eternal which is equivalent to all dayes and includes all years imbraces all ages and excels all times because in it nothing passes nor any good of it ever shall pass To the contrary it is with those wretched sinners whose eternal miseries have the same condition of bad which the eternity of the blessed hath of good unto whom their evill shall not be extrinsecal but in full possession of them and they shall remain in their torments with all their soul body powers and senses That is called possession which is acquired by a corporal and real presence These then unfortunate sinners are to continue in their torments with all what they have of being not as in a thing lent or distant from them but as in a thing so proper as it can by no possibility be parted or separated from them nothing being more proper and due then punishment is to sinners Wherefore all evils shall take possession of all what they are their senses their members the joynts of their bodies the powers of their soul their most spiritual faculties shall be possessed by fire bitterness grief rage despite miserie and malediction This possession of those unfortunate creatures shall be total because of all evils for no evil can be wanting where there is a concourse and meeting of all torments and unhappiness In the taste there shall not want bitterness in the appetite hunger in the tongue thirst in the sight horrour in the hearing astonishment in the smell stink in the heart pain in the imagination fear in every member grief and in the very bowels fire All evils are therefore to possess the damned and all totally their torments being so many that if they were to suffer them one after another many years would not suffice to finish them And this only were sufficient to make their condition most terrible But above all their unhappiness this is the greatest that they are to suffer them all at once The pain in one part of the body is not to hope it should cease in another the grief of the spirit is not to expect that the fire which burns the flesh should have an end all evils are to set upon them at once and all at one clap are to fall upon the heads of the damned The continuance of one little drop hollows a Stone and to ruine the world it was enough for God to rain for forty dayes What shall then be when his divine justice shall rain fire sulphur and tempest upon the heads of the damned not for forty dayes but whilst God is God Besides all this they shall not only be possest by all the the evils and all joyntly at once but by all of them fully in their whole force and vigour The sense of them shall not grow less by their multitude nor dull by their greatness but shall remain as quick and lively to them all and shall be as sensible of the rigour of each one of them as if they suffered but one onely for the fire shall not onely penetrate their
penance performed by Ezechiel the Prophet at the Commandment of God who appointed him that he should continue laid upon one side without rising for the space of 390 days This was a most rigorous pennance but by Divine Grace accomplished by the holy Prophet If it be then so difficult to lie immoveable upon one side for so short a time as the space of one year what shall it be for a condemned sinner to lye stretched upon a bed of sire in that eternal night and sadness of hell all sorts of evils raining down upon him for a time without end or limit What Christian is there who should consider and frame a liveconceit of this but would become another man who could take delight in a momentary pleasure of this life running the danger of those eternal pains in the next who would dare to sin at the hazard of so great a punishment O how powerful a remedy were it against the disordered customs of sinners if they would but settle themselves seriously to think that Eternity hath no end O that they would think upon this one half hour in a day or but so much in a week how quickly would they amend their lives But this is a thought not to be past over in haste but leasurely pondered with attention and profound consideration meditating within our selves what Eternity is that it is that which shall never have an end never never For as that meat which is not chewed nor concocted in the stomack benefits nothing so the thought of Eternity without being well ruminated and digested will little advantage us The force of this consideration appears by an accident related by Benedictus Renatus of a certain man vain and vitious named Fulk the which Benedict Renat lib. 5. as he was given to all sorts of pleasure and delicacy would be sure not to want a soft bed and a large repose But one night his sleep failing him tossing and turning from side to side desiring every moment that day would break whilest he lay thus awake this thought came into his consideration What wouldest thou take to lye in this manner for the space of two or three years in continual darkness without conversation of friends or entertainment of thy pleasures certainly although thou shouldest lye at thy ease and upon a soft Bed as thou now doest yet the trouble would be intolerable But know that thou art not to depart so cheap out of this life thou art not to escape hence at thy own choice at the best that can happen thou art to lye languishing in thy Death-bed where thou art to pass many evil and tedious nights unless perchance thou dye suddenly which will be more and when thou leavest that Bed and dyest dost thou know what Bed shall then expect thee what Couch death hath provided for thee Thy body certainly shall lye upon the hard and cold earth and be devoured by worms but concerning the soul what shall become of it knowest thou whither it shall goe assuredly according to thy present life it shall goe to hell where a terrible Bed of fire awaits thee not for a year or two but for a whole Eternity There thou art to continue in perpetual darkness and torments where a thousand thousand millions of years are not sufficient to satisfie for one of thy unlawful pleasures There thou shalt never see nor Sun nor Heaven nor God Ay me Ay miserable me if this poor want of sleep be so ill to be endured how shall I suffer the eternal torments of hell that which now imports me is to change my course of life for in this way I now goe I am lost for ever These considerations imprinted so deep a character in his minde of Eternity that he could not quit the thought of it until he had resolved to become a Religious man but would often say with himself What doest thou here miserable man thou livest in the world and the world affords thee no comfort thou sufferest many things which thou wouldest willingly avoid and wantest others which thou wouldest as willingly enjoy Thou molestest thy self with the cares of this life and what reward attends thee for all thy trouble thou enjoyest no compleat pleasure and if thou didst it would not last Seest thou not daily those who dye and enter into Eternity O Eternity Eternity if thou beest not in Heaven wheresoever thou art even in this soft Bed thou art grievous I will therefore endeavour to assure Heaven and for a little will not lose much nor for what is temporal the eternal and so putting in execution what he had resolved upon he entered a Religious person into the order of the Cistercians §. 4. All our actions are still to be accompanied with this thought For ever For ever shall be rewarded that which I do well and that for ever punished wherein I grievously offend With this consideration shall a Christian not onely animate himself to do good works but to do them well Aelianus writes of Ismenias Lib. 1. Var. Hist ca. 21. Embassador from the Thebans unto the King of Persia that being about to deliver his Embassage and advertised that before he spake a word he was to adore the King Ismenias thinking this honour too much to be bestowed upon a barbarous Prince yet seeing no wayes to avoid it fell upon this devise He took his Ring which anciently was of great esteem as signifying the quality and authority of him that wore it and pulling it from his finger let it secretly fall at the Kings feet whilest he lay prostrate before them saying within himself Not unto thee but to this Ring If we in like manner should in all our actions propose unto our selves Eternity and wholly respect it we should finde little difficulty in any good work we went about Let us therefore fix our eyes and thoughts upon it which is to be given us for that which may be done in a moment Blessed be God who bestows upon us a reward without and for troubles so short that they scarcely have a beginning Euripides a famous Poet amongst the Greeks complained upon a time that in three whole days he had made but three Verses and those not without trouble Alcestides another Poet present answered For me one day is sufficient to make an hundred Verses and that with ease Euripides then replied It is no marvel since thy Verses are but for three dayes and mine are for ever In the same manner Zeuxis a most excellent Painter but above all measure slow being demanded why he was so tedious in his work answered I paint leasurely because I paint for ever But certainly he deceived himself for at this day there is no Picture of his to be seen and for Euripides many of his works are lost But no good work of the just shall perish Neither have we need so much as of a day to gain Eternity One act of Contrition which is made in a moment does it and in a moment
quality of temporal life that having in it self no truth or reality yet it paints and sets forth that false ware which it hath with much beauty and lustre to our perdition Wherefore Aeschylus said That it was not onely a shadow of life but also a shadow of smoak which blindes and smuts and is a thing so inconstant and vain which is also suitable to that of David when he said That his dayes vanished like smoak and grew towards an end like a shadow joyning together the shadow and smoak two things the most vain of any in the world Even Pindarus exaggerates it yet more saying That it was no shadow but the dream of a shadow and what is it else but to dream to perswade ones self that this life is long and hope for prosperity in it This certainly is the greatest deceit which is put upon man and the chief cause of all his evils that he suffers not himself to be perswaded what life is and the shortness of it For as the Shadow is nothing less than the Statua whole Shadow it is yet appears like it and is the figure of it so although this life be most short and nothing less than eternity yet it looks like it and unto us it seems as if it were eternal This is a most hurtful and costly cosenage For if life should appear what it is and not lie unto us we should not put our trust in it nor make such esteem of those goods and blessings which it promises which in themselves are so deceitful and uncertain but being as it is an image and a shadow all which it proposes unto us is but feigned and dissembled promising great happiness when it is onely full of misery and calamity although disguis'd in such manner as we know them not How contented goes the Bride unto her Marriage Bed and yet within a short time laments her unfortunate choice with what gust does the ambitious man enter upon his office which is but a Seminary of future sorrow and vexation what joy doe those riches bring along with them which in the end are to be the death of the possessor All is deceit dissimulation falshood and prejudice and yet we like frantick people are not sensible of our mischiefs Unto how many infirmities is the body of a man exposed with what imaginations is he afflicted and deceived with how many labours and toyls does he daily wrestle with what thoughts and apprehensions doth he torment himself what dangers of soul and body doth he run into what fopperies is he forced to behold what injuries to suffer what necessities and afflictions Nay such is our whole life that it seemed unto St. Bernard little less evil than that of hell Sermo de ascen Domini but onely for the hope we have of heaven Our Infancy is full of ignorance and fears our Youth of sins our Age of sorrow and our whole life of dangers There is none content with his condition but he who will die whilst he lives in so much as life cannot be good unless it must resemble death Finally as the Shadow is in such manner an image as it represents all things to the contrary so as he who shall place himself betwixt the Statua and the Shadow shall perceive that that which is upon the right hand of the Statua the Shadow represents upon the left and what it has upon the left the Shadow hath upon the right so Time is in such manner the Image of Eternity as it has all its properties to the contrary Eternity hath no end but Life and Time have a speedy one Eternity hath no change but nothing is more mutable than Time Eternity suffers no comparison by reason of its infinite greatness but Life and all the goods of it are short and little and derived from the earth which is but a point THE SECOND BOOK OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWIXT THE TEMPORAL and ETERNAL CAP. I. Of the End of Temporal Life LEt us now consider how contrary unto the conditions of Eternity are those which accompany this our miserable life Let us begin with the first Which is to be limited and subject to an end In the which two things are to be considered The End and the Manner of it which perhaps is of more misery than the end it self And truly although the end of life should fall under humane election and that it were in the power of Man to make choice how many years he would continue in life and after what manner he would then leave it and that it might conclude some other way than by death or sickness yet the consideration that it and all things temporal were to perish and at last to have an end were sufficient to make us despise it and that very thought would drown all the pleasures and contents which it could afford us For as all things are of greater or lesser esteem according to the length and shortness of their duration so life being to end be it in what manner soever is much to be disvalued A fair Vessel of Chrystal if it were as consistent and durable as Gold were more precious than Gold it self but being frail and subject to break it loses its estimation and although of it self it might last long yet being capable by some careless mischance of being broken it becomes of much less value In the same manner our life which is much more frail than glass being subject to perish by a thousand accidents and though none of them should happen could not long continue since it consumes it self must needs together with those temporal goods which attend it be most contemptible But considering that the ending of it is by the way of death infirmities and misfortunes which are the Harbingers and prepare the way for death it is to be admired that Man who knows he is to die makes account of temporal felicity seeing the misery in which the prosperity of this world and the Majesty of the greatest Monarchs are at last to finish Wherein ended King Antiochus Lord of so many Provinces 1 Machab 6. 2 Machab 9. but in a disconsolate and mortal Melancholy in a perpetual waking which with want of sleep bereft him of his judgment in a grievous torture in his belly which forced him to void his very entrails in a perpetual pain in his bones that he was not able to move And he who seemed to command the waves of the Sea and that the highest mountains of the Earth hung upon his finger ends whose Majesty was once lifted up above all humane power could not then preserve himself in his own Kingdom nor move one pace from the place where they layd him he who cloathed himself in soft Silks and pure Linnens he whose Garments were more fragrant than the most precious spices cast now such a smell from his putrified members that none could endure his presence and being yet alive his whole body swarmed with loathsome vermin his flesh dropped away by
the place whither he is to goe How comest thou then to forget death whither thou travellest with speed and canst not though thou desirest rest one small minute by the way For time although against thy will will draw thee along with it The way of this life is not voluntary like that of Travellers but necessary like that of condemned persons from the prison unto the place of execution To death thou standest condemned whither thou art now going how canst thou laugh A Malefactor after sentence past is so surprised with the apprehension of death that he thinks of nothing but dying We are all condemned to die how come we then to rejoyce in those things which we are to leave so sodainly Who being led to the Gallows could please himself in some little flower that was given him by the way or play with the Halter which was shortly to strangle him Since then all of us even from the instant we issue out of our Mothers wombs walk condemned unto death and know not whether we shall from thence pass into hell at least we may how come we to please our selves with the flower or to say better with the hay of some short gust of our appetites since according to the Prophet all the glory of the flesh is no more than a little hay which quickly withers How come we to delight in riches which oftentimes hasten our deaths Why consider we not this when we are certain that all that we do in this life is vanity except our preparation for death In death when as there is no time nor remedy left us we shall too late perceive this truth when as all the goods of this life shall leave us by necessity which we will not now leave with merit Death is a general privation of all goods temporal an universal Pillager of all things which even despoils the body of the soul For this it is compared unto a Theef who not onely robs us of our treasure and substance but bereaves us of our lives Since therefore thou art to leave all Why doest thou load thy self in vain What Merchant knowing that so soon as he arrived unto the Ports his Ship and Goods should both be sunk would charge his Vessel with much Merchandise Arriving at death thou and all thou hast are to sink and perish why doest thou then burthen thy self with that which is not needful but rather a hinderance to thy salvation How many forbearing to throw their Goods over-board in some great Tempest have therefore both themselves and Goods been swallowed by the raging Sea How many who out of a wicked love to these Temporal riches have lost themselves in the hour of death and will not then leave their wealth when their wealth leaves them but even at that time busie their thoughts more about it than their Salvation Whereupon St. Gregory sayes That is never lost without grief which is possest with love Humbert in tract de Septemp timore Vmbertus writes of a certain man of great wealth who falling desperately sick and Plate of gold and silver to be brought before him and in this manner spake unto his Soul My Soul all this I promise thee and thou shalt enjoy it all if thou wilt not now leave my Body and greater things I will bestow upon thee rich Possessions and sumptuous Houses upon condition thou wilt yet stay with me But finding his infirmity still to encrease and no hope left of life in a great rage and fury he fell into these desperate speeches But since thou wilt not do what I desire thee nor abide with me I recommend thee unto the Devil and immediately with these words miserably expired In this story may be seen the vanity of Temporal things and the hurt he receives by them who possesses them with too much affection What greater vanity then not to profit us in a passage of the greatest necessity and importance and what greater hurt then when they cannot avail our bodies to prejudice our souls That they put an impediment to our salvation when our affections are too much set upon them were a sufficient motive not onely to contemn them but also to detest them Robertus de Licio writes that whilest he advised a sick person to make his Confession and take care of his Soul his Servants and other Domesticks went up and down the house laying hold every one of what they could the sick man taking notice of it and attending more to what They stole from him than to what He spake to him about the salvation of his Soul made deep sighs and cried out saying Wo be to me Wo be to me who have taken so much pains to gather riches and now am compelled to leave them and they snatch them from me violently before my eyes O my Riches O my Moneys O my Jewels into whose possession are you to fall and in these cries he gave up the ghost making no more account of his Soul than if he had been a Turk Vincentius Veluacensis relates also of one Vincen. in spec moral who having lent four pounds of money upon condition that at four years end they should pay him twelve he being in state of death a Priest went to him and exhorted him to confess his sins but could get no other words from the sick person than these Such a one is to pay me twelve pounds for four and having said this died immediately Much what to this purpose is a Story related by St. Bernardin of a certain Confessarius who earnestly perswading a rich man at the time of his death to a confession could get no other words from him but How sells Wool What price bears it at present and as the Priest spake unto him Sir for Gods sake leave off this discourse and have a care of your Soul the Sick man still persevered to inform himself of such things he might hope to gain by asking him Father when will the Ships come are they yet arrived for his thoughts were so wholly taken up with matters of gain and this world that he could neither speak nor think of any thing but what tended to his profit But die Priest still urging him to look to his Soul and confess all he could get from him was I cannot and in this manner died without confession This is the Salary which the goods of the earth bestow on those who serve them that if they do not leave or ruine them before their death they are then certain at least to leave them and often hazard the salvation of those that dote upon them O foolish Sons of Adam this short life Is bestowed upon us for gaining the goods of heaven which are to last eternally and we spend it in seeking those of the earth which are to perish instantly Wherefore do we not employ this short time for the purchasing eternal glory since we are to possess no more hereafter than what we provide for here Wherefore do we not
Titus Etherius dyed in the act of lust Giachetto Saluciano and his Mistress dyed in the same venerial action and their bodies were both found conjoyned in death as their souls went joyntly to hell Upon small matters and unexpected accidents depends the success of that moment upon which depends Eternity Let every one open his eyes and assure not himself of that life which hath so many entrances for death let no man say I shall not dye to day for many have thought so and yet sodainly dyed that very hour By so inconsiderable things as we have spoken of many have dyed and thou mayest dye without any of them For a sodain death there is no need of a hair or fish bone to strangle thee nor affliction of melancholy to oppress or excess of sodain joy to surprize thee it may happen without all these exteriour causes A corrupt humour in the entrails which flyes unto the heart without any body perceiving it is sufficient to make an end of thee and it is to be admired that no more dye sodainly considering the disorders of our lives and frailties of our bodies we are not of iron or brass but of soft and delicate flesh A Clock though of hard Mettal in time wears our and hath every hour need of mending and the breaking of one wheel stops the motion of all the rest There is more artifice in a humane body than in a Clock and it is much more subtle and delicate The nerves are not of steel nor the veins of brass nor the entrails of iron How many have had their livers or spleen corcupted or displaced and have dyed sodainly no man sees what he hath within his body and such may his infirmity be that although he thinks and feels himself well yet he may dye within an hour Let us all tremble at what may happen CAP. IV. Why the end of Temporal Life is terrible DEath because it is the end of life is by Aristotle said to be the most terrible of all things terrible What would he have said if he had known it to be the beginning of Eternity and the gate through which we enter into that vast Abyss no man knowing upon what side he shall fall into that profound and bottomless depth If death be terrible for ending the business and affairs of life what is it for ushering in that instant wherein we are to give an accompt of life before that terrible and most just Judge who therefore dyed that we might use it well It is not the most terrible part of death to leave the life of this world but to give an accompt of it unto the Creatour of the world especially in such a time wherein he is to use no mercy This is a thing so terrible that it made holy Job to tremble notwithstanding he had so good an accompt to make who was so just that God himself gloried in having such a Servant The Holy Ghost testifies that he sinned not in all what he had spoken in his troubles and calamities which were sent him not as a punishment for his sins but as a trial of his patience proposing him unto us an example of vertue and constancy and he himself protests that his Conscience did not accuse him yet for all this was so fearful of the strict judgment which God passes in the end of the world that amazed at the severity of his Divine Justice he cries out in his discourse with the Lord Who will give me that thou protect and hide me in hell Dionys Rikel artic 16. de noviss whilest thy fury passes Whereupon Dionysius Rikellius affirms that that instant wherein the Judgement of God is to be given is not onely more terrible than death but more terrible than to suffer the pains of hell for some certain time and this not onely unto those who are to be damned but even unto those who are elected for heaven Since therefore Job being so just and holy quaked at the apprehensions of that Divine Judgement when it was yet far from him and when we use not to be so sensible as of things at hand without doubt when a Sinner shall in that instant perceive himself to have displeased his Redeemer and Creatour although but in small faults yet it will afflict him more than the suffering of most great pains for which St. Basil judged that it was less to suffer eternal torments Basil hom contra divites avaros than the confusion of that day and therefore pondering that reprehension given unto the rich man in the Gospel Fool this night thy Soul shall be taken from thee Whose then shall be the riches which thou hast gotten the Saint avers that this mock this taunt did exceed an eternal punishment Death is terrible for many weighty reasons and every one sufficient to cause in us a mortal fear whereof not the least is the sight of the offended Judge who is not onely Judge but Party and a most irrefragable Witness in whose visage shall then appear such a severity against the wicked that St. Austin sayes he had rather suffer all manner of torments than to behold the face of his angry Judge And St. Chrysostome saith Chrys homi 24. in Math. It were better to be struck with a thousand Thunderbolts than to behold that countenance so meek and full of sweetness estranged from us and those eyes of peace and mildness not enduring to behold us The only sight of an Image of Christ crucified Rad. in opusc in annuis Societ which appeared with wrathful and incensed eyes although in this life when the field of mercy is open was sufficient so to astonish three hundred persons who beheld it that they fell unto the ground senseless and without motion and so continued for the space of some hours How will it then amaze us when we shall behold not a dead Image but Jesus Christ himself alive not in the humility of the Cross but upon a Throne of Majesty and Seat of Justice not in a time of mercy but in the hour of vengeance not naked with pierced hands but armed against Sinners with the Sword of Justice when he shall come to judge and revenge the injuries which they have done him God is as righteous in his justice as in his mercy and as he hath allotted a time for mercy so he will for justice and as in this life the rigour of his justice is as it were repressed and suspended so in that point of death when the Sinner shall receive judgment it shall be let loose and overwhelm him A great and rapid river which should for 30 or 40 years together have its current violently stopt what a mass of waters would it collect in so long a space and if it should then be let loose with what fury would it overrun and bear down all before it and what resistance could withstand it Since then the Divine justice Dan. 7. which the Prophet Daniel compares
we can carry nothing but our good works and let us not add unto our evil ones that of vain-glory in seeking to leave behind us a vain Fame and Renown Plin. l. 56. c. 13. What remains unto King Porsenna of that heavy burthen wherewith he grieved and afflicted his whole Kingdom in rearing him a Sepulchre of that rare and sumptuous workmanship but a testimony of his pride and folly In like manner the Monument of the Emperour Adrian which was the Beauty and Glory of Rome shall be then changed into a scorn Lastly St. Thomas teaches us that Temporal things on which we place our affections because some last a longer and some a shorter time after death shall all enter with us into Divine judgement Let us take heed therefore whereon we set our hearts since the accomplishing of what we wish may be a punishment of our desires Those things of the Earth which we most love and desire should continue if they be taken from us it is a chastisement of our earthly affection and if we be permitted to enjoy them let us fear that they be not the temporal Reward of some good Work which may either diminish or deprive us of the Eternal Besides this because not onely the Soul of man hath offended but the whole man both in Soul and Body it was fit that both Soul and Body should be judged and appear before the Tribunal of Christ and that in publique because none should presume to sin in secret since his sins are to be revealed and made known to all past present and to come A terrible case it is that this passage of Divine judgement which according as we have said out of holy Job appears unto the Saints more terrible than to suffer all the pains of Hell is twice to be acted and this so bitter trance to be again repeated the second time being unto sinners of greater horrour and confusion than the first CAP. IX Of the last day of Time THat we may now come to handle the manner of this universal Judgement which is to pass upon time and men we are to suppose that this fire which is to precede the coming of Christ is at his descent to continue in assistance of his Divine justice and after his return unto Heaven attended by all the just to remain until it hath purged and purified these inferiour Elements the which is noted by Albertus Magnus Albert. Magn. in comp Theol. lib. 7. c. 15. Less de perf div lib. 13. c. 30. 23. and collected from divers places of the Divine Scriptures We are also to suppose that this coming of Christ is to be with greater terrour and Majesty than hath been yet manifested by any of the Divine persons either in himself or any of his Creatures If an Angel which represented God and was onely to promulgate the Law came with that terrour and Majesty unto Mount Sinay as made the Hebrew people though purified and prepared for his coming to quake and tremble what shall the Lord of the Law doe when he himself comes to take an account of the Law and to revenge the breach of it With what terrour and Majesty shall he appear unto men plunged in sin and unprepared for his reception who are then to be all present and judged in that last day of time The day in which the Law was given was very memorable unto the Hebrews And this day where an account of the Law is to be given will be horrible and ought perpetually to remain in the memory of all mankind But before we declare what shall pass in this let us say something of what hath already passed in that that from the horrour of the first appearance we may gather something of what shall happen in the second and from the Majesty wherewith an Angel appeared when he gave the Law collect something of the Majesty of the Lord of Angels when he judges the Law Fifty dayes after the departure of the Sons of Israel out of Egypt after so many plagues and punishments poured upon that Kingdom after the burying of the unbelieving Egyptians who pursued them in the bottom of the Red Sea and that the Hebrews having escaped their enemies were lodged round about Mount Sinay Deut. 33. Vid. Barrad l. 6. itin c. 5. Ps 65. Deut. 33. There was seen to come in the Air from far that is from Mount Seir in Idumea a Lord of great power attended with an infinite multitude of Angels In so much as David sings that ten thousand compassed about his Chariot And Moses speaking of many thousands which attended him says also that he carried in his right hand the Law of God all of flaming fire and yet he who came in this height of Majesty waited on with those Celestial Spirits was not God Act. 7. but as we learn from St. Stephen onely an Angel and believed to be St. Michael who because he came in the Name of God the holy Scriptures calls the Lord. This Angel thus accompanied came seated on a dark condensed Cloud which cast forth frequent flashes of Lightning and resounded with dreadful cracks of Thunder Deut. 33. from Mount Seir unto Mount Haran in the Land of the Ishmaelites and from thence with the same Majesty passed through the Air unto Mount Sinay where the Children of Israel lay encamped who at the dawning of the day astonisht with that fearful noyse stood quaking and trembling in their Tents No sooner was the Angel arrived unto Mount Sinay which as the Apostle says Heb. 42. was covered with rain whirlwinds storms and tempests but he descended in flames which raught betwixt Heaven and Earth from whence issued forth a smoke black and thick as from a furnace during which time a Trumpet was heard to sound with that piercing vehemence that as it encreased in loudness so fear encreased in the amazed Israelites who now stood quaking at the foot of the Mountain but were by the Angel so much would he be respected commanded by the mouth of Mâ—ses not to approach it lest they died After which the Angel began with a dreadful voice to proclaim the Law which was pronounced with so much life and vigour that not withstanding the horrid noyse of Thunder the flashes of lightning and the shrill and penetrating sound of the Trumpet still continued yet all the Hebrews who with their Tents overspread those vast deserts and many thousands of Egyptians who were converted and followed them heard conceived and understood it clearly and distinctly Nay so piercing was the voyce that it entred and imprinted it self in their very bowels speaking unto every one of them as if it had spoken to him only which caused so great a fear and reverence in the people that they thought they could not live if the Angel continued speaking and therefore besought it as a grace that he would speak unto them by the way of Moses lest they should die Nay Moses himself accustomed to see
vanity in their manner of leaving us which is excellently represented by St. John Chrysostome in the Eunuch Eutropius Patrician of Constantinople Hom. in Eutrop. tom 5. Consul and great Chamberlain to the Emperour Arcadius who withdrawing his privacy and favour from him committed him to prison which the holy Doctor admirably ponders in this manner If in any time now more than ever may be said Vanity of vanities all is vanity Where is now the splendour of the Consulat where the Lictors and their Fasces where the Applauses Dances Banquets and Revels where the Crowns and Tapestry where the noise of the City and the flattering acclamations of the Circus all those things are perished a boysterous wind hath blown away the leaves and left the naked tree tottering and almost pluckt up by the roots Such was the violence of the storm that when it had shaken all the nerves it threatned utterly to overthrow the stock Where are now those masking friends those healths and suppers where that swarm of Parasites and that flood of wine poured out from morning till evening where that exquisite and various artifice of Cooks those Servants accustomed to say and do all that pleased All these were no more than a Nights dream which disappeared with the day Flowers which withered when the Spring was ended a Shadow they were and so they passed a Smoke and so they vanisht Bubbles in the water and so they burst Spiders webs and so were torn in sunder Wherefore let us ever repeat this sentence Vanity of vanities all is vanity This saying ought to be written upon our Walls Market-places Houses Streets Windows Gates but principally in the Conscience of every one since the deceitful employments of this life and the enemies of truth have gained too much power and authority with many This is it which one man ought to say unto another this is it we ought to say at dinner at supper and in all our conversation Vanity of vanities all is vanity Did I not daily tell thee that riches were flitting and deceitful but thou wouldest not endure me Did not I tell thee they had the condition of a fugitive Slave but thou wouldest not believe me See how experience hath taught thee that they are not onely fugitive but ungrateful and murthering since they have cast thee into this exigent But because this Eunuch would neither be advised by the counsel of his Domesticks nor Strangers do thou at least who art puffed up with wealth and honours make use of this calamity and turn it to thy own profit There is nothing more infirm than humane things By what name soever thou shalt express their baseness thou shalt still fall short Call them hay smoke a dream flowers which wither all is too little they are so frail that they are more nothing than nothing it self They are not only nothing but are still in precipitation Who was more exalted than this man was he not famous for his wealth through the world was he not mounted up to the height of all humane honour Did not all fear and reverence him But behold him now more miserable than Slaves and Bond-men more indigent than those who beg their bread from door to door There is no day wherein are not set before his eyes Swords drawn and sharpened to cut his throat Precipices Hangmen and the Street which lead to the Gallows Neither doth he enjoy the memory of his pad pleasures nor the common light but is at midday as in a dark night pen'd up betwixt four walls deprived of the use of his eyes But wherefore do I remember those things since no words are able to express the fear of his mind who every hour expects his punishment to what end are my speeches when the image of his calamity appears so evidently before thine eyes Not long agoe the Emperour having sent some Souldiers to draw him out of the Church whither he was fled for sanctuary he became as pale as box and at this instant hath no better colour than one who were dead To this add that his teeth gnash against one another his body quakes his voice is broken with sobbs his tongue stammers in conclusion he stands like one whose soul were frozen for fear within him All this is from St. John Chrysostome It is not needful to attend the end of life to see the imposture of it It is enough to see the alterations whilest it lasts CAP. V. The baseness and disorder of Temporal things and how great a Monster men have made the World LEt us now come to consider the baseness of all that which passes in time the which appeared so mean and poor unto Marcus Aurelius that he said Lib. 2. Those things which fall under sense which either allure us with delight or deject us with grief or glitter with outward pomp and appearance how vile are they all how worthy of contempt how sordid and filthy how subject to perish and how dead This said that great Emperour and Monarch of the World when the Roman Empire was in its greatest power and lustre and in the greatest experience of the goods of the earth being more powerful and having more command of them than Salomon and yet he not onely sayes they were vain but vile filthy contemptible and dead That we may understand this better let us look into the substance and being which temporal things have of themselves without respect either to the shortness of their duration or to the variety of their changes for which alone although in themselves most precious yet were they most despicable but being so little so vile so disorderly and for the most part so hurtful and prejudicial unto us although they were eternal yet ought they to be contemned We are not therefore onely to look upon that littleness and poorness which they have by nature and from themselves but upon the evil which they have acquired by our abuse For the World which of it self were tolerable is by us made such that it is not to be endured even by those who best love it And to those natural goods which it affords our unstable appetite hath added such artificial fopperies of our own inventions that of both together we have composed a Monster no less horrible than that described by St. John in the Apocalyps Apoc. 13. And therefore he that will see what worldly felicity is let him cast his eyes upon that Beast which for his unquietness and unconstancy is said to rise out of the sea He had the head and face of a Lion the body of a Leopard a Beast various and spotted and the feet of a Bear and for his more deformity he had seaven heads and ten horns This the lively Image of that which passes in the World For as this Monster is composed of three savage Beasts of a Bear which is carnal and luxurious of a Leopard whose skin is full of eyes and of a Lion the proudest of all other Beasts
