howbeit_o this_o be_v not_o universal_o observe_v for_o even_o till_o the_o year_n 950._o we_o find_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o history_n throughout_o all_o the_o province_n of_o europe_n a_o great_a number_n of_o ecclesiastic_a person_n marry_v famous_a doctor_n impugn_v the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o roman_z bishop_n descend_v of_o ecclesiastical_a parent_n who_o be_v marry_v even_o during_o their_o clerk-ship_n as_o be_v boniface_n i._o fellix_fw-la iii_o and_o gelasius_n i._o thus_o many_o age_n pass_v before_o that_o this_o decree_n be_v receive_v anno_fw-la 400._o etc._n etc._n we_o now_o enter_v upon_o that_o time_n whereof_o st._n augustine_n complain_v 19_o say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o universal_o stuff_v with_o ceremonial_a observance_n that_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o jew_n live_v under_o the_o servile_a yoke_n of_o the_o law_n be_v much_o more_o supportable_a than_o that_o of_o christian_n under_o the_o gospel_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o good_a part_n howbeit_o we_o shall_v omit_v divers_a rite_n introduce_v in_o the_o five_o age_n which_o be_v never_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o superplus_n and_o remainder_n of_o the_o sacrament_n after_o that_o all_o have_v communicate_v 3._o the_o send_v of_o the_o sacrament_n to_o new_a marry_a couple_n to_o be_v by_o they_o joint_o receive_v at_o home_n in_o their_o own_o house_n the_o thrust_v of_o the_o same_o into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o dead_a a_o most_o profane_a abuse_n we_o shall_v likewise_o forbear_v to_o mention_v all_o those_o innovation_n which_o have_v be_v commence_v before_o be_v continue_v in_o after_o time_n and_o shall_v only_o note_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o rise_v of_o such_o as_o follow_v thereupon_o each_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o begin_v to_o appear_v as_o therefore_o we_o have_v already_o see_v in_o what_o respect_n primitive_a antiquity_n pray_v for_o the_o dead_a in_o like_a manner_n we_o must_v know_v what_o be_v the_o intent_n of_o the_o vigil_n which_o ensue_v upon_o that_o usage_n it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o one_o have_v give_v up_o the_o ghost_n they_o call_v some_o ecclesiastic_a person_n who_o spend_v the_o whole_a night_n with_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o dead_a entertain_v they_o with_o some_o serious_a and_o seasonable_a discourse_n ground_v upon_o the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o their_o instruction_n and_o comfort_n to_o this_o purpose_n they_o sing_v also_o psalm_n dispose_v by_o way_n of_o antiphony_n or_o versicles_n interchangeable_o answer_v one_o another_o and_o recommend_v the_o depart_a soul_n to_o god_n to_o the_o end_n that_o pardon_v its_o sin_n he_o will_v vouchsafe_v to_o preserve_v it_o from_o hell_n and_o eternal_a death_n judge_v it_o in_o mercy_n upon_o the_o last_o day_n and_o give_v to_o its_o body_n a_o glorious_a resurrection_n but_o never_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v deliver_v it_o out_o of_o purgatory_n though_o that_o be_v the_o consequence_n draw_v from_o thence_o at_o this_o day_n and_o indeed_o the_o greek_a church_n pray_v for_o the_o dead_a which_o yet_o never_o believe_v a_o purgatory_n to_o those_o funeral_n act_v another_o ceremony_n be_v add_v it_o be_v a_o pagan_a custom_n that_o their_o champion_n who_o have_v win_v the_o prize_n in_o wrestle_v be_v conduct_v to_o their_o house_n with_o song_n of_o triumph_n and_o burn_a torch_n in_o token_n of_o honour_n and_o congratulation_n this_o our_o christian_n apply_v to_o their_o dead_a as_o those_o who_o after_o that_o they_o have_v fight_v the_o good_a fight_n have_v finish_v their_o course_n and_o obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o glory_n they_o then_o inter_v they_o with_o sing_v of_o psalm_n by_o way_n of_o thanksgiving_n to_o god_n and_o consolation_n to_o the_o survive_a as_o also_o with_o light_a taper_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o burial_n of_o the_o decease_a for_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o ceremony_n be_v thus_o express_v by_o s._n chrysostome_n who_o live_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age._n tell_v i_o heb._n what_o mean_v the_o lamp_n light_v up_o at_o funeral_n be_v it_o not_o because_o we_o accompany_v the_o dead_a as_o so_o many_o magnanimous_a champion_n what_o mean_v the_o hymn_n be_v it_o not_o because_o we_o glorify_v god_n and_o render_v thanks_o to_o he_o for_o that_o he_o have_v already_o crown_v the_o defunct_a deliver_v he_o from_o all_o his_o toil_n and_o dolour_n