Selected quad for the lemma: soul_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
soul_n	body_n	earth_n	life_n	8,616	5	4.6117	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13665	The new found vvorlde, or Antarctike wherin is contained wo[n]derful and strange things, as well of humaine creatures, as beastes, fishes, foules, and serpents, trées, plants, mines of golde and siluer: garnished with many learned aucthorities, trauailed and written in the French tong, by that excellent learned man, master Andrevve Theuet. And now newly translated into Englishe, wherein is reformed the errours of the auncient cosmographers.; Singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique. English	Thevet, André, 1502-1590.; Hacket, Thomas, fl. 1560-1590.	1568 (1568)	STC 23950; ESTC S111418	200,763	298

thinke they haue as the Cryb a people of Thracia and other barbarous men in certaine Ilands of the sea Magilanike a thing very detestable and vnworthie of christendome to whome may serue for example these poore brutishe men The women for the tyme that they be greate with childe shall not beare or carie any heauie burthens neyther shall do any great labour for feare to be hurt The woman being brought to bed or deliuered the wiues shal carie the chyld to the sea to be washed or to some Ryuer and then will bring it to the mother who shall remaine in hir childe bed twentie dayes and foure houres the father shall cutte the childes nauell with his téeth as I my selfe haue séene as for the rest they handle and vse the women in child bed as tenderly as we doe here the norishment of the litle childe is the mothers milke notwithstāding that within certain days after his natiuitie they wil giue it grosser sustenance The father shortly after the childe is borne shall giue him a bow and arrow in his hand as a beginnyng and protestation of warre and vengeaunce of their enimies But yet there is one thing that marreth al that is that the fathers mothers before they marry their daughters wil gyue them to be abused to the first cōmer for a little value principally to Christians that trade thither if they will couple with them as wée haue before shewed Wée fynde in some histories of certaine people lyuing in maner as these wilde men do in their mariages Seneca in one of his Epistles and Strabo in hys Cosmographie writeth that the Lydians and Armenians hadde a custome to sende their virgins and maidens to the sea borders there in offering them selues to all commers to get them husbandes or else their dowries As muche sayeth Iustinus dyd the virgins of Cypris for to get their dowries and mariages which when they were quit and well iustified offered to the Goddesse Venus a present or offeryng We may fynde at this day amongst vs that making great profession of vertue and religion would doe the lyke and rather more without offering presente or candle the which I knowe of a truthe As touching the consanguinitie in Mariage Saincte Hierome writeth that the Athenians were woonte to marrie the brethren wyth the systers and not the Auntes wyth the nephewes the whych is contrary to the order of the Americanes Lykewise in oure countrey a woman of late hadde libertie to marrie hir selfe to fiue husbandes and not contraried Beside this we sée the Turkes and Arabians tooke many wiues I speake it not for that it is honest and allowable but for that we christians should auoyde such things To conclude our wylde men vse the maner and order that wée haue shewed so that a mayden is seldome maried hauing hir virginitie but beyng once maryed they dare doe no faulte for their husbandes doe looke straightly to them hauing a suspition of Iealousie shée may leaue hir husbande if that she be euill intreated the whiche oftentimes commeth to passe as we reade of the Aegyptians that dydde the lyke before they had any lawes In this pluralitie of women that they vse as wée haue sayde there is alwayes one aboue the others moste fauoured whiche is not subiect to so much trauell as the others All the children that procéede by the mariage of these wiues are reputed legittimate saying that the first Author of generation is the father and not the mother which is the cause that many tymes they kill the male children of their enimies being prisoners bicause y e such children in time to come might be their enimies Of the ceremonies buriall and funeralls that they vse to the deceassed Capit. 43. SEyng that I haue shewed you their doing and maner of liuyng and other theyr orders and ceremonies there resteth to speake of their Funerals and burialls For all that these kinde of people are brutishe and vnciuile yet haue they this custome and opinion to lay the dead bodies in the earth after that the soule is separated from the body in the place wher as the deceased in hys life time toke most plesure thinking so as they say that they can not put hym in place more notable than in the earth that bringeth forth the men that beareth so many fruites and other richesse profitable and necessarie for the vse of man There haue ben many lewde and vnaduised Heathen Philosophers that toke no care what should becom of their bodies after their decease whether it were cast out to y e beasts in the fields or birds of y e aire they forced not As Diogenes who after his death cōmaunded that this body should be cast out to the foules of the aire beastes of the fielde for to be eaten and deuoured saying that after his death his bodie should fele no more pain