Selected quad for the lemma: soul_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
soul_n	body_n	creature_n	part_n	4,768	5	4.7994	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35310	The antient and present state of Muscovy containing a geographical, historical, and political account of all those nations and territories under the jurisdiction of the present czar : with sculptures and a new map / by J.C., M.D., Fellow of the Royal Society, and a member of the College of Physicians, London.	Crull, J. (Jodocus), d. 1713?	1698 (1698)	Wing C7424; Wing C7425; ESTC R2742	334,877	511

Restoratives at which the Indian Women are the most expert in the whole World as they are very skilful to send their Husbands upon certain occasions to the enjoyments of the other World But to return to the more serious part of their Religion they hold the immortallity of the Soul but believe withal that at its departure out of the first Body it transmigrates into that of some other Creature Thus they affirm that by example the Soul of a good natur'd and meek Person is translated into the Body of a Pidgeon or Chicken that of a Cruel and Rapacious Fellow into a Crocodile a Lyon or a Tyger that of a Cunning and Crafty Man into that of a Fox That of a Glutton into the body of Swine that of a Treacherous and Malicious Person into a Serpent before they are admitted to the enjoyment of Spiritual Beatitude For which reason it is the Banyans abstain as we mentioned before from killing any living Creatures even to the Insects be they never so troublesome or dangerous Nay they Act with so much Circumspection in regard of all Living Creatures of what kind soever that they forbear keeping any fire and lighting of Candles in the Night time out of fear that the Flies or Moths should chance to burn themselves therein they scarce can be induced to make any Pits in the ground for fear of drowning the Slegs and other Insects If the Mahometans among them do sell any Birds they will be sure to redeem them if possibly they can and feed them well because say they we don't know how soon our selves may stand in need of the same kindness and they will Erect Hospitals for Beasts that are Hurt or Wounded They have a more then ordinary respect for Cows so that if they know of any one that is to be killed for the Market they will not only purchase and redeem it at a high rate from the slaughter but there is scarce a family but what breeds up one almost as tenderly as their own Children For they will comb and feed it and lodge it as cleanly and as carefully as if it were one of their best Friends or Relations They never eat but in private and before they touch the Victuals they throw some small quantity of it separately into the Fire the Water the Air and upon the Earth They have abundance of other pretended niceties too many to be inserted here but it ought not to be passed by in silence that tho' they acknowledge one Supream God they nevertheless worship the Devil alledging for a reason that God having created him to govern the World They worship the Devil and to do hurt to Mankind he ought to be appeased by Prayers and Sacrifices From whence it is that his Statues of Gold Silver Ivory Ebony Marble Wood or Stone are every where to be seen in their Mosques the figure of which appears most dreadful to the eyes of the Beholders For his Head out of which come forth four Horns is adorn'd with a triple Crown in the shape of a Taira His Face resembles that of a large Boar with two great Teeth coming out of his Mouth and a great ugly Beard on his Chin. He bends his Breast to his Belly where the Hands hang down negligently Betwixt his Thighs there appears another Head with two Horns upon it as ugly as the first thrusting out of the Mouth a Tongue of extraordinary bigness Instead of Teeth it hath Saws and a Cows Tail behind This Figure stands always upon a Stone Table this being the Altar where the offerings are to to be made They have no other light in their Mosque than what they are furnish'd withall by the Lamps which are kept burning perpetually near the Idol And after the Priest has finished his Devotious he purifies his Head by putting it into these Flames as the other Banyans purifie themselves before the Sacrifice by washing in a Trough which always stands on the right side of the Altar But it being beyond our present Scope to digress further into the cloudy and Superstitious Rites of these Banyans let us return to their traffick which seems to be more suitable to our present intention These Banyans therefore being the most in number throughout the Cities of Surat Blevitshia Gandeer Goga Cambaya Dium Pateppatene Mangalor Gondore Massary Gandivi Balsara and in the Metropolis of the Province Hamed Ewad or Amadabath they manage the whole Trade of India not only in Silks Cottons but also all sorts of Proveado's of Gold and Silver Sattins Velvets Taffata's Sattins for Linings and Carpets quilted Coverlets of Silk or Cotton Tents which are used instead of Coaches Cabinets of Lacque Chest boards of Tortoise Shell Seals Beads Chains Buttons and Rings of Ivory Amber Rock Christal or Agat The other Commodities which by the Banyans are transported into Mnscovy and Persia are Sugar candy'd or in powder Cummin Opium Ginger dry and preserv'd Myrobolans or Indian Plums Sal Armonias Musk Amber Greece Lacque Saltpeter Indico Borax Assafaetida and Diamonds besides several sorts of other precious Stones The Lacque