Womb 70 years without losing her Virginity he exhorted the Grandees to build Hospitals in all Cities Agreeing much with Chacabout in Doctrine Taver Mahometans I Believe 1. That there is but one God and that there is no number in him 2. That Mahomet is the Messenger of God the most excellent and last of all the Prophets That the Christian Religion was to Cease at his Appearance 3. That Jesus Christ was a great Prophet Inspired by the Spirit of God 4. That God is a Being of great Perfection 5. Angels are Executioners of God's Commands without Sex different in Dignity and appointed to several Offices as well in Heaven as Earth 6. Good and Evil only happen because God hath Fore-ordain'd them having writ on a Table from all Eternity things that are and are to be 7. There shall be a general Resurrection of the Dead But before that 1. Anti Mahomet must come 2. Jesus shall come from Heaven to Kill him and Establish Mahometanism 3. Gog and Magog c. 4. A Beast is to come out of Meccha 5. All Living Creatures shall Die Hills fly into the Air the Heavens melt and drop upon the Earth Then shall God renew the Earth and raise the Dead naked but Saints and Prophets clothed and carried by Angels to the Empyrean Heavens 8. The Bad shall suffer Hunger Thirst painful Sweating c. 9. The Pains of the Wicked shall be proportioned to their Merits but shall not last above 50000 years 10. That at the day of Judgment S. Michael with be a Ballance shall weigh the good and bad Actions of Men. 11. They whose good Deeds out-weigh their Bad shall go to Paradise 12. There is a particular Judgment at Death to distinguish the Mussulman from Unbelievers F. Simon out of a Mahometan Dr. Ancient Heathen I Believe in one Supreme God who presides over all the rest who seeth and Governs all things in all places And in as many more Inferior Gods as our Magistrates and Laws shall require us to believe in That the Law of Nature and Reason is the ordinary Rule of our Manners And the Laws of the Nation Of our Religigious Worship That our Souls are Immortal and shall survive our Bodies That they who have defiled themselves with Vice their Souls at Death shall be secluded from the Society of the Gods and be tossed about the Earth but they who have lived well and honestly and have imitated the Lives of the Gods the Souls of these Men shall go to the Stars or Gods from whence at first they came This is extracted especially out of Cicero and Somn. Scip. Diabolical Their Creed is nothing but a Reverse of the Orthodox Faith an open Profession or secret Practice contrary to the Truth which must needs be so pregnant with Blasphemy that it will not be safe to exhibit a Copy of it to common View The Bannyans I Believe that a God of Immense Power Eternal and Provident in the beginning Created the whole World that he made the first Man by Name Pourous and for his Society Created the first Woman Parconty both so innocent that they would not cut any thing that had a Sensitive Life but fed upon Herbs and Fruits that from them sprung two couple of Boys Bramon Cuttery Shuddery and Wise the first a Priest the second a Warrior the third a Merchant the forth a Peasant which Peopled the four Parts of the World but upon their Impiety the World was Destroyed by a Deluge That afterwards upon Mount Meropurbatea God gave the Shaster to Bremaw in Clouds and Lightning for a rule of Living Mr. Hobbes's I Believe that God is Almighty matter that in him are three Persons he having been thrice represented on Earth that it is to be decided by the Civil Power whether he Created All things else That Angels are not Incorporeal Substances but preternatural Impressions on the Brain of Man that the Soul of Man is the Temperament of his Body that the very Liberty of Will in that Soul is Physically necessary that the Prime Law of Nature in the Soul of Man is Self-Love that the Law of the Civil Soveraign is the only obliging Rule of Just and Unjust that the Books of the Old and New Testament are not made Canon and Law but by the Civil Powers that what is written in these Books may be denied upon Oath in times of Persecution That Hell is a tolerable condition of Life for a few years upon Earth to begin at the general Resurrection and that Heaven is a blessed Estate of good Men like that of Adam before his Fall beginning at the general Resurrection to be from thence-forth Eternal upon Earth in the Holy Land Dr. Tenison Precepts or Commands Mahometan THeir Law is divided into eight Precepts or Commandments 1. There is but one God and his Prophet Mahomet 2. Children must be Dutiful to their Parents 3. Neighbours must Love each other 4. They must Pray five times every day 5. A Lent of thirty days is to be kept every year 6. They must be Charitable and give Alms to the Poor 7. Every one must Marry by twenty five years of Age. 8. They must abstain from Murder Pacquet broke open vol. 2. F. Simon makes Five Articles thus 1. There is one God 2. Mahomet is his Messenger 3. They must be exact in Prayers and Alms-deeds 4. And in the Fast of Ramazan 5. And in their Pilgrimage to Mecha Bannyans Their Moral Law hath eight Commandments most of which agree with the Seven which R. Solomon saith Noah taught the World in his time called Noah-Cady 1. Thou shalt not destroy any living Creature for thou and it are both my Creatures 2. Thou shalt not sin in thy five Senses Eyes not beholding Vanity Ears stopt in hearing Evil Tongue uttering no Filthiness Pallat hating Wine Flesh and all live things Hands abhoring all things defiled 3. Thou shalt duly observe set times of Devotion as Praying Washing Elevation Prostration c. 4. Thou shalt not Lie nor Dissemble 5. Thou shalt not be hard-hearted but helpful to others 6. Thou shalt not Oppress nor Tyrannize 7. Thou shalt observe certain Festivals and Fasting days 8. Thou shalt not Steal Sir Tho. Herb. Trav. into Persia out of their Shaster Persees 1. For Behedens or Lay-men 1. Cherish Modesty 2. Cherish Fear 3. Premeditate what you are to do if bad reject it if good c. 4. Let every day's object move to thankfulness 5. Pray daily to the Sun and nightly to the Moon 2. For the Herboods Daroos or Priests Besides those of the Beheden which they are to observe 1. Be constant to the form of Worship in the Zundavastaw 2. Covet not what is another man's 3. Abhor Lies 4. Be not worldly minded 5. Learn the Zundavastaw by rote 6. Keep your selves free from Pollution 7. Teach the Laity how to Comport themselves in Adoration 8. License Matrimony 9. Be frequent at Church 10. Forgive Injuries 11. Upon pain of Life Eternal
Arm was dried up immediately That the Child being thrown into a Fire turned it into a Bed of Roses 6. That some of this Fire is still preserved and is worthy of great Veneration 7. That the King devising new Torments was at last stung to Death with Flies and all that would not kiss the Prophet's Feet and submit 8. That this Prophet under Scha-glocktes the Succeeding Prince was cast into a Bath of melted Silver but coming out safe all received him as a Prophet and called him Zer-Ateucht i. e. wash'd in Silver 9. After this the Prophet was never seen more 10. That he will have three Children 11. The first Ouchider to be born of a Virgin who shall come into the World and cause his Father's Laws to be received by Preaching and Miracles 12. The Second Ouchiderma who shall be conceiv'd in like manner who shall assist his Brother and convince all the World by causing the Sun to stand still 10 years 13. That the 3d. called Senoict-Hotius conceiv'd by the same Mother shall come with more Authority than his two Brothers and shall perfectly reduce all People to the Religion of their Prophet 14. That after these things shall be the Universal Resurrection when all Souls in Paradise or Hell shall return to take possession of their own Bodies that then all Mountains and Minerals being melted shall fill up Hell and destroy mansions of the Devils 15. Afterwards the World shall be level'd and made Habitable and men shall have their Apartment in it according to the good which they did but their chief delight shall be in beholding and praising God and Ibrahim their Prophet M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 8. They say also That before the Resurrection those that are in Paradise do not behold the face of God no not the Angels themselves except only one who always attends upon God to receive and execute his Commands That God will have pity upon the Damned and that they shall go into Paradise as having suffered enough already for their Sins Idem Indian Idolaters I Believe one only Almighty God and only Wise Creator of Heaven and Earth who fills all places with his Presence by some called Primissar by others Peremael others Westnon others Ram c. that this Ram was the Son of a Potent Raja called Deseret and the most Vertuous of all his Children his Wife's name Sita both Banished with a Brother Lokeman but passing through a Wood Ram being in pursuit of a Bird his Wife Sita was Ravished by Rhevan a kind of Deity also that all the Creatures were employed in Searching for Sita who at last was found by a Monkey that had leaped over the Sea in Rhevan's Garden who Saluted her in Ram's Name and presented her a Ring and with Fire with which some of Rhevans Servants would have burnt him the Ape set Fire on Rhevan's Palace and thereupon leapt at one Jump over the Sea again and brought greeting from Sita to Ram who thereupon by the guidance of the Ape raised Forces and went over and rescued his Wife Hereupon Rhevan spent all the rest of his Days like a poor Faquir and gave original to that Order I believe that departed Souls are according to their Lives ordered to inhabit another Body The Souls of the wicked into Asses Dogs Cats c. Of the Good into Cows or potent Rajaes That if a Man Die with a Cows Tail in his Hand he is happy M. Tavernier Part. 2. l. 2. The People of Formosa I Believe the World to be Eternal The Soul to be Immortal And future Rewards and Punishments according to our good or evil deeds That the passage to the other World is over a narrow Bridg made with Canes from which the Wicked fall into a nasty miry place there to abide for ever the Good go to a Mansion of Pleasure That there are several Gods Tamagisahanch in the South who presides o're the Generation of Mankind from whom all good to Body or Mind proceeds that his Wife Taxank-punda when it Thunders chides with him for not sending Rain Sariachsingh in the North who destroys all Benefits bestowed on Mankind that both these are to be Prayed to That there are two Gods of War Talafula and Tapaliape to be invocated only by the Men. Pacquet broke open vol. 2. Siamites I Believe that one Supreme God Created the Universe and Governs the World That there are several other Gods Subordinate to him That the Soul is Immortal That on its separation from the Body it passes to Eternal Happiness or Misery after various Transmigrations That good Works will save a Man That this Religion was received by Immemorial Tradition from the Saints now worshipped by them as Deities Pacquet broke open vol. 2. Peguians I Believe that the Chief of the Gods who hath several Gods under him is the Author of all the Good that Mankind enjoys but that he leaves to the Devil the disposing of all Evil and therefore a greater Veneration is due to him than to God All Men naturally taking more care to appease a powerful Enemy than be grateful to an obliging Friend That good Works are more conducive to Eternal Hppiness than Faith That a man may be Saved in any opinion so his Life be Pious and Regular That five principal Sapans or Holy-days are to be kept 1. Sapan Giacchi the Pilgrimage of the King and Queen in Grandeur 2. Sapan Carena in Honour of their great Idol 3. Sapan Segienon in Honour of other Idols 4. Sapan Daiche when the King and Queen throw Rose-water at each other and all the Nobility wash them out of a Pot of the same and none can pass the Streets without having Water thrown at him out of the Windows 5. Sapan Donan when a Race is performed by Boats in the Kings and Queens presence as they Pass to Meccao Tunquinese Of these there are three Sects The Author of the first is Confutius whose Creed is as follows I Believe that man is composed of two Parts the one fine and subtil the other material and gross when Man Dies the subtiler part goes into Air the gross stays in the Earth that the 7 Planets are to be Adored but especially these Gods Rauma Betolo Ramonus and Brama and Satisbana by the Women as also the Heavens by the King and Mandarins The Author of the Second Chacabout followed by the most part of the meaner People hath taught them thus There are Ten Commandments which see afterwards a Transmigration of Souls That they who would be Religious must renounce the Delights of this Life be Charitable to the Poor overcome their Passions and give themselves up to Meditation That there are ten distinct places of Joy and Torment the Torments proportionable to the Offence and without any end The Imperfect shall wander in diverse Bodies 3000 years the Perfect go immediately to Bliss The Author of the Third Sect is that of Lanthu a Chinese a great Magician who taught that his Mother carried him in her
because then the Face is disfigured on the second because then the Body begins to Putrify and on the twentieth because then the Heart Corrupts Some build Huts over the Grave and cover them with Mats because the Priest Morning and Evening for six Weeks Prays over the Grave The D. of Holstein's Embas Travels Lutherans The Lutheran Women Mourn in White Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 169. Tartars When a Sick Person lies dangerously ill they send for a Moullah who comes with the Alcoran which he opens and shuts three times saying certain Prayers and laying it upon the Sick Person 's Face if the Sick Person recover 't is attributed to the Sanctity of the Alcoran and the Moullah is Presented with a Sheep or Goat If he die all his Kindred meet and carry him to the Grave with great Testimonies of Sadness crying continually Alla Alla. When he is Interr'd the Moullah mutters certain Prayers over the Grave and is paid for his Pains according to the Wealth of the Heirs For the Poor he generally spends three days and three nights in that Exercise for the Rich he as usually spends a Month never stirring all the while from the Grave and sometimes seven or Eight M. Tavernier l. 3. c. 13. Circassians and Comanians At their Funerals the near Relations or Friends of the Dead cut their Faces and some other parts of their Bodies with sharp Flints others Prostrate themselves upon the Ground and tear their Hair so that when they return from the Burial they are all of a gore Blood However notwithstanding all this Affliction they never Pray for the Dead Idem l. 3. c. 12. Gaurs When the Gaurs are Sick they send for their Priests to whom they make a kind of Confession whereupon the Priests enjoyn them to give Alms and other good Works to gain Pardon of their Sins They neither Burn nor Bury but carry the Corps without the City to a Wall'd place where are abundance of Stakes about 7 or 8 foot high fixt in the Ground and tie the Dead Corps to one of the Stakes with his Face towards the East The People falling to their Prayers till the Crows come which those Coemeteries draw to them If the Crow fasten on the right Eye they believe the Person to be happy and for joy give large Alms and make a Feast in the Field but if upon the left Eye they return home sad without speaking to one another give no Alms nor Eat nor Drink Idem l. 4. c. 8. When a Man is just breathing his last they put the Mouth of a Dog to the Mouth of the Person Dying and cause him to Bark twice in that posture that the Soul of the Deceased may enter into the Dog who they say will deliver it into the hands of the Angel appointed to receive it When any Dog dies they carry him out of the City and Pray to God for the Carrior Idem Armenians When an Armenian Dies the Mordichou one whose Office it is to wash the Dead fetches from Church a Pot of Holy-water puts in into a great Vessel of Water in which he puts the Corps and washes it then they dress it with a new white shirt breeches wastcoat bonnet put it in a linnen Sack carry it to Church with every one a Taper in their hand there the Priest saith certain prayers sets up lighted Tapers round the Corps and so leaves it all night Next morning the Bishop or Priest saith Mass and then carry the body before the door of the Bishop's house where the Bishop comes forth and saith a prayer for the soul of the deceased then 8 or 10 of the poorer sort carry the body to the Church-yard the Priests Singing Dirges all the way till the body is let down into the grave the Bishop throwing 3 handfuls of Earth into the grave saying from Earth thou camest to Earth thou shalt return and stay there till our Lord comes Their feasts afterwards for Priests and poor are chargeable for 7 days together believing no soul departed can be saved without it Tavernier l. 4. c. 13. If a slave dies the Master writes a note let him not grieve I make him free In Mexico The Pagans buried their dead in gardens or on mountains sometimes they burn'd the body and if he was a great man they killed his chaplain and his officers to attend him and buryed his wealth with him that he might not want in the other world Ross The Priest used to attire himself at these funerals like a Devil with many mouths and glass-eyes and with his staff stir'd and mingled the ashes When the King died the Priests were to Sing his Elogies and to sacrifice 200 persons to serve him Idem Armenians When we were at Breakfast news came that a certain Bishop was dead in his return from the three Churches whither he was sent by the Patriarch to gather certain duties due from the Villages Immediately the Arch-Bishop rising from Table with all his Assistants and having made a prayer for the dead sent a Bishop and six Monks to fetch the Corps who returning a little after midnight the body was presently laid in the Church upon a Carpet spread upon the ground with the face turn'd toward the Altar In the mean time a great number of Wax-Tapers were lighted and all the rest of the night two Monks watch'd by turns to pray for the dead The next morning early the Arch-Bishop the Bishops and all in Religious orders said the Office for the dead which lasted half an hour and at the end of the Mass they brought the Corps to the Altar so that they made the feet of the Corps to touch it Then they took off the linnen cloth that cover'd his head at which time the Arch-Bishop anointed him in six places with holy oyl saying certain prayers every time Then they cover'd him again and said other prayers which lasted half an hour Then they carryed the Corps out of Church with Grosses and Banners and every one a Taper in his hand As the Corps pass'd by one of the Bishops put a paper in his right hand containing these words I came from the Father and I return to the Father Being brought to the grave upon a little mountain near the Covent and set down they said other prayers which lasted a quarter of an hour In the mean time a Bishop going down into the grave took away all the stones and made the place smooth after which the Corps was let down wrapt in a large linnen sheet Then the Bishop according to the Custom raised his head a little higher than his feet turning his face to the East Which done the Arch-Bishop and Assistants took every one a handful of Earth which the Arch-Bishop bless'd and gave it to the Bishop who strewd it over the body Then the Bishop coming out again the grave was filled up M. Tavernier l. 1. c. 4. p. 18. Nestorians Armenians and Jacobites At Bagdat if a Christian dies all the rest