arrogant clay an insolent dust and a sparkle which in a moment is extinguished a flame which quickly dies a light which vanishes into air a dead leaf withered hay faded grass a nature which consumes it self to day threatens and to morrow dies to day abounds in wealth and is to morrow in his grave to day hath his brows circled with a diadem and to morrow is with worms he is to day and to morrow ceases to be triumphs and rejoyces to day and to morrow is lamented immeasurably insolent in prosperity and in adversity admits no comfort who knows not himself yet is curious in searching what is above him is ignorant of what is present and scoffs at what 's to come he who is mortal by nature and out of pride thinks himself eternal he who is an open house of perturbations a game of divers infirmities a concourse of daily calamities and a receptacle of all sorrow O how great is the Tragedy of our baseness and how many things have I said But it cannot better be declared than by the voice of the Prophet In vain doth man who lives trouble himself For truly the things of this life which shine and glister most are of less profit than a putrified Carcase This is of St. John Chrysostome in which he clearly sets forth the misery of Man the shortness of his life and the vanity of things temporal § 3. And that the perfect knowledge of our selves may not be wanting unto us Man is not onely thus vile and base whilest he lives and much more being dead but even his Soul whilest it remains in his Body is not of much greater esteem For although the Soul be of it self of a most noble substance yet our vices do so much vilifie it that they make it more abominable than the Body And without doubt the Soul when it is dead in mortal sin is more corrupt and stinking in the sight of the Angels than a Body dead eight days agoe for if that Body be full of worms this is full of devils and vices And even whilest the Soul lives and is free from any mortal sin yet by committing those which are but venial it becomes full of imperfections and although it be not dead yet it is more weak feeble and languishing than a sick Body and if a man knew himself well he would be more affrighted at the misery of his Soul than at that of his Flesh The devout Father Alfonso Roderiguez a most excellent Master in matters of spirit writes of a holy Woman who desired light from God to know in what condition she was and saw in her self such ugliness and deformity that she was not able to suffer it and therefore besought God again saying Not so much O Lord for I shall faint and be dismaid Father Master John d'Avila saith that he knew a person who often had importuned God to discover unto him what he was It pleased God to open his eyes but a very little and yet that little had like to have cost him dear for he beheld himself so ugly and abominable that he cried out aloud Lord of thy mercy take from before mine eyes this mirrour I desire not any more to behold my figure Donna Sancha Carillo that most fervent servant of Christ after she had led a most perfect and admirable life besought our Lord to give her a sight of her Soul that seeing the filthiness of her sins she might be further moved to abhorre them Our Lord was pleased to grant her request and shewed it her in this form One night as she sat alone in her Sala the door open there passed before her an ancient Hermite his hair all gray and in his hand a staffe to support him She amazed at the sight of such a man in such a habit at so unseasonable an hour was a little surprised with fear yet recollecting her self said unto him Father what seek ye for here to whom he answered Lift up my Cloak and you shall see She did so and beheld a little Girle sickly pale and weak with the face all covered over with flies She took it in her armes and demanded of him Father what is this Doest thou not remember replyed the Hermite when thou earnestly desired'st of our Lord that he would give thee a view of thy Soul Behold the figure of it after this manner it is This said the Apparition vanished and she remained so confused and affrighted that it seemed unto her accordingly as she after confessed that all her bones were displaced with such grief and pain as had it not been for the great favour and mercy of God it had been impossible for her to endure it She passed that night almost overwhelmed with the waves of her sad and troubled thoughts The manner of that Girle so feeble and discoloured afflicted her extremely contemplating it as the image of her Soul especially when she reflected on the face covered with those impertinent and troublesome little creatures her grief was doubled and it seemed unto her as if it had smelt like something that was dead or some old sore which made her send up a thousand sighs unto heaven and to desire a remedy and mercy from our Lord. No sooner did the day so much desired by her appear but she repaired instantly unto her Confessor a person of great vertue and learning and desired him with many tears to explicate unto her the meaning of that Vision and to tell her whether those little creatures did signifie any grievous and hidden sins which her soul knew not of The Confessor took some short time to recommend his answer unto our Saviour which done he returned and said unto her Madam trouble not your self but render hearty thanks unto God for the favour which he hath done you and know that the feebleness which appeared in the Image of your Soul was an effect of venial sins which weaken but kill not cool but extinguish not the charity in our Souls for if they had been mortal sins the Girle would have been dead for those deprive the Soul wholly of life those which be venial onely take away our fervour and promptness in the service of God and the perfect accomplishing of his holy Law If then the Souls of so great Servants of God are so full of miseries wherein can miserable man boast since he is so both in soul and body CAP. IX How deceitful are all things Temporal FRom what hath hitherto been said may be collected how great a lie and cozenage is all that which passes in time and that the things of the earth besides that they are base inconstant and transitory are also deceitful and full of danger This is signified unto us in the Apocalyps by the Harlot by which was denoted humane prosperity who sat upon that monstrous Beast which is the World And amongst other Ornaments as the Scripture sayes she was adorned with gilded gold which gives us to understand her falshood Since it was
dangers no man would take thee up though he should finde thee in the Streets And Dionysius to express the anxieties of the life of Kings said it was like that of condemned persons which every hour expect death This is signified by the Cup of Gold which the Woman that is Prosperity who sat upon the Monster with seaven heads that is the World held in her hand which although it made a fair shew yet was full of abomination because there is none who speaks not ill of his own condition and many who seem most fortunate abhorre their own lot although it appear glorious unto others Salomon was the King who most enjoyed the goods of this life for he resolved to satiate himself with delights even until he surfeited He had a thousand Wives whereof 700 Queens and 300 Concubins he had sumptuous Buildings and Palaces Gardens Orchards Houses of Pleasure Woods Groves Fish-ponds excellent Musick Men and Women Singers the greatest and best ordered Court in the World his Service and Vessels of gold and silver so sumptuous as it caused admiration in the Queen of Saba His Cavalry consisted of 40000 horse with furniture sutable in perpetual pay The Treasure which his Father David left him was according to Budaeus ten times greater than that of Darius King of Persia Finally he arrived unto that point of happiness and felicity in all kindes that he himself admired it and acknowledged himself for the most fortunate Prince in the world and said Eccl. 2. Who shall feed like me and who shall abound in all delights and pleasures as I doe Yet in all this prosperity than which greater cannot be imagined by man when he seriously cast his eyes upon it he said All was vanity and affliction of spirit and was so discontented with his life that he confessed it was tedious unto him and that he detested the care he had taken about it and envying the poor Laborer judged it was better for one to eat of what he got by the sweat of his brows If then such exccess of fortune felicity wealth honour and pleasure deceived so wise a King as Salomon who will not he deceived what shall we expect from some little part of felicity when this flood of fortune could not bestow a contented and quiet life What greater argument of the scarcity and littleness of temporal goods when all are not sufficient to fill a humane heart But as they are not the things which they seem so they afford not what we expect and therefore no man is content with what he has that still appearing better which is anothers And this proceeds from the deceit of humane things that obtaining what we desire and not finding that satisfaction which we expected we envy the condition of others thinking we should there meet with that content which is not to be had at home which seeking with much trouble we at last come to know our errour and find their condition worse than our own This is well exprest by Antiquity in a fiction it made full of doctrine wherein it feigned that the Cretans presented a Petition to Jupiter that since he was born in their Country he would be pleased to exempt them from the trouble and labours endured by others Jupiter answered that this was a Priviledge of those who were in heaven and could not be granted to them who lived upon earth Whereupon they framed a second Supplication that it might be lawful for them to change and truck their labours and cares one with another This was granted Whereupon the next Fair-day every one trussing up his own troubles in a Fardel and loading himself brought them to the Market-place but began before they bargained to search and look into those of others and finding them more heavy and grievous than their own every one returned to his house as wise as he came The remedy of afflictions is not to flye from them but to turn unto God since they happen unto us for our forsaking of him And it was a most high counsel of the Divine Providence that no man should want afflictions that so he might know his sins and hoping onely for ease and comfort in the next life and in God he might acknowledge and onely serve him Wherefore the Prophet Osee saith that God deals with us Osee 2. as a Husband with a Wife who had forsaken him and sought after strange Lovers who sowed thorns in her paths that being wounded she might say I will return unto my first Spouse so God sows Gall and Wormwood in the goods of this life that the Soul being afflicted may repent and turn unto him Another argument of the great deceit of temporal things is this that the more we possess them the more we covet them and alter the experience of their little substance and power to satisfie our hearts yet still we desire and gape after them It is evident that this is a great cozenage and a certain kind of witchcraft by which they snatch away humane affections at such a time as they should most avoid them Nothing satisfies and yet we desire that which does not satisfie How vain then are they since when we possess them they content us not yet we still desire more All the power and felicity of his Kingdom nor the greatness of his Palaces nor being Lord of so many Cities and Fields could content Achab unless he enjoyed the little Vineyard of his poor neighbour which being denied he fell sick with grief and melancholly flung himself upon his bed and for meer rage and madness forbore to eat O goods of the earth where is your greatness since the wealth of a rich Kingdome could not fill the heart of one man but left it empty to desire more and the want of one onely thing had more power to afflict him than so many goods joyned together to content him All things are as vain as this since they cannot give us that for which we seek them Eccl. 5. and therefore Ecclesiastes said The Covetous man shall not be filled with coin and he who loves riches shall not enjoy the fruit of them And this is vanity Finally from ail which is spoken either in this or the former Books may be drawn that consolation of in the Emperour Marous Aurclius in his Philosophy Lib. 2. in fine p. 185. where he sayes The time of humane life is a moment the nature slippery the senses darkned the temperature of the whole body easily corrupted the Soul wandring the fortune what it shall be hard to conjecture the fame uncertain and to be short those things which belong unto the body have the nature of a river and those which belong unto the mind are as smoke or a dream Life is a warre and a peregrination fame after death is forgotten What is there then that can guide unto security There is nothing but Philosophy which consists in this that thou conserve a mind without wound or stain entire and
such a one would hardly make him conceive the brightness and beauty of the Sun much less can the glory of those things of the other world be made to appear unto us though exemplified by comparisons of the greatest beauty the world affords So ineffable blessings are contemned by a Sinner and all to make himself despicable and accursed .. § 3. After the same manner the evils and pains of this World are nothing comparable unto those which are eternal and therefore as the three hundred years enjoying of one heavenly pleasure seemed unto that Servant of God no longer than three hours so to the contrary three hours of eternal pains will appear unto the damned as three hundred years and much more since even of the temporal pains in Purgatory this notable accident is written by St. Antoninus St. Anto. 4. p. §. 4. A man of an evil life was visited by our Lord with a long infirmity to the end he might repent and reflect upon his sins which took effect But his sickness by continuance grew so grievous and tedious unto him as he often with great earnestness recommended himself unto God and besought him to deliver him from the prison of his body Whereupon an Angel appeared unto him with this choice either to continue two years sick in that manner he was and then to goe straight to Heaven or to die instantly and remain three dayes in Purgatory He was not long in his election but presently chose the latter and immediately died but had not been an hour in those pains when the same Angel appeared unto him again and after some encouragement and consolation demanded if he knew him he answered No. I am said he the Angel who brought thee that choice from Heaven either to come hither or to remain in thy infirmity for two years To whom the afflicted soul replied It is impossible thou shouldest be the Angel of the Lord for good Angels cannot lie and that Angel told me I should remain in this place but three dayes and it is now so many years that I have suffered those most bitter torments and can yet see no end of my misery Know then said the Angel that it is not yet an hour since thou left thy body and the rest of the three dayes yet remain for thee to suffer To whom the Soul replied Pray unto the Lord for me that he look not upon my ignorance in making so foolish a choice but that out of his Divine mercy he will give me leave to return once more unto life and I will not onely patiently suffer those two years but as many as it shall please him to impose upon me His Petition was granted and being restored unto life his experience of Purgatory made all the pains of his infirmity seem light unto him in so much as he endured them not onely with patience but joy Much like unto this as appears in the Chronicles of the Minorits happened unto a religious person of the Order of St. Francis Chron. S. Fran. 2. p. l. 4. c. 8. who demanded the same of God Almighty in regard of the much trouble he put his religious brebren unto as also for what he suffered himself An Angel appeared unto him and gave him his choice either of suffering one day in Purgatory or remaining a whole year longer sick as he was He made choice to die presently and had scarce been one hour in Purgatory when he began to complain of the Angel for having cozened him The Angel appeared unto him again certifying him that his body was not yet buried because there was one onely hour past since his death He gave him his choice the second time His Soul was presently reunited to the body and he rose out of his Bed to the great astonishment of all If this then pass in Purgatory it will not be less in hell and if an hour seem a year which contains above eleven thousand hours an eternity in hell will appear eleven thousand eternities O how dearly bought are the short pleasures of the senses which are paid for with so long and so innumerable torments For if pain should last no longer than the pleasure that deserved it it would seem to those who are to feel it ten thousand times longer What will it do being eternal O pains of this World infirmities griefs and troubles how ridiculous are ye compared with those which are eternal since the time which you endure is but short and it is not much that you can afflict us nay if by temporal punishments we may escape the eternal you are most happy unto us and ought to be received with a thousand welcoms CAP. II. The greatness of the eternal honour of the Just LEt us now in particular consider the greatness of those goods of the other life in which are contained Honours Riches Pleasures and all the blessings both of soul and body of each whereof we shall say something apart and will begin with that of Honour Certainly the reward of honour which shall be conferred upon the Just in the other life is to be wonderful great First in respect that amongst all the appetites of a reasonable creature that of honour is the most potent and prevalent Secondly because our Saviour exhorts us unto humility as the way by which we are to enter into glory and promiseth honours and exaltations unto the humble and there is no question but in that place of satiety remuneration and accomplishment of all that can be desired the honour of the Servants of Christ and followers of his humility shall be inexpressible of which there are many promises in holy Scripture He himself sayes That his Father will honour them in Heaven and David sings Thou hast crowned him with glory and honour and Ecclesiasticus as it is applied by the Church A Crown of Gold upon his head graven with the seal of holiness and the glory of honour Besides all the tribute which those who serve God are able to pay him is onely to laud and honour him His eternal joy happiness and all his intrinsecal perfections are so excellent that they can receive no addition onely this glory and honour as they are an exteriour good are capable of augmentation And this is that which he receives from the Saints who serve him With which God is so pleased that he pays them again in the same money and honours those who honoured him and this honour arrives at that height that Christ himself expresses it in these words Apoc. 3. He who shall overcome I will give him to sit with me in my Throne even at I have overcome and have sitten with the Father in his Throne At the greatness of which promise a Doctor being amazed cries out Bell. l. 1. de aterna felici c. 4. infine How great shall be that glory when a just Soul shall in the presence of an infinite number of Angels sit in the same Throne with Christ and shall by the
his Body cast forth a most fragrant perfume If this be in corruptible flesh what shall be in the immortal Bodies of the Saints The taste also in that blessed Country shall not want the delight of its proper object For although the Saints shall not there feed which were to necessitate that happy state unto something besides it self yet the tongue and pallat shall be satiated with most pleasant and savoury relishes so as with great decency and cleanliness they shall have the delight of meat without the trouble of eating by reason of the great delicacy of this Celestial taste The glory of the Saints is often signified in holy Scripture under the names of a Supper Banquet Manna Aug. lib. de spiritu vita Laur. Justin de Dis Mon. ca. 23. St. Austin sayes it cannot be explicated how great shall be the delight and sweetness of the taste which shall eternally be found in Heaven And St. Laurentius Justinianus affirms that an admirable sweetness of all that can be delightful to the taste shall satisfie the pallat with a most agreeable satiety If Esau sold his Birthright for a dish of Lentil pottage well may we mortifie our taste here upon earth that we may enjoy that perfect and incomparable one in Heaven The touch also shall there receive a most delightful entertainment All they tread upon shall seem unto the Just to be flowers and the whole disposition of their Bodies shall be ordered with a most sweet and exquisite temperature For as the greatest penances of the Saints were exercised in this sense by the afflictions endured in their Bodies so it is reason that this sense should then receive a particular reward And as the torments of the damned in hell are most expressed in that sense so the Bodies of the Blessed in Heaven are in that sense to receive a special joy and refreshment And as the heat of that infernal fire without light is to penetrate even to the entrals of those miserable persons so the candor and brightness of the celestial light is to penetrate the bodies of the Blessed and fill them with an incomparable delight and sweetness All then what we are to do is to live in that true and perfect life all is to be joy in that eternal happiness Therefore as St. Anselme sayes Ansel de Simil. c. 59. the eyes nose mouth hands even to the bowels and marrow of the bones and all and every part of the body in general and particular shall be sensible of a most admirable pleasure and content Joan. de Tamba Trac de Deliciis sensibilibus Paradisi Et Nich. de Nise de quat Noviss 3. Myst 4. Consi The Humanity of Christ our Redeemer is to be the principal and chief joy of all the Senses and therefore John Tambescensis and Nicholas of Nise say that as the intellectual knowledge of the Divinity of Christ is the joy and essential reward of the Soul so the sensitive knowledge of the Humanity of Christ is the chief good and essential joy of the Senses and the utmost end and felicity whereunto they can aspire This it seems was meant by our Saviour in St. John when speaking unto the Father he said This is life eternal that is essential blessedness as Nicholas de Nise interprets it that they know thee the only true God in which is included the essential glory of the Soul and him whom thou hast sent Jesus Christ in which is noted the essential blessedness of the Senses in so much as onely in the Humanity of our Saviour the appetite of the Senses shall be so perfectly satisfied as they shall have no more to desire but in it shall receive all joy pleasure and fulness of delight for the eyes shall be the sight of him who is above all beauty for the ears one onely word of his shall sound more sweetly than all the harmonious musick of the Celestial spirits for the smell the fragrancy that shall issue from his most holy Body shall exceed the perfume of spices for the taste and touch to kiss his feet and sacred wounds shall be beyond all sweetness It is much also to be noted that the blessed Souls shall be crowned with some particular joyes which the very Angels are not capable of For first it is they onely who are to enjoy the Crowns of Doctors Virgins and Martyrs since no Angel can have the glory to have shed his blood and died for Christ neither to have overcome the flesh and by combats and wrastlings subjected it unto reason Wherefore Saint Bernard said The chastity of men was more glorious than that of Angels Secondly men shall have the glory of their bodies and joy of their senses which the Angels cannot For as they want the enemy of the Spirit which is the Flesh so they must want the glory of the victory Neither shall they have this great joy of mankind in being redeemed by Christ from sin and as many damnations into hell as they have committed mortal sins and to see themselves now freed and secure from that horrid evil and so many enemies of the Soul which they never had which must needs produce a most unspeakable joy Cap. VI. The excellency and perfection of the Bodies of the Saints in the life eternal WE will not forbear also to consider what man shall be when he is eternal when being raised again at the great day he shall enter Soul and Body into Heaven Let us run over if you please all those kinds of goods which expect us in that Land of promise When God promised Abraham the Country of Palestine he commanded him to look upon it and travel and compass it from side to side Gen. 13. Lift up thine eyes saith the Lord and from the place where thou standest look towards the North and towards the South and towards the East and towards the West All the land which thou seest I will give unto thee and thy seed for ever And immediately after Arise and walk the land in length and breadth for I will certainly give it thee We may take these words as spoken unto our selves since they seem to promise us the Kingdom of Heaven for no man shall enter into that which he docs not desire and no man can desire that as he ought to do which he has not walked over in his consideration for that which is not known is hardly desired And therefore we ought often to contemplate the greatness of this Land the length of its eternity and the breadth and largeness of its felicity which is so far extended that it fills not onely the Soul but the Body with happiness and glory that glory of the Soul redounding unto the Body and perfecting it with those four most excellent gifts and replenishing it with all felicity which can be imagined or desired If Moses seeing an Angel in a corporal figure onely upon the back part and but in passage received so great a glory from
no wayes hinder them they shall therefore in the same manner walk or stay upon Water Air Heavens as upon Earth It was miraculous in St. Quirinus Martyr St. Maurus and St. Francis of Paula that they walked upon waters passed rapid rivers and seas without Vessels but the glorious bodies shall not onely be able to traverse the seas mount into the air but enter into flames secure and without hurt It is said of S. Francis of Assisium that in the fervour of his prayers and contemplations he was seen lifted up into the air and the great Servant of God Father Diego Martines of the Society of Jesus was lifted up in prayer above the highest trees and Towers and hanging in the air persisted in his devotion If God vouchsafe so great favours to his servants in this valley of tears what priviledges will he deny to the Citizens of Heaven To this so notable gift of Agility shall be annexed that of Penetration by which their glorious bodies shall have their way free and pervious through all places no impediment shall stop their motion and for them shall be no prison or enclosure They shall with greater ease pass through the middle of a rock than an arrow through the air It shall be the same thing for them to mount unto the Moon where they shall meet no solid body to oppose them as to pierce unto the center through rocks mettals and the gross body of the earth We wonder to hear that the Zahories see those things which are hid under the earth Let us admire that which is certain that the Saints cannot onely see but enter into the profundity of the earth and tell what minerals and other secrets are contained in its entrails Metaphrastes writes that a certain Goth a Souldier of the Garrison of Edessa fell passionately in love with a Maid of the same City and sinding no other way to enjoy her demanded her in marriage but the Mother and Kindred gave no ear to the treaty trusting little to a Barbarian and a Stranger who carrying her into a Country far distant as his was might there use her at his pleasure The Souldier notwithstanding persisting still in his suit with many promises of good entertainment gained at last the consent of the Maid and her Friends onely the Mother would not be satisfied before they had entred all together into the Temple of the holy Martyrs St. Samona Curia and Abiba and that there the Souldier had renewed his promises by solemn oath and called the holy Martyrs as witnesses which done the Maid was delivered unto him whom he not much after carried into his own Country where he was formerly married and had his Wife yet living There better to conceal his wickedness he fell into a greater and like a wild beast without pity enclosed the poor woman alive in a Sepulcher and there left her She thus betrayed had recourse unto the Saints whom she with tears invoked as witnesses of the Souldiers treachery and breach of faith At the instant the holy Martyrs appeared in a glorious equipage and casting her into a gentle sleep conveyed her the Sepulcher still remaining lockt without hurt into her own Country where they left her The Barbarian ignorant of what had happened and perswading himself she was long fince dead returned a second time to Edessa where convinced of the crime he satisfied it with his life If the Saints then have power to make the persons of others pass through distinct bodies much more are they able to make their own to penetrate them without impediment Finally the Servants of Christ shall be there so replenished with all goods both of soul and body that there shall be nothing more for them to desire And every one even during this life hoping for those eternal goods may say with St. Austin What wouldest thou my Body what is' t thou defirest my Soul There ye shall find all which you desire If you are pleased with beauty there the Just shine as the Sun and if with any pure delight there not one but a whole sea of pleasure which God keeps in store for the Blessed shall quench your thirst Let men then raise their desires unto that place where only they can be accomplished Let them not gape after things of the earth which cannot satisfie them but let them look after those in Heaven which are onely great onely eternal and can onely fill the capacity of mans heart CAP. VII How we are to seek after Heaven and to preferre it before all the goods of the Earth LEt a Christian compare the miseries of this life with the felicities of the other the weakness of our nature in this mortal estate with the vigour and priviledges of that immortal which expects us and let him excite and stir up himself to gain a glory eternal by troubles short and temporary Justinus lib. 1. Cyrus when he intended to invade the Medes commanded his Persians upon a certain day to meet him with each one a sharp Hatchet They obeying he willed them to cut down a great Wood which performed with much toyl and diligence he invited them for the next day unto a sumptuous Banquet and in the height of their mirth demanded of them whether they liked better the first dayes labour or that dayes feast The answer was ready all cried out That dayes entertainment With this he engaged them to make warr upon the Medes assuring them that after a short trouble in subduing an effeminate Nation they should enjoy incomparable pleasure and be Masters of inestimable riches This served him to make the Persians follow him and conquer the Kingdom of the Medes If this motive were sufficient to make a barbarous people preferre a doubtful reward before a certain and hazardous labour why should not a certain reward and infinitely greater than the labour suffice us Christians Let us compare that Celestial Supper of the other life with the troubles of this The greatness of the Kingdom of Heaven with the littleness of our services The joyes above with the goods below and our labours will seem feasts our services repose and the felicity of earth misery and baseness What is the honour of this life which is in it self false given by lying men short and limited in respect of that honour the Just receive in Heaven which is true given by God eternal extended through the Heavens and manifested to all that are in them Men and Angels What are the riches of the Earth which often fail are ever full of dingers and cares and never free their owners from necessity in comparison of those which have no end and give all security and abundance What are their short pleasures which prejudice the health consume the substance and make infamous those who seek them in respect of those immense joyes of glory which with delight joyn honour and profit What is this life of misery to that full of blessings and happiness and what those evil qualities
tribulation and affliction would be too great to give satisfaction Well may he say I deserved to suffer greater torments and therefore will not complain of this my light suffering Beda de Gest Anglorum l. 5. Venerable Bede doth also write of one to whom the pains and torments as also the joyes and bliss of the other life were shewn and having obtained leave to return to this world again he renounced all he had in this life and betook himself unto a Monastery where he persevered in a most rigid manner of life to his dying day in so much that his manner of living gave perpetual testimony that although he was silent yet he had seen horrible things and that he had hopes to obtain other great ones which did indeed deserve to be thirsted after He entred into a frozen River which was near the Convent without putting off his cloathes having first broke the ice in several places that he might be able to get into the water and afterwards let his cloathes to dry upon his back Some admired that a man's body was able to suffer so great cold in the Winter time And to those who demanded How he could possibly endure it He replyed I have seen colds far greater And when they said unto him How can you so constantly keep such a rigorous and austere manner of life He replied I have seen far greater austerity Neither did he relent in the rigour of his penance even in his decrepit age but was very careful to chastise his flesh with continual fasts and his exemplar conversation and wholsome admonitions were such as he did much good to many and efficaciously stirred them up to the amendment of their lives We must make use of this self-same consideration to encourage our selves to suffer in this life all that can be suffered in regard that in the other we should suffer more than can be suffered Hell certainly is more unsufferable than fasting with bread and water farre more than a rough hair-cloth or a discipline though never so bloody far more than the greatest injuries or disgraces that can be put upon us Let us then suffer that which is lesser to be freed from that which is greater especially being so much greater by how much a living creature exceeds a painted one Let us not complain of any thing that may happen unto us in this life But let us rather be comforted that we who have deserved to be in those eternal flames without profit or hope of reward may by our patient suffering here some temporal afflictions expect an everlasting reward for them in Heaven The Mother of St. Catharine of Siena carried her to certain Baths to divert and recreate her because she was very weak Hist S. Dom. 2. p. lib. 2. and disfigured with leanness But the Saint could find in this entertainment a sharp cross which was that entring into the Bath alone she went to the Bathhead where the water came out in a manner boyling hot and there suffered her self to be scalded to that degree that it seemed impossible for a weak Damsel to have been able to endure it Her Confessarius asked her afterwards How she had so much courage to abide such heat and for so long a space She replyed That when she placed her self there she also placed her consideration in the pains of Purgatory and Hell-fire and withall begged of God Almighty whom she had offended that he would be pleased to change the punishments she had deserved by her sins into temporal pains and sufferings whereby all the pains of this life seemed very easie unto her to suffer and the great heat of the scalding water of the Bath seemed a refreshment to her in respect of the fiery Furnace of Hell in which the damned are for ever and ever to be tormented And in regard holy Scripture calls Hell a Poole or Lake of fire Pet. Damian l. 2. ep 15. ad Desid c. 4. I will here rehearse a story out of St. Petrus Demianus which will give us to understand the terribleness of this torment In Lombardy saith he there was a man cunning and crafty of a notable talking tongue and a friend of breaking jests on all occasions and commonly by reason of his quick wit he came off with credit And if at any time it happened to him otherwayes he knew how to put it off very handsomely In fine he was one of those that knew very well how to live in the world But what end had all his tricks and slights he died for against this stroak he had no defence His body was buried in the Church and his soul in the place which God grant no body may ever come in An holy Religious man being in prayer he saw in spirit a great Lake not of water but of fire which boiled like a Pot and cast flames now and then up into the heavens which sent forth sparks in so great quantity and with such fearful noise that it caused great horrour to hear and see it What would it be to suffer it The miserable foul of this man we speak of did suffer it in all extremity Moreover he saw that the Lake was encompassed round about with fearful Serpents and terrible Dragons which had their mouths open towards the Lake with many rows of sharp teeth to guard the Lake In this confusion of fire and cruel beasts the Soul of the miserable Babler was howling and crying and swimming upon the flames endeavoured to get to the banck and drawing nigh the comfort he found was that a Serpent stretching out a long neck and a wide mouth was ready to tear him in pieces and swallow him He endeavoured to turn another way in the Lake and drawing near the side he lighted upon a Dragon the onely sight whereof made him make more haste back again than he had done to come thither He swam in the Lake burning alive and where-ever he came he found the like encounter but which is worse he shall remain there whilest God is God without any remedy at all And with much reason saith St. Peter Damianus he suffered this punishment of not being able to get out of that Lake of fire in regard he in this life got so cunningly out of any adversity by his many shifts In this manner God Almighty gave to understand by this revelation the extremity of this torment But it is to be noted that it is farre greater than is here expressed because this was not so much to tell us what hell is as to declare by some similitude or representation which may remain fixt in our senses that which indeed exceeds all similitude or resemblance § 3. The pains of the Powers of a damned Soul THe Imagination shall no less afflict those miserable offenders encreasing the pains of the Senses by the liveliness of its apprehension For if in this life the imagination is sometimes so vehement that it hurts more than real evils in the other the torment
A TREATISE OF THE DIFFERENCE BBTWIXT THE TEMPORAL AND ETERNAL Composed in Spanish BY Eusebius Nieremberg S. J. Translated into English By Sir VIVIAN MULLINEAUX Knight And since Reviewed according to the tenth and last Spanish Edition Printed in the Year 1672. TO The Most Excellent Majesty OF CATHARINE QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN MADAM THe design of this Treatise is no other then what all must own to be the great business and general concern of mankind which is to be well read in the difference between things temporal and eternal This is the Subject this the Title of the Book The original which hath already passed there the test of ten Editions we owe to Spain and to the pious and learned labours of the late Eusebius Nieremberg who hath often obliged the world by the like fruits of his zealous Pen. After having been read and approved in divers other languages it hath now learned to speak English having been lately translated by a noble and worthy person Sir Vivian Mullineaux for the service of the publick and accordingly resolves if it may be but so happy as to deserve the gracious favour of your Majesties royal Patronage to adventure abroad for the benefit of all pious and well-disposed whether Catholique or Protestant Readers All which may be here duly informed as of the difference between things temporal and eternal so of the different and cautionary wayes they ought to pursue in dividing themselves and their hearts between both Time and Eternity are points of good and wholesome use to all wise and intelligent contemplations Time indeed got the start of Man at the Creation and is five dayes elder then he Nevertheless Man still lives in hopes he shall at long-run overtake and even out-live Time And this shall be when the general Resurrection shall have restored him to his better and glorified self and all that is mortal in him shall have put on immortality 1 Cor. 15.53 Man then being like to prove the longer liver of the two Time cannot nor indeed any thing that shall perish with Time be that great end for which Man was finally ordained That onely can be Man's end which hath none it self and that is Eternity a happy Eternity the last article of our Creed and the last end of our Creation Sure then it behooves us to be wary Gamesters when Eternity is at stake and not carelesly to throw away our affections at a venture or heedlesly to engage our hearts here and there upon every slight invitation from sense and fancy but to proceed advisedly in the choice of our object and in the difference we make between things Temporal and Eternal This very difference being the nice pin and ticklish point which shall unappealably decide the case of all we have to hope or fear in the world to come by giving sentence at the last day of our final weal or woe For we are to be judged by our affections and every man shall stand or fall by the verdict of his own heart So that the main point which shall difference our dooms is the different applications we make to things temporal or eternal causing this man's lot to fall to the right hand the others to the left MADAM this address is farr from pretending to the usuall Panegyrick strain in complementing the great name whose Patronage it implores or enlarging upon those truly-Christian and Princely accomplishments your great and eminent vertues which more adorn your Majesty then Majesty can your Person These are a subject for a higher undertaking then this small Dedicatory dares pretend to Onely with your Majesties permission thus much I shall make bold to say that your heroick and exemplar piety attended with so many other rich endowments of grace clearly speaks you Mistress of a Soul throughly acquainted with the Difference between things temporal and eternal Hence it is that none of the most courting allurements of this life however great in themselves can seem truly such to your greater heart Your Christian ends and designs take a nobler flight they are not limited to the narrow bounds of a visible Sphere they act upon motives fetched from another world and harbour not a thought which can sit down and fix on this side Eternity Though I love not to be paradoxical yet methinks the Prophet Daniel hath a word of comfort and encouragement for your Majesty even where it might be least expected from the outward letter to countenance the application Dan 12.3 They that instruct many to righteousness shall shine as the starrs for ever and ever So speaks this great person and Oracle of Judah Here is a boundless promise and Heaven stands engaged for the performance not onely the single happiness of shining like the starrs for ever but the double blessing of for ever and ever I humbly conceive this so highly-rewardable teaching and instructing others to righteousness may without violence to the Text be taken in a twofold sense For not onely the useful and practical Doctrines of the Divinity-chair the Preacher and the Man of elocution but also the pious though silent deeds of the good Liver are our Teachers and Instructors For that person especially if a publick person instructs well who lives well and the good dumb work hath oftentimes more of the perswasive faculty in it than either pen or tongue can match This Madam is your Majesties case this your nay our happiness if we understand it aright Your life is a noble School of Vertue and reads us a fair Lecture of a more then ordinary Christianity far beyond the cold instructions of Book or Pulpit They onely utter words you speak examples England hath heard and the holy Altars have often witnessed the fervour of your Majesties devotions whilest you spend whole nights in paying the faithful homage of heart and knee to the greatest of all Majesties Almighty God So that the severe duties of Prayer Watching Penance Mortification frequent Retreats to a more free and undisturbed converse with Heaven are now adopted Court-Vertues in the sanctity of your Majesties Royal Person All which makes me say that such and so eminently-instructive a life will if the Prophet please to lend me his expression entitle your Majesty not onely to one but were it possible to a plurality of Eternities Live then So the vulgar Edition renders it in perputuas aeternitates most pious Princess live and be still your great Self great in Majesty greater for for piety and greatest in the contempt of all temporal greatness compared with eternal May the same sweet Providence which hath led up so noble a Merit to a Throne for a Royal Consort to Soveraignty long preserve you in your high Orb there to shine as a leading Pattern of true Vertue and Piety to our Nation And when our sins shall envy us the happiness of your Majesties longer residence upon earth and the inexorable Decree shall summon you to pay the common debt which all of us Prince