is a Gumm taken out of a certain Tree Lacque how made not much unlike a Plum Tree there is abundance of it all over the Province of Guzurette its native colour is Red Brown But the Indianst beat i● to powder and after they have given it what colour they please make it into Sticks for to Seal Letters or beatfiie their Cabinets and other Household Stuff Saltpeter is made in those parts Saltpeter how made out of the blackest and Saltest ground in the following manner having made certain Trenches they fill them with this Nitrous Earth and let into them out of the Adjacent small Rivulets so much water as they think sufficient for its soaking which that it may be the more effectually done they tread it with their feet till it be well mix'd When they believe the Water to have drawn out all the Nitrous Substance which was in the Earth they take after it be well setled the clearest part of it which they dispose in another Trench where after some time it grows thick and then they boil it like Salt continually scumming it Lastly they put it into a great Earthen pots where the grossest dregs falling to the bottom they take of the Saline Substance which is set a drying in the Sun till it grows hard and is reduced into that form as we see it in Europe The best Indigo in the World comes from about Amadabath Indigo how prepared the Capital of the Province of Guzurat●e from a Village called Chirphees The Herb out of which that is made is not unlike that of Yellow Parsnip but shorter and of a more bitter taste It sprouts forth to branches like a Reed growing some Years when the season proves kind Six or Seven foot high with a flower like that that of a Thistle and the seed altogether like Fenugreek It is seldom sown till in June and is

the Archbishop of Riga and the Coadjutor of the Order of Livonia had made a League Defensive with Sigismund Augustus King of Poland unto whom they had promised 300000 l. Sterling towards the defraying the Charges of the War and for his Security had engaged several Bailywicks But the King of Poland being sensible of the extream danger they were in and how the City of Revel and the Province of Esthonie or Esthland had been forced to submit themselves to the Crown of Sweden refused to execute the Treaties unless they would follow the Example of the rest of Livonia and submit themselves upon the same terms to the Crown of Poland as they had done to Sweden Being therefore reduced to an absolute necessity of chusing the least Evil the Archbishop and Master of the Order were forced to Surrender all the Acts and Charters they had obtained from the Emperour and Pope into the Hands of Prince Radzivil who in the King of Poland's Name received also from them the Oath of Fidelity The King of Poland gave the Title of Duke with the Country of Gourland to the Master of the Livonian Order as we have said before in the Description of Courland in the Year 1562. And Twenty Years after to wit in the Year 1582. by vertue of a Peace concluded with the Muscovites the Poles got into Possession of the whole Livonia except that part of Esthonie which had surrendred to the Swedes who by degrees got all the rest from the Poles which was entirely resign'd to them in the Year 1666. by the Treaty of Peace made betwixt these two Crowns in the Monastery of Oliva near Dantzick The Country of Livonia is very fertile but especially in Wheat abounding in all sorts of Cattle Fowl and Venison an Ox being commonly to be bought here for Twenty Shillings a Hog for a Crown and a good Hare for a Groat but has within these two Years last past been so oppress'd with Famine that a great many Thousands of the Peasants have died for Hunger Its Inhabitants must be considered under different Qualifications Inhabitants of Livonia The first are the Germans and their Posterity out of which most of the Nobility and the Inhabitants of the Cities are composed The second are the Peasants the remainders of the Antient Inhabitants who living in the Champain Country of Lettie and Esthonie have nothing they can call their own but are absolute Slaves either to the Nobility or Chief Citizens They are called by the Germans Vnteutsche that is to say no Germans perhaps because they cannot be brought to conform themselves to the manner of Living and Language of the Germans They are the greatest Slaves in the World but it is alledged against them that if they were not kept under such a severe Subjection they would be always endeavouring to recover their Liberty at any rate of which they have given some Proofs when ever any Occasion presented The Origin of the Livonian Nobility is founded upon the Services they have in former Ages done against the Infidels and Muscovites Their Nobility they are free from all Taxes and Charges Volmar II. King of Denmark was the first that gave them Mannors to hold in Fealty which were confirmed by Eric VII by Letters Patents and augmented by the Masters of the Short Sword and the Grand Masters of Prussia Some of these Mannors especially in the Districts of Harrie and Wirland are Inheritable by the Daughters and their Issue to the fifth degree But they are above all beholding to that Famous Walter de Plattenbergh who being in the Year 1513. acknowledged a Prince of the Empire exempted the Nobility from all Subjection excepting such Services as they were obliged to do in Person upon the account of their Mannors When Necessity obliged them to have recourse to the Swedes