Monarchia Microcosmi THE Origin Vicissitudes and Period OF VITAL GOVERNMENT IN MAN For a farther Discovery of Diseases incident to Human Nature By Everard Maynwaringe M. D. Licens'd and Enter'd according to Order LONDON Printed for John Everingham at the Star in Ludgate-street near the West End of St. Pauls 1692. Monarchia Microcosmi THE Origin Vicissitudes and Period of Vital Government in MAN POlitical Governments their Rise Laws Innovations and Revolutions Subjected to the Will of Men are not my business to treat of But the Oeconomy or Government established in Man by the Laws of Nature not liable to human Subversion is the great Concern of every Physician as the Basis of his Knowledge and the Subject of Medical Art For a right understanding of this Government we must divide Man into his two principal Parts the Governing and the Governed The governing power is spiritual vital and invisible termed the Soul The governed is corporal organic and instrumental called the Body Deficiency or failure in either of these two principal Parts makes a Diseased and infirm State of Man And that you may the better know where to charge the Defections that arise from human Nature these two grand Parts are duly to be inquired into First Separatim in their single and different Natures Secondly Conjunctim as they are yoaked in Partnership which compose and denominate Man The Magisterial and Governing Power being the superior and more noble Part ruling the Machine or Body of Man is first to be considered And now we must look back into the Book of Creation to trace the Origin of this Governing Principle which I find began in Adam whose Soul took its Rise immediatly from the Omnipotent Creator The Manner how the Matter what or no matter the integrity and purity of that created vital Principle are Theologick Questions and out of my Province which I pass over But in the beginning of Time after the Creation was finished and the course of Nature Established when all things sprung by Generation and owned a traductive Being from the Womb of Nature and time appointed to prefix and measure out their Durations Then I say and now the propagation and production of Souls are a Philosophical and Physical Subject so necessary to be inquired and well known by a Physician that without such Knowledge he is absurdly deficient in the grand Fundamental of Human Nature whereon mainly rests the whole Fabrick of Physick as hereafter will appear The Vniverse being compleated and furnished with its Complement of Animals Creation then ceased But for the Continuation of all these wonderful Productions until the Exit and Period of Time there was a Power delegated to Nature by the Conditor Mundi and Commissions given to all the Species of Creatures for Propagation Crescite multiplicamini Increase and multiply Now what is there here below that springs not out of Nature immediate as the Product of that fertile omniferous Creature 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pregnant with innumerable kinds of Animals Sic tulit ordinatio divina Since this is the Result of divine Will and command of Omnipotency expresly Nor is it derogating from human rational Soul to be derived by Generation from the first Parents but most reasonable as most evident bearing always the Characters of the Protoplast in his lapsed nature But the general current and crowd of Opinions runs very strongly against the procreation of Souls therefore I must not pass it by slightly but make a farther Proof of this grand Point That the first Man Adam had his Soul by Creation I think no Body doubts But his Posterity if we be his Posterity must derive from him a Rational Soul omnis forma est suî multiplicativa or else we cannot be truly said to be descended from him and that we are descended from his lapsed Nature and do participate thereof our frailties and mortality are Arguments convincing What can we claim from Adam if the Soul be not propagated and derived from him The visible corporeal matter of which human Bodies are composed is such and from such matter as we eat and drink daily Ex iis nutrimur ex quibus constamus What is Genital Spermatick Matter but an Elaborated Succus extracted daily from our Food which receiving several alterations in passing through the Body at last arriving at the Genetal Parts there take a Spermatick digestion and transmutation and this is the materia ex qua visible and only matter of which all generated Human Bodieies are made Now what relation hath this primigenious matter to Adam Truly none for this we must own to have from the Flesh of Beasts Fish Fowl and all sorts of Food And how is the Embryo in the Womb nourished and improved but with alimentary juice of the same extraction And after the Birth Augmentation is procured by daily additions of Aliment to the state and full growth which Bulk is maintained afterwards by supplies of the same kind 'T is plain and undeniable then that the Corporal Substance of our Bodies are wholly derived from and made up of the matter of our Food Then it necessarily follows we can no way claim Kindred to Adam but only by deriving the better and more noble part from him which is the Rational Soul by which the whole Race of Mankind may truly be called Adamites You say homo generat hominem Man begets Man and so say I the whole Man But you understand and mean thereby that Man begets only a Sensitive Soul and and the Rational to be infused by Creation What then is the necessary and unavoidable Consequence Homo non generat hominem solummodo brutam Man