Sometimes dilate them as in Joy Love and Desire Sometimes drives them furiously as in Anger wherein also the humours are fluctuating sometimes this way and sometimes that way according to the nature of the Passion which hath its peculiar motion and current And as other Diseases have their Diagnostick Signs to distinguish them and whereby they may be known So likewise the Passions have their peculiar Characters of distinction that it is not difficult to know under what passion a man labours We judge of other sicknesses very much by the Face what alteration there So by the Countenance we may know what Passion is predominant each putting on a different aspect and presenting it self in another shape and visage Passion in excess although it be the perturbation and sickness of the mind yet it is not confined there but is communicated to the Body which partakes and shares in the morbous effect If the Mind be distempered and discomposed the Body cannot continue in health The Soul and Body are so interwoven with each other and conjunct in their Operations that they act together enjoy and suffer together They are so linked and conjoined as Partners of each others ill and welfare that the one is not affected but the other is drawn into consent mutually acting enjoying and suffering until death Hence it is a diseased Body makes a heavy drooping mind and a wounded disturbed or restless mind makes a youthful healthy body to decay and languish Who therefore desires the health and welfare of the body must procure Ease Rest and Tranquillity of mind 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That you may the better know and rightly understand how passions of the mind redound and reflect upon the body to the decay and ruine of it and abbreviating mans life First Consider that the Body without the Souls energy is dead and moves not at all by vertue of the Souls conjunction with it and informing power the Body acts with various motions and operations and according to the activity of the Soul with organical aptitude and fitness of the Body is the exquisiteness and perfection of their operations The Soul then is Agent the Body passive receiving the influx virtue and power from the Soul who is Rectrix and Gubernatrix to whom the Rule and Government belong It is evident therefore since the Body cannot act any thing of it self for its conservation without the energy and assistance from the Soul whose care is for the regulating and moderating the Body in all actions external and internal than the distractions inactivity wandrings and neglects of the Soul do tend to the subversion of this due order and government and consequently the ruine and dissolution of the body which requires a constant supply of daily reparation and a regular tuition for its support and maintenance Now the Soul transported by passion from its genuine order and mode of placidness and tranquillity and reduced into a turbulent unquiet and distempered state is a condition of incapacity and unfitness for government for that time being and many damages arise thereby as in each passion particularly hereafter will appear In a threefold manner the Soul is put besides her self in the regularity of rectory and is incurious of the welfare of the Body First The Soul is either carried away by some delightful object as for something vehemently desired and deserting as it were the body to follow after that thing desired and coveted extending her power and strength out of the body to lay hold if possibly to obtain and bring within the Sphere and Circle of her enjoyment as in the Passion of Love Or secondly The Soul is in fury and disquieted within by the apprehension of something assaulting and disturbing to which the Soul hath a contrariety and antipathy against as in the passions of Fear Hatred Revenge Anger And this disquietude and disturbance is continued by representations of their causes in the phantasie which still present themselves to the Soul by way of a fresh assault which feeds the Passion and continues the Distemper Or thirdly The Soul is languishing heavy and inactive altogether indisposed to the government and tuition of the body and perhaps desirous to be discharged and shake it off being weary of the burthen taking no delight in their partnership and society as in melancholy despair and grief In all which cases you shall find the Body to suffer great prejudice and detriment In the first Case When the Soul alienates her self wanders away with a vehement desire to procure and obtain any thing most agreeable and delightful the Soul as it were contracts her self and unites all her force stands at full bent after this beloved dischargeth all her thoughts upon it and spends her strength in desire and longing until at last she pines away with a tedious and starving expectation if the beloved thing be not obtained In the interim the oeconomy and government of her own mansion the Body is neglected the spirits which are accounted the Souls immediate Instruments in every Faculty at least a considerable part are inticed away and called off from their proper and peculiar works and duty perhaps to enlarge and increase the vigour of some other faculty more immediately subvervient and attending the Souls new design and business preferred far before a good digestion due excretion nutrition seasonable rest or what else and those spirits remaining which have the burthen of these duties incumbent on them have so small and inconsiderable support and supply of influence from the Soul to direct and back them in their performance that the functions are executed weakly and depravedly to the great prejudice and damage of the Body Digestion now is not so good nor the Appetite so quick the stomach calls not for a new supply as yet not being well discharged and quit of yesterdays provision the stomach now is weary of dressing and preparing long Dinners for the Body Lenten and fasting days are its vacation from trouble Separation now is not so good the excrementitious and nutritious part walk hand in hand together and pass without contradiction or due examination the watch now is not so strict at the Ports and privy passages to discern what is fit to pass this way and what the other or what to reject and keep out but promiscuously receive what presents it self Distribution now is not so good Aliment tires by the way wanting spirits to convey and bring it to its journeys end and exercise to jog it on through the angust Meanders and more difficult passages Sanguification is now degenerated and vitiated the preceding requisites and fit praevious dispositions in order thereto being wanting Membrification or Assimilation is now changed for a Cachectick and depraved habit Excretion and Evacuation of what is superfluous and unfit longer to be retained in the body is not sent away in due time but stays for a Pass the Governess is now taken up with other matters neglects due orders
and commands to the expulsive faculty for their emission All necessary and wholesom Customs are now neglected and disregarded the Soul too oft is wandring and gadding abroad and best when she is roving from home but neglects the airing of her Cottage and perfuming it with fresh aetherean breath The Soul is now always restless and disturbed nor shall the Senses her Attendants take their due repose but keeps an unquiet house at midnight In the second Case The regular and due order of government in the Body is subverted and changed when the Soul in the forementioned passions of Fear Anger Hatred and Revenge is disturbed and alarum'd by the assault approach or appearance of some evil or injury the Soul then summons the spirits together and commands them from their common duties calls them to her aid and assistance for security from danger to repulse the violence offered or revenge the injury hurrying them here and there from one part to another in a tumultuous manner if the assault be suddain and surprizing sometimes inward to support the heart to give courage and resolution which by their suddain concourse and confluence to the Center causeth great palpitations and almost suffocation or else commanding them to the out-works into the external parts to repel the invasion and violence of the evil presenting or approaching or to revenge the quarrel the Hands and Arms then receive a double or treble strength the Muscles being full and distended with agile spirits for their activity and strength in motion The Eyes then are staring full and stretch'd forth with a croud of inflamed spirits darting forth their fury and spending their strength upon the Adversary and Object of their trouble The Tongue then is swelled with spirits and big words that wanting a larger room for vent tumbles out broken and imperfect speeches and scarce can utter whole words The Legs and Feet then have an Auxiliary supply and double portion of spirits conveighed into their Nerves and Sinews to increase their agility and strength to come on or off But in the mean time the Heart perhaps is almost fainting so long being deprived of and deserted by those lively vigorous spirits which did inhabit and quarter there for its Life-Guard protection and support but are now called off their Guard and common duties imployed in Foreign Parts commanded here and there as the emergent occasions present to the Governess of this Microcosm In the third case mentioned the due order government and necessary execution of offices belonging to the welfare and maintenance of the body and preservation of life are neglected and weakly performed When the Soul being darkned and overspread with a cloud of sadness betakes her self to a sullen incurious recumbency and retiredness willing to resign up and cast off the government and tuition of the body and as a burthen which she now delights not to bear about begins to lose her hold who before had embraced and clipt so close suspending the virtue of her energy and vigorous emanations acting faintly and coldly those necessary mutual performances without regard to their former friendship or their future conjunct preservation The Body now begins to sink with its own weight and press towards the Earth the natural place from whence it came That active spirit which before had buoyed it up and took delight to sport it to and fro is now ready to let it fall and grovel downwards to leave it whither it must go The wonted pleasures of their partnership and society are now disgusted and rejected Food now hath lost its relish and is become unsavoury Sleep which before was pleasant as a holy-day in the fruition of rest and ease is now composed of nothing but troublesome unquiet dreams linked together with some sighing intervals to measure out the weary night by Exercise and sporting Recreations are now accounted drudgery and laborious toyling unwilling is the Soul to move her Yoke-fellow farther than the enforcing Law of Nature and necessity commands and urgeth Their joint operations which before were duly and unanimously performed are now ceased abated or depraved by the retraction reluctance and indisposed sadness of the Soul to act the wonted vigorous emanations of the