they did not submit to that Crown but with a Proviso of retaining their Antient Priviledges which for the most part they keep to this day There is once a Year a Review made of this Nobility which does not only upon occasion furnish the King of Sweden with a considerable Body of Horse but also is look'd upon by the Sweden as their chief Nursery of Officers even to the Generals of Armies The Administration of the Government both as to Policy and Justice is committed to Twelve of the Body of the Nobility who are the Council of the Country of which the Governour of the Province from the Crown of Sweden is President Their Judicial Processes are very short and decided once a Year to wit in January by this Council who after a Declaration and an Answer proceed immediately to Judgment To perform this with the more conveniency each Province has its own Captain as they call him whose Business is to represent to the Governour and Council the Grievances of the People and this Employment is never continued above three Years in the same Person There are also certain Triennial Judges appointed for the determining of Differences in the flat Country concerning the Limits betwixt Private Men which have been rendred dubious by the Wars and some other Judges or Overseers of the High-ways Bridges and Causways But from all these there lies an Appeal to the Council of the Country As to their Religion Their Religion they are Lutherans here which must be chiefly understood from the Nobility and Inhabitants of Cities but as for the Peasants they can scarce be called half Christians much less to be said of any particular Religion being even to this day so deeply entangled in their Heathenish Superstitions that they scarce ever go to Church or at least never Communicate unless it be by force they being notwithstanding that wretched and slavish Condition they live in quite regardless of any thing else but this Life 'T is upon this Account that when they take an Oath they conclude with these words If I do not swear true I am content that the Curse of God may light upon my Body and Soul upon my Children upon all what appertains to me to the Ninth Generation Some of them especially the Peasants about Riga if they are to take an Oath at Law put a Turff upon their Heads with a white Stick in their Hands thereby signifying that they consent That they their Children and Cattle may become as dry as the Turff and Stick if they swear falsely They frequently put a Needle and Thread into the Grave with the deceased because forsooth he may perhaps have occasion to mend his Cloaths in the other World Sorcery is much more frequent among them than Prayers the first is propagated by Tradition from the Parents to their Children They never kill a Beast but some part of it is thrown away nor never brew but something must be spilt which they look upon as a Preservative against Witchcraft Nay they have a way of rebaptizing their Children themselves tho' privately if in some Weeks after the first Baptism they happen to fall sick which

also it is their Custom at their Wedding Feasts never to eat the Flesh of any Creature that is gelt In their Funeral Rites Their Fun●rals they observed this Method They dress the Corps of their deceased Friends in their best Cloaths with Shooes and Stockins and having set it up-right in a Chair the next Relations making a Ring about it drink very heartily When the Liquor is out they begin to lament their Deceased Friend Alas say they Why wouldst thou die Didst thou want either Victuals or Drink Why wouldst thou die then Alas Hadst thou not a Handsom Wife Why wouldst thou die then Thus running through every Particular thing possessed by the Deceased in his Life-time they ask in the same manner and conclude Why wouldst thou die They are very careful to furnish them with Needle and Threed when they are laid in their Coffins and with some Bread and a Bottle of Liquor When the Corps is carried out to the Burying-place the Relations on Horseback surround the Hearse or Waggon in which it is plac'd and with their Swords drawn strike in the Air cross-ways crying out aloud Away you Demons to the infernal Places of Darkness At last whilst the Corps is putting into the Ground they throw some Money after it into the Grave The Widdow Mourns for forty Days viz. Mornings and Evenings Sun rising and setting over her Husband 's Grave but the rest of the Relations celebrate the Memory of the Deceased at certain appointed Days to wit on the Third the Sixth the Ninth and Fortieth day when after a certain Form of Prayers which they mutter out before they enter the House they invite the Soul of the Deceased to come and take part with them Whilst they are at Table there is not a Word to be spoken neither do they make use of Knives They are attended by two Women who divide the Victuals among the Guests but also without Knives Each of the Guest throws something of his Victuals as also some of the Liquor under the Table which they believe is the Food of the Soul of the Deceased If any thing happens to fall under the Table it is not to be taken up this being to be left for the Food of such Souls as are destitute of Friends or are otherwise unable to Feast th●m after their Death The Feast being over the Priest is the first that rises from the Table and having swept all the Dust out the Doors with a B●oom Retire says he beloved Souls you have been sufficientl● fed with Victuals and Drink Retire