begets a Brute only If your Theology and Phylosophy do thus interfere and clash how will you reconcile them But now you tell me of a sensitive and brutal Soul in Man gives me occasion to inquire into the Doctrine trium Animarum of three Souls in Man Vegetative Sensitive and Rational confirmed by a general Vogue as also by the Decree of renowned Phylosophers and Physicians ancient and modern True it is there are three distinct and different Souls in rerum natura but I think not so in humana natura since one is sufficient to perform all Functions in Human Nature But to offer any Argument against such a Sanction you will say is a daring Attempt Notwithstanding I must inquire into the Verity of this Judgment for as much as the Doctrine is Fundamental and the Dependants thereupon are of great Consequence in Physick since the Designs of Curing cannot be well grounded without a true knowledge of the Governing Power from whence principally and most frequently Diseases do arise and depend If there be three Souls in Man we are industriously to inquire their Properties Powers and Jurisdictions that upon failure in this or that Part of the Body any Function or Office not duly executed we may then know upon which Governing Principle to charge the Deficiency and in what Organ the Impediment lies
Every Soul must have its Jurisdiction and where any failure is found we may then know under what Governing Power that Function and Part of the Body is Subjected whether a Failure in Vegetation Sensation or Intellection In all which rightly distinguishing the Deficiency of the Vital Powers from the decays of the Instrumental Parts And here by the way you may take notice how Diseases do arise either by the declension or swerving of the Vital Governing Principle or from the impediments and incapacity of the instrumental Organs for Action And by this Knowledge or Prospect the Designs of Curing are radically instituted and performed otherwise all Endeavours for reducing of Diseases are but casual Adventures and groaping in the dark The three denominating distinguishing and regent Principles or Powers Vegetative Sensitive and Rational make the three grand generical Divisions of Animate Creatures which last being the highest step in the Scale of Nature comprising Virtualiter the two inferior denominates and constitutes Man whereby he is elevated to the degree of Perfection and Dignity above all Creatures in the lower World But if there be a Vegetant and Sensient Soul in Man as distinct and separate Principles then I quaere what sort of Government this is in the Microcosm under three principal Rulers Whether each of them exerciseth Domination independently and hath their Territories so distinct not accountable to the other and are as three Monarchs or whether the two inferior in Dignity do act subordinately by Deputation as Vice Roys or Provincials Ruling Powers are real Powers else you give Titles and Names to things without a Being Or thirdly Whether these Ruling Powers are Co-ordinate and Coequal and do make a State Government But I shall not prosecute upon these Questions they having no foundation in Human Nature which I shall endeavour to prove And now I am forced to search the Records of Sacred Writ for we can have no account but from thence else I am unwilling to be an Interpreter of Scripture save only for my own satisfaction wherein I had rather follow than lead If there be three Souls in Man they were all created in Adam or some of them procreated afterwards in his Posterity Not created in him for the Greek Text says 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Latin thus Et factus est homo in Animam Viventem The English Translation And Man became a living Soul All run in the singular number a Soul And to add any other to his Nature of an inferior rank a sensitive brutal and mortal Soul is to change that Integrity Purity and Immortality in which he was created Nor do we read in Sacred Writ of any addition to his created Nature after the Fall but of diminution depravation and loss of what he had but no new Principle superadded no sensitive brutal Soul Formavit Dominus Deus hominem de limo terrae inspiravit in faciem ejus spiraculum vitae Gen. cap. 2. v. 7. The stupendious Machin of Man's Body with all its variety of Organs was first framed before the Breath of Life was infused which Breath was the last act to constitute and compleat the first Man but as for the manner how expressed by Breathing in or the matter what or no matter is not my business to inquire after only the Simplicity Unity and Singularity of that created Vital Principle is here sought for and set forth And that all vital Operations in the Body might be performed by one active vital Principle a wonderful Agent inspired by the omnipotent worker of wonders is as intelligible probable and more rational than that they should proceed from 3 or 2 distinct Principles of Vitality Therefore a trinity or duality of Souls in created Human Nature is not reconcileable with Reason since we do not find it so expressed in the History of the Creation nor any necessity to allow it Entia non sunt multiplicanda sine necessitate Tell me what this sensitive or brutal Soul is when and how introduced into Human Body created or generated Et eris mihi magnus Apollo But Philosophers and Physitians cannot agree what this Anima sensitiva is Dr. Willis will have the Animal Spirits to be the sensitive Soul Profectò quicquid alii senserint Spiritus Animales revera existere ipsiusque Animae corporeae hypostasin