be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o very_a end_n that_o we_o sing_v psalm_n and_o hymn_n and_o why_o call_v thou_o upon_o the_o priest_n and_o singing-man_n be_v it_o not_o for_o comfort_v to_o thyself_o and_o for_o honour_n to_o the_o decease_a the_o formality_n observe_v by_o the_o church_n in_o the_o reception_n of_o penitent_n 37._o be_v likewise_o multiply_v which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v thus_o practise_v when_o any_o one_o who_o have_v incur_v excommunication_n petition_v that_o he_o may_v be_v release_v from_o that_o censure_n make_v protestation_n of_o repentance_n the_o bishop_n who_o have_v excommunicate_v he_o and_o twelve_o priest_n with_o he_o repair_v to_o the_o church-door_n where_o the_o penitent_a present_v himself_o clothe_v with_o sackcloth_n barefooted_a with_o a_o deject_a countenance_n his_o head_n cover_v with_o ash_n weep_v and_o sigh_v implore_a forgiveness_n and_o promise_a amendment_n of_o life_n for_o the_o future_a then_o the_o bishop_n take_v he_o by_o the_o hand_n give_v he_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n and_o admission_n to_o the_o communion_n but_o in_o case_n he_o do_v again_o relapse_n into_o any_o crime_n he_o be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o admission_n to_o penance_n but_o deal_v with_o as_o one_o relapse_v so_o as_o that_o they_o never_o give_v he_o the_o sacrament_n save_v only_o at_o the_o very_a point_n of_o death_n then_o also_o be_v cross_n receive_v into_o church_n whereas_o former_o they_o be_v only_o represent_v upon_o money_n and_o military_a banner_n but_o hold_v only_o for_o mere_a memorial_n of_o christ_n death_n and_o not_o for_o object_n of_o adoration_n 6._o for_o so_o do_v the_o christian_n of_o those_o time_n explain_v themselves_o therein_o it_o be_v further_a remarkable_a that_o they_o be_v only_o the_o simple_a form_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o that_o the_o image_n of_o the_o crucifix_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o the_o church_n till_o a_o long_a time_n after_o author_n of_o the_o same_o age_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o custom_n chrysost._n which_o be_v afterward_o turn_v into_o superstition_n as_o long_o as_o the_o gift_n of_o miracle_n be_v subject_v in_o the_o church_n she_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o especial_a virtue_n of_o dispossess_v and_o chase_v away_o devil_n but_o this_o gift_n be_v once_o antiquate_v and_o supersede_v they_o find_v no_o better_o expedient_a in_o the_o case_n than_o to_o conduct_v the_o possess_v into_o the_o place_n of_o public_a assembly_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o church_n may_v pray_v for_o and_o over_o they_o and_o those_o prayer_n frequent_o obtain_v deliverance_n for_o those_o poor_a demoniac_n but_o they_o afterward_o constitute_v exorcist_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o office_n to_o who_o they_o attribute_v jurisdiction_n over_o devil_n empower_v they_o to_o torment_v and_o chase_v away_o the_o same_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o conjuration_n now_o many_o have_v hitherto_o dispute_v about_o the_o state_n of_o soul_n after_o death_n 14._o but_o origen_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 230._o and_o who_o may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o origin_n of_o many_o error_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v way_n or_o entrance_n to_o the_o belief_n of_o purgatory_n this_o doctor_n teach_v that_o all_o man_n the_o faithful_a as_o well_o as_o the_o ubelieve_a shall_v pass_v through_o that_o fire_n which_o shall_v consume_v the_o world_n upon_o the_o last_o day_n after_o the_o resurrection_n 118._o which_o opinion_n be_v embrace_v by_o many_o but_o condemn_v by_o the_o church_n nor_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v urge_v from_o hence_o in_o favour_n of_o purgatory_n for_o that_o whereof_o origen_n speak_v be_v not_o as_o yet_o kindle_v and_o be_v in_o every_o respect_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o those_o controversy_n touch_v the_o condition_n and_o mansion_n of_o soul_n depart_v begin_v to_o multiply_v about_o the_o year_n 400._o some_o certain_a person_n corrupt_v with_o the_o fabulous_a narrative_n of_o pagan_n conceit_v with_o they_o that_o they_o be_v purge_v and_o refine_v in_o some_o place_n or_o other_o before_o that_o ever_o they_o be_v receive_v up_o into_o heaven_n those_o discourse_n be_v manage_v by_o way_n of_o problem_n 26_o and_o not_o in_o form_n of_o a_o positive_a assertion_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n st._n augustine_n write_v and_o resolve_v the_o whole_a question_n