Soul and her radiant influence upon the spirits is now suspended subducted and called back These ministring attending Spirits and nimble Agents which at a beck were always ready agile and active in the execution of her commands now want Commands to stir and Warrants to act by but in a torpid and somnolent indisposition unfit for action and the exquisite performance of their duties and in a sympathizing complyance with the Soul the excitrix and rectrix of their motions they are ready to resign their Offices and give over working that what they now do is faintly and remisly performed with much deficiency and depravation When the Soul is pleased and merry the spirits dance and are chearful at their work but when she droops and mourns the spirits are dull heavy and tired the Functions but weakly and insufficiently executed From the preceding Discourse may easily be collected that the Distempers and Alienations of the Soul from her genuine state of serenety and quietude is of great disadvantage to Health for as much as the necessary Functions of the Body from hence are disordered and insufficiently performed these perturbations also impressing upon the Body various preternatural effects forming the Ideas and Characters of Diseases upon the spirits which are by them communicated implanted and propagated in the body likewise the morbifick Seeds and secret Characters of Diseases which lay dead and inactive are by the oeconomical disturbance and perturbation of mind awakened moved and stirred up to hostility and action which otherwise would have layen dormant as by grief fear anger hysterical passions swoonings epilepsies c. are often procured and it is evident and commonly observed by infirm and diseased people how passion aggravates and heightens their distempers and according to the temper of their mind will their bodily infirmities be aggravated or abated I shall draw up this Discourse into three Corollaries being the Epitome of what hath been asserted and aimed at 1. There is no perturbation or passion of mind whether little or great but it works a real effect in the Body more or less according to the nature and strength of the passion and by how much the more sudden great often and of longer duration the passion is by so much are the impressions and effects worse more durable and indeleble You cannot be angry or envious or melancholy or give way to any such passion but you cherish and feed an Enemy that preys upon your life and you may be assured that passion makes as great nay greater alteration within the body than the change of your countenance appears to outward view which is not a little although but a shadow or reflexion of the inward distemper and disorder And were it possible by any perspective to see the alteration and discomposure
within made by a passionate troubled mind the prospect would be strange and much different from that placidness and tranquillity of an indisturbed quiet Soul 2. Strong and vehement passions or affections of the mind too intent upon this or that object whether desirable and to be enjoyed or formidable and to be avoided alienate suspend and draw off the wonted vigour influence and preservative power of the Soul due to the body whereby the functions and necessary operations are not duly and sufficiently performed but intempestively remisly and weakly Nor is the dammage only privative but also introduceth and impresseth upon the spirits a morbifick Idea which is ens reale seminale producing this or that effect according to the nature and property of the Idea received and aptitude of the recipient subject Phancies and Idea's are let in naked but they streight are invested and cloathed in the body have a real existence and are entia realia though at first conception but entia rationis as the longing of a pregnant Woman being but the Idea of a thing in her mind it begets various and real distempers in her body if not soon satisfied and sometimes characterized upon the Embryo in the Womb. Likewise a good stomach is taken off its meat suddenly by the coming of some unwelcom bad news the appetite is gone now the oul is disquieted and the Body really affected and altered Let these sad tydings be contradicted and the Soul satisfied of the truth to the contrary it sets a new impression upon the spirits they strait are cheared lively and active the stomach calls for meat and drink and the faculties restored to their wonted operations Whereby it appears the two passions of joy and grief as they are opposite in their objects so are their effects wrought in the Body as far distant and different 3. A cogitative or contemplative person too intent always or unseasonably employing the mind seriously and eagerly either in real or fictitious matters fabricating Idea's upon the spirits disturbs and hinders other necessary offices in the body and operations conservative of its being enervates and weakens their performance in duty impares Health and hastens old Age but those that live most incurious and void of studious thoughts too serious cogitations and disquieting passions preserve the strength of Nature and integrity of all the Faculties protract the verdure and beauty of youth much longer from declensions and decay for by how much the rational faculty is over-busie disturbed and intempestively exercised drawing the full vigour of the Soul into the discharge of that faculty and robbing other inferiour functions of their necessary influential supply and emanative power from the Soul by so much the other faculties are impoverished and abated their executions more languid and depraved and therefore it is a close Students life a careful or passionate mind disposeth to and introduceth many infirmities enervates and debilitates nature abbreviates and shortens her course SECT XXIII Distempers and Perturbations of the Soul particularly Of Anger THis Passion is a great Disease if we consider the preternatural effects and alterations it maketh for the functions of the body are disordered and discomposed by it and the whole man changed from what he was In giving judgment upon Diseases so much worse is that person to be accounted whose alteration is greater from what he was in a state of health and as the functions perverted are more in number and superiour in dignity This Disease does not take up one particular part for its quarters but it seiseth the whole Man All the Faculties are disordered and every part is discomposed and disturbed Take a view of an angry Man or rather a Man in the fury and perturbation of Anger his Reason is supprest or suspended he acts not rationally but as a mad man his face is changed his eyes stare and sparkle his Tongue stammers his Heart pants his Pulse beats high and quick his Breath is almost gone the Blood and all the Humours boyl and the Spirits are agitated to and fro by gusts like an impetuous Wind he trembles all over and this storm shaketh the whole Fabrick of his body Surely this is a great Disease that thus discomposeth and puts the whole man out of frame and order such storms as these do much weaken and enervate the ability of the Faculties disorder their regular performance and discharge of their Offices but more especially infirm Parts are made sensible of the prejudice and cholerick lean bodies An inflammation of any particular part is a great Disease but Anger is an inflammation of the whole and were this distemper to continue long a man were in as much danger of life as in the highest Feaver Therefore take the Poets counsel Principiis obsta Ne fraena animo permitte Calenti Stat. Fear Fear whether sudden and violently seizing or gradually approaching and threatning an evil to come both enervates and debilitates Nature Fear suddenly surprizing chaseth the spirits to and fro from their residency and faculties sometimes compressing and driving them to the heart causing violent palpitations and suffocation or scattering them from the Fountain of Life into the external parts making a dissolution almost to exanimation Such frightful surprizes as these are very dangerous and seldom happen but they leave some sad Characters and Impressions behind Etiam fortes viri subitis terrentur Tacit. Against this fear there is no remedy having surprized and seized the Person before deliberation can interpose to prevent it or preparation made couragiously to meet or valiantly to stand against this shock of terrour Fear that gives warning before the evil comes and threatens as yet afar off that Soul which then yields up her courage and strength of resistance is disarm'd by her own phancy and vanquished by her self is conquered with nothing in Being but with the fear of something that may be The evil although to come which possibly may be prevented and never come yet it is made a present calamity the suggestions being received and the Soul sinking under them make a pressure upon the Soul as really afflicting as the evil it self Multos in summo peric'la misit timor ipse mali Luc. Such fears as these ought to be chased away and manfully resisted that which may be is as far from us sometimes as that which never shall be The fear of things that never come are ten to those that come to pass Quid juvat dolori suo occurrere Satis citò dolebit cùm venerit Sen. As Anger swells the Soul and thrusts forward the spirits into the exteriour parts to oppose and to revenge the ill On the contrary Fear makes the Soul to shrink and the spirits to give back By this contraction of the Soul her wonted vigorous emanations in all the faculties are suspended whereby the functions of the Body are remisly and depravedly performed the spirits retire inwards the face grows pale wan and thin and the Soul pines and