brought a quintal Vi. Bonfrerium in Exod. 16. it shrunk and contracted it self into the small measure of a gomer with some it diminished and with others swelled and dilated it self into a greater proportion The corruption of it was so sodain that it lasted not one day without being wholly putrified and fill'd with worms and yet notwithstanding all these qualities the enjoying and eating of it cost much toyl and labour first in gathering then grinding then in cooking and performing many other duties requisite for the use of it After the same manner the goods of this life notwithstanding all their faults and evil conditions are not obtained nor enjoyed without much travel and vexation After this all did not enjoy that quality proper to Manna which was to taste like unto that which he that eat it most desired for sinners found this taste limited and not so full and savory as others Even so we with our vices alter and diminish the natural sweetness of the things of this life as we shall see hereafter in it's due place It is true that the appearance of it was good Sept. Interp in cap. 11. Nume species illius species chrystalli for as the 70 Interpreters say it was like Christal clear and transparent The same is the condition of the goods of this life they have the splendor and an appearance but are really more brittle then glass they are variable fading and inconstant and subject to a thousand alterations they are corruptible transitory and mortal and onely by reason of their glittering we seek after them as after things great and eternal Let us then leave the appearance and painted superficies of things and look upon the substance and truth and we shall finde that what is temporal is small and what eternal is great the temporal inconstant the eternal firm the temporal short and temporal the eternal durable and in fine eternal and this onely were enough to make it more esteemed then the temporal although the temporal in all other respects did exceed it but the one being so short and mutable and the other great firm and constant the difference betwixt them can be no less Lib. 7. moral c. 12. then as St. Gregory esteemed it who sayes Immense is that which shall follow and without limit and little is all that which ends And the same Saint notes that the small knowledge and memory of eternity is the main cause of the deceiving of Mankind who have in esteem the false goods of this life and undervalue those spiritual and eternal of the other and therefore speaks in this manner Lib. 8. moral ca. 12. The thoughts of the predestinated alwayes have their intentions placed upon eternity although they possess great felicity in this life and although they be not in danger of death yet ever look upon it as present to the contrary do obstinate souls who love this temporal life as a thing permanent because they consider not how great is the eternity of that which is to come and not considering the solidity of the eternal they judge this Banishment for their Countrey this Darkness for Light and this Race for their Station for those who know not greater matters are not able to judge of the smallest We therefore will begin to draw the Curtain and from the consideration of Eternity and the loose condition of time discover the distance betwixt the goods of heaven and those of earth from whence we shall come to handle the baseness of the temporal and greatness of the eternal Wherefore as a Philosopher said of light that there was nothing more clear nor nothing more obscure the same may be said of time and eternity which being held no less perspicuous are ill understood and are no less obscure and dark then the other But we shall endeavour to make them more intelligible being assisted by the light of Faith the doctrine of Saints and wisdom of the Philosophers CAP. II. How efficacious is the consideration of Eternity for the change of our Lives THe thought of Eternity St. Augustine calls a Great thought Augus in Psal 76. Magna cogit because the memory of it is of great joy unto the Saints and no less horror unto Sinners and unto both of much profit and concernment it causes us to do great matters and shews the smalness of the fading and transitory things of this earth I will therefore from this light begin to discover the large field of the poverty trumpery and baseness of the temporal and recommend the consideration of the eternal the which we ought still to have in our thoughts as David had perpetually in his in whom whilst he was a Sinner it caused horror and confusion and being a Saint it comforted and encouraged him to be yet more holy drawing from this meditation most spiritual and incomparable profit unto his soul and therefore in his Psalms he so often repeats the memory of it not only in the body of them but almost in every passage saying for ever or eternally or world without end there being no inscription or title which he uses more frequently then this against the end or in the end because he composed them with the consideration of eternity which follows the end of this life and for more clearness adds in some of them against the end for the Octave which according to St. Augustine signifies Eternity that being the octave after the 7 dayes of the week into which all time is to resolve which 7 dayes being past there are to be no more weeks but as St. Peter sayes one onely day of perpetual Eternity In this Eternity therefore did the Prophet employ his thoughts by day and his meditations by night this forced him to send up his voice unto Heaven and to cry out unto God this made him mute and took away his speech with men this astonished him and made his pulses fail with the consideration of it this affrighted him and mingled wormwood with the pleasures of this life this made him know the littleness of all that is temporal and made him enter within himself and examine his conscience Finally this brought him to a most miraculous change of life beginning to serve the Lord with more fervor all which effects proceeding from the thoughts of Eternity are apparent in the 76 Psalm therefore sayes he amongst other things Mine eyes prevented the watches I troubled myself and spake not immediately after he gives the reason saying I thought upon the dayes of old and had in my thoughts the years of eternity and meditated on them by night with my heart This thought was the occasion of his long watches on this he meditated before the Sun was risen and on this many hours after it was set and that with so great astonishment of what Eternity was that his spirit â—â—iled him and he trembled with the lively apprehension of what it was either to perish eternally in Hell or to enjoy a blessedness for
contempt of what is temporal since the first step unto Christian perfection according to the Counsel of Christ is to renounce all that we possess of earth that being so freed from those impediments of Christian perfection we may employ our selves in the consideration and memory of that Eternity which expects us hereafter as a reward of our holy works and exercises of vertue This horrid voice Eternity Eternity is to sound often in our hearts Thou not onely art to die but being dead eternity attends thee Remember there is a Hell without end and fix it in thy memory that there is a Glory for ever This consideration That if thou shalt observe the Law of God thou shalt be eternally rewarded and if thou break it thou shalt suffer pains without end will be far more powerful with thee then to know that the goods and evils of this life are to end in death Be mindful therefore of Eternity and resound in the inmost part of thy soul Eternity Eternity For this the Church when it consecrates the Fathers of it which are Bishops puts them in minde of this most powerful and efficacious memory of Eternity bidding them think of eternal years as David did And in the assumption and consecration of Popes they burn before their eyes a small quantity of flax with these words Holy Father so passes away the glory of the world that by the sight of that short and transitory blaze he may call to minde the flames eternal And Martin the fifth for his imprese and devise took a flaming fire which in short time burnt and consumed a Popes Tiara an Imperial Diadem a Regal Crown and a Cardinals Hat to give them to understand that if they complyed not with the duties of their places they were in a short time to burn in the eternal flames of hell the memory whereof he would preserve ever present by this most profitable Symbol §. 2. The name of Isachar whose Blessing from his Father was as we have formerly said to lye down and rest betwixt the two limits of Eternity signifies him That hath a memory or The man of reward or pay The Holy Ghost by this mystery charging us with the memory of eternal rewards And the Lord to shew how precious it was in his divine esteem and how profitable for us caused this name of Isachar to be engraven in a precious Amethyst which was one of those stones worn by the High-Priest in the Rational and one of those also rcveal'd unto St. John to be of the foundation of the City of God By it saith St. Anselme is signified the memory of Eternity which is the most principal foundation in the building of all perfection Truely if we consider the properties of this stone they are so many marks and properties of the memory of Eternity and of the benefits which that soul reaps Albert. Mag. Milius Ruiz v. Cesium de Min. lib. 4. p. 2. cap. 14. sect 14. which seriously considers it The Amethyst cause Vigilancy And what requires it more then the passage betwixt the two extreams of eternal glory and eternal pains What thing in the world ought to awake us more then the danger of falling into hell fire How could that man sleep which were to pass over a narrow plank of half a foot broad which served as a bridge betwixt two most high rocks the windes impetuously blowing and he if his foot slipt certain to fall into a most vast abyss No less is the danger of this life The way by which we are to pass unto Heaven is most streight the windes of temptations violent the dangers of occasions frequent the harms by ill examples infectious and the deceits of wicked Counsellors very many How then can a Christian sleep and be careless in so evident a peril Without all doubt it is more difficult to be saved considering the depravedness of our nature and the deceitful ambushes of the Devil then for a heavy man to pass over a heady and rapid river upon a small and bruised reed They say also of the Amethyst that besides the making him watchful who carries it it frees him from evil thoughts which how can that man have who bears Eternity in his mind how can he think upon the short pleasures of his senses who considers the eternal torments due unto his soul if he shall but consent to the least mortal sin The Amethyst also resists drunkenness preserving him that wears it in his senses and judgment and there is nothing that more preserves a mans judgment in the middest of the wine of delights in this life then the memory of the other and that for the pleasure of one moment here he is not only to suffer for hours for dayes for moneths for years but for worlds and a world of worlds hereafter The Amethyst besides this preserves the wearer from the force of poison And what greater Antidote against the poison of sin then to remember Hell which he deservs and Heaven which he loses by committing it The Amethyst also quiets a man and settles his thoughts And what can be more efficacious to free us from the disturbance of this life to bridle the insolence of covetousness to repress the aspiring of ambition then to consider the blessings of Eternity which attend the humble and poor in spirit Finally the Amethyst conferrs fruitfulness and this great thought of Eternity is fruitful of holy works For who is he that considers with a lively faith that for a thing so sleight and momentary he may enjoy the reward of eternal glory and will not be animated to work all he is able and to endure and suffer what shall happen for God Almighty and his Cause O how fruitful of Heroical works is this holy thought Eternal glory expects me the Triumphs of Martyrs the Victories of Virgins the Mortifications of Confessors are the effects of this consideration O holy thought O precious Amethyst that makes vigilant and attentive the negligent and careless that gives wisdom and judgment to the most deceived that heals those who are most ulcerated and corrupted with the poison of sin that quiets and pacifies the motions and troubles of our concupiscences that makes the most tepid and barren of vertues fruitful of holy works who will not endeavour to obtain and fix thee in his Soul O that Christians would so grave thee in their heart that thou mightest never be blotted out nor removed from thence How differently would they then live to what they now do how would they shine in their works for although the memory of Hell Heaven Death and Judgment be very efficacious for the reformation of our lives yet this of Eternity is like the quintescence of them all and virtually contains the rest CAP. IV. The Estate of Men in this life and the miserable forgetfulness which they have of Eternity BEfore we come to declare the conditions of Eternity whose consideration is so necessary for the leading of a holy
Truly the folly and vanity of Man admits no other cure than to set before his eyes that for the small and momentary pleasure of a sin committed against the Law of God he loses and unthriftily casts away that which is to last for ever For this cause we ought to consider what it is to have no end what it is to last for ever what it is to be Eternal But who is able to declare this since Eternity is an immense Ocean whose bottom cannot be found a most obscure abyss wherein are sunk all the faculties of humane understanding an intricate Labyrinth out of which there is no issue a perpetual Present without what was or what shall be a continued Circle whose Centre is in every part and Circumference no where a great Year which ever begins and is never ended finally that which never can be comprehended yet ever ought to be pondered and thought upon But that we may say something and frame some conception of it let us see in what manner the Saints have defined it St. Gregory Nazianzen knows not what it is but only what it is not and therefore says Eternity is not time nor part of time because time and each part of time pass away but in Eternity nothing does nor ever shall pass All the torments with which a Soul enters into hell shall after millions of years past torment him as lively and entirely as at the first beginning neither shall the joyes with which the just enter into Heaven ever in the least sort diminish Time hath this property to draw along with it custome which at length lessens the sense of what at first was grievous but Eternity is ever the same ever entire in it nothing passes the pains with which the damned begin shall after a thousand ages be the same they were at first and the glory which he who is saved receives in the first instant shall ever appear fresh and new unto him Eternity hath no parts all is of a piece in it there is no diminution nor lessening And although the pleasures of this life which go along with time are of this condition that in time they lessen and that there is no delight in this world which by long enjoying becomes not troublesome and tedious and that to the contrary even griefs and and pains with continuance either grow less or are absolutely cured yet far otherwise is the web which Eternity weaves it is all uniform in it there is no joy which wearies us nor any pain which by continuance abates or becomes less sensible in so much as Eternity according to St. Dionysius Areopagita Cap. 10. de divin nomin is the immutability immortality and incorruptibility of a thing wholly and altogether existent a space which perishes not but is always subsistent after the same manner and therefore as the Wise man saith Wheresoever the tree falls there it shall for ever remain if thou shalt fall as an infernal fire-brand into the bottom of Hell there shalt thou be for ever burning whilest God is God it not being in the power of any to redeem thee thence nor in thy own so much as to turn from one side to the other Eternity is immutable because incompatible with change it is immortal because not capable of end and incorruptible because it cannot suffer diminution The evils of this life how desperate of remedy soever yet want not this comfort that they are either eased with change or ended by death or lessened by corruption But all this is wanting in eternal evils The change of pains serves for a refreshment and the infirm man how afflicted soever by turning from side to side receives some ease but eternal pains shall whilst God is God remain in the same posture force and vigour without change at all If the most pleasant and wholesome food of Manna only because continual caused vomiting and became loathsome What shall those pains which shall last for ever What torments shall they cause since they are to remain still after the same manner The Sea hath his ebbs and flows the Rivers their encreases the Planets their various Aspects the Year his four Seasons the greatest Feavers have their relaxations and the sharpest pain arriving at the height uses to decrease only eternal torments shall never suffer declination nor shall the eyes of the damned ever see a change The plain and even way which seems most easie wearies the Traveller because it wants variety What weariness shall then the ways of Eternity cause and those perpetual pains which can neither change end nor diminish The torments whereunto Cain entred now five thousand years ago are after so many ages past still the same they were at first and what they now are shall be so many ages more to come they are measured by the Eternity of God and the duration of his unhappiness by the duration of the Divine Glory whilst God lives he shall wrastle with death and shall immortally continue dying that eternal death still living and that miserable life still dying containing the worst of life and the worst of death those wretched Souls living only that they may suffer torments and dying that they may not enjoy comfort having neither the content of life nor the end of death but contrariwise for their greater torment have the pain of death and duration of life On the other part behold the happy lot of them that die in Grace their glory shall be immortal without fear of ending their happiness immutable without capacity of growing old their Crown incorruptible without danger of withering where no day shall pass without joy whose content shall be ever new and whose Glory flourish for perpetual Eternities and whose happiness shall ever be the same And that very Glory which St. Michael was six thousand years ago possest of the same he enjoys this very instant as fresh and new as the first day and shall six millions of years to come as new as now CAP. VI. What Eternity is according unto Boëtius and Plotinus LEt us now hear the Opinions of Severinus Boëtius and Plotinus two great Philosophers and the one of them no less a Divine what they conceive concerning this great Mystery and secret of Eternity Boëtius defines Eternity to be Lib. 5. de cons Philosopho A total and perfect possession of an indeterminable life which Definition although it principally belongs unto the Eternity of God yet it may-be also applied unto the Eternity of reasonable Creatures since they also enjoy a total and perfect possession of happiness in an eternal life never to end With reason he calls it a possession for the fulness it hath of joy possession being the best way of enjoying the which implies a ful Dominion of what it possesses for he who hath a thing in loan or trust may be said to enjoy it but not with that liberty as he who possesses it He says moreover that this possession is total because it is of
comes it then that a Dwarf or Pigmey in time affrights us and an armed Giant in eternity makes us not tremble how is it that eternal hell moves us not and yet we fear a temporal pain how is it we do not penance for our sins why have we not patience in our afflictions why suffer we not all that which can be suffered in this life rather than to suffer one onely torment in eternity The pains of this valley of tears being they are to have an end are not to be feared in comparison of those which shall never have it how contentedly then ought we to suffer here a little and for a short time that we may be freed from suffering much hereafter and for ever What we have considered in evils and afflictions the same is to be considered in goods and blessings If one were to enjoy all the pleasures of the senses for a thousand miriads of years but were to pass no further we ought to change them all for one onely pleasure that would last for ever Why then exchange we not one perishing pleasure of the earth which is to last but for a moment for all those immense joyes which we are to possess in Heaven for a world without end All the temporal goods of the world might well be quitted for the securing of only one that were eternal how is it then that we secure not all the eternal by forbearing now and then one which is temporal It would infinitely exceed the Dominion of the whole world so long as the world shall last to be Lord but of one little Cottage for eternity time holds no comparison with it all that is temporal how great soever being to be esteemed vile and base and all that is eternal how small soever high and precious And that we may exaggerate this consideration as much as possible the very being of God himself if it were but for a time might be quitted for some other infinitely less excellent which were eternal And shall then the covetous man satisfie himself with those poor treasures which death may quit him of to morrow and perhaps the Theef to day despising for them the eternal treasure of Heaven For certain if God should promise as to enjoy the pleasure of one onely sense for ever in the next life we ought for it to part with all the pleasures we have in this how huge a folly is it then that promising all those immense joyes of Heaven we will not for all them together part with some of those poor ones on earth The second way by which Eternity unto whatsoever it is joyned makes the good infinitely better and the bad infinitely worse is because it collects it self wholly into every instant so that in every instant it makes us sensible of all that which it is to contain in its whole duration and being to endure for an infinity it amasses as it were into every instant a whole infinity of pleasure or pain every instant being sensible both of what it contains at present what is past and what it shall contain in future So as a Doctor sayes Les de perfec divi lib. 4. c. 3. In Eternity all the good a thing can contain successively in an infinite time is recollected into one instant and made perceptible and enjoyable all at once As if all the pleasures a most delicious Banquet could afford successively by parts and that in an infinite time should be resumed all at once and all that delight should be conferred joyntly and together for eternity certainly this would make it infinitely better and of more esteem The same thing Eternity causes in evils and pains recollecting them in a certain manner into one and making them sensible all at once and although they be not all really and actually together yet it causes them to be apprehended altogether and so produces in the Soul a grief infinite and without limit Those then are truly evils which are totally and every way evils both in extension their duration having no end and in intension their being and essence having no limit or measure What afflicted person who considers this can be impatient since all the griefs of this life have both an end and limit The greatest temporal evils are but as biting of gnats in respect of the least of those which are eternal and therefore that we may escape all the eternal it is not much to suffer one temporal Let us tremble at the consideration of those two lances of Eternity those two infinities whose wounds are mortal and pierce the damned from side to side those two unsupportable rocks which overwhelm and crush whom they fall upon into pieces All that we suffer here is to be laughed at a fillip with a finger a trifle in respect of the eternal which embraces all times and with the evils of them all falls every instant upon the head of the damned §. 2. Besides what hath been already said Goods and Evils eternal have this condition that they are not onely qualified and augmented by the future but also by what is past although temporal so as the blessed Souls in Heaven not only enjoy the glory which they have in present and that which is to come but also what is past even unto those real and true goods of this life to wit their vertues and good works with the memory of which they recreate and congratulate themselves for all eternity in so much as all goods past present and to come concur in one to fill up the measure of their joy and the goods of all times even of those of this life are amassed and heaped up in their felicity How different from this are temporal goods since even those which we possess in present suffer not themselves to be entirely enjoyed here is no good which is not alloyed by some want danger or imperfection And if for the present they afford so little content much less do they for the future since the security of what we possess is so uncertain that the fear of losing it often disseasons the present gust The same fear also robbs our remembrance of the comfort of what is past since we fear to lose that most which we have formerly taken most pleasure in enjoying On all sides then the eternal goods are much more excellent unto which we ought to aspire and strive to purchase them even at the cost of all which is temporal and in this life as much as may be to imitate the same eternity the which is to be done by the practice of those three Vertues which St. Bernard recommends unto us in these words Serm. 1. in Festo Om. Sact. With Poverty of spirit with Meekness and Contrition of heart is renewed in the Soul a similitude and image of that Eternity which embraces all times For with poverty of spirit we merit the future with meekness we possess the present and with the tears of repentance recover what is past And truely he
who esteems Eternity hath no more than to exercise himself in the practise of those three Vertues The first by quitting with spiritual poverty all that is temporal and changing it for the eternal not setting his heart upon any thing in this life that he may find it bettered in the other For as Eternity does infinitely augment that good or evil unto which it is annexed so time diminishes and draws violently after it all that is in it Things therefore which are to finish require not much to leave them and those that are to end in nothing are to be reputed for nothing For the second Vertue a Christian ought with patience and meekness to persist in doing well and in overcoming the difficulties of vertue since the slight troubles of this life are to be rewarded with eternal happiness in the other And who seeing hell open and the abyss of its evils without bottom would not bear with patience the rigour of penance and with meekness suffer the impertinency of an injury not troubling at all the interior peace of his Soul but attending wholly even through fire and water to live vertuously and please his Redeemer who looking upon Heaven which awaits him will not be animated to do what is good chearfully and to suffer all crosses for God Almighty's sake with fervour and courage Ruffi nu 107. Pelag. libel 7. n. 28. Ruffinus relates that a certain Monk coming unto the Abbot Aquilius complained unto him that he found much trouble and tediousness in keeping of his Cell To whom the discreet Abbot answered My son this proceeds from not meditating on the perpetual torments we are to suffer nor upon the eternal joy and repose which we hope for If thou shouldest seriously but think on that though thy Cell were filled and swarmed with worms and vermin and thou stoodst up to the throat in the middle of them yet wouldest thou persevere in thy recollection without weariness or trouble The third Vertue is with tears and grief of Soul to endeavour a recommpence for our sins past and to satisfie for them with a dolorous contrition and bitterness of heart that so the eternity of happiness which by them was lost may with repentance be regained contrition being a vertue so potent that it repairs what is ruin'd and although it is said that what is done hath no remedy and that there is no power over what is past yet this most powerful Vertue is able to undoe what is done and to prevail upon what is past since it takes away our sins and makes them as if they had never been committed CAP. VIII What it is in Eternity to have no end But all these definitions and declarations of Eternity are not yet sufficient to express and truly set forth the greatness of it neither is it well understood as Plotinus notes what the Authors who define it thought of it That may be rather said which was said by Simonides the Philosopher Cic. l. 2. de naturae deorum who when Hieron King of Sicily intreated him to declare what thing God was demanded a dayes space to think before he gave his answer the which past he said he had need of more time to consider it and required other two dayes at the end of those he asked four which also ended his answer was that the more he thought upon it the more he found he had to think and knew less how to express it and that the further he entred into the consideration of it the more it hid and obscured it self from him The same may be said of Eternity the which is an Abyss so profound that humane understanding finds no footing but hath still more to consider the more it ponders De Myst Theo. St. Dionysius Areapagita speakiug of God confesses that it cannot be said what he is but onely what he is not and beside what he is In like manner Eternity cannot better be declared then by what it is not and beside what it is Eternity is not time it is not space it is not an age it is not a million of ages but it is more then time space or millions of ages The life wherein thou now art and which must shortly have an end is not Eternity the health which thou at present enjoyest is not Eternal thy pleasures and entertainments are not Eternal thy possessions treasures revenues are not Eternal that wherein thou trustest is not Eternal the goods of this world in which thou so much delightest are not Eternal Thou must leave them all A far greater thing is Eternity above Kingdoms above Empires and above all felicities Whereupon Lactantius and other Authors Lact. de falsa rel lib. 1. c. 2. not being able to declare it by what it is declare it by what it is not some saying it is that which hath no end others that which endures no change others that which holds no comparison which is as much to say it is that which is unlimited immutable and not proportionable with any thing besides it self It shall suffice therefore to declare and as it were Anatomize these three conditions of Eternity if not to give a perfect knowledge of what it is yet at least to beget a fear and reverence of that which most concerns us and withal to create in us a contempt and scorn of all which is Temporal as being little limited and mutable § 2. For the first Condition Ces dialog 3. which is to have no end Cesarius says that Eternity is a Day which wants an evening because it shall never see the Sun of its brightness set which is to be understood of the Eternity of Saints that of sinners being a Night which wants a morning upon whom the Sun of Glory never shall arise wherein the damned shall remain in perpetual sadness and obscurity eternally tormented both in Soul and Body If he who is sick of a Calenture though laid upon a soft and downy Bed thinks each hour of night an Age and every minute expects and with impatience wishes for the day how shall it fare with those who because in this life they slept when they were to watch shall in the next lie awake for an eternal night in a Bed of burning fire without ever hoping for a morning And certainly if there were in Hell no other pain than to live in that eternal night and sadness it were enough to astonish and confound all humane understanding This very condition of wanting end the Ancients deciphered by the figure of a Ring which because a Circle is endless But with greater Mystery David calls it a Crown whose roundness also admits no end thereby signifying according to Dionysius Carthusianus that an Eternity without end is either to be the reward of our good works or the punishment of our bad We ought to tremble at the sound of this voice without end for them who do ill and to rejoyce at this without end for them who do well It
we gain those joyes which shall endure without end Yet ought we to make use of this consideration of Euripides and Zeuxis and not only to do good works but to do them seriously and perfectly well since we work not for this life but for Eternity which ought ever to be in our memory The benefit which David reaped by this consideraration was a firm resolution to mend his life and change into a new man animating himself to a greater observance and a more high perfection And so in that Psalm wherein he says That he thought upon the days of old and the years of Eternity he adds immediately the effect of his Meditation saying That he was to begin a new because the change which he found in his heart he perceived was from the most powerful hand of God Wherefore considering that Eternity never ends but still begins and that it is wholly a beginning he determined with such new fervour to give a beginning to a more perfect life that he would never flagg or be dismayed in the prosecution of it willing in this to imitate Eternity the which as it is ever beginning so he would ever begin to deserve it And what great matter is it if that which we are to enjoy or suffer be ever in beginning that we should likewise be ever beginning either to deserve the one or flie the other Our reward is not to fail us and therefore there is no reason why we should fail and grow weary in our service and endeavours Our joy is ever to begin Why should not then our endeavours be ever in beginning The repose we hope for shall never have an end Why should then our deservings ever cease With this considederation St. Arsenius much profited himself making account that although he had served God many years in a most holy life yet that he did but then begin repeating often that Speech of David Now I begin Now I begin We ought never to look back upon our labours past but still to animate our selves to labour anew for God and his Service as did the Apostle St. Paul who says of himself Philip. 3. Vide Masuet in vita St. Pauli That he did forget what was past that he did inlarge his heart and mind extending it for that which was to come the which the Apostle spake in a time when he had suffered much and done such services unto God in the good of Souls as he had already laboured more than all the Apostles After he had entred into the Synagogues of Damasous and publikely preached Jesus Christ with so evident danger of his life that if he had not escaped over the walls of the City he had been cut in a thousand pieces After that in Arabia he had converted many people many in Tarsua and in Antioch After he had been rapt up into the third Heaven After that he had been elected by the Holy Ghost to be an Apostle and wrought great and prodigious Miracles After that he had past over Asia Minor all Greece and the better part of Europe converting innumerable Soules After he had distributed great Alms gathering them with much labour made long journeys and brought them unto the poor in Jerusalem After the suffering of innumerable persecutions After having been thrice stoned and once left for dead After having been often whipt and often apprehended After infinite services performed for the Church Alter all these it seemed unto him that he had suffered nothing done nothing for Christ and he forgot it all as if it had been the first day of his conversion determining still to doe more to suffer more to labour more to begin anew esteeming himself after so many labours and services to be an useless and an unprofitable servant following the counsel of our Saviour when he sayes Luk. 17. After ye have done all what I have commanded you to doe say ye are unprofitable servants and that ye have done what ye ought have done Let a man compare his labours his zeal his preaching his charity with that of the Apostle and he will find that he hath not yet begun If then the Apostle who at that time exceeded the merits of divers Saints who have dyed in great holiness and yet forgot all judging he had done nothing but turned to begin afresh we who have not yet begun wherefore shall we be weary before we begin let us ever begin anew since Eternity which we hope for is ever to be new and ever to begin Let us not glory saith Dionysius Carthusianus in the merits of our life past neither let us esteem our selves for any thing we have already done but let us bestir our selves as freshly and with as much fervour as if we did but that day begin and were that day also to dye CAP. IX How Eternity is without change THe second condition of Eternity is to be immutable and to persevere without change which the Ancients gave us to understand by many most mysterious Symbols Some figured it by painting of a Chair Isaiah 6. conformable unto which the Prophet Isaiah saith That he saw the Lord sitting on high upon a Throne setting forth in this settled posture the immutability and greatness of his Eternity And St. John in his Apocalyps often celebrates the Seat of God as representing his eternal duration More clearly the Prophet Daniel Dan. 7. unto whom God vouchsafed to appear as he was eternal whereupon he calls him the Ancient of dayes and sayes he beheld him with his hair all white and seated upon a Throne From the same consideration the Nasamâ—nes a certain People of Affrick when any amongst them was about to die caused him to sit and in that posture to expire signifying thereby the estate wherein his Soul was prefently to enter And for the same cause they interred their dead sitting giving us thereby to understand that rest and repose were not to be sought for until death when we were to enter the gates of Eternity This life is no place to sit in we are not here to stay the misery which we find in it sufficiently declares that God made it not for that purpose This life is but lent us we are not to abide in it but to walk apace unto the Mountain of Eternity It is so miserable that even it self informs us of another life wherein we shall finde rest since here we cannot meet it In Heaven all our unhappiness all our miseries are to cease there the tears of this valley are to be wiped from our eyes there our troubles are to find ease there the unquietness of our hearts is to have repose In this world no manner of life no sort of estate no condition of man no greatness of dignity no abundance of riches no felicity of fortune can ever give rest unto the possessor For this reason the Romans in the Statues which they erected to their deceased Emperors made them still sitting whereby they would signifie that all the