the_o intent_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n be_v herein_o some_o allege_v that_o that_o observance_n tend_v to_o a_o imitation_n of_o the_o miraculous_a fast_o of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o evangelical_n history_n that_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n fast_a be_v previous_a to_o the_o passover_n by_o the_o space_n of_o six_o month_n proof_n sufficient_a that_o antiquity_n have_v some_o other_o end_n and_o aim_v in_o the_o celebration_n of_o this_o fast_a else_o doubtless_o they_o will_v have_v pitch_v upon_o a_o time_n coincident_a with_o that_o wherein_o our_o saviour_n fast_v iren._n behold_v then_o the_o true_a account_n there_o be_v a_o order_n at_o that_o time_n establish_v in_o the_o church_n that_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n approach_v those_o who_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v public_a penance_n shall_v present_v themselves_o to_o be_v reingratiated_n and_o receive_v into_o peace_n with_o she_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o catechumenes_n supper_n be_v baptize_v for_o those_o day_n be_v particulary_a appropriate_v to_o that_o work_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o those_o be_v thing_n of_o great_a moment_n the_o church_n proceed_v therein_o with_o fast_v and_o prayer_n beside_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o behove_v to_o prepare_v themselves_o for_o the_o commemoration_n of_o the_o death_n and_o resurrection_n of_o jesus_n christ_n and_o for_o the_o solemn_a communion_n upon_o the_o easter-day_n ensue_v but_o to_o show_v that_o this_o observance_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o not_o upon_o any_o peremptory_a impose_v law_n we_o must_v remark_n the_o diversification_n which_o attend_v that_o custom_n iren._n for_o in_o some_o church_n this_o fast_o last_v three_o week_n in_o other_o seven_o day_n only_o and_o in_o other_o forty_o day_n and_o from_o this_o quarantine_n come_v the_o name_n of_o the_o quadragesimal_n our_o lent_n which_o be_v former_o call_v the_o paschal_n fast._n anno_fw-la 160._o etc._n etc._n now_o this_o age_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o violent_a persecution_n which_o last_v along_o time_n after_o full_a of_o horror_n all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v bedew_v and_o all_o the_o judicatoriâ—s_v therein_o over-glutted_n with_o christian_a blood_n torment_n exquisite_a terror_n universal_a revolt_v frequent_a yea_o there_o be_v find_v among_o they_o who_o to_o palliate_v their_o infamous_a cowardice_n teach_v that_o martyrdom_n be_v but_o matter_n of_o mere_a indifferency_n 4._o reckon_n it_o extreme_a folly_n and_o madness_n to_o suffer_v death_n for_o their_o profession_n the_o sepulcher_n of_o martyr_n be_v load_v with_o reproach_n and_o their_o memory_n with_o execration_n for_o the_o rage_n and_o malice_n of_o their_o enemy_n not_o satisfy_v with_o their_o death_n extend_v the_o persecution_n to_o their_o very_a bone_n and_o that_o they_o may_v deprive_v christian_n of_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o future_a 5._o resurrection_n one_o of_o the_o main_a argument_n of_o their_o constancy_n they_o frequent_o expose_v their_o dead_a body_n to_o the_o hunger-bitten_a rage_n of_o ravenous_a beast_n place_v guard_n and_o sentinel_n day_n and_o night_n to_o hinder_v any_o that_o may_v attempt_v to_o give_v they_o burial_n all_o that_o remain_v of_o they_o be_v burn_v and_o the_o ash_n throw_v into_o river_n or_o scatter_v in_o the_o air_n the_o church_n then_o that_o they_o may_v enkindle_v zeal_n in_o the_o people_n and_o dispose_v they_o for_o the_o glory_n of_o martyrdom_n present_v they_o with_o new_a incentives_n for_o excitation_n and_o encouragement_n the_o grecian_n do_v yearly_a celebrate_v the_o memorial_n of_o their_o hero_n and_o such_o illustrious_a person_n as_o have_v die_v valiant_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o this_o solemnity_n be_v perform_v about_o their_o tomb_n jul._n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v by_o so_o do_v animate_v and_o encourage_v the_o survive_a unto_o the_o like_a achievement_n christian_n judge_v this_o to_o be_v a_o very_a proper_a mean_n to_o persuade_v many_o person_n to_o suffer_v death_n for_o the_o gospel_n and_o to_o confirm_v other_o in_o such_o a_o magnanimous_a resolution_n do_v imitate_v their_o example_n their_o main_a care_n then_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v to_o bury_v their_o martyr_n and_o where_o they_o can_v not_o recover_v the_o whole_a body_n they_o endeavour_v careful_o to_o gather_v up_o the_o very_o least_o fragment_n in_o case_n the_o fury_n of_o their_o persecutor_n have_v leave_v