If cold the faculties are torpid and benum'd the spirits being frozen up to a cessation from their duties If moisture prevails the spirits are clogged suffocated and drowned in the chanels of the body If siccity and dryness the organical parts are stubborn unpliable and uncapable of their regular motions and due actions the vital streams being drunk up that should irrigate refresh and supple them Were the body always taking in and sending nothing forth it would either increase to a monstrous and vast magnitude or fill up suffocate and stifle the soul were it always in excretion and emission the body would waste away and be reduced to nothing Nor is the receiving in of any thing sufficient and satisfactory to the body for its preservation but that which is appointed by Nature proper and sutable nor emission or ejection of any thing but that which is superfluous and unnecessary to be retained If Sleep prevails contrary to the Law of Nature the body in a lethargick soporiferous inactivity stupefied and senseless lies at the gates of death If Watching exceeds the limits transgresseth and steals away the due time for sleep the faculties are debilitated and enervated the spirits tired worn out and impoverished If Inspiration were constant without intermission the body would puff up and be blown like a Bladder If Expiration were continual the soul and spirits would soon quit their habitation and come forth If always Exercised in motion the body would pine and wear away if always at Rest it would corrupt and stink There is a rule therefore proportion measure and season to be observed in all the requisite supports and auxiliary helps belonging to our preservation and by how much or often any of these necessary alternative successions are extravagant and irregular exceeding the bounds and limits prescribed by Nature and justling out the successive appointed action duty or custom from its seasonable exercise and due execution by so much is the harmony of Nature disturbed vigor abated and duration shortned by these jars discords and encroachments The thwarting and crossing of Nature in any thing she hath enjoyned either in the substance or circumstance is violence offered to Nature and is destructive more or less according to the dignity or quality of the thing appointed For Nature was not so indifferent in the institution of these duties and customs that they might be done or not done or so careless and irregular to leave them at your pleasure when and how or to be used promiscuously and preposterously without order at the liberty of your will fancy and occasions And as you may see in all other creatures exactness of rule method and constant order impressed upon and radicated in their natures by which they act always sutable regular and constant you may not imagine so choice and exquisite a piece as Man is to be left without a Law and Rule to guide and steer him in the necessary actions concerning Life and that he should rove in uncertain unconstant unlimited quantities times orders manners and the like but is bounded and restrained upon penalties and forfeitures of Being well-being and long-being to the nice and strict observance of these laws and customs necessary for the tuition of Life and defence of humane frailty As moral good actions are placed in a mediocrity between two vitious extreams so natural actions and auxiliary requisites conservative of life have their golden Mean digression from which on either side leads to ruine and destruction Too much Sleep or too little too much Meat and Drink or too little too much Rest or too much Motion too much Air or always close pent up too great Excretions or too long Retentions too much Heat or too much Cold either of the extreams lead to ruine And as Nature hath not appointed any thing or every thing to be food but this and that so likewise not at any time to be received not in any quantity after any manner prepared or in what order you please but proportionable suteable and convenient As there is variety of dispositions and inclinations of mind agreeing with and likeing one thing but disagreeing resisting and disliking another so is it in the variety of bodies and food one body is of this constitutional propriety temper and appetite will sute and agree well with this meat and disagree with another for if all meats were convenient for all bodies to be used promiscuously without choice how comes it to pass the antipathy resistance and abhorrency of some bodies against some particular meats And this not from a fancy and conceit but so radicated in the constitution that if it be eaten though unknown shall produce Fluxes Vomitings Swoonings and such like effects From hence is manifested the opposition disagreement and distance between this constitution and this kind of meat which being so great that the dislike and discordancy appears presently other disagreements which are in a lower degree of opposition do not manifest themselves immediately yet they produce ill effects in the body plùs minùs pro viribus some Disease or Distemper which discover themselves gradually at times seasons and occasions given If you acknowledge the former you must admit of the latter the reason is à majori ad minus As Sleep is appointed by Nature to refresh the spirits and repair loss strength so the time for sleep is appointed and limited not when you please the Sun that glorious Light was not made for you to sleep by nor the night for sports and revels or lawful business but for rest Nature does not only command what to be done but when how much how long after what manner in what order the modification circumstances and requisite qualifications as well as the thing it self are to be regarded And therefore by a diligent inquisition and curious speculation into the works of Nature you may as much admire the manner of preservation government order weight and measure regular vicissitudes alternations and successions as the excellency and contrivance of the things themselves in their creation and generation Whatever is appointed by Nature as necessary for conservation and support of Being though never so good yet if it be unseasonable out of course immoderate in quantity quality or duration it alters the property and intention of Nature converts good purposes to bad effects We say Every thing is best in its own kind and of continuance in its own Element and Nature is most chearful vigorous and durable in the course and method of her own injunctions but being put by thrust out of her own way is not of long duration the Birds cannot live in the Sea nor the Fish upon the Land nor your Nature continue long in an unnatural way against her self Are you composed of natural principles and will you not live conformable to what you are Do you not live by Natures assistance and natural means and do you think to continue long in a Counter-motion against the nature of your Composition
abate and suspend the emanative vigour and activity of the Soul equally distributed geometricè amongst the several faculties as the spring of their motion and actions from which abatement and depression of their power the functions are not discharged so exactly vigorously and unblamably but more or less according to the aggravation or intention and remission of those Causes Now as the Spleen is more eminently the seat of that passion and commonly a part most apparently injured leading the rest into disorder We shall appoint such a government or prudent election and modification of such things comprised in the Diaetetick part of Physick as may best sute with such a condition of body The melancholy splenetick person whose digestive faculties are debilitated must feed more tenderly and nicely than another else that flatulency and oppression which commonly does attend this condition of body will be aggravated and much more molesting For by a gross and plentiful feeding are those evils increased Let not your common dyet be of such Meats as are hard and difficult to digest that lie long upon the stomach and require a strong incising ferment for separation and transmutation as Meats long salted dryed fryed or broyled c. but keep to such as are light and of facil digestion that soon yield in fermentation and are transmuted without great labour and trouble Meats thus distinguished you will find set down in the 54 55 and 56. pages preceding where you may make Election If you have a hot and dry costive body use Barley-broths with Prunes Rasins and Currans and you may eat sometimes Pippins Pearmains Cherries Respas Strawberries and such like good fruits to cool and moisten Take not a full meal at Supper nor late but eat sparingly And if that be too much as may easily be discovered then forbear Suppers wholly Capers Broom-buds and Sampire are good Sauce they please the Palate quicken the Appetite open Obstructions and help Digestion all which are profitable for this condition of body Also Borrage Bugloss Endive Cichory Baum Fumitory Mary-gold-flowers Violets Clove-gilliflowers and Saffron are of good use Drink Cider sometimes and small White-Wine also Whey if your stomach agrees with it Keep the body soluble your Head will be more free from pains fumes and heaviness Also the lower Region of the Body will not so frequently be disturbed with flatulent rumblings distention and windy eruptions Cherish Sleep it refresheth the spirits pacifies a troubled mind banisheth cares and strengthens all the faculties but tiresome waking in the night is a great Enemy to a melancholy person Fly Idleness the Nurse of Melancholy but exercise often and follow business or recreations Walk in the green Fields Orchards Gardens Parks by Rivers and variety of places Change of Air is very good Avoid solitariness and keep merry Company Be frequent at Musick Sports and Games Recreate the spirits with sweet fragrant and delightful smells Banish all passions as much as in you lies fear grief despair revenge desire jealousie emulation and such like Opus est te Animo valere ut Corpore possis Give not your self to much study nor night-watchings two great Enemies to a melancholy person Refrain Tabacco though a seeming pleasant Companion the phancy is pleased but for a short time and the ill effects are durable SECT XXII Diseases and Passions of the Soul in general MAN is made up of two grand parts Soul and Body the one Active ruling and governing the other Passive obeying and instrumental The one hath its ferenity tranquillity and placidness The other due organization and fabrication But both Soul and Body are subject to disorder discomposure and inaptitude for the regular performance of their Actions and Offices Great discoveries have been made of that Part of Man which presents it self to the eye We have viewed his Fabrick and I may say exactly Witness the excellent Anatomical pieces that are extant wherein are discovered and laid open all the contrivances of this rare Machine But the Spring that sets all on work the intrinsick mover the Soul lies much in darkness and acts as it were behind the Curtain Whose deficiencies and aberrations are little taken notice of except in the irregularities of passion and then only in relation to divine and moral rectitude And therefore in our Physical Discourses I find the Body to be accused of infirmity and failing throughout the Catalogue of Diseases and that the indisposition of Organs to act is the sole or main cause of the irregularity and deficiency of the Functions And that the hability of the Soul to act ad extra does depend wholly upon the capacity and aptitude of the instrumental parts But I am otherwise perswaded to believe and from no small reasons That as there is great difference of Souls in divine and moral goodness why not then in natural abilities and integrity relating to health and sickness And therefore it is very rational to assert that many defects or disorders in the Functions and ruinous decays of the Body does arise and spring forth from the pravity and debility of the Soul by its lapsid nature And that the first motions ab intra or emanations of the Soul are and may be infirm and vitious when the Organs are in their rectitude and aptitude for regular motions But to clear this out and prosecute it to the full I must ravel into the whole Doctrine de Anima and assert contrary to the old Philosophy which will be found very erroneous but that will take up a whole Tract too big for this place and must be the work of another time Therefore I pass on Passions of mind may be considered either in relation to what is divine moral or natural Passions respecting the two first are either good or evil as their object does distinguish them but in the latter they are ill and produce bad effects as they are in degree more or less turbulent violent and durable What concerns the Passions in the two former respects is not our business in hand but as they stand in relation to Health and Sickness what disorders they produce in the regular oeconomy of the Body how the Functions are depraved debilitated or suspended by them is our task now The Diseases or infirmities of the Soul most visible are the perturbations and passions wherein the Soul is put by her genuine state of sanity placidness and serenity and that aequanimous distribution of her energy into the Members and Parts of the Body and from thence much altered disordered and disproportioned Passions draw off the Soul from exercising and executing the functions of the Body For whereas the power of the Soul is equally or proportionably divided into all the faculties in her natural placid state of government On the contrary when Passion is predominant much of that power is drawn away and expended in the prosecution and support of this Passion Passions put the spirits upon several motions sometimes contract them as in Grief Fear or Despair