Soul and Body both dye till the Resurrection So the Arabici 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  Psucho-pannuchites Held that the Soul sleeps in the Grave wth the body till the Resurrection  Manichees Corpocrates Held a Transmigration of Souls c. viz. That they might sin in other bodies  Tertullii wicked mens souls are turned into beasts or Devils a Tertulliano  Mahometans salvation consists in carnal pleasures  Muggletonians The soul of man is mortal as well as the body  Armenians Regenerate men may and do fall Finally and may sin against the Holy Ghost no assurance being possible in this Life without special Revelation And at the Resurrection shall be United to the body and both eternally blessed False Apostles Basilides Carpocrares Valentinus Cerdon Manes Familists Hieracites Salvation belongs only to the soul there being no Resurrection  Muggletonians Holy men when glorified shall have new bodies and souls given them of the very same Nature with God The Wicked shall be turned into Hell for ever and ever Atheists There is No Hell  Familists but in the consciences of men in this Life  Origenists Cacabapt c. All the most wicked yea Devils after some time shall be saved  Papists believe a Purgatory viz. a temporary punishment  Socinus Death Eternal is only a perpetual continuance in Death or Annihilation  Muggletonians No Devil but the spirit of man's unclean Reason and cursed Imagination False Prophets Samsei Prognostici Foretold things co come c.  Barcocab A Jewish Prophet who pretended to be the Star that was to arise out of Jacob  Theaurau John Another False Jewish Prophet who called himself Priest of the Jews  Mahomet The False Prophet of the Mahometans  John Reeve and Lodowick Muggleton pretended to be the Two Last Witnesses and Prophets of Christ sent to seal the Elect and Reprobate Apostates c. Aquila Ponticus first a Christian next a Gentile last a Jew  Lucian Julian Francis Spira Gross Hereticks â—hetorius Lampetius Allowed all Heresies thought none out of the Truth Veritas Simplex Error Multiplex Synonyma Hereticorum c. Historia VAlentiniani Gnostici à Valente quem Epiphanius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 appellat qui Vixit sub Antonino Pio at Philosophiae Operam dedit Platonicae Pythagoricae Aristotel Christianus vero factus fastidivit simplicilatem Doctrinae de Deo Trinitate c. Episcopatum igitur sperans cum repulsam tulisser portentosae illius haeresis author excitit Hotting vid. Dan. p. 34. Tertul. Marcionitae quorum author fuit Marcion Ponticus cognomento Nauclerus qui Cerdonis fuit Discipulus Stoicae Philosophlae addictus Idem Menandriani à Menandro Samaritano Simonis Magi Discipulo quorum communia habuit dogmata Imo ut Epiphan 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Idem Cerinthiani Merinthiani Pseudapostoli fuit enim Cerinthus Pseudapostolor Princeps qui primus Justiciariam controversiam movit ipsique Petro Joppae restitit Helcesaitae Hierachitae ab Hieracha Aegyptio Patria Leontopolite nuncupati Samosateniani Pauliani Paulistae a Paulo Samosat Episc Antioch Manichaei a Mane 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 August qu. manni 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fundens ut Discipuli cam nuncuparunt in tres sectas divisi 1. Catharistas mundatores 2. Macarios 3. Manichaeos speciarim Novatiani Cathari a Novato Afro Exteri Scriptores Gazaros perperam appellant Chiliastae Millenarii a Cerintho Judaizante qui opiniones suas ex Talmudistorum de Regno Messiae disputationib petijt Note 1. Cerinthians meant an Earthly Sensual Kingdom the Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple 2. The FF c. meant a Sabbath of 1000 Years in honest pleasures and peace after 6000 of labour the Author whereof saith Eusebius was Papias a weak man Ariani ab Ario Natione Lybe Presbytero in Beâ—calo Ecclesia in Alexandria sententia ejus fuit Christum neque suisse Deum neque aeternum sed Creaturam excellentem quidem caeteris dignitate praestantiorem ab eo variae sectae ortae sunt sed praevaluerunt Semi-ariani sive Acatiani ab Acatio Caesareae Palestinae Episcopo dicentes Christum Patri non esse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 consubstantialem sed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 similem Essentis Photiniani a Photino Sirmii Episcopo Idem docuerunt cum Samosatenianis Marcelliani a Marcello Idem docuerunt cum Samosatenianis Luciani a Lucio Episcopo Idem docuerunt cum Samosatenianis Donatistae a Donato Docuerunt 1. Se nulla Magistratus Authoritate reprimandos 2. A Catholicis baptizatos ipsi rebaptizabant 3. In homines a sua secta alienos vi armis saevierunt Montenses Romae dicti Docuerunt 1. Se nulla Magistratus Authoritate reprimandos 2. A Catholicis baptizatos ipsi rebaptizabant 3. In homines a sua secta alienos vi armis saevierunt Circumcelliones per varios mortes seipfos necantes Docuerunt 1. Se nulla Magistratus Authoritate reprimandos 2. A Catholicis baptizatos ipsi rebaptizabant 3. In homines a sua secta alienos vi armis saevierunt Macedoniani 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à Macedonio C.P. Episc Priscillianistae a Priscilliano Hispan quorum dogmata permixta sunt cum Gnosticorum Manichaeorum Nestorius fuit Episc Constantinop homo superbus in exilium ejectus putredine tandem consumptus est linguâ— vermibus exesa Theodosius voluit Nestorianos appellarâ— Simoniacos Eutyches fuit Archi-mandrita C.P. sive Abbas superblae superstitionis Monasticae plenus homo arrogans ab eo Acephali Agnoeiae Jacobitae Armenii Monothelitae c. 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for the Keble 4. A Pulpit 5. Mats on the floor 6. Alms-houses adjoyning to them commonly called Imaret 7. Cisterns of water Mahomet the 3d his Chapel in C. P. hath all the floors covered with mats and fine Turky Carpets his Tomb in the middle 8. Lamps often Seven principal Mosques upon 7 Hills in Constantinople the most stately is that of Sultan Soliman 700 in Fez in one of which are 900 Lamps No images or pictures of men women or beasts 23000 Mosques in Caire great and small M. de Thev Ancient Heathen 1. Hills and Groves For they held Temples unlawful because their Deities could nor be confined within walls Man's breast is a Temple well pleasing to God Demosth The whole world is a Temple for the Sun Alex. ab Alex. 2. Temples Wherein Consider 1. The form Some round some oblong some open-roofed 2. The situation Eastward and the windows opening Eastward to let in the Sun-beams 3. The Parts I. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the porch here was 1. An Altar for sacrifices 2. Sphnyx's image sometimes 2. Basilica the body of the Temple here was 1. An Altar for incense 2. Porticus Isles on the sides where they fixt their vows and did worldly business 3. Tholum in the Top where they hung pictures and dedicated spoyles 3. Adytum to which only Priests might come here was 1. An Altar for incense 2. Delubrum the place where the Idol stood or as some say a place to wash in Adjoyning to the Adytum were 1. Sacrarium a Sextry where were beds for the people to sit at feasts 2. Donarium where the gifts offered to the Gods called Anathema were placed The old Persians had no Temples but offered on the Tops of Hills The Pantheon at Rome was round and open at the Top 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. ☞ The Romans had no images for many years because Numa taught that God was a pure spirit c. 2. Images were first of clay then of metals Gold c. Modern Heathen The Chingulayes in Ceylon have Pagodaes Temples some of exquisite work of hewen stone engraven with images and figures others of later building only of clay and sticks and no windows some tiled some thatched Some one story high some two of these are three sorts 1. Vehars belonging to the Buddou God 1. The form foursquare like a pidgeon-house 2. The Furniture Images of men cross-leg'd with yellow coats like the Gonni Priests their hair Frizled and their hands before them like women 2. Dewals belonging to the other Gods 3. Covels or Jacchoes belonging to the Diautaus to Devils built by private persons who are themselves Priests In these two last are painted sticks Targets bills arrows spears swords images of monstrous shapes Cap. Knox. In some places are Gold and Jewels The Inhabitants of Guinea lay their Idols and offer their Sacrifices in Woods before great Hollow Trees The Persees call their Temples Eggarees The Bannyans Pagods are commonly under the Bannyan Trees Arbores de Rays i. e. de radicibus or as others call them ficus Indicae Sr. Th. Herb. Trav. The Indians have in all their Pagods an Oval flint-stone which they fetch from Ganges and worship as a God perhaps because they have heard that a circle is the most perfect of all figures Tavernier part 2. l. 2. c. 5. The Mexicans call their Temples Teucally i. e. God's House built of great stones in the fashion of Snakes tyed one to another on the top a fine pillar wrought with small stones as black as jett on the top of the pillar battlements c. Diabolical The Place of meeting which the Devil appoints for witches c. Is usually on some common or the middle of a Green Glanvil Dr. d ee had all his actions with spirits or most of them in his study and in his study or Oratory 1. A stone or stones brought him by a spirit called from its use a Shew-stone sometimes Principal stone first Sanctified stone a Chrystal c. In which a person qualified might see apparitions and hear voices And in it was often to be seen a Curtain or Veil as if the stone it self were some personated sanctuary 2. A Holy Table which is now preserv'd and to be seen in Sr. Tho. Cottin's Library 3. A Carpet 4. Table-Cloth 5. Cushion 6. Candlestick 7. Taper I make no Question but the Devil in all these things had a respect to the Ceremonial law especially Dr. Mer. Casaub pref to Dr. Dee's Actions with spirits In New-England the witch meeting was in a field near Salem Cotton Mather 3. Respect to places of Worship Jewish 1. None but the High Priest entered into the Holy of Holies and he but once a year 2. None but the Clean were to enter into the sanctuary And therefore on the pillars was writ Let no stranger enter into the Holy place 3. Whoso fled to the Temple and there laid hold upon the Horns of the Altar if guilty only of casual murder might not be taken thence Ex. 21.14 1. Kin. 2.28 4. No man was to carry any vessel through the Temple 5. The Synagogues had such inscriptions as these This is the gate of the Lord the righteous shall enter into it Prayer without attention is like a body without a Soul Silence is commendable in time of prayer 6. The Rulers made such Canons as these 1. That no man should go into the Temple with a staff 2. Or with his shoes on 3. Or till they had wiped the dust off from their feet 4. Or come with money tied up in a purse Or use a scrip or bag-purse 5. Or spit in the Temple 6. Or use any irreverent gesture there but go gravely to the place where they were to stand and neither sit lean or lye but stand only that being a praying posture Dr. Lightfoot Christian 1. They came into the Churh as into the palace of the Great King with fear and Trembling Chrysost Ep. ad Hebr. c. 9. 2. They used to wash their hands before they entered Idem Hom. 52. in Mat. 3. Emperours left their guards behind put off their crowns laid down their arms when they went to Church Dr. Cave Prim. Christian 4. They carried themselves there with the most profound silence and devotion The Choir of the Armenian Church at Egmasin was hung round with Venetian Tissue of Gold the pavement of both Choir and body of the Church spread with Tapestry for they all put off their shoes before they go into Church Nor do the Armenians kneel as in Europe but stand all the while upright Mons Tavernier l. 1. c. 3. The Abyssins have no seats in their Churches for they neither sit nor kneel but always stand at Divine service according to the Ancient Canons which the Greeks and Russes also observe to this day as believing it more becoming the reverence due to the place and more proper for attention then to sit Job Ludolphus Hist of Ethiop ch 6. To prevent weariness the Abyssins
wine c. Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 152. Mahometan Persian Ranon el-avel 31 days On Christmas-Eve in Fez they eat Sallads of green Herbs Rosse Turkish-Dgiamazil ewel 30 days Ancient Heathen Dec. 17. Saturnalia proper to men lasting 3 days To which were added Sigillaria to make up 7 days At this Festival they had Feasts Dancing filthy Sonsg New-years-gifts Strenas The Heads of Slaves were covered with a Pileus as a Symbol of Liberty and attended by their Masters Dec. 19. Opalia Saturnalia The Druids at the End of the Year Offered Oke-branches to Jupiter crying Come to the Oke-branches the New Year Dec. 21. Angeronalia Angeronae Deae Macrob. Herculi Cereri de Mulso Idem 22. Feriae Laribus dicatae Compitalia Ludi Laribus 23. Feriae Jovis Larentinalia Plut. Var. Ovid. 24. Juvenalis dies Octavus Saturn additus Suet. unde Juvenales ludi Jan. 1. Jani Junonis Gamelia Junoni 8. Sacrificium Jani 9. Agonalia 11. Carmentalia a Feast dedicated to Evander's Mother Solemnized with the recital of Prophetic Verses 12. Compitalia Solemnized in Streets and High-ways where the Heads of Poppies and Onions were Offered up to the Lares instead of Infants which had been Offered before till prohibited by Junius Brutus Modern Heathen The Saxons called December Giuli from the Conversion of the Sun and encrease of the Days from Giul a Wheel in Gothic And in the old Runic Fasti their Feast was signified by a wheel which lasted 12 days whereon they Feasted and sent Presents one to another and offered Sacrifice to the Sun to express their Joy for the Return of the Sun Dr. Stillingfleet 11. In Sebat January February Jewish 5. A Fast The Elders dye that were the Equals of Joshua the Son of Nun. Scal. 23. A Fast All the Israelites gathered together against Benjamin because of the Harlot and Idol of Micha Scal. Ancient Christian Sr. Matthew Hale had for many years a particular Devotion for Christmas day and after he had received the Sacrament and been in the performance of the publick worship of that day he commonly wrote a Copy of verses on the honour of his Saviour as a fit expression of the joy he felt in his Soul at the return of that glorious Anniversary There are seventeen of those Copies printed which he writ on several Christmas days Dr. Burnet in his life Feb. 1. Ignatius Bishop and Martyr A Popish Festival Feb. 2. Stratenia Gospoda Boga Candlemas-Day a Feast of the Muscovites Papists Protestants c. With the Papists upon this day is a Procession in memory of that procession which Joseph and Mary made to the Temple This Feast was instituted in the time of Justinian upon a great mortality which then happen'd and Candles this day are carried with great solemnity to shew that our light should shine before men that Christ who was this day presented in the Temple is the true light of the world and that like wise Virgins whereof Mary was the chief we should have our lamps ready Feb. 10. William Confessor Mahometan Persian Kanon elsahi 31. Feb. Turkish Dgiamazil ahhir 29 Days Ancient Heathen Jan. 13. Tibicines habitu muliebri Vrbemlustrabant Plut. Jan. 15. Carmentalia relata et Porrime et Postverte Jan. 24. Circa hoo tempus Sementinae Feriae non state quidem sed indictae 29. Equiria in Campo Martio 31. Sacra deis Penat qui Patrii et Vrbani dicti sunt Feb. 1. Lucaria Elaphobolia Diane sacra a cervis dicta Feb. 13. Fauni festum et Jovis 15. Lupercalia the solemnities of Pan wherein 1. A dog and two goats were offered 2. Two Noblemen's Sons were to have their foreheads dipped in milk and dried up with wool 3. The youths must laugh and cutting thongs out of the goat-skins must run naked through the streets their privities only covered and strike all they meet especially young wives to help concepcion and safe Travel 12. In Adar Febuary March Jewish 7. A Fast Moses our master died who rests in peace Scal. 9. A Fast The School of Sammai and the School of Hillel began to contend amongst themselves Idem 13. A Festival Nicanor is slain Scal. Adar 14 and 15. Purim or the Feast of Lots Esth 9.21 Instituted by Mordecai in remembrance of the Jews deliverance from Haman before whom lots were cast daily for destruction of them On these two days they read the book of Hesther and at the mention of Haman beat with fists and hammers upon the benches and boards Otherwise they spend the time in Bacchanal riots and excess for as Dr. Addison tells us they have a rule that at this time they should drink till they cannot distinguish between Cursed be Haman and Blessed be Mordecai which are expressions in the service of the day Ancient Christian Mar. 1. S. David's Feast is celebrated especially by the Inhabitants of Wales whose Tutelar Saint he is reputed to be and accordingly is put in the Popish Kalendar Mar. 7. Tho. Aquinas a St. of the Roman Catholics Mar. 12. S. Gregory the Great Pa. Rom. Mar. 17. S. Patric Bishop celebrated in the Popish Church Mahometans Persian Chaabat 28. or 29. 4th Day of this Moon they have prayers in their Mosches till mid-night and then return home and feast This Festival is because of the Lent which comes two months after Turkish Redgeb ai 30. d. Mar. 1. Called by the Persians Scheual the Persians solemnize a feast which they call Chummehater in memory of Haly's taking possession of the estate of his Cousin and Father in-law Mahomet Mar. 3. Another called Tzar Schembesur i. e. the 4th sad Sabbath because say the Persians 't is an unlucky day on this day they shut their shops work not put away no money lest they should do nothing else all the year after swear not nor make any debauches Ancient Heathens Feb. 18. Quirinaliorum Stultorum Feriae Fornacalia indicta deae Fornacali Sacra Feralia diis Manibus 19. Deae Mutae 20. Charistia i. e. Sacra Cognatorum when Relations met and bestowed gifts mutually 21. Terminalia 27. Equiria in Campo Mart. Mar. 1. Matronalia or the Womens Saturnals foemineae Calendae The day on which anciently the Sabine Dames decided the Battle between their parents and husbands On this day the more dainty women sat at home in great chairs richly adorned receiving gifts c. In Romulus's time the year began on Mar. 1. 14. Equiria altera apud Tyberim vel si aquis increverit in Caelio Monte. Annae Perennae Parricidium viz. Jul. Caesaris Modern Heathens Houly a Feast at full Moon in February kept in the E. Indies in Caboul with great devotion the Pagods filled with people who come to pray and make their oblations there cloathed in red visiting their friends in Masquerade dancing by companies in the streets to the sound of Trumpets those of the same tribe eat together and at night make bonefires ended with a child shooting arrows to the figure of a Giant to
