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A49581 A compendium of the art of logick and rhetorick in the English tongue Containing all that Peter Ramus, Aristotle, and others have writ thereon: with plaine directions for the more easie understanding and practice of the same.; Dialectica. English Ramus, Petrus, 1515-1572.; R. F.; Aristotle. 1651 (1651) Wing L433; ESTC R215450 104,257 346

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from the beginning and the Author and Father of all deceit Iohn 8.44 Yet man had power to have resisted him if he would which he not doing became the true and proper efficient cause of Corrupting himself and all his posterity who likewise by means of the poyson derived from his Loyns became also the proper and immediate causes o● their own sins Mark well then O my Soul the Root of this evil and furthrr consider what unsavory and cursed fruit it bringeth forth surely even such as it self is for such as the Tree is such are the fruits as is the root so are the branches a poysoned fountain casteth forth no wholesome streams Iames 3. And who can bring as the Wiseman saith a clean thing out of filthiness surely there is not one but onely he who is holiness it self Iohn 14.4 And without all Controversie the reward and wages of sin is death● and that not onely temporal and bodily which is a separation of the body from the soul for a season but also spiritual and eternal both of soul and body for ever and ever Is any good thing with●held from us let us thank our sin for it is any plague or punishment laid upon us be sure that sin is the cause or at the least even in the dearest Children of God the occasion of it Is any good blessing of God made of no force or even turned to a Curse to us we may be sure that it is by reason of our sin for as the Prophet saith The Lords hand is not shortned that it cannot save nor his ear heavy that it cannot hear but our iniquities separate betwixt us and our God and our sins do hide his face from us that he will not hear Esay 59. 1 2. Finally as Iob saith Misery springeth not forth of the dust neither doth Affliction spring one of the earth but man is born to labour as the sparkles flie upward Job 5. 6 7. As if he should say Man is as prone by nature to sin against God and consequently to pull Gods judgements upon himself as the fire which is a light Element is naturally prone to ascend and mount aloft And to the end that thou my soul maist see upon what an ugly monster thou hast set thy delight dost do●e upon and art bewitched withall consider how fair and how amible piety and vertue are for as they make a man lovely and honourable so sin maketh him loathsome and contemptible The fear of God saith Solomon makes the face of a man to shine and be beautifull but impiety and profanesse do deface and disfigure the image of God in him and cause both God and all good men to loath detest him as a polluted and● filthy thing Favour saith the same Wise-man is deceitfull and beauty is vanity but the woman that feareth ●he Lord shee shal be praised Prov. 31.39 A vile person is contemned that is a prophane man and basely esteemed how great soever he be in the world in the eyes of him that feareth God Psal. 15.4 And piety is the only beauty that the Lord himselfe is delighted with 1 Pet. 3.4 Therefore it is clear in the contrary part that he loatheth and abhorreth impiety and sin And yet my soul to bring thee further out of love with this most ugly monster consider whereunto it is like and to what it may be compared It is like saith Esay to filthy raggs that are cast aside upon the dunghill and detested of all the passers by It biteth as a serpent and stingeth as a Coccatrice creepeth as a gangrene or deadly canker that eateth to the heart and cannot be cured and though it seeme sweet in the begiuning yet it is most bitter in the end and that which relisheth like hony in the mouth will prove ranke poyson in the bowels Finally O my soul if thou peruse the holy Scriptures thou shalt find no book no leafe no chapter● nor scarce any verse wh●rin there is not some precept some prohibition some promise some threatning or some example which seems not very fitly and profitably to shew forth the amiableness of vertue and the uglinesse of sin and with what care zeal wat●●●●lnesse c. the one is to be shun●●● and the other to be imbraced Thus far Mr. Egerton Lib. 3 Cap. 6. Now that thou maist attain kind reader unto this sweet delight of meditation