the extremity and strength of passion debilitate and suppress Reason the chief contriver and manager of your design puts you upon inconsiderate immature and rash attempts and makes you more unfit incapable and unable to effect your purpose for Passion is always spurring but Reason hath its stops and pauses keeps due times for onsets and progress Thirdly That prudent and vigorous action not inane hungry volition or thirsty desire though ever so great can acquire the satisfaction of your hopes Fourthly That the ardency and heighth of desire will not imbetter sweeten or add to the heighth of your enjoyment but rather abate and lessen it in your account and esteem for what thing soever you purchase and are mistaken and deceived in you will not value at that rate you first prized it but at the worth you now find it Vehement and lofty desires screws you up to such a heighth of expectation mountain high but you must descend into fruition that 's low as the valley and when you find your self in a bottom and your Sails not so filled and puft out as formerly by the fresh gails and blasts of a strong desire your top sails then begin to flap and flag when you come in to the still calm of fruition and your lofty spirits and high thoughts will lowre amain when you Anchor in the Harbour of Enjoyment for in appearance it was great when at a distance and seemingly but now you are come nearer it is much less and inconsiderable really and what swelled you full in the prosecution of attaining will not fill you now with satisfaction but prove aery when you grasp it and soon emptied in enjoyment Non ea jam mens res habenti quae desideranti erat Fifthly That statutum est it is appointed you must or you must not obtain the thing desired which to a rational creature is sufficient without other Arguments to qualifie moderate and blunt the keen edge of desire and curb the violence of an impetuous affection but not to cowardise daunt or stop a laudable active prosecution to attain a noble vertuous and lawful end with a moderate submssiive desire Quisquis in primo obstitit Repulitque amorem tutus ac victor fuit Sen. Melancholly Grief and Despair These Passions being near allied we may rank them together as the Companions and Attendants upon adversity and misfortunes whose properties are to rob and steal away from the Soul that vivacious enlivening power which roborates and quickens all the faculties in the Body When these Passions are predominant the energy of the Soul is abated and all the functions insufficiently weakly and depravedly performed A dark Cloud of Melancholy over-spreading the Soul suffocates and choaks the Spirits retards their motion and agility darkens their purity and light these instruments in each faculty being thus disabled their offices in every part of the body are faintly executed whereby the whole body decays and languisheth witness the common symptoms of a dejected sad condition a pale thin face heavy dead eyes a slow weak pulse loss of appetite weakness faintness restlesness a weight or compression about the region of the heart with continual sighing or palpitation these are the effects wrought in the Body by Melancholy and Grief which are to be avoided as great decayers of Nature Enemies to Beauty Health and Strength Hope and Joy But these are the recreations of the Soul and are as sanative and wholesom as exercise is for the Body for the Soul plays and danceth in hope and joy Embrace therefore and cherish these as the supports of your life which raise the Soul to the highest pitch and extend her energy to the utmost These enlivening affections of the mind are the greatest friends to and preservatives of Health and strength for in this serene state of gladness all the faculties and endowments of soul are advanced and invigorated both rational sensitive and natural which implies a vigorous performance in all the members of the Body and therefore contribute mainly to the keeping or acquiring of Health and consequently the prolongation of life Content and joy prolong youth and preserve beauty make the countenance fresh the Body plump and fat for pleasantness and delight of the soul put all the spirits upon activity quicken their operations and duty in all the functions conveigh nutriment to repair and replenish the utmost borders and confines of the microcosm therefore dum fata sinunt vivite laeti FINIS Advertisement PAins afflicting humane Bodies their various difference Causes Parts affected Signals of danger or safety Shewing their tendency to Inflammations Tumors Apostems Vlcers Cancers Gangrenes and Mortifications for a seasonable prevention of such fatal Events With a Tract of Fontinels or Issues and Setons By E. Maynwaringe Doctor in Physick Printed for Henry Bonwick in St. Pauls Church Yard Bookseller Morbus Polyrhizos Polymorphaeus A Treatise of the Scurvey Examining the different Opinions and Practice of the most solid and grave Writers concerning the nature and Cure of this Disease With instructions for prevention and Cure thereof By the same Author The fourth Edition Tabidorum Narratio A Treatise of Consumptions Scorbutick Atrophies Tabes Anglica Hectick Feavers Phthises Spermatick and Venereous wastings radically demonstrating their nature and Cures from vital and morbifick Causes By the same Author The Mystery of the Venereal Lues Gonorrhaea's c. disclosed comparing the dissenting judgments of most eminent Physicians hereupon and the various methods of Cure practised in Foreign Countries Resolving the doubts and fears of such as are surprized with this secret perplexing Malady By the same Author desperati ne desperent assiduè tentando deploratos saepè curando certiùs tutiusque sanamus Medicus Absolutus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Compleat Physician qualified and dignified the rise and progress of Physick Historically Chronologically and Philosophically illustrated Physicians of different Sects and Judgments distinguished the abuse of Medicines imposture of Empericks detected c. By the same Author Praxis Medicorum antiqua nova The Ancient and Modern Practice of Physick examined stated and compared the Preparation and Custody of Medicines as it was the primitive custom with the Princes and great Patrons of Physick asserted and proved to be the proper charge and grand duty of every Physician successively c. By the same Author
the several kinds p. 83. Wheat bread Oat Rie and Barly Bread their difference in goodness ibid. conditions required in good bread p. 84. when to be eaten ibid. Rice Beans and Pease their nature and use p. 84 85 SECT XI Of Roots Herbs and Flowers for Food their Qualities and right use p. 85 Of Carrots Turneps Parsneps and Potato's p. 85 86. of Raddish Sparagus Artechocks Cabbage Colewort and Colleflower p. 86 87. of Spinage Sage Lettuce Parsly and Rosemary p. 87 88. of Purslane Burrage Bugloss Sorrel Burnet and Succory p. 88 89. of Spear-Mint Clary Tansy Marygold Flowers and Penny-royal p. 89 90. of Violet leaves Thyme Savory and Marjerome their virtues p. 90 91 SECT XII Of Fruits Alimental and Medicinal distinguished and advised p. 92 Fruit the primitive food ibid. now used for divertisement ibid. in eating fruit what to be observed p. 93. the wholesom and unwholesom use ibid. five kinds of Fruit Apples Pears Plums Berries Nuts p. 94. divers sorts of Apples ibid. differing in colour figure smell magnitude and tast p. 95. distinguished best by tast ibid. Rules in eating fruit p. 96. of Pomegranates Citrons Lemons and Oranges p. 97. of Pears their qualities p. 98. of Plums Apricocks Peaches Damsons Bullace Prunes Dates Figs Horse Plums Wheat Plums p. 98 99 100. of Berries Strawberries Raspas Ribes or red Currans Gooseberries Barberries Mulberries Cherries Grapes Raisins blue Currans p. 100 101 102 103. of Nuts Walnuts Filberds Haselnuts Almonds Chestnuts Pistaches Pine-nuts p. 104 105 106. SECT XIII Of Drink the several sorts their Properties declared with Rules and cautions in drinking ibid. The intentions and use of Drink p. 107. in Drink three things chiefly to be considered ibid. the sorts of Drink Water Wine Beer Ale Cyder Perry Meath or Meatheglin Mum Brandy Aqua-vitae Coffee ibid. Water the primitive Drink ibid. a wholesom Drink p. 108. difference of Water Spring River Rain Well Pump-Water Lakes Ponds Pits p. 109 110 111. Wine its goodness p. 112. the hurt from Wine ibid. difference of Wine p. 112 113. of Sack White Wine Claret and Rhenish p. 113 114. Greek Wine Muskadel Tent p. 115. of Cyder and Perry p. 115 116. of Beer and Ale p. 116 117 118. of Metheglin and Meath p. 119. of Mum and Coffee p. 119 120. of Brandy Usquebath and Aquavitae p. 120 121. of warm Drink p. 121 122 123. Quantity of Drink regulated p. 123. intemperate drinking hurtful p. 124. Drunkenness a disease p. 125 126 127 128. pretended benefit p. 129. the ill effects of Drunkenness p. 130 131 132 133 134. provocations to drinking p. 134 135. advantages by drinking p. 136 SECT XIV Exercise and Rest regulated and appointed promoting sanity and vivacity p. 137 Exercise contributes to Health and long Life ibid. the ways and means of procurement p. 137 138 139. variety of exercises p. 139. exercise how to be chosen p. 139 140. observations and cautions in exercising 140 141. advantages by exercise p. 141. Rest necessary to Health ibid. due times for it p. 142. sluggish life to be avoided p. 142 143 SECT XV. Sleep and Watching limited and cautioned p. 143 Mans life spent in sleep and watching ibid. both requisite to Being p. 144. sleep what it is ibid. the benefits thereby ibid. sleep regulated in Time Limits Place and manner p. 144 145 146. Beds and Bed-Chambers how to be ordered p. 147. posture of lying p. 148. composure of mind p. 149. SECT XVI Evacuations and Retentions bounded for preservation of Health ibid. The order of nature in excretions and retentions p. 149 150. excretions various 150 from whence