Faithful or the Revenues of the Church one part was to be allowed to the Bishop two parts for Church Repairs and the Poor and one for the Clerks or Clergy according to their Merits Idem Sum. Decr. Simpl. Pa. 6. That the offerings of such as did not receive the Lord's Supper as did oppress the Poor as laid violent hands upon themselves were not to be accepted Idem c. So also of such as had delivered up their Children to be Baptized by Hereticks Idem 7. That Oblations were not to be made in Lent Idem Mahometan The Mahometan Pilgrims in commemoration of Abraham's Sacrifice offer upon the Plain near Medina 400000 Sheep on the Day of the little Bairam M. de Thev Ancient Heathen 1. Obs the kinds of Sacrifices 1. Humane Sacrifices were offered to Saturn in Carthage c. To Jupiter Apollo Mars Neptune Bacchus Juno Diana Pallas Mercury Moloch c. Amongst the Romans Scythians Cauls Aegyptians c. And some Indians now 2. Beasts and Birds c. 1. White to the Supernal Gods 2. Black to the Infernal 2. A Bull to Jupiter Mars Apollo Neptune Luna the Heroes A Ram to Mars and Jupiter A Horse to Sol and Mars A Doe to Minerva and Pan. A Lamb to Juno and Faunus A Dove to Venus A Sow to Ceres and Cybele A Hog to Sylvanus A Cock to the Lares A He-Goat to Bacchus The Women prostituted their own Bodies to Venus at her Temple for the use of Strangers They must all be 1. Of Fair Colour 2. Free from blemish 3. Not used to Labour 4. Such as they had received no profit from They chose proper Garlands to adorn the Men Sacrifices Altars Vessels e. g. In the Service of Bacchus Myrtle Ceres the Oak Hercules Poplar Apollo Lawrel They chose proper Fewel for the Altars Myrtle for Venus Ash for Mars Oak for Jove c. Natalis Comes tells of Vengeance inflicted for improper Fewel out of Pausanias c. They used proper Seasons of Service In the Morning to the Spernal In the Evening to the Infernal Proper Places On the Plain to the Terrestrial On Hills to the Supernal In Grots and Caves to the Infernal Modern Heathen The East-Indians offer Sacrifice some of them to the Sea and generally to the Idol in their Pagods M. de Thev In Guinea c. if the Fishermen have not a good draught they present a Piece of Gold to the Priest to reconcile them to the frowning Saint who with his Wives makes a kind of Procession through the Streets smiting his Breast clapping his hands with a mighty noise 'till he come to the shoar where they cut down Boughs from certain Trees and hang them on their Necks playing on Timbrels then the Priest turns to the Wives and expostulates with them and throws Wheat and other things into the Sea as an Offering to the Fetisso View of the Engl. Acqu in Guinea c. In Pegu and Bengala the Idols are honoured with Lights continually burning before them Rosse In Goa they wash in a Cistern near the Idol and offer Rice Eggs c. Idem The Gaurs Kids Hens Pigeons In Malabar they Sacrifice Flowers and Cocks to their Idol In Narsinga the Pilgrims offer Gold Silver and Jewels to their Idol Idem In Virginia they offered Tobacco c. In Mexico c. Men. Idem Diabolical Witches give their Soul and Body to the Devil And permit the Devil to suck their Blood once in 24 hours And destroy the lives of as many as they can in Devotion to the Devil Glanvil In Amboyna they offer him Meat and Drink and light a Wax-Candle in a certain place of their Houses and if he comes not they eat most of the Consecrated Meat themselves Mandelslo The like they do in Ceylon Capt. Knox. 4. Purifications Washings c. Jewish PUrification by Water was long in use with the Jews though not Sacramental therefore they expected it at the coming of the Messiah John 1.25 They question'd not his Baptism but his Authority Godw. Antiq. To make a Woman-Profelyte of the Covenant was required Purification by Water and Oblation viz. two Turtles or Pigeons to a Male-Profelyte Circumcision together with Purification and Oblation Idem Purification was used 1. To Males before Circumcision 2. To Women-Proselytes of the Covenant 3. To Women after Child-birth as the Law requires Lev. 12. but with this difference among the Modern Jews That after the birth of a Daughter the Wife retires for 66 or 70 Days her Husband not being permitted to touch her Finger or Clothes or cut in the same Dish or drink in the same Cup with her 'till she hath been washt c. Dr. Addison 4. To Churches Vessels c. Ancient Christian Hither may be referred the Baptism of Christiaus which is a kind of Purification though we have spoken of it before in the Chapter of Sacraments as may also the Lord's Supper in which the Souls of true Believing Communicants are purified in the Blood of Christ that Lamb of GOD which takes away the sins of the World This is that Fountain which was open'd on purpose for sin and for uncleanness which purifies more than the Refiners fire or the Fuller's Soap But ordinarily Repentance is the Christian's purification and that which disposeth and makes us meetly qualified for the Ordinances before-mentioned both which are but declarative of this and supposed in the Judgment of Christian Charity both in Baptism and the Lord's Supper Other Purifications have been added in succeeding Ages by the Papists especially as 1. Purification or Dedication of Churches by Praying Sprinkling the Walls with holy Water and a bundle of Hysop the Clergy and People going about and singing the Bishop knocking the Door with his Crosier saying Lift up your heads O ye gates c. Then entering in with three Servants wishing Peace three times to the House then on his knees to the Altar and praying whilest the Clergy without sing the Litany who afterwards carry in the Relicks of the Saint to which the Church is Dedicated The Walls are painted Salt Water Ashes and Wine are exercised and mixt into which the Bishop having dipt his Thumb makes the sign of the Cross on the Altar Walls Pavement offers Incense blesseth the Church Preacheth c. all enter the Church singing c. 2. Of Altars by going about them 7 times and sprinkling them with Water and Hysop 7 times having first made 4 Crosses on the 4 Horns of the Altars 3. The Putinae the Corporal Chalice Linnen Pix Fonts Crosses Images First-Fruits Holy-Water Salt Church-Yard Bells Easter-Tapers Chests wherein the Relicks of the Saints are kept c. And these Purified or Consecrated with Prayers Washing Crossing Ancinting Incense c. Mahometan The Turks have two kinds of Ablutions 1. Gousl viz. a general washing of the whole body after lying with their Wives Nocturnal Pollution Urine or any Unclean Thing touching them 2. Abdest viz. only of the Hands always before Prayers 3. After easing of
Gold They gave the Guests VVine cakes at their Departure Dr. Holyday The new Bride and Bride-groom sacrificed a white Hog perhaps to signify the fruitfulness of Marriage Divorces allowed among the Romans to one person 8 times beyond that number was accounted Adultery v. Mart. l. 6. Aut minus aut certe non plus tricesima lux est Et nubit decimo jam Telesina viro Quae nubit toties non nubit Adultera lege est Modern Heathen In the East-Indies they Marry their Children very young and in the Province of Baglana Celebrate the Marriage and bed the Children much sooner than in many places of the Indies viz. at 8 or 10 years old A Gentile Marries at any age and cannot have several VVives at a time provided he Marries a Maid and one of his own Caste Many Ceremonies are to be seen at their VVeddings At certain times in great Towns 500 or 600 are Celebrated in a day and nothing to be seen in the Streets but enclosures at the front of the Husband's House made with Poles or Canes covered with Tapestry c. Before the Wedding they make a Cavalcade through the Town with Musick and much Pomp then a Bramen having said some Prayers over both puts a Cloth betwixt the Husband and the VVife and orders the Husband with his naked Foot to touch the naked Foot of his Wife and that compleats the Marriage M. de Thev In Negapatan in the East-Indies the Priest with a Cow and Man and VVoman together go to the River-side where the Bramen mutters over a short Prayer links their Hands about the Cows Tail forces the Beast into the River having first poured upon them his Holy Oyl where they go as far as they can with the Beast and then returning to shore their hands are united and they Married Diabolical In Amboyna they who worship the Devil at Marriage use no Ceremonies for the parties being agreed the Bridegroom's Father carries a Present of some Toys to the Bride and the Bride's Father makes a Feast at which they have Musick of Tabors and Lologo or Dances in the Honour of Nito and so consummate the Marriage which they break with the same facility they contracted it for the VVives leve their Husbands upon the least discontent and the next day they Marry another Mandelsto Funerals Jewish ABraham buried Sarah in a Cave Gen. 23. Saul was buried in a Grove or under an Oak 1 Cor. 10. They used also burning of thir Dead 1 Sam. 31.12 Amos 6.10 Their common Epitaph is Let his Soul be in the bundle of Life with the Rest of the Just Rosse They used to Mourn for the Dead c. At present among the Jews in Barbary the way is thus 1. A Jew being sick a Rabbi is sent for who 1. Draws up an Envoy of his Estate 2. Takes account of his Debts 3. Provides for the Payment 4. The remainder is disposed 1. In a double Dowry to the Wife to what was promised 2. In Alms to Orphans 3. In Alms to Widows 4. In a Legacy to the Synagogue and Holy House i. e. the Temple expected at the coming of the Messiah 2. When like to Die he confesseth his Faith and in the short Oration is recommended to mercy 3. Is Buried within the Natural day after departure the Corps being washed and if rich in Rose-water Orange-flowers c. put in a clean shirt drawers and a strip of Linnen and after all in a very white sheet and Cossin 4. The Relations stir not abread for seven days after interrment 5. The Corps is carried by four persons to the place of Burial 6. At the Grave some certain parcels of Divine Service are said Dr. Addison See more in the Second Book Mr. Rosse relates other usages as covering the face tearing a piece of thier Garments Bowing the Thumb Stretching out the other Fingers Casting a shell after the Corps Casting grass over their Heads Changing their Seat 7 times in the Synagogue Going bare-foot 7 days Burning Candles 7 days c. Ancient Christian In the Funerals of the Ancient Christians I Observe 1. That one of the nearest Relations shut the Eyes of the person Deceased So S. Augustine saith concerning his Mother Premebam Oculos ejus 2. Sometimes to comfort themselves in the Affliction they Sung Psalms together as in the forecited instance of Monica's Funeral S. Austine tells us Euodius took a Psalter and begun to sing to whom all the House answered I will sing of Mercy and Judgment c. Upon which many Brethren and Devout Women gathered together and joyned with them See also Dr. Cave 3. When the Corps was brought to the Grave or Sepulcher and there laid down Prayers were said vide Aug. Confess l. 9. c. 12. 4. Orations were often made in commendation of the Party Deceased with Exhortations to the People to imitate so good an Example 5. They were not always careful for costly Funerals or embalming of their Corps or choice Monuments as S. Austine saith in these respects his Mother took no thought Nec mortuos coronamus Min. Faelix 6. They also carried Lighs burning before the Corps signifying they were as Champions c. Dr. Cave out of S. Chrysost Note 1. Eutychianus Papa statuit ut Martyres cuni Dalmatica aut Colobio Sepelirentur 2. Cerei in Coemeteriis non incendantur Conc. Eliber c. 34. 3. Ne Foeminae in Coemeteriis pervigilent ne sub obtentu Orationis Scelera committantur Ibid. Mahometan 1. After Death of any the People fall a howling loud 2. Friends come in and weep in singing doleful tones with them praising the Deceased thus He loved me so well gave me plenty of every thing c. and the rest say the same Sometimes they hire Mourning women 3. They wash the Corps shave off the Hair burn Incense about him to scare away ill Spirits wrap him up in a Sheet 4. Pray to God to be merciful to him 5. Put him into a Coffin or Bier cover'd with a Pall which is Green for a Scherif Red for a Soldier c. with a Turbant overthwart it c. 6. Carry it to the Burying place the Priests going before saying Prayers then the Friends Women crying like mad 7. Put it in the Grave and leave the Women to make lamentation The Persians place the Body Westward Burying-places always without the Town They use Tombs of Marble-stones erected Epitaphs as we M. de Thev Mahomet the Third lies buried in the midst of a Chappel at C. P. about fifty foot square with four high small round Towers about which are small round Galleries of Stone from which the Priests call to service His Tomb a great Cossin of Marble about five foot high at the end covered with a Hearse-cloath of Gold his Turbant standing at his Head and two great Candles of Wax three or four yards long in guilded Candlesticks the one at his Head the other at his Feet never burning but standing for shew Round about his Tomb
are Tombs for his Wives and Children In another Chappel at C. P. lies buried Sultan Selim with his 37 Children about him his Grandfather In another Amaruth his Father with 45 Children only Emperors and Bassaes Thus others are buried in Fields with Marble Stones at the Head another at the Feet Ancient Heathen The Romans burned the Bodies of the Dead that the Soul might be purged in Fire before it ascended to the Stars Quintil. Declam 10. Yet they excepted from this burning the Bodies of Traitors Tyrants Killers of their Masters Feloes de se Young Infants The four first as profane the Infants as needing no purgation The Grave of an Infant was called Suggrundium of others Bustum The Egyptians and Persians used not burning At Funerals were used Orations Sword-plays and Feasts and a Doal among the Romans The Romans first buried in their private Houses To bury in the City was forbidden by a Law Hominem mortuum endo Vrbe nei sepelito neive urito in a Roman Edict it was prohibited to burn the Dead within two miles of the City The Rich were buried in their own Suburbane Fields where stately Monuments were erected on the sides of the publick ways as of the Via Flaminia the ground for so many Feet consecrated The Poor at Puticulae so called from the little Pits or Graves Among the Lacedemonians and in some parts of Greece and at last in Rome it self Burial was admitted within the City Lastly it was admitted in the Temples Amongst the Druids whatever was dear to Great Persons whilst living was sent to the Fire after them when dead viz. Living Creatures Servants or Clients Caes de Bell. Gall. Vide plura in Parte Secunda Modern Heathen In the East-Indies the Ceremony of Burying differs according to Places In some places they carry the Body cloathed in goodly Apparel sitting in a Chair with the beat of a Drum with the attendance of Friends and Relations and after the usual ablution the Body is surrounded with wood and the Wife who hath followed in Triumph hath her Seat prepared there where she places her self singing and seeming very desirous to die a Bramen ties her to a Stake in the middle of the Funeral Pile and sets fire to it the Friends pour Odoriferous Oyls into it In other places the Bodies are carried to the River-side put in the water and washed and then the Wife holding her Husband on her Knees and recommending her self to the prayers of the Bramen she desires him to set fire to the Pile In some places they fill deep Pits with combustible matter and throw the Body in and the Wife after she hath sung and danced to shew the firmness of their resolution and sometimes the Maid-slaves throw themselves after their Mistresses to shew their Love In other places the Husband is interred with his Legs a-cross and the Wife put into the same Grave alive and when the Earth is filled up to their Neck they are strangled by the Bramens The Woman being burnt with all their Ornaments of Gold Silver c. the Bramens pick up all that is precious out of the Ashes none else being suffered to touch them But the Mahometan Governours endeavour to suppress this Barbarous Custom M. de Theven They believe that when People die they go into another World and will have occasion for many of the same things they use here Courts Jewish 1. ECclesiastical the Synagogues Mat. 10.17 the end of them was to put a difference between things Holy and Unholy Clean and Unclean and to determine Controversies It was a Representative Church Mat. 18.16 Tell the Church They had Power of Excommunication which was of three Degrees 1. Niddui putting out of the Synagogue Joh. 9.22 It prohibited the Person for 30 days more or less 1. Society with any within four Cubits 2. Eating and Drinking with any 3. Use of the Marriage-Bed 4. Shaving Washing It allowed him To be at Divine Service To teach and be taught To hire Servants or be hir'd 2. Cherem Anathema done in publick with Curses and Candles 3. Schamatha Maranatha Excommunicatio in Secreto Nominis Tetragrammati an Excommunication to Death 1 Joh. 5.16 The President herein was the High-Priest next his Sagan 2. Civil 1. The Sanhedrim from whence was no Appeal The Place the Paved Chamber of the Court of the Temple Joh. 19.13 The Judges 71 in number out of every Tribe six except Levi and out of that but four Junius 2. The Lesser Consistory Two-fold 1. Consisting of 23 Aldermen two at Jerusalem one at the Door of the Court before the Temple the other at the Door of the Mount of the Temple and in most Cities one kept in the Gates 2. Of 3 Aldermen erected in lesser Cities in the Gates These sate not on Lise and Death Ancient Christian It is not to be expected that the Primitive Christians could have any Civil or Political Courts having as yet got no Civil Power or Government into their hands till the time of Constantine the Great And as for the Ecclesiastical neither could that be so regular and compleat as might be desired For though we read of the Synod of the Apostles Acts 15. Roman Caesarian Gallick Pontick Ostroenick Asiatick Arabick c. before the Reign of Constantine the Great yet no General Council till then viz. A. Chr. 325 kept at Nice called Oecumenick or General as afterwards at Constantinople Ephesus Chalcedon and two more at Constantinople all which are universally acknowledged and these were 1. Called by the then present Emperor 2. They were free for all Bishops Priests and Deacons I think I am in the right for at Nice there was an infinite number of all Degrees of Ecclesiasticks Bishops Priests and Deacons 3. They took upon them the Censure of Doctrines and Practices 4. They had power of inflicting Penalties of Suspension Deposition Excommunication The Civil Government was various according to the Places and Countries But whatever it was the Ecclesiastical Persons bore a part of the burden in many places the Common People often making application to them in cases of difference as St. Augustine frequently complains that he was over-charged with the trouble of Arbitrations between his Neighbours c. It being expected that they who were the Messengers of Grace and Peace should be both skilful and willing to promote Peace among their Neighbours Mahometan They who have place in the Divan are 1. Visiers 2. Cadilesquers 3. Beglerbegs 4. Nischangi viz. the Keeper of the Seals 5. Defterdais or Treasurers 6. Many Secretaries or Clerks 7. Capigi Basha and Chiaux Basha keep the Door All Persons of any Quality Country Religion may be heard here The Grand Visier sits as Judge A Tryal shall not last above four or five Hours at most here M. de Thev The Musti sits with the King every Day in Judgment except Friday when the King sits alone Rosse Persons here plead their own Causes Tavern Divano a Court near the Emperor's or Grand