or to the top of whatsoever felicity thou aimest at by this art use my book in this manner following It consisting only of rules and examples will be no great burthen for thee to commit it all to memory and so whether thou meditatest or discoursest of sin or piety in the generall or any vice or vertue in the particular thou shalt find from the head of this Art after the example foreshewed abundance of matter to furnish thy meditation So cum paucis sapientibus I commit my labour to thy discreet and favourable construction and with equall respect to all indifferently rest R. F. Iunior PETER RAMUS to the READER ARchymedes O Reader would have the re●●●● of the Spheres and Cli●●●tes in which Invention hee had more vehemently laboured ingraven upon his sepulchre And truly shouldst thou ask me of my vigils and studies I desire a pillar to be raised upon my grave from the instructions of the Art of Logick Touching the cause of the wish they answer first to the accurateness of the Art the books of invention of Arguments and their disposition to be judged not onely from Aristotle Organicall Rhetoricall Physicall but from Cicero and Quintilian and so many Orators In all which wee have strived with all study and diligence by all reasonable wayes to contract them briefly into these two Books that no particle or the least shadow of Logick might be there confused whose truth might not be expresly delivered And this shall be first made known touching Archymedes his Probleme They answer secondly to the use of Logick the elegance and dignity of all the parts to be explicated to stir up Logicall meditations as well the popular phrases of Poets Orators Historiographers as also the liberall and ingenuous arts of a new Body delivered in a new form to the studious adorned with excellent indowments And le●t any should fear le●t they should happen to be strangers they are given and committed to the liberall custodies of their schools This shal be secondly made known touching Archymedes his problem Those therefore shall be witness of so many day and night watches touching the truth and utility of Logick and shall answer for the cause of our wish shall also admonish thee Reader as I hope of I know not what madnesse is in most Academies of Europe disputing of their sophisticall precepts how that they are far unlike both to the verity and utility of Logick and shall also inflame thee to the study of the more true and profitable Faculties But beside this there is objected a great company exstructed with theatricall reproaches
Promise to help or aid me now one jot I hope that Italy shall reach to heaven The winds once chang'd their forces cros● have driven Arising from black night i' th city cast Our pow'r is weak our greatest streng●● but wast CAP. 20. Lessers Q. What is Lesser A. Lesser is that whose quantity is exceeded Q. How is a Lesser judged A. Oftentimes by proper notes Q. What be these notes A. Not only But not all Rather this then that Whenas● As also Q. How else A. By Grammaticall comparison Q. How lastly A. By the denying of parts Q. Give example of the notes out of some Orator A. CIC. secund Cat. No man not onely of Rome but in no corner of all Italy was ever oppressed with so great a Tax as that he once knew of so incredible a Cesar. Cat. 1. Thou canst rather as an Exul tempt then as a Consul vex the Common-wealth Ag. 2. Which when to all it is very hard and an evill reason then truly to me above the rest Q. Give poeticall examples A. Ovid. Trist. 1. More fierce then Busiros more fierce then he Who in slow fire his ox burnt furiously Ovid. 1. de Remed Amor. Thy body to redeem bear sword and fire Ne drink to cool thy thirsty hot desire To save thy soul wilt thou not all forbear This part exceeds the other price by far Q. Give example of those which are done by the denying of parts A. Phil. 9. All in all ages who have had the understanding of the Law in this city if they might be brought together into one place are not to be equalled with Servius Sulpitius Cat. 2. Although those which say that Catilina is gone to Messilia do not so much complain of it as fear it Q. Is it not somtimes without notes A. Yes Q. Give example A. Pro Mur. Thou art so much wanting from the perfection of g●●● works as the foundation which thou thinkest thou hast not yet layd Pu● Arch. The stones and desarts ofte● times answer to the voyce wild beas●● are tamed and subdued by singing● shall not then the instructions of the Poets in the best thing move us Q. Is there not also a gradation fr●● Lesses A. Yes Q. Give example A. Ver. 7. Is it a great act to overthrow the city Rome to beat a knave to kill a Parricide What shall I say to hang him upon the gallows Q. Are not Lessers also somtimes feigned A. Yes Q. Give example A. Virg. Eclog. 