proceeding ibid. the ways of conveyance ibid. the benefits thereby ibid. the damage by their irregularity p. 150 151 152. excretions by stool by urine menstrual purgations spermatick issuing by the Pores by the Nose and Ears appointed their due order p. 151 152 153 154 SECT XVII The four Constitutions or different variation of Bodies distinguished p. 154 Dissent about the difference of Bodies ibid. the Galenists opinion p. 154 155. Chymical Philosophers theirs 155. the Authors sentiment of constitutions p. 156. variation of Bodies whence p. 156 157. constitutions how to be understood p. 158 159. Diaetetick rules give way to individual propriety p. 160. Diaetetick regiment to be observed p. 161 SECT XVIII The Sanguine Constitution or purest State of Body how generated and preserved p. 162 Sanguine Constitution whence it ariseth ibid. alimentary juices how degenerated ibid. sanguine person why more fresh temperate and lively p. 163. how preserved in this condition ibid. what forbidden p. 164. what to be elected and where to be found ibid. SECT XIX The Phlegmatick Constitution managed for a reduction p. 165 What it is and how discerned ibid. whence it ariseth p. 166. how to be reduced ibid. fit diet appointed p. 166 167. what to refrain as injurious p. 167 168. what to chuse as profitable p. 168. SECT XX. The Cholerick Constitution altered and allayed p. 169 Signs of a Cholerick Constitution ibid. a Diaetetick regiment necessary ibid. what diet to observe p. 169 170. what to abstain from p. 170 171 172. what sauces to use p. 170. what fruits and sallads p. 171. strong drinks how to be used ibid. advice in study sleep exercise Venus and bathing ibid. SECT XXI The Melancholy Constitution directed and governed p. 173 This Constitution how understood ibid. a peculiar Diaetetick regiment necessary ibid. this constitution how introduced p. 173 174. what meats to use what to refuse p. 174 175. broths sauce and fruit proper p. 175. Drinks convenient ibid. recreations to embrace p. 176. what things to avoid ibid. SECT XXII Diseases and Passions of the Soul in general p. 177 The two grand parts of man ibid. Souls differ p. 178. diseases arising from the Soul ibid. visible diseases from thence p. 179. effects of Passions p. 180. their Characters of distinction ibid. Passions distemper the Body p. 181 182. Soul and Body participate in good and evil p. 181. the soul regent the Body passive p. 182. the soul how and when unfit to govern p. 183 184. the effects from that incapacity p. 185 186. government subverted p. 186 187. alarums within the Body p. 187 188. the effects thereof ibid. government neglected p. 188. the effects from thence p. 189 190. Passions disadvantagious to Health p. 190 191. manner how p. 192 193. study and too much contemplation injurious p. 193 194 SECT XXIII Distempers and Perturbations of the Soul particularly p. 195 The effects of Anger ibid. strange alterations in the Body from thence ibid. Anger an inflammation of the whole Body p. 196. of Fear ibid. the effects wrought in the Body p. 197 198. some fear no remedy for p. 197. advice against Fear p. 198. Care a mixt passion p. 199. injurious to the Body p. 199 200. advice against it p. 200. remedy for it p. 201. of Revenge what injuries it exposeth to ibid. Jealousy what it is and the effects ibid. Envy
is that which makes fertile and encreaseth the natural endowments of your mind and preserves them long from decay makes your wit acute and your memory retentive 'T is that which supports the fragility of a corruptible body and preserves the verdure vigour and beauty of Youth 'T is that which makes the Soul take delight in her mansion sporting her self at the Casements of your Eyes 'T is that which makes pleasure to be pleasure and delights delightful without which you can solace your self in nothing of terrene felicities and enjoyments Having cursorily glanced at the excellencies of Health in this short Narrative and Epitome of its worth it remains we should next draw forth and present to your view the doleful condition of sickness and a valetudinary drooping Life shewing you the great difference between that decaying condition and a chearful state of Health which Antithesis will prepare and stir you up to the reasonable strictness of duty make you more cautious and sollicitous for the preservation of your Health and to prize it as the summum bonum your chiefest enjoyment in this Life SECT III. Of Sickness and a Valetudinary State IN the preceding Section having taken a brief survey of natural life in the best estate graced and adorned with the society of health and its great Attendant 〈◊〉 the concomitant benefits priviledges and enjoyments Now take a view of your self when health hath turn'd its back upon you and deserts your company see then how the Scene is changed how you me robb'd and spoiled of all your comforts and enjoyments The want of health makes food to lose its wonted relish and is become disgustful and unsavoury the stomach now refuseth to receive its daily charge no longer able to peform the task but desires a quietus est from the office Sleep that was stretch out from evening to the fair bright day is now broken into pieces and subdivided not worth the accounting the night that before seemed short is now too long and the downy bed presseth hard against the bones Exercise now is toyling and Walking abroad the carrying of a burthen The body that moved so light and readily obeyed the steerage of the Pilot is now over ballac'd with its own weight and slowly tugs as against the stream Conjugal imbraces are now but the faint Offers of love the shadows and representations of former kindness The body that had the magnetism and secret attraction of souls may now be approached without loss or danger of being snared and fettered as a bond-slave The Lily and the Rose that Nature planted in the highest Mount to shew the world her pride and glory is now blasted and withered like long-blown flowers The Eye that flasht as lightning is now like the opacous body of a thick Cloud that rolled from East to West swifter than a Celestial Orb is now tired and weary with standing still that penetrated the Center of another Microcosm hath lost its Planetary influence and is become obtuse and dull The hollow sounding breast that echoed to the chanting Bird and warbled forth delightful tunes now runs divisions with coughing strains and pauses with a deep-fetch't sigh for breath to repeat those notes again The Venal and Arterial Rivulets that ran with vital streams bedewing the adjacent parts with fruitful moisture is now drunk up with parching heat or muddied and defiled with an inundation of excremental humors The want of health converts your House into a Prison and confines you to the narrow compass of a Chamber 't is that which sours the sweetest and most beloved enjoyments 't is that which disunites and breaks the league of copartnership between soul and body alienates and makes them at jarrs discomposes their harmony and makes them weary of their wonted sweet society A sick man is like a Clock out of order and due motion which is of little worth or use so long as it continues in that condition so is Man useless both to himself and others in such a state one Wheel being faulty or defective puts the rest out of order and regularity that depend upon that motion and one part or faculty of Mans body being disordered and irregular several others consent with or share in the discomposure more or fewer as the part is more noble and principal commanding some chief Region of the Body or inferior and of a lower orb or private station The reason of this sympathy and consent of parts is First From the general agent and principle of life which is one and the same throughout the whole Secondly Because all the parts of mans body though they have their peculiar and different motions to themselves and special properties yet they are all concurrent and co-operating co-ordinately or subordinately serving to the general design of Nature and maintenance of the whole body and are so concatenated and linked together in the Oeconomy of office that their motions are dependent and of mutual Concern for each others welfare If the Foot complains the Head is busied for its relief and the Heart suffers until the grief be past and the whole man uneasy until the pain be gone or allayed Thus you see that a diseased valetudinary state is a weary and irksom condition and that Health is the pleasure and contentment of life or rather the life it self Nam vivere non est vita sed valere and since Health is of great value and sickness so deplorable and comfortless I shall shew you how to obtain and preserve the one and how to defend you from the other all which is to be done by the ways and means hereafter following SECT IV. The Method and Means for Preservation of Health HEalth as it is the result of Nature in her integrity and perfection is maintained and kept in that order and due Oeconomy by the regular and right use of those natural supports that our bodies daily require and do depend on in Being as Air Food Sleep Exercise c. Now those things that do necessarily belong and daily attend us ought so to be chosen and managed as does best conduce and sute with the institution of Nature to which they are appointed but if otherwise unseasonably disorderly or immoderately used they then prove pernicious and destructive more or less according to the degree and continuance of their irregularity and incongruousness Nature hath appointed both times and order and set a regular course how and when every thing should be used in its proper mode and season There is a moderation also enjoyned and limits prescribed by Nature in the use of these things which if we exceed and run into excess we then put Nature out of her mediocrity and equality in which course she cannot long continue and that continuance also with much trouble to us by bodily diseases and infirmities the usual and frequent consequents of such irregularities The Body of Man is as a curious Engine or Clock-work moving with divers Wheels and various internal motions subordinate to