If the Soul had done evil it was adjudged to perpetual Prisons if well it had an easy return to Life by Transmigration That God judges according to the plurality or paucity of Merits or Demerits Seven sorts of Pharisees according to Godw. Jew Antiq. 1. Pharisaus Sichemita 2. Truncatus that upon pretence of Meditation would searce draw his Foot from the ground 3. Impingens that to avoid seeing a Woman would wink and run his head against a wall 4. Quid Debeo facere faciam Luke 18. 5. Mortarius wearing a Hat like a Mortar to look only downward of forward 6. Ex Amore. See the next pag Godw. ibid. 7. Ex Timore See the next pag Godw. ibid. Pharisees their History Pharisees from Phares to divide or Parash to expose to publick view or Parash to Expound They were a crafty and subtil generation of Men and so perverse even to Princes themselves that they would not fear many times openly to Affront and oppose them Dr. Cave out of Joseph Ant. Jud. l. 17. c. 3. Much Affected and Esteem'd of the Populace Id. Therefore Alexander Jannaus when he lay a dying advised his Queen by all means to comply with this fort of men imputing his own miscarriages to the Offences he had given them Id. ex eod Infinitely proud and insolent surly and ill-natur'd hating all mankind but themselves censuring all who were not of their way greatly Zealous to gather Proselytes and then making them not more Religious but more fierce censorious heady two-fold more the Children of Wrath discriminating themselves from the Herd by Long-Robes broad Rhylacteries large Fringes long Prayers frequent Easting domure Looks a whing Tone c. Idem They were an improvement of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Mac. 2.42 Those that voluntarily performed somethings which the Law required not who divided themselves from the rest of the Profane World which did not as they did nay from the Asidei themselves who performed as much as they but did not think themselves or others obliged by Law to do so And therefore were 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pharisees Separaters from other Men Not an Order settled by Law but only a Sect of which some of all Orders of men were and indeed a prevailing Sect taken up by most of the chief Men of the Nation the Elders in the Sanhedrim and Rulers in the Consistories therefore called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dr. Hammond Annot. on Luke 14.1 Hillal and Sammai were two chief Masters amongst them of Divers Sects The Jews reckon 7 kind of Pharisees The Essenes were divided into 1. Cloisterers Collegiates 1. Married 2. Continent 2. Eremites solitary Persons The 7 Kinds were 1. Siehemitoe which measured Piety by Honour and Profit as the Sichemites which for the Marriage of Dinab would be Circumcised 2. Nacphi which lifted not their Foot from the ground 3. Kisai draw-blood which would smite their head to the wall to draw blood and shut their Eyes that they might not behold a woman 4. Makehobathi that stood on their own Perfection the word signifies what is my sin 5. Meduchia which went low and stooping 6. The Pharisee of Love which obeyed the Law for Love of Vertue or Reward Abraham's Pha. 7. Of Fear or Job's Pharisee which obeyed for fear of Punishment Essees so called from a word which signifies Rest or Silence Sealiger Essoei qu 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phil. Jud. Pliny l. 5. c. 17. placeth them on the West of the Dead Sea above 4000 in Number avoiding Riches and Pleasures as sins not Marrying but instructing the Children of others not meddling with War or Merchandise Neither Swearing nor Lying their Society such that one Garment one House one Food Treasury one getting spending one life served to them all Purchas Oyl and Neatness they Shun yet wore always a white Garment they worshipped towards the East given to the Study of Physick ascribing all things to Fate Offering inanimate Sacrifices as Pythagoreans and given much to silence keeping every seventh week a Pentecost careful to preserve the Names of Angels Rosse 3. Samaritans Nazarites Rechabites Samaritans 1. Name and Distinction SO called from Samaria the Countrey where they dwelt and the place where they worshipped for their Temple was on Mount Gerizim Of these were four Sects Dositheans Sebueans Essens Gorthens 2. Original Manasses Brother to Jaddus the High-Priest in Jerusalem being Married to Sanballat the Horouite's Daughter by reason of Nehemiah's charge of putting away their strange wives being forced either to put away his wife or not be Priest got leave of Sanballat to build a Temple on Gerizim a Hill in Samaria whither many Apostate Jews fled together with Manasses their High-Priest 3. Errors 1. They as well as the Sadduces rejected Traditions and other Scripture save the Pentateuch 2. They denied also the Resurrection but held that there was Angels 3. Sacrificed at the Temple on Mount Gerizim 4. Allowed no Commerce with the Jews John 4.9 being Excommunicated in Secreto nomine Tetragrammati by Ezra and Nehemiah so that they should have no part in the resurrection Nazarites 1. Name These were Votaries Numb 6. So called from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to separate 2. Office They separated themselves from 1. Wine Strong-drink c. 2. The Dead 3. The Rasour 3. Distinction Some were Nazarites 1. For Life as Sampson John Baptist c. 2. For 30 days as Absalom Paul Acts 21.24 3. Mystically as Christ Mat. 2.3 Rechabites We have little account of them save only out of S. Scripture Jer. 35.2 3. c. Viz. That they were so called from Rechab their Father that they neither did 1. Drink Wine nor 2. Sow Seed 3. Nor build Houses 4. Nor Plant Vine-yards 5. But lived in Tents all their days like strangers Ossens Ossent are added by Epiphanius which seem to be derived from the Essens but they Worshipped Angels Col. 2.21 And the Sun called thence Sampsaeans one of whose chief Doctors was one Elxai in the time of Trajan who taught Aequivocation forbade Praying to the Eastward detested Sacrifices acknowledged a She-holy Ghost c. Mahometan Sects Turks 1. The Turks pretend that Aboubeker was the lawful Successor of Mahomet Omar Successor of Aboubeker Osman of Osmar Aly of Osman Whom the Persians execrate the Memory of Some reduce the difference of Turks and Persians to these 4 Heads 1. A different Explication of the Alcoran 2. Diversity of Saints 3. Diversity of Miracles 4. Diversity of Mosques and Ceremonies 3. The Turks are called Sunni because they follow also Counsels of Devotion besides the commands of their Law M. de Thev 4. They call to Prayers from the tops of Twoers 5. In praying the Sunni hold their hands one over another upon the stomach 6. Among the Turks for a Christian to dispute with them about matters of Faith is punishable by Death M. de Thev Persians The Religion of the Persians is the same in substance with that of the Turks tho no Nations in the
confession and upon a heinous crime riseth up and after a sharp rebuke cries out Hast thou done this Dost thou not fear God Go to let him be scourged 30 or 40 times Tellez One to avoid a sharp and open Absolution desired to be heard in private to whom the Metropolitan How shall not thy sins be made manifest at the last days before all the world Tell therefore what it is Confession being made that it was stealing Oxen the Offender being present he was constrained to restore the Oxen and undergo a severe penalty beside Ludolph Armenians When an Armenian confesseth e. g. Robbery Murder c. the Confessor tells him God is merciful c. But if eating Butter on a Friday or day of fasting Oh! a grievous Crime and severe Penances enjoyn'd for it as fasting several months refraining six months from his Wife M. de Thevenot The Priests give Absolution indifferently for all sins F. Sim. Extream Unction is not administred till after Death and commonly given only to Priests Georgians If they have no Children by their Wives they divorce from them by permission of the Priests and marry others So also in case of Adultery and Quarrelling Muscovites They forbid Polygamy as also Fourth Marriages by Succession as also marriage of two brothers to two sisters and of Godfathers and Godmothers Young men and maids may not see one another nor speak together before marriage or make any promise by word or writing D. of Holstein 's Embaessad Travels See more in the second book Indians They were married by the first Priest they found Abissines Polygamy is tolerated by the Civil Magistrate but not allowed by the Church and such as marry more than one are prohibited from the Holy Sacrament Alvarez tells of his own knowledge that his Host at Dobarra had 3 Wives and by them 37 Children for which he was not admitted to Church Communion till he had put two of them away Their Kings have many Wives and Concubines the Laws of their Church and Nation not agreeing well together Marriages of Kindred forbidden even to distant degrees for the Ethiopians wanting Terms of Distinction call all one another Sisters and Brothers Thus a Church-man may not marry his brother's Wife but a Lay-person may No Marriages but such as are approved by Divine Authority are honour'd with Sacerdotal Benediction nor those publickly in the Church unless they be such Clergy-men to whom the Hallelujah is sung Other people are married at home or before the Church-doors All secular persons may throw off the Yoke when they please and do often upon light causes by determination of the King's Judges Job Ludolph l. 3. Armenians They marry their Children very young sometimes promise them as soon as born and often marry them at 7 or 8 years old bur tho the Priest perform the Ceremonies then yet they defer the consummation till the usual time M. de Thev The Priest brings them near the Altar reads several Prayers blesses the marriage by holding a Wooden Cross over them joyning their hands and heads together yet so that the Bride's Head touches the Bridegroom's Breast then they communicate afterward the Priest casts Rose-water upon them and ties a Scarf about the Bride 's Right Hand by which the Bridegroom leads her D. of Holst Emb. Maronites They make no publication in Church of marriages before the solemnity They go to any Priest to marry them They marry sometimes under the age of 12 or 14. They suffer not two brothers to marry two sisters nor the Father and Son to marry Mother and Daughter F. Simon out of Daudini the Jesuit Mengrelians Young maids out of the Nunneries are allowed to confess baptize marry and perform all other Ecclesiastical Functions which I never knew practis'd in any other part of the World beside Tavernier l. 3. c. 10. The Bishop dissolves marriages when they please and then marry again after they have sold the first if they are not married to their fancy they take another for a time and pay her as the Turks do Idem Faith and Vsages Greeks 2. Of their Faith and Vsages c. Divine Service Prayer THey have 4 Liturgies viz. One of S. James 5 hours long used once every year of S. Chrysostom to be read almost every day in the year of S. Basil and of S. Gregory They use Pictures and burn Lamps before them Perfume them with Incense begin and end their Prayers with Bowings and Crossing before them But abhor all Carved Images They Pray to Saints and thus teach their Children and privately Pray themselves morning and evening All Holy Lady Mother of God Pray for us sinners All Coelestial Powers of Angels and Arch-Angels Pray for us sinners Holy John Ptophet and Fore-runner and Baptist of our Lord Jesus Christ pray c. Holy Orthodox Apostles Prophets and Martyrs and all Saints pray c. O Sacred Ministers of God our Fathers Shepherds and Teachers of the World pray c. O Invincible and Indissoluble and Divine Powers of the Reverend and Life-giving Cross forsake us not sinners The precepts of their Church require them to pray at the times of the Liturgy morning and evening on the Lord's day and other Festivals Also to pray for Kings Patriarchs Bishops and all Souls departed in the Catholick Church and for all Hereticks c. That they may return before their passage from this Life Indians of S. Thomas They go daily to Church to read the Liturgy aloud in the Chaldaick Tongue But they do not think themselves obliged to rehearse it elsewhere nor have they any Breviaries for saying it in private In some places Mass is said but once a year in others scarce once in six or seven or ten years F. Simon out of Menes's Memoirs They have no Images only the Cross they Honour much Georgians The Church-men do not daily say their Breviary but one or two only say and the rest listen Abyssins Their whole Divine Service is compleared by the Sole Administration of the Sacrament and reading some few broken parcels of the New Testament for they neither use Sacred Hymns nor Preaching Ludolph Cophties They have a Book of Homilies taken out of the chief Fathers They Worship Images yet have no Statues by Kissing Burning Lamps before them with the Oyl of which they anoint the Sick 1. On Saturday-Even after Sun-set the Priest attended by his Ministers goes to Church to sing Vespers about an Hour those who are present sleep afterward in Church or smoke Tobacco or drink Coffee c. 2. Two hours after Midnight they say Matins and afterwards Mass to which many resort 3. When they enter the Church they take off their Shoes kiss the ground near the door then draw near the Arch-priest kiss his Hand to receive his blessing 4. If the Patriarch be present and do not Officiate he sits on a Throne with a Copper Cross in his hand which the People kiss 3. After the Gospel they read somewhat out of the Book
High Creator of all things That the Bishop reads Prayers over the Child in Church before the Baptism and in the River at Baptism while the Godfather plunges the Child three times all over and then to Feasting Papists 1. Doctrines according to the Council of Trent I N. do with a stedfast Faith believe and profess all and every Point contained in the Symbol of the Faith that the Holy Roman Church doth use viz. To believe in God the Father Almighty Maker of Heaven and Earth of all things visible and invisible And in one Lord Jesus Christ the only begotten Son of God and born of the Father before all Worlds God of God Light of Light True God of True God begotten not made of the same Substance with the Father by whom all things were made who for us Men and for our Salvation came down from Heaven was Incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary and was made Man was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate suffered and was buried and rose again the third day according to the Scriptures and ascended up into Heaven sitteth at the right Hand of the Father and he shall come again with Glory to judge both the Quick and the Dead of whose Kingdom there shall be no end and in the Holy Ghost the Lord and Giver of Life who proceedeth from the Father and the Son who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified who spake by the Prophets and one Holy Catholick and Apostolick Church I confess one Baptism for the Remission of Sins and I expect the Resurrection of the Dead and the Life of the World to come Amen I do most stedfastly admit and embrace the Traditions of the Apostles and of the Church and all other Observances and Constitutions of the same Church I do likewise admit the Holy Scripture according to that Sense which our Holy Mother the Catholick Church hath holden and doth hold unto whom it doth appertain to judge of the True Sense and Interpretation of the Holy Scriptures neither will I ever understand nor interpret the same otherwise than according to the uniform consent of the Fathers I do also profess that there be truly and properly Seven Sacraments of the New Law and necessary for the Salvation of Mankind although they be not necessary for all Men viz. Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Pennance Extream Unction Orders and Matrimony and that these Sacraments do give Grace and that of them Baptism Confirmation and Orders cannot be reiterated without Sacrilege I do also receive and admit all the received and approved Ceremonies of the Catholick Church in the Solemn Administration of all the aforesaid Sacraments I do embrace and receive all and every of those things which in the Holy Council of Trent have been defined and declared touching Original Sin and Justification I do profess also that in the Mass is offered unto God a true proper and propitiatory Sacrifice for the Quick and Dead and that in the most Holy Sacrifice of the Altar there is truly really and substantially the Body and Blood together with the Soul and Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ and that there is made a Conversion of the whole Substance of Wine into the Blood which Conversion the Catholick Church doth call Transubstantiation I do also confess that under either kind only is received Christ whole intire and the True Sacrament I do constantly hold that there it Purgatory and that the Souls which be there detained are holpen by the Prayers of the Faithful Also that the Saints who reign together with Christ are to be worshipped and called upon and that they offer up Prayers to God for us and that their Relicks are to be worshipped I do most stedfastly affirm that the Images of Christ of the Mother of God always Virgin and of other Saints are to be had and received and that due Honour and Reverence is to be given to them I do affirm that the Authority of Indulgencies was left by Christ in the Church and that the use of them is very behooveful to Christian People I do acknowledge the Holy Catholick and Apostolick Roman Church to be the Mother and Mistress of all Churches and do promise and swear true Obedience to the Bishop of Rome who is the Successor of St. Peter Prince of the Apostles and the Vicar of Jesus Christ All other things defined and declared by the Holy Canons and Oecumenical Councils and chiefly by the Holy Council of Trent I do undoubtedly receive and profess And also all contrary things and whatsoever Heresies condemned rejected and accursed by the Church I likewise do condemn reject and accurse This True Catholick Faith without which no Man can be Saved which now I do willingly profess and hold I the same I. N. do Promise Vow and Swear to hold and confess most constantly by God's help intire and uncorrupted even to the last end of my Life and to procure as much as shall lye in me that my Subjects or those of whom I shall have care in my Office shall accordingly teach and preach the same So God help me and these Holy Gospels of God Dr. James Library-keeper of Oxford out of Lewis de Grenado 's Sp. Doctrine 2. Vsages and Ceremonies and Traditions 1. In publick Prayers they use the Latine-Tongue 2. In the Commandments they make the First and Second One and divide the Tenth into Two 3. They distinguish Sins into 1. Mortal by which only they say the Commandments are broken which are 1. Pride 2. Covetousness 3. Leachery 4. Anger 5. Gluttony 6. Envy 7. Sloth 2. Venial Not contrary to the end of the Commandments i. e. to Charity e. g. an idle Word an officious or jesting Lie stealing of a Pin or Apple c. not killing but disposing to mortal Sin 4. They say 't is possible necessary and easie by the assistance of God's Grace to keep all the Commandments 5. That mortal sin is remitted by 1. Hearty Penance 2. Contrition 6. That venial sin is remitted by 1. All the Sacraments 2. Holy-water 3. Devout Prayer c. 7. The punishment Of mortal sin is Hell for ever 7. The punishment Of venial sin is Purgatory 8. That there are six Sins against the Holy Ghost 1. Despair of Salvation 2. Presumption of God's Mercy 3. Impugning the known Truth 4. Envy at others known good 5. Obstinacy in Sin 6. Final Impenitence 9. That there are four crying Sins 1. Wilful Murder 2. The Sin of Sodom 3. Oppression of the Poor 4. Defrauding VVork-men of their VVages 10. There be three principal Counsels of Christ to his Church 1. Voluntary Poverty 2. Perpetual Chastity 3. Obedience to another's will in all that is not Sin 11. There be six Commandments of the Church principally 1. To hear Mass on all Sundays and Holy-Days if opportunity serve 2. To Fast 1. Lent 2. Vigils commanded 3. Ember-Days and Fridays by custom of England 4. To abstain from Flesh on Saturdays 3. To confess