and that he loued much better that his body shold serue for sustenance than to putrifie and rot Likewise Lycurgus among the Lacedemonians did giue straight cōmaundement as Seneca writeth that after his deathe his body shoulde be cast into the sea others that there should be burned to ashes These poore people of America though they be brutish and ignorant shewe them selues after the death of their parentes or frends with out comparison more reasonable than aunciently dyd the Parthians who for all that they had lawes in stede of putting their dead bodies into the earthe cast them out to be a praie for soules and dogs Also the Taxilians did cast their dead bodies to the soules of the ayre and the Caspians in like maner The Ethiopians did cast the dead bodies into the waters the Romans did burne them to ashes as many other nations haue done By this ye may sée that the wilde men are not so voide of honestie but that they haue some knowledge of good considering that without lawe or faith they haue this knowledge and aduise that is to wit as much as Nature hath taught them Therfore they burye the deade bodies in the earth as we haue alreadie sayde in like maner as did aunciently the Nasomones Nowe the buriall of the dead is approued as well by the olde as by the new testament Likewise the ceremonies if they be duly obserued as well for that they haue bene vessels and instrumēts of the soule diuine and immortal as also to giue hope of the resurrection to come Here might I bring in many things as touching this mater but for that it is not my argument I omitte it and let it passe Nowe therefore among these wylde men yf that a housholder happen to dye hys wyues and hys néere kinsefolke and friends shall make a maruellous mournyng not for the space of thrée or foure dayes but foure or fiue monethes and this greatest sorow is foure or fiue of the first dayes ye shall heare them make such a noyse and harmonie as dogges and catts ye shall see as well men as women

these wilde men of which we speake but the vanitie of this worlde shall cease when it pleaseth God Now to our matter we began to shew that there is a kinde of Magike most damnable that is called Thurgia or Goetia ful of enchantementes wordes ceremonies and inuocations hauing yet vnder hir certaine other kindes of the which as it is sayde was inuenter Zabulus As touching the true and perfit Magike the which is to seke and know heauenly things to celebrate and honor God it hath bene commended of many noble graue personages such had the thrée Kings that went to seke out Christe and such Magike is taken to be perfit and pure wisdome The Persians woulde not receiue any into the dignitie of their Empire vnlesse he had lerned this Magike that is if he were not wise For Magus in their language is wise in oures and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Gréeke is Sapiens in Latine Of the which was the inuentor as it is sayde Zalmoxis and Zorastria not he that is so common but he that was sonne to Oromasia Also Plato in his Alcibiades saith that he verily thinketh that the Magike of Zorastria is no other thing but to know and celebrate God the which to know and vnderstande he him self with Pithagoras Empedocles and Democrites hazarded themselues bothe by sea and by lande going into strange countries for to learne and know this Magike I knowe well that Plinie and many others haue enforced themselues to attaine thereto As for me I thought good to speake thus much by the way séeing it commeth now in purpose as touching our wilde men How these Americans beleue the soule to be immortall Cap. 37. THis poore people although they be ignorant erre yet their errour and ignorance is more to be borne with all than the Arians of our tyme which being not content to haue bene created to the image and lykenesse of the eternal God perfit aboue al creaturs against all scripture and miracles they wil shew themselues like brute beastes without lawe or reason and therefore bicause of their obstinate errour they shoulde be handled lyke beastes for there is no beaste be he neuer so wilde and brutish but will obey and serue man as the very image of God the which we dayly sée But it will one day come to passe that these wicked Imps shall well knowe that there resteth somewhat after the death of this worlde that at the later day shall appeare before the maiestie of God there to giue account of their wicked and damnable errour Nowe therefore these poore people do think y e soule to be immortal the which they name in theyr language Cherepicouare the which I knewe in asking of them what became of their soule when they were deade The soules sayde they of them that haue valiantly faught with their enimies goeth with many other soules to places of pleasure goodly woods gardens and orchardes but to the contrarie those that haue not well defended their countrey nor resisted their enimies shall goe with Agnan that is to the wicked spirite that tormented them On a tyme I boldened my self to aske or inquire of a greate King of that countrey as touching the immortalitie of the soule who was come aboue thirtie leagues of to sée vs but he answered me fiercely in his language these words Knowest thou not sayd he that after we be dead our soules go into a far countrey wheras they be founde altogether in fayre goodly places as our Prophets doe say that visit them oftentimes speke vnto them the which opinion they beleue and holde of a truthe Another tyme we went