which must not there happen the Gates on all parts being shut to comfort Hope beguiles us in our evils and in some sort frees us from the sense of suffering There is no labour or toil so great which hope makes not tolerable The most afflicted and wretched persons live and subsist with expectation that one day their miseries will change or end But that ease and comfort is denied the damned whose unhappiness is never to have an end nor their torments alteration They would esteem it for a comfort if a thousand years hence they might be sure of that little drop of water begg'd by the rich glutton But what speak I of a thousand years it after an hundred thousand after a thousand times so many so that some certain time were prefixed and the door but of some small hope set open unto them If all the space which is taken up by the Earth covered by the Water filled with the Air and encompassed by the Heavens were full of grains of Wheat And a damned Soul were told that after all that Wheat were eaten by some small Bird which after every hundred thousand years should come to take one grain and when it should have taken away the last they would give it that drop of water which was demanded by the assistance of Lazarus it would be comforted to see this onely change and so small an ease in the midst of his pains Yet it shall not have this and after so many millions of millions of years the miserable wretch shall be in the same torments raging in the same manner and as much void of all comfort as ever This is it shall burst the hearts of the damned when they shall perceive all remedies to be then impossible which in this life were so easie to be obtained With the crums of bread which fell from his table the rich Glutton might have purchased eternal happiness and now the refreshment of one drop of water is denied him What rancour shall they have against themselves when they shall remember that by the forbearance of one momentary pleasure they might have escaped eternal torments How raging will their very entrails be to consider that that is now past help which was heretofore so easily to be avoided Let therefore a Christian open his eyes and whilest he may remedy that which hereafter when he would will be impossible Now is the time acceptable now is the time of Salvation now is the time of pardon and indulgence now that may be gained in a moment which all Eternity cannot hereafter redeem What other thing was signified unto us by the flames of the Babylonian furnace Dan. 3. which as the Scripture saith mounted unto the height of fourty nine Cubits It doth not say fifty as is usual in other places to give the compleat number although some be wanting And who I pray you approached so near unto that flame which flew and moved up and down in the air that could so punctually measure the height of it to arise just unto fourty nine Cubits and not to reach fifty But herein was the Mystery which we are about to speak off The Number of fifty was the Number of the Jubilee and signified Indulgence and Pardon and by the flames of that Furnace were figured the flames of Hell which how far soever they shall exceed the torments of this life yet shall never attain unto a Jubilee and remission of their pains Now 't is true they may Now every year every moneth every day every hour and every moment is a time of Pardon and Jubilee What would a damned Soul give for one onely quarter of an hour of those whole days and weeks which men mispend in this life for to be able to do penance in Let us not therefore be prodigal of a thing so precious let us not lose time and and with it Eternal Glory The time of this life is so precious that St. Bernardin dares give it this exaggeration saying That time is worth as much as God because by it God is gained Let us not therefore fling away a thing of that value but let us make use of this cheap bargain purchasing with time Eternity and God himself the Lord of Eternity fulfilling that which was said by Ecclesiasticus Eccl. 20. Is there any who for a small price will redeem many things Upon which words Galfridus says Galfrid in Cant. If there be due unto thee eternal bitterness and thou mayst escape it by suffering what is temporal certainly thou hast redeemed great matters for a small price In blessings eternal it is likewise a great comfort to have them free from change so as they can neither end nor diminish and that temporal Goods changing and consuming themselves they remain in the same firm and stable condition for all Eternity Let a Christian compare the brevity and inconstancie of the things of this life with the immutability and eternal duration of those of the other Let him seriously observe the difference betwixt those two words Now and Ever The fools of this world say Let us now rejoyce The wise and vertuous say it is better that we forbear our pleasures now that we may hereafter enjoy eternal happiness The worldlings say Let us now live daintily and fare deliciously The Servants of Christ say Let us dye in the flesh that we may live ever without change The Sinners say Let us now enjoy the world They who fear God say Let us flie from this unstable world that we may for ever enjoy the Coelestial Compare these two and see who are the wiser those who aim only at which endures but this momentary instant Now or those who look after Eternity which lasts for ever those who shall suffer eternally without any profit at all or those who are content to suffer a little in this world for so great a gain as is the Kingdom of Heaven O most miserable and disconsolate life of the damned who are nâ—ither to have end in their torments change in their griefs nor to reap profit by the pains which they suffer Three things onely afford us comfort in the troubles of this life that either they may end or become more supportable by change or at least that we shall be recompensed by some benefit for our sufferance all which will fail in eternal pains in which there is no hope either of end change or profit A fearful mistake to suffer for a whole Eternity without benefit hereafter for not suffering a moment now with so great a reward as is the eternal Glory of God and Kingdom of Heaven CAP. X. How Eternity is without comparison FRom what is already spoken may be collected the third Quality of Eternity which is to be without comparison For as there is no comparison betwixt what is infinite and what is finite so there can be none betwixt what is Eternal and what is Temporal And as the Mountain Olympus or if any greater in the world is
therefore well laid of St. Augustine In Ps 45. That all which hath an end is short A hundred years of penance have an end and are therefore short a thousand years a hundred thousand Millions have their end and are therefore in the appearance of what is immense but little and in respect of Eternity no more then an instant In the same manner we are to look upon a thousand years as upon an hour and for it self a long life is no more to he desired then a short since both in respect of Eternity bear the same bulk And as in respect of a solid body a thousand superficies's bear no more proportion then one all of them together being as incapable of making up the least particle of solidity as one onely so in respect of Eternity one year is not less then a thousand nor a thousand more than one And upon all time although it were a Million of ages we are to look as upon an instant and upon all which is temporal as upon a superficies which hath onely an appearance but nothing of substance neither can all time and all temporal goods together make up one onely good of Eternity If the whole earth be but a point in respect of the Heavens which are notwithstanding of a finite and limited greatness what great matter is it if all time be but as an instant in respect of Eternity which is infinite and without limit Betwixt the Earth nay betwixt the least grain of sand and the highest Heaven there is a proportion both have quantity but betwixt a thousand years and Eternity none at all and are therefore less then a point O blindness of men who are so besotted with time that in life they desire pleasure and in death a memorial and both in death and life a fame and renown for what even for a moment for an instant Wherefore desirest thou pleasure in life which to morrow is to end Wherefore desirest thou a vain memory after death which can endure no longer than the world whose end will not be long deferred And although it should yet last for a million of ages it were but short since those also must conclude and all were but as a moment in resped of Eternity As the Immensity of God is in respect of place so is Eternity in respect of time and as in respect of the immensity of God the whole Sea is no greater than a drop of water nor an atome in the air less than the whole world so in respect of Eternity a hundred thousand years and half a quarter of an hour are the same If God then should bestow upon thee this life onely for a quarter of an hour and that thou knowest likewise that the world within an hour after thy death were to end also wouldest thou spend that short time in ostentation and setting forth thy self whereby to raise a fame that might endure that short time after thy life no certainly thou wouldest busie thy self with other thoughts thou wouldest think of providing to die well and not trouble thy self in leaving a vain fame and memory which were so small a time to over-last thee Know then that thou oughtest to do the same although thou wert certain to live a hundred years and the world to endure a hundred thousand after thee For all which hath an end is short and all time in respect of Eternity is but a day an hour a moment Remember therefore the saying of St. John who said his time was in the last hour of the world although there then wanted many years all which in respect of Eternity were but as one hour So then if thou wouldest not be sollicitous of leaving a Name behind thee if the world were to continue but an hour no more oughtest thou to be now although it were to endure for many ages If thou knewest for certain that thou had'st to live a hundred years and that during that time thou shouldest have nothing to eat or sustain thy self but what thou drewest from the store and treasure of some great King and that too in the small space of an hour wouldest thou spend that hour in walking abroad in vain conversation and entertainments certainly no thou wouldest not cease from labouring and making haste to load thy self with those treasures How art thou then so careless knowing that thy Soul is to live for an eternity and that thou hast nothing to sustain it with hereafter but what thou gainest by thy merits within the space of this short life look how short a time is allowed thee to provide for Eternity How art thou then so negligent as to pass it in vain pleasures how comest thou then to laugh and not to weep rather and tear thy flesh with rigid penance and mortifications More is an hour in respect of a hundred years than a hundred thousand are in respect of Eternity And therefore if in that hour because the time appeared but short thou wouldest not be sloathful in furnishing thy self for a hundred years much less oughtest thou to be slow in those hundred years of life to provide for Eternity Consider also what a hundred years are in respect of a million and a million of years in respect of Eternity If for a hundred years spent in torments thou wert to enjoy a million of years in pleasure and content certainly thou hadst a most advantagious bargain since thou receivest ten thousand times more than thou gavest What a purchase hast thou then if not for a hundred years of pain but for a short hour spent in the mortification of some one vain pleasure thou receivest an Eternity of glory in respect of which a million of years are but as air instant See then how short is the space of this life to gain the eternal see how short is all time to merit Eternity Well did St. Augustin say August in Psal 39. For an eternal rest thou wert in reason to undergoe an eternal labour and for an eternal felicity to endure eternal pains How then can the short labours of this life seem tedious unto thee questionless there is no just Soul in Heaven nor damned in Hell that so often as he casts his eyes upon Eternity is not astonisht that so short a thing as this life should be the Key of so long a happiness in the one or misery in the other See then how cheap thou hast an Eternity of glory the which is an infinite for a finite Weigh a thousand years weigh a thousand millions in counterpoise with Eternity they weigh nothing all is bat smoak and straw there is no comparison betwixt infinite and finite betwixt what is real and what is painted Well did Plotinus say that Time wat the Image of Eternity conformable unto which David said That man passes away in an Image as if he should have said he passes away in time The same which is said of Time may be said of Goods and Evils temporal which pass along
world are not to affright us since they are to cease and determine By how much Eternity enobles and adds unto the greatness of those things which are eternal by so much doth Time vilifie and debase those things which are temporal and therefore as all which is eternal although it were little in it self ought to be esteemed as infinite so all which is temporal although it were infinite yet is to be esteemed as nothing because it is to end in nothing If a man were Lord of infinite worlds and possest infinite riches if they were at last to end and he to leave them they were to be valued as nothing and if all things temporal have this evil property to sail and perish they ought to have no more esteem then if they were not with good reason then is life it self to be valued as nothing since nothing is more frail nothing more perishing and in conclusion is little more than if it had no being at all Possessions Inheritances Riches Titles and other goods of fortune remain when man is gone but not his Life A little excess of cold or heat makes and end of that a sharp winde the infectious breath of a sick person a drop of poison makes it vanish in so much as no glass is so frail as it Glass without violence may last long but the life of man ends of it self glass may with care be preserved for many ages but nothing can preserve the life of man it consumes it self All this was well understood by King David who was the most powerful and happy Prince the Hebrews ever had as ruling over both the Kingdoms of Judah and Israel with all which was promised by God unto the Israelites but not until his time possessed his Dominions besides extending over many other Provinces See 1. Paralip 29. what he left him towards the building of the Temple onely so as gold rowld up and down his House and Court and he left at his death mighty treasures unto his Son Salomon Yet this so fortunate a Prince considering that his greatness was to have an end valued it as nothing and not onely esteemed his Kingdoms and treasures as a vanity but even his life it self Wherefore he sayes Thou hast put O Lord a measure unto my dayes and my substance is as nothing all my Rents all my Kingdoms all my Trophies all my Treasures all which I possess although so powerful a King all is nothing And presently adds Doubtless all is vanity all what living man is Psal 38. all his whole life is vanity and nothing that belongs to him so frail as himself Of so mean value are the things of this world although we were to enjoy them for many ages but being to end so quickly and perhaps more sodainly than we can imagine what account is to be made of them O if we could but frame a true conception of the shortness of this life how should we despise the pleasures of it This is a matter of such importance that God commanded the principal his Prophets that he should goe into the Streets and Market-places and proclaim aloud How frail and short was the life of man For the Prophet Isaiah being about to prophesie of the most high and hidden mysterie which ever God revealed unto man which is the incarnation of the eternal Word was suddenly commanded by the Lord to lift up his voice and to crie aloud unto whom the Prophet replied What is it O Lord that I must crie aloud The Lord said That all flesh is grass and all the glory of it at the flowers of the field For as the grass which is cut in the morning withers before night and as the flower is quickly faded so is the life of all flesh the beauty and splendour of it passing and withering in a day Upon which place saith St. Hierome Hieronin Comment He who shall look upon the frailty of our flesh and that every moment of an hour we increase and decrease without ever remaining in the same state and that even what we now speak dictate or write flyes away with some part of our life will not doubt to say his flesh is grass and the glory of it as the flower of the field And presently after He that was yesterday an Infant is now a Boy and will suddenly be a Youth and even until old age runs changing through uncertain conditions of lite and perceaves himself first to be an old man before he begins to admire that he is not still a Boy In another place the same Saint meditating upon the death of Nepotianus who died in the flower of his age breaks out into these complaints In Epitaph Nepot O miserable condition of humane nature Vain is all that we live without Christ all flesh is hay and all the glory of it as the flower of the field Where is now that comely visage where is now the dignity of the whole body with which as with a fair garment the beauty of the Soul was once cloathed Ay pitty the Lilly is withered by a Southern blast and the purple of the Violet turned into paleness And immediately adds Why do we not therefore consider what in time must become of us and what will we or will not cannot be far off for should our life exceed the terme of 900 years and that the dayes Mathusalam were bestowed upon us yet all this length of life once past and pass it must were nothing and betwixt him who lives but ten years and him who lives a thousand the end of life and the unavoidable necessity of death once come all is the same save onely he who lives longer departs heavier loaden with his sins This frailty therefore and brevity of humane life being so certain and evident yet our Lord would have his Prophet publish it together with the most hidden and unknown mysterie of his incarnation and the manner of the worlds redemption which even the most high Scraphins did not conceive possible and all because men will not suffer themselves to be perswaded of this truth nor practically apprehend the shortness of their life Nay seeing death seiseth upon others yet they will not believe that it shall happen unto themselves and although they hear of it hourly yet it appears unto them as a hidden mysterie which they cannot understand God therefore commanded the Prophet Isaiah that he should proclaim and publish it with a loud voice as a thing new and of great importance that it might so penetrate and link into the hearts of men Let us therefore receive this truth from God himself All flesh is grass All age is short All time flyes All life vanishes and a great multitude of years are but a great nothing Let us also hear how true this is from those who lived the longest Jux Isi l. de vita mor. Pat. c. 24. and have had the greatest experience of what it is to live Perhaps thou mayst
and therefore reprehended his Nephew for spending a short time in walking for his recreation telling him that those hours might be better imployed and being present when the same Nephew caused one which in reading pronounced a word with an ill accent to repeat it again admonisht him that too much time was lost in that useless repetition Seneca esteemed time above all price and value and in this manner sayes Redeem thy self unto thy self recover and preserve that time which hitherto hath been taken surprised or slipt from thee For whom wilt thou give me that shall set a price upon time or give a value unto a day who understands himselt daily to die If therefore the Gentils who had no hope by time to purchase Eternity made so great account of it what shall we Christians unto whom it is an occasion of eternal happiness Let us therefore hear St. Bernard Serm ad Scho. There is nothing sayes he more precious than time But out alass nothing at this day is more vilified A day of salvation is past and no man reflects on it no man thinks no man complains that he hath lost a day which shall never râ—â—rn But as a hair from the head so a moment of time shall not perish The same Saint also grieving to see a thing so precious so much mispent speaks in this manner Let no man make a small esteem of the time which is spent in idle words Say some We may yet chat and talk untill this hour be past O wretched speech Vntil this hour be past This being the hour which the goodness of thy Creator hath bestowed upon thee that in it thou mayest do penance for thy sins obtain pardon acquire grace and merit glory O lamentable speech Whilst this hour passes this being the hour wherein thou mayst gain divine mercy and commiseration In another part he speaks much to the same purpose exhorting us to benefit our selves by the time of this life His words are these Serm. 75. in Cant. Whilest we have time let us do good unto all especially since our Lord said plainly that the night would come when no man could work Art thou perhaps to find some other time in the world to come wherein thou mayst seek God and wherein thou mayst do good This being the time wherein he hath promised to remember thee and is therefore the day of mercy because here our God and King hath long agoe wrought thy salvation in the middest of the earth goe then and expect thy salvation in the middest of hell What possibility doest thou dream of obtaining pardon in the middest of eternal flames when the time of mercy is already past No sacrifice tor sin remains tor thee being dead in sin no more shall the Son of God be crucified for thee Once he died and shall now die no more That blood which he spilt upon the earth shall not descend into hell The sinners of the earth have drunk it up There is no part left for the devils or for sinners which are the companions of devils wherewith to quench their flames Once descended thither not the blood but the soul of Christ This only visit made by the presence of the soul when the body hung without life upon the Cross was the portion of them who were in prison The blood watered the dry land the blood was poured upon the thirsty earth and did as it were inebriate it The blood wrought peace for those who were upon earth and those who are in heaven but not for those which were in hell beneath the earth Once only as we have said the soul went thither and made in part redemption speaking of the souls of the Holy Fathers who were in Limbo that even for that moment the works of charity might not be wanting but it passed no farther Now is the time acceptable now is the time fit wherein to seek God And certainly he that seeks him shall finde him if so be he seek him when and where he ought to do All this from St. Bernard § 2. Consider what an eternal repentance will follow thee if thou makest not use of this occasion of time for the purchasing of the Kingdom of Heaven especially when thou shalt see that with so little adoe thou mightest have gained that everlasting glory which to satisfie a short pleasure thou hast lost tor ever In what to fury and madness was Esau Gen. 19. when he reflected that his younger brother had gotten the Blessing of the first born by his own base selling his Birth-right for a dish of Lentils he cried out and tore himself for spite and anger Behold thy self in this mirrour who for one vile and short pleasure hast sold the Kingdom of Heaven If God had then thrown thee into hell what wouldest thou have done but lamented that with eternal tears which in so short a time was lost Cain when he perceived that he and his posterity were cursed and made infamous for not knowing how to benefit himself by that occasion Gen. 9. which was first offered unto him and made use of by his Brother what resentment had he then or ought to have had Measure by this the sense of a damned person who for not making use of the time of this lite shall see himself cursed by God for an Eternity and others far less than himself made blessed and rewarded in heaven The Sons-in-law of Loth when they saw they might have escaped the fire and that being invited they had rejected and laughed at the counsel of their Father-in-law when afterwards they perceived it to rain fire and sulphur upon them and their Cities what grief and vexation had they for refusing the benefit of so fair an occasion offered at their own doors O what sorrow what pain what madness what desperation shall seise upon a damned creature when he shall call to mind how often he hath been invited by Christ to salvation and shall now feel a tempest of fire and sulphur pouring down upon him for ever in hell King Hannon who had so good an occasion to preserve that peace whereunto he was intreated and invited by David when after he saw his Cities ruin'd the Inhabitants burnt like bricks in a furnace some thrasht to death others torn in pieces what would he have given to have made use in time of so fair an offer or of holding friendship with so great a King but what is this in respect of what a sinner shall feel when he shall see himself burnt in hell fire become an eternal enemy of the King of Heaven and deprived tor ever of raigning with his blessed Saints what despite what grief of heart shall he then have The evil Theef who was crucified with the Saviour of the world what doth he now endure for refusing that good occasion which his companion embraced what a repentance hath now the rich Glutton for not laying hold of so great an opportunity offered him at his own home
consider this Wherefore busie we our selves about Temporal things and the affairs of this life which we are instantly to leave and enter into a Region of Eternity Less are a thousand years in respect of Eternity than a quarter of an hour in respect of threescore years Why are we then negligent in that short time we are to live in acquiring that which is to endure for a world of worlds Death is a moment placed betwixt this life and the next in which we are to traffick for eternity Let us not therefore be careless but let us remember how much it imports us to die well and to that end let us endeavour to live well §. 3. Besides all this although one should die the most happy death that can be imagined yet it suffices to behold the dead Body when the Soul hath left it how ugly and noisome the miserable Carcass remains that even friends flye from it and scarce dare stay one night alone with it The nearest and most obliged Kindred procure it in all haste to be carried forth a doors and having wrapt it in some course Sheet throw it into the Grave and within two dayes forget it and he who in life could not be contained in great and sumptuous Palaces is now content with the narrow lodging of seaven foot of earth he who used to rest in rich and dainty Beds hath for his Couch the hard ground and as Isaias saith for his Mattress moths and for his Covering Worms his Pillows at best the bones of other dead persons then heaping upon him a little earth and perhaps a Gravestone they leave his flesh to be feasted on by the worms whilest his heirs triumph in his riches He who gloried in the exercise of Armes and was used to revel at Balls and Festivals is now stiffe and could his hands and feet without motion and all his senses without life He who with his power and pride trampled upon all is now trod under foot by all Consider him eight dayes dead drawn forth of his Grave how gastly and horrible a spectacle he will appear and wherein differ from a dead Dog thrown upon a Dunghil Behold then what thou pamperst a Body which shall perhaps within four dayes be eaten by loathsome vermin Whereupon doest thou found thy vain pretensions which are but Castles in the air founded upon a little earth which turning into dust the whole Fabrick falls to ground See wherein all humane greatness concludes and that the end of man is no less loathsome and miserable than his beginning Let this Consideration serve thee as it hath done many Servants of Christ to despise all things of this life Alex. Faya to 2. Joh. Major verbo Mors. Ex. 21. Alexander Faya writes that having opened the Vault wherein lay interred the Body of a principal Count they who were present perceived upon the face of the dead person a Toad of an extraordinary greatness which accompanied with many other filthy and loathsome wormes and vermin was feeding upon his flesh which caused so great a horror and amazement that they all fled The which so soon as it came unto the knowledge of the Son of that Count who was then in the flower of his age he would needs goe and behold the spectacle and looking seriously upon it he broke into these speeches These are the friends which we breed and provide for with our delicacies for these we rest upon soft Beds and lodge in gilt Chambers adorned with Tapestries and make them grow and encrease with the vanity of our dainties Were it not better to prevent them by Fasts and Penances and Austerities in our life that they may not thus insult upon us after death With this conderation quitting his fair Possessions and flying privately away accompanied onely with a lively desire of being poor for Christ which he accounted for the greatest riches he came to Rome where chastising the body with much rigour and living in the holy fear of the Lord he at last became a Collier and by his labour sustained his poor life Finally coming one day unto the City to sell his coles he fell into a grievous sickness which having endured with marvelous patience he at last delivered his most happy Soul into the hands of his Redeemer and that very instant of his death all the Bells of the City rung themselves with which Miracle the Pope and the Roman Court being marvelously astonished his Confessor related unto them all that happened and informed them both of the condition and sanctity of the dead person and there being at the same time in Rome some Gentlemen and Souldiers belonging to the same Prince who came in search of their Master and finding him deceased carried home his holy Body with much joy and reverence unto his Country The Sight of the dead Body of the Empress Donna Isabella Wife unto the Emperour Charles the fift wrought no less effect in the heart of Blessed Francesc◠de Borgia then Marquess of Lombay who being appointed to wait upon the Coarse unto Granada where it was to be interred and being to deliver it bare-faced according to custome to the end it might appear to be the same Body he caused the sheet of Lead wherein it was wrapped to be opened which immediately cast forth so horrible a stench that those who were present not able to endure it were forced to retire and withal the face appeared so foul and deformed that not any of the attendants durst take their oath that that was the Empress's Body Who sees not here the vanity of the world what is of more respect and esteem than the Bodies of great Kings and Princes whilest they live and now dead the Guards and Gentlemen which are to wait upon them flye from them Who are accounted more happy than they who have the fortune to be near their persons They are spoken unto upon the knee as if they were Gods but being dead all forsake them and even Toads Worms and Dogs dare approach and eat them A good testimony of this was Queen Jezabell whose pamperd Body adored whilest she lived was being dead ignominiously torn in pieces by Dogs But to return to our Story The Marquess remaining alone behind the rest began to consider what the Empress once was and what he now beheld her Where was the beauty of that face but become worms and putrifaction where that Majesty and gravity of countenance which made all reverence her and those people happy who beheld her but now grown so hideous that her most obliged Servants leave and abandon her Where is now the Royal Scepter but resolved into filth and corruption This consideration so changed his heart that despising what was temporal and now wholly seeking what was eternal he determined never after to serve that Lord who was mortal The very memory of the loathsomness of a dead Body may serve to make us despise the beauty of that which is living as St. Peter Damian advises
us Petrus Damianus in Gomor c. 23. saying If the subtle Enemy shall set before thee the frail beauty of the flesh send thy thoughts presently unto she Sepulcher of the Dead and let them there see what they can finde agreeable to the touch or pleasing to the sight Consider that poison which now stinks intollerably that corruption which engenders and feeds worms That dust and dry ashes was once soft and lively flesh and in its youth was subject to the like passions as thou art Consider those rigid nerves those naked teeth the disjoynted disposition of the bones and articles and that horrible dissipation of the whole Body and by this means the Monster of this deformed and confused figure will pluck from thy heart all deceits and illusions This from St. Peter Damian All this is certainly to happen unto thy self Wherefore doest thou not amend thy evil conditions this is to be thy end unto this therefore direct thy life and actions From hence spring all the errors of men that they forget the end of their lives which they ought to have still before their eyes and by it to order themselves for the complyance with their obligations With reason had the Brachmans their Sepulchers placed still open before their doors that by the memory of death they might learn to live In this sense is that Axiome of Plato most true when he sayes That Wisdom is the Meditation of Death because this wholesome thought of Death undeceives us in the vanities of the world and gives us force and vigour to better our lives Johannes Brom. in Sum. verb. Poenit num 12. Some Authors write of a certain Confessarius who when all his perswasions could not prevail with his penitent to do penance for his sins contented himself with this promise that he would suffer one of his Servants every night when he went to bed to sound these words in his ear Think that thou art to dye who having often heard this admonition and and profoundly considered it with himself he at last returned unto his Confessor well disposed to admit of such penance as should be enjoyned him The same thing happened to another who having confessed to to the Pope very hainous crimes said that he could not fast nor wear hair-shirts nor admit of any other kinds of austerity His Holiness having commended the matter to God gave him a Ring with this Poesie Memento mâ—ri Remember thou art to dye charging him that as often as he looked upon the Ring he should read those words and call death to mind Few hours after the memory hereof caused such a change in his heart that he offered to fulfil what ever penance his Holiness should please to impose upon him For this reason it seems God commanded the Prophet Jeremias that he should goe into the house of the Potter and that he should there hear his words Well might the Lord have sent his Prophet into some place more decent to receive his sacred words then where so many men were daily imployed in dirt and clay but here was the particular mysterie whereby we are given to understand that the presence of Sepulchers wherein is preserved as in the house of a Potter the clay of humane nature it was a place most proper for God to speak unto us that the memory of death might more deeply imprint his words in our hearts For this very reason the Devil strives with all his power and cunning to obstruct in us the memory of death For what other cause can be assigned why the meer suspicion of some loss or notable damage should bereave us of our sleep and that the certainty of death which of things terrible is most terrible should never trouble us CAP. II. Remarkable Conditions of the end of Temporal Life BEsides the misery wherein all the felicity of this world is to determine the end of our life hath other most remarkable conditions very worthy to be considered and by which we may perceive the goods of it to be most contemptible We will now principally speak of three First that death is most infallible certain and no way to be avoided The second that the time is most incertain because we know neitheâ— when nor how it will happen The third that it is buâ— only one and but once to be experienced so that wâ— cannot by a second death correct the errors of the firsâ— Concerning the certainty and infallibility of death it imports us much to perswade our selves of it for as it is infallible that the other life shall be without end so it is as certain that this shall have it And as the Damned are in despair to find an end in their torments so are we practically to despair that the pleasures and contents of this world are to endure for ever God hath not made a Law more inviolable than that of death For having often dispensed in other Laws and by his omnipotent power and pleasure violated as I may say divers times the rights of Nature he neither hath nor will dispense with the Law of death but hath rather dispensed with other Laws that this should stand in force and therefore hath not onely executed the sentence of death upon those who in rigour ought to dye but upon those unto whom it was no wise due In the conception of Christ our Saviour those establisht Lawes of Nature that men were not to be born but by propagation from men and breach of the Mothers integrity were dispensed with God that his Lawes should have no force in Christ working two most stupendious Miracles and infringing the Lawes of Nature that his Son might be born of a Virgin Mother was so far from exempting him from the Law of death that death not belonging to him as being Lord of the Law and wanting all sin even original by which was contracted death nay immortality and the four gifts of glory being due unto his most Holy Body as resulting from the clear vision of the Divine essence which his Soul ever enjoyed yet all this notwithstanding God would not comply with this right of Nature but rather miraculously suspended by his omnipotent Arm those gifts of glory from his Body that he might become subject unto death in so much as God observes this Law of Death with such rigour that doing Miracles that the Law of Nature should not be kept in other things he works Miracles that the Law of Death should be observed even by his own Son who deserved it not and unto whom it was in no sort due And now that the Son of God had taken upon him the redemption of Mankind for whom out of his most infinite charity it was convenient for him to dye the death of the Cross which reason failing in his most holy Mother unto whom death was not likewise due from Original sin she being priviledged according to the opinion of most Universities as well in that as many other things by her blessed Son yet would
of thy life This is admirable counsel that since thou knowest thou art to dye and knowest not when that thou perform each action as if it were thy last and as if in ending it thou wert to expire thy self Above all let us endeavour to leave sin and evil inclinations to leave the cares of the earth and to elevate our whole heart and affections unto heaven and there to place our thoughts which are to be upright and setled in God Almighty A crooked tree when they cut it down falls that way it was inclined when it grew If one doe not bend towards heaven whilest he lives which way can he fall in death it is much to be feared into Hell CAP. III. Of that moment which is the medium betwixt Time and Eternity which being the end of Life is therefore most terrible WE ought then seriously to consider which is certainly a matter of great amazement all which is to passe in that moment of death for which the time of this life was onely bestowed upon us and upon which depends the eternity of the other O most dreadful point which art the end of Time and beginning of Eternity O most fearful instant which shuttest up the prefixed tearm of this life and determines the business of our Salvation O moment upon which depends Eternity how oughtest thou to be placed in our thoughts with profit that we may not hereafter when it is too late remember thee with repentance How many things are to pass in thee In the same instant life is to finish all our works to be examined and that sentence given which is to be executed for all eternity O last moment of Life O first of Eternity how terrible is the thought of thee since in thee not onely life is to be lost but to be accounted for and we then to enter into a Region which we know not In that moment I shall cease to live in that moment I shall behold my Judge who shall lay all my sins open before me with all their weight number and enormity In it I shall receive a strict charge of all the Divine benefits bestowed upon me and in it a judgment shall pass upon me either for my salvation or damnation eternal How wonderful is it that for so many matters and of so great importance there is no more time allotted than the space of an instant no place left for reply intercession of friends or appeal O fearful moment upon which so much depends O most important instant of Time and Eternity Admirable is the high wisdom of God which hath placed a point in the middest betwixt Time and Eternity unto which all the time of this life is to relate and upon which the whole Eternity of the other is to depend O moment which art neither Time nor Eternity but art the Horizon of both and dividest things Temporal from Eternal O narrow moment O most dilated point wherein so many things are to be concluded so strict an accompt is to be given and where so rigorous a Sentence as is to be pronounced is ever to stand in force A strange case that a business of eternity is to be resolved in a moment and no place allowed for the intercession of friends or our own diligence It will be then in vain to repair unto the Saints in Heaven or the Priests upon Earth those will not intercede for thee nor can these give thee absolution because the rigour of the Judge in that instant wherein thou expirest allows no further mercy Apoc. 20. St. John sayes that Heaven and Earth shall flye from the presence of the Judge Whither wilt thou then goe to what place canst thou repair being the person against whom the Process is commenced It is therefore said that Heaven and Earth shall flye away because neither the Saints of Heaven shall there favour thee with their intercession neither can the Priests of the Earth assist thee with the Sacraments of the Church There shall be place for nothing that may help thee What would then a sinner give for leave to make one poor Confession when it is too late that which would now serve thy turn and thou despisest thou wouldest then have done and canst not Provide thy self therefore in time whilest it may avail thee and deferre it not until that instant wherein nothing can do thee good Now thou mayest help thy self now the Saints will favour thee expect not that moment wherein thy own endeavours will be useless and wherein the Saints will not assist thee To the end we may frame a more lively conceit of what hath been said Lib. 1. Epist 10. I will relate a Story which St. Peter Damian rehearseth in an Epistle of his to Pope Alexander the second of that name whereof the Saint sayes it caused dread in him as often as it came to his mind Thus it was That two men going to fell wood in a Forest there issued forth a Serpent ugly and of a huge size with two heads and mouths of both open thrusting out their tongues with three points or small darts in each of them and seeming to cast out fire at his eyes set upon them One of the two men of more spirit and courage at the first assault of the Serpent struck it with his hatchet and cut off one of his heads but unfortunately let fall his hatchet The Serpent feeling himself wounded full of fury and rage took him at the disadvantage without his weapon and roled his train round about his body The miserable man cried out to his Companion for help or at least that he would give him his hatchet to defend himself or do some execution upon his enemy that was now dragging him towards his Den. But his Companion was so cowardly that he durst not any wayes succour him but affrighted and astonished fled away leaving that wretched man in the power of the Serpent which with great rage carried him to his Den without resistance or any succour at all notwithstanding the hideous out-cries and lamentations the poor Captive made This History is but a slight draught of what a Sinner will experience in the instant of the departure of his Soul out of this life when without any aid at all or hope of it he shall find himself at the mercy of the infernal Dragon who will use him with all violence imaginable St. Peter Damianus sayes he could not express the horror this sad accident caused in him insomuch that it made him tremble many times to consider what pass'd betwixt the Serpent and the man in that Den there being no body to afford any help to the poor fellow in that distress where neither his strength nor cries could any wayes avail him to decline the fury of that ugly Monster now ready to tear him in pieces Wherefore if to be void of all hopes of temporal life and to be in the power of a Serpent is a thing so dreadful what fright and astonishment