three Hours which Christ hung on the Cross 17. Uncovering the Chalice and signing it five times with the Host to signifie the rending the Veil of the Temple c. 18. Pater Noster said with a loud Voice to signifie the seven Mystical Words spoke by our Saviour with a loud Voice on the Cross 1. Father forgive them c. 2. To day shalt thou be with c. 3. Behold thy Mother Woman behold c. 4. My God c. 5. I Thirst. 6. Into thy hands c. 7. It is finished 19. Laying down the Host upon the Corporal and then covering the Chalice again to signifie taking Christ down from the Cross 20. The Priest is silent for a time to signifie our Saviour's Rest in the Grave 21. The Host divided into three parts his Body broken and divided into Hands Side and Feet 22. Signing the Chalice three times again with a particle of the Host and raising his voice saying Pax Domini c. 23. Putting a particle of the Host into the Chalice to signifie the reuniting of our Saviour's Body and Soul 24. Saying aloud Agnus Dei qui c. 25. Pax or Kiss of Peace given before Communion 26. Ite missa est The Host is offered Mass ended c. 27. The Priest lifteth up his hands and blesseth the People N. The Missal is the Book wherein the Mass is contained 19. The Office of our Lady concerning which observe 1. The Book in which it is contained the Primer 2. The Parts 1. Hymns 2. Psalms 3. Canticles 4. Antiphones 5. Versicles 6. Responsories 7. Prayers 3. The Time viz. seven Hours several The time of our Saviour's Passion 4. The Contents 1. Matins and Lauds a Commemoration of his Bloody Sweat and binding in the Garden c. 2. The first Hour his being led through the Streets at Jerusalem with the Indignities c. 3. The third Hour whipping crowning with Thorns c. 4. The ninth Hour drinking Gall and Vinegar dying c. 5. The Evening-Song his taking from the Cross c. 6. The Compline his Burial 20. Festival-Days 1. Of Christ 1. His Nativity Christmass 2. Circumcision New-years-day 3. Epiphany Twelfth-day 4. Purification the Presentation of Christ c. Before Mass of that Day the Church blesseth the Lights for the whole Year and makes a Procession with hallowed Lights in the hands of all the Faithful 5. Transfiguration 6. Resurrection or Easter-Day from Oriens the East 7. Ascension 8. Corpus Christi-day in honour of the real Presence The Eucharist on this Feast during the Octave is exposed to be adored in all the principal Churches of the World and great Processions are made in honour of it 9. Four Sundays of Advent 10. Septuagesima Sexagesima Quinquag Quad. 11. Passion-Sunday to prepare us for the approaching Passion 12. Palm-Sunday on which Day the Church blesseth Palms and make a Solemn Procession the People bearing Palm-branches in their hands 13. Dominica in Albis Low-Sunday the Octave of Easter-Day because on that Day the Catechumens were solemnly divested in the Church of their white Garments 2. Of our Blessed Lady viz. 6. The Conception Nativity Presentation Annunciation Visitation and Assumption of our Blessed Lady 3. Pentecost or Whitsunday 4. Trinity-Sunday 5. Other peculiar days 1. The Feast of St. Peter's Chair at Antioch viz. his installing there 2. Of his Chair at Rome viz. his Translation from Antioch c. 3. Of S. Peter and S. Paul together 4. S. Peter ad vincula Acts 12. 5. Michaelmass a Church on that Day in Rome was Dedicated to S. Michael by Pope Boniface 6. The Apparition of S. Michael he appearing on Mount Garganus where by his own appointment a Temple was Dedicated to him 7. All-Saints to beg the Patronage of all together 8. All-Souls to pray Souls out of Purgatory 9. Ashwednesday the Priest blesseth Ashes on this day wherewith he signs the People with a Cross on their Foreheads saying memento homo remember Man that thou art dust and to dust c. 10. Mandy Thursday in memory of our Lord's last Supper when he washed his Disciples Feet So called from Mandatum Novum do vobis the beginning of the Antiphon The Bishops on this day begin the Ceremony of washing the Peoples Feet 21. Good Friday Add two Holy Rood-days viz. Invention and Exaltation 12. Three days of Tenebrae before Easter 13. Rogation-week a week of publick Prayer and Processions for the temperateness of the weather c. from Rogo c. 14. Quatuor Tempora Ember-weeks 21. Orders of Monks or Friers whose Officers are Prior Provincial and General c. 1. Monks of St. Basil who abstain from Flesh of which not many in the Church of Rome but many in the Greek Church 2. Austine Friers or Eremites or Friers Mendicants viz. The First Order Other Branches of them are 1. Monks of S. Hierom in Spain especially Their Robe a white Cassok under a Tawny Cloak 2. Carmelites or Jacobines or white Friers from the Colour of their Habit. 3. Friers of S. Cross Crouched Friers their Robe is watchet and in their hands they carry the Figure of the Cross 4. Dominicans or Friers Praedicant who are to Preach the Gospelin all parts of the World called also Black Friers from the Colour of their Habit and are the third Order of Friers-Mendicants 3. Benedictines whose Habit is a loose black Gown reaching to the Ground with a hood of the same an under Garment of white Woollen and Boots on their Legs Other Branches 1. Monks of Clugnia from Clugny in Normandy 2. Carthusians from Carthusia a Town in Dauphine They Eat no Flesh live by couples labour with their hands watch pray and never meet together but upon Sundays 3. Monks of Cisteaûx so called from a place in Burgundy called by us white Monks as the common Benedictines black Monks from their Habit which was a white Cassock girt with a woollen Girdle the rest black 4. Celestines from Celestine the 5th c. 4. Franciscans from S. Francis of Assis in Spoleto who profess absolute Beggary are to carry no money about them nor more Victuals than will for the present serve for themselves and brethren The chief branches of them are 1. Minors from their humility Cordeliers by the French from the knotty Cord which they use for a Girdle Grey Friers by the English from the colour of their upper Garment These are the fourth and last of the Friers Mendicants 2. Minims who keep always a true Lenten Fast unless in sickness their Robe is a Dark Tawny with a Hood of the same hanging to the Girdle 3. Capuchins from their Cowl or Capuch who are to spend all their time in prayer generally thought to be the most devout of all 5. Jesuits neither simply Lay nor Priests nor merely Secular nor Regular but all together who are to vow not only Poverty Obedience and Chastity as the rest but Mission i. e. to go upon command of the Pope or General on any hazardous
lately an account of greater Divisions some of them being charged by others with damnable Heresies and Doctrines of Devils c. in a Book intituled The Plea of the Innocent c. I take them for a Branch of the Old Anabaptists which sprung up in Germany upon the Reformation though they made no appearance in England 'till the time of our Civil Wars about the Year 1644. and then were assisted at least by some Priests of the Popish Seminaries in disguise as were also several other Sects which then sprung up amongst us See Du Moulin's Philan. Angl. c. Mahometans 1. Creed The first Chapter of the Alcoran is as it were the Mahometan's Creed and 't is called the Mother of the Book containing the Words of Mahomet for the rest are all deliver'd as the Word of God he being induced as Speaker Which first Chapter is this Sense In the Name of God gracious and merciful Thanks be unto God the Lord of the World merciful pitiful Judge at the Day of Judgment We pray unto thee we trust in thee Lead us into the right way the way of them whom thou hast chosen not of them with whom Thou art angry and of the Infidels Out of the Alcoran may be collected more of their Faith as thus 1. God is One necessary to all incorporeal neither begetting nor begotten the Creator long-suffering searcher of the Heart true that he hath no Son needs nothing 2. That Christ is the Son of Mary the best of Women the Prophet of God begotten by the Spirit of her in the shape of a Man Christ was not slain by the Jews but one like him 3. Their Law is to be propagated by the Sword Of the twelve Months four are to be consecrated to this warfare they that refuse it lose their Souls The Unbelievers taken in War that will not turn must be killed or made Slaves 'T is not lawful to dispute about the Law 4. God made the World and disposed the seven Heavens and afterwards Man like unto himself and breathed into him his own Soul a portion of it That the Angels being commanded to do reverence to Adam Beelzebub refused and was therefore damned 5. There is a Paradise and Hell but of sensual Pleasures and Torments 6. Mahomet is the Seal and last of the Prophets to whom it was lawful to lie with all Women even Aunts and Kindred c. 7. There shall be a Resurrection proved by the story of the 7 Sleepers who slept 360 Years 2. Moral and Judicial Precepts and Prohibitions 1. Prohibitions 1. Abstain from Swines-flesh Blood that which dies alone and that which hath the Neck cut off 2. From Wine and Women more than their own Wives or Women 3. Working on Friday at Prayer-time 4. Games of Chesse Scails and Tables 5. Marrying with Men or Women of another Law 6. Marrying with Mother Daughter Sister Aunt Niece Nurse c. 7. Swearing rashly and For-swearing 8. Usury Lying Injustice c. 2. Precepts Affirmative 1. Pilgrimage to Mecha 2. Belief in GOD and Mahomet 3. Marry and Fight for the encrease of Religion 4. Giving wealth to the Poor Men Slaves Birds Dogs 5. Praying five times a Day 6. Keeping Lent one Month in the Year 7. Obedience to Parents 8. Keeping Friday Sabbath cum multis aliis Mahometan Sects 1. Turks or Arabians 1. THE Turks pretendc that Abouleker was the Successor of Mahomet making his Genealogy thus Mahomet 1 Abouleker 1 Omar 1 Osman 1 Aly. 2. The Turks are called Sunni because they follow also Counsels of Devotion besides the Commands of their Law M. de Thev 3. They call to Prayers from the tops of Towers 4. In Praying the Turks hold their hands one over another upon their Stomach 5. Among the Turks for a Christian to dispute with them is a Crime punishable by Death 6. The Turks make God the Author both of Good and Evil. 7. The Turks say the Law is Eternal 8. The Turks teach that God shall be visible to blessed Souls in his Essence 9. The Turks say Mahomet when he received his Alcoran was carried by the Angel Gabriel Body and Soul into God's presence 10. The Arabians pray five times a day 2. Persians 1. The Persians leave out of Mahomet's Succession the names of Abouleker Omar and Osman affirming them to be Usurpers only and no rightful Successors to Mahomet that Aly lawfully and actually succeeded him making the Genealogy thus Mahomet 1 Aly. which Aly say they succeeded Mahomet both in his Doctrine and Empire and married also Mahomet's Daughter who was also the first of the twelve Imams and whose Interpretation of the Law they embrace as the Truest and whose Sepulchre they visit as the Turks the other three 2. The Persians call themselves Schiai because they think it enough to follow the Precepts of their Law though sometimes they follow some of the Counsels too 3. In Persia they call to Prayers three times a day from Terrases not Towers 4. The Schiai in Praying hold not their hands on their Stomach but laying down a little gray stone which they always carry about them every time they prostrate lay their Foreheads on that stone made of the Earth of Keebela where Hussein the second Son of Aly was killed M. de Thev 5. The Persians will suffer Christians to dispute with them about matters of Religion 6. The Persians make God Author of Good only 7. The Persians say only God is Eternal 8. The Persians say he is visible only in his Effects and Attributes 9. The Persians that he was carried only in Soul 10. The Persians pray but three times a day Morning Noon and Night no not upon Fridays The Persians have translated the Alcoran into the Persian Tongue with an interlineal Translation word for word for Turk and Persian both believe that that Book cannot be explainted in any other Language but Arabick Subordinate Sects Dervises THey go about begging Alms in the name of Aly. They wear two Sheep-skins dried in the Sun the one hanging on their Back the other on their Breast the rest of their Body naked their whole body shaved Head bare Temples burnt with a hot Iron Rings with precious Stones in their Ears and a knotty Club in their Hand They are desperate Assassinates Robbing and Murdering on occasion They eat of an Herb called Asserad or Matslach which makes them Mad cutting and slashing themselves which makes them more reverenced On Friday after their Devotion they drink of Asserad and Sing and Dance about a Fire like mad c. See more in the sequel of this Book Imailer The Imailers or Religious Brothers of Love have for their Habit a long Coat of a Violet colour without Seam girt about with a golden Girdle at which hang silver Cymbals which jingle as they go These with a Book in their Hand of Love-Songs go about Singing and receive Money for their Songs and are always bare-headed wearing long Hair which they curl They are worse than Beasts
too that his Humility consisted not in his Dress but in the Constancy of his Mind not in the hanging down of his Head or the Softness of his Tone or the Demureness of his Look or the Gravity of his Beard or the Shaving of his Head but in the Frame and Temper of his Soul being as Humble in his Mind as he was Sublime and Excellent in his Life And when no Man could arrive at the Perfection of his Vertues yet every one was admitted to a Freedom of Converse with him Both in his Garb and Diet he equally avoided Pomp and Sordidness and though a great Restrainer of his Appetite would yet seem not to do it lest he should be thought plainly to design Glory to himself by being needlesly singular above other Men. Orat. 19. in laud. Patr. Eusebius relates of some of the Confessors under the Persecution of M. Aurelius that though for their Testimony of the Truth which they had born at the Dearest Rate on this side Death though they had been frequently thrown to wild Beasts exposed to Fire and the Remains of Wounds and Violence were visible all over their Bodies yet would not be called Martyrs but with Tears begg'd the Peoples Prayers that they might perfect all by real Martyrdom Hist Eccl. l. 5. c. 2. Dr. John Reinolds as Learned as any Man in the World as Godly as Learned as Humble as Godly Car. in vit Ric. Capel Mr. Ric. Capel could refuse Honours as Musculus did and contented himself with plain and mean things Idem Cajetan the Flower of the Cardinals would never be in his Silks and Braveries but kept his old Fashions to his dying day Mclancthon wouldnot disdain to do that which his meanest Servants would scarce put their hand to Ibid. John Duns Sctus Doctor Subtilis who was of Merton College Oxon had these Verses made upon him Doctor Subtilis nomen Subtilia donant Quem vestis vilis pes nudus corda coronant In English A Subtile Doctor of a Subtile Wit Brave Heart vile Raiment and with naked Feet Leigh's Relig. and Learn Luther calls himself a Sack of Worms-meat a lump of Earth a bundle of Wickedness an unworthy Minister of the Gospel Mahometans They praise Humility that is esteeming others more than themselves F. Simon The Persians and Turks are of that bad Humour rather to build new Houses than to repair old ones The Custom is grown to that height that the Children will not live in their Parents Houses after their decease M. Tavernier Armenians The Armenians on Mandy-Thursday perform the Ceremony of the Washing of Feet They all come to Church where the Priest washes the right Foot of the Men and the left of the Women and makes thereon the Sign of the Cross with Butter consecrated to that purpose And this done he is cast into a Chair by twelve Men who rasse him up into the Air with Exclamations of Joy keeping him there till he promiseth to treat them with a Dinner D. of Holstein 's Embass Papists Dunawd being consulted at Bangor what should be done about the Entertainment of Austin the Monk sent from Rome advised them Give him the meeting and regard his Messages if he be a Man of God But how may that be known said they You know what our Saviour saith Learn of me for I am meek and lowly c. If so 't is likely he belongs to Christ If with state and distance he thinks to reduce and over-awe you you are to defend the Liberties of your Church c. which last took place for observing him to be guilty of Haughtiness they laboured to contradict all that he said Th. Jones of Oswestree Cromwel in Henry the Eighth's time of a Black-smith was made an Earl and had the Garter given him Lord Privy Seal Lord Chamberlain of England Lord Vice-gerent Master of the Rolls yet afterwards forsook by his Friends except Cranmer insulted over by his Enemies attainted without making his answers which Counsel he had been the Author of against Pool's Mother before in a Letter concluded thus Written with the heavy Heart and trembling Hand of your Highness's most heavy and most miserable Prisoner and poor Slave Tho. Cromwel And underneath Most Sacred Prince I cry for Mercy Mercy Mercy Dr. Burnet Contempt of Wealth Vide Self-Denial Jews THE Jews are very Covetous and great Usurers Christians Trypho the Jew tells Justin Martyr by way of reproach that the Christians foolishly undervalued and threw away all the Enjoyments and Advantages of this World Dial. cum Tryph. p. 308. When Agbarus the Toparch of Edessa Offered Thaddeus one of the 70 Disciples great Sums of Gold and Silver for the pains he had taken and the great things he had done amongst them he refused them with this Answer To what purpose should we receive good things from others who have freely forsaken and renounced our own Euseb H. Eccl. Quintianus the President under Decius the Emperor asking Agatha the Virgin Martyr why she descending of such rich and illustrious Parents would stoop to such low and mean Offices she Answered Our Glory and Nobility lies in this That we are the Servants of Christ Sim. Metaphr Serm. Martyr ad diem Feb. 5. Tom. 1. Origen when he might have lived upon the Estate of others Sold his Library to one who was to allow him 4 Oboli a day the day he spent in Tasks and Exercises a great part of the night in Study always remembred that of our Saviour not to have two Coats not to wear Shoes Dr. Cave Prim. Christ Papists S. Francis's Story is well known who having a design to renounce the World and Offering his Money to a Priest who refused it cast it presently away and put himself under a Vow of perpetual Poverty S. Francis Sales saith he Loved Poverty above all things and call'd it his Mistress Muscovites The Muscovites spend but little in House-keeping 'T is not above Thirty Years ago that even their Lords were Lodged in very poor Wooden Buildings Their Hushold-Stuff is suitable to their Lodgings consisting only in three or four Pots and as many Wooden or Earthen Dishes Some have Pewter but very few but there is not any Silver They know not what Scouring means even the Duke's looks little better than the Tavern-Pots The better sort hang their Rooms with Mats have few Feather-beds but Mattresses or Chaff or Straw sometimes lie upon their Cloaths on a Bench or Table D. of Holstein's Emb. Travels Mahometans Their Dervises relinquish the World and spend all their Days in Solitude and Retiredness expecting a Recompence undergoing very sharp Penances crying out continually in such Expressions as these God Almighty look upon me I love thee I Love not the World but I Love thee and do all for thy sake After this Retirement they will rather chuse to Famish than stir from their Cells and therefore are Relieved by the Charity of others Banians The Goeghy a Sect of them are forbidden by their Law to