to visit another greate King of that countrey named Pindahouson whome we founde sicke in his bed of an Ague who among other things demaunded of me what became of the soules of our friendes and others when they dyed and I made answere that they went with Toupan the which he dyd easily beleue vpon the which he answered me these wordes come hether sayde he I haue hearde thée speake much of Toupan that can doe all things speake to him for me that I be healed and if I can be made whole I will giue thée many faire giftes yea I wilbe clad and arrayed as thou art beare such a greate bearde and honor Toupan as thou doest And in dede when that he was whole the Lorde of Villegagnon was determined to haue him baptized and therefore he kept him alwayes with him They haue another foolish opinion the which is that being on the water be it sea or Riuer for to goe against their enimies if that in the meane time there arise a tempest or rage on the water as many times ther doth they thinke that it commeth of the soules of their parents or friendes but wherefore they cannot tell and for to appease the tempest they cast some thing into the water in tokē of a present or offering thinking by this meanes to appease the windes Furthermore when any of them die be he King or other before that they lay them in their graue if that there be any that hath any thing belonging or partayning to the dead body they will not kepe it backe but wil bring it and deliuer it openly restore it before them all for to be put into the earth with him otherwise they doe thinke that the soule after that it is separated from the body wil come and molest them that kepe their goodes I woulde to God that many amongst vs were of the lyke opinion I meane without errour then would they not kepe backe deade mens goodes from poore orphelins and others Now they hauing restored to the deade man that which is his he is surely bounde with ropes of cotton and of the pithe of trées so that it is vnpossible as they thinke for him to reuiue and come agayne the which they doe greatly feare saying that to the elders it hath so chaunced and that hath made them since to looke better to it How these wilde men make warre one against another specially against those whome they name Margageas and Thabaiares Also of a tree which they name Hayri of the which they make their weapons for warre Cap. 38. THese people of America are greate quarrellers against their neighbors chiefly against those whome they name in their language Margageas Thabaiares hauing no other meane to appease their quarrell they fight cruelly one with another They gather together vpon a .6000 men sometymes ten or .12000 village against village or otherwise as they do méete the like do those of Perou and the Canibals And before that they execute any greate enterprise be it in warre or otherwise they assemble and come together chiefly the eldest sorte without their wiues or children with such a grace and modesty that they wil speake one after another and be that speaketh shal be heard with attētiue silence who hauing declared his minde giueth place to

the Antiquities of India al that is comprehended on the one side from the North sea or Meditareum euen to the West Meridionall neuerthelesse seperated in twayne olde and newe the new beginneth at the hilles of the Moone hauing his head at the Cape of good hope in the South sea .35 degrées aboue the lyne so that it contayneth of latitude .25 degrées As touching the olde it is diuided in foure prouinces the first is Barbaria contayning Mauritania Cyrenia and Cesariensia there the people be very blacke In tymes past this countrey was little inhabited but nowe much more also the diuerse kindes of people remayning in this countrey with the diuersitie of maners and of their Religion the knowledge of which wold haue made both a long voyage and also a large volume Ptolomeus hath made no mention of the exterior parte towarde the South for bicause that it was not founde out nor discouered in his tyme. Many haue discribed it more at large as Plinie Mela Strabo Apian and others and therefore I wil not stand therein This Religion as Herodian writeth is frutefull and well peopled with people of diuerse sortes and maners of liuing Also the Phenicians in times past came to dwell in Africa as it is sene by that which is writen in the Phenician tong in certaine pyllers of stone that as yet are to be sene in the towne of Tynge called at this day Thamar belonging to the King of Portugal As touching their maners euen so as is the temperatnesse of the ayre according to the diuersitie of places also the people themselues doe cause varietie of temperance and by folowing of maners for the Simpathie that the soule hath with the body as Galian sheweth in the booke that he hath writē Likewise we sée in Europia in diuers Kingdomes the varietie of maners and customes the Africans in general are crafty as the Syrines couetous the Sicilians willy and the Asians voluptuous There is also difference in Religions some worship after an other maner some are Mahometistes other some are Christians after a very strange maner contrary to vs. And as for brute beastes there are diuers kindes Aristotle saith that the beastes in Asia are very cruell and in Africa monstrous For the scarcetie of water many beastes of diuers kindes are constrayned to assemble where as there is any water to be had there oftentimes they couple together and therby engendereth the diuersitie of