constituere in Praefat. Pathol cerebri But although this Author lays such a stress upon Antmal Spirits as to make them such a considerable Principle yet some doubt whether there be Animal Spirits distinct from the Vital others flatly deny them Men very eminent in this Faculty The learned Dr. Charlton so dubitats upon Animal Spirits as to my thinking insinuates a Negation 6th Praelection of Human Nature The famous Harvey de generat Animal exercit 70. plainly denys their existence Also Sir George Ent Antidiatrib p. 141. likewise Scaliger exercit 339. Sect. 2. And most of the Peripateticks are of the same opinion Notwithstanding upon this imaginary Foundation of Animal Spirits that Doctor raiseth his Anima Sensitiva and his Doctrine of Convulsive Motions and Epileptick Insults is planted thereupon Dr. Willis de Morbis Convulsivis But admitting the existence of Animal Spirits yet they being but meer Instruments how is it rational they should constitute an independent Principle and be the Author of such great Actions as are attributed to a sensitive Soul From the first Man created we will step over to his Posterity generated and see if we can find a plurality of Souls in Human procreated Nature Adam begat a Son in his own likeness after his image and called his name Seth Gen. 5. v. 3. not a likeness in Shape and Figure only but a likeness in his specifick Human Nature compounded of Soul and Body a Man And if Seth was Adam's likeness he must have but one Soul as his Father had no more else the dissimilitude between Father and Son would be great and monstrous and contrary to the general Rule Quicquid est in effectu praeexistit in causa Now Seth being the first-born in him began the course of Human Nature by Propagation answering the general Institution by Divine Will declared to all Animate Creatures Increase and replenish the Earth Man not excepted in this general Command An Argument sufficient to silence all reasoning and farther disquisition But the adverse Party holding the daily creation of Souls and yet to derive the Generations after Adam from his humane nature have framed this Invention that the Seed of Parents contains a Plastic or formative Power as an Instrument endowed with Virtue from the Generants to form and organize the Foetus in the Womb which Body being compleated the Rational Soul is then infused by Creation after this manner Creatur infundendo creando infunditur Thus supposing the traductive generating Power of Parents is maintained in Semine by an Instrument of the generating Principle to perform in its stead and absence All which in my reason is very absurd Tum daretur
accidens sine substantia subjecto True it is there is a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 forming Power or formative Faculty in Semine but this always presupposeth a formative Principle from whence this Virtue does issue and is dependent upon never acting in its absence Actio fieri non potest ab instrumentis sine opifice This Plastic Power being inseparable from the Plastic Principle Anima Can you separate Light from the Sun or Heat from Fire or Humidity from Water no more can you imagin rationally and really a Plastic emaning Virtue without a Plastic Principle Accidens non migrat de subjecto in subjectum For Semen inanimatum est in faecundum omnino Can any natural Agent contrive and fabricate a Mansion so apposite and fit in all its Organs as the Soul it self whereby to exert all its various Endowments and to perform all its different Offices carrying the Idea of it self for the production of its specifick Likeness which no vicarious Instrument or Substitute can perform in his absence Look through the Universe among all the Species of Creatures and you will not find any formative and productive Power delegated to perform the Office of the specifick generating Principle And why in the formation of Man the informing Soul should be denied and debarred the formative Power acting presentially is to my thinking no way consonant with Reason as being against the Rules of Philosophy which do not run counter to Theology both being rightly understood as proceeding from Divine will and appointment Anima ex traduce is not my single Opinion but some eminent Divines and Philosophers have asserted the same and therefore I am not a leader but a follower herein only set forth something differently to give light to some Truths of great moment in Physick But continued Creation is obstinately defended to support the immortality of Human Soul and therefore they cannot admit of its Generation by mortal Man And according to the Axiom in Philosophy Quod est generabile est etiam corruptibile which seems to infringe and thwart an Article of our Faith Yet rightly understood it does not but consonant with the Analogy of Faith and Tenor of Divine Oracles that This corruptible Body shall put on incorruption and This mortal Soul shall put on immortality not in this Life but in that which is to come when mortal Life is ended Anima quae peccaverit ipsa morietur So that notwithstanding Mortality follows Generation Resurrection and future Immortality are as certain as sacred Writ hath made them and no alteration or injury offered to our Creed Much more there is to be said but I forbear as unwilling to be an interpreter of Scripture But the Subject of our Discourse unavoidably engaged me herein I only offer so much to shew the innocency of this Opinion no way favouring of Heresy or Fanaticism Salvâ fide Christiana Anima vivicans the Vital Principle and forma informans This