Mexico drink no Wine and sleep little because most of their Exercises are in the night Purchas Chastity Jews FOrnication Adultery Drunkenness Gluttony Pride of Apparel c. are so far from being in request amongst the Jews in Barbary that they are scandaliz'd at the frequent Practice of these Sins in Christians Dr. Addison Christians The Chastity of the Primitive Christians appeared in these particulars 1. They would not Marry Justin Martyr saith There were many Christians in his time who for Sixty or Seventy years kept themselves uncorrupt 'T is very easie to find many amongst us both Men and Women who remain unmarried even in old Age. Athenag leg pro Christian Yet this without the Obligation of an Oath of perpetual Virginity 2. When they did Marry it is for no other end but the bringing forth and bringing up of Children As Husbandmen Till the Ground with respect to the Crop at Harvest Just Mart. 3. They seldom married twice Chrysostom's Mother at forty years old had lived twenty years a Widow Tertullian Cyprian Hierom Athenagoras c. did inveigh bitterly against second Marriages as little better than Adultery The ancient Canons as Zonaras tells in Can. 7. Conc. Neocesar suspended such as married twice from the Communion a whole year The Council of Laodicea requires That they should spend at least some small time in Penance in Fasting and Prayer before they be received to the Communion The Canons of the Apostles appoint That whoever after Baptism engaged in second Marriages is rendred uncapable of any Degree in the Ministry Can. 17. Note Digamy is 1. Two Wives at once Note Digamy is 2. One after the Death of another Note Digamy is 3. One after Divorce Of this some understand the Canons Note Digamy is 4. They shunned all Occasions c. 1. Going to Feasts c. Cyprian severaly chides with some Virgins for being present at Weddings where they laughed freely could not but hear loose Discourses see uncomly Carriages feed upon Luxurious Dishes all which must needs not only kindle but add Fewel to the Fire De Discipl had Virg. Constantine made a Law That Matrons should not be forced on the account of Debt to appear at publick Tribunals Cod. Theod. l. 1. Tit. 10. l. 1. St. Hierom doth as much commend some whom he knew who always kept at home on Festival-days to avoid the Crowd and Gazes of the People De Virg. The Council of Laodicea forbids all Christian Men using the same common Baths with Women Can. 30. Photius saith Justinian the Emperor made it a sufficient cause of Divorce and loss of Dowry for a Woman to Feast or Bathe in the Company of Men without her Husband's leave Cyprian would not have Ecclesiastick Persons and professed Virgins sleep near one another nor dwell together in the same House He commends Pomponius for suspending the Deacon and others for such Familiarity and ordered That they should not be absolved till after a sufficient Repentance c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 were Women brought in as Domestick Assistants to Ecclesiastick Persons especially such as were sent up and down to preach the Gospel Neither Wife nor Concubine but Attenders The Council of Antioch A. 272. under Aurelian Emperor condemns Paulus Samosatenus with his Presbyters and Deacons for keeping these introduced Women with horrible Inconveniencies Suspicion and Scandal St. Basil writes to a Presbyter seventy years old to abstain from the Company of a Woman he used to dwell with to avoid Scandal The Council of Nice forbids the same and universally the whole Clergy to have any Woman near them unless Mother Sister Aunt or such of whom there could be no Suspicion Can. 3. Honorius Emperor prohibits by a Law any Clergy-man whatsoever to keep company with these Extraneae strange Women limiting their Converse and Cohabitation within the very same Relations as the Nicene Canon Cod. Theod. l. 16. Bishops were to be deposed that entertain or cohabit with any Woman whatsoever Relation or Stranger Synops Basil l. tit 1. c. 41. St. Augustine would not cohabit with his own Sister Textor Domestick Marriage not openly made in the face of the Church were accounted no better than a State of Adultery and Fornication Tertull. de pudic c. 4. Their Ears they stopt against all loose and idle Songs filthy and obscene Discourses their Eyes they shut against all uncomely Objects wanton Pictures Clem. Al. Gorgonia when she lay under an acute and most dangerous Distemper yet resused to have any Physician come near her as blushing that any Man should see or touch her Nazianz. 2. Dancing and Musick The Fathers generally inveighed very bitterly against them None may Dance but the Daughter of an Adulteress but she who is Chast let her learn her Daughters Prayers not Dances Ambros What Modesty can there be where the Dancers shrick and make a noise together Idem Where the Timbrels sound the Pipes make a noise the Harp chatters the Cymbals strike together what fear of God can there be Hierom. in libr. contr Helvid Where wanton Dancing is there the Devil is certainly present for God hath not given us our Legs to dance but that we should walk modestly not skip like Camels but if the Body be polluted by dancing impudently how much more may the Soul be thought to be defiled The Devil danceth in these Dances Chrysost Hom. 49. in Mat. Men and Women together entering into common Dances having delivered their Souls to the drunken Devil wound one another with the pricks of unchast Affections Profuse Laughter is practis'd and filthy Songs meretricious habits inviting unto Petulancy are there used Laughest thou and delightest thou thy self with an arrogant Delight when as thou oughtest to pour out Tears and Sighs for what is past Singest thou whorish Songs casting away the Psalms and Hymns thou hast learned Dost thou stir thy Feet and caper furiously and dance unhappily when as thou oughtest to bend thy Knees to Prayer Basil in Orat. contr Ebr. Tzegedin cites several other Testimonies of S. Augustine c. and Councils and Canons against it De Choreis 5. They rather chose to suffer Torments and Death than the violation of their Chastity Domnina and her two Daughters Bernice and Prosdoce whom Chrysostom commends who being eminent for Beauty and Vertue were sought for as a Prey to Lust under the Diocle sian Persecution desired of the Souldiers leave to step out of the Road for some private occasion which granted they went and threw themselves into a River Chrysost Hom. 51. de S. Dom. Bern. c. Prosd Eusebius tells of the Wife of the Praefect or Governour of Rome a Christian sent for by Maxentius who was passionately enflamed with the love of her the Officers broke into the House to the terrour of her Husband She begged only so much time as that she might a little dress and adorn her self so she retired into the Chamber caught up a Sword and by a fatal stroke left nothing for
172. Indian Christians The Indian Christians read two chapters at home one out of each Testament Sr. Th. Herbert Malabar In Malabar the King of Calecut eats no meat till it be first offered by his Preist to his Idol Ross Mahometans There are but few who go not every day to Prayers epecially those of Noon Quinday and Aksham for many perform the other two at home Nor doth travelling excuse them for when they know that it is the Hour of Prayer they stop in the Fields near to some water they draw water in a tinn'd Copper-pot which they carry always purposely about them then do the Abdest spread a Carpet on the Ground without which they never Travel and say their Prayers upon it M. de Thevenot They have Chaplets also which they often say for the most part have them in their hand whether at home or abroad c. Idem Persians There are some amongst them who pray with such Violence at their own Houses that they put themselves out of Breath and many times fall down in a Swoon One of my Neighbours at Schamachie was so earnest in his Devotion that having said his Prayer very loud and pronounced with all his might above fifty times the word Hakka God he at length could not pronounce it without a great deal of difficulty and at last his Voice quite fail'd him D. of Holstein 's Emb. Trav. p. 279. Benjans They never go out of their Houses till they have said their Prayers Mandelslo's Trav. into the Indies p. 57. Persees The Persees of Guzurat have no Mosques but make use of some Room in their Houses to do their Devotion in which they do sitting without any Inclination of their Bodies Mandelslo's Trav. p. 60. In Amboina they take in hand no business be it never so mean nay not so much as piercing of a Tree to draw Terry till they have done their Devotions to the Devil Idem Toleration of all Religions Jews AMong the Jews we find in our Saviour's time Pharisees and Sadduces and Herodians and Pagan Romans all exercising their own Religion the Synagogues open to People of different Opinions and liberty of Prophesying seems to be allowed for some time even to the Christians themselves vid. Acts 13.15 c. I need not speak of the Nazarites and Rechabites tolerated among them in ancient times who yet were distinguished from the common Israelite by peculiar Ceremonies and Usages The case of the Gibeonites was extraordinary their Liberty procured by Craft and turned into Servitude being made Hewers of Wood and Drawers of Water for the Congregation and for the Altar of the Lord. Christians The Muscovites give a Free Toleration to all Religions and live very quietly with the Lutherans and those of the Reformed Religion but they have so great an Aversion to the Roman Catholicks that they would never grant them liberty in Muscovy In the first War of Smolensko they would not entertain Catholick Soldiers A. C. 1627. The late King of France proposed a Treaty for Commerce between the French and Muscovite and for a Church where Mass might be said but it was denied nay in the Treaty they made with us for our passage into Persia it is an express Article That we should not take any Roman Catholicks into our Retinue D. of H. Ambass Trav. p. 108. They suffer all Nations to live amongst them as Calvinists Lutherans Armenians Tartars Turks and Persians excepting none but Jews and Roman-Catholicks Idem The King of Poland several Papists Ecclesiastical Soveraigns in Germany the Venecians in their Grecian Islands all give liberty of Conscience In Rome it self the Pope tolerates several Popish Churches differing in Ceremonies from one another and all abundantly from that called the Roman Church yet agreeing in doctrine having publick liberty without exceptions In Germany the Lutheran Churches scarce in any Two Cities have the same Ceremonies Nurimburg and Leipsig having almost as many as the Papists and yet they differ in them Hamburg hath fewer And Strasburg none at all Their differing in Circumstantials makes no breach of Charity At the same Communion some receive sitting some standing The Three Religions are tolerated at Frankfort Dr. Burnet The Three Religions have their exercises successively the same day in the Church of the Concord at Manheim the Calvinists first the Lutherans next and the Papists last Idem in his letters Dr. Edw. Brown in his Travels In two Cantons Appeuzel and Glaris both Religions are Tolerated and are capable of equal Priviledges and in some Bailiages belonging to Bern and Friburg both Religions are so equally Tolerated that in the same Church they have both Mass and Sermon On one Sunday Mass begins and Sermon follows the next Sunday Sermon begins and Mass follows c. Dr. Burnet 's Letters Mahometans The Mogul Tolerates all Religions and speaks well of all So doth the great Turkish Emperor Among Mahometans Liberty of Conscience is allowed agreeable to an Azoara in the Alcoran which declares that none are to be disswaded from the Religion they Suckt from their Cradle Sir Th. Herbert In Negapatan likewise any Religion is Tolerable and Virgil's Omnigenûmque Deûm Monstra seem to be Translated hither Idem In Goa are Christians Jews Mahometans and Heathens Rosse In the Philippin Islands are Christians Mahometans and Pagans Idem In Sumatra and Zeilan are Moors Christians and Pagans Idem In Egypt Christians have their Churches Jews their Synagogues and Mahometans their Mosques of which last there be four sorts differing in their Laws Liturgies and Ceremonies Idem The Coast of Coromandel is furnished with Various Religions Christian Mahometan and Idolatry of the first there are two sorts those of S. Thomas that are of the Greek Church and the Europian Christians The Last Words of Dying Men c. Christians LVther ended his Life with these words Lord I render up my Spirit into thy Hands and come unto thee And again Lord into thy Hands I commend my Spirit thou O God of Truth hast redeemed me being asked by Dr. Jones if he died in the constant Confession of that Doctrin which he had preach'd he answered Yea which was his last word Olympia Fulvia Morata to her Husband Tota sum laeta I am all joyful but now I know you no more Anonym once a little before her Death awaking out of Sleep with a chearful Countenance she said I have now got a sight in my Rest of a most excellent and pleasant place shining with an unexpressible Light and Brightness But thro' weakness could say no more D. Melch. Adam Mr. Carter ended his Life with this Doxology The Lord be thanked Clark's Lives Erasmus breathed out his Soul in these Ejaculations Mercy sweet Jesus Lord loose these bands how long Lord Jesus how long Jesus Fountain of Mercy have mercy upon me c. Fuller's Lives Leo Jude who died at Tigure 1542. concluded thus Huic Jesu Christo c. i. e. To this my Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ my Hope and
my Salvation I wholly offer up my Soul and Body I cast my self wholly upon his Mercy and Grace c. Ibid. Andrew Willet a little before his death repeated the 146th Psalm and said it was a most sweet Psalm by and by rising out of a Trance to his Wife crying out he said Let me alone I shall do well Lord Jesu and so departed Anonym Robert Bolton in a Quartane Ague after meditating on the Four last Things desiring to be dissolv'd in the pangs of death he breathed out I am now drawing on apace to my Dissolution hold out Faith and Patience your work will quickly be at an end he died aged 60. Anonym William Whately in Sickness comforted himself with Ps 41.1 2. whilst a Friend was praying with him lifting up his Eyes and one of his Hands in the Close of the Prayer he gave up the Ghost aged 56. Idem Ant. Walleus called his Family and exhorted them to the fear of God then took his leave and fell asleep never thoroughly awaking till on the Lord's day at 11 a Clock he expired aged 66. 1639. Hen. Alting the day before his death sang Psal 130. with great Fervency in the Evening blessed his Children and exhorted them to fear God and to persevere in the Truth of the Gospel and so died aged 57. A. 1644. Fred. Spanhemius having preach'd his last Sermon at Easter upon Phil. 3.24 Who shall change our vile Body c. he prayed for his Family and himself and in the Close of his Prayer died 1649 aged 49. Philip de Mornay Lord of Plessis Marley being sick of a continual Feaver often said I fly I fly to Heaven and the Angels are carrying me into the Bosom of my Saviour I know that my Redeemer liveth I shall see him with mine Eyes and I feel I feel what now I speak he died aged 74. Mr. John Bruen of Stapleford in Cheshire Esq the Morning before his Death said I will have no Blacks I love no Proud nor Pompous Funeral neither is there any cause of Mourning but of rejoycing rather in my particular Immediately before his Death Lifting up his Hands he said The Lord is my Portion my Help and my Trust his blessed Son Jesus Christ is my Saviour and Redeemer Amen Even so saith the Spirit unto my Spirit therefore come Lord Jesus and kiss me with the Kisses of thy Mouth and embrace me with the Arms of thy Love into thy Hands I commend my Spirit O come now and take me to thy self O come Lord Jesus come quickly O come O come O come and so died aged 65 A.C. 1625. Mr. Will. Perkins to a Friend praying for him said Pray not for the mitigation of my Torments but for the increase of my Patience he died aged 44. A.C. 1602. Edw. Deering As for my Death I bless God I feel so much inward Joy and Comfort in my Soul that if I were put to my choice whether to die or to live I would a thousand times rather chuse Death than Life if it may stand with the Will of God he died A.C. 1576. Melancthon to his Son-in-law Dr. Bucer asking what he would have answered Nothing but Heaven and therefore trouble me no more with speaking to me I have delivered more upon this subject in a former Book called The Christians Companion Mahometans and Heathens A great Solider in eminent favour with the Great Mogul a Mahometan Atheist upon a wound proving Mortal by the occasion of a Hair pluckt off his Breast about his Nipple in wantonness by one of his Women when a dying said Who would not have thought but that I who have been bred so long a Soldier should have died in the Face of my Enemy by a Sword or Lance or Arrow or Bullet or by some such instrument of Death but now am forc'd to confess That there is a great God above whose Majesty I ever despis'd that needs no bigger Lance than a Hair to kill an Atheist a Despiser of his Majesty and so desiring that those his last Words might be told unto the King his Master he died The Dervise that gave his sense of the Apparition at Medina mentioned in the Chapter of Miracles c. died with those Words in his Mouth if my Memory fail me not O thou Woman with the Book in thine Hand have Mercy upon me Heathen Antient. I am not haled to Death but am ascending up to Heaven The last Words of Socrates with the Mortal Cup in his Hand Socrates said Mr. H. Bullinger was glad when his death approached because he thought he should go to Hesiod Homer and other Learned Men whom he should meet with in the other World then how much more do I enjoy who am sure that I shall see my Saviour Christ the Saints Patriarchs Prophets Apostles and all Holy Men which have lived from the beginning of the World These I say I am sure to see and to partake with them in Joy The Words of Dying Bullinger See more in Erasmus ' s Conviv Religios Cicero in his Dialogue concerning Old Age introduceth Cato Major speaking thus If any God should grant me leave to grow young and cry like an Infant in my Cradle again I would utterly refuse it nor would I be willing as one that hath run his Race out to be called back from the Goal to the beginning again For what Profit hath Life or rather what toil hath it not But whether it hath or no certainly it gluts or satisfies for I am not minded to lament that I have lived which many and they Learned Men have often done nor do I repent my Life because I have so lived that I think I was not born in vain and I depart hence as out of an Inn not from my Home O famous day when I shall go to that Assembly and Council of Divine Souls and depart out of this Rout and Sink Occasions of Conversion Jews EVE Cohan was converted by ocasion of reading the New-Testament which she found in the Chamber of her Dancing-Master in Holland but being threatned and ill-treated by her Mother upon it married her Master came over into England and was baptized at London about half a score Years ago Discoursing once with an Italian Jew concerning the Conditions of Rome he began with great assurance to tell me That at Rome great Wonders were to be seen as a Man that could make his God make and unmake Sins at his pleasure c. closing up his Discourse with a deep Protestation That if he were a Christian the Vices and Doctrines of Italy would strongly tempt him to disown that Name Dr. Addison Christians Matthias Vessenbechius a Lawyer Student at Lovain converted by seeing the Sufferings of a poor Godly Man of that place Ex Melch. Ad. Francis Junius being at Lyons escaped an imminent Death upon which being somewhat awakened to a Sense of Divine Providence he desired to read over the New-Testament of which himself gives this Account When I opened
