Selected quad for the lemma: soul_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
soul_n	body_n	call_v	natural_a	3,680	5	6.6307	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A48803	The marrow of history, or, The pilgrimmage of kings and princes truly representing the variety of dangers inhaerent to their crowns, and the lamentable deaths which many of them, and some of the best of them, have undergone : collected, not onely out of the best modern histories, but from all those which have been most famous in the Latine, Greek, or in the Hebrew tongue : shewing, not onely the tragedies of princes at their deaths, but their exploits and sayings in their lives, and by what virtues some of them have flourished in the height of honour, and overcome by what affections, others of them have sunk into the depth of all calamities : a work most delightfull for knowledge, and as profitable for example / collected by Lodowick Lloyd ... ; and corrected and revived by R.C. ...	Lloyd, Lodowick, fl. 1573-1610.; Codrington, Robert, 1601-1665.	1653 (1653)	Wing L2660; ESTC R39067	223,145	321

divers places else which is the nature of the ground About Babylon a field burneth day and night In Aethiopia certain fields about mount Hesperius shine all night like stars As for Earthquakes and wonders that thereby happened I will not speak but those strange grounds that never alter from such effects before mentioned beside the mettals the stones the herbs the trées and all other things are miraculous and strange as Pliny in divers places doth witnesse And as for fire it is too great a wonder that the whole world is not burned thereby sith the Sun the Stars the Elementary fire excell all miracles if God had not prevented in kéeping the same from damage and hurt to man yea appointed that the heat of the Sun should not kindle straws stubbles trées and such like where the heat thereof as we daily sée burneth stones lead and harder substances sith especially that fire is in all places and is able to kindle all things insomuch that the water Thrasimenos burneth out in flames which is unnatural and strange that fire kindles in water and likewise in Egnatia a City of Salentine there is a stone which if any wood touch it wil● kindle fire In the Well called Nympheus there is a stone likewise whence come flames of fire the stone it self burneth in the water A greater wonder it is that the fire should be kindled by water and extinguished by wind Fire flashed about the head of Servius Tullius being then a boy in sleep which did prognosticate that he should be King of the Romans Fire shined about the head of L. Marcius in Spain when he encouraged his souldiers to revenge manfully the deaths of those noble and famous Romans named Sipians The marvellous effects of fire are most wonderful and most strange CHAP. XXI Of the World and of the soul of Man with divers and sundry opinions of the Philosophers about the fame AMongst divers Philosophers and learned men grew a great controversie of the beginning of the world some of the best affirming that it had no beginning nor can have end as Aristotle and Plato applying incorruption and perpetual revolution to the same Some with Epicurus thought the world should be consumed Of this opinion was Empedocles and Herachius Some on the other side did judge with Pythagoras that so much of the world should be destroyed as was of his own nature Thales said there was but one world agréeing with Empedocles Democritus affirmeth infinite worlds and Metrodorus the Philosopher conceived worlds to be innumerable Thus hold they several opinions concerning the making the beginning the ending and the numbers of the world What child is there of this age but smileth at their folly reasoning largely one against another in applying the cause and the effect of things to their own inventions And as they have judged diversly of the world concerning the frame and nature thereof so were they as far off from the true understanding of the Creation of man Some grosly thought that mankind had no beginning Some judged that it had a beginning by the superiour bodies And for the antiquity of mankind some judge Egypt to be the first people some Scythia some Thrace some this countrey and some that countrey with such phantastical inventions as may well appear to the most ignorant an error And alas how simple are they in finding out the substance of the soul what it should be where it should be and by what it should be Some say that there is no soul but a natural moving as Crates the Theban Some judge the soul to be nothing else but fire or heat betwéen the undivisible parts others thought it an air received into the mouth tempered in the heart boiled in the lights and dispersed through the body Of this opinion was Anaxagoras and also Anaximenes Hippias judged the soul of man to be water Thales and Heliodorus affirmed it to be earth Empedocles is of opinion that it is hot bloud about the heart so that they vary in sundry opinions attributing the cause thereof either to the fire or else to water either to the earth or to the air and some unto the complexion of the four elements others of the earth and fire others of water and fire some again reason that the substance of the soul is of fire and of the air And thus of approved Philosophers they show themselves simple innocents How ignorant were they in defining the soul of man So far disagréeing one with another that Zenocrates thinketh again the soul to be but a number that moves it self which all the Egyptians consented to Aristotle himself the Prince of all Philosophers and his master Plato shewed in this their shifting reason which both agree that the soul is a substance which moveth it self Some so rude and so far from perfection in this point that they thought the heart to