will it cause when a Sinner in the instant of Gods judgment shall see himself delivered over into the power of the infernal Dragon without all hopes of ever escaping from him who will seize upon a Soul and carry her to the abyss of hell Let us call to mind with dread that which the holy Prophet feared and said of the Devil God grant he lay not hold on my soul like a Lion when there will be none that will set me at liberty or relieve me O what a lamentable thing will it be for one to see himself in the power of Lucifer not onely abandoned by Men but also by the Angels and by the Queen of Men and Angels and even of God himself Father of all mercies Let us provide our selves in time for that which is to be done in a moment on which depends our Eternity O moment in which all time is lost if a Soul doth lose it self in it and remains lost for ever how much doest thou avail us Thou givest an assurance to all the good works of this life and causest an oblivion of all the pleasures and delights thereof to the end that Man may not wholly give himself over to them since they will then be of no benefit to him and persevere in vertue since it will not secure him unless he persevere in it to the last §. 2. How can men be careless seeing so important a business as is the salvation of their Souls to depend upon an instant wherein no new diligence nor preparations will avail them Since therefore we know not when that moment will be let us not be any moment unprovided this is a business not to be one point of time neglected since that point may be our damnation What will a hundred years spent with great penance and austerity in the service of God profit us if in the end of all those years we shall commit some grievous sin and death shall seise upon us before repentance Let no man secure himself in his past vertues but continue them until the end since if he die not in grace all is lost and if he doe what matters it to have lived a thousand years in the greatest troubles and afflictions this world could lay upon him O moment in which the just shall forget all his labours and shall rest assured of all his vertues O moment in which the pains of a Sinner begin and all his pleasures end O moment which art certain to be uncertain when to be and most certain never to be again for thou art onely once and what is in thee determined can never be revoked in another moment O moment how worthy art thou to be now fixed in our memory In vit PP l. 5. p. 565. apud Rot that we may not hereafter meet thee to our eternal mine and perdition Let us imitate the Abbot Elias who was accustomed to say That three things especially made him tremble The first when his Soul was to be pluckt out of his Body the second when it was to appear before God to receive judgment and the third when sentence was to be pronounced How terrible then is this moment wherein all these three things so terrible are to pass Let a Christian often whilest he lives place himself in that instant from whence let him behold on one part the time of his life which he is to leave and on the other the eternity whereunto he enters and let him consider what remains unto him of that and what he hopes for in this How short in that point of death did those near-hand a thousand years which Mathusala lived appear unto him and how long one day in Eternity In that instant a thousand years of life shall appear unto the Sinner no more than one hour and one hour of torments shall appear a thousand years Behold thy life from this Watch-tower from this Horizon and measure it with the eternal and thou shalt find it to be of no bulk nor extension Sec how little of it remains in thy hands and that there is no escaping from the hands of Eternity O dreadful moment which cuts off the thread of Time and begins the web of Eternity let us in time provide for this moment that we may not lose Eternity This is that precious pearl for which we ought to give all that we have or are Let it ever be in our memory let us ever be sollicitous of it since it may every day come upon us Eternity depends upon death death upon life and life upon a thread which may either be broken cut or burnt and that even when we most hope and most endeavour to prolong it A good testimony of this is that which Paulus Aemilius recounts of Charles King of Navarre Paulus Aemilius l. 9. Aâ—cidita anno 1387. who having much decayed and weakned his bodily forces by excess of lust unto which he was without measure addicted the Physicians for his cure commanded Linnens steeped in Aqua vitae to be wrapped close about his naked body He who sewed them having nothing in readiness to cut the thread made use of a candle which was at hand to burn it but the thread being wet in those spirits took fire with such speed as it fired the Linnen and before it could be prevented burnt the body of the King in that manner as he immediately dyed Upon a natural thread depended the life of this Prince which concluded in so disastrous a death and no doubt but the thread of life is as easily cut as that of flax time is required for the one but the other is broken in an instant and there are more causes of ending our life than are of breaking the smallest twist Our life is never secure and therefore we ought ever to fear that instant which gives an end to Time and beginning unto Eternity Wonderful are the wayes which death finds out and most poor and contemptible those things upon which life depends It hangs not only upon a thread but sometime upon so small a thing as a hair So Fabius a Roman Senatour was choaked with a hair which he swallowed in a draught of milk No door is shut to death it enters where air cannot enter and encounters us in the very actions of life Small things are able to deprive us of so great a good Valer. Max. lib. 6. A little grain of a grape took away the life of Anacreon and a Pear which Drusus Pompeius was playing with fell into his mouth and choaked him The affections also of the Soul and the pleasures of the Body become the high way unto death Homer dyed of grief and Sophocles of an excess of joy Dionysius was kill'd with the good news of a victory which he obtained Aurelianus dyed dancing when he married the Daughter of Domiâ—ian the Emperour Thales Milesius beholding the sports in the Theater dyed of thirst Vid. Andream Eborensem de morte non vulgari and Cornelius Gallus and
his Divine justice Then all shall be laid open and confusion shall cover the sinner with the multitude of his offences How shall he blush to see himself in the presence of the King of Heaven in so foul and squalid garments A man is said to remain confounded when either the issue of things fall out contrary to what he hoped and looked for or when he comes off with indignity or disparagement where he expected honour and reward how confounded then shall a sinner be when those works of his which he thought vertues shall be found vices imagining he hath done service shall perceive he hath offended and hoping for a reward shall meet with punishment If a man when he is to speak with some great Prince desire to be decently and well clad how will he be out of countenance to appear before him dirty and half naked How shall then a sinner be ashamed to see himself before the Lord of all naked of good works be dirtied and defiled with abominable and horrid crimes for besides the Multitude of sins whereof his whole life shall be full the Hainousness of them shall be also laid open before him and he shall tremble at the sight of that which he now thinks but a trivial fault For then shall he see clearly the ugliness of sin the dissonancy of it unto reason the deformity it causes in the Soul the injury it does unto the Lord of the world his ingratitude to the blood of Christ the prejudice it brings unto himself hell into which he falls and eternal glory which he loses The least of these were sufficient to cover his heart with sadness and inconsolable grief but altogether what amazement and confusion shall they cause especially when he shall perceive that not only mortal but even venial sins produce an ugliness in the Soul beyond all the corporal deformities which can be imagined If the sight of onely one Devil be so horrible that many Servants of God have said that they would rather suffer all the torments of this life than behold him for one moment all his deformity proceeding but from one onely mortal sin which he committed for before the Devils were by nature most excellent and beautiful in what condition shall a sinner be who shall not only behold all Devils in all their ugliness but shall see himself perhaps more ugly than many of them having as many deformities as he hath committed mortal and venial sins Let him therefore avoid them now for all are to come to light and he must account for all even until the last farthing Neither is this account to be made in gross onely for the greatest and most apparent sins but even for the least and smallest What Lord is so strict with his Steward that he demands an account for trifles for the tagg of a point nor suffers him to pass a half-penny without informing him how it was spent In humane Tribunals the Judge takes no notice of small matters but in the Courts of Divine Judicature nothing passes the least things are as diligently lookt into as the greater A confirmation of this is a story written by divers Authors Joh. Major Judic exem 8. ex collec That there were two Religious persons of holy and laudable conversation who did mutually love one another with great affection one of them chanced to die and after death appeared unto the other being then in prayer in poor and torn garments and with a most sorrowful and dejected countenance he who was alive demanded of him what was the cause of his appearing in that sad manner to whom he answered repeating it three times No man will believe No man will believe No man will believe Being urged to declare further what he would say he proceeded thus No man can imagine how strict God is in taking his accompts and with what rigour he chastises sinners In saying this he vanished By that which hath happened to many Servants of God even before their departure out of this life may be seen the rigour with which this account shall be taken after death Climac gr 7. St. John Climacus writes of a certain Monk who being very desirous to live in solitude and quiet after he had exercised himself many years in the labours of a Monastical life and obtained the grace of tears and fasting with many other priviledges of vertue he built a Cell at the foot of that Mountain where Elias in time past saw that sacred and divine Vision This reverend Father being of so great austerity desired yet to live a more strict and penitent life and therefore passed from thence into a place called Sides which belonged to the Anchorite Monks who live in great perfection and retirement and having lived a long time with much rigour in that place which was far remote from all humane consolation and distant 70 miles from any dwelling or habitation of men at last he came to have a desire to return to his first Cell in that sacred Mountain where remained in his absence for the keeping of it two most religious Disciples of his of the land of Palestine Some short time after his return he fell into an infirmity and died The day before his death sodainly he became much astonished and amazed and keeping still his eyes open he lookt gastly about him sometime on the one side of the Bed and then on the other as if he saw some who demanded an accompt from him of something which was past unto whom he answered in the hearing of all who were present saying sometime So it is truly but for this I have fasted so many years Other-whiles he said Certainly it is not so thou lyest I never did it At other times It is true I did so but wept for it and so many times ministred for it unto the necessity of my neighbour Other times Thou accusest me truly I have nothing to say but God is merciful And certainly that invisible and strict inquisition was fearful and horrible unto those who were present Ay miserable me saith the Saint What will become of me sinner since so great a follower of a solitary and retired life knew not what to answer He who had lived forty years a Monk and obtained the grace of tears and as some affirmed unto me had in the Desert fed a hungry Leopard which meekly repaired unto him for food yet for all this sanctity at his departure out of this life so strict an accompt was demanded of him as he left us uncertain what was his judgement and what the sentence and determination of his cause We read in the Chronicles of the Minorites Chronic. S. Franc. 2. p. lib. 4. c. 35. that a Novice of the Order of St. Francis being now almost out of himself struggling with death cryed out with a terrible voice saying Wo is me O that I never had been born A little after he said I am heartily sorry And not long after he replyed Put
something of the merits of the Passion of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ Then he said Now 't is well The Religious much admired that a young man so innocent should speak things so dreadful and with such a strange noise When the young man was returned to his senses they demanded of him to declare unto them the meaning of those words and great cryes He answered them I saw that in the Judgement of Almighty God so strict an accompt was taken even of idle words and other things that seemed very little and they weighed them so exactly that the merits in respect of the demerits were almost nothing at all And for this reason I gave that first terrible and sad outcry Afterwards I saw that the demerits were weighed with great attention and that little regard was made of the merits For this reason I spake the second words And seeing that the merits were so few and inconsiderable for to be justified I spake the third And in regard that with the merits of the Passion of Christ our Saviour the balance wherein my good works were weighed more than the other immediately a favourable sentence was given in my behalf For this reason I said now 't is well And having said this he gave up his ghost § 3. The third cause of the terribleness of the end of Temporal Life which is the charge which shall be given of divine benefits received THere is also in the end of life another cause of much terrour unto Sinners which is the lively knowledge which they shall have of the divine benefits received and the Charge which shall be laid against them for their great ingratitude and abuse of them This is also signified by what the Prophet Daniel spake of the Throne and Tribunal of God For he not onely said it was of flames of fire by which was given us to understand the rigour of divine justice against Sinners signified by the violence heat and activity of fire and the discovery and manifestation of sins signified by the light and brightness of the flames but he also adds that from the face of the Judge there proceeded a heady and rapid river which was also of fire signifying by the swiftness of the course and the issuing of it from God the multitude of his graces and benefits which flowing from the divine goodness are communicated and poured down upon his Creatures His saying that this so great river shall in that day be of fire is to make us understand the rigour of that Charge against us for our abuse of those infinite benefits bestowed together with the light and clearness wherewith we shall know them and the horrour and confusion which shall then seise upon us for our great ingratitude and the small account we have made of them in so much as Sinners in that instant are not onely to stand in fear of their own bad works but of the grace and benefits of God Almighty conferr'd upon them Another mourning Weed and confusion shall cover them when they shall see what God hath done to oblige and assist them toward their salvation and what they to the contrary have done to draw upon them their own damnation They shall tremble to see what God did for their good and that he did so much as he could do no more all which hath been mis-imployed and abused by themselves This is so clear and evident on the part of God Almighty that he calls men themselves as witnesses and Judges of the truth and therefore speaking under the Metaphor of a Vineyard by his Prophet Isay Isai 5. he saith in this manner Inhabitants of Jerusalem and men of Judah judge betwixt me and my Vineyard what ought I to have done more unto my Vineyard and have not done it And after the incarnation of the Son of God the Lord turns again to upbraid men with the same resentment and signifies more fully the multitude of his benefits under the same Metaphor of a Vineyard Mat. 21. which a man planted and so much cherished and esteemed it that he sent thither his onely Son who was slain in the demand of it Let therefore men enter into judgement against themselves and let them be judges whether God could have done more for them and has not done it they being still so ungrateful towards their Creatour as if he had been their enemy and done them some notorious injury Coming therefore to consider every one of these benefits by its self The first which occurs is that of the Creation which was signified by our Saviour Jesus Christ when he said that He planted a Vineyard and what could God do more for thee since in this one benefit of thy Creation he gave thee all what thou art both in soul and body If wanting an arm thou wouldest esteem thy self much obliged and be very thankful unto him who should bestow one upon thee which were sound strong and useful why art thou not so to God who hath given thee arms heart soul body and all Consider what thou wert before he gave thee a being Nothing and now thou enjoyest not onely a being but the best being of the Elemental world Philosophers say that betwixt being and not being there is an infinite distance See then what thou owest unto thy Creatour and thou shalt find thy debt to be no less than infinite since he hath not onely given thee a being but a noble being and that not by necessity but out of an infinite love and by election making choice of thee amongst an infinity of men possible whom he might have created If lots were to be cast amongst a hundred persons for some honourable charge how fortunate would he be esteemed who should draw the lot from so many Competitors behold then thy own happiness who from an absolute nothing hast light upon a being amongst an infinity of creatures possible And whence proceeds this singular favour but from God who out of those numberless millions hath pickt out thee leaving many others who if he had created them would have served him better than thy self See then what God could have done for thee and has not having chosen thee without any desert of thine from amongst so many and preferred thee before those whom he foresaw would have been more thankful Besides this he not onely created thee by election and gave thee a noble being but supernatural happiness being no way due unto thy nature he created thee for it and gave thee for thy end the most high and eminent that could be imagined to wit the eternal possession of thy Creatour It was enough for God to create thee for a natural happiness conformable to what thou wert but he not to leave any thing undone which he could do created thee for a supernatural blessedness in so much as there is no creature which hath a higher end then thy self See then if God could do more for thee and has not and see what thou oughtest to do
not Masters of time and the things which are in it but are as Stewards to account for it and them Being therefore to give a reason how we have employed them for the service of God Almighty let us not without reason abuse them for our own vain gust and pleasure CAP. V. How God even in this life passes a most rigorous Judgement ALl that we have hitherto spoken concerning the rigour of the Divine Tribunal before which the Soul is at the end of life to appear and to give an account unto his Redeemer is far short of what really is to be To the end therefore that we may conceive it something better I shall here propose the severity wherewith God executes his Judgements even in this life wherein he makes use of mercy that from thence we may collect the rigour of the other where he is onely to use his Justice Ezeck 7. By the Prophet Ezekiel he speaks unto his people thus I will pour out all my rage upon thee and will accomplish my fury in thee I will judge thee according to thy wayes and will lay forth all thy wickedness against thee my eyes shall not pardon thee neither will I have mercy I will charge thee with all thy misdeeds and thy abominations shall be in the middle of thee and thou shalt know that I am the Lord which smites And presently he adds My wrath shall be upon all the people the sword without and pestilence and famine within he who is in the field shall die by the sword and they who are in the City shall be devoured by pestilence and famine and they who flye shall save themselves and shall all remain in the Mountains as the Doves of the Valleys trembling in their iniquity their hands shall be disjoynted and their knees shall resolve into water for the great fear and amazement which God in his wrath shall send vpon them But it is not much that the Lord should deal thus with sinners who have forsaken their God since even against those who are desirous to do all for his honour he proceeds with much rigour Zach. 3. Let us see how the Prophet Zacharit sets forth unto us the High-Priest who then lived the Son of Josedeck as a lively representation of the Divine Judgement whom he makes to appear before an Angel who there exercised the Office of a Judge cloathed in foul and polluted Garments in so much as the Lord calls him a Brand taken out of the fire and Satan standing by his side to accuse him If then this great Priest zealous of the glory of God stood so dejected and confused in the presence of an Angel as he appeared as a black and burnt coal of hell in unclean and sooty Garments how shall a grievous Sinner and despiser of the Divine service appear before God himself But this is more fully signified in the Apocalyps where our Saviour himself pronounced judgement against the seaven Bishops of Asia who were then all alive and most of them esteemed great Servants of God and so holy as was St. Timothy the beloved Disciple of Paul St. Polycarp St. Quadratus St. Carpus St. Sagaris all in great opinion for sanctity and holiness of life Let us first behold in what manner our Saviour Christ appeared when he came to judge them and after let us consider the rigorous charge which he laid against them For the first to signifie that nothing could be hid or concealed from him he stood in the middest of seaven Candlesticks or of seaven Lamps like the Golden Candlestick in the Temple in each of which was a lighted Candle in his hand he held seaven Stars whose beams and splendour enlightned all about him and above all his face was as the Sun at midday in his greatest force which leaves not the least atome undiscovered In such a brightness of Candles Stars and Sun there was no shadow to give us to understand that nothing how little soever can be hidden from the all-seeing eyes of our most just Judge unto whom all things will appear clearly and distinctly as they are in themselves but not content with so many arguments of the evidence which he shall have of all offences he adds That the eyes of the Judge were as flaming fire more penetrating than the eyes of Lynceus to see and search into all things and to note also the rigour and severity wherewith he looks upon offences when he comes to judge them This certainly were sufficient of it self to set forth the rigour of his justice but to make it appear yet more terrible he declares it by another figure of a two-edged Sword which he held in his mouth to denote that the rigour of his works shall be greater than those of his words although his words themselves were as cutting swords In conclusion all was so full of terrour and threatning as although it nothing concerned St. John as being none of those who were to be judged yet it caused so great a fear and amazement in him that he fell as dead upon the ground If then St. John only beholding the wrathful countenance of our Lord not against himself but others with whom also he intended to use mercy it made his feet to fail and his pulses to remain without motion how shall it fare with that sinner who shall behold him all incensed against him and that at such a time when he is onely to use his justice I believe that if the Souls of Sinners were capable of death the terrour of that fight would bereave them of a thousand lives Let us now see what was found by those eyes of fire with which Christ so narrowly examined the works of those seaven Bishops who were such as he himself vouchsafes to call them Angels Truly he found much to reprehend in them that it might be verified which was spoken in Job that he found iniquity in his Angels Who would have thought that St. Timothy of whom the Apostle was so confident and of whom he made so great esteem should deserve that God should take away his Chair and deprive him of his Church of Ephesus yet Christ found him worthy of so great a chastisement and threatens to do it if he did not amend and complains that he was fallen from his former zeal exhorting him to do penance which certainly he performed as perceiving it very necessary for him Greater faults he found in the Bishop of Pergamus as also in him of Thiatira who was St. Carpus and in like manner exhorts them both to do penance And that it may appear how different are the judgements of God from those of men although the Bishop of Sardis was held by all for a most holy man that he had gained a great opinion of vertue and that he did many good works yet Jesus Christ found he was so far from being a Saint that he remained in mortal sin O holy good God who would not tremble that he who passed amongst men for
overwhelmed and themselves compell'd to escape the burning of their Country to struggle with the water and that which way soever they turned they perceived death still to follow them and were certain to perish What shall be then the streights and exigences of that general burning when those who shall escape Earthquakes Inundations of the Sea the fury of whirlwindes and lightning from Heaven shall fall into that universal Fire that Deluge of flames which shall consume all and make an end both of men and their memories Of those who lived before the Flood and were Masters of the World for so long a time except it be of some few which the Scripture mention we know nothing Those heroical actions which certainly some of them performed and gained by them incomparable fame lye buried in the waters and there remains no more memory of those who did them than if they had never been born No more permanent shall be the fame of those which now resounds in the ears of the whole World Cyrus Alexander Hannibal Scipio Caesar Augustus Plato Aristotle Hippocrates Euclid and the rest no more World no more Fame This Fire shall end all that smoke Nor is the World without convenient proportion to end in fire which is now so full of smoke There are few comparisons as hath been said in the beginning of this work which express better what the World is than that which St. Clement the Roman learned of St. Peter the Apostle who said the World was like a house full of smoke which in such manner blinds the eyes as it differs not those within it to see things as they are and so the World with its deceits so disguises the nature of humane things as we perceive not what they are Ambition and humane honour which the World so much dotes after are no more than smoke without substance which so blinds our understandings that we know not the truth of that we so much covet It is no marvail that so much smoke comes at last to end in flames The smoke of the Mountains Vesuvius and Aetna when it ends in fire and bursts forth into those innumerous flames hath amazed the World and rivers of fire have been seen to issue from their bowels Zon. In Tito Proc. l. 2. Vesuvius is near unto Naples and the fire hath sometimes sallyed forth with that impetuous violence that as grave Authors affirm the ashes have been seen in Constantinople and Alexandria And St. Augustine writes St. Aug. l. 3. de Civit. c. 31. that the ashes of Mount Aetna overwhelmed the City of Catanea and in our time when Vesuvius burst out the very flame of it terrified places far distant and secure And now lately in the year 1638. the third of July near the Island of St. Michael one of the Terceras the fire bursting out from the bottom of the Sea 150 fathomes deep and over-coming the weight of so huge a mass of water sent up his flames unto the clouds and made many places although far distant to tremble With what fury shen shall the general Conflagration of the World burst forth that part which shall issue forth of Hell and from beneath the Earth shall fill the World with ashes before it be involved in flames and when a crack of thunder or a flash of lightning amazes us so much that fire which falls from heaven what violence and noise shall it bring along with it Lot the Nephew of Abraham being secure in conscience and promised by the Angel of God that for his sake the City of Segor should not be burnt but that he might rest safe in it was notwithstanding so affrighted with the fire which fell upon other Cities in that Valley of Pentapolis that notwithstanding he saw it not yet he held himself not late but retired unto the Mountains What counsel shall sinners take in that extremity when their own Conscience shall be their accusors and when they shall behold the World all on fire about them whither shall they flye for safety when no place will afford it Shall they climb unto the Mountains thither the flames will follow them Shall they descend into the Valleys thither the fire will pursue them Shall they shut themselves up in strong Castles and Towns but there the wrath of God will assault them and that fire will pass their Fosses consume the Bulwarks and make an end both of them and their fortunes Besides the contempt of all things which the world esteems which we may draw from this general destruction of it by fire we may also perceive the abomination of sin since God to purifie the World from that uncleanness wherewith our offences have polluted it is resolved to cleanse it with fire as he anciently washt it with the waters of the Deluge Such are our sins that for being onely committed in the World the World it self is condemned to die what shall then become of those who sinned Less de perf div l. 13. c. 10. But from this so terrible a fire the Saints then alive shall be free that it may appear it was onely prepared for Sinners and that nothing can then avail but vertue and holiness The rich man shall not be delivered by his wealth nor the mighty by his power nor the crafty by his wiles onely the just shall be freed by his vertues none shall escape the terrour of that day by fast sailing ships or speed of horses the Sea it self shall burn and the fire shall overtake the swiftest Post onely holiness and charity shall defend the Servants of Christ unto whom the tribulations of those times shall serve to purifie their Souls by suffering that in this life with reward which they should otherwise have done for a time in the other without it Albertus Magnus observes the convenience of the two Elements by which God resolved twice to destroy the World The first by water against the fire of the flesh and heat of concupiscence which so inordinately tytannized over all vertue before the general Flood The second he hath appointed to be by fire against the coldness of charity which in those last dayes shall raign in the aged and decrepit World And as in the Deluge of waters onely the chaste Noah and his Wife who were most continent in Matrimony and his Sons and Daughters who observed chastity all the time they continued in the Ark escaped drowning so in that general fire of the World onely the Just who shall be replenished with charity shall be free from burning The Deluge of waters overwhelmed not him who was not burnt with the heat of carnal love neither shall the Deluge of fire destroy them who are enflamed with divine charity CAP. VIII How the World ought to conclude with so dreadful an end in which a general Judgment is to pass of all that is in it TO be subject to an end as hath been said were sufficient to breed in us a contempt of all things temporal for what is
and work stupendious wonders and being of a great and generous spirit confessed his fear saying as we have it from St. Paul Heb. 12. That he was terrified and trembled Let a man now consider how memorable was that day unto the Hebrew Nation wherein they saw such Visions heard such Thunders and felt such Earthquakes as it is no wonder that the great fear which fell upon them in that day of Prodigies made them think they could not live Yet was all this nothing in respect of the terrour of that great day wherein the Lord of Angels is to demand an account of the violation of the Law For after the sending far greater plagues than those of Egypt after burning in that Deluge of fire the Sinners of the world the Saints remaining still alive that that Article of our Faith may be literally fulfill'd From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead The Heavens shall open and over the Valley of Josaphat the Redeemer of the World attended by all the Angels of Heaven in visible forms of admirable splendour shall with a Divine Majesty descend to judge it Before the Judge shall be born his Standard Chrys Tom. 3. Serm. de Cruce which St. Chrysostome and divers other Doctors affirm shall be the very Cross on which he suffered Then shall the just such being the force and vigour of their spirits as will elevate their terrene and heavy bodies meet as the Apostle sayes their Redeemer in the Air who at his issuing forth of the Heavens shall with a voice that may be heard of all the world pronounce this his Commandment Arise ye dead and come unto Judgement Which shall be proclaimed by four Angels in the four Quarters of the World with such vehemence that the sound shall pierce unto the infernal Region from whence the Souls of the damned shall issue forth and re-enter their bodies which shall from thenceforward suffer the terrible torments of Hell The Souls also of those who died onely in Original sin shall come and possess again their bodies free from pain or torment and the Souls of the blessed filling their bodies with the four gifts of Glory shall make them more resplendent than the Sun and with the gift of agility shall joyn themselves with those just who remain alive in the Air in their passible bodies which being yet mortal and therefore not able to endure those vehement affections of the heart of joy desire reverence love and admiration of Christ shall then die and in that instant behold the Divine Essence after which their Souls shall be again immediately united to their bodies before they can be corrupted or so much as fall unto the ground and thence forward continue glorious for in the moment wherein they die they shall be purified from those noxious humours and qualities wherewith our bodies are now infected And therefore it was convenient they should first die that being so cleansed from all filth they might by the restitution of their blessed Souls receive the gifts of Glory Considering then the so different conditions of the Souls of men who can express the joy of those happy Souls when they shall take possession of their now glorious and beautiful bodies which were long since eaten by worms or wild beasts some four some five thousand years agoe turned into dust and ashes What thanks shall they give to God who after so long a separation hath restored them to their antient Companions What gratulations shall the Souls of them who lived in austerity and penance give unto their own bodies for the mortifications and rigours which they have suffered for the hair-shirts disciplines and fasts which they have observed To the contrary the Souls of the damned how shall they rage and curse their own flesh since to please and pamper it hath been the occasion of their torments and eternal unhappiness Which miserable wretches wanting the gift of agility and so not able of themselves to go unto the place of Justice shall be hurried against their wills by Devils all trembling and full of fear § 2. The Reprobates being then in the Valley of Josaphat and the Predestinate in the Air the Judge shall appear above Mount Olivet Zach. 1. unto whom the clouds shall serve as a Chariot and his most glorious body shall cast forth rayes of such incomparable splendour as the Sun shall appear but as a coal for even the Predestinate shall shine as the Sun but the light and brightness of Christ shall as far exceed them as the Sun does the least Star The which most admirable sight shall be yet more glorious by those thousand millions of excellent and heavenly spirits which shall attend him who having formed themselves acreal bodies of more or less splendour according to their Hierarchy and Order shall fill the whole space betwixt Heaven and Earth with unspeakable beauty and variety The Saviour of the World shall sit upon a Throne of great Majesty made of a clear and beautiful Cloud his countenance shall be most milde and peaceable towards the good and though the same most terrible unto the bad In the like manner out of his sacred wounds shall issue beams of light towards the just full of love and sweetness but unto sinners full of fire and wrath who shall weep bitterly for the evils which issue from them Psa 109. 1 Cor. 15. Phil. 2. So great shall be the Majesty of Christ that the miserable Damned and the Devils themselves notwithstanding all the hate they bear him shall yet prostrate themselves and adore him and to their greater confusion acknowledge him for their Lord and God And those who have most blasphemed and outraged him shall then bow before him fulfilling the promises of the eternal Father That all things should be subject unto him That he would make his enemies his footstool and That all knees should bend before him Here shall the Jews to their greater confusion behold him whom they have crucified and here shall the evil Christians see him whom they have again crucified with their sins here also shall the Sinners behold him in glory whom they have despised for the base trifles of the earth What an amazement will it be to see him King of so great Majesty who suffered so much ignominy upon the Cross and even from those whom he redeemed with his most precious blood What will they then say who in scorn crowned the sacred temples of the Lord with thorns put a Reed in his hand for a Scepter cloathed him in some old and broken Garment of purple buffeted and spit upon his blessed face And what will they then say unto whose consciences Christ hath so often proposed himself in all his bitter passion and painful death and hath wrought nothing upon them but a continuance of greater sins valuing his precious blood shed for their salvation no more than if it were the blood of a Tyger or their greatest enemy I know not how