yearly they say he delivers three Slaves out of Malta M. de Thev Certain Mahometan Saints Sheh Mahomet a mad Man of Aleppo Vid. Oracles c. Sheh Boubae another mad Man Vid. Ibid. Scidibattal a Saint in Natolia Chederles another S. George according to the Legends one who killed a Dragon delivered a Virgin c. He hath a Temple at Theke Thoi the chief City of Capadocia c. for Travellers An old Woman having a Dog with her in her Pilgrimage to Mecha ready to die for thirst made Water in her Hand and gave it to the Dog whereupon she heard a Voice This day shalt thou be with me in Paradise and at the same time was caught up Body and Soul into Heaven Sedichasi in signification a Holy Conqueror Hetsempettesh The Pilgrim's Help Asclik Passa A Saint for Love-matters and in case of Barrenness Van Passa For Concord Scheyk Pasia For Trouble and Affliction Goi or Muschin or Bartsckin Passa For Cattle Any one that hath extraordinarily lived is accounted a Saint after death Purchas But above all the Mahometans Honour Mahomet among the Turks and Hanite a Commentator Mort is Haly Among the Persians their great Prophet and Patron also Hussan and Hossein his two Sons and more of Haly's first Successors to the number of twelve in all as also Schich Sofi the Institutor of their Sect and Tsafur Saduk Bannyans The Bannyans invocate holy Men fam'd for Vertue each Sect hath its peculiar Saint In Wars the Cutteries or Radicaes only call upon Bemohem The rich upon Mycasser he Poor upon Syer the Labourers upon Gunner the Married upon Hurmount c. Sir Tho. Herb. Persees in the East-Indies Zertoost is their chief Saint or Prophet who is said to be taken up into Heaven from whence he brought the Zundavastaw or the Book of their Law in his Left Hand and Coelestial Fire in the other Sir Th. Herb. Persians and Muscovians also devote their Children newly born to some Saint Chinese The Chinese have several Pausaos or Saints especially three Sichia Founder of all the Religious Orders Quanina a Female Saint third Daughter of K. Tzonton who having made a Vow of Chastity and being pressed by her Father to Marriage was shut up in a place and employed in carrying Wood and Water and weeding a great Garden Neoma a third She-Saint also who retired into an Island to avoid Matrimony c. Mandelsto Some account Confusius the chief Indians The Idolatrous Indians worship Ram Permissar Peremael Westnon c. whether as Gods or great Saints it is hard to say They have also an infinite number of Faquirs or Volunteer Penitents who are reputed Saints Tavernier They are quite naked Summer and Winter lodge on the Ground have Ashes spread under them as a Carpet or Mattress See more in Tavernier's Travels par 2. l. 2. c. 6. See Self denial Pilgrimage Jews I Do not know that the Jews use any Pilgrimage but certainly they have a great respect to Jerusalem and the Holy Land and contrive as well as they can to approach near it in their Old Age that they may have the less Journey to go at the resurrection being of Opinion That there will be the general Rendezvouse of all mankind Papists I need not say much of the Pilgrimages of the Papists it being sufficiently known to be much used as a point of Penance or Voluntary Worship among them Meritorious and Expiatory of sin Gaurs The Gaurs the Relicks of the Antient Persians have their principal Temple four days Journey from Kerman where their Chief Priest Resides whither they are once in their Lives obliged to go in Pilgrimage M. Taver l. 4. c. 8. Indians The Crews of Faquirs many times joyn together to go in Pilgrimage to the principal Pagods and publick Washings on certain days used in the River Ganges Idem Par. 2. l. 2. The most Celebrated Pagods in India are Jagrenate Banarous Matura and Tripati To the first of which on one of the Mouths of Ganges resort daily an incredible number of Pilgrims who bestow vast Alms upon it the Priest Taxing them according to their Ability before he suffers them to Shave or wash in Ganges The Pilgrims have Victuals distributed there to them every day Idem Par. 2. l. 3. c. 9. All the Idolaters under the Dominion of the Great Mogul and other Princes both on this side and beyond Ganges at least once in their Lives go on Pilgrimage to one of the Pagods afore-named Not one by one but whole Towns together the Poor that go a great way are supplied by the Rich who spend very freely in such Acts of Charity The Rich in Pallekies or Chariots the Poor on Foot or upon Oxen Carrying their Idols in respect to the Great Ram-Ram in a rich Palleky cover'd with Tissue of Gold and Silver c. the Bramins also distribute flabels to the most considerable the handles whereof are 8 foot long plated with Gold and Silver the flabel it self being 3 foot in diameter of Tissue likewise adorned round about with Peacock feathers to gather more wind and sometimes with bells to make a tinkling Six of these are usually employed to keep off the flies from their God the better sort taking it by turns Idem par 2. l. 3. c. 13. Mahometans The Turks to Mecha in whole Caravans from several parts of the world but most numerous from Cairo go in Pilgrimage and when devotion is to begin the H. Priest assisted by all the people belonging to the Law spends night and day in saying of prayers and performing the necessary ceremonies On the seventh day all the Pilgrims are assembled before the Sheck's Text who appears at the Entrance of it and standing on a low stool that may be seen by those that are distance puts a period to their Devotion by praying and blessing them with these words That God would enable them to return in peace as they came thither The Grand Senior sends a Tent and Carpet yearly and all Mahometan Princes some present Idem Mexico Mexico was a City of most Devotion in all India whither they Travelled from many places far distant in Pilgrimage Purchas Angels Jews I Have said already that the ancient Sadducees denyed the Existence of Angels The Pharisees did not The Modern Jews allow of them asserting some to be good some bad that there attend on particular Persons a good Angel on the Right-hand a bad one on the Left which take and give Account of their Actions to God Dr. Addison Besides they hold a distinct Order of Angels entrusted with the care of the whole Jewish Nation and that every Governor hath an Assisting Angel Idem Christians Angels are acknowledged by Greeks Muscovites Papists Protestants c. It is wont to be said The strange presages of Mind and warnings in Dreams wonderful effects in Men snatch'd away and Mountains and Buildings removed and demolished by Power Invisible real Apparitions to many Men at once Predictions of Oracles
Trees in great Veneration and consult with them as with Oracles Rosse In Angola and Congo they are much addicted to Divination by Birds Rosse In Jucatan they caused Boys in hollow Images to answer the Peoples Petitions as if God had spoke to them Idem The Priests in South-America learn Physick and Magick when young being shut up two Years in Woods all which time they keeep their Cells see no Women nor eat Flesh they are taught by their Masters in the Night Idem Some West Indians at this day by fuming their Heads over the smoak of Tobacco will fall into a Trance for four or five Hours and fore-see what Ships are making to their Ports tho' several days of and report where the Vessels then are when they awake Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. In Gilolo and Amboina they bring their Daemon or Nito to conference with a Tabor VVax-Candles and words of Conjuration he appears to them in the shape of a Man all their actions are preceded by consulting the Devil Ibid. Rewards and Punishments future according to the Jews Jews I Need not here declare what the Sentiments of the ancient Jews before our Saviour's time were it shall suâ—fice to tell what their Opinion is in the present Age as Dr. Addison hath informed us in his Present State of the Jews in Barbary 1. They say that all Souls were created together and placed in a certain Region whence the several Bodies in their proper times are furnished as they are ready to receive them and if the Souls offend in this State they are sent into infirm Bodies for a Punishment and this Pre-existence they found on Eccles 4.3 2. Souls are conjoyned with Bodies which is an Imprisonment like Birds in Cages 3. Afterwards they are separated from the Body to a Temporal State of Happiness or Unhappiness wherein they continue till the final Sentence 4. At last they are disposed of into a State of Eternal Duration yet 5. They hold a Purgatory to be in Hell from whence they can never be delivered but by the vertue of the Kaddish a Prayer repeated once a day for the space of a year by some surviving Relation 6. They generally hold that none stays there above a Twelve-month 7. If any one's Sins are too great or many to be purged the Soul by Transmigration is to finish its Penance in another Body and so on in a Third Fourth Fifth Sixth till it come to a Seventh where it finds rest Heaven eternal 1. The State of Pre-existent Souls 2. Of Souls conjoyned with Bodies 3. The Temporal State of Souls Separated from Bodies by death till the day of Judgment 4. A years Purgatory 5. The Soul not purged in transmigration to other Bodâ—â—â— 1. Body 2 Body 3 Body 4 Body 5 Body 6 Body 7 Body Rest. They hold That they which are not of their Religion if found disobedient to the Law of Nature I suppose my Author means shall suffer a total Perdition of their Being themselves are liable only to a lesser Happiness Both Jews and Moors are of Opinion That the Infernal Torments shall have an end and that the fallen Angels shall be then restored to Mercy They place the Consummation of the World in a Restoration of it to that Beauty and Order it was at first designed They say the Resurrection shall be only out of the Holy Land whither all that are buried in other Countries must uncessantly rowl thro' the dark Caverns of the Earth and to avoid this trouble they endeavour when old to return to Palestine Four Privileges of the Jews 1. The Land of Canaan 2. The Law of Moses 3. The Gift of Prophecy 4. And the Resurrection Mahometans An Account of them as communicated to us By F. Simon out of a Book of Mahometanism written by a Modern Doctor of that Religion according to the Doctrine generally received and approved by most good Men in and about Constantinople 1. After Death and Burial two of the greatest Angels Munzir and Nekir come and ask the Person what Belief he hath concerning God and the Prophet and the Law and the Kible what side one is to turn to in praying to God The Just are to answer Our God is he that hath created all things Our Faith is the Mussulman and Orthodox Faith and the true direction of our Prayers is the Kible Unbelievers not knowing what to answer are condemned to suffer great Pains 2. At the general Resurrection the Good before their entring into Paradise shall drink of certain Fountains so that they shall never thirst again Mahomet's Fountain for him and his Sect shall contain as much space of Ground as one can travel in a Month On the brinks of this Fountain shall be as many lavers as Stars in the Firmament the Water sweeter than Honey and whiter than Milk 3. Their Paradise is thus described 1. 'T is all full of Musk. 2. The Buildings of Gold and Silver Bricks 3. All sorts of Delicious Meats are there 4. Their Cloaths never wear out 5. What any one desires comes ready dress'd to their Hand 6. None subject there to sleep or other Necessities of the Body 7. Divine and Celestial Women and Virgins free from all Incommodities 8. They who once enter never come out again 4. Their Hell-thus 1. Unbelievers shall be Eternally with Devils 2. They shall be Tormented with Serpents bigger than Camels and Scorpions bigger then Mules With Fire also and scalding water 3. When burnt and turn'd to a Coal God shall raise them again for fresh Torments and so never to end 5. Believers dying without Repentance are to be disposed of by God according to his good pleasure some of them are pardon'd others to expiate by their sufferings till released and admitted to Paradise Mahomets Paradise A River of Water Honey Wine Milk God appearing on Fridays Fruits Delicious Dgennet Zlar i.e. Virgins of Paradise with black Eyes white Bodies always young never exceeding 15 red Cheeks Young Boyes to attend with Vials of Liquors Fruits and Fowles Cloaths of Green or Scarlet Silk and Gold Araf i.e. A Place for them who have done neither good nor evil The 6th Gate thro' which they that fear shall enter Paradise 5. Gate 6. Gate 7. Gate Gate of Hell 2. Gate Selzaboul a River of which when they have drunk after their sins are consumed they go to Heaven Zacon a Tree of whose frut they eat which shal burn in their Bellies like fire Chains of 70 〈◊〉 A Well of scalding water of which they drink * Purchas tells out of Bellonius That there is in Paradise a Tree which shadows it all over and spreads her Boughs upon the Walls the Leaves of pure Gold and Silver the Name of God and Mohomet writ on each Leaf That if one of those Virgins of Paradise should come forth at Midnight she would enlighten the World as much as the Sun If she should spit into the Sea all the Water would become sweet That Gabriel keeps the Keys of
believe in no other Law and neither add to nor diminish from it 3. For the Distoor or Pope Besides the two former Tables he must 1. Not touch any thing Profane without washing after 2. Do every thing for himself with is own Hands as Cooking Sewing c. 3. Receive the tenth of what the Laity pos 4. Avoid Vain-Glory and exercise Acts of Charity 5. His House must adjoyn to the Church that he may go and come and be oft there without being taken notice of 6. Wash more frequently and use purer Food and refrain his Wife's company during her Pollution 7. Be well skilled in Judicial and Natural Phillosophy as well as in the Zertoost of Religion the three several parts of the Zundavastaw 8. Use a moderate Diet. 9. Fear none but God 10. Tell every Man his Offences 11. In Visions distinguish betwixt Good and Counterfeit and give right Judgment 12. When God in Mercy communicates his Goodness to him by nightly Visions to admire his Mercy and keep them secret 13. That the Pyree be ever kindled till Fire destroy the Universe and that he pray over it Sir Tho. Herbert Ancient Heathens The Twelve Tables of the Greeks and Romans 1. Of Religion 1. Approach the Gods chastly use Piety lay aside Riches c. Opes amovento 2. Let no body have any Gods by himself nor introduce New and strange Gods without publick consent c. 3. Let things sacred and private remain always so 4. Let nothing controverted be assigned to sacred use 5. Let him that is disobedient forfeit his Head 6. Have no Controversies upon Holy-days c. 7. Observe the Customs of the Family and Countrey 8. Keep the Temples built by thy Fathers have Groves in the Fields and Seats for thy Houshold Gods 9. Account him a Parricide that shall steal any thing sacred c. 10. Let the Divine Punishment of Perjury be destruction Humane Disgrace 11. Perform thy Vows devoutly 12. Let no one destroy Sepulchres nor bring in strangers 2. Of Laws and Magistrates 1. Let The Safety of the Commonwealth be the Supreme Law 2. What the people shall command last let that be ratified 3. Let Senators have the same Right with men of Valour Champions 4. Encroach upon no ones Privileges 3. Pass Sentence of Death upon no Roman Citizen but in the greatest Court Let Sun-set be the last Season 7. Let Governments be just and modest Obedience paid to them c. 3. Of Judgments 4. Of Private Power 5. Of Marriages 6. Of Homicides 7. Of the Administration of Affairs 8. Of Bearing Witness 9. 'T is uncertain of what 10. Of Sanctuary-Laws 11. and 12. are unknown also See more in Alsted Encyclop p. 1982 c. Tunquinese Chacabout a certain Hermit and Founder of a certain Sect in Tunquin and followed by the most part of the meaner people hath enjoyned his followers to observe 10 Commandments 1. That they shall not kill 2. Nor Steal 3. Nor defile their Bodies 4. Nor Ly. 5. Nor be unfaithful in their words 6. That they shall restrain their inordinate Desires 7. Do Injury to no Man 8. Nor be great Talkers 9. Nor give way to their Anger 10. That they shall labour to their utmost to get knowledge Tavernier's Collect. I might here present my Reader with more Creeds and Commands but these I think are enough to satisfie the curiosity of moderate Inquirers Burials Jews THE ancient Jews had their Sepulchres in thier Gardens 2 Kin. 21.18 Matt. 27.60 The Barbary Jews at this day in their Burials use this Order 1. They wash the Corps of the poorer sort in common VVater of the Rich in VVater of Roses Orange-Flowers c. 2. They put it in a Shirt Drawers a Stripe of Linnen white Sheet and Coffin 3. The Corps is carried by four to the place of Burial in this order first the Priests next the Relations next the Invited Neighbours 4. As they go they all sing the 49th Psalm Hear this all ye People c. and if it last not to the Grave they begin it again 5. At the Grave ten Rabbies or old Jews say over some parcels of Divine Service 6. The Relations stir not abroad for a week after unless upon some extraordinary business and then without Shoes Neighbours come to the House to pray with them 7. Their mourning Habit is a black Gantphe the same Cloaths they wore when the Party died Dr. Addison 8. Their common Epitaph is Let his Soul be in the bundle of Life with the rest of the Just Amen Amen Selah Rosse Ancient Heathens In the Funerals of the Ancients there were these following Officers 1. Libitinarii such as had the oversight of all things necessary 2. Pollinctores who had the Office of anointing the dead Bodies 3. Custodes Cadaverum who attended the Dead till they were carried to the Funeral Fire 4. Vespillones of Sandapilarii such as commonly carried out by Night the meaner sort and they were cloathed commonly in white 5. Designatores such as did marshal every Man according to his place 6. Praeficae Women-Mourners that went before the Corps singing a doleful Song to invite others to Sorrow which was called Naenia as some would have it from the noise which is made in weeping 7. Vstores such as burnt the Bodies of the Dead Among the Romans burying in the Earth was first used then Burning till A.C. 200. Trumpets used at the Funerals of the Rich. Pipes at poorer Funerals The Order of Burials was thus 1. The Body was wash'd and anointed the Rich with costly Oyntments such as Amomum yielded which was a Shrub growing in Armenia and the Eastern parts from the use of which in enbalming the Dead some think the word Mummy is deriv'd 2. The Body was decently covered and laid upon a Bier and placed ready to be carried forth 3. A Coronet of Flowers was set upon it 4. Wax-Candles also were carried before it to the Funeral Fire 5. In the Funerals of Honourable Persons there went before the Corps in order many Chariots according to the number of Progenitors such as were famous and on each Chariot a Bed with an Image of one of them 6. Before all these went the Lictores carrying the Fasces the Rod and Axe with such Ornaments as belong'd to the Office of the Person deceas'd 7. To preserve the Ashes and Bones from mixing with the Ashes of the Wood with which it was burnt they wrapt the Body in a Sheet made of a kind of Flax called Asbestinum which is of that nature that it is not consumed but is only cleansed by the Fire 8. They gather the Ashes and Bones and put them in Pitchers or Pots Vrnae Vessels of four Gallons and a half a piece made sometimes of Earth and sometimes of Brass 9. They placed the Vrns of the better sort in stately Vaults belonging to great Families 10. The time of the Funeral was the Eighth day for Burning and the Ninth for Burying 11. The Fire Bustum was