strange and monstrous beastes the which causeth this argument and prouerbe that Africa alwayes bringeth forth some new thing This prouerbe is commō among the Romaines for that they made thether many vayages hauing the Dominion of it of a long tyme as Scipio Africanus sayth they alwaies brought from thence some strange thing which séemed to engender a rebuke or shame to their citie and common weale The fourth Chapter treateth of Africa particularly NOwe as concerning that parte of Africa the which we haue coasted towards the West as Mauritania and Barbaria so named bicause of the diuersitie and strange maner of the inhabitantes it is inhabited with Turkes Moores and others borne in the countrey true it is that in some places it is vnhabited and as desert as wel for the extreme heate that maketh them to goe naked sauing onely their priuie partes as also for the sterilitie and barennesse of some places being full of Spiders and for the quantitie of wild beastes as Lyons Tigers Dragons Leopards Panthers and others vnknowen the which causeth and constrayneth the people of that countrey to go in bandes and companies to their affaires and trades garnished with bowes and arowes with other weapons for their defense But if by aduenture they be sodainly beset with these wild beasts being but a smal cōpanie whē that they go a fishing or otherwise they flée to the sea casting thēselues in so saue thēselues by swimming in the which they are wel exercised accustomed The others being not so swift in running or not hauing the knowledge to swym clyme vp into trées and by this meane they euitate or eschew the danger of those beastes Ye must also note that the people of y e countrey dye more by the rauishment of wilde beasts than by natural death and this is from Gibaltar to the Capuerd They kepe the cursed and damnable lawe of Mahomet yea more superstitiously than the naturall Turkes Before they make their prayer in their temples they washe wholy their bodies thinking thereby they purge their soule as well as the body by this outwarde washing and ceremonie with a corruptible element and their prayer is made foure times a day as I haue sene the Turkes do at Constantinople In times past when that the Pagans had firste receiued this damnable Religion they were constrayned once in their time to make a voyage to Mecha where as their gentill Prophete is buryed otherwise they had no hope of the rewards or benefits that to them wer promised the which things the Turkes obserue at this day and they assemble for to accomplishe this voyage with all kinde of munitions and attilery as though they would goe a warfar for feare of the inuasions of the Arabians that kepe the mountaines in certaine places What assemblies I haue sene being in Cairea with the magnificence and triumphes that there is made And yet this is more curiously and straitly obserued amōg the Moores of Africa and other Mahometists so blinded and obstinate are they the which hath giuen me occasion to speake in this place of the Turkes and of their voyage afore they take in hand the warre or any thing else of waight or importance And when that principally the meane is taken from them to make this voyage they sacrifice some wild or tame beast as they chaunce to méete which they call as well in their language as in Arabike Corban which is as much to say as present or offering the which abuse is not vsed amōg the Turkes of Leuant neither in Constantinople They haue certaine Priests that are the greatest deceiuers of y e world they make the common sort beleue vnderstande that they know the secrets of God and of their Prophete that speaketh many times to them Furthermore they vse a strange maner of writing and do attribute the first vse of writing before all other nations To the which the Egyptians wil neuer accord to whom the most part of those that haue treated of Antiquities giue the first inuention of writing with the representing by certaine figures the cogitations and thoughtes of the minde And to this purpose writeth Tacitus in this maner the Egyptians wer the first that represented and manifested the conception of the minde by figures of beastes grauing vpon stones for the memorial of mē the things that happened and were done in times past Likewise they say that they are the first inuenters of letters And this inuention as it is founde by writing was brought into

broken out with infections as the Frenchmen are Thus much thought I needefull to speake in this place And he that will make any difficultie to beleue my words let him aske the opinion of the moste learnedest Physitions of the originall cause of this disease and what internall partes are soonest grieued where it is nourished For I sée at this day many contradictions but not among the lerned And to my séeming I fynde very fewe that toucheth the pricke specially of those that take vpon them to heale it among the which there are men and women so ignorant that they cause many mishaps vnto the poore pacientes for in stéede of curyng and healyng of them they make them worse and worse There are other kinde of diseases as ophthalmies of the whiche we haue alreadie shewed that comes of ouermuch smoke for that they make their fires in many corners and places of their lodgings the which are great for that they assemble a great number for to take vp their lodgings I knowe well that al ophthalmies come not of smoke but wher of so euer it be it commeth of the ylnesse of the brain being by