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A33686 A detection of the court and state of England during the four last reigns and the inter-regnum consisting of private memoirs, &c., with observations and reflections, and an appendix, discovering the present state of the nation : wherein are many secrets never before made publick : as also, a more impartiall account of the civil wars in England, than has yet been given : in two volumes / by Roger Coke ... Coke, Roger, fl. 1696. 1697 (1697) Wing C4975; ESTC R12792 668,932 718

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I cannot prove negatively that my Lord Chancellor did not first propound the King's Marriage with the Infanta of Portugal yet it seems to me reasonable he did not for these Reasons I never heard of any Discourse of this Match before the Arrival of the Queen-Mother in England or if any were it 's probable that Monsieur Courtin had this in his Instructions as well as that of moving the King not to abandon Portugal for both these tend to the same end and the French King all his Reign after sought to attain his Ends by Women as well as other Ways Nor can it be believed that the Prince of Portugal now engaged in War against Spain should pay the Queen's Portion 400000 l. I believe he did what he could give up Tangier and Bombay to the King which last Place he leased to the East-India Company for 10 l. per Annum but the Money was paid by the French King Though the Factions had such ill Success with previous Swearing which every one imposed upon the Nation when it was uppermost and which no Man regarded when another succeeded yet upon the Restoration of the King the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy which latter was only imposed upon certain Sorts of Men and as my Lord Verulam says sinks deep into the Conscience and was therefore interpreted by Queen Elizabeth in her Injunctions which were after confirmed by Act of Parliament were imposed upon all sorts of People and the Refusers looked upon as Enemies to the King and Favourers of the late Times And tho the Convention sate but from the 25th of April 1660 to the 29th of December following yet by this time the outward Face of almost all the Nation was quite changed the Cavalier Party under the Persecution of the late times lived quietly upon that part of their Estates which was permitted them after their Compositions and the Governing Factions put on a Countenance of Godliness and Sobriety whereas in the Jollity of the King's Restoration all sorts of Men even the Factions endeavoured to imitate the profuse Prodigality and Luxury of the Court which scarce entertained any but upon those Terms To humour the King the Publick Theaters were stuffed with most Obscene Actions and Interludes and the more Obscene pleased the King the better who graced the opening of them with his Presence at the first Notice of a new Play In this State the Convention was dissolved and a Parliament met the eighth of May 1661. where that they might outvy the Convention in Loyalty in the first Chapter they make Words to compass or imagine any Bodily Harm Imprisonment or Restraint upon the Body of the King or to Depose him or levy War against him to be High-Treason And if any shall any ways affirm the King to be a Heretick or Papist shall be incapacitated to hold any Ecclesiastical Civil or Military Imployment And that it shall be a Premunire in any to say The Long Parliament begun in November 1640 is not dissolved or that there lies any Obligation upon any one from any Oath to endeavour a Change of Government either in Church or State or that one or both Houses of Parliament have a Legislative Power and declare the Oath commonly called The Solemn League and Covenant to be an unlawful Oath and imposed upon the Subject against the Fundamental Laws and Constitutions of the Nation And Chap. 5. declare against Tumultuary petitioning the King or Parliament And Chap. 6. declare the sole Right of the Militia to be in the King This Parliament upon the thirtieth of July was adjourned to the twentieth of November This being but an Adjournment and so the Act of the Houses for as yet the King did not exercise his Prerogative of Proroguing them which hereafter you will see him very prodigal of I do not find that this Adjournment was made that the King might better proceed in his Bargain and Sale of Dunkirk to the French Yet I do say that before the Parliament met it was as I remember in September that the Bargain and Sale was perfected and Dunkirk put into the Power of the French But neither the Sale of Dunkirk without nor the keeping up a standing Army within called the King's Guards after it was disbanded and paid off by the Covention nor the King's Manner of Life could any ways abate the Loyalty of this Parliament to the King and keep him they would whatever came of it And to all the Provisions for Security of his Person and Power they will add that to keep him in which the Rump in its last Breath did to keep him out viz. To swear to keep him out And therefore the Parliament Chap. 2. made the Corporation-Oath to be taken by all the Members of Corporations viz. I A. B. do declare and believe that it is not Lawful upon any Pretence whatsoever to take Arms against the King And that I do abhor that Traiterous Position of taking Arms by his Authority against his Person or against those who are commissioned by him So help me God This I think is one of the first Laws that ever was made to swear to Opinions and Belief And sure if Swearing would determine Controversies and Beliefs all Learning Reasoning and Instruction would be at an end and he that swears most is the best Logician and the Godliest Man We will therefore consider the Nature of an Oath and those who are to take this Oath If we consider Man and other Sensitive Creatures in their Creation and Generation they were all passive and they were created and generated without any Act of their own Will or the Counsel or Concurrence of any Creature but of a Divine and Omnipotent Power and by a Providence and Prescience not less wise and good than the Power was Omnipotent they had Food and other Means for their Continuance in this World provided before they were created or generated But though God without the Act of the Will of any Creature did make Man and other Sensitive Creatures by an inimitable Power which he communicated to no Creature and by an unscrutable Wisdom and Goodness did provide for them before they were made or generated yet did he not in vain make them Organical Bodies endued with Life Sense and Motion so that after they were made they might seek food which God had before provided for them and preserve themselves from other Creatures which might be hurtful to them As Sensation is naturally common to Man and other Sensitive Creatures so are the Passions of Love Fear Hatred and Desire viz. Love of those things which conduce to their Welfare and Preservation Fear of those things which are hurtful to them accompanied with an Hatred of them and a Desire of generating their Like in other Bodies Besides these Attributes common to other Creatures God endued Man with an Intellectual and Reasonable Soul which is proper to Man exclusive to other Creatures and made all things in this our Habitable World for the Use of