washed and anointed 2. 'T is carried to Church the Bearers by the way resting three times to signifie Christ's resting in the Grave 3. Holy Water and Frankincense is put into the Grave to keep out evil Spirits c. 4. He is buried with green Bays to shew the Immortality of the Soul 5. With the Face upward and his Feet toward the East to shew his Expectation of Heaven and his readiness to meet Christ in the Resurrection from the East Note 1. Every Christian buried out of the Church or Church-yard hath a Cross set at his Head to shew that he was a Christian 2. Clergy-Men in Orders are buried in the habit of their Orders 3. All are wrapt in Linnen because Christ was so 4. Some also in Sack-cloth to shew their Repentance 5. Antiently the names of Holy Men were registred in Scrolls or folding Tables called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dypticks which words the Latin Church retained Dr. Holyday on Juven p. 173. saith The Dypticha were two Tables containing the names of especial Persons some alive and some dead some Vertuous some Vicious Read in time of Divine Service amongst the Primitive Christians for the determent of bad c. and the Bishops kept them and publickly read them in time of Divine Service to shew that the Just shall be had in everlasting remembrance 6. Prayers for the Dead are only for such as are in Purgatory i. e. who died in Venial Sins unrepented of 7. There is neither Gloria in excelsis nor Hallelujahs used in the Office for the Dead Mr. Rosse out of Aleninus c. Roman The Roman Catacombs are without the Walls of the Town according to the Law of the twelve Tables yet they seem to run under it viz. vast Caves in the Rocks made use of as Repositories of dead Bodies where they were thrown and there putrified putuerunt thence called Puticoli where the meanest sort of the Ronan Slaves were laid Dr. Burnet's Letters who discourses upon them at large Guinea In Guinea they bury Gods of Straw with their Dead that they may accompany them in the other World Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Mexico The Priests in Mexico interr'd the Dead the places where they buried them were their Gardens and Courts of their own Houses others carried them to the places of their Sacrifices in the Mountains others burnt them and after buried the Ashes in the Temples They sung the Funeral Offices like Responds often lifting up the dead Body with many Ceremonies at these Mortuaries they did eat and drink and if it were a Person of Quality they gave Apparel to such as came the Friends saluted the Person as if he were living for a King or Lord they put some Slaves Cook Butler c. to death with him to serve him in the other World they give him Ornaments also the Obsequies continued ten days c. Purchas out of Acosta Guiana In some parts of Guiana when the Flesh of the Dead is worn off by Putrefaction they hang up the Soâ—leton in the Chamber or House where the Party died decking the Scull with Feathers of divers Colours and hanging Jewels and Plates of Gold about the Arm and Thigh-Bones S. Clark A Table of Heresies and Errors or at least different Opinions from what is asserted in the Column of Orthodoxy Orthodoxy Heresies and Errors THere is One God ATheist Diagoras Theodorus c. There is no God Julius Caesar Vanin suffered as an Atheist  Polytheists Pagan There are many Gods  Gnosticks Two Gods  Marcionites Two Gods one maker of the World bad the other good  Manichees Two Gods One good 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the other bad 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  Valentinus Thirty Gods or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 divided into several Syzygiae  Basilides One Chief Power 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Without Body Parts Passions Anthropomorphites With a body ' parts and passions as a man  Meletonii With a body c.  Mahometans Of a Corporeal Essence with a Soul  Hobbes God is Almighty matter Who created the World viz. Heaven and Earth of nothing and all things therein Aristotle The World was Eternal  Hermians Seleucians Matter was co-eternal with God So the Muggletonians say of Earth and Water  Carpocrates Cerinthus Simon Magus Saturninus Menander Archontici God did not make the World but Angels in number 7 the Off-spring of Abraxas without leave from God  Basilides Those 7 Angels made 365 Heavens  Marcionites The World was too base a thing for God to create  Manichees The substance of the good God was distributed by crumbs among the creatures  Luciferiani Priscillianists The Devil made the world for it lieth in wickedness  Familists God by them made the world  Epicurus The world was made by a Fortuitous concourse of Atoms  Hobbes Whether God created all things else is to be decided by the civil power And formed Man of Earth with a Reasonable Soul Manichees Priscillianists The Devil made man his body only I suppose they mean  Patriciani The Devil made our flesh which may be put off by violent Death  Paterniani The Devil made the lower parts of man which may be used to sin  Priscillianists The soul was made of the same substance with God  Luciferiani The soul was raised out of the flesh  Jews in Barbary All souls wore created together and put in a certain Region c.  Hobbes Irenaeus That man at his first creation was imperfect Rules all things by his Providence Epicureans The world is too base for God to look after  Aristotle Certain Angels are intrusted with the Government  Cyprian God hath committed the Government of the world to certain Coelestial Powers  Stoicks Manichees All things are Ruled by Fate and Fortune  Bardesanes All things are Ruled by Fate  Jews in Barbary Every man hath Two Angels one good and another bad attending him  Colarbas The Generation and Life of man is in the 7 Planets  Familists All things are Ruled by Nature not ordered by God In the Godhead are 3 Persons Marcellians Luciani The Trinity is an Extension of the Deity  Hobbes Is but a threefold Representation of God  Noetians Praxeneans Hermogeneans There are 3 in the Godhead but not 3 Persons  Sabellians 3 in Name only  Gnosticks Marcionitos Valentinians More Gods yet not 3 Persons  Syreni Tritheites Eunomeans 3 Gods or Spirits or Principles not distinguished only but divided also  Macedonians Franciscans 2 Gods Father and Son Old and New  Seleucians 1 Person  Armenians Anastasius Emp. Apollinarians A Quaternity  Servetus There is no distinction of Persons in God  Jews Turks Montanists Deny the Trinity so likewise the Muggletonians  Blandrat Alciat Christians in worshipping 3 Persons worship 3 Devils  Lord Herbert denied Jesus Christ to be a Person in the Godhead  Alogiani Samosateni 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 John
1.1 doth not signifie a Person but the purpose of God the Father to make the world and send Christ  Antitrinitarians Polonian Arians Socinians also Deny the Trinity of Persons The Father Servetus There is no real Generation in God  Muggletonians God the Father was a Spiritual Man from Eternity but in time produced a Natural Body  Theaurau John 'T is nonsense to say God is the Father of us all Jesus Christ the Son of God Arrian-dadeians Christ is the Father's Servant  Arians Not truly or naturally the Son of God nor of the same Substance with the Father  Servetus Christ was but a Figure of the Son of God By Eternal Generation Photiniani Servetiani Nativitarii the Son always was but not Son till Born of the Virgin  Eunomians Samosatenians say the same  Francis Ker Christ was not God till after his Resurrection  Pelonian Arians The Eternal generation of the Son is against Truth and Reason Very God Carpoorates Cerinthians Ebionites Mat. Hammant Turks Socinians Jews Eunomians Impugned Christ's Divinity  Agnoite Christ's Divine Nature was ignorant of some things  Nestorians Christ became God by Merit not by Nature  Catabapt some Blandrat Christ is not the true God Of one substance with the Father Macedonians Christ is not of one Substance with the Father  Anomoei Not like the Father at all  Acatiani Semi-Ariani He is like the Father 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  Aeriani He is like the F. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Very Man of a Humane Body Saturninus Marcionites Eutychiant Cerdoniani Manichees Archontici Phantasmatici Christ was Man but putatively  Apellitae Christ took an Etherial Body of the Stars  Valentiniani Menno A Spiritual and Celestial Body by the Virgin Mary as by a Channel  Apollinarians Christ's humanity is consubstantial with the Father  Vbiquitarii Christ's Body humanity is every where  Servetus Christ's Body was compact of three uncreated Elements  Aphthartodoâ—itae Christ's Body was not corruptible but immortal as soon as he took it And reasonable Soul Eunomians Arians Christ had a humane Body but not Soul  Apollinarists Christ had a humane Body but not Soul or if Soul not Mind  Valentinus Christ had a carnal Soul  Theopaschites Christ had a Body but not Soul God and Man in one Person Eutychians Dioscurus Severites Christ had but one nature compounded of Divine and Humane  Arephali Theodosiani Christ had not the properties of both natures  Nestorians The word and Flesh were united in one Person as two Friends in love  Apollinarists The word was changed into Flesh Conceived by the Holy Ghost Monothelites Christ had but one Will.  Theodorus Mesechius The word is one thing and Christ another Born of the Virgin Mary Ebionites Carpocrates Theodosius Christ was conceived by Man of Humane Seed ex Viri coitu  Valentinians Anabaptists Familists Christ took the Flesh of the Virgin Mary qu. by a Channel  Armenii Christ had an incorruptible Body from the first moment of Conception  Nestorius The Virgin Mary was not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  Socinus Christ's Incarnation is against Reason  Hoffman God took Flesh of himself  Mennonists Denied Christ to be born of Mary  Antimarians Denied Mary's Virginity as did also Cerin hus and Helcidius Pure from all Sin Jews Christ was a Violater of the Sabbath Law c.  Marcionites Christ dissolved the Law Prophets and all the Works of God  Saturnians Christ came into the World to destroy the God of the Angels  Mat. Hamant Christ was a sinful Man and abominable Idol  Leon. Vairus Christ was a Veneficus a common Poisoner of Men and Women Our only Saviour Barcocab Moses Cretensis False Messiahs of the Jews  Arminius Christ died sufficiently for all but not effectually for any particular Persons  Socinus Christ did not satisfie for us but obtained power for us to satisfie for our selves  Simon Magus False Saviours Called himself the Holy Ghost Called himself greater than Christ  Menander False Saviours Called himself the Holy Ghost Called himself greater than Christ  Montanus False Saviours Called himself the Holy Ghost Called himself greater than Christ  Manes False Saviours Called himself the Holy Ghost Called himself greater than Christ  Mahomet False Saviours Called himself the Holy Ghost Called himself greater than Christ  David Geogre False Saviours Called himself the Holy Ghost Called himself greater than Christ  Noetus called himself Moses and his Brother Aaron  One Mother Jane is the Saviour of Women said Postellus the Jesuit  Saturnius Desider Burdegal Eudo de Stella c. False Christs Was crucified dead buried Cerinthus Jesus was not Christ  Manichees Phantasmatici Cerdonites Eutychians Christ suffered not truly but in appearance only  Familists The Incarnation and Passion of Christ is to be understood Allegorically  Sabellians Serverus Basilides Armenii Apollinarij Patri-Passians Theopaschites The Godhead suffered So also the Muggletonians  Islebius Andreas Musculus Christ suffered in his Humanity and Divinity both  Petrus Antioch The whole Trinity was crucified  Manichees The very Devils hung upon the Cross  Muhamedeus Not Christ who escap'd through the Roof of the House but Judas the Traitor was crucified in the shape of Christ  Socinus Christ died for the Infirmities of our Nature Descended into Hell Liberatores Christ descending into Hell the damned souls believed and were delivered  Papists Christ went into Lake Limbo to loose the souls of our Forefathers  Carlisle Christ descended not into Hell at all  Banister Christ in Hell endured the very Torments of the Damned Rose again the 3d day Jews Hamant David George Deny the Resurrection of Christ  Cerinthus Christ shall Rise is not yet Risen  Swenkfeldians Christ after his Resurrection was so Deified that he is meerly God alone Ascended into Heaven Jews c. Hamant Christ is not ascended  Ket Christ's Humane Nature is not ascended but is in Judea gathering a Church  Montanists Cataphrygians Carpocratians Christ in soul only ascended  Papists Christ at his Ascension carried with him the souls of those he delivered out of Limbo  Germ. Divines Christ carried with him the souls and bodies of those he raised out of their Graves  Brentius and Vbiquitaries Christ's body after his Ascension now is every where Thence he shall come to judg the World Atheists Manichees There shall be no general Judgment  Origenists Catabaptists All the Devils and Damned in Hell shall after some time be saved  Turks Those Devils c. that in Hell cry for mercy shall be saved  Familists The wicked shall not be judged but die as Bruits  Coppinger and Arthington said Will. Hacket was come to judge the World and themselves were his Angels  Papists Beside Christ the Pope is Judg of Quick and Dead  Cerinthus Papias Origenes
Justinus Nepotiani Adamantii Chiliastae assert Christ shall Reign on the Earth 1000 years after the Resurrection So Apollinarii Victorinus Tertullian Irenaeus Lactantius  Jews Before the Judgment there shall be a Golden Age to the Godly  Hutistes Take upon them to prefix the very day and hour of Christ's coming to Judgment The H. Ghost is truly God Macedonians Tropicks Arians The Holy Ghost is a Creature or Power Celestial created by God thro' the Word  Effrontes The Holy Ghost is a bare Motion inspired by God into the Mind  Samosatenus Photinus Socinus Servetus Turks Ochinus Lombard Ket Hamant Brownists some Pneumatomachous likewise saying the Holy Ghost is not God but God's Love or Vertue whereby he works iâ— his Children  Hierax Melchisedec was the Holy Ghost  Sim. Magus His Helen was the Holy Ghost  Franciscan S. Francis was the Holy Ghost  Helehe The Holy Ghost was a Woman and the natural Sister of Christ  Grecians Russians The H. Ghost proceeds from the Father but not from the Son  Tritheists The H. Ghost is inferior to the Father as the Arians say he is not inferior to the Son Mankind is by Nature corrupt and guilty of Original sin Saturninus Some men are naturally good tho some bad  Carpocratians some of them they were every way as innocent as Christ  Adamites They were ever way as innocent as Adam before his Fall  Jews Carpocratians Familists Flatly deny Original sin  Pelagians Adam's sin hurt not his posterity  Albanenses There is no Original sin if their Adversaries report truly of them  Jack-a Leyden No Original sin  Papists The Virgin Mary was free from sin Original  Council Trent Concupiscence is no sin but proceeds from sin and inclines to sin  Manichees Original sin is another substance within us so that Man is not voluntarily but necessarily driven to evil  Socinus There is no Original Sin i. e. Concupiscence and Deformity of Nature in us Contracted by natural generation from Adam justly we being in his loins when he fell Florinus Blastus Hermogenes Therefore God is the Author of sin  Valentinians Original Sin comes From the Devil  Apollinarians Original Sin comes From Nature  Pelagians Original Sin comes By Imitation  Familists Original Sin comes By Imitation  Arminius All men are received into the Covenant of Grace and all freed from Orinal Sin So that now we have no will to good of ourselves Pharisees Sadduces Pelagians Donatists Papists Anabaptists Man hath no free will to Good  Lawr. Valla Man hath no Power to move his Body to outward things nor his Mind to sin  Hobbes Liberty of will in the Soul is Physically necessary  Socinus There is a Free will to Goodness in us  Arminius A Natural Man can by using the gifts of Nature rightly obtain saving Grace c. Nor sufficient Knowledg of our Duty Montanists said They knew more than the Apostles of Christ  Socinus No man by the Light of Nature can have any Knowledg of God Yet God requires holiness Carpocrates A Vicious Life will appease the Evil Angels  Basilides Exâ—oll'd a civil Righteousness up to the very Heavens Viz. That we worship him alone Angelici Adored Angels so did the Jews and Pythagoreans and Platonists  Armenii The Cross  Helcesaitae The Water and some Women a-kin to Helceseus  Greeks The V. Mary and Pictures  Collyridiani Offered bread to the Virgin M.  Papists Saints  Pagans Men under the Names of Jupiter Saturn c.  Persians A Dragon  Syrians A Fish and Pigeons  Aegyptians An Ox Calf Cats Vultures Crocodiles  Turks Mahomet  Americans The Devil under the name of Zemes and Tanto and Cendir  Hakem President of Egypt a Mahometan would be called God and was so by a servant of his Darareus who told him he had got 16000 Disciples viz. who would call him God  Cuscans and Peruvians Viracocha i.e. the Creator of Heaven and Earth Vaspu i. e. Wonderful and the Sun and Stars and Author of Rain and Thunder and Pachacuma and Macamoca i.e. the Earth and Sea and Rainbow high Trees c. Dragons Bears Tigers c.  Mexicani Vitzliputzli viz. Idolum quoddam  Muggletonians decry all outward Worship  Quietists do the same and call to that which is Inward and spiritual  Clancularii professed no Religion with their mouth but kept it in their heart According to his Word Will Pettaloronchiae put the Finger in the Mouth to appease God with silence  Tascodrongitae Spirituales put the Finger in the Nose to shew their Ardency in Prayer  Nudi-pedales Went barefoot  Collyridiani Used to carry about Bread in Honour of the Blessed Virgin  Papists In Procession carry about the Sacrament on Horse-back the Pope being carried on in a chair of Gold on the shoulders of 6 or 8 Noblemen By praying to him Messaliani Euchitae Euphemite Psalliani Martyriani were constantly Devoted to Prayers but idle  Agonyclitae Would not Pray kneeling nor prostrate but only standing  Beghardinae Beghinae No need of Prayers and Fasting  Prodiciani Brownists Reject the Lord's Prayer and all set Forms And praising him Arnheim Church sing the Prophets and their own Hymns And fasting and abstinence Cerdon Marcion Saturninus Carpocrates From flesh and marriage  Tatianus From Flesh Wine and Women Manichees the Priests did so yet in Fasts had plenty and variety of Fruits spices Liquors c.  Severus From Wine Women and Marriage  Gnosticks Aerians Priscillianists Apostolicks Hierarchites Valentinians Marriage is not Lawful or meet whoredom is so say the Armenians Apostolici and Encratitae from Marriage and Riches  Turks Jews Polygamy is Lawful so likewise say the Hermogenians and Ochinites  Valesii Castrated themselves  Nicolaitans Sim. Magus Woredom is Lawful  Papists They which are of spiritual Kindred may not marry  Papists admit none into the Clergy that are married unless they will be first unmarried  Vigilantian admit none into the Clergy that are married unless they will be first unmarried  Bishops admit none into the Clergy that are married unless they will be first unmarried  Origen Tertullian Catharans Henricians none should marry twice And Montanists of whom Tertullian was one so Athenagoras Hierome Nazianzen Origen  Ossens compel People to marry  Manichees Forbid marriage to the Electi Priests As God hath revealed his Will in the holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testament Circumcellians Burnt the Holy Scriptures  Archontici rejected most of the Old Testament and substituted the Apocrypha in its room  Basilides Carpocrates Valentinians Manichees Severians Catabaptists Marcionites Apelles rejected the Old Testament for the most part so the Socinians  Ebion allowed only S. Matthew's Gospel called Paul an Apostate  Sadduces only the Pentateuch  Muscovites rejected the 4 last Books