be the soul some the brain How ridiculous and foolish séemeth their assertion to this age concerning the soul and as childishly they dispute and reason again about the placing of the same where and in what place of the body the soul resteth For Democritus judgeth his seat to be in the head Parmenides in the breast Herophilus in the ventricles of the brain Strato doth think that the soul was in the space between the eye brow yea some were so foolish to judge it to be in the ear as Xerxes King of Persia did Epicurus in all the breast Diogenes supposed it to be in a hollow vein of the heart Empedocles in the bloud Plato Aristotle and others that were the best and truest Philosophers judged the soul to be indifferent in all parts of the body some of the wisest supposed that every peece and p●rce● of the body had his proper soul In this therefore they were much deceived in séeking a proper seat for the soul Even as before they erred shamefully and li●d manifestly about the essence and substance of the soul so now were they most simply beguiled in placing the soul as you have heard And now after I have opened their several opinions concerning what the soul is and where the soul is you shall here likewise hear whither the soul shall go after death according to the Philosophers which as diversly vary and disagrée in this as you before heard the diversity of opinions concerning the substance and the place And first to begin with Democritus who judgeth the soul to be mortal and that it shall perish with the body to this agrée Epicurus and Pliny Pythagoras judged that the soul is immortal and when the body dieth it s●éeth to his kind Aristotle is of opinion that some parts of the soul which have corporal seats must dye with the body but that the understanding of the soul which is no instrument of the body is perpetual Tho people called Drinda were of this judgement that souls should not descend to hell but should pass to another world as the Philosophers called Essei which suppose

that the souls of the dead do live in great felicity beyond the Ocean Seas The Egyptians judged with Pythagoras that the souls of men should pass from one place to another and then to enter into another man again The Stoicks are of that opinion that the soul forsaketh the body in such sort that the soul which is diseased in this life and advanced by no vertue dyeth together with the body but they judge it if it be adorned with noble and heroical vertues that it is then accompanied with everlasting natures Divers of the Pagans hold that the soul is immortal but yet they suppose that reasonable souls enter into unreasonable bodies as into plants or trées for a certain space There were again some frivolous Philosophers as Euripides and Archelaus which say that men first grew out of the earth in manner of herbs like to the fables of Poets who fain that men grew of the sowen téeth of Serpents Some again very childishly affirm that there be nine degrées of punishment or rather nine mansions in Hell appointed and prepared for the soul The first seat is appointed for young infants the second for Idiots and fools I fear that place will be well filled the third for them that kill themselves the fourth for them that be tormented with love the fifth for those that were found guilty before Iudges the sixth appointed for strong men and champions the seventh is a place where the souls be purged the eight seat is where the souls being purged do rest the ninth and last is the pleasant field Elisium And to joyn these Legends of Lies of old women with frivolous figments of Poets they likewise affirm the like folly of fiery Phlogeton of frosty Cocytus of the water of Styx of the sloud Lethes and of Acheron with other such whence all Paganical rites and fond foolish observations first grew I mean of fables of Poets and not by the reading of the Holy Scriptures O blind baiards in séeking that which they could never find And as they could prove and say that the body came out of the earth the moysture out of the water the breath of man by the air and the heat of man by the fire so could they not know the worker thereof how wit and wisedome came from God how all things were made by him of nothing This knew they not not that they wanted learning but that they wanted the knowledge of true Divinity They could appoint planets in their several places in their due seats and just mansions as Iupiter in the liver Saturn in the spleen Mars in bloud Sol in the heart the Moon in the stomack and Venus in the reins but they could not agrée in appointing a place for the soul They could likewise appoint seats for the bodies superior in man as the Ram in the head the Bull in the neck and the Crab in the brost the Lion in the heart and the Fish in the foot and so others but they could in no wise find a seat for the soul Truly is it said that God revealeth wisedome unto Babes and hideth the same from the Sages of the world Hence groweth the beginning of all Heresies according to the proverb The greatest Philosophers the greatest Hereticks Hereby I say grew almost the invention of Philosophy coequal unto the verity of the Gospel and therfore Paul the Apostle cryeth upon all men to take héed of flattering Philosophers If in this place I should shew their opinions concerning our God and Creator I should séem tedious For Diagoras and Theodorus affirm that there is no God Epicurus judged that there is a God but that he had no care over earthly things Thales said that God was a mind which made all things of water Cleanthes supposed God to be the air onely Alcineon judged the Sun the Moon and the Stars to be onely God Parmenides maketh God to be a continuall circle of light which is called Stephanen Crisippus nameth God a divine necessity Anaxagoras supposed God to be an infinit