beloved Soul from this House Then it is that the Guests begin first to Speak and to let the Cup go briskly round the Men drinking to the Women in Remembrance of their dead Friend and the Women answering the Men with the same Freedom till they all begin to be Mellow when they part with Kissing one another all round CHAP. VII Of the Crim and Precopian Tartars and the Cosacks BEtwixt the two Tartarian Kingdoms of Casan and Astrachan Crim Tartars subject to the Grand Czar of Muscovy all along the River Volga up to the Don or Tanais are great Desarts which are not so much Inhabited as frequently visited by the Crim or Precopian Tartars their fixed Habitations being from the mouth of the River Tanais or Don all along the Palus Meotides and so in the Taurica Chersonesus which being divided by a great Forest that part which borders on the Palus Meotides belong to the Precopian Tartars the rest bordering on the Euxin Sea to the Turks It contains about 250 English Miles in length and 150 in breadth less or more in some places but that what is called the Little Tartary on that side comprehending also the Tartars of Budziack which inhabit all along the Palus Meotides or as it is called by them to the Sea of Zabacche up to the River Don or Tanais is much larger in compass bordering on the North upon Muscovy in the East upon the Circassian Tartars North-west upon Podolia and Luthuania and towards the South upon Moldavia and Wallachia These Tartars having been for several Ages last past very Redoubtable both to the Muscovites and Poles who have been often obliged to stop their Fury by Presents not much differing from an Annual Tribute and being at this time vigourously attacked by his present Czarish Majesty who has gained great Advantages over them they may very well deserve a place in this Treatise The Taurica Charsonesus was antiently inhabited by the Tauri Taurica Chersonesus who gave it its Name These were succeeded by the Greeks who planted here their Colonies But about 450 Years ago some Tartarian Hordes inhabiting near the Caspian Sea having by reason of some intestine Wars left their native Country and ravaged part of Asia at last passed the River Volga and from thence to the Tanais or Don and the Palus Meotides where they possessed themselves of the Taurica Chersonesus except some Ports situate on the Exin Sea and especially the City of Caffa which were in the Year 1266 seised by the Genoeses who kept them in their Possession till the Year 1474 when Mahomet II. the Turkish Emperour took them from the Genoeses The Places in the possession of the Turks are Batuclawa formerly a considerable place but now more like a Village than a City it has not above 200 Houses but has a very good Port and the Turks build there abundance of Ships and Gallies The two Castles of Ingermen and Mancus to which were adjoining when in the Hands of the Genoeses two goodly Cities of which scarce any thing remains now but the Ruin The only place of Note belonging to the Turks here is one City of Caffa in former Ages called Theodosia It was whilst the Genoeses were Masters of it one of the chief Trading places in the Levant but the Turks took it from the Genoeses as was mentioned before after a Siege of fourteen Years and as it was believed not without Treachery some of the Genoeses having been corrupted with Money It is since that time as almost all other places that groan under the Turkish Yoak infinitely decayed from its antient Splendor notwithstanding which it contains as yet about 6000 Houses inhabited by Italians the Remnants of the Genoese Families Greeks Armenians Jews Turks and Tartars The Christians being however the most in number having 45 Churches here The Places belonging to the Precopian Tartars as well within the Chersonesus as upon the Palus Meotides are The City of Azoph or Assaw situate at the very Mouth of the River Don or Tanais where it exonerates it self into the Palus Meotides it is a place of considerable Trade inhabited for the most part by Tartars from whom it was about two years ago taken by the Muscovites The City of Crim situate in a Bay made by the Sea of Zabacche or the Palus Meotides it is inhabited for the most part by Tartars It is a strong Walled Town its Houses being built

of the Stomach The Cellars of Persons of Quality are always well furnish'd with Hydromel or Mead Aqua vitae strong Beer Sack and other sorts of strong Wines for the Rhinish and French Wines are in no great esteem among them as being not strong enough They brew their strong Beer as we do in March and to keep it cool their Cellars not being vaulted during the Heat of the Summer they make a Bed of Ice and Snow mix'd tog●ther and then a Layer of Barrels upon them another Bed of Ice and then again a Row of Barrels which they cover with Straw and Planks which serves for a Vault They are very Splendid in their Cloaths and Equipage being attended by a great Number of Slaves all which however they do without any great Expence for asmuch as what Provisions they want for themselves and their Horses is brought from their Farms in the Country and as for those Slaves they entertain in the City they allow them Board-Wages but so scantily that they can scarce live upon it This is one of the chiefest Causes that so many Riots and Murthers are committed in the Streets of the City of Musco and that in Hay-making time the Roads leading to this City are so unsafe to travel there being about that