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A29856 Cursus osteologicus being a compleat doctrine of the bones according to the newest and most refin'd notions of anatomy : shewing their nature, substance, composition, manner of ossification, nourishment, &c. ... : to which is annex'd by way of appendix, an excellent method of whitening, cleansing, preparing, and uniting the bones, to form a movable skeleton ... / by Robert Baker, Chirurgeon. Baker, Robert, Chirurgeon. 1697 (1697) Wing B515; ESTC R16777 48,840 142

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Eye there 's one on each side It s use seems as if ordain'd by Nature for the defence of the Temporal Muscle which passes under it it also gives Origination to the Musculi Masseteres Demonstration III. Of the Bones of the Face IF the structure of the Bones of the Cranium be worthy our Admiration the Composition of the Bones of the Face which now comes under our view is no less surprizing for although that contains the Brain which is one of the most Noble Parts of the Body yet the Face where most of the Senses are lodged and for many Reasons may be call'd the Image of the Soul since most if not all the Passions of the Mind are fully demonstrated in the Face cannot merit less especially in the wonderful structure of the Bones which compose it The Face is also the Seat of Beauty which Charms and Attracts the Eyes of all to behold it and nothing contributes more to this Beauty than a good Formation and true Symmetry of the Bones Ex. gratia if the lower part of the Coronal Bone bunch out too much it makes them Beetle brow'd as we call it If the Bones of the Nose be too large and rising from the Face it makes them Hawk-nosed If the lower Jaw be too sharp or pointed it makes an Out mouth and so of the rest yet we may say the same of the Bones of the whole Body they giving as I have said Shape and Figure to all so that if they be any way deform'd or unproportioned that part must of necessity be disfigured The Bones of the Face are divided into those of the upper and lower Jaw The Bones of the superior Jaw are eleven in number five on each side and an odd one The Ossa Triangulares are big of a hard and solid Substance in Figure triangular wherefore so call'd plac'd on the lower side of the outward Canthus of the Eye 's Orbit the middle are advanced out and rising which forms the Balls of the Cheeks One of their Angular Processes as I said before makes up the Os Jugale being join'd with the long Process of the Temple-Bone they also make the inferior part of the Orbit of the Eyes and is united to four Bones viz. the Coronalis Sphenoides Maxillary and Os Petrosum They have three Apophises each one of which makes an eminence which forms the lesser Angle of the Eye the other advancing towards the Nose makes the greatest part of the inferior Lip of the Orbit the third may well be call'd Processus Jugalis which I have already mentioned The Ossa Lachrimalia seu Vnguis are very little and thin in shape of a Nail of a Man's Hand seated in the great Canthus of the Eyes within the Orbit there 's a small Foramina in each call'd Lachrimale in which the Lachrimal Duct passes to the Nose also through this hole passes a Branch of the fifth pair of Nerves to the inner Membrane of the Nose These Bones are so small that they be easily lost The Ossa Male some call them Maxillares are the thickest greatest and spongiest of all the Bones of the Face and makes up the greatest part of the Cheeks and Palate Parts to be consider'd in these Bones are first many deep Cavities which are in their lower edge call'd Alveoli or Sockets in which the Teeth are fastned Secondly each has an Internal Sinus which is lin'd with the same sort of Glandulous Membrane as the Sinus Frontalis and of the same use and is call'd Sinus Maxillare There 's also another long one which runs along over the Roots of the Teeth in which the Vessels pass which serve for the Nourishment of the Teeth The Ossa Nasi are two long hard and somewhat thick Bones of a Pyramidal Figure each being join'd they make up the bony or superior part of the Nose their lower Extrmities are somewhat unequal for the more strong Connexion of the Cartilages of the Nose with it they are join'd together by Harmonia The last pair are call'd Ossa Palati are very broad but thin and being join'd by Harmonia make up the Roof of the Mouth they are join'd to the Ossa Maxillares forwardly and backwardly sideways to the Pterygoid Apophisis by the Sphenoidal Suture Each Bone has a hole forwardly call'd Foramen Gustativum The eleventh Bone of the upper Jaw is call'd Vomer by reason the Antients say it resembes a Plough-share it 's situated in the middle over the Palate edgeways and is as it were a sort of Septum dividing the interior part of the Nostrils Before I pass to the lower Jaw 't will not be amiss to give a Description of the Orbits of the Eyes they are two great Cavities plac'd at the inferior part of the Os Frontis which serve as Habitations to the Eyes and to defend them against all Injuries their external part is quite round but internally they grow Pyramidal having at their bottom many perforations for Vessels c. Each Orbit is made up of part of six different Bones which altogether composes its Cavity Five of which are Common and one Proper which is call'd as I have already demonstrated Os Vnguis vel Lachrimale Of the Common three belong to the Cranium and two to the Face the first of those of the Cranium is the Coronal which forms the superior part the second is the Ethmoidal Bone which forms part of the internal side next the Nose the third is the Sphenoidal which makes up part of the internal Cavity the two of the Face compose all its lower part the Os Triangulare forming that part towards the lesser Canthus and the Maxillare that next the greater The lower Jaw is but one continued Bone in Adults but in young Bodies is composed of two join'd together in the fore-part by Syncondrosis they unite and become one about the seventh Year of a somewhat Circular Figure or rather like the Greek Letter V smooth and polished without but a little rough within several Muscles being inserted and arising from thence This in all Creatures is only moveable except as some affirm in the Crocodile who moves the upper only The Parts to be consider'd in this Bone are its Processes Foramina and Alveoli It has two large Processes at each end the first call'd Condiloides vel Articularis it 's received into the Sinus of the Os Petrosum and fastned there by a strong Membranous Ligament the motion of the Jaw depends on this Articulation the other is call'd Corone which from a large Basis ends in a sharp point it lyes under the Os Jugale the Tendon of the Musculus Temporalis is inserted into it these Processes are in the superior part of the Bone In its inferior part just where it begins to turn up on each side are its Angles to whose outward part the Masseter Muscles are inserted and the Pterygoidei to the