mind moveable of it self so doth Pythagoras likewise judge yea Aristotle imagined God to be a proper nature as the world or the heat of the heavens or the divinity of the mind which either of these thrée he nameth God and so infinite are they that so simply conceive the majesty of the Godhead that far wiser had they seemed unto us by silence therein then by uttering such fond fantastical opinions wherein their too much folly and errour is to all men evident CHAP. XXII Of worshipping of Gods and religion of Gentiles NUma Pompilius the second King of Rome being studious to draw the ignorant and rude people to some profession of religion was the first that appointed sacrifices to Jupiter to Mars In Rome he elected Virgins to Vesti and appointed certain orders in chusing of the same None by the law of Numa might be taken under six years old and none above ten to be a Vestal Virgin which virgins should be thirty years religious and vowed to Vesta of the which thirty years the first ten years they should learn the order and fashion of the sacrifices and religion of the Goddesse Vesta The second ten years they should sacrifice and imploy the ceremonies with rites and honours belonging to Vesta The third ten years they should as grave matrons learn the others late chosen to be perfect in the rites and ceremonies of Vesta then if any of them would marry they might after thirty years continuance so do If any of these Vestal virgins were convicted of whoredome the law was that in open sight of the City of Rome she should be brought to the gate called Collina and there alive be burned Again if the fire at any time in the Temple had gone out by any means their kéepers with scourges should whip and scourge them almost to death The same Numa to make the people more religious appointed twelve men called Salii with painted garments singing verses in the praise and commendation of Mars with soleman dancing and playing round about the City Amongst other sacred orders he made certain priests called Feciales these punished effendours these revanged the wrongs done to Ambassadours these redressed all injuries offered and committed within the City of Rome these Priests appointed rites and ceremonies made sacrifices to the Goddesse Bona Dea in a Temple erected upon mount Aventine here might no men come to do sacrifice but all women Of this Goddesse Bona Dea doth Cicero make oft mention in divers of his orations and invectives made against divers pernitious and wicked Citizens as Catelin Clodius and others There was in Rome another kind of religion dedicated to Flora the sacrifice whereof was called Floralia This Flora as both Livius and Dionisius do report was a common strumpet which for that she made the whole City of Rome her heir being wealthy at her death she was therefore thought to be of the Romans the Goddesse of fruits and was honoured of

delighted in Barbers and next to him was Augustus Caesar successor of Julius Caesar Besides these countries and famous kingdomes divers others there were that so made of their hair that to observe orders and to avoid the dangers in the wars they did shave divers parts of their head much against their will yet for custome sake the Maxi●s a people in Affrica do use to shave the right side and let the hairs grow on the left Again the people which Strabo called Anases do shave their hair upon their foreheads and yet they make much of the hinder part of the head where they suffer their hair to grow very long The Maceans shave little hair upon the crowns of their heads and yet suffer all their hair to hang down in order about their faces Herodotus in his fourth book doth name a people who are called Machleis and Abantes which for that they be warriours and always in the field face to face with their enemies they shave their hair before and suffer it to grow behind The Euboians likewise did let their hair grow behind upon their backs very long and yet were enforced of necessity to cut it before for fear of the enemies It seemed that either Barbers were scant or not known in those days or else long hair was much set by and esteemed of all men For Sueronius that writ the lives of the Emperors doth report that the Emperor Caligula was wont for envy to those he met to shave their hair off behind knowing well that nothing might molest them so much as to have their hair off for he was so envious that if he saw any that had fair golden hair he would have it off straight with his own hand Beards were so much set by and so estéemed was hair in those days that women were forbidden by the Law of the twelve fables to shave any part of the face to prove whether hair might grow or no. Occasions were ministred to them said they by their long hair and beards to know themselves and the state of their bodies For an old man in the City of Sparta being asked why he did wear his beard so long he answered That in beholding the gray hairs in my beard I may do nothing unséemly nor unworthy of such gray hairs for a good man is always admonished to live vertuously Demonax was known by his beard to be some grave Philosopher by him that demanded of him what kind of philosophy he professed not knowing him otherwise then by his beard The tyrant Dionisius to spight the Citizens of Epidaurus took the golden beard of Aesculapius away out of the temple to move them to greater displeasure At what time Aristippus was brought to Simus house the Phrigian which was so dressed with cloth of Arras and precious hangings that the very floors so gorgeously shined that he could not find in the house a place to spit without some offence he spit in his handkercher and threw it into Simus face who was all bearded he being angry therewith demanded the cause why he so little esteemed him Because said Aristippus I saw not in all the house