some meanes grieued Also all the diseases of the eies are not ophthalmies as may bée séene among the inhabitauntes of America of whiche we speake for many haue loste their sight hauing no inflamation in their eyes And this fulnesse and abundance of troubles of the braine as I maye learne and vnderstande commeth of the ayre and southwindes hot and moyst very common in America the whiche sodainly fylleth the brayne as Hippocrates sheweth Also we feele in our selues our bodies to wax heauy specially the head when the winde is at south For to heale this paine of the eyes they cut a braunch of a certaine trée very soft rinde like to a kind of palme trée the which they bring home to their houses and they let drop the iuyce being redde into the eye of the pacient Moreouer this kind of people is always subiect to the leprosie paralysey and other exterior vices as we are in this country but they are alwayes whole and well disposed walkyng with a great courage and boldnesse their heads lifting vp like a stagge or hart This much by the way of this sicknesse the most daungerous that is in Fraunce Antartike or America Of the diseases most rife and common in America and the meane that they obserue to cure them Cap. 46. THere is none be they neuer of so rude and grosse memorie but that knoweth well that these Americanes are made of foure elementes as all naturall bodies are so that by this meanes they are subiect to the like affections that wée are In déede diseases and sickneesss may be diuers and contrary according to the temperatenesse of the ayre and maner of lyuyng Those in that countrey that inhabite neare the sea are subiecte to rotten diseases as Feuers Catarres and others In the whiche these poore people are so persuaded and abused of their Prophetes of whome we haue spoken the whiche are called for to heale them when they haue these diseases and they haue this foolishe opinion that they can cure them we can not better compare these impes thā to a companie of new fond foolish ignorant Physitions in our dayes here in our realme y t persuade the pore people make profession that they can heale all kinde of diseases curable and vncurable the whiche I woulde very well beleue if that science were become ignorance Therfore these Prophetes make them to beleue that they doe speake vnto the spirites and soules of their parentes and that nothyng to them is vnpossible also that they can cause the soule to speake within the bodie Moreouer when soeuer any sycke man féeleth his stomacke to swelle by the occasions of some humours in the stomacke and liuer the whyche by debilitie or otherwyse he can not caste or vomite vp he thinketh that it is his soule that complaineth Now these goodly Phrophetes for to heale this disease wil suck with their mouth the place where the sore or disease lieth thinking that by this meanes they drawe it oute Lykewyse they sucke one an other but not with such belefe and opinion the women vse other meanes they wyll put into the pacientes mouth a thréede of cotton a two foote long the whiche afterwardes they sucke thynkyng also by thys thréede for to get away thys disease or sickenesse If one of them doe hurte an other in ernest or otherwyse he is bounde to sucke his wounde vntill the tyme that he bée healed And in the meane tyme they doe abstayne frome certayne meates the which they thinke is contrary They haue y e mean to lette bloud betwéene the shoulders with a kynde of herbe very cutting or with the teeth of some beast The maner how to diet the pacient is this They wil neuer giue him no meate nor sustenance before he doe aske it and they will rather let him languish a whole moneth They are not so often grieued with sicknesse as we be although they go all naked day and nyghte also they vse no excesse or superfluitie in their meates or drinkes In other things they are very curious to knowe the trées and fruites they will not tast of any fruite that is perisht vnlesse it be thorough ripe The fruite of which they commonly eate in their sicknesses is named Naua being great made in maner of a Pine apple thys fruite when it waxeth ripe becommeth yelow the which is very excellent as wel for his swetenesse as his relish as pleasant as fine suger and more It is not possible to bring of them into this countrey but conserued for being ripe they will not long kéepe Furthermore it beareth no grain wherfore they plāt them by litle slippes as the fruites that are grafted in our countrey Also before it be ripe it is so roughe in eating that it will pull of the skinne of your lips the leafe of this trée when it groweth is like to the leafe of a large Iounck or sags I wil not forget that amōg their diseases they haue one maruellous indisposition which commeth by litle wormes that enter into their féete named in their language Tom that are litle ones and I thinke that they ingender in their féet for there will be somtimes such a number in one place that they wyll rayse a knob as big as a beane with doloure and paine in that place the whiche paine also chaunced to vs for being there our féete and our handes were couered with little clothes in the which when they were broken was onely one white worme with filthe And for to shunne this griefe the wilde men make a certain oyle of a fruite named Hibonconhu like vnto a Date the which is not good to eate they preserue it in little vessels of fruites named in their language Caramenio and therwith they rubbe the places that are grieued a