any_o remainder_n now_o those_o relic_n be_v honourable_o inter_v without_o any_o such_o custom_n as_o afterward_o come_v to_o pass_v galliae_fw-la for_o although_o martyrdom_n be_v repute_v a_o most_o glorious_a thing_n and_o those_o bless_a soul_n be_v very_o precious_a with_o the_o church_n yet_o so_o it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o honour_n that_o they_o afford_v their_o body_n be_v a_o honourable_a interment_n nothing_o different_a from_o the_o common_a after_o this_o the_o custom_n be_v introduce_v of_o a_o anniversary_n commemoration_n of_o the_o combat_n and_o constancy_n of_o martyr_n 15._o upon_o the_o same_o day_n whereon_o they_o have_v suffer_v death_n call_v by_o they_o the_o day_n of_o their_o nativity_n in_o regard_n that_o upon_o they_o they_o be_v install_v in_o another_o life_n and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o they_o be_v bury_v from_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o cemetery_n become_v the_o ordinary_a place_n of_o their_o assembly_n for_o those_o anniversary_n day_n return_v very_o frequent_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o martyr_n by_o who_o death_n most_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v renown_v upon_o those_o day_n than_o the_o whole_a church_n assemble_v together_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o their_o valiant_a champion_n be_v as_o if_o she_o mean_v to_o warm_v her_o zeal_n at_o their_o ash_n and_o to_o spirit_n herself_o thereby_o for_o a_o more_o prompt_a commemoration_n of_o their_o martyrdom_n public_a prayer_n and_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o scripture_n be_v finish_v they_o rehearse_v in_o order_n the_o name_n of_o those_o who_o have_v be_v upon_o that_o day_n put_v to_o death_n for_o the_o truth_n they_o likewise_o relate_v the_o several_a conflict_n by_o they_o sustain_v who_o fierceness_n enhance_v their_o constancy_n their_o courage_n also_o be_v display_v in_o term_n full_a of_o applause_n and_o admiration_n their_o glorious_a trophy_n and_o the_o rich_a garland_n propound_v as_o the_o prize_n of_o their_o victory_n finish_v the_o panegyric_n which_o consist_v in_o thanksgiving_n to_o god_n for_o give_v they_o the_o victory_n the_o whole_a action_n be_v conclude_v with_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n now_o the_o intent_n of_o those_o solemnity_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o show_v that_o such_o as_o be_v dead_a in_o christ_n be_v still_o alive_a both_o in_o god_n and_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o church_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o animate_v and_o encourage_v the_o people_n unto_o the_o like_a suffering_n this_o be_v the_o design_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n for_o thus_o do_v they_o explain_v themselves_o smyrn_n we_o can_v never_o say_v they_o abandon_v christ_n nor_o serve_v any_o other_o we_o adore_v christ_n as_o the_o son_n of_o god_n and_o we_o cherish_v the_o martyr_n as_o the_o disciple_n and_o follower_n of_o our_o lord_n we_o solemnize_v the_o day_n of_o their_o nativity_n which_o be_v that_o of_o their_o death_n in_o remembrance_n of_o such_o as_o have_v conflict_v for_o the_o truth_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o exercise_v and_o exciting_a of_o other_o thereunto_o we_o hope_v to_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o the_o like_a grace_n and_o at_o last_o compartner_n and_o fellow-sharer_n in_o the_o same_o glory_n among_o the_o head_n of_o discipline_n observe_v in_o those_o time_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o material_a such_o as_o be_v convict_v of_o any_o notorious_a crime_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v confession_n of_o it_o public_o 9_o in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n to_o beg_v pardon_n and_o to_o undergo_v whatever_o shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o which_o do_v they_o enjoin_v they_o some_o kind_n of_o satisfaction_n whereby_o they_o behove_v to_o manifest_v the_o sincerity_n of_o their_o repentance_n this_o they_o do_v to_o contain_v other_o in_o their_o duty_n as_o also_o to_o prevent_v the_o blame_n and_o reproach_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n among_o infidel_n as_o if_o it_o give_v indulgence_n to_o vice_n through_o silence_n under_o it_o now_o they_o pretend_v not_o by_o this_o public_a repentance_n to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o god_n to_o who_o none_o can_v render_v the_o least_o compensation_n for_o the_o least_o offence_n commit_v but_o only_a to_o the_o scandalize_v church_n or_o to_o a_o injure_a neighbour_n anno_fw-la 195._o this_o second_o age_n we_o must_v needs_o conclude_v with_o a_o famous_a
