Selected quad for the lemma: soul_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
soul_n	body_n	earth_n	life_n	8,616	5	4.6117	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43199	Ductor historicus, or, A short system of universal history and an introduction to the study of that science containing a chronology of the most celebrated persons and actions from the creation to this time, a compendious history of ... transactions ... of the ancient monarchies and governments of the world, an account of the writings of the most noted historians ... together with definitions and explications of terms used in history and chronology, and general instructions for the reading of history / partly translated from the French of M. de Vallemont, but chiefly composed anew by W.J., M.A.	Hearne, Thomas, 1678-1735.; Vallemont, abbé de (Pierre Le Lorrain), 1649-1721. Elémens de l'histoire.	1698 (1698)	Wing H1309; ESTC R15760	279,844	444

many obscenities which the World would not much care to know and it were to be wished says Muret that Suetonius had not inform'd us so well of so much Lewdness as Tiberius Nero and Caligula have been guilty of For it is to be fear'd that when a Man relates so many Impurities he may seem to set up a School to Teach them There are some other Pieces of Suetonius but they do not concern History X. Iustin according to the most probable Opinion flourish'd in the time of Antoninus Pius He is the Abridger of Trogus Pompeius's History and so they charge upon him the loss of that great Work The History of Trogus Pompeius contain'd XLIV Books and Iustin has kept to the same Number in his Abridgment The Latin of Iustin is very fine and such as is thought worthy of the Age of Augustus As for Trogus Pompeius he was a Native of the Country of the Vocontii in the Gallia Narbonensis and flourish'd under Augustus His Grand-father was made Free of the City of Rome through the favour of Pompey the Great And his Father after having born Arms under Caesar became his Secretary and Keeper of his Seal The Loss of his History is one of the greatest Misfortunes that could happen to the Common-wealth of Learning It began at Ninus the Founder of the Assyrian Monarchy and came down as low as the Emperor Augustus In Iustine's Epitomy of this History there are many Chronological Faults which ought not to be imputed to Trogus Pompeius for he was a Person too skilful to be guilty of them THESE are the most considerable Writers of the Roman Story which was continued by those commonly call'd Augustan Writers whose Names were Spartianus Lampridius Capitolinus Vulcatius c. and afterwards by Amianus Marcellinus a faithful and judicious Historian who flourish'd in the Year of Christ 375. and Aurelius Victor who liv'd in 395. and was an Author of great Prudence But to give particular Accounts of these and the many other Historians who will claim the same Respect would too much swell our Volume and they may be the rather omitted because those that follow are abundantly short in excellence of those we have been speaking of which the learned Gerhard Vossius declares and confessed that the good Days of History were past and the doating Age of it began after the Antonines when he began his second Book of Latin Historians with these Words Transitur ad Historiae Senectutem It is exceedingly useful to a Reader to be made acquainted with the History of the Author's Person and Circumstances together with a Character of his Work before he begins to read it for whereas without being preinform'd perhaps half the Book shall be read before he discover it and many Excellencies and Beauties and it may be Faults of the Work pass'd by unobserv'd for want of such Knowledge The Reader is on the contrary very much enlightned and Studies the Author with a great deal more pleasure and true Profit when he is already taught wherein his excellency consists or where his Faults lie that he pass not by the one without proper Notice or be 〈…〉 'T is for this Reason that we have given the preceeding Account of Historians and have been so large in their Characters wherein we have not presum'd to give our own Judgment but only to set down that of such Criticks as are of approv'd Learning and Judgment And this we think is the properest Introduction to the Study of History We shall proceed now to a short but distinct and as exact as possible Account of the most considerable Ancient and Modern Monarchies and Governments of the World But in as much as we perceive that the finishing this Work so perfectly as it should be will take up greater space than we at first intended this Volume shall terminate at the Birth of our Saviour and therefore having in this gone through the Three great Monarchies of Assyria Persia and Greece together with the Chinese and Egyptain Monarchies and the several smaller Kingdoms and Republicks that were contemporary with and mostly swallow'd up by them I say having gone through these and the Roman History till the arrival of that Monarchy to its highest pitch of Grandeur under the Emperor Augustus we shall close this Volume and compose another which shall continue a General History down to these Times A SYSTEM OF Universal History PART III. CONTAINING A Compendious History and Chronology of the most considerable