so f●ul a place as that which should have béen most clean meaning his beard And though it was merrily done of Aristippus yet it was not so merrily thought of Simus who more estéemed his beard then Aristippus esteemed all his precious cloaths and golden hangings The like did Jeronimus sirnamed Rhetris make of his beard for when I sée said he my beard then I know right well that I am a man and nor a woman and then knowing my self to be a man I am ashamed to do any thing like a woman either in word or déed Much more might be here alledged for the authority of beards and for estéeming of long hair for there is no countrey be if ever so civil but it is addicted to some peculiar qualities neither is there any man be he ever so wise but doth glory in one thing more then in another As the wise man in his wisedome the learned man in his knowledge the ignorant man in his folly the proud man in his person the self-lover in some part of his body more then in other either in his face body leg middle foot hand or hair and specially many do make much account of their beard combing decking handling and setting it in order always But because people are mutable and full of change and that time altereth all things we will no further procéed in this though men may mis-judge of others concerning their long hair and beards yet I say judgement is not safe in this point for it may be that they prefer the country Poet Hesiodus before the warlike and eloquent Homer as Panis King of Calcides or as Mydas did judge Pan the Piper before Apollo the God of Musick Hard it is to judge of men whether the bearded man or the beardless man is to be preferred whether the long hair or the short hair most to be esteemed for under strange habits are concealed hidden qualities and under a ragged cloak as the Greek proverb is lyeth wisdome as secretly as under a Velvet gown CHAP. XXIIII Of divers and sundry fashions of burial amongst the Gentiles THe ancient Egyptians weighing the shortnesse of mans life little esteeming the time did provide such sepulchres against they died that they accounted their graves an everlasting habitation Wherefore in life time they studied how to make such gorgeous graves as should be perpetual monuments after death Insomuch that thrée hundred and thréescore thousand workmen were twenty years in building a huge and stupendious work to bury their bodies which for the bignesse thereof was counted one of the seven wonders named at this day the Pyramides of Egypt Pliny saith that thrée Pyramides were made in Egypt betwixt the City of Memphis and Delta And King Ceopes as Herodotus affirmeth began to make the first and as Diodorus saith his brother Cephus began the second and the third King Mycerinus as both Herodotus and Diodorus do affirm Some say that Rhodope a harlot being married to King Psamneticus and left a widdow did make third Pyramide but to this effect they were made as common sepulchres to receive dead men as guests to dwell always therein with such ceremonies first that being dead they filled the scull of his head with swéet odours and then they opened his body with a sharp stone of Aethiopia which the Egyptians have for the purpose and purged it and then having embalmed it with fragrant odours and sweet spices they sow up the body which being done they did put it in fine sindon cloth having the likenesse thereof made upon a hollow work wherein they put the body with many other such ceremonies onely to save the body from any putrefaction For they think as the Stoicks so long say they shall the soul flourish and live as the body is unputrified and as the bodies perish so doth the Egyptians beléeve that the souls

decay The Athenians have such care of the dead that being dressed with all kind of swéet odours they put them in such sumptuous tombs and gorgeous graves that the sepulchres are made over with fine glasse The Scythians when their Kings and noble men die they must have to bear them company to the grave one of their concubines and one of their chief servants and one of their friends that loved them best alive they I say must accompany and follow them to the grave being dead The Romans had this custome that if any man of countenance and credit should die his sons and daughters his nigh kinsmen and best beloved friends as Cicero doth write of Metellus did put him in the fire made for that purpose unlesse he were one of the Emperours whose funeral pomp was much more sumptuous for then his body was to be carried to the market or common Hall of Rome on the second day he was to be carried by certain young noble men to Martius field where a great pile of wood was raised much like a Tower and there after much solemnity and ceremonies done he that succéeded him as an Emperour did first put fire to that work and then all men were busie to sée the body burned and when they had burned him to ashes they would let an Eagle flie from the top of some high Tower which as they supposed should carry his soul unto heaven The Assyrians did use to anoint the dead bodies with honey and wax and with study and care did preserve them from putrifaction Such strange order of burial was in India that the women of that country thought there could be no greater fame nor worthier renown then to bee burned and buried together with their husbands The Thracians are much to be commended herein who at the birth of any of their friends children use to wéep and bewail the misery and calamity that man is born to and at the death of any of their friends they rejoice with such mirth and gladnesse that they past these worldly miseries that at the burial of them even when the corps doth go out of the house they altogether say with one voice Farewel friend go before and we will follow after So the corps goeth before and all his friends follow