etc._n shall_v thereupon_o be_v incapable_a of_o any_o ecclesiastic_a charge_n or_o office_n now_o those_o prejudication_n be_v transfer_v from_o particular_a synod_n to_o that_o general_a one_o of_o nice_a wherein_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o oblige_v churchman_n to_o abstinency_n from_o marriage_n most_o vote_n carry_v it_o in_o the_o affirmative_a but_o paphnutius_fw-la a_o person_n of_o great_a renown_n and_o a_o sufferer_n for_o the_o gospel_n one_o who_o be_v never_o marry_v stand_v up_o oppose_v that_o determination_n 4_o judge_v according_a to_o scripture_n that_o marriage_n be_v honourable_a in_o all_o his_o opinion_n prevail_v dracant_fw-la and_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o whole_a assembly_n which_o yet_o decree_v that_o such_o as_o be_v receive_v already_o into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v as_o yet_o unmarried_a shall_v not_o marry_v at_o all_o this_o decree_n be_v not_o found_v upon_o any_o law_n but_o upon_o custom_n only_o and_o that_o not_o universal_o receive_v for_o after_o this_o council_n many_o famous_a bishop_n marry_v st._n hilary_n gregory_n nyssene_n gregory_n nazianzen_n the_o father_n of_o st._n basil_n the_o great_a and_o a_o great_a many_o more_o ecclesiastic_n be_v marry_v during_o their_o episcopacy_n howbeit_o there_o be_v many_o who_o so_o much_o magnify_v celibacy_n as_o that_o they_o obtrude_v it_o for_o a_o thing_n necessary_a anno_fw-la 350._o etc._n etc._n if_o we_o proceed_v a_o little_a further_o we_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o new_a term_n in_o the_o latin_a church_n whereof_o yet_o the_o sense_n have_v be_v change_v the_o sermon_n be_v finish_v they_o celebrate_v the_o eucharist_n but_o now_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o person_n who_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o be_v present_a at_o that_o action_n namely_o the_o catechumenes_n who_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o sufficient_o instruct_v in_o the_o mystery_n of_o religion_n the_o penitent_n who_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o receive_v into_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n and_o daimoniack_n such_o as_o be_v possess_v with_o devil_n sermon_n end_v the_o deacon_n intimate_v to_o all_o such_o that_o it_o behove_v they_o to_o withdraw_v dismiss_v they_o in_o these_o term_n item_fw-la missa_fw-la est_fw-la which_o word_n be_v only_a valedictory_n signify_v the_o congee_n or_o solemn_a leave_n take_v of_o they_o and_o be_v no_o wise_a understand_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n put_v upon_o it_o in_o succeed_a age_n all_o the_o public_a exercise_n of_o the_o church_n be_v call_v massâ—s_n because_o they_o be_v all_o conclude_v with_o a_o orison_n immediate_o follow_v upon_o the_o â—issa_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o congee_n or_o valediction_n anno_fw-la 370._o etc._n etc._n yet_o be_v not_o this_o term_n so_o dangerous_a as_o the_o new_a rhetoric_n which_o they_o begin_v soon_o after_o to_o display_v the_o church_n celebrate_v the_o memorial_n of_o the_o saint_n by_o a_o simple_a recital_n of_o their_o virtue_n and_o by_o exhort_v of_o every_o one_o to_o a_o imitation_n thereof_o to_o those_o panegyric_n they_o add_v the_o ornament_n of_o language_n the_o great_a orator_n with_o who_o the_o chair_n be_v then_o well_o furnish_v produce_v what_o ever_o the_o rule_n of_o eloquence_n to_o they_o suggest_v julian._n thus_o about_o the_o year_n 370._o in_o the_o commemoration_n of_o the_o martyr_n they_o begin_v to_o use_v prosopopeias_n and_o apostrophee_n one_o of_o they_o declaim_v in_o this_o manner_n hear_v you_o people_n you_o that_o live_v already_o and_o you_o that_o be_v as_o yet_o unborn_a hear_v likewise_o thou_o soul_n of_o great_a constantine_n if_o so_o be_v there_o be_v any_o sense_n in_o thou_o etc._n etc._n julian._n for_o say_v he_o i_o be_o constrain_v to_o bespeak_v he_o just_a as_o if_o he_o be_v present_a and_o as_o if_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o auditory_a the_o same_o author_n in_o the_o second_o oration_n which_o he_o make_v upon_o the_o same_o subject_n direct_v his_o speech_n to_o the_o soul_n of_o julian_n the_o apostate_n which_o yet_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v in_o hell_n there_o be_v then_o a_o vast_a difference_n between_o those_o oratorion_n apostrophee_n and_o the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n a_o figure_n of_o rhetoric_n and_o a_o act_n of_o worship_n and_o yet_o be_v this_o strain_n of_o oratory_n a_o prelude_n to_o a_o gross_a ensue_a abuse_n for_o after_o this_o example_n do_v the_o ignorant_a