at least mortifie our affections for what is promised us hereafter and because it is most agreeable to God and profitable for our selves as may appear by this story related by Glycas Glycas ex eo Rad. in Aula Sancta cap. 12. A certain Anchorite had lived forty years in the desert retired wholly from the world and applying himself with great observance of his profession to the salvation of his Soul A desire at last entred into his minde to know who in the world was equal to himself in mortification Whereupon he besought God to reveal it unto him and it pleased his Divine Majesty to grant his request and it was answered him from heaven that the Emperour Theodâ—sius notwithstanding that he was Master of the greatest glory of the World yet was neither inferiour unto him in humility nor in overcoming himself The Hermite with this answer moved by God repaired unto the Court where he found easie access unto the courteous and religious Emperour unto whom the Servants of God and such as were famous for sanctity of life were alwayes welcome Not long after he found means to speak unto him and know his holy exercises At first he onely acquainted him with common vertues That he gave large Alms That he wore hair-cloth That he fasted often That he observed conjugal chastity and That he caused justice to be exactly observed These vertues seemed well unto the Hermit especially in such a person but yet judged all this to be short of himself who had done those things with greater perfection For he had renounced all and given all he possessed for Christ which was more than to give almes he never knew woman in his life which was more than to observe conjugal chastity he never did injury or injustice unto any which was more than to cause it to be kept to others his hair-cloth and fasts from all sorts of dainties were continual which was more than to abstain some dayes from flesh Wherefore altogether unsatisfied he further importuned the Emperour beseeching him to conceal nothing from him That it was the Divine will that he should acquaint him with what he did and that therefore he was sent unto him from God The Emperour thus urged said unto him Know then that when I assist at the horse-courses and spectacles in the Circus where my presence is required I so withdraw my minde from those vanities that though my eyes be open I see them not The Hermit remained astonisht at so particular a mortification in so great an Emperour and perceived that Scepters and Purple could not hinder a devout Prince from mortification of his affections and meriting much with God Almighty Theodosius further added Know also that I sustain my self by my labour for I transcribe certain parchments into a fair hand which being sold the price payes for my food With this example of poverty amongst so much riches and temperance in the middest of so great dainties the Hermit was wholly amazed and learned that abstinence from ease and pleasures of this life was that which made this religious Prince so gracious and acceptable unto our Lord. Finally so perverse are the delights of the World that though lawful yet they hinder much our spiritual proficiency and if unlawful are the total ruine of our Souls § 4. What shall we then say of the Royal and Imperial dignity which seems in humane judgement to embrace all the happiness of the World Honours Riches Pleasures all are contained in it But how small is a Kingdom since the whole Earth in respect of the Heavens is no bigger than a point and certainly neither Honours Riches or Pleasures are greater or more secure than we have described them Let us hear St. Chrysostome speak of the Emperours of his time Hom. 66. ad pop Look not upon the Crown saith he but upon that tempest of cares which accompany it Fix not thy eyes upon the purple but upon the mind of the King more sad and dark than the purple it self The Diadem doth not more encompass his head than cares and suspicions his soul Look not at the Squadions of his Guard but at the Armies of molestations which attend him for nothing can be so full of cares as the Palaces of Kings Every day they expect not one death but many nor can it be said how often in the night their hearts tremble with some sodain fright and their souls almost seem to forsake their bodies and this in the time of peace But when a warre is kindled what life so miserable as theirs how many dangers happen unto them even from their Friends and Subjects The floor of the Royal Palace is drowned in the blood of their Kindred If I shall mention those which have happened heretofore and now of late thou wilt easily know them This suspecting his Wife tied her naked in the mountains and left her to be devoured by wild beasts after she had been a Mother of divers Kings What a life had that man it being impossible he should execute such a revenge unless his sick heart had been eaten and consumed with jealousie This put to death his onely Son This killed himself being taken by the Tyrant This murthered his Nephew after he had made him his companion in the Empire This his Brother who died by poison and his innocent Son ended his life onely for what he might have been Of those Princes which followed one of them was with his Slaves and Chariots miserably burnt alive and it is not possible for words to express the calamities which he was forced to endure And he which now raigns hath he not since he was crowned suffered many troubles dangers griefs and treasons but in Heaven it is not so After this manner St. Chrysostome paints forth the greatest fortune of the World the Imperial Majesty which must needs be little since it is so unhappy that it suffers not to enjoy those frail goods of the earth in security but makes the possessors oftentimes perish before them But it is far otherwise in Heaven the Palace and House of God where the just without mixture or counterpoise of misery are to enjoy those goods eternal as we shall see in its proper place Lastly let us learn from hence not to admire the greatness of this World nor to desire the benefit of it Which lesson was well taught by St. Spiridion unto his Disciple who accompanying him one time unto the Court of the Emperour suffered himself to be transported with those things which he beheld The greatness and lustre of the Court The rich Garments Jewels Pearls and precious Stones dazled the eyes of the raw and unexperienced youth but above all the sight of the Emperour seated in his Imperial Throne with so much splendour and greatness almost drew him besides himself St. Spiridion willing one day to correct his errour asked him as if he had not known it Which of those were the Emperour His Disciple not reaching his intention
him abhorring mankinde even unto the last gasp he commanded that his body should not be interr'd in the earth as in the common Element wherein usually were buried the bodies of others afraid lest his bones should lye near or be touched by men though dead but that they should make his Sepulcher upon the brink of the Sea that tho fury of the waves might hinder the approach of all others and that they should grave upon it this Epitaph which is related by Plutarch After my miserable life they buried me in this deep water Reader desire not to know my name The Gods confound thee This Philosopher wanted faith and charity not distinguishing betwixt the Malice of man and his Nature having reason to abhorre that and to love this Yet by these extravagant demonstrations he gave us to understand how monstrous are our passions and how worthy of hate when they are not ordered and governed by reason And certainly all Christians ought to desire the destruction of the pomp and pride of men as Timon did of their persons their superfluous gallantry their unlawful pleasures their ostentation of riches their vain titles of honour their raging envy their disordered choler their unjust revenges their unbridled passions Those ought to die and be destroyed that the men may live § 6. So many are the miseries of life that they cannot all be numbered Death which is called by Aristotle The greatest of evils is by many esteemed a lesser evil than life the many evils in this surpassing the greatness of the evil in that and therefore many have thought it better to suffer the greatest which is death than to suffer so many though lesser which are in life For this reason one calls Death The last and greatest Physician because though in it self it be the greatest evil yet it cures all others and therefore prescribes the hopes of it as an efficacious remedy and comfort in the afflictions of life But because this comfort is not relished by all the fear of death being so natural and the dangers and many waves unto it accounted amongst the many miseries of life therefore some prime Philosophers could find out no other remedy for evils than to despair of their remedy Wherefore Seneca when a great Earthquake happened in his time in Campania wherein Pompeios a famous City and divers other Towns were sunk and many people lost and the rest of the Inhabitants distracted with fear and and grief fled from their Country as if they had been banisht he advised them to return home and assured them that there was no remedy for the evils of this life and that the dangers of death were unavoidable And truly if well considered what security can there be in life when the Earth which is the Mother of the living is unfaithful to them and sprouts out miseries and deaths even of whole Cities what can be secure in the World if the World it self be not and the most solid parts of it shake If that which is onely immoveable and fixt for to sustain the living tremble with Earthquakes if what is proper to the Earth which is to be firm be unstable and betray us where shall our fears find a refuge When the roof of the house shakes we may flie into the fields but when the world shakes whither shall we goe What comfort can we have when fear cannot find a gate to flie out at Cities resist Enemies with the strength of their walls Tempests finde a sheltet in the Haven The covering of Houses defend us from rains and snows In the time of plague we may change places but from the whole Earth who can flie and therefore from dangers For this reason Seneca said Not to have a remedy may serve us as a comfort in our evils for Fear is foolish without Hope Reason banishes fear in those who are wise and in those who are not despair of remedy gives a kind of security at least takes away fear He that will fear nothing let him think that all things are to be feared See what slight things endanger us even those which sustain life lay ambushes for us Meat and drink without which we cannot live take away our lives It is not wisdom therefore to fear swallowing by an Earthquake and not to fear the falling of a tile In death all sorts of dyings are equal What imports it whether one single stone kills thee or a whole Mountain oppress thee death consists in the souls leaving of the bodies which often happens by slight accidents But Christians in all the dangers and miseries of humane life have other comforts to lay hold on which are a good conscience hope of glory conformity unto the Divine will and the imitation and example of Jesus Christ From these four he shall in life have merit in death security in both comfort and in eternity a reward Justus Lipsius being much oppressed with his last infirmity whereof he died some who were present endeavoured to comfort him with some philosophical reasons and sentences of the Stoicks wherein that most learned man was much studied as appears in his Book of the Introduction to Stoical learning unto whom he answered in this most Christian manner Vain are all those consolations and pointing unto an Image of Christ crucified said This is the true comfort and true patience And presently with a sigh which rose from the bottom of his heart said My Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ give me Christian patience This comfort we ought to have who were redeemed by so loving a Lord That considering our sins are greater than the pains of this life and that the Son of God hath suffered farre greater who wanted all sin he hath deserved to convert the miseries of this life which are occasioned by sin into instruments of satisfaction for our sins drawing health out of infirmity and an antidote out of poison We may also draw from what is said how unjust was the complaint of Theophrastus that nature had given a longer life unto many birds and beasts than unto man If our life were less troublesome he had some reason but it being so fraught with miseries he might rather think that life the happiest which was shortest Wherefore as St. Jerome said to Heliodorus it is better to die young and die well than to die old and die ill This voyage being of necessity the felicity of it consists not in being long but being prosperous and that we at last arrive in the desired Port. St. Austin sayes August in Johan that to die is to be eased of those heavy burthens which we bear in this life and that the happiness is not to leave it late in the evening of our age but that when we die they charge us not with a greater load Let a man live ten years or let him live a thousand death as St. Jerome saith gives him the title of happy or unfortunate If he live a thousand years in sorrow it is a great unhappiness
one day Whereupon St. Austin sayes Such is the beauty of righteousness Augus de libero arb 3. such the joy of that eternal light of that immutable truth and wisdom that although we were not to continue in it above one day yet for so short a time a thousand years in this life replenished with delights and abundance of all goods temporal were justly to be despised For it was not spoken amiss that Better is one day in thy Courts above a thousand So that whereas it is commonly said that for eternal joyes we ought to leave the temporal and frail goods of the earth which are short and transitory St. Austin sayes that if those of heaven were short and these of earth Eternal yet we ought to forsake these for those This is confirmed by that which is written by Thomas de Cantiprato and others Lib. 2. c. 57. N. 67. That the Devil being demanded by an Exorcist what he would suffer to see God answered That he would suffer all that the damned in hell Men and Devils were to suffer until the day of Judgement onely that he might enjoy the sight of him but for some short time How can we then complain of the short troubles of this life which are to be recompenced with the clear vision of God for ever when his professed Enemy would suffer so much onely to enjoy it for an insant Cato having onely read that discourse of Socrates concerning immortality thought it nothing to part with this life and tear his bowels in pieces that he might enjoy that eternal liberty of the Soul freed from the incumbrances and oppressions of the Body Jo. Herol in Promp Exem Heroldus writes that Frier Jordan General of the holy Order of the preaching Friers exorcizing a possest person the Devil amongst other answers to his demands told him That he had never seen the face of God but onely during the twinkling of an eye and that to see it so much longer he would willingly suffer all the pains of his companions until the day of Judgement Frier Jordan remained astonished at this answer and recalling himself a little he said unto him Thou hast said well But declare me his beauty by some similitude or representation Thou hast moved a foolish question replied the Spirit for there is no expressing of it But to give some satisfaction to thy desire I say that if the beauties of all Creatures Heavens Earth Flowers Pearls and all other things that can give any delight to the sight were all comprised in one onely thing if every one of the Stars yielded as much light as the Sun and the Sun shined as bright as all they together all this united so together would be in respect of the beauty of God Almighty as a dark pitchy night in respect of the clearest and brightest day Where by the way it is to be observed that the Devils never saw God clearly as the Angels in glory now behold him but onely by the excellency of their nature attained to some particular and advantagious knowledge of his beauty and divine perfections and joy which resulted from that knowledge And if to enjoy that once again for so short a time they would endure those torments for so long a space what shall it be to behold him clearly in his glory Certainly to be rosted pluckt in pieces with pincers to be burnt alive for a thousand years were well employed to enjoy that felicity but for a day What shall it be to possess it for an eternity when the joy also of each day shall be equivalent to many years Joh. Major Ex. 14. Ex Coll. Psal 89. Wherefore Johannes Major reports that a certain Monk being at Mattins with the other Religious of his Monastery and coming to that verse of the Psalm where it is said A thousand years in the presence of God are but as yesterday which is already past began to imagine with himself how it might be possible and remaining in the Quire as his manner was after the end of Mattins to perfect his devotions he humbly besought the Lord to grant him the true understanding of that place which he had no sooner done but he perceived a little Bird in the Quire that with flying up and down before him by little and little with her most melodious singing insensibly drew him forth of the Church into a Wood not farre off where pearching her self upon a bough she for some short time as it seem'd to him continued her musick to the unspeakable delight of the Monk and then flew away leaving him by her absence no less sad and pensive But seeing she came no more he returned back thinking he had left his Monastery the same morning immediately after Mattins and that it was now about the third hour but coming to the Convent which was near the Wood he found the Gate by which he was accustomed to enter to be mured up and another opened in some other part where calling upon the Porter he was demanded Who he was From whence he came and What was his business He answered that he was the Sacristan of the Church and that having that morning gone abroad after Mattins he found all things at his return changed The Porter demanded of him the name of the Abbot the Prior the Procurator He named them all and wondered he was neither understood nor permitted to enter and why they feigned not to know those Religious whom he mentioned and desired to be brought to the Abbot but coming into his presence neither the Abbot knew him nor he the Abbot whereat the good Monk being much astonished knew not what to say or do The Abbot asked him his name and that of his Abbot and turning the Annals of the Monastery found it was more than three hundred years since the death of those persons which he named Whereupon the Monk making a relation of what had happened unto him concerning the Psalm they acknowledged him and admitted him as a Brother into their profession where having received the Sacraments of the Church he with much peace ended his dayes in our Lord. If the pleasure of one sense did so ravish the Soul of this Servant of God what shall it be when not onely the hearing but the light smell taste the whole body and soul shall be drowned in joyes proportionable to the senses of the one and power of the other If the musick of a little Bird did so transport him what shall the musick of Angels what shall the clear vision of God what shall God himself doe when he makes oftentation if so may say of his omnipotency For as Assuerus who raigned from India to Aethiopia over 170 Provinces made a great Feast for all his Princes which lasted 181 dayes So shall this King of Heaven and Earth make his great Supper of glory which shall last for all eternity for the setting forth of his Majesty and for the honour and entertainment of his Servants where
to the Common-wealth known to posterity But in Heaven there is no need of this artifice because those who are there honoured are immortal and shall have in themselves some character engraved as an evident and clear testimony of their noble Victories and Atchievements The honour of the Just in Heaven depends not like that of the Earth upon accidents and reports nor is exposed to dangers or measured by the discourse of others but in it self contains its own glory and dignity Cuiac ad tit de dignit The dignities in the Roma Empire as may be gathered from the Civil Law were four expressed by these four Titles Perfectissimus Clariffimus Spectabilis Illustris most Perfect most Clear Specious and Illustrious These Honours were onely in name and reputation not in substance and truth For He was often called most perfect who was indiscreet foolish passionate and imperfect He most clear who had neither clearness nor serenitity of understanding but was infected with dark and obscure vices Those specious and beautiful from whom a man would flye twenty leagues rather than behold them and those illustrious who were enveloped in the darkness of vice and ignorance without the least light of vertue That we may therefore see the difference betwixt the honours of Heaven and those of the Earth which are as farre distant from one another as truth from falsehood we must know that in Heaven the Blessed are not onely called most Perfect but really are so both in soul and body without the least imperfection or defect are not onely called most Clear but are so each one being adorned with that gift of brightness that they shall cast out beams more clear than the Sun and if the Sun be the most bright thing in nature what shall they be who seaventimes out-shine it Nor shall they be onely said to be spectabilis or specious and worthy to be looked upon but their beauty and comeliness shall be such as shall not onely draw the eyes of all to behold them but shall stirre up their affections to love and admire them In the like manner they shall not be titularly but really Illustrious for every one with his own light shall be sufficient to illustrate and enlighten many Worlds If one onely false title of those which are truely enjoyed by the Blessed were capable of making the Roman Empire to respect and honour the possessor what shall the truth and substance of them all do in Heaven 1 Mac. 2. With reason did Mathathias call the glory of this World dung and filth because all honours and dignities of the Earth in respect of those in Heaven are base vile and despicable What greater honour than to be Friends of God Sons Heirs and Kings in the Realm of Heaven Apoc. 4. St. John in his Apocalyps sets forth this honour of the blessed in the 24 Elders who were placed about the Throne of God and in that Honour and Majesty as every one was seared in his presence and that upon a Throne cloathed in white and lucid Garments in signe of their perpetual joy and crowned with a crown of Gold in respect of their dignities To be covered in the presence of Kings is the greatest honour they conferre upon the chiefest Grandees but God causes his Servants to be crowned and seated upon Thrones before him and our Saviour in the Day of Judgement makes his Disciples his fellow Judges §. 4. Certainly greater honour cannot be imagined than that of the Predestinate For if we look upon him who honours It is God If with what With no less joy than his own Divinity and other most sublime gifts If before whom Before the whole Theater of Heaven now and in the Day of Judgement before Heaven Earth Angels Men and Devils If the continuance For all eternity If the titles which he gives them it is the truth and substance of the things not the empty word and vain name By all this may appear the cause why eternal happiness being a mass and an assembly of all goods imaginable yet is called by way of excellence by the name of Glory because that although it contain all pleasures contents joyes riches and what can be defired yet it seems the Glory and honour which God bestows upon the Just exceeds all the other The honour which God gives in Heaven to glorious Souls may be seen by that which he gives to their worm-eaten bones upon Earth whereof St. Chrysostom speaks these words Where is now the Sepulcher of the great Alexander In 2. ad Corinth Hom. 26. shew it me I beseech thee and tell me the day whereon he died The Sepulchers of the Servants of Christ are so famous that they possess the most Royal and Imperial City of the World and the day whereon they died is known and observed as festival by all The Sepulcher of Alexander is unknown even to his own Countrymen but that of these is known to the very Barbarians Besides the Sepulchers of the Servants of Christ excell in splendor and magnificence the Palaces of Kings not onely in respect of the beauty and sumptuousness of their buildings wherein they also exceed but which is much more in the reverence and joy of those who repair unto them For even he who is clothed in Purple frequents their Tombs and humbly kisses them and laying aside his Majesty and Pomp supplicates their prayers and assistance with God Almighty he who wears the Diadem taking a Fisherman and a Maker of Tents for his Patrons and Protectors What miracles hath not God wrought by the Reliques of his Servants and what prodigies have not been effected by their bodies St. Chrysostome writes of St. Juventius Chrysost in Serm. de Juven Max. Sever. in Ep. ad Socrum and St. Maximus that their bodies after death cast forth such beams of light that the eyes of those who were present were not able to suffer them Sulpicius Severus writes of St. Martin that his dead body remained in a manner glorified that his flesh was pure as Chrystal and white as milk What wonders did God work by the bodies of St. Edward the King and St. Francis Xavier preserving them incorrupted for so many years and if he do those great things with their Bodies who are under the Earth what will he do with their Souls which are above the Heavens and what with them both when their glorious Bodies shall arise and after the Day of Judgement united to their Souls enter in triumph into the holy and eternal City of God CAP. III. Of the Riches of the eternal Kingdom of Heaven THe Riches in Heaven are no less than the Honours though those as hath been said are inestimable There can be no greater riches than to want nothing which is good nor to need any thing which can be desired and in that blessed life no good shall fall nor no desire be unsatisfied And if as the Philosophers say he is not rich who possesseth much
that it may not onely be said to be joyful but joy it self The multitude of joyes in Heaven is joyned with their greatness and so great they are that the very least of them sufficient to make us forget the greatest contents of the Earth and so many they are as that though a thousand times shorter yet they would exceed all temporal pleasures though a thousand times longer but joyning the abundance of those eternal joyes with their immense greatness that eternal B iss becoms ineffable Wherefore St. Bernard sayes The reward of Saints is so great that it cannot be measured so numerous that it cannot be counted so copious that it cannot be ended and so precious that it cannot be valued Albert. Mag. in Comp. Theol. l. 7. c. 8. 1 Cor. 2. Isai 64. And Albertus Magnus to the same purpose So great are the joyes of Heaven that all the Arithmaticians of the Earth cannot number them The Geometricians cannot measure them nor the most learned men in the world explicate them because neither eye hath seen nor ear hath heard neither hath it entred into the heart of man what God hath prepared for those who love him The Saints shall rejoyce in what is above them which is the vision of God in what is below them which is the beauty of Heaven and other corporal Creatures in what is within them which is the glorification of their bodies in what is without them which is the company of Angels and men God shall feast all their spiritual senses with an unspeakable delight for he shall be their object and shall also be a mirrour to the sight musick to the ear sweetness to the taste balsam to the smell flowers to the touch There shall be the clear light of Summer the pleasantness of the Spring the abundance of Autumn and the repose of Winter §. 2. The principal joy of the Blessed is in the possession of God whom they behold clearly as he is in himself For as Honourable Profitable and Delectable according to what we have already said are not divided in Heaven so the blessed Souls have three gifts essential and inseparable from that happy state which correspond to those three kinds of blessings which the Divines call Vision Comprehension and Fruition The first consists in the clear and distinct sight of God which is given to the Just as a reward of his merits by which he receives an incomparable honour since his works and vertues are rewarded in the presence of all the Angels with no less a Crown and recompence than is God himself The second is the possession which the Soul hath of God as of his riches and inheritance And the third is the ineffable joy which accompanies this sight and possession The greatness of this joy no tongue can tell and I believe that neither the Blessed themselves who have experience of it nor the Angels of Heaven are able to declare it Yet it will not be amiss if we as much as our ignorance and rudeness is able to attain unto consider and admire it This joy hath two singular qualities by which we may in some sort conceive the immensity of it The first that it is so vigorous and powerful that it excludes all evil pain and grief This onely is so great a good that many of the Philosophers held it for the chief felicity of man Cicero de Fin. 5. Tuscul And therefore Cicero writes that Jeronymus Rhodius a famous Philosopher and a great Master to whom may be joyned Diodorus the Peripatetick speaking of the chief happiness of man taught that it consisted in being free from grief It being the opinion of those Philosophers that not to suffer pain or evil was the greatest and most supreme good But herein was their errour that they judged that to be the good it self which was but an effect and consequent of it For so powerful is that love and joy which springs from the clear vision of God that it is sufficient to convert hell into glory in so much as if to the most tormented Soul in hell were added all the torments of the rest of the Damned both Men and Devils and that God should vouchsafe him but one glympse of his knowledge that only clear vision though in the lowest degree were sufficient to free him from all those evils both of sin and pain So that his Soul being rapt by that ineffable beauty which he beheld would not be sensible of any grief at all O how potent a joy is that which cast into such an abyss of torments converts them all into consolations How mighty were that fire whereof one spark would consume the whole Ocean There is no joy in this World so intense which can suspend the grief we suffer from a finger that is in sawing off Griefs do more easily bereave us of the sense of pleasure than pleasures do of pains Yet such is the greatness of that soveraign joy in Heaven that it alone is sufficient to drown all the griefs and torments both in Earth and Hell and there is no pain in the World able to diminish the least part of it The other stupendious wonder which proceeds from the greatness of this joy is the multitude of those pleasures which as from a most fruitful root spring from it Who would not be astonisht that the happiness of the Soul should cause so many and so marvelous effects in the bodies of the Blessed So excellent is that beatifical vision which with ineffable joy possesses the spirit that it bursts forth into the body with all the evident demonstrations of beauty lustre and the other gifts of glory We see here that the heart is not able so farre to dissemble a great joy conceived as that it appears not by some signe in the body but that joy is so weak and feeble that it extends no further than to express some little chearfulness and mirth in the countenance But the beatifical Vision is so immense a joy that it wholly changes the body making it beautiful as an Angel resplendent as the Sun immortal as a Spirit and impassible as God himself working great miracles and prodigies in the body by the redundancie of that unspeakable comfort which the spirit feels O if one could place before the eyes of the World the body of some blessed Saint enendowed with the four gifts of glory full of clearness splendor and beauty casting forth a fragrancy infinitely more sweet unto the senses than that of Musk and Amber that men might see by this shadow how immense is that light and joy which thus illustrates and beautifies the flesh O mortals why do ye covet other pleasures with loss of Soul and Body and do not rather seek after these with the profit and glory of both O how different are temporal delights from eternal those especially if they be unlawful blemish and destroy the Soul and weaken and corrupt the body but these beautifie and embellish them both
conferring perfect happiness upon the Soul and beauty and immortality upon the Body § 3. Finally all those joyes of the Blessed both in Soul and Body which are innumerable have their sourse and original from that unspeakable joy of the clear vision of God And how can the joy be less which proceeds from such a cause who gives himself being the sweetness and beauty of the world to be possessed by man that joy being the very same which God enjoyes and which suffices to make God himself blessed with a blessedness equal to himself Wherefore not without great mystery in those words by which our Saviour admits the faithful into Heaven it is said Enter into the joy of thy Lord. he said not simply into joy but to determine the greatness of it sayes it was his own joy that joy by which he himself becomes happy and truly the immensity of this joy could not better be declared We are therefore to consider that there is nothing in this World which hath not for his end some manner of perfection and that those things which are capable of reason and knowledge have in that perfection a particular joy and complacencie which joy is greater or lesser according as that end is more or less perfect Since therefore the Divine perfection is infinitely greater than that of all the Creatures the joy of God which is in himself for he hath no end not perfection distinct from himself is infinitely greater than that of all things besides This joy out of his infinite goodness and liberality he hath been pleased to make the holy Angels and blessed Souls partakers of communicating unto the Just although no wayes due unto their nature his own proper and special felicity And therefore the joy of Saints which is that of the beatifical vision wherein consists the joy and happiness of God must needs be infinite and unutterable and all contents of this World in respect of it are bitter as alloes gall and wormwood Besides by how much a delectable object is more nearly and straightly united to the faculty by so much greater is the joy and delight which it produces Therefore God who is the most excellent and delightful object being in the beatifical vision united to the Soul with the most intimate union that can be in a pure creature must necessarily cause a most inexplicable joy incomparably greater than all the joyes real or imaginable which can be produced either by the Creatures now existent or possible For as the Divine perfection incloseth within it self all the perfections of things created possible and imaginable so the joy which it causes in the Souls of the Blessed must be infinitely greater than all other joyes which either have or can be caused by the Creature If the Greeks warred ten years and lost so much blood for the beauty of Helen And if it seemed a small thing unto Jacob to serve fourteen years a Slave for that of Rachel what trouble can seem great unto us to enjoy God in comparison of whose beauty all which the World affords is but deformity Absolon and Adonis were most beautiful and with their very sight drew love and admiration from their beholders But it looking upon Absolon another ten times more lovely should appear we should quickly leave to gaze upon Absolon and fix our eyes upon the other and if a third should come a hundred times more graceful than the second we should serve the second in the same manner and our eyes and delight would still follow him who was the most agreeable God being then infinitely more beautiful than we can either see or think and although he should create some other Creature ten hundred thousand times more beautiful than these we know yet that and one another million of times exceeding it would both fall infinitely short of God himself especially that beauty not being alone but accompanied with perfections without limit with an infinite wisdom omnipotence holiness liberality bounty and all that can be imagined good beautiful and perfect which must necessarily force the hearts of those who see him although before his enemies to love and adore him Which is an other proof of the joy which springs from the beatifical vision in regard it works so powerfully upon the will of him that enjoyes it that it compels it by an absolute necessity to a most intense love although it had before detested it because the joy must equalize the love which it caused It there were in the World a Man as wise as an Angel we should all desire to see him as the Queen of Saba did Salmon but if to this wisdom were joyned the strength of Hercules or Sampson the victories of Machabeus or Alexander the affability and curtesie of David the friedliness of Jonathan the liberality of the Emperour Titus and to all this the beauty and comeliness of Absolon who would not love and desire to live and converse with this admirable person Why then do we not love and desire the sight of God in whom all those perfections and graces infinitely above these are united which also we our selves if we serve him are to enjoy as if they were our own O how great and delightful a Theater shall it be to see God as he is with all his infinite perfections and the perfections of all Creatures which are eminently contained in the Deity How admirable were that spectacle where were represented all that are or have been pleasant or admirable in the World If one were placed where he might behold the seaven Wonders of the World the sumptuous Banquets made by Assuerus and other Persian Kings the rare Shews and Feasts exhibited by the Romans the pleasant Trees and savoury Fruits of Paradise the Wealth of Craesus David and the Assyrian and Roman Monarchs and all those joyntly together who would not be transported with joy and wonder at so admirable a sight but more happy were he upon whom all these were bestowed together with the assurance of a thousand years of life wherein to enjoy them Yet all this were nothing in respect of the eternal sight of God in whom those and all the perfections that either are or have been or possibly can be are contained What ever else is great and delightful in the World together with all the pleasures and perfections that all the men in the World have obtained or shall obtain to the World's end all the wisdom of Salomon all the sciences of Plato and Aristotle all the strength of Aristomenes and Milo all the beauty of Paris and Adonis if they should give all these things to one person it would have no comparison and would seem to be a loathsome thing being compared onely to the delight which will be enjoyed in seeing God for all eternity because in him onely will be seen a Theater of Bliss and Greatness wherein are comprised as in one the greatness of all creatures In him will be found all the richness of Gold the delightfulness
danger But this Celestial happiness being eternal neither shall nor can end diminish or be endangered but with this security adds a new joy unto those others of the Saints §. 2. Besides the Powers of the Soul the Senses also shall live nourished with the food of most proportionable and delightful objects The eyes shall ever be recreated with the sight of the most glorious and beautiful Bodies of the Saints One Sun suffices to chear up the whole World What joy then shall one of the Blessed conceive in beholding as many Suns as there are Saints and in seeing himself one of them when his hands feet and the rest of his members shall all forth beams clearer than the Sun at midday how shall he be transported in beholding the Body of the holy Virgin our most blessed Lady more beautiful and resplendent than the light of all the Saints together When Saint Dionysius Arcopagita beheld her in a mortal Body she seemed unto him as if she had been in glory With what joy then and gladness shall we look upon her in Heaven clad with immortality Hester 2. Of Hester the holy Scripture tells us that she was incomparably beautiful and of most rare features ravishing the eyes of all and exceedingly amiable With how fat greater excellency will the Queen of Heaven appear full of all graces and priviledges of beauty in the happy state of glory But above all with what content and admiration shall we behold the glorious Body of Christ our Redeemer in comparison of whose splendor that of all the Saints shall be as darkness from whose wounds shall issue forth raies of a particular brightness The tormented members also of the Martyrs and the mortified parts of the Confessors shall flourish with a singular beauty and splendour Besides all this the glory and greatness of the Empyrial Heaven and the lustre of that Celestial City shall infinitely delight the blessed Citizens The ears shall be fill'd with most harmonious songs and musick as may be gathered from many places of the Apocalyps and if the Harp of David delighted Saul so much as it asswaged the fury of his passions cast forth the Devils and treed him of that melancholy whereof the wicked spirit made use and that the Lyre of Orpheus wrought such wonders both with men and beasts what shall the harmony of Heaven do The devout Virgin Donna Sancha Carillo being sick and ready to die with excessive pain Roa l. 1. c. 10. in ejus vita with the hearing of musick from Heaven was freed from her grief and remained sound and healthy St. Bonaventure writes of St. Francis that whilest an Angel touched his Instrument it seemed unto him that he was already in glory What delight then will it be not onely to hear the voice of one Instrument played upon by an Angel but also the voices of thousands of Angels together with the admirable melody of musical Instruments The singing of one little Bird only ravished an holy Monk for the space of three hundred years when as he perswaded himself they being past that there were no more than three hours past What sweetness will it be to heat so many heavenly Musicians those millions of Angels so many men which will be sounding forth their Alleluja's which holy Tobie mentioned and those Virgins singing a new song which none but they could sing Surius writes in the life of St. Nichalas Tolentine that for fix moneths before his death he heard every night a little before Mattins most melodious musick of Angels in which he had a taste of that sweetness which God had prepared for him in his glory and such joy and comfort he received by hearing it that he was wholly transported desiring nothing more than to be freed from his Body to enjoy it The same desired St. Austin when he said Aug. c. 25. med that all the employments all the entertainments of the Courtiers in Heaven consisted in praises of the Divine Majesty without end without weariness or trouble Happy were I and for ever happy if after death I might deserve to hear the melody of those songs which the Citizens of that Celestial habitation and the squadrons of those blessed spirits sing in praise of the eternal King This is that sweet musick which St. John heard in the Apocalyps when the Inhabitants of Heaven sang Let all the world bless thee O Lord To thee be given all honour and dominion for a world of worlds Amen The smell shall be feasted with the odour which issues from those beautiful Bodies more sweet than Musk or Amber and from the whole Heaven more fragrant than Jesemins or Roses Greg. l. 4. dialog c. 16. Hom. 38. in Evang. Turonen li. 7. histo Fran. St. Gregory the Great writes that Christ our Redeemer appearing unto Tarsilla his Sister cast forth so delicious a smell and fragrancy that it well appeared it could not proceed but from the Author of all sweetness St. Gregory of Tours writing of the holy Abbot St. Sylvius sayes that when he was dead there was so great sadness in the Monastery for the loss of him that our Lord was pleased to command that he should be restored to life again The Saint obeyed though with great resentment of what he left and whither he returned He bewailed his banishment with a fresh and lively memory of that Celestial Country where he had seen himself a little before with so great advantage The Monks pressed him very hard to declare unto them something of of what he had seen He told them I my dear Bretheren mounted up to the land of the living where I had the Sun Moon and Starres for my footstool with greater splendour and beauty than if it had been paved with silver and gold being placed in the seat deputed for me I was replenished with an odour of so singular sweetness that it alone hath been sufficient to banish all appetites or desires of the things of this life in so much that I neither desired to eat nor drink any thing to maintain it Baron To. 9. an 716 Baronius reports of one who raised from death amongst other things recounted That he had seen a most delightful place where an infinite number of most beautiful persons did recreate themselves and that there issued from them a most fragrant and miraculous sweetness and this the Angels told him was the Paradise of the Sons of God Greg. l. 4. Dial. The like is reported also by St. Gregory of a certain Souldier Neither is it much that glorious Bodies should breath out so sweet a smell since even in this valley of misery the Bodies of Saints without life or soul have sent forth a most admirable fragrancy St. Gregory the Great writes that at the instant Greg. 4. Dial. c. 14. when Sr. Servius died all who were present were filled with a most incomparable sweetness St. Jerome reports the like of St. Hilarion that ten moneths after his death