is the Spiritus Architectonicus here is this vis plastica the formative Power emerging from the formative Principle This is the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 calidum innatum much talk'd of but not understood the Fountain of all Vital Heat This is Anima Vegetativa the Author of all acts of Vegetation in Human Bodies And this is the Anima Sensitiva the Spring of Sensation and loco motion All these Faculties emaning from one and the same Principle of Life and are not several and different Principles in themselves Vnicus tantum est vitae moderator nec plures Human Soul having a triple Specifick Entelechia comprised in one Entity as the Epitome of all Animat Creatures and governs the little World of Man by a Monarchical Power Ruling the upper middle and lower Regions thereof with their Confines And to admit of any other Animat Principle as sharing in this Government were a diminution of the Royalty and a lessning of the Prerogative I must here infert the words of a learned Author pertinent to the purpose which wraps up our matter into one bundle Anima dum Vivificat corpus Anima est dum Vult Anionus dum Scit Mens dum Recolit Memoria dum rectum Judicat Ratio dum spirat Spiritus dum aliquid Sentit Sensus est Isidorus So that all these different Appellations which have amused the World do signifie and distinguish various Operations only proceeding from one and the same Principle performing divers Offices belonging to Human Nature Anima quippe officia cuncta partibus distribuit eaque per vitam moderatur But some may say cui bono What signifies all this to Physician and Patient whose Concern is Bodily Curing that of Souls belongs to Divines only To which I answer you are under a great mistake Cadaver non capax est Morborum The Body abstractly considered is not capable of Diseases but Corpus vivens nor is the Body capable of Curing but by the Power of the Vital Principle Animae for as Helmont says Natura est Morborum Medicatrix By Nature is understood the Life or Principle of Life which you call the Soul What is a Disease but a disorder or impediment in Vital Government And this ariseth from Enormity or Defection of the Vital Principle or decay and alteration of the corporeal instrumental Parts and in this Case also the Life is much concern'd for if any Organ be out of order it must be reduced by the Vital Principle Anima That Plastic Power which made all the Organic Parts that only must mend them with the help of Medicines promoting and assisting All the Designs of Curing are in assisting the Governing Principle to restore this or that Part defective and in this Work all Medicines operate first upon the Life No Chirurgical Cure is rightly designed no Application made to any Part but it must operate upon the Life in that Part else no healing no strengthening no discussing c. And if the Means be not proper and agreeable Nature which is the Life refusing such Helps and not complying therewith then no good Effect can be expected from such Endeavours Invitâ Natura irrita sunt omnia The Body is but passive inferior and instrumental The Vital Principle is Dominus fac totum commanding and governing this Body subjected to its Will and Power who formed all the Parts thereof supports and maintains them in their Order and Offices that moves all and acts all ad nutum at least ad posse The Carcass is but the Cortex or Shell the Life is the Kernel This is the Healing Principle that cures and restores the Body by the help of good Medicines Deus creavit medicinam qui nihil frustrâ fecit A true knowledge of the Vital Principle in its governing power with that of Medicines are the two prime Acquirements to be sought for by a Physician to enable him in the Office of Curing 'T is this Vital Principle that distinguisheth Bodies by various Temperaments Hot Cold Moist and Dry And distributeth to each Part its
Spirit into different kinds of Spermatick Parts Bones Cartilages Ligaments c. the which and afterwards all sanguineous Parts also are maintained by adventitious Supplies from Nutriment not by a Radical Stock And this advenient nutritious Juice daily extracted from Food is transmuted and fitted continually for every Part by the Occonomic Governing Principle which was the Formative Principle So that there is no need of Radical Moisture the Stomach is the Conduit from whence all Parts adjacent and remote are irrigated and supplied with convenient Moisture And since there is no Radical antique Primigeneous Moisture so there is no want thereof Nature having provided a fresh Spring more refreshing and enlivening than any stale Liquor of ancient standing The Vital Principle so long as it continues vigorous in the Ventricle will not let the Body want a Supplement of proper and laudable Moisture from this Fountain that feeds all the Vital Streams Thus you may plainly see the Notion of humidum radicale to be a false Conception in that sense and for such use as the world is made to believe that the Life extinguisheth by the exhaustion of Radical Moisture Multa alia problemata paradoxa 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ex praecessis tractanda liquidò surgunt sed quò plura hîc afferam eò etiam plura afferenda se offerent quapropter impresentiarum aliò calamum divertere lubet Now to reduce all our Discourse and make it serviceable in Practice and to let you know these are not empty Notions and unprofitable but of great moment in Physick Here you may learn Apollo's Oracular Admonition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to