people_n begin_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o address_v their_o request_n to_o saint_n depart_v as_o if_o their_o rude_a dialect_n or_o meaning_n have_v be_v to_o they_o intelligible_a but_o we_o must_v remark_n that_o neither_o then_o nor_o for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o be_v the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n practise_v in_o the_o church_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a this_o superstitious_a brat_n hatch_v by_o the_o cacozealous_a fervour_n of_o a_o few_o private_a person_n be_v condemn_v as_o illegitimate_a 79._o by_o the_o doctor_n of_o that_o age_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o saint_n be_v indeed_o advance_v to_o true_a honour_n and_o rest_n in_o glory_n but_o yet_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v by_o we_o magnify_v beyond_o what_o be_v convenient_a that_o the_o sacred_a virgin_n be_v never_o intend_v for_o a_o object_n of_o adoration_n but_o that_o the_o luxuriant_a honour_n to_o she_o ascribe_v do_v proceed_v from_o some_o superstitious_a female_n â—_o silly_a woman_n accomplice_n with_o such_o as_o in_o jeremiah_n time_n worship_v the_o queen_n of_o heaven_n that_o the_o comparison_n make_v by_o those_o who_o urge_v the_o example_n of_o king_n 1._o to_o who_o address_n be_v usual_o make_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o courtier_n or_o officer_n be_v altogether_o impertinent_a like_v as_o some_o heretic_n of_o those_o time_n especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o phrygia_n have_v their_o recourse_n to_o god_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o angel_n 2._o have_v among_o they_o the_o oratory_n of_o st._n michael_n this_o invocation_n of_o angel_n be_v also_o condemn_v of_o heresy_n by_o the_o council_n of_o â—â—aodicea_n hold_v about_o the_o year_n 368._o in_o those_o time_n many_o person_n what_o through_o curiosity_n what_o through_o zeal_n resort_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o more_o eminent_a martyr_n be_v inter_v for_o we_o have_v see_v how_o careful_a the_o church_n be_v in_o collect_v of_o their_o bone_n yea_o in_o transport_v they_o from_o remote_a place_n and_o dispose_v of_o they_o to_o magnificent_a sepulcher_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a natural_a affection_n that_o prompt_v every_o one_o with_o a_o curious_a desire_n to_o see_v those_o body_n which_o be_v sometime_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o st._n chrysostome_n say_v ephes._n i_o esteem_v of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n not_o because_o of_o the_o pillar_n of_o marble_n but_o because_o of_o the_o pillar_n of_o the_o church_n therein_o the_o body_n of_o st._n peter_n suppose_v to_o have_v be_v there_o and_o st._n paul_n who_o can_v afford_v i_o at_o present_a the_o favour_n of_o be_v stretch_v out_o all_o along_o upon_o the_o body_n of_o st._n paul_n of_o be_v nail_v to_o his_o sepulchre_n of_o behold_v the_o dust_n of_o that_o body_n which_o bear_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o lord_n jesus_n and_o that_o mouth_n by_o which_o christ_n himself_o speak_v i_o covet_v to_o see_v the_o sepulchre_n wherein_o be_v enclose_v that_o armour_n of_o righteousness_n that_o armour_n of_o light_n those_o member_n which_o still_o live_v and_o be_v dead_a whilst_o live_a i_o covet_v to_o see_v those_o chain_n those_o bond_n etc._n etc._n the_o intent_n then_o of_o those_o visit_n be_v that_o they_o may_v be_v confirm_v in_o the_o same_o faith_n for_o which_o those_o martyr_n suffer_v that_o so_o they_o may_v have_v part_n in_o the_o same_o resurrection_n and_o this_o they_o beseech_v god_n for_o by_o prayer_n pour_v out_o over_o their_o sepulcher_n now_o those_o place_n become_v the_o more_o famous_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o rumour_n spread_v that_o miracle_n be_v wrought_v by_o their_o mean_n for_o arianism_n be_v then_o become_v very_o general_a it_o be_v possible_a that_o god_n may_v at_o that_o time_n have_v confirm_v by_o miracle_n the_o orthodox_n faith_n howbeit_o so_o it_o be_v that_o this_o persuasion_n draw_v the_o people_n to_o those_o sepulcher_n but_o superstition_n at_o the_o same_o time_n follow_v thereupon_o for_o than_o begin_v the_o belief_n ambros._n that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o divine_a virtue_n subject_v in_o those_o relic_n prevalent_a against_o the_o malady_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o the_o body_n it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o saint_n be_v as_o so_o many_o tutelary_a guardian_n and_o fortress_n to_o the_o city_n wherein_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o so_o much_o that_o every_o one_o covet_v to_o have_v some_o of_o they_o and_o for_o