Transactions that happen'd in the World from the Creation to the time of our Saviour Exhibiting a Series of the History and Succession of the Governments of these Nations Viz I. The Church of God under Patriarchs The Israelites under the Judges and Kings and the Iews under the High-Priests and Captains II. The Assyrian Monarchy III. The Persian Monarchy IV. The Grecian Monarchy V. The Empire of China VI. The Kingdom of Egypt VII The ancient Governments of Greece viz. of Athens Lacedemon Macedon Corinth Sicyon Argos Troy Lydia Tyre c. VIII The Roman Monarchy from its Origine to its Establishment under Augustus Printed for Tim. Childe 1698. A Short SYSTEM OF Universal History PART III. An Account of the Ancient Monarchies which preceded the Birth of IESVS CHRIST CHAP. I. An Account of the Church of God under the Old Testament GOD created the Heaven and the Earth and all that in them is He created them out of Nothing by the sole Power of his Word for his own Glory He did not make them all at once as if it were out of Necessity but in Six Days time and according to the Order which he thought most convenient The first Day he made the Light the second he made the Heaven the third Day he divided the Heaven from the Earth and caused the Earth to bring forth Herbs Trees and all manner of Plants the fourth Day he made the Sun Moon and Stars the fifth Day he made the Fishes and the Fowls the sixth Day he caused the Earth to bring forth all the other Beasts and lastly he made Man to command all the rest of the Creation The seventh Day God rested having finished all his Works that is he ceased from producing new Creatures God made Man in his own Image and Likeness that is to say after he had formed a Body out of the Earth he breathed into it the Breath of Life 'T is this Soul which is the Image of God because it is a Spirit God having made Man made also Woman to be an help meet for him and he made her of one of the Man's Ribs that so the Man and the Woman might love each other entirely and be made one as being but one Flesh. The Man whom God called Adam and the Woman whom God called Eve were Innocent when they came out of the Hands of their Cteator but they fell into Sin by the Malice of the Devil and involved all their Posterity in their Guilt and in all the Miserie 's

vast Eternity should have produc'd Wits able to invent Mills Printing the Mariners Compass and the many other most useful things which the few Years in comparison of Eternity since Noah hath produc'd CHAP. II. Rules to be observed in writing History HIstory being a true Narration for Benefit of Posterity interwoven with many memorable Events either of Peace or War ought to be attempted without Rules and Art An Historian is not to be guided implicitely by his Genius how great soever it be And the manner after which we commonly judge of History sufficiently shews that of all Works of the Mind none require so great Attention and so exact a Method Nevertheless the Rules I here set down are not intended for those that shall write History for the future but only for Youth that shall read what is already written Their Judgments must be elevated and plac'd as it were above the Authors they peruse that the● may not servilely rely upon them and believe whatever they have written to be unquestionable On the other side it is a Fault in our Imaginations to slight the Ancients for Wit has ever been the Growth of all Age● and all Countries yet at the same time it will be acknowledg'd no less a Weakness to look upon what they have left us as Miracles We ought to treat our Ancestors neither with Submission nor Contempt but with a just Enquiry into their Perfections and Deserts As the Rules I am about to give are not of my Invention the Publick being wholly Indebted for them to the ingenious Translator of Salust so I shall disclaim all pretence to any Merit thereby it having been only my Business to translate the learned Preface of that judicious Critick History consists of two Parts I. Narration which is the Body of it and whose Business is to relate impartially all remarkable Actions of this Life And II. Political Reflections which are its Soul and which are to be imitated upon all Occasions 1. Narration ought to be Brief and Concise especially in Orations History and Epick Poetry because a Reader there does not care to hear that which he has already comprehended Scaliger has made a very false Judgment of Salust when he stiles him Omnium Scriptorum Numerossimum and in my Judgment the two Seneca's Quintilian Aulus Gillius Macrobius Sidonius Apollinaris c. have given a much better Account of him Three Things contribute to Brevity of Style 1. Genius 2. Art And 3. Language First A strong and lively Genius is requir'd that may go through with a Work and surmount all vulgar Eyes the Tokens of which are to have Thoughts and Conceptions where Truth and Novelty are join'd Salust was naturally bent to Brevity and Cicero on the contrary to Copiousness which is necessary to be known since that for want of such Reflection many learned Men have taken false Measures Some that Nature design'd to resemble Salust in his way of Writing have nevertheless made it their Endeavours to imitate Cicero and others that were born to follow Cicero have presum'd to imitate Salust so