trepidation of Members Thus you see the inconveniences and mischief that follows intemperate drinking but to promote this irregularity and great folly the rare Invention of Healths contributes not a little to the pouring down of strong liquor and makes them so earnest in remembring the health of others that they quite forget their own and are then very active to destroy it quite forgetting that drinking of Healths and healthful drinking are two things and inconsistent But drinking together is the signal of Friendship and to be made Drunk is the Character and Memento of a generous and hearty entertainment for most commonly drinking concludes the Feast when nature hath been tempted with varieties and perhaps over-charged therewith to add yet more weight the next folly is to fall upon drinking to inebriate and disturb the spirits to vitiate the fermentation and precipitate the meat out of the stomach before digestion be finished by a Floud of liquor that if you have escaped a surfeit of eating you shall not go away without a mischief by Drinking and thus your good Dinner is spoil'd and instead of being bettered by it you are the worse and your Friends kindness proves your prejudice Thus to the necessary uses of Drink appointed by nature we have invented other designments and made Drink to serve for pleasure profit wantonness and debauchery so that Drink which should help to support nourish and maintain the strength and vigour of nature is made an unhappy instrument to abuse and injure the Body by perverting and disordering the regular oeconomy thereof But instead of satisfying thirst and refreshing of nature some pour in a flood of liquor to drown the faculties and extinguish vitality and many their are that account it a pleasure to sop their souls in drink and some have drowned themselves by such intemperance The Cattle drink to satisfie thirst and then leave of drinking some men indeed do not drink like beasts but make themselves Beasts by drinking for being thereby deprived of their reason they act like to Brutes But of Drinking and Drunkenness we have reckoned up the evils we will not be so partial to smother the benefits but take all with you Drinking advanceth the revenue of excise and custom It makes Barly to bear a good price and helps the Farmer to pay his rent It keeps the Physician and Apothecary in employment and doubtless it adds considerably to their business Lastly It maintains a tap trade and too many live well by it Now whether Drinking ought to be promoted to forward these advantages and answer such ends with the destruction of Health abbreviation of Life and debauching the People I leave you to judge Drink for necessity not for bad fellowship especially soon after meat which hinders the due fermentation of the stomach and washeth down before digestion be finished but after the first concoction if you have a hot stomach a dry or costive body you may drink more freely than others or if thirst importunes you at any time to satisfie with a moderate draught is not amiss SECT XIV Exercise and Rest regulated and appointed promoting sanity and vivacity THat Exercise and due Motion seasonably used contributes to the preservation of Health and prolongation of Life will appear if we consider the great benefits that are procured by it First In general exercise raiseth the spirits and puts them upon vigorous action in all the Faculties Secondly It empties the stomach and promotes the appetite for the next meal the remainders after digestion that accumulate to clog the stomach are moved by Exercise and excited to pass away and being thus discharged of those relicts the appetite grows sharp and craves food very strongly Thirdly Exercise provokes expulsion of Excrements and suffers not any superfluous matter to lodge in the body For by the turgid motion of the spirits the common ductures and conveyances are dilated and expanded which together with the agitation of the body gives a ready and free passage to any feculent or excremental matter that ought not long to be retained Fourthly Exercise opens the Pores and gives a free transpiration which otherwise by too much rest are occluded and shut up contrary to the intention of Nature having appointed these vents and secret ways of evacuation to ventilate and cleanse the habit of the body which in a short time would be very foul and impure by congestion of superfluous humours if not purified and transpired by these exhaling Ports Fifthly Exercise promotes and adds much towards the nutrition of the body For this we find generally that active stirring people are more fresh in countenance more vegete and lively in spirit more firm and solid in flesh and stronger in their limbs than other persons that live a sedentary idle and sluggish life And that it should be so there is good reason in as much as exercise gives a free passage for nutriment to arrive at every member and part of the body and also excites the Archeus or ruling principle in each for a more vigorous assimilation and likewise does expedite and send away the superfluities of every digestion all which promotes and sets forward a good nutrition Exercises are various and commonly chosen as each person phansies or the Company invites as Dancing Running Ringing Tennis Hand-Ball Foot-Ball Riding Fencing Bowling with many others some whereof are purely pastime as those named others are necessary labours as Digging Sawing and such like Exercise is to be chosen such as sutes best with the Nature of each persons body Some require exercising of upper parts most others of the lower parts and some equally both those Exercises which generally are advantagious in using and stretching all the parts and which I prefer before others are Tennis Hand-Ball Fencing and Ringing Yet I would not impose upon any contrary to their inclination for in these cases that which is most delightful will probably prove most beneficial Observations and Cautions to be remembred in exercising are such as these 1. Exercise daily in the Morning chiefly with an empty stomach always and after excremental evacuation if you can procure it 2. Vary exercise according to the condition of your body and season of the year the stronger phlegmatick bodies and in cold Weather admit of stronger and swifter motions Cholerick hot bodies weak and the Summer season more mild and gentle 3. Be not violent in exercise nor continue it longer beyond a pleasure but desist with refreshment not a lassitude and weariness 4. Put on some loose garment until your body be cool and setled in its natural heat and temper the Pores being opened by exercise the cold is more apt to enter from whence a greater prejudice than you could expect benefit from your labour or pastime 5. Walk gently after Exercise and settle by degrees no sudden changes are suteable or profitable to Nature 6. Eat not until you be fully reduced to that temper and moderate heat as when you began and when the spirits
not purified by Air or Fire they will contract an ill scent and are then unwholesom to lie in But if every one ought to be thus careful of their own Beds they constantly lie in themselves you may easily then imagine how Travellers are exposed to the injuries of noysom Beds Your Chamber also ought to be kept clean and sweet which is conducing to your Health I do not mean often washing it for that brings an unwholesom damp and ill scent into a room especially a Bed Chamber and the Bed-Cloths do imbibe and receive in the moist vapour which must do some prejudice except it be in the heat of Summer hot dry and clear weather and the Windows opened to dry it soon and very well again but to do this in Winter in cold wet or foggy weather is an unwholesom ill custom but some Women are so tyed up to their old usage and fashions that no reason will prevail nothing but a sic volo and sic jubeo will keep off the washing Sweeping brushing and rubbing and searching often all the holes and Corners will keep a House but chiefly Bedchambers in such order for decency and cleanness as will answer all the intentions of washing and is not so offensive nor troublesome But air your Chamber daily by opening the Windows if the weather be dry and not thick or foggy As for the manner of posture or decumbiture the body must lie easie or sleep will be disturbed the head elevated a foot and half or two foot higher than at the Beds feet and from Head to feet the Bed to lie smooth and even and not a fall below the Pillow and hollow under the back as commonly Compose the other parts as best likes every person but lie not upon the back or constantly upon one side but by turns and first on the left side and be covered according to the Climate and Season of the Year The mind also must be in a good posture for sleep well composed and setled when you are in Bed or that will break off your sleep before due time and defraud you of your nights rest if you lie down with roving troubled thoughts they commonly will call you up before it is fit to rise and your sleep will not be so placid and refreshing Therefore when you lay by your cloaths lay aside also your business care and thoughts and let not a wandring phancy prevent your rest or awake you before due time SECT XVI Evacuations and Retentions bounded for preservation of Health ALL that the body receives is not fit to be retained our food though choicely pickt and temperately used yet all does not turn into the substance of the body but some part is to be separated and sent forth the rest to supply nourish and be assimilated This regular course being continued the body thrives and is in good order but if that which should be evacuated and sent forth be retained or that which ought to be retained be prodigally wasted and injuriously emitted then the body suffers and decays when the regular oeconomy thereof is thus subverted Hinc ingens morborum turba And here we are to consider of the various excretions that Nature does require and is beneficial and of such retentions as are injurious Under this Head is comprised excretions by Stool by Vrine menstrual Purgations Spermatick issuing transpiration by the Pores evacuation by the Nose and Ears of which the former are of the greatest concernment and special care to be had of them Excremental evacuations are various proceeding from the several digestions conveyed out by several Channels and Vents of Natures fabrication which duly evacuated are no small helps to the conservation of health and are the effects of a temperate and regular body The retention of them beyond due time argues discrasy of parts or irregular living and brings much detriment to the body by their noxious impressions and putrid vapours that infect and disturb the body If the Belly be costive and bound up if the Urine be supprest the monthly Courses stopt the Pores occluded and shut up the Soul will be stifled in the Body and the Body polluted and corrupted with its own Excrements and as these are so more or less in degree swerving from rectitude so it fares with the body better or worse And on the contrary if the Belly let pass too soon and forceably before the alimentary part be separated sweeping down both together if the Vrine flows too freely and drains the body If the Female Courses be immoderately current and exhaust the vital stream If the Sperme be involuntarily issuing and daily wasting If the Texture be too lax and pervious the Pores patent and evaporating the damage is as great as the former and as much to be feared as these evacuations are more or less enormous So that nothing but moderation and an even course between these two extreams are conservative of Health and longaevity And that this may be so all your actions and necessary customs must be bounded by mediocrity this is the Golden Chain that ties all together one Link whereof being broken the whole is broken and disunited having a dependence and mutual tye upon each other As the discharging of Nature moderately and seasonably in all her requisite evacuations preserves the body in health and strength so contrarily Immoderate evacuations cause weakness debility of Nature by exhaustion and procure several Diseases Cachexies Consumptions Dropsies c. To keep the body soluble is very good that at least once a day you may not miss to have a stool else the Faeces are hardned the body heated the stomach molested the appetite not so good the head heavy dull and sometimes pained some grosser matter which should go away by siege is brought by the Urinary passage occasioning obstructions all which are very injurious and destructive to Health Seasonable and moderate Venus alleviates Nature and helps digestion but immoderate exhausts the strength by effusion of spirits exsiccates and dries the Body hurts the Brain and Nerves causeth tremblings dulls the sight debilitates all the faculties hastens old Age and shortens Life But of this more at large in my Treatise of Spermatick Consumptions Cibo vel potu repletis superfluè evacuatis sive exercitatis coitus interdicitur Tempus optimum est manè post dormias Hyeme Vere frequentius permittitur Aestate parciús Juvenes sanguinei pituitosi liberalius parcius Melancholici parcissimè biliosi Senes emaciati Menstrual evacuations are proper to the Female Sex and come to them at certain years to some at fourteen or fifteen to others at sixteen or seventeen and then Nature challengeth them monthly as her due except she hath conceived nurseth or being grown old Nature does not require this evacuation And this is of such concernment with them that if this menstrual Flux be not right in the several requisites according to times quantity and quality the whole body oftentimes is disturbed but always some