Man and therefore created Man for a Nobler End than can be found in this World viz. capable of Eternal Happiness in a better But though God made all things in this World for the Use of Man yet few things are useful to Man but as they are made so by Humane Labour Industry and Art yet no Art or Science in Man is innate or connatural or comes to pass by Inspiration Fate or Chance but by Education Learning and Experience We do not read that God ever made a House Cloth a Ship c. without Man whereas Nature of her own Accord has provided Food and all things necessary for other Creatures without any Act or Care of theirs Thus Nature clothed Sheep and Beasts with Wool and Hair Fowls with Feathers and Fish with Scales And tho Fowls make their Nests and Conies and Badgers Berries yet they do these by an insite connatural Power not learned or taught by any Creature Other Creatures live free and independent upon one another except the young ones of some Creatures while they can seek their Food and Preservation and are either Solivagous and Hurtful as Foxes Wolves and Tigers c. or live promiscuously in Herds and Flocks and are innocent Creatures as Sheep Goats c. whereas Men live in Dependency one upon another so as no Man can subsist of himself but depends upon another for things which conduce to their Welfare and Preservation and are neither Solivagous nor live promiscuously in Flocks and Herds but in Society and Conversation and keep Company by Election or Choice as they stand in need of other Men either for their Necessity Convenience or Pleasure and Men are distinguished from other Men by their Manners and Conversation so as it becomes Scandalous to keep Company with Debauched and Vicious Men. As other Creatures live free and independent upon one another so have they all things which Nature had provided for them in common whereas Man lives upon those things wherein he has Property exclusive to other Men So that it is wicked and unjust for any Man who has no Property in a thing without the Consent of him who has Property in it to take it from him In this State of Society out of which no Man lives God did not endue Man with Understanding and Reason in vain for whereas other Creatures pursue their Actions being excited by the Passions of Love Fear Hatred and Desire yet Man depresses these and governs his Actions by Understanding and Reason so that Humane Society may be preserved Speech and Letters are necessary in Humane Society and Conversation which wise Nature which never acts in vain hath denied other Sensitive Creatures which govern their Actions by Sense and their Passions these having no need of them Speech is the Mean or Instrument by which Men converse to the Hearing of one another and Letters to the Sight Other Creatures hear the Sound of Speech and can see Letters but do not understand the Power of the Words or Construction of them Man is born the most impotent of all other Creatures being naked and unarmed yet can neither clothe nor defend himself without the Help of another he has nothing to feed himself with but what he has from another yet if he takes any thing from another without the Consent of that other it will be Wickedness and Theft He is obliged to live uprightly and justly with other Men yet understands not how to live uprightly and justly but as he is instructed by Education Learning and Experience he is obliged to speak and write in Truth but neither Speech nor Letters are Insite or Connatural but acquired by Instruction and Learning from others All Humane Learning Reasoning and Instruction in Religion Morality and in every Art and Science is begotten from the Powers which God had before implanted in the Learner and from the Principles which were before understood by him so that if a Man be born blind it will be in vain to instruct him how to be a Painter or if Dumb to be a Musician or Orator or if he be not Compos Mentis so as to understand the Principles from which he is to be instructed Instruction will be as vain to him as to teach a Dumb Man to be an Orator or a blind Man a Painter So that it is from those Powers which God has implanted in Man without the Will of Man that Man becomes capable of being instructed by Man and therefore Man is obliged to give God all Honour and Praise before any other that he endued him without the Help of any other with an Intellectual and Reasonable Soul capable of Instruction The End of all Learning Reasoning and Instruction is how from Premises or Principles which a Man before understood as an Intellectual Creature to govern his Intentions Speech and Actions from them in time to come rationally So that as the Understanding is of the Causes of things and Actions which were before so Reason is of the Consequences of Speech and Actions in time to come The Understanding is from the Act and Power of God but Reason is from the Act or Power in Man So that though a Man may instruct another who hath a competent Understanding how to act Rationally in Consequence yet no Man can instruct another who is a Fool or Madman how to understand Principles from which he is to be instructed so as to judg and act rationally As every Learner is presumed to understand the Principles from which he is to be instructed so the Principles are assumed not proved and are to be without Question or Dispute For if the Question of any rational Proposition be but probable or uncertain the Conclusion or Consequence will be less probable and more uncertain For the better understanding an Oath it will be very requisite to distinguish between Understanding and Knowledg for Man understands Intelligible Beings as God the Soul a Law Religion Justice c. which can never be the Objects of Sense but may be said to know what he understands sensibly viz. of things and Actions which are perceived by Sense as a Man a Horse a Tree may be perceived by other Sensitive Creatures But that these do exist is intelligible So it is that Man is an Intellectual and Reasonable Creature and that God has made all sensible things in the World for the Use of Man c. and these can never be the Objects of Sense As Man excels all other Creatures as he is an intellectual and reasonable Creature ●hereby he honours God is helpful to other Men and preserves Peace in Society so on the contrary Man above all other Creatures abounds in Pride Ambition Arrogance Malice Revenge Covetousness and unlawful Lust whereby God becomes dishonoured and the Peace of Humane Society disturbed so as it is necessary in all Kingdoms and Countries that these be restrained and punished by Civil and Coercive Laws Laws are twofold Divine and Humane Divine Laws are twofold viz. Natural