that by these means both have done violence to their Genius and lost that easy genuine Air without which it is impossible either to move or please Yet it is absolutely necessary that an Author who enclines towards the Genius of Cicero should read Salust to prevent his Style from running out and on the contrary those that come nearest Salust should have recourse to Cicero when their Style is like to be broken and too concise To produce a compleat Work two Things are necessary 1. Exact Composition And 2. Careful Revisal That is to say neither to compose with Negligence nor correct with Precipitation but in both to have a principal Regard to Art 2. Art in the Composition prevents making use of any Thing either foreign to the purpose or unprofitable tho' Art be oftentimes tyranniz'd over by an Head-strong Genius yet Correction always revenges its Quarrel and brings a too exhuberant Genius to Reason Whilst a Man is Composing he may give a loose to his Genius but when he comes to Revise he must have his Eyes full of Severity At the time of a serious ●●eflection Art is busied in paring off Superfluities retrenching Excursions and enlivening Obscurities and Flatnesses There is a sort of Brevity which proceeds from Chance Whimsy and Dryness or Weakness of Conception or Genius but this we cannot commend for Brevity ought only to be the Product of Knowledge Reflection or Judgment A Writer therefore must beware of too great a Restraint as a Slavery and too great a Freedom as a pernicious Liberty Historical Narration nevertheless will admit of introducing more Circumstances than Oratorial because among all the Circumstances of an Action an Orator only makes use of those which are for his purpose Nay he has moreover a liberty of feigning them where he supposes they may be understood Historical or speaking Pictures There are two sorts of Pictures One Dumb as Draughts and Sculptures of all kinds and the other Speaking as History Poetry and Oratory Three Things contribute to render these speaking Pictures agreeable 1. They must be done after the Life 2. They must denote the Persons by the Parts of them that are most necessary to be known And 3. They must always have chief Regard to that Action which best becomes the Person they represent Heroes Harangues or Speeches They may be abridged and made conformable to the Style of the History which they are made use of in as Salust most commonly has done Three Duties of an Historian 1. To des●ribe Things 2. To represent Actions And 3. To relate Discourses Thirdly Style or Language is to be considered either as to 1. The Action 2. The Ornaments Or 3. It s Purity Relating to Action it is 1. Sublime 2. Indifferent And 3. Low or Humble In regard of Ornaments the first place is given to 1. The Indifferent 2. The Sublime And 3. The Low or Humble In regard of Purity the chief Rank is bestowed on The Low or Humble Style This last Style is what an Historian ought to make use of being least warm and consequently more comely since a Mind that it is not embarassed with any Passion is more capable of adorning its Discourse for that long Calm which reigns throughout the whole Course of History would infallibly tire instead of pleasing us if it were not sometimes quickned and enlivened by a briskness of Style and variety of Figures But at the same time others say of History O nari Res ipsa negat Contenta Doceri An eloquent Oration like a Race or a Combat has an Influence over its Auditor suitable to the force it bears when on the contrary History rather resembles a calm Walk or to say better a long Voyage where if its Reader does not meet with either Pleasure or Profit in the Way he soon grows weary and dissatisfied An Historian is obliged to set Truth in its best Light which is an

mild enough to be prevailed upon by reasonable Advice till in the latter end of his Reign when the Persian Luxury had debauched him To these natural Qualifications his Father a wise and couragious Prince added an Education that finished this excellent Piece for in his tender years he was commited to the Care and Tuition of Aristotle that great Philosopher by whose Wisdom this Noble Prince was so far improved that An Philippo Patri aut Aristoteli magistro plus debuit Alexander is become a common Subject of Declamation in the Schools When he was but a Youth visiting his Father's Stables he saw the Horse Bucephalus whom when by reason of his fierceness none of the Grooms durst venture to ride he undertook to tame and leaping upon his Back rode him round the Ring his Father surprized and delighted with the Courage of his Son ran to him and with Kisses and Embraces bad him seek some larger Territories for Macedon was too straight to contain so great a Soul At the Age of 18 years he shewed a wonderful Courage in the Battel of Cheronesus against the Athenians wherein some say he saved his Father's Life and gained the whole Honour of that Expedition His Father Philip after he had gained many signal Victories in Greece was preparing for an Expedition into Persia but was hindred in it by Death being killed by Pausanias at the Wedding of his Daughter Cleopatra about the year 3615 and was succeeded by his Son Alexander who was at that time about 20 years of Age. Alexander to follow his Father's Example went to