1. The light heel'd Hinds in th' air shal fe●● therfore And in the Ocean all the fishes die For want of water on the naked shore The wandring Parthian first shall drinken dry Huge Araxis and gus●ing Germany Suck down their thirsty throats swif● Tigris tide Ere his sweet face shall from my bosome slide Q. Give another example A. Phil. 2. O filthy thing not only to the sight but also to hear of If it had happened to thee amongst thine inhumane pots who would not have accounted it filthy but in the assembly of the Romans about publick affairs the Master of the Horse to whom it is not comely to belch he vomiting a crust of bread and wine filled his lap and all the Tribunal with stink CAP. 21. Likes Q. You have expounded Comparison in Quantity Comparison in Quality followeth What therefore is Quality A. Quality is that whereby the things compared are said to be such Q. What are the kindes of Quality A. Like or Dislike Q. What are Likes A. Likes are those of which there is the same quality Q. What are Likes called A. Like is called Proportion as the Likes are proportionable Q. What are t●e notes of Likenes whereby it is concluded in one word A. Like effigies in that manner as also denials of dislikenes Q. What be they A. Such as this Not otherewise Q. Give example of the first sort A. AEn●id 1. His mouth and shoulders being like to God Phi. 9. Thoug● S●rvius Sulpitius could leave no cleare monument then his son the effigies o● his māers vertues constancy piety wi●● Q. Give example out of some Poet. A. Ovid. Trist. 1. For he or none even he that made th● wound Onely Achilles 't is can make me sound Q. Proceed to farther examples A. In Phis. There was one day● which was to me the likenes of immortality wherein I returned to my country Ver. 1. But presently from the sam● likenes of a man as it were by som● Circean pot he is made a Beare P●● Pomp. Therefore all in this place d●● behold Cons. Pompeius not as one sen● from the city but fallen from heaven AEneid 3. They do not that which I hav● commanded Ter. I am not neithe● have beene otherwise then he Q. What is the partition of likeness A. Disjoyned or continued Q. What is a disjoyned similitude A. A disjoyned similitude is when as foure termes are distinguished to the thing Q. Give example A. Eclog. 5. So me thy song as sleep on grass doth please The traveller his weary limbs to ease Q. What is the force of this example A. The songs to the hrarers as sleepe to the weary are foure distinct termes Q. Give another example A. Ad fratrem As the best governours cannot overcome the force of the tempest so the wisest men oftentimes cannot overcome the violence of fortune Q. Shew the force of this example A. Here are four termes as the governour to the shippe so wise men to fortune Q● Proceed to farther examples A. Trist. 1. As yellow glod in flaming fire is seen So men may trust in time that 's sharp and keen Cic. Phil. 2. But even as those who in a great sickness do not taste the sweetnesse of meat so the lustfull covetous wicked have not the taste of true praise Virgil made these Verses All night it rain'd next day the signes were seen Th' Empire 's parted Cesar and Jove between Battillus arrogated them to himself and obtained a great reward therefore Virgil in these Verses mocketh Battillus I made these rhimes another had the land So Birds you nests not for your selves have made So you ô Bees make hony not for you So you ô Sheep bear wool but not for you So you ô O xen plough but not for you Q. Ar● not the notes sometimes omitted A. Yes somtimes there is no note at all Q. Give an example A. Virg. Eclog. 2. Ah my fair boy trust not thy hue too much Hurtles though black by every handsome hand Are pluck'd while Daysies none vouchsafe Though they be white yet shed they as they stand Q. What is continuall likeness A. A continuall likenesse is when as the first terme is to the second so the second to the third Q. Give an example A. De Leg. 3. See you not that this is the Magistrates power that he should rule and prescribe right profitable and agreeing things with the lawes for as the lawes do govern the Magistrates so the Magistrates do rule the people