by_o a_o may_v be_v thus_o the_o first_o doctrine_n concern_v purgatory_n be_v problematical_a only_o not_o dogmatical_a or_o matter_n of_o faith_n till_o a_o long-time_n after_o that_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n nevertheless_o for_o the_o reader_n satisfaction_n we_o shall_v hear_v subjoin_v the_o testimony_n of_o two_o father_n among_o the_o many_o of_o the_o first_o antiquity_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v what_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n be_v respon_n touch_v the_o state_n of_o soul_n depart_v st._n justine_n martyr_n who_o live_v in_o the_o 130._o year_n of_o our_o lord_n speak_v of_o it_o thus_o after_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o body_n say_v he_o there_o be_v immediate_o a_o separation_n make_v of_o the_o just_a and_o of_o the_o unjust_a for_o they_o be_v conduct_v by_o the_o angel_n to_o place_n worthy_a of_o they_o namely_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o just_a to_o paradise_n where_o they_o enjoy_v the_o society_n of_o angel_n and_o arch-angel_n yea_o and_o the_o very_a face_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n himself_o but_o those_o of_o the_o unjust_a to_o the_o infernal_a mansion_n st._n irenaeus_n bishop_n of_o lion_n 7._o in_o the_o year_n 160._o the_o preacher_n say_v he_o who_o be_v the_o disciple_n of_o the_o apostle_n affirm_v that_o those_o who_o be_v translate_v from_o hence_o be_v transport_v into_o paradise_n that_o be_v prepare_v for_o just_a man_n and_o such_o as_o have_v the_o spirit_n the_o place_n whither_o st._n paul_n be_v catch_v up_o where_o he_o hear_v thing_n unutterable_a and_o that_o they_o shall_v continue_v there_o till_o the_o consummation_n and_o end_n of_o the_o world_n see_v incorruption_n and_o thus_o erasmus_n in_o his_o animadversion_n â—pon_o that_o father_n observe_v and_o good_a â—eason_n he_o have_v de_fw-fr purgatorio_fw-la nulla_fw-la mentio_fw-la â—hat_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v by_o he_o of_o purgatory_n just_o acknowledge_v that_o that_o â—ious_a author_n speak_v as_o one_o whole_o unacquainted_a with_o any_o such_o fable_n 136_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o expurgatory_n index_n both_o of_o spain_n and_o of_o the_o low-countries_n that_o that_o note_n of_o erasmus_n shall_v be_v quite_o obliterated_a anno_fw-la 450._o etc._n etc._n it_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v when_o how_o and_o by_o what_o degree_n the_o public_a confession_n of_o penitent_n be_v change_v into_o a_o private_a one_o in_o the_o greek_a church_n only_o but_o about_o the_o year_n 450._o the_o same_o alteration_n do_v likewise_o befall_v the_o western_a church_n which_o have_v ever_o till_o then_o retain_v the_o use_n of_o public_a confession_n christian_n liberty_n also_o in_o matter_n of_o fast_n be_v maintain_v 118._o till_o about_o this_o time_n the_o doctor_n that_o flourish_v in_o this_o age_n have_v teach_v that_o christ_n never_o command_v 〈◊〉_d to_o imitate_v his_o fast_a of_o forty_o day_n that_o fast_v be_v the_o last_o and_o low_a of_o virtue_n that_o true_a fast_n consist_v in_o abstinency_n from_o sin_n that_o fast_v indeed_o be_v command_v in_o the_o scripture_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o particular_a day_n of_o fast_v nor_o christ_n nor_o his_o apostle_n do_v ever_o enact_v any_o ordinance_n that_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o freedom_n and_o indifferency_n to_o fast_o upon_o some_o certain_a day_n that_o the_o choice_n and_o distinction_n of_o meat_n be_v not_o matter_n of_o religion_n etc._n etc._n we_o have_v likewise_o see_v how_o that_o fast_n be_v diverse_o observe_v both_o as_o to_o their_o time_n and_o manner_n and_o that_o they_o abstain_v not_o only_o from_o flesh_n but_o from_o wine_n also_o and_o we_o may_v yet_o further_o observe_v how_o much_o the_o fast_n of_o the_o first_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o modern_a age_n in_o that_o the_o lend_v of_o the_o ancient_n do_v ever_o begin_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n which_o follow_v immediate_o upon_o that_o of_o whitsuntide_n but_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n herein_o be_v through_o the_o law_n of_o new_a council_n 34_o and_o multiplicity_n of_o fast_n at_o length_n suppress_v for_o leo_n i._o bishop_n of_o rome_n do_v about_o the_o year_n 460._o ordain_v the_o observance_n of_o four_o solemn_a anniversary_n fast_n namely_o lent_n whitsuntide_n the_o seven_o and_o ten_o month_n not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o two_o last_o be_v in_o imitation_n of_o judaisme_n there_o