Peloponnesus and caused all the Confederated Cities of Greece to meet at Corinth where by the Consent of all except the Lacedomonians he was chosen Generalissimo of the Army raised against the Persians Soon after this viz. in the Spring of the year 3617 he marched through Thrace and made Incursions into the Country of the Triballians and Illyrians He had a bloody Engagement upon the Banks of the Danube and therein defeated Sirmus the King of the Triballians Upon occasion of this Battel a Report ran that Alexander was beaten which Demosthenes corrupted with Persian Gold so inculcated at Athens that the People believed it and Revolted But Alexander soon convinced them of their Mistake for having finished his Work by the Reduction of those Barbarians he returned to Greece and the Athenians were wise enough to beg his Pardon and obtained it but the Thebans despising his Threats were be sieged their City taken and ras'd to the Ground except the House of Pindar which Alexander caused to be saved and gave it to the Posterity of that excellent Poet. And now having satisfied his Honour and Revenge Alexander again bethinks himself of his Persian Expedition and passing into Peloponnesus he was again declared Commander of the Forces raised for that Service 'T was in this Journey that he gave a Visit to Diogenes the Cynick at Corinth and soon after the return from it that in a Dream he saw the High-Priest of Ierusalem who Exhorted him forthwith to go to the Conquest of the Persians wherein he assured him of Success And now all things being prepared Alexander gave away the Government of his Dominions to his Friends distributing to some Villages to others Boroughs and to others Sea-Ports and Territories and reserving little or nothing Perdicas asked him What he kept for himself To which he answered Hope And now leaving Antipater chief Administrator he set forward for Asia having 60 Long-Ships to transport his Army which consisted of 40000 Men whereof Parmenio was made Commander of the greatest part When he came into Asia he visited the Tomb of Achilles from whom on the Mother's side he was descended He said Achilles was doubly happy in having such a Friend as Patroclus during his Life and such a Panegyrist as Homer after his Death After this he passed the Granicum a River in Phrygia where he met with Darius at the Head of 100000 Foot and 20000 Horse drawn up in a Line of Battel The two Armies joined and a very sharp Engagement happened between them The Persians lost 20000 Foot and 2000 Horse and about as many more were taken Prisoners Darius and his Army which appeared so formidable were put to flight and Alexander gain'd this Victory with the Loss of only 100 Men. By this means an Avenue was opened into Asia and Alexander marched to Sardis the Capital City of Lydia which the Governor surrender'd to him with all the Treasures that were therein From thence he marched to Ephesus where he put an end to the Oligarchical Government of that Place and established Democracy in its stead After this he took Miletum by Storm which was a very strong Town and famous for the Colonies it sent out to the Neighbouring Islands But Halicarnasseus which stood out against him to the last Extremity was by his Orders demolished In a word within the compass of a year he became Master of all Phrygia Lydia Pamphylia Pisidia Paphlagonia and Cappadocia Years of the World Years before Christ. 3617. This Year Alexander signaliz'd by his second Victory over Darius in the Battel of Issus in which Engagement he received a Wound in his Thigh that hinder'd him from meeting with Darius whom he intended to have killed with his own Hand The Persians according to Iustin's Account were 400000 Foot and 100000 Horse But Quintus Curtius does not reckon above half so many In this Battel the Persians lost 100000 Foot but others say only 50000. Let the Loss be more or less Darius was put to flight and that he might not be discovered threw away his Imperial Mantle That which went deepest to the Heart of this unfortunate Prince was that his Mother Sisigambis his Wife Statira his two Daughters and his Son not above 6 years old were taken by the Conqueror But Alexander used them always like Queens paid them great Respect and for their Comfort assured them that Darius whom they supposed to be dead was still alive 333 Immediately upon this Victory Alexander sent Parmenio to make sure of Damascus the Capital City of Syria where Darius left incredible Riches and all the great Women and Princesses of Persia. The Governor without any Ceremony betrayed the City to him but Alexander was so just as to punish the Traitor and sent his Head to Darius as a Present There were 7000 Horse-Loads of Treasure in the place which amounted to the Value of above ten millions Sterling He marched into Syria where he deprived of their Estates all those who made any Opposition against him Biblus in Phenicia and Sidon were some time before they would surrender to him but were at length reduced and the Kingdom of Sidon bestowed by Hephestion Alexander's Favourite on Abdolominus a Gardiner who lived in the Suburbs of that City He subdued all Syria and Phenicia except Tyre which held out 7 months but at last was taken and 2000 of its Inhabitants hanged on the Sea-Coast He took Gaza