infirmity or complaint does follow And therefore it much behoveth Women to have a special regard that this course of Nature be regular according to each persons propriety of body for all have them not alike nor is it to be expected and when it happens otherwise a due course is to be taken to reduce them into order and procure them aright This Flux ariseth from a redundance and is granted to Women for conception-sake that they might both nourish the foetus in the Womb and have sufficient to supply their own bodies Therefore when there is no conception Nature hath appointed a menstrual evacuation to spend the over-plus this way during her capacity of having Children and when that time is past Nature takes up and makes no such provision and then this evacuation ceaseth SECT XVII The four Constitutions or different variation of Bodies distinguished THat the Condition Properties and Habit of Bodies do much differ one from the other and also the same Body by time doth vary and alter much from what it was is that which I need not insist on the proof every one almost will confess the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is convinced of this truth But how this comes to pass and the reasons of this difference and variation are not unanimously agreed upon but great dissenting about the matter The Galenists do comprise the diversity of bodies under four Constitutions Sanguine Phlegmatick Cholerick and Melancholick And this they will have to arise from the difference of bodies in mixtion according to the different proportions they receive of the four Elements participating more of some than the other The Chymical Philosophers some of them will have the difference of bodies to assurge out of three Principles Sal Sulphur and Mercury Others increase that number and will have them five Spirit Salt Sulphur Water and Earth But I must not now ingage in the controversie between the Chymists and Galenists or make another party to oppose both but reserve that as more proper for a Polemical Tract This Work being not intended controversal but Canonical I therefore pass on to state the Matter These four terms of Sanguine Cholerick c. although I do not adhere to them in the common acceptation and in every point as the Galenists use them yet they being so familiar and well known to such for whom chiefly this work is intended I shall retain these names with distinction and limitation to serve our present purpose rather than impose new words upon you not so well understood I do not therefore understand by Phlegm Choler c. that every body is composed of these four humours as their constitutive parts resulting from proportionate and disproportionate mixture and combination of the four Elements But that persons may participate of or abound with a degenerate humour and that the succulencies of the body may incline to such a condition affine and analogous or having such properties as that which is assigned to and called Phlegm Choler c. may well be asserted and we may call them by such names But you must also take notice that the degenerate matter in mans body is so various that you must not think to reduce all such depraved Juices exactly to these three heads of Choler Phlegm and Melancholy and if you add twice three more the number would not be sufficient But since there are not peculiar appellations to distinguish all precisely by better have some general terms than none The variation of bodies in relation to Temperament Habit and Constitution does arise immediatè from the variation of digestions and the different products from thence so that one and the same person shall by time be of different constitutions according as the functions of the body are performed well or ill The changing or establishing of Constitutions procatarcticè does depend upon subjection and obedience to the Diaetetick Rules As every one is ordered prudently and regularly or negligently and incongruously shall be disposed to this or that Constitution If a man live idle plentifully feeding indulging himself in raw Fruits and sleeps much this disposeth him to be Phlegmatick that is his digestions shall not be so good and there will be crude relicts abounding such as are called Phlegm If a man be of an active cogitative spirit eager in business giving himself little rest accustomed to Wine and high seasoned Meats This manner of life fires and heats the body the Juices then will not be so mild temperate and balsamick but acrid hot and sharp and this person then may be said to be of a cholerick constitution or condition of body If a fresh sanguine person of a pure wholesom body be oppressed with care and grief live a sedentary life or too much given to study and serious contemplation and feed grosly This course of life shall change and alter the best constitution the sanguine brisk airy person shall by these means be of a dull heavy disposition and sad mind the body also shall degenerate from its purity and the humours become more fixed and feculent The Soul being the great Spring or Wheel that keeps all the functions in motion upon which they do depend primò principaliter as the Fountain of all Vital Actions If this be dejected and taken off its speed the functions are then performed very heavily as if weights and clogs were hung upon them and then the elaboration of food is not well performed nor a pure alimentary Juice produced but a degenerate succus of a heavy oppressing nature not duly fermented by the Spleen dyscrasyed by the preceding Causes from whence a melancholy constitution is begotten and may so be denominated for distinction The diversity of Constitutions being thus understood we may make use of and retain these distinguishing terms at this time to serve the business in hand since they are so familiar by use and easie to be apprehended by such for whom this is intended But although I can close with them in relation to this purpose I am now upon to order and appoint a Diaetetick Regiment for different bodies yet I think them not of that concernment for a Physician to tye himself strictly to their observance in the designment of Cures these notions being too superficial and remote from the quiddity essence and spring of the Disease are but Characteristical and Signal to note how and which way the vital Powers do deviate and swerve from their integrity are but the Producta Morbi the Products and Effects separable and the Disease may remain behind Wherefore I cannot allow them as they are severally injoined in the Methodus Medendi for indications to sute Purgatives electivè and other Medicines to by peculiar appropriations nor concur with some Hypotheses that are founded upon this Doctrine by the Galenists to steer them in their Therapeuticks which indeed runs them upon great errors in the Cure of most Diseases being so nice in temperaments humours and qualities and eying them so much that they
auxiliary for a reduction to the best state at least prevent what may succeed worse and stop the increase And herein it will be no small advantage to know what is assisting and helpful to Nature is this case and what is injurious Meats agreeable and convenient for this condition of body are such as be light and digest well because the Stomachs ferment is not so acute yet if the Stomach covets what is not of facil digestion let it be made savoury and seasoned And then a Phlegmatick raw stomach may better venture upon such But Brawn Pig Goose Duck Water-fowl and such like are not agreeable to a Phlegmatick Stomach Also Eeles fresh Herrings Makerel Lobster fresh Salmon Sturgeon are injurious and difficult to be digested But if you must please your palate drink Wine with these meats for a corrective Let your dyet be warm Meats oftner roast than boyled Butter Oyl and Honey is good for you Mustard Salt and Spices are necessary for your use especially with meats of slow digestion and that abound with much moisture and are apt to clog the Stomach Refuse Milk and Milk Meats Curds new Cheese Butter-milk and Whey Olives Capers Broom buds Sampire are good Sauce also Garlick Onions Leeks in Broths seasonings or Sauces for a relish but not raw Refrain cold Herbs and Sallads as Lettuce Purslan Violet-leaves c. except Sorrel which although cold yet a sharpner of the appetite but freely use Mint Sage Rosemary Time Marjerome Parsley Penny-royal and such hot Herbs Abstain from raw Fruits Apples Pears Plums Cucumbers Mellons Pumptions c. But you may eat new Wall-nuts Filberds Almonds blanched Ches-nuts Fistick-nuts Dates Figs Rasins Drink strong Beer more frequently than small and sometimes Sack Not French Wine if you be Rheumatick Indulge not your self in lying long in Bed or Afternoon-sleeps and too much Rest and Ease they dull the spirits increase flegm and superfluous moisture But frequent Exercise and moderate abstinence in Meat and Drink are great preservatives of your Health Chuse a warm Air and dry Soil remote from Waters the best place for your Abode Hot Baths are profitable seasonable and moderate Venus a friend the former cherisheth the spirits opens the pores for a transpiration and emission of superfluous moisture the latter suscitates and raiseth the spirits alleviates nature and helps Concoction SECT XX. The Cholerick Constitution altered and allayed THE Cholerick Person is more hot and dry than the Phlegmatick eager and precipitate in action froward hasty and angry lean of body and slender the Veins big a hard Pulse and quick of colour pale or swarthy propense to waking and short sleeps subject to Feavers or febrile aestuation upon small occasions That some bodies are in this state and