know the more noble and better Part of Man 'T is this Vital Luminary Sol Microcesmi that vivifies the Earthen lump of Human Body and makes it a living Automaton And by whose irradiating influence through the Regions and Parts of this Orb all the various Motions Mutations and Cessations efficienter aut privativé do mostly depend This Plastic Principle inspired derivativè from that Divine Inspiration into the Protoplast draws the first Lineaments of Human Fabrick forms and finisheth all the interior Parts thereof for Magnitude Figure Position Texture Connexion and Communication most requisite to exert and display all the various Faculties of Human Nature But here by the way I must take notice that some melancholy Phansies and to correspond with the Opinion of Souls daily created Origin have rhetorically but unsutably termed the Body a Prison a toyling Work-house and the Grave of the Soul But I must think otherwise not a Prison but a Pallace excelling Royal Fabricks Galen's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for Magnificence Use Convenience and Delight most accommodate and connatural with the Principle of Life Not an Ergastulum but a Chariot of Pleasure Not Sepulcrum but a living Monument the Mirrour of the Terrestrial Globe è luto sinctum And therefore what happens to discompose this August Pavilion to interrupt the Complacency and Felicity therein is accidental and preternatural admonishing us the mutability of Human State And if this opifice be fo admirable the opifex much more propter quod unumquodque est tale illud est magis tale This dextrous Limner draws not the Effigies and Resemblance but makes the living Man Delineates Shapes and Sizeth all Bodies with peculiar imparity of Dimensions and joins therewith by Coextension Puts a distinguishing Figure upon every Face Prepares and tempers Elemental Matter into various Complexions Presents Man in all the different Aspects Smiling Lowring Bold Drooping Fierce Affable c. This Ruling Principle acts all the unruly Passions of Fear Love Hatred Anger c. And by its Ubiquitary Vital Presence in Human Body does determine upon all sensible Objects with Complacence or Displacence Also diversifies individual Natures by peculiar Proprieties Temperaments Inclinations Aversations c. This Rational Principle keeps the Stores of Intellectual Endowments and puts a distinguishing Character upon Man from all his fellow Creatures And also makes a particular distinction amongst Men by a different proportion and measure of Ingeny Subtility Sagacity Judgment and Memory 'T is this Regent Principle that governs all the Members of the Body moves directs supports enables them in their Duties and keeps them in the due order of their subordinate Offices this is the internal efficient Agent and supream Moderator of all Human Actions Natural Vital and Animal so distinguished This Microcosmical Luminary orient makes the blooming Spring of Youth from thence arriving to the Meridian Heighth the Strength and State of Manhood And from thence declining the withering Autumn and then the unpleasant Winter of old Age. This Vital Luminary serene in Government makes the chearful State of Health This clouded and impedited in its Regent Astral Influx by discomposure and defection of the Members in this Government then ariseth the sad gloomy State of Sickness From hence the Apoplectic Eclipses The Paralitic desertions of Vital Influx Convulsive Struglings of the Life Hysteric Suffocating Damps Febrile Scorchings of the incensed Vital Spirit Humoral Fermenting Flouds and Consumptive Ebbs. Hydropic Inundations Stormy Aguish Concussions of the Microcosme The Flatulent Rumblings and Cavernous Belchings Exhausting Transpirations The impetuous Fluxes of the expelling Vital Agent c. Thus acting all the Comic and Tragic Vicissitudes in Human Nature And what not acted or committed in the little World of Man that this Vital Principle is not the principal Actor therein or chiefest Sufferer thereby Causes material and occasianal provoking the Life to enormous Motions or impediting Vital Influence are various and too many here be enumerated As this Vital Principle acts the Chiefest Part in all Diseafes So likewise it performs principally and efficiently the Cures of all Diseases and otherwise the Body cannot be Cured Natura corroborata est Morborum meditacrix Helmont As this is the Curing Principle this also is the Principle first to be Cured Comforted and Refreshed in the times of weakness alleviated when oppressed allayed and eased from Pains reduced out of Frets and Passions caused by Organic Impediments disordering the Oeconony or from external Injuries And they that design Curing otherwise aim not aright but prosecute by false steps and their Endeavours Frustraneous 'T is this Vital Principle that must first be strengthned and the Body can receive no Strength but from thence In this Vital Power lies the Strength of Human Nature and in this same lies the Infirmities and weakness of Nature This sets Man up and this lets him fall down 'T is this Principle that receives the first Refreshment and Assistance by Food then communicates and fits it for the Body After the same manner it does with Physick This Healing Principle distinguisheth and closeth amicably with proper good Medicines directs and transmits their Virtue to this or that Diseased Part wanting Relief All the designs of Curing centers here in disposing and assisting of the Life to repair decaying and defective Organs This Vital Principle the Organ maker and Organist