the light and beauty which he beheld that his heart not being able to contain it it struck forth into his face with a divine brightness what joy shall the blessed Souls receive from the sight of God himself when they shall behold him as he is face to face not in passage or a moment but for all eternity This joy by reason of their strict union their Souls shall communicate unto their happy Bodies Albert. Mag. in Comp. Theol. l. 7. c. 38. which from thenceforth shall be filled with glory and invested with a light seaven times brighter than that of the Sun as is noted by Albertus Magnus For although it be said in the Gospel that the Just shall shine as the Sun yet Isaias the Prophet sayes that the Sun in these dayes shall shine seaven times more than it now doth This light being the most beautiful and excellent of corporal qualities shall cloath the Just as with a garment of most exceeding lustre and glory What Emperor was ever clad in such a purple what humane Majesty ever cast forth beams of such splendour Joseph l. 19. c. 〈◊〉 Herod upon the day of his greatest magnificence could only cloath himself in a Robe of silver admirably wrought which did not shine of it self but by reflection of the Sun beams which then in his rising cast his raies upon it and yet this little glittering was sufficient to make the people salute him as a God What admiration shall it then cause to behold the glorious Body of a Saint not cloathed in Gold or Purple not adorned with Diamonds or Rubies but more resplendent than the Sun it self Put all the brightest Diamonds together all the fairest Rubies all the most beautiful Carbuncles let an Emperial Robe be embroidered with them all all this will be no more than as coals in respect of a glorious body which shall be all transparent bright and resplendent far more than if it were set with Diamonds O the basenese of worldly riches they all put together could not make a Garment so specious and beautiful If here we account it for a bravery to wear a Diamond Ring upon our fingers and women glory in some Carbuncle dangling at their breasts what shall it be to have our hands feet arid breasts themselves more glorious and resplendent than all the Jewels of the World The Garments which we wear here how rich soever are rather an affront and disgrace unto us than an ornament since they argue an imperfection and a necessity of our bodies which we are forced to supply with something of another mature Besides our cloathes were given as a mark of Adams fall in Paradise and we wear them as a penance enjoyned for his Sin And what fool so impudent and sottish as to bestow precious trimming upon a penitential Garment But such are not the Ornaments of the Saints in Heaven their lustre is their own not borrowed from their Garments not extrinsecal without them but within their very entrails each part of them being more transparent than Chrystal and brighter than the Sun It is recounted in the Apocalyps as a great wonder that a Woman was seen cloathed with the Sun and crowned with twelve Stars This indeed was far more glorious than any Ornament upon Earth where we hold it for a great bravery to be adorned with twelve rich Diamonds and a Carbuncle and what are those in comparison of the Sun and so many Stars Yet this is short of the Ornament of the Saints whose lustre is proper to themselves intrinsecally their own not taken and borrowed from something without them as was that of the Womans The State and Majesty with which this gift of splendor shall adorn the Saints shall be incomparably greater than that of the mightiest Kings It were a great Majesty in a Prince when he issues forth of his Palace by night to be attended by a thousand Pages each having a lighted Torch but were those Torches Stars it were nothing to the state and glory of a Saint in Heaven who carries with him a light equal to that of the Sun seaven times doubled and what greater glory than not to need the Sun which the whole World needs Where the Just is shall be no night for wheresoever he goes he carries the day along with him What greater authority can there be than to shine far brighter than the Sun carrying with him far greater Majesty than all the men of the Earth could be able to conferre upon him if they went accompanying him carrying lighted Torches in their hands St. Paul beholding the gift of Clarity in the humanity of Christ remained for some dayes without sense or motion And St. John onely beholding it in the face of our Saviour fell down as if dead his mortal eyes not being able to endure the lustre of so great a Majesty St. Peter because he saw something of it in the transfiguration of Christ was so transported with the glory of the place that he had a desire to have continued there for ever Neither was this much in Christ since the people of Israel were not able to suffer the beams which issued from the face of Moses though then in a frail and mortal body Caesar lib. 12. mir cap. 54. Caesarius writes of a great Doctor of the University of Paris who being ready to give up his ghost wondered how it could be possible that Almighty God could make his body composed of dust to shine like the Sun But our Lord being pleased to comfort and strengthen him in the belief of the Article of the Resurrection caused so great a splendor to issue forth of the feet of the sick person that his eyes not being able to suffer so great a splendor he was forced to hide them under his Bed-cloathes But much more is it that in bodies already dead this glory should appear The body of St. Margaret Daughter to the King of Hungary sent forth such beams of light that they seemed to be like those of Heaven The splendor also of other dead bodies of the Saints hath been such that mortal eyes were not able to behold them If then this Garment of light do beautifie those dead bodies without souls how shall it illustrate those beautiful and perfect bodies in Heaven who are alive and animated with their glorious spirits for all eternity St. John Damascen said that the light of this inferiour World was the honour and ornament of all things How shall then the immortal light of that eternal glory deck and adorn the Saints for it shall not onely make them shine with that bright candor we have already spoken of but with diversity of colours shall imbellish some particular parts more than others In the Crowns of Virgins it shall be most white in that of Martyrs red in that of Doctors of some particular brightness Neither shall those marks of glory be only in their heads or faces but in the rest of their members And therefore
Prosperous and the Lovers of the World who are those which for the most part people Hell The Prophet Baruch sayes Baruc. 3. Where are the Princes of the Nations which commanded over the beasts of the earth and sported with the birds of the air which store up silver and gold in which men put their trust and there is no end of their seeking who stamp and work silver who are sollicitous and their works are not found They are exterminated they have sunk down into hell Jac. 5. and others have risen in their places St. James sayes Weep you who are rich and lament the miseries which are to fall upon you St. Paul not onely threatens those who are rich but those who desire to be so saying Those who desire to be rich fall into the snare and temptation of the Devil 1 Tim. 6. and into many unprofitable and hurtful desires which drown them in death and perdition With this counterpoise then and hazard who would desire the wealth of the World since onely the desire of it is so poisonous Let those who dote upon the World hear St. Bernard Bernard in Medit. who sayes Tell me now Where are those lovers of the world who a little while agoe were here with us there is nothing remaining of them but dust and worms Mark diligently what they once were and what they now are They were men as thou now art they did eat drink laugh and pass away their times in mirth and jollity and in a moment of time sunk down into hell Here are their Bodies eaten by worms and their Souls condemned to eternal flames until united again they both shall sink together into everlasting fire that so those who were companions in sin may be also in torments and that one pain involve them who were consorts in the love of the same offence What did their vain glory profit them their short mirth their worldly power their fleshly pleasure their false riches their numerous families where is now their laughter their jests their boasting their arrogance how great shall be their sorrow when such misery shall succeed so many pleasures when from the height of humane glory they shall fall into those grievous torments and eternal ruine where according to what the Wise-man said the mighty shall be mightily punished If then those who most enjoy the World run the greatest hazard of being damned what can more induce us to the contempt of it than the consideration of so lamentable an end And what can more set forth the malice of temporal goods than to be the occasion of eternal evils If a curious built house be subject to some notable inconveniency no man will dwell in it if a couragious horse have some vitious quality no body will buy him and if a Chrystal cup have a crack it shall not be placed upon a Royal Cupboard yet the pleasures and goods of the World though subject to all those faults how are they coveted loved and sought after and in them our perdition Certainly if we should consider seriously the eternal evils which correspond to the short pleasures of this life we should have all humane felicity in horrour and trembling to see our selves in fortunes favour should flye from the world as from death The reverend and zealous Father Frier Jordan being desirous to convert a certain Cavalier to God and from the love of the world for his last remedy had recourse unto this consideration Seeing him a beautiful young man active and well disposed of body he said unto him At least Sir since God hath bellowed so comely a face and personage upon you think what pity it were they should be the food of eternal fire and burn without end The Gentleman reflected upon his advice and this consideration wrought so much with him that abhorring the world and quitting all his possessions and hopes he became poor in Christ and entred into Religion §. 2. Let us now come to the consideration of Eternal Evils that from thence we may despise all which is temporal be it good or bad The evils of Hell are truly evils and so purely such that they have no mixture of good In that place of unhappiness all is eternal sorrow and complaint and there is no room for comfort Aelian lib. 3. varia Hist c. 18. Aelian relates a History which being taken as a Parable may serve to illustrate what we are about to speak of He sayes in the utmost borders of the Meropes there is a cetrain place called Anostos which is as much to say from whence there is no return There was to be seen a great Precipice and a deep opening of the earth from whence issued two Rivers the one of Joy and the other of Sadness upon the brinks of which grew divers trees of so different fruits that those who eat of the one forgot all that might cause grief but those who eat of the other were so possessed with an unconsolable sadness that all was weeping and lamentations until they at last died with signs and shedding of tears What do those Rivers signifie but the one of them that whereof David speaks which with his current rejoyced the City of God the other that Flood of evil which enters the Prison of Hell and fills it with groans tears and despite without the least hope of comfort for there shall the door be eternally shut to all good or expectation of ease in so much as one drop of water was denied the rich Glutton from so merciful and pitiful a man as Abraham There shall not be the least good that may give ease nor shall there want a concourse of all evils which may add affliction There is no good to be found there where all goods are wanting neither can there be want of any evil where all evils whatsoever are to be found and by the want of all good and the collection of all evils every evil is augmented In the creation of the World God gave a praise to every nature saying It was good without farther exaggeration but when all were created and joyned together he said They were very good because the conjunction of many goods advances the good of each particular and in the same manner the conjunction of many evils makes all of them worse What shall Heaven then be where there is a concourse of all goods and no evils And what Hell where there are all evils and no good Certainly the one must be exceeding good and the other exceeding evil In signification of which the Lord shewed unto the Prophet Jeremias two little Baskets of Figs Jer. 24. in the one of which were excessively good ones and in the other excessively bad both in extremity He does not content himself in saying they were bad or very bad but sayes they were over-bad because they represented the miserable state of the Damned where is to be the sink of all evils without mixture of any good at all And for this
instead of the burning coals of that eternal fire Neither shall they be Masters so much as of that broken pot wherein to contain a little water if it might be given them Jsai 30. For as Isaias sayes There shall not remain unto them so much as the shread of a broken pot to hold a little water from the pit nor shall there be any found to give it them That rich Glutton in the Gospel accustomed to drink in Cups of Chrystal to eat in Silver and to be cloathed in Silks and curious Linnens can tell us how far this infernal poverty extends when he demanded not wines of Candie but a little cold water and that not in Cups of Gold or Chrystal but upon the fingers end of a Leper This rich and nice Glutton came to such an extremity that he would esteem it a great felicity that they would give him but one drop of water although it were from the filthy and loathsome finger of a Leper and yet this also was wanting unto him Let the rich of the World see to what poverty they are like to come if they trust in ther riches let them know that they shall be condemned to the loss of all which is good Let them reflect upon him who was accustomed to be cloathed in precious Garments to tread upon Carpets to sleep upon Down to dwell in spacious Palaces now naked thrown upon burning coals and packt up in some narrow corner of that infernal Dungeon Let us therefore fear the riches of this World and the poverty of the other §. 4. This poverty or want of all good of the damned is accompanied with a most opprobrious infamy and dishonour when by publick sentence they shall be deprived for their enormous offences of eternal glory and reprehended in the presence of Saints and Angels by the Lord of Heaven and Earth This infamy shall be so great that St. Chrysostom speaks of it in these words A most intolerable thing is Hell Chrys in Math. 24. and most horrible are the torments yet if me should place a thousand Hells before me nothing could be so horrible unto me as to be excluded from the honour of glory to be hated of Christ and to hear from him these words I know you not This infamy we may in some sort declare under the example of a mighty King who having no Heir to succeed him in his Kingdom took up a beautiful Boy at the Church door and nourished him as his Son and in his Testament commanded that if at ripe years his conditions were vertuous and sutable to his calling he should be received as lawful King and seated in his Royal Throne but if he proved vitious and unfit for Government they should punish him with infamy and send him to the Gallies The Kingdom obeyed this Command provided him excellent Masters and Tutors but he became so untoward and ill-inclined that he would learn nothing flung away his books spent his time amongst other Boyes in making houses of dirt and other childish fooleries for which his Governors corrected and chastised him and advised him of what was fitting and most imported him but all did no good onely when they reprehended him he could weep not because he repented but because they hindred his sport and the next day did the same The more he grew in age the worse he became and although they informed him of the Kings Testament and what behooved him all was to no purpose until at last after all possible care and diligence his Tutors and the whole Kingdom weary of his ill conditions in a publick Assembly declared him unworthy to raign dispoiled him of his Royal Ornaments and condemned him with infamy unto the Gallies What greater affront and ignominy can there be than this to lose a Kingdom and to be made a Gally-slave for I do not know which of these things that young man would be more sensible of More ignominious and a more lamentable Tragedy is that of a Christian condemned to Hell who was taken by God from the gates of death adopted his Son with condition that if he kept his Commandments he should raign in Heaven and if not he should be condemned to Hell Yet he forgetting these obligations without respect of his Tutors and Masters who were the holy Angels especially his Angel Guardian who failed not to instill into him holy inspirations and other learned and spiritual men who exhorted him both by their doctrine and example what was fitting for a Child of God But he neither moved by their advices nor the chastisements of Heaven by which God overthrew his vain intentions and thwarted his unlawful pleasures onely lamented his temporal losses and not his offences and at the time of his death was sentenced to be deprived of the Kingdom of Heaven and precipitated into Hell What infamy can be greater than this of the damned Soul for if it be a great infamy to suffer death by Humane Justice for some crimes committed how great an infamy will it be to be condemned by Divine Justice for a Traitor and perfidious Rebel to God Besides this bitterness of pains the damned persons shall also be eternally branded with the infamy of their offences so as they shall be scorned and scoft at by the Devils themselves and not onely Devils but all rational creatures Men and Angels shall detest them as infamous and wicked Traitors to their King God and Redeemer Jsai 13. Facies combustae vultus eorum And as fugitive Slaves are marked and cauterized with burning irons so this infamy by some special mark of ugliness and deformity shall be stamped upon their faces and bodies so as Albertus Magnus sayes so ignominious shall be the body of a Sinner that when his Soul returns to enter it it shall be amazed to behold it so horrible and shall wish it were rather in the same state as when it was half eaten up by worms CAP. IX The Punishment of the Damned from the horribleness of the place into which they are banished from Heaven and made Prisoners in Hell ANother kind of punishment of great discomfort and affliction is that of Exile which the Damned shall suffer in the highest degree For they shall be banished into the profound bowels of the Earth a place most remote from Heaven and the most calamitous of all others where they shall neither see the Sun by day nor the Stars by night where all shall be horror and darkness and therefore it was said of that condemned person Cast him forth into utter darkness forth of the City of God forth of the Heavens forth of this World where he may never more appear into that land which is called in the Book of Job A dark land Job 10. covered with the obscurity of death a land of misery and darkness where the shadow of death and no order but everlasting horror inhabits a land according to Isaias Jsai 34. of sulphur and burning pitch a land of
added to their other torments Hell is the Prison of God a most rigorous Prison horrid and stinking wherein so many millions of men shall for ever lye fettered in chains for chains or something answerable unto them shall not there be wanting Whereupon St. Austin sayes and is followed by the Schoolmen Aug. l. 1. de Civit. Cap. 10. that the malign spirits shall be fastned to fire or certain fiery bodies from which the pain which they receive shall be incredible being thereby deprived of their natural liberty V. Less de Perfec Divin l. 13. c. 30. as it were fettered with manicles and bolts so as they are not able to remove from that place of mishap and misery It were a great torment to have burning irons cast upon our hands and feet but this and much more shall be in Hell where those fiery bodies which are to serve instead of shackles and fetters are as grave Doctors affirm to be of terrible forms proportionable unto their offences and shall with their very sight affright them Besides the bodies of the Damned after the final Judgement past shall be so streightned and crowded together in that infernal Dungeon that the holy Scripture compares them to grapes in the Wine-press which press one another until they burst Most inhumane was that torment inflicted upon three Fathers of the Society of Jesus by their Enemies at Mastrick They put certain rings of iron stuck full of sharp points of needles about their arms and feet in such manner as they could not move without pricking and wounding themselves Then they compassed them about with fire to the end that standing still they might be burnt alive and if they stirred the sharp points pierced their flesh with more intolerable pains than the fire What shall then be that torment of the Damned where they shall eternally burn without dying and without possibility of removing from the place designed them where whatsoever they touch shall be fire and sulphur into which their bodies shall at the latter day be plunged as their souls at present swim in the middle of that lake or pond of fire as the Scripture calls it like fishes in the Sea which enters into their very substance more than the water into the mouth nose and ears of him who is drowned Neither shall unsavoury smells so proper unto Prisons be wanting in that infernal Dungeon For first that fire of sulphur being pent in without vent or respiration shall send forth a most poisonous sent and if a match of brimstone be so offensive here what shall such a mass of that stuffe be in Hell Secondly the bodies of the damned shall cast forth a most horrible stench of themselves and that more or less according to the quality of their sins It happened in Lions that a Sexton entring into a certain Vault where the body of a man not long before dead lay yet uncovered there issued forth so pestilential a smell that the dead man killed the living If one mans body then cause such a stink what shall proceed from a million of bodies which though alive for their further evil yet are dead in the second death besides as hath been said all the uncleanness and filth of the World when it is purified must fall into that eternal Sink which shall infinitely encrease this noisome quality Paulus Jovius writes that the Enemy of mankind Actiolinus the Tyrant had many Prisons full of torments misery and ill smells insomuch as men took it for a happiness rather to die than to be imprisoned because being loaden with irons afflicted with hunger and poisoned with the pestilential smell of those who died in Prison and were not suffered to be removed they came to end in a slow but most cruel death The Messenians also had a most horrible Prison under earth full of stench and horror into which offenders were let down with a cord never after to see the light But what are these Prisons to that of Hell in respect of which they may be esteemed as Paradises full of Jessemy and Lillies Victor Afric l. 2. de Persec Vandal Victor Africanus relating the torments which the Arian Vandals inflicted upon the holy Martyrs accounts the stench and noisomness of the Prison to be the most hidious and unsufferable of all the rest There were saith he in one Prison 4996 Martyrs which was so straight and narrow that they flung the holy Confessors into it one upon another who stood like swarms of Locusts or to speak more piously like precious grains of Wheat In this want of room they had not place to comply with the necessities of nature but were forced to ease themselves where they stood which caused so horrid a savour as exceeded all the rest of their afflictions One time saith the Author giving a good summe of money to the Moors we had leave whilest the Vandals slept to see them and at our entrance sunk up to the knees in that filth and loathsomness It seems that the stink of Hell could not be more lively expressed than in the uncleanness and stench of this Prison but without doubt all this was but a rough draught and a dead image of that which shall be there in respect whereof this here was Perfume and Amber If one were cast into some deep dongeon without cloathes exposed to the inclemency of the cold and moysture of the place where he should not see the light of Heaven should have nothing to feed on but once a day some little peece of hard barley bread and that he were to continue there six yeares without speaking or seeing of any body and not to sleep on other bed but the cold ground what a misery were this one week of that habitation would appeare longer than a hundred years Yet compare this with what shall be in that banishment and prison of Hell and you shall finde the miserable life of that man to be a happiness There in all his troubles he should not meet with any to scoff and jest at his misfortunes none to torment and whip him but in Hell he shall finde both The Devils shall not cease to deride whip and cruelly torment him There should be no horrid fights no fearefull noyses of howlings groanings and lamentations In hell the eyes and eares of the damned shall never be free from such affrights There should be no flames of fire to scorch him In hell they shall burn into his very bowels There he might move and walk In hell not stirr a foot There he may breath the ayr without stink In hell he shall suck in nothing but flames stink and sulphur There he might hope for coming forth In hell there is no remedy no redemption There that little peece of hard bread would every day seem a dainty But in hell in Millions of yeares his eyes shall not behold a crum of bread nor a drop of water but he shall eternally rage with a dog-like hunger and a burning thirst
in it of a most intolerable stench What shall I then say of the Tongue which is the instrument of so many wayes of sinning flattery lying murmuring calumniating gluttony and drunkenness who can express that bitterness which the miserable shall suffer greater than that of wormwood or aloes insomuch as the Scripture sayes The gall of dragons shall be their wine and they shall taste the poison of Asps for all eternity Unto which shall be joyned an intolerable thirst and dog-like hunger conformable unto which David said They shall suffer hunger as dogs Quintilian sayes Quintil. Declam â—2 That Famine is the most pressing of all necessities and most deformed of all evils that Plagues and Warres are happinesses in respect of it If then a Famine of eight dayes be the worst of temporal evils what shall that Famine be which is eternal Let our Epicures and Belly-Gods hear what the Son of God prophesies Luc. 6. Wo unto you who are full for you shall be an hungred and with such an hunger as shall be eternal If the other evils of this world as Quintilian affirms may be esteemed not much in comparison of hunger even in this temporal life what will they be in respect of the hunger of the life to come Hunger in this life does bring men to such extremities that not onely they come to desire to eat Dogs Cats Rats and Mice Snakes Toads Leather Dung and eat them in effect but also Mothers come to eat their own Children and men the flesh of their own arms as it fell out to Zeno the Emperour If hunger be so horrible a mischief in this life how will it afflict the damned in the other without all doubt the damned would rather tear themselves in pieces than suffer it Neither shall thirst torment them less The sense of Touching as it is the most extended sense of all the rest so shall it be the most tormented in that burning fire Bar. ad an 191. We are amazed to think of the inhumanity of Phalaris who roasted men alive in his brasen Bull. This was a toy in respect of that fire of Hell which penetrates the very entrails of the body without consuming them The burning of a finger only does cause so great a torment that it is unsufferable but far greater were it to burn the whole arm and far greater were it besides the arms to burn the leggs and far more violent torment would it be to burn the whole body This torment is so great that it cannot be expressed in words since it includes or comprises as many torments as the body of man hath joints sinews arteries c. and especially being caused by that so penetrating and true fire of which St. Austin sayes that this temporal fire is but a painted fire in respect of that in Hell in so much that the fire of Hell does exceed ours by so many degrees as a thing in life and reality exceeds the same in a picture In conformity to what is here said venerable Peter Cluniacensis writes and when we read such like stories from the representations therein contained we are to raise our thoughts to the substance therein represented This venerable man then writes That a wicked Priest being ready to give up the ghost there appeared unto him two fiery Devils who brought with them a Frying-pan in which they told him they would fry him in Hell and a drop of hot liquor then falling out of the Frying-pan upon his hand in a moment burnt him to the very bones in the sight of all that were present who remained astonished to see the efficacy and violence of that infernal fire Whereupon Nicholas of Nice sayes that if there were a fire made of all the wood in the world it would not be able to cause so much torment as the least spark of Hell-fire Caesarius does also write Caesar l. 12. mirac c. 23. That Theodosius Bishop of Mastrick had a Servant by name Eberbach who in a raging fit of anger gave himself to the Devil upon condition he would help him to take revenge upon his Enemies Some years after this man fell grievously sick of a disease that brought him to the point of death and being now dead in all mens judgement his soul was cast into a sea of fire where he remained suffering until such time as an Angel of Heaven came unto him and said Behold what they are to suffer that serve the Devil But if so great a mercy should be shewed unto thee as to grant thee longer life wouldst thou not spend it in doing penance for thy sins He replyed There can be nothing so hard or painful which I would not undergoe to escape this torment Then the Lord used that mercy to him as to let him return to the use of life and senses and rising off the Biere where he was already placed to be carried to burial all that were present were astonished at him who at the same instant began a course of life of most austere and rigorous penance He went bare-foot upon thorns and briars store of blood issuing from the wounds received He lived onely on bread and water and that in a very small quantity What money he had he gave to the poor There were many who wondering at the rigour of his penance endeavoured to moderate the excess of his fervour and austerities to whom he answered Wonder not hereat for I have suffered torments of a far different kind and if you had been there you would frame a far different apprehension of them And for to explicate the excessive torment that fire caused he said That if all the trees in the world were put in one heap and set on fire I would rather burn there till the day of judgement than suffer onely for the space of one hour that fire which I have experienced Now what a miserable unhappiness will it be to burn in those flames of Hell not onely for one hour but till the day of Judgement yea even for all eternity and world without end Who would not esteem it an hideous torment if he were to be burnt alive an hundred times and his torment were to last every time for an hours space with what compassionate eyes would all the world look upon such a miserable wretch Nevertheless without all doubt any of the damned in Hell would receive this as a great happiness to end his torments with those hundred times burning For what comparison is there betwixt an hundred hours burning with some space of time betwixt every hour and to burn an hundred years of continual torment And what comparison will there be betwixt burning for an hundred years space and to be burning without interruption as long as God is God Let a Christian who hath ever committed a mortal sin consider this and let him see what can be difficult sharp and intolerable since thereby he deserved to be cast into Hell and let him see whether he think any
evil in it self in its own nature For if there were no God or that God were not offended with it yet it were a most abominable and horrid evil the greatest of all evils and the cause of all In regard of this deformity and filthiness of sin the Philosophers judged it to be abhorred above all things Aristotle said Aristotle 3. Eth. it were better to die than to do any thing against the good of vertue And Seneca and Peregrinus with more resolution said Although I were certain that men should not know it and that God would pardon it yet I would not offend for the very filthiness of sin For this Tully said That nothing could happen unto man more horrible than a fault And even those Philosophers who denied the immortality of the Soul and the providence of God affirmed that nothing should make us to commit it And there hath not wanted some Gentils who have suffered great extremities to avoid a vicious act Plut. in Demetrio Democles as Plutarch writes chose rather to be boiled in scalding water than to consent to a filthy act With reason Hippo is celebrated amongst the Greek Matrons who chose rather to die than offend Neither was that horror less which Verturius conceived against uncleanness who suffered prison whips and rigorous torments rather than he would sin against chastity Equal to this was that of the most beautiful youth Espurina of whom Valerius Maximus and St. Ambrose write Ambl. l. 3. de Virg. That he slashed and wounded his fair face that it should not give occasion to others of offence even by desire All those were Gentils who knew not Christ crucified for man nor saw hell open for the punishment of sinners nor fled from sin because it was an offence unto God but only for the enormity and filthiness it had in it self This made them endure prisons and tortures rather than admit it What then should Christians do who know their Redeemer died to the end they should not sin and how much sin is offensive to God Certainly they ought rather to give a thousand lives and souls than once to injure their Creator by committing an offence which not onely Gentils but even Nature hath in horror which hath planted in brute beasts although they cannot sin yet a natural aversion from that which looks like sin John Marquess of Gratis desired much to have a Foal from a generous Mare which he had by her own Son but could never effect it neither would she ever admit him until deceived by cloathing him in such sort as she knew him not But when he was uncloathed and she discovered the deceit she fell into that sorrow and sadness that after she would never feed but pined her self to death The like is reported by Jovianus Pontanus of a delicate Bitch of his which he could never although he caused her to be held make to couple with her Son So foul and horrible is but the shadow and image of sin even unto brute beasts Why should not men then who are capable of reason and have an obligation unto Gods commandments say and think with St. Anselm Lib. de simil c. 19. If I should see on this part the filthiness of sin and on the other the terrour of hell and it were necessary for me to fall into one of them I would rather cast my self into hell than admit of sin For I had rather enter pure into Hell than to enjoy the Kingdom of Heaven contaminated with sin Whosoever than he be who is infected with that horrible evil of a mortal sin he cannot choose but be most miserable and wretched For as St. Chrysostome sayes Chrysost Tom. 5. Ser. 5. de ie The greatest evil is to be evil And although the Chirurgion do not cut the cankered flesh yet the ulcerated Patient will not be freed from his infirmity So although God should not punish a Sinner yet he would not be free from the evil death misery and abomination of sin And therefore St. Austin sayes Aug. To. 8. in Ps 49. Although we could cause that the day of Judgement should not come yet we ought not to live ill This monstrous deformity of sin our Lord was pleased to express by a visible Monster and that after a most strange manner as is related by Villaveus He writes Villaveus lib. 8. c. 35. that in the year 1298. Cassanus King of the Tartars with an Army of 200000 horse entring Syria made himself Master of it and brought a great terror upon all those neighbouring Countries in so much as the King of Armenia delivered him his Daughter although she were a Christian and he an Infidel to be his Wife Not long after the Queen proved with child and when her time came was delivered not of a Child but of a most horrible and deformed Monster Whereat the barbarous King being astonisht and incensed by the advise of his Council commanded that she should be put to death as an Adulteress The poor Lady grieving to die with the imputation of a sin whereof she was innocent commended her self to our Saviour and by divine inspiration desired that before her death the Thing which she had brought forth might be baptized which was granted and no sooner performed but that Monster became a most beautiful and goodly Boy and the King amazed at the miracle with many other of his Subjects became Christian acknowledging by what had happened the beauty of Grace and the deformity of Sin although that deformity proceeded not from any actual sin either mortal or venial from which the Child was free but onely from Original guilt which without the fault of his proper will descended unto him from his Parents The deformity of sin comes from the contrariety of it to reason which renders a Sinner more foul and ugly than the most horrid Monster and more dead in soul than a putrid and dead Carcase Pliny admires the force of lightning which melts the gold and silver and leaves the Purse which contained it untoucht Such is sin which kills the Soul and leaves the Body sound and entire It is a flash of lightning sent from Hell and worse than Hell it self and such leaves the Soul which it hath blasted What shall I then say of the evils which it causes I will onely say this that though it were the best thing of the world yet for the evil effects which it produces it ought to be avoided more then death It bereaves the soul of grace banishes the holy Ghost deprives it of the right of heaven despoiles man of all his merits makes him unworthy of divine protection and condemns a sinner unto eternal torments in the other world and in this to many disasters for there is neither plague warre famine nor infirmity of body whereof sin hath not been in some sort the occasion and therefore those who weep for their afflictions let them change the object of their tears and weep for the