time so great a Number of Slaves abroad working in the Fields Persons of Quality and the richest Merchants in Musco keep for this Reason a Guard in their Courts who watch all Night and are to knock every hour with a Stick upon a Board Their Interrments as many Knocks at a time as the Clock has struck Hours They are very Ceremonious in their Interrments No sooner is the sick Person departed but all the Kindred and Friends come and stand about the Body making most horrid Out-cries and Lamentations They ask him Why he would dye Whether he wanted Meat and Drink Whether he had not a Handsom Wife and such like Questions The next thing to be taken care of is to send a Present to the Priest to pray for the Soul of the deceased Party which he is to do Morning and Evening for six Weeks upon his Grave For tho' the Muscovites do not believe Purgatory yet they believe two different Places where the Soul retires till the Day of Judgment some they say abide in a pleasant Place where they enjoy the Conversation of Angels others in a dark Valley where they are pester'd with the Company of Devils They are of Opinion that by the Prayers of Priests and Monks the Souls may be delivered out of this Place of Misery and God's Wrath be appeased against the Day of Judgment For which reason also those that are able give frequent Alms during these six Weeks Before it be put into the Coffin which is made out of the Trunk of a Tree the Body is well wash'd the Shrowd or a clean Shirt put about it and a pair of new Shooes on the Feet with the Arms cross the Breast At the Funeral Solemnity Funeral Ceremonies the Priest goes first carrying the Image of that Saint which had been assigned the Deceased at his Baptism for his Patron Him follow four Virgins the next of Kin to the deceased who represent the Mourners and make most horrid Out-cries and Lamentations all in a Tune not unlike the wild Irish Then follows the Body carried by six Men upon their Shoulders the Kindred and Friends following the Body without any Order with Wax-Candles in their Hands whilst the Priest is singing certain Psalms they surround the Body and by their Incenses keep off the evil Spirits Being come to the Grave the Coffin is uncovered and the same Saint that was carried before the Procession is held over him the Priest in the mean while saying certain Prayers and repeating frequently these Words Lord look upon this Soul in Righteousness and the Widow continuing but how heartily is easie to be guess'd considering their Usage her former Lamentations Timming Dooshink Alas My Dear Why wouldst thou leave me thus And repeating the same questions we have mentioned before Then the Kindred and Friends take their last Farewel of the Deceased some kissing him some the Coffin and as soon as the Priest has put a Testimonial between his Fingers which is to serve him as a Pass for the other World the Coffin is shut up and put into the Grave with the Face towards the East The Kindred after having paid their Devotions to the Images return to the House where they drown their Sorrow in strong Liquor The Mourning is continued for forty Days after during which the Kindred are entertained at three several times viz. the third the ninth and twentieth Day and during this time of Mourning the Priest reads twice a day as we mentioned before the Psalms upon the Grave having a little Booth made up of Mats to shelter him from the Weather The Testimonial or Pass for his Admittance into the other World is signed by the Patriarch or Metropolitan of the Place and the Confessor who sells it according to the Ability of those that are to buy it This Testimonial runs thus We whose Names are hereunto subscribed the Patriarch or Metropolitan and Priest of the City of N. do Certifie by these Presents That the Bearer hereof hath always beha●ed himself and lived among us as became a good Christian professing the Greek Religion and tho he may have committed some Sins he hath Confessed the same whereupon he hath received Absolution and taken the Communion for the Remission of his Sins That he hath honoured God and his Saints that he hath not neglected his Prayers and hath Fasted on the Hours and Days appointed by the Church and that he hath always behaved himself towards me who am his Confessor in such a manner that I have no Reason to complain of him nor to deny him the Absolution of his Sins In witness whereof we have given him these Testimonials to the end That St. Peter upon sight of them may not deny him the opening of the Gate of Eternal Bliss CHAP. IX Of the Civil Government Laws and Justiciary Proceedings of the Muscovites THE State of Muscovy or its Political Government of which we are to treat in this Chapter is not only Monarchical but also Despotical or Absolute forasmuch as the Czar being sole and absolute Master over all his Subjects disposes without Controul of their Lives and Estates in the same manner as in most antient Times did the Kings of Assyria Media and Persia who governed their Subjects no otherwise than a Lord does his Slaves and as it is to this day in Turky where the Grand Seignior disposes of the Lives and Fortunes of his Subjects at pleasure The Czars of Muscovy possessed with so uncontrouled a Power as Hereditary Sovereigns of these vast Countreys we have given a short Description of in the foregoing Chapters that there is not a Knez or Lord so great in all these vast Dominions but who without Reluctancy confesses that