be_v some_o author_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o fast_a of_o the_o four_o time_n or_o four_o week_n of_o ember_n or_o imber-day_n and_o of_o the_o institution_n thereof_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o the_o same_o pope_n gelasius_n have_v decree_v mensis_fw-la that_o the_o ordination_n of_o priest_n and_o deacon_n shall_v be_v perform_v upon_o those_o day_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o that_o action_n be_v after_o the_o example_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n act_n 13._o &_o 14._o manage_v with_o fast_v and_o public_a prayer_n the_o fast_a of_o the_o four_o time_n be_v hereupon_o introduce_v and_o notwithstanding_o those_o ordination_n be_v not_o perform_v any_o more_o at_o that_o time_n yet_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o of_o fast_v afterward_o continue_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o touch_v the_o vigil_n of_o saint_n the_o name_n indeed_o be_v retain_v but_o the_o use_n of_o they_o quite_o change_v for_o the_o wake_n upon_o the_o night_n precede_v the_o solemnity_n of_o any_o saint_n be_v turn_v into_o fast_n howbeit_o the_o name_n of_o vigil_n remain_v the_o fast_a of_o rogation_n come_v to_o pass_v soon_o after_o for_o there_o happen_v in_o several_a place_n in_o lyonoise_n in_o france_n divers_a earthquake_n conflagration_n and_o many_o danger_n incur_v through_o wild_a beast_n those_o public_a calamity_n move_v mamert_n bishop_n of_o vienne_n in_o daulphinoise_n to_o ordain_v that_o upon_o some_o certain_a day_n every_o year_n there_o shall_v be_v public_a prayer_n make_v with_o fast_v and_o act_n of_o repentance_n thus_o be_v the_o rogation_n institute_v which_o reach_v even_o to_o foreign_a province_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v straight_o anno_fw-la 470._o etc._n etc._n we_o have_v see_v some_o seed_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o precede_a age_n it_o be_v not_o use_v in_o the_o church_n but_o only_o among_o some_o private_a person_n and_o that_o as_o yet_o with_o some_o hesitation_n they_o begin_v then_o to_o conceive_v new_a opinion_n touch_v the_o martyr_n to_o rely_v upon_o their_o intercession_n and_o to_o attribute_v virtue_n to_o their_o sepulcher_n st._n augustine_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o strong_a and_o better_a christian_n have_v no_o such_o custom_n but_o the_o weak_a sort_n only_o and_o those_o too_o by_o way_n of_o indulgence_n this_o abuse_n prevail_v so_o much_o as_o that_o the_o transportation_n of_o relic_n the_o resort_n of_o people_n the_o honour_n confer_v upon_o saint_n which_o at_o the_o beginning_n be_v tolerable_a be_v now_o advance_v to_o a_o excess_n the_o body_n of_o chrysostome_n be_v transport_v to_o constantinople_n 43._o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n kneel_v down_o before_o it_o pray_v it_o to_o forgive_v his_o parent_n who_o have_v persecute_v it_o while_o live_v but_o against_o this_o superstition_n the_o father_n of_o this_o age_n like_v as_o their_o predecessor_n before_o they_o remonstrate_v after_o this_o manner_n corinth_n the_o soul_n of_o the_o dead_a intermeddle_v not_o with_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o live_n the_o saint_n be_v not_o our_o mediator_n we_o applaud_v the_o martyr_n as_o those_o who_o have_v fight_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o maintain_v the_o purity_n of_o the_o faith_n we_o worship_v they_o not_o build_v they_o no_o church_n offer_v they_o no_o sacrifice_n but_o to_o what_o purpose_n then_o be_v those_o solemnity_n to_o the_o end_n that_o we_o may_v thereby_o glorify_v god_n because_o of_o their_o victory_n and_o encourage_v ourselves_o to_o follow_v their_o example_n that_o we_o may_v share_v in_o their_o crown_n and_o reward_v but_o that_o we_o may_v attain_v thereunto_o must_v the_o saint_n be_v invoke_v in_o no_o wise_a but_o we_o will_v only_o implore_v aid_n from_o the_o true_a god_n himself_o who_o make_v they_o both_o man_n and_o martyr_n this_o than_o be_v the_o language_n of_o the_o church_n and_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o assembly_n before_o the_o communion_n they_o celebrate_v the_o memorial_n of_o the_o saint_n st._n augustine_n speak_v of_o that_o commemoration_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o martyr_n be_v then_o rehearse_v in_o rank_n and_o order_n as_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n who_o have_v overcome_v the_o world_n through_o the_o confession_n of_o their_o faith_n but_o that_o they_o be_v not_o invoke_v which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n verify_v by_o the_o more_o ancient_a liturgy_n tertul._n and_o set_v form_n of_o public_a