Dion Chrys Orat. 10. And therefore Dion Chrysostomus is sayes He who knows not Man cannot make use of Man and he who knows not himself cannot make use of himself nor of those things which belong unto his nature But who can arrive unto the knowledge of himself It is so difficult that the Devil although he knew how important this knowledge was to Man and wisht nothing but his ruine and perdition yet confident in the impossibility of attaining it and desirous to gain the credit of a wife God among the Grecians he caused this Command Know thy self to be placed in his Temple of Apollo in Delphos And truly the light of Heaven is necessary for this knowledge and we guided by what faith dictates and the Saints inctruct us will endeavour to say something whereby we may at least be less ignorant of what we are It is then to be considered What Man is of himself and what he is of God that is what he hath of himself and what he hath received from God What he hath from God must needs be good since he gave it from whom can proceed no ill And if upon this score because it is good he hath less ground to humble himself I am sure he hath none to boast of since it is wholly the Divine benefit not having any thing of himself but what he hath received Onely he may consider that by the sin of Adam he hath put himself in a worse condition both for soul and body than when he received them from God His Soul is now full of ignorance and imbecility to what is good and subject to a thousand miseries which it then had not And his Body which is now mortal was then immortal and free from the corruption of those infirmities which as hath been already said accompany it until it end in dust worms and ashes But these although by the perverseness of our nature they are become much worse yet coming from God are good and are ah honour and glory in respect of what he possesses from himself This the Arausican Council declares in two words that is We are nothing of our selves but a Lye and Sin that is the nothing that we were and the evil we are A lye we are because what is a lye is not And from our selves we have onely a not being for what have we but what God hath given us take away what we have received and there remains nothing This is what is ours what is more is our Creators and therefore we are not to use it according to our own fancy but his pleasure Thou art also to consider that thou oughtest to humble thy self more for being nothing than for being but dust and ashes For those are something and betwixt something and nothing there is no proportion and as the Philosophers say an infinite distance Thou hast not from thy self so much as a possibility of being for if God were not God thou couldest not have been at all From this consideration thou hast great reason to humble thy self For to be nothing is a Well without bottom never to be drawn drie yet this Nothing is far better than what thou art by Sin Here the most holy Saints have sunk down in amazement and some unto whom our Lord hath revealed what they are have been so astonished as they had certainly died if they had not been comforted and upheld by the Divine hand For having sinned thou art as evil as sin it self Call to mind what we have said of the infinite malice and abomination of sin All this falls upon him who commits it With reason therefore did Dion the Philosopher say That it was most hard to know ones self because it was most hard to comprehend the malice of sin which being the chiefest evil becomes in a manner as difficult to be known as the chiefest good and therefore no better way to find what it is than to proceed after the same way we do in the knowledge of God §. 2. St. Dionysius Areopagita teaches us that in the knowledge of God we may proceed alter two manners either by the way of Affirmation attributing unto God all what is Good and perfect or by way of Negation denying unto him all what is good or perfect in the Creatures as being of a goodness and perfection infinitly above it In the same manner we are to proceed in the knowledge of Sin either by Affirmation in attributing unto it all the ill in all creatures whatsoever or by Negation denying it any ill as being a malice of another kind horrible and enormous above all other Evils imaginable Call together therefore all the evils thou hast seen heard or read of Joyn all these in one a mortal sin is worse then all these together The miseries of Job stilence in the time of David the torments of Phalaris Nero Dioclesian and all the Tyrants are farre short of it in malice Is it as bad as all those afflictions and miseries which they suffered who perished in the Deluge and those who were burnt alive in Sodome and the neighbouring Towns and as all they suffered who were put to the sword in Amalee and all those that were hunger-starved in the siege of Jerusalem One onely mortal sin goeth far beyond all the aforesaid miseries All the Plagues Warrs Sickness Famines all that hath been suffered since the World began come not near the ill of one sin Good God! how vast is that evil which is equivalent to so many evils where shall we find an evil that may equal it where shall we meet with an end of so much malice Certainly all the evils that have been since the World began or could succeed in a million of Worlds to come fall short of it If nothing then upon earth be comparable unto it let us seek it beneath the earth amongst those eternal evils which shall never have end Let us enter Hell and consider the torments there which are or have been suffered by Men or Devils even from the least and most unknown of the damned unto Lucifer and Antichrist Is there any thing there that may equal the evil of one sin No we shall not there find it Reflect I say again and mark if thou findest any torment amongst so many miserable creatures as suffer in Hell which may parallel the malice of one only mortal sin There is none to be found But I 'le give thee leave to make a collection of those many torments which may seem unto thee in reason comparable to a mortal sin and you shall finde that Sin does not onely equalize but exceed the malice of them Joyn then together and put in one heap all the torments that are inflicted upon all damned creatures Men and Angels and compare the malice of them all with that one of mortal sin and you shall find that the malice of sin doth farr surpass the malice of all those That gnashing of teeth that inconsolable weeping that burning fire which penetrates
the bowels for all eternity all that our imagination can frame reaches not so immense an evil If we cannot therefore finde the depth of the malice of sin by way of Affimation let us try what may be done by the other way of Negation But this will also fail us For the evil of plagues famine and death are not it A mortal sin is more then these The evils of poverty dishonour and torments are not it It is more then these The torments of hell are not it It is above hell and all the pains of it Think with thy self that all the atoms which are to be found in the air all the sands in the sea all the leaves on the trees all the grass in the fields all the starrs in the heavens think I say that they are foul and ugly bodies all most deformed Monsters and frame to thy self a Monster and ugly Creature which should be made of all these will this equalize the foulness of a mortal sin It is not this ugly Monster nor this foul deformed Creature but it is a foulness and ugliness that doth far surpass all these and all horrid shapes and figures imaginable And let not this seem strange unto thee For not onely the evil of a Mortal sin but even that of a Venial is greater than all the evils of Hell or the evils within or without it all tht monstrousuess all the deformity of all things that are or can be contracted into one do not equal it Sin is more than all And therefore as St. Dionysius said of God That he was above what was good or what was fair because his goodness and beauty were of a superiour kind So it may be said of sin It is neither deformity abomination horror or malice but is something more than all these Let a sinner therefore know himself and that he is by sin above all that is ugly foul or monstrous For as he that hath whiteness is as white as that which makes him so so he that is in sin is as horrible and ill as sin it self Let him then reflect whether he is to sink charged with such a guilt and how much he ought to abhorr and loath himself Certainly if he should sink into Hell he would there finde no torment worse then himself If he should return into the Abyss of nothing he would be there better then in that Abyss of malice which is in sin Let him then reflect whether so unworthy and vile a wretch ought to have the same use of the creatures as if he were in the state of innocency and without this blemish of sin Let him consider if a person so infamous so abhominable as himself ought to use the things of this world for his delight honour pomp and ostentation The Emperour Marcus Aurelius Lord of the world and possessor of the greatest honours it could give him though a Gentil yet thought himself so worthy of contempt that he writes in this manner Treat thy self O soul with ignominy Anton. lib. 2. and despise thy self For thou hast no title to honour It is a prodigious thing that he who hath committed a mortal sin should desire honour and respect That he should complain of the troubles of this life and desire to be cherished and made much of That he who is the shame and infamy of the world should gape after glory That he who is a Traytor to his God should wish to be honoured and respected He who hath deserved hell for an eternitie why should he grumble at a short sickness or the necessities of this life which if he make the right use of may serve as a means of his salvation Let him therefore who hath sinned know that he is not to make the same use of the creatures as if he were innocent he is not to aim at other honour then that of God he is not to seek after ease and the Commodities of life but the securitie of his salvation not to thirst after the pleasures of the world but to perform strict penances for his sins past O if one knew himself perfectly with what different eyes would he behold the things of the world he would look upon them as things not appertaining to him at all and if he did not despise them at least he would make no account of them The Son of God onely because he took upon him the form of a sinner would not use the goods of this life but rather imbraced all that was troublesome painful and bitter in it why should he then who is really and in substance a sinner seek honours and delights Let him know the means of his salvation since Christ himself hath taught them to wit Penance Mortification and the Cross If Christ because he bore the sins of others used not temporal goods and the Commodities of life why should man who is loaden with his own sins complain he wants the pleasures and conveniences of it Why should he gape after the goods of the earth who is infected with a greater evil then that of hell The admirable man blessed Francis Borgia the great despiser of himself and the world out of this consideration was most content in the tribulations and want of all things temporal and the least comfort in his greatest necessities seemed too much for him All men wondered to see him so poor and the incommodities he suffered in his travail when he visited the Colledges of the Society in Spain Amongst the rest a certain Gentleman amazed at his great pains and sufferance said unto him Father how is it possible that having been so great a Lord you can endure the troubles and inconveniences of the wayes To whom the servant of God answered Sir do not pity me for I alwayes send before me a Harbinger who provides plentifully for all things necessary This Harbinger was the Knowledge of himself which in his greatest necessities made what he had appear too plentiful § 3. Besides this he who hath sinned ought to Consider that he hath need of Gods holy hand to draw him out of that misery or if he be already by repentance freed to preserve him from falling again into it That the means to obtain this is not the pride of the world the riches of the earth or the pleasures of the flesh but fasting sackcloth humiliation and penance Let him remember that of himself he is nothing and to that nothing hath added sin that being nothing he can do nothing that is good and that by sin he hath disobliged him who only could assist him in doing good Man is of himself nothing but a Lye and Sin two horrid and profound Abysses Let him imitate David who said I cried unto thee O Lord from the deeps what other deeps then those two of Nothing and of Sin which have no bottom Let him then who hath once offended his Creator know himself and where he remains Let him pray sigh and crie from his nothing and from the depth of his
obtaining of things eternal without respect to any temporal or earthly commodity are as a sweet savour unto the Lord like that Rod of perfume so much celebrated in the Canticles Cant. 3. composed of incense myrrhe and spices which ascended streight unto heaven Whereupon St. Gregory sayes that prayer is called that little Rod of sweet smoke because whilest it onely supplicates for eternal blessings it mounts directly to heaven without inclining unto any thing that is earthly Well may it be seen how little our Saviour is pleased with earthly petitions by that answer he gave unto the Wife of Zebedeus when she desired that her two Sons might have the honour to sit one at the right hand of his Throne and the other at the left Our Saviour answered They know not what they asked because as St. Chysostome sayes Their petition was for the things temporal and not spiritual and eternal Certainly a fool he is who when he may have heaven for asking trifles away his time in demanding things of the earth A fool he is who when he needs but to demand eternal glory busies himself in praying for temporal honours A fool he is who having but to ask grace from God loses his time in asking favours from men Certainly he knows not what he prayes for who prayes to be rich He knows not what he prayes for who prayes for great Places and Commands Finally who prayes for honours accommodations pleasures or any thing that ends in time knows not what he prayes for because he knows not how little is all that which time consumes §. 2. Paludanus observes three errors in the Petition of the mother of St. James and St. John The first Palud Enarr 1. de S. Jacobo that she did not observe a due order in the petition The second that it was not clear and free from affections of flesh and blood And the third that the subject of it was vain and unprofitable All these errors are sound when not attending unto the eternal we petition for what is temporal For of the first who sees not that he who demands temporal things violates and perverts all order for what more disorderly proceeding than to demand little when we may obtain much to sue for that whereof we have no need and to neglect that which is extreamly necessary The necessities of the body hold no comparison with those of the soul The soul hath more necessity of divine grace than the body of food The soul hath more enemies and stands therefore in more need of the favour and assistance of heaven Gelas contra Pelag. Epis 5. lib. 6. It is against her that the infernal powers have conspired and therefore it is she who stands in most necessity of divine succour Gelasius the Pope speaking of our first Parents saith That when they were in the state of innocency replenished with all those gifts of graces wherewith God had enriched them and that they had not those adversaries which now we have for neither the world nor the flesh were then their enemies Yet because they did not pray for the divine assistance and favour that they fell into sin Having received saith this great Pope such abundance of grace yet because they did not pray as their is no mention that they did they were not secure How needfull is it then for us to pray who want that original justice have our nature weakned and corrupted by sin our flesh rebellious against the soul the World with all its instruments of vanity and deceit and so many occasions and dangers of sinning our enemies and the devil himself irritated by those singular favours exprest towards our nature by the Son of God more fierce against us then before So as it is not possible to declare the great need we have of divine grace And now to forget this great necessity and to forbear crying unto heaven for a remedy from whence we can onely hope it how great a folly and disorder is it If a man in the Dog-dayes were exposed naked in some Desert against the scorching beams of the Sun and ready to perish for thirst and should meet one who were furnished with plenty of cool water would he not ask some to refresh him or if he forbore to ask it would he demand a warm Jacket which were onely useful in Winter and in Summer a burthen and a trouble Certainly a greater madness and disorder cannot be imagined And yet ours is far worse if we demand temporal goods which can onely hinder and entangle us and neglect to pray for the water of divine grace without which we are certain to perish But even in temporal things themselves we know not what order to observe in our demands because we are ignorant which are most convenient for us Who knows whether it be better for him to be sick or in health since it may so happen that being in health he may fall into some grievous sin and be damned and being sick he may repent and be saved Who knows whether poverty or wealth may be more convenient for him since being in abundance he may forget God and being in necessity of all things he may have recourse unto his holy service Who knows whether it be better for him to be honoured or suffer confusion since honour may puff him up in vanity and humiliation may make him prudent and wary No man knows what is good or evil for him That which we desire is oftentimes our ruin and destruction and those evils which we weep for as often turn into our greatest happiness How can there then be any order in our prayers for temporal things whereof we are totally ignorant whether they are good or hurtful The second great errour in our prayers for temporal things is the disordinate affection and want of pure intention which accompanies such petitions whereas our prayers ought onely to proceed from a pure and mortified mind wholly intent upon the service of God To signify this The fire which was to burn the incense was fetcht from the Altar of Holocausts and that our prayers may be acceptable and of a sweet savour unto God they are to spring from an enflamed heart Sacrificed unto his divine Majesty in a true Holocaust of our whole will and affections And he who demands any temporal things from God Almighty after another manner may justly fear least they may be granted for his greater punnishment Therefore St. Thomas sayes St. Tho. 2.2 q. 83. art 19. that our Lord God grants unto sinners what they desire with an evil affection for a Chastizement of their desires So he granted Quails unto the murmuring Isrealites who died with the morsel in their mouths We ought therefore to be cautious in our prayers and tremble at our own desires since their success may prove so dangerous unto us And I wonder not at all that he who desires the goods of this world is often punished in the grant of his petition since
riches that they lived most contentedly in great poverty and moderation Aristides although a principal person in Athens was so affected to poverty that he alwayes went in a course broken Garment hungry and necessitated and though he had a friend of great wealth called Clinias could never be perswaded to accept the least relief from him It happened that this Clinias being accused before the Judges to aggravate his other crimes it was laid in his dish that being rich and able he had not assisted his friend Aristides Clinias perceiving the Judges to be highly incensed and all men to cry out against his inhumanity went to Aristides and desired him to defend him from that false calumny and to satisfie the Judges and people how often he had offered his wealth and fortunes to serve him and that it was he himself who had still refused it Aristides did so and informed the Judges of the innocence of his friend and that it was his own desire rather to live in his own poverty than to brave it in the riches of another saying withall That rich men who mispent their fortunes were every where to be found but few who passed their poverty and want of necessaries with a generous mind which so soon as he had declared There was none present who envied not more the poverty and beggary of Aristides then wished the wealth of Clinias Zeno as St. Gregory Nazianzen and Seneca write when news was brought him That he had lost all answered I see that Fortune will have me henceforward profess the life of a Philosopher with less difficulty Valerius Maximus reports of Anaxagoras that when he received the like news all he said was If my goods had not perished I had Cato reports of Crates the Theban that he flung his substance into the Sea saying It is better I drown you than you me Diogenes left all he had but a wooden Dish and by chance seeing one drink out of the hollow of his hand broke that also Laertius writes that one scoffing at Aeschines a Philosopher of Rhodes said By the Gods Aeschines I am sorry to see thee so poor who answered By the same Gods I pity thee for having so great riches which thou hast gotten with trouble preserv'st with care spendest with grief keepest with danger defendest with a thousand fears and passions and which is worst of all Where are thy riches there is thy heart This point is singularly well handled by St. John Chrysostome in his second Book against the despisers of a Monastick life Chrys Lib. 2. con Vituper Vitae Monast which he dedicates to the Philosophers of the Gentils wherein he onely uses such reasons as may be apprehended by the light of nature comparing Plato with Dionysius Socrates with Archelaus and Diogenes with Alexander all which he makes much more glorious in their poverty than the others in all their power and Dominions He relates also that of Epaminondas the Theban who being called to a certain Council could not come because his Cloak was in washing and he had no other to weare and yet was more esteemed and reverenced by the Greeks than any of their Princes from whence the holy Doctor inferres That when there was no Evangelical Law nor Examples of Saints yet in natural reason and by natural testimonies Poverty was of high esteem and dignity This being so as certainly it is what can we say but that is not Poverty which we call so but great and true Riches §. 2. It is much to our confusion that the Gentils should so far despise temporal goods not being guided by that faith of Eternity which we profess The which gives so great a light unto the discovery of that distance which is betwixt the one and the other that many whom it hath enlightned with the beams of truth have not onely despised what the world holds in esteem but have sought and embraced the contrary rejoycing in poverty ignominy and austerities performing such actions to this effect as have not fallen under imagination whereof I shall here relate some admirable Histories and will begin with that of Mark of Alexandria which we find written in certain Greek Commentaries Ex Cod. M. S. Graec. Biblioth Vid. Raderum 2. P. opuse sui Viridar c. 3. pa. 79. The Abbot Daniel going with his Disciples unto Alexandria beheld there in company of other fools this Mark who went wholly naked but where modesty required something to cover him distributing what was given him with many sottish gestures amongst the other fools his companions The prudent Abbot seriously marking him presently found by that spirit of trial wherewith the Lord had endued him that this folly was Celestial wisdom and therefore meeting him the next day in one of the publick Market-places he endeavoured to detain him that he might speak with him but he still counterfeiting the fool strove all he could to get loose and run away from him insomuch as the Venerable old man was fain to cry unto those who were present to assist him who seeing a Monk struggle with a Fool cried out as fast to him to beware of the Mad-man At last some Priests and Ecclesiasticks who knew the Abbot passing by asked him What he had to do with the Fool and what he would with him Unto whom he answered If you desire to know bring him before the Patriarck and let him examine what he is They did so but Mark would neither answer nor speak a word until the Patriarck commanded him under an oath to declare Who he was and what were his intentions Then the counterfeit Fool forced by this adjuration to leave off his dissembling confest he had been a grievous sinner and had continued in dishonesty of life fifteen years but by the goodness of God repenting his sins he had resolved to perform as many years of penance and had in a place convenient for the purpose spent eight of them but desiring to pass the rest of them in greater rigour and austerity he came to Alexandria there to be treated in that manner as they had seen him in which he had now continued other eight years Those who were present could not out of tenderness refrain tears and were much edified at the extraordinary wayes by which the spirit of God recalls those whom he hath chosen But their admiration was much encreased when the next day the Abbot Daniel having sent his Disciple unto Mark to visit him and to advise him to return to the silence and solitariness of his Cell he found him dead and that he had already rendred his soul unto his Creator Unto whose Interrement all the Monks and Priests of Alexandria with an incredible number of the People repaired praising the Lord for the marvailous works of his providence that whom he had chosen to be despised and contemned in life he had in this manner preserved to be honored in death Who sees in not this admirable man a high contempt and renunciation of those
France There she taught her Brother how to order a Dairy milk Cows and make Cheeses and after found a way to have him received into a certain Grange of the Cistercians where he performed this office to such satisfaction of the Monks that in a short time he was admitted amongst them a Lay-Brother His Sister Matilda seeing him thus placed said one day unto him Brother certainly a great reward attends us from the Lord for having thus left our Parents and our Country for the love of him But we shall receive a far greater if for the short time of our lives we deprive our selves even of this content of seeing one another and that we so give our selves over to that Divine and Soveraign Majesty that we meet no more until we meet in Heaven where we shall see and converse one with another in true and eternal comfort Here the Brother fell a weeping apprehending this as the greatest difficulty he had hitherto encountred in the whole course of his life But at last he master'd it and they both parted never to see one another more upon earth The holy Virgin went unto a certain Town nine miles distant where she lived retired in a little Cottage and sustained her self wholly by the labour of her hands admitting neither present nor alms Her Bed was the ground or little better she eat upon her knees and in that posture spent many hours in prayer wherein she often was so rapt from her senses that she neither heard the noise of thunder nor perceived the flashes of lightning Alexander was never known whilest he lived But St. Matilda was nine years before her death and therefore attempted often to have left the place but was so strictly watched she could not She wrought many miracles both during her life and after death A certain Monk sick of an Imposthume in his breast offered up his prayers at the Tomb of Alexander and to him the Servant of God appeared more resplendent than the Sun adorned with two most beautiful Crowns The one of which he wore upon his head The other he carried in his hand And being demanded of the Monk what those two Crowns signified he answered This which I bear in my hands is given me for that temporal Kingdom which I forsook upon earth The other of my head is that which is commonly given to all the Saints of Heaven And that thou mayest give credit to what thou hast seen in this Vision thou shalt find thy self according to thy faith cured of thy infirmity In this manner God honours those who humble themselves for his glory CAP. IX The love which we owe unto God ought so to fill our Souls that it leave no place or power to love the Temporal WE have already produced sufficient motives and reasons to breed in us a contempt of the things of this world and to wean our affections from them as well for being in themselves vile transitory mutable little and dangerous as for that the Son of God hath done and suffered so much to the end we should despise them I will onely now add for the conclusion of this matter That though they were of some real worth or value as they are not yet for all this we ought not to love them since so great is that love and affection which is due from us unto God that it ought so fully to fill and possess our hearts that it leave no room for any other affection than it self For if it were commanded in the Law when men had not the obligation which we now have the Son of God not having then died for our redemption that we should love him with all our heart all our soul and all our powers how are we to love him when our debt is so much greater and that we have a further knowledge of his divine goodness If then there ought to be no place for any love but his how can we now turn our eyes unto the creature or set our hearts upon it when a million of hearts are not sufficient for our Creator There is no one Title for which God is amiable but upon that title we owe him a thousand wills a thousand loves and all what we are or can be What do we then owe him for all together Consider his benefits his love his goodness and thou shalt see that though thou hadst as many hearts as there are sands upon the Sea-shore or atoms in the Air all were not capable of that great love which is due unto him How canst thou then divide this one heart which thou hast amongst so many creatures Consider also the multitude and greatness of his divine blessings and deal but with God as one man doth with another If we say of humane benefits that gifts break rocks how comes it that divine benefits do not move a heart of flesh Prov. 22. And if as Salomon sayes Those who give gifts steal the hearts of the receivers how comes it that God robs not thee of thy soul who not onely gives thee gifts but himself for a gift Consider the benefits thou didst receive in thy Creation They were as many as thou hast members of thy body or faculties of thy soul Consider those of thy Conservation Thou hast received as many as there are distinct natures in Heaven and in Earth The Elements Stars and the whole world were created for thy preservation without which thou couldest not subsist Look upon the benefits of thy Redemption They are as many as are the evils of Hell from which they have freed thee Look upon those of thy Justification they are as many as the Sacraments which Christ hath instituted and the examples which he hath left thee Think what thou owest him for having made thee a Christian pardoned thee so often and given thee still fresh grace to renew thee All these and a thousand other benefits and obligations demand and sue for thy love And not onely these benefits from God but even those from men cry out unto thee to love him For there is no benefit which thou receivest from man but comes from God On all parts then and for all things thou art obliged to love God for it is he who does thee good in all and is worth unto thee more than all How comes it then that since he hath done all this for us we yet think not what we are to do for him nor how we shall express our thankfulness for such and so great benefits David was troubled with this care when he said What shall I return unto the Lord for all which he hath given me And yet the Lord had not then given him the Body and blood of his Son nor had his Son then been born or died for him Since then he hath done all this for us why doe we not study how we may be grateful for such infinite and unspeakable mercies But what can we return which we have not received Let us deliver him back our
merry How dare that Sinner laugh since that instant will come wherein it will not profit him to weep why does he not now with tears ask pardon for his sins when after death he cannot obtain it There shall be then no mercy no remedy no protection from God or man no defence but what each man hath from his own works Let us then endeavour they may be good ones since we have nothing in the other life to trust to but them The rich man shall not then have multitudes of Servants to set forth his greatness and authority nor well-feed Lawyers to defend his process onely his good works shall bestead him and they onely shall defend him and in that instant when even the mercy of God shall fail him and the blood of Christ shall not appease the Divine justice onely his good works shall not fail him then when their treasures which have been heaped up in this world and guarded with so much care shall fail their Masters their alms bestowed on the poor shall not fail them there when their Children Kindred Friends and Servants shall all fail them the Strangers which they have lodged the Sick which they have visited in the Hospitals and the needy which they have succoured shall not fail them The rich man is to leave his wealth behind him without knowing who shall possess it 〈◊〉 his good works shall goe along with him and they onely when nothing else can shall avail him neither shall Christ who is the Judge of the living and the dead at that time admit of other Patrons or Advocates Let us then take heed we turn not those against us which are onely at that dreadful time to bestead us It is to be admired how many dare do ill in the presence of that Judge with whom nothing can prevail but doing well and the wonder is much the greater that we dare with our evil works offend him who is to judge them The Theef is not so impudent as to rob his neighbour if the Magistrate look on but would be held a fool if he should rob or offend the Magistrate himself in his own house How dares then this poor thing of man injure the very person of his most upright and just Judge before whom it is most certain he shall appear to his face in his own house in so high a manner as to preferre the Devil his and our greatest enemy before him How great was the malice of the Jews when they judged it fitter that Barabbas should live than the Son of God Let the Sinner then consider his own insolence who judges it better to please the Devil than Christ his Redeemer Every one who sins makes as it were a Judgment and passes a Sentence in favour of Satan against Jesus Christ Of this unjust Judgment of man the Son of God who is most unjustly sentenced by a Sinner will at the last day take a most strict and severe account Let him expect from his own injustice how great is to be the Divine justice against him Let a Christian therefore consider that he hath not now his own but the cause of Christ in hand Let him take heed how he works since all his actions are to be viewed and reviewed by his Redeemer An Artist who knew his work was to appear before some King or to be examined by some great Master in the same art would strive to give it the greatest perfection of his skill Since therefore all our works are to appear before the King of Heaven and the chief Master of vertues Jesus Christ let us endeavour that they may be perfect and compleat and the rather because he is not to examine them for curiositie but to pass upon us a Sentence either of condemnation or eternal happiness Let us then call to mind that we are to give an account unto God Almighty and let us therefore take heed what we doe let us weep for what is amiss let us forsake our sins and strive to do vertuous actions let us look upon our selves as guilty offenders and let us stand in perpetual fear of the Judge as Abbot Amno advises us of whom it is reported in the Book of the lives of Fathers translated by Pelagius the Cardinal In vitis Pat. lib. 5. That being demanded by a young Monk what he should doe that might most profit him answered Entertain the same thoughts with the Malefactors in prison who are still enquiring Where is the Judge When will he come every hour expecting their punishment and weeping for their misdemeanors In this manner ought the Christian ever to be in fear and anxietie still reprehending himself and saying Ay me wretch that I am how shall I appear before the Tribunal of Christ how shall I be able to give an account of all my actions If thou shalt always have these thoughts thou mayest be saved and shalt not fail of obtaining what thou demandest towards thy salvation and all will be little enough Climac gra 6. St. John Climacus writes of a certain Monk who had lived long with small fervour and edification who falling into a grievous infirmity wherein he remained some space without sense or feeling was during that time brought before the Tribunal of God and from thence returned unto life wherein he continued ever after in that fear and astonishment that he caused the door of his little Cell which was so small and narrow that he had scarce room to move in it to be stopt up there remained as it were inclosed in prison the space of twelve years during which time he never spake with any nor fed upon other than bread and water but sat ever meditating upon what he had seen in that rapture wherein his thoughts were so intent as he never moved his eyes from the place where they were fixed but persevering still in his silence and astonishment could not contain the tears from abundantly flowing down his aged face At last saith the Saint his death now drawing near we broke open the door and entred into his Cell and having asked him in all humility that he would say something unto us of instruction all we could obtain from him was this Pardon me Fathers He who knew what it were truly and with his whole heart to think upon death would never have the boldness to sin The rigour of Divine Judgment which is to pass after death occasioned in this Monk so great change and penitence of life § 2. The second cause of the terribleness of death which is the laying open of all wherein we have offended in this life ANother thing of great horror is to happen in the end of life which shall make that hour wherein the Soul expires most horrible unto sinners and That is the sight of their own sins whose deformity and multitude shall then clearly and distinctly appear unto them and although now we remain in ignorance of many and see the guilt of none they shall then when we
leave this life fully discover themselves as they are both in number and quality This is also signified unto us by the Prophet Daniel when he sayes That the Throne of the Tribunal of God was of flaming fire whose nature is not onely to burn but to enlighten and therefore in that Divine Judgment shall not onely be executed the rigour of his justice but the ugliness likewise of humane malice shall be discovered The Judge himself shall not onely appear severe and implacable but our sins shall be laid open before us and the sight of them shall make us quake and tremble with fear and astonishment especially when we shall perceive them to be manifest unto him who is both Judge and Party Wherefore it is said in one of the Psalms We are dismayed O Lord with thy wrath Psal 89. and troubled with thy fury and immediately giving the reason of that trouble he saith because thou hast set our wickedness before thee and placed them in thy sight The monstrousness of sin is now covered and we perceive it not and are not therefore much troubled but in that instant of death when the ugliness of it shall appear the very sight of it will wholly confound us Our sins now seem unto us but light and trivial and we see not half of them but in our leaving of this life we shall find them heavy grievous and unsupportable A great Beam whilest it floats upon the river a child may move and draw it from place to place and the half of it remains hidden and covered below the waters but draw it to land many men will not suffice to remove it and the whole bulk of it will be then clearly discovered so in the waters of this tempestuous and unstable life our faults appear not heavy and the half of them are conceal'd from us but this life once ended we shall then feel their weight discover their bulk and shall groan under so heavy and grievous a burthen These doubtless are the two swords which then shall mortally wound the conscience of a sinner First when he shall perceive the innumerable multitude of his sins and Then their monstrous deformity And to begin with their multitude how shall he remain amazed when he shall see a number of his actions to be sins which he never thought to be such and which is more when he shall find that to be a fault which he thought to be a laudable work For this it is said in one of the Psalms when I shall take time I will judge righteousness for many actions which in the eyes of men seem vertues will then be found vices in the sight of God If in humane judgments there be so great a difference that young men and those that follow the world often esteem that for a vertue which the wise and ancient repute as an errour how different shall be the divine judgment from that of men since the holy Ghost saith by his Prophet that the Judgments of God are a great Abyss and that his thoughts are as far distant from the thoughts of men as heaven is from earth And if spiritual men are so clear sighted that they condemn with truth what worldlings praise what shall be those Divine eyes which are able to perceive a stain in what appears Angelical purity And if as the Scripture sayes he found wickedness in the Angels what vice can remain hid in the Sons of men Our Lord himself saith by one of his Prophets I will search Jerusalem with a candle If so strict enquiry be to be made in the holy City of Jerusalem what shall be in Babylon If God shall use such rigour with the just how shall he dissemble with his enemies Then shall be brought to light the works which we have done and those which we have left undone the evil of that action which we have committed and the good of that which we have omitted Neither is there account to be taken onely of the evils which we do but of the good also which we do not well all will be strictly searcht and narrowly lookt into and must pass by many eyes The Devil as our accuser shall frame the Process of our whole life and shall accuse us of all he knows and if any thing shall escape his knowledge it shall not therefore be conceal'd for our own Conscience shall cry out and accuse us of it and least out Conscience might flatter us or be ignorant of some faults our Angel-Guardian who is now our Governor and Tutor shall then be the Fiscal and Accuser calling for Divine justice against us and shall discover what our own Souls are ignorant of And if the Devil our Conscience and Angel-Guardian shall fail in any thing as not knowing all the Judge himself who is both Party and Witness and whose Divine knowledge penetrates into the bottom of our wills shall there declare many things for vices which were here esteemed for vertues O strange way of Judgment where none denies and all accuse even the offender accuses himself and where all are Witnesses even the Judge and Party O dreadful Judgment where there is no Advocate and four Accusers the Devil thy Conscience thy Angel-Guardian and thy very Judge who will accuse thee of many things which thou thoughtest to have alleaged for thy defence O how great shall then be the confusion when that shall be found a sin which was thought a service who would have imagined but that Oza when he upheld the Ark in danger of falling had rather done a laudable action than an offence yet the Lord chastized it as a great sin with the punishment of a most disastrous death shewing thereby how different the Divine Judgments are from those of men Who would not have thought Davids numbring of his people to have been an act of policy and discretion yet God judged it an offence and punished it with an unexampled Pestilence which in so short a time destroyed threescore and ten thousand persons When Saul urged by his approaching enemies and the long delayes of Samuel offered sacrifice he thought he had done an act of the greatest vertue which is religion but God called it by the name of a grievous sin and for doing it reproved him and cast him off from being King Who would not have judged it for an act of magnanimity and clemency when Achab having conquered Benhadad King of Syria 3. Reg. c. 20. pardoned him his life and took him up to sit by him in his Royal Chariot But this which was so much esteemed and praised by men was so disagreeable unto God that he sent him word by his Prophet that he should dye for it and that he and his people should bear the punishment which was designed unto the Syrians and their King If then the Judgment of God in this life be so far different from that of man what shall it be in that most dreadful hour which God hath reserved for the executing of