condition is apparent and certain but whether by innate Principles so disposed or otherwise procured and adventitious we will not controvert here but shall proceed as granted that a Diaetetick Regiment well or ill managed shall make this person or condition of body better or worse Wherefore I advise such to these observations Use a cool and moistning dyet most frequently boyled meats rather than rost or baked but fryed or broiled meats never Eat Broths often made with cooling Herbs Rice-milk Cock-broth or Barly-broths with Rasins Currans and Prunes For flesh chuse young tender and juicy as young Beef Veal Mutton Lamb Kid Pork Green-geese Turkie Capon Chickens and such like Observe fish dayes as good dyet and then you may eat fresh Salmon Lobster fresh Herrings Crabs Prauns fresh Cod Thornback Soles Plaise Whiting Smelt Oisters Pike Trout Tench and other fresh fish Eeles not excepted which are unwholesom to others But refrain salt Meats and dryed as Bacon old Ling Haberdine salt Cod pickled or red Herrings pickled Scalops Oisters Anchoves Sturgeon hang'd Beef dryed Tongues and such like Milk and Milk meats are pleasant and good as Custard White-pots new Cheese fresh Cheese and Cream For your Sauces use Verjuce Sorrel Orange Lemmon Apples Gooseberries Currans Prunes pickled Cucumbers as boyled Veal and Greene-sauce rost Veal and Orange boyled Mutton with Verjuce and its own juice rost Mutton and Cucumbers green-Geese and Gooseberries Stubble Goose and Apples Pig and Currants Pork and green-sauce boiled Chickens with Gooseberries or Sorrel-sops Calves feet stewed with Currans and Prunes And your meat thus Cook'd is both food and Physick Take a lawful freedom and please your self with these Fruits Citrons Pomegranats Oranges Lemmons quince Pearmains Pippins Cherries Mulberries Grapes Damsins Bullaces Prunellaes Respass Currans Barberries Strawberries they cool and quench thirst contemperate and asswage hot cholerick humours and give a great refreshment to the parched spirits Eat Sallads of Lettuce Sorrel Purslane Spinage and Violet-leaves they are medicamental aliment but be sparing in Mustard Salt and Spices Butter-milk Whey and Cider allay preternatural heat check the effrenation of Choler and are refreshing to you Refuse the fat and brown out-side of meat also the crust of Bread and be sparing in Butter and Oyl Drink Wine Spirits and strong Liquors but as Physick to refresh and assist a weak stomach and not otherwise Fast not but satisfie the Stomach when it vellicates and calls for meat biting choler must have something to feed on or it will disturb the body Cherish and indulge sleep it cools and moistens but let it not exceed in length which puts Nature by her due times for necessary evacuations Be not too eager and constant in study nor use late sitting up both exasperate this condition of body and make it worse Use very gentle Exercise and be not laborious or toyling but take your ease avoid violent motion for it fires the spirits and heats the body which is very injurious to this Constitution Frequent Venus is most pernicious Cold Baths are profitable and refresh much by cooling the blood allaying the spirits and concentring them Banish anger immoderate care peevishness and fretting which discompose the spirits heat and waste them augment Choler dry the body and hasten old Age. Refrain Tabaco as a very injurious custom it exasperates Choler by heating drying and evacuating dulcid Phlegm which contemperates bridles and checks the fury of acrid bilious humours SECT XXI The Melancholy Constitution directed and governed BY Melancholy Constitution I here understand such a condition of body as is procured and most commonly is the consequent of habituated Melancholy or a melancholy heavy Soul and a discrasied Spleen To pass by the controversies that might arise here from the distinction of melancholy by the Galenists as one of the four constituent humours I shall take for granted on both sides as well Chymists as them that the aforesaid causes do beget such a constitution or condition of body as may well require a peculiar Diaetetick Regiment as an allay or mitigation of those preternatural Symptoms that necessarily follow such Causes at least that they may not be aggravated by an injurious course of living A melancholy studious and sedentary life does much
languisheth with the apprehension of a seeming future evil and the prospect of a dubious impending fate Plura sunt quae nos terrent quà m quae premunt saepius opinione quam re laboramus What if the evil threatned be too great for you to encounter with now yet either your power may be enlarged before it comes or that may be lessened and reduced within the compass of your ability to resist and power to contend with Quicquid humana ope majus est Diis permitte curandum Symmach Care Care is a mixt passion made up of Desire and Fear There is in Care a desire of getting and a fear of losing the anxiety between these two enervates and weakens the strength of the Soul she spends her self in projection to acquire and get and labours continually also under the fear of loss either of that already gotten or of that which is in possibility and likely to be obtained Being thus disquieted and always in an unsatisfied condition the Body is enfeebled and checkt from thriving Meat and Drink will not nourish if they be not changed duly in the digestions and assimilated into the substance of the Body by the energy of a vigorous Soul in a placid state of government not drawn off unseasonably and constantly with perplexing thoughts Always plodding in mind is not good if your purse gains and thrives by it I am sure your body loseth and grows worse The Poet's advice in this condition is good sometimes being discreetly used Nunc vino pellite curas Hor. And another well admonisheth from perplexing your selves with future contrivances and provisions Hodierna cura tantum Quis cras futura novit Anacr An indisturbed free mind not loaded with the thoughts of many years to come but bearing only the burthen of the day holds out much longer and preserves the faculties in strength and vigour but immoderate care and a thoughtful life wear out the faculties much sooner tire the spirits by denying them their due times for refreshment rest and ease disable them from duty and the true performance of their Offices heat and waste the spirits and exsiccate the nutritious juices of the Body which change a fresh countenance into paleness degenerate a good Constitution and pine the Body but most injurious to thin lean and cholerick Persons Those too much thus addicted and cumbred with careful thoughts may sometimes imitate this example for a Remedy Nunc potemus laeti jucunda confabulantes Quae vero post erunt diis sint curae Theog Revenge Jealousy and Envy These Diseases of the mind are as painful Ulcers continually lancinating corroding or inflaming they gnaw and eat like a Cancer taking away the nourishment from food and refreshment from sleep the anguish of these sores renders every thing unpleasant and unserviceable for the welfare and support of the Body so that these sicknesses of the mind make the Body to pine and languish introducing a secret Consumption wasting the Spirits and nutritious moisture and enseebling all the faculties Revenge besides the trouble and disquietness of spirit exposeth a man to a greater mischief than what he hath received Multis se injuriis objicit dum una dolet Sen. Jealousie is a secret tormentor that gauls the mind with continual suspicion and raiseth suggestions that afflict the Soul with anxiety and restlesness Envy is a Wolf in the Breast that must be satisfied or it sucks the blood and feeds upon the vitals This Disease pines and starves a man in the midst of plenty and he withers away in the Sunshine of anothers prosperity Invidus alterius rebus macrescit opimis Hor. These perturbations and Diseases of the mind will not let the body thrive for if that be sick the Body cannot be in health Love and Desire These two although they seldom go alone and desire commonly follows close at the heels of Love yet they may be separated and distinguished thus Love is a delight complacency and suteableness with the thing loved Desire is the longing for or stretching forth of the Soul to obtain procure and bring into enjoyment Desire gives wings to the Soul and seemingly transports and brings her to the thing desired so that all her strength is spent in out-goings and stretchings forth to obtain and join with the object of desire Quò non possum Corpore mente feror Ovid. Love and Desire being inordinate and impetuous seldom goe alone but are attended with other Passions as Hope Fear Melancholy Despair one or more for their consorts with which the mind is racked and torn and variously affected as the several Passions act their Parts by turns Sometimes Love is bold and venturous at another time cowardly and fearful sometime hoping and sometimes despairing sometimes brisk and sometimes sad and heavy So that the Soul is tossed up and down and filled with the disquietness of successive mixt Passions attending upon Love and Desire Nor is the Soul only disturbed and hurried away by this Passion of Desire but the Body also is restless and unquiet going from one place to another being not satisfied Here turns away hoping to find more content There Desire is very sollicitous and troublesom and importunate at unseasonable times so that the bed does not give rest and quiet sleeps but is tossing and turning there from side to side and when up cannot stand still or sit still this thorny desire is always spurring on from one place to another but which way to take this giddy Passion cannot well resolve notwithstanding these perplexities the doubts and difficulties of obtaining the Soul is led away with an ignis fatuus of fervent zeal deserts her own mansion the Body and follows after with an eager prosecution of enjoying never at home but as a Prisoner and Prisoners are but bad House-Keepers the body needs must languish and decay when the Soul thus delights and strives to run away By the continuance of these Passions interfering and complicating with each other the regular oeconomy and tuition of the Body is neglected that decays grows lean and consumptive the face grows pale the appetite abates and sleep departs or is but short and interrupted with troublesom dreams and wakings the vigour and strength of the faculties is spent in desiring and by the disquietness of the other attending Passions For a remedy and check to the impetuousness of this inordinate affection and immoderate desire take these considerations to calm allay and regulate your passion First That you cheat your self in setting too high a price upon the object of your affections and you lay out more in expectation than the income of your desire if obtained can possibly make a return that it is far greater in non habendo than it will be in fruendo it will be much less when you have than it seems to be now you have it not Secondly That the Delirium and fervency of your desire does not hasten the accomplishment of your aims but rather retard or frustrate for