after him with trumpets musick and great mirth for joy that he is gone out of the vale of misery Plato that divine Greek and noble Philosopher made the like laws in Athens that when any of the chief officers should die he appointed that no mourning weeds should be worn there but all in white apparel and that fifteen young maids and fifteen young boys should stand round about the corps in white garments while the Priests commended his life to the people in an open oration then he was brought very orderly to the grave all the young children singing their country hymns and the ancient men following after them and the grave was covered with fair broad stones where the name of the dead with his vertuous commendations and great praise was set upon the stone The like grave the Italians use at this day and divers other countries And as these and others had the like ceremonies to the praise and commendations of the dead so others little esteemed and regarded such things insomuch that the Persians were never buried till Fowls of the ayr and dogs did eat some part thereof The Messagetes thought it most infamous that any of their friends should die by sicknesse but if the Parents waxed old the children and the next kinsmen they had did eat them up supposing that their flesh was more méet for them to eat then by worms or any other beasts to be devoured The people called Tibareni had a custome that those whom they loved best in their youth those would they hang in their age even so the Albans being inhabitants about mount Cancasus thought it unlawfull for any to care for the dead but straight buried them as Nabatheans bury their Kings and rulers in dung-hils The burial of the Parthians was nothing else but to commend them to the birds of the air The Nasomones when they bury their friends they set them in the grave sitting But of all most cruelly deal the Caspians and the Hircanians which kill their parents their wives their brethren their kinsmen and friends and put them in the high way half quick half dead for to be devoured of birds and beasts The fashion and custome with the Issidones a rude people in some part of Scithia as Plini in his fourth book affirmeth is to call their neighbours and friends together were the dead lie and there merrily singing and banquetting they eat the flesh of the dead and make the scull of the dead a drinking cup and cover it with gold to drink withall Again the people called Hyperborei think no better grace for their friends vvhen they be old then to bring them to some high bank of vvater or great rock and thence after much feasting eating and drinking in the middest of their mirth their own friends do throw them down into the water headlong To seek into histories many such burials might be found amongst so many rude and barbarous nations Notwithstanding in divers regions the funerals of the dead are so esteemed that the greatest infamy the severest punishment for any offendour vvas not to be buried this the Athenians used tovvards those that vvere traitors to their country and the Egyptians if any lived amisse he should be carried dead to the vvildernesse to be devoured of vvild beasts The Persians likewise brought the bodies of men condemned to be eaten of dogs The Lybians thought them most worthy of solemn buriall that died either in wars or were killed by wild beasts The Macedonians had great care in burying the dead souldiers in the field Amongst the Gentiles there were certain days appointed for mourning at the death of their friends Licurgus law amongst the Lacedemonians was that they should mourn but eleven days Numa Pompilus decreed that children after their parents death the wives their husbands c. should mourn ten moneths though by the Senatours it was enacted in the wars at Canna that the Romans should mourn but thirty days Amongst the Egyptians they had a custome to mourn after their kings died thréescore and twelve days but generally the most custome was to bewail the dead nine days In some places mourning was forbidden at their burial as at Athens by the law of Solon in Locretia in Thracia in Coos in Lybia and in divers other places The diversity of mourning was such that amongst the Gréeks they shaved their heads and beards and threw them into the grave with the dead Amongst the Lacedemonians when the Kings of Sparta died certain horsemen were appointed to travell over all the whole Kingdome certifying the death of the King and the women in every city did beat their brasen pots and made a great and heavy noise for the soone the Egyptians

him not to throw his carcasse to be devoured of dogs but rather to deliver his body to be buried to his old father Priamus and his mother Hecuba Even so Patroclus appearing in like manner after death to Achilles desired him to bestow upon his body all funeral solemnities Virgil testifieth how Palinurus and Deiphobus appeared to Aeneas the one being his Pylot the other his brother in law Their wandring ghosts never ceased till such exequies were done to them as Aeneas had promised It is thought the Witch Phetonissa of Endor raised the soul of Samuel at the commandment of King Saul to foreshew the end and successe of the battel with the Philistines It is read in Lucan the Poet of a Witch named Erictho dwelling in Thessalia that revived and restored to life a souldier lately dead at the request of Sextus Pompeius to know the end of the wars at Pharsalia One History I must repeat which Plutarch reciteth in the life of Cimon that one Pausanias after he had taken the City of Bizance being in love with a fair damosel named Cleonices a maid of noble parentage he commanded her father who durst not resist him to send his daughter to use her at his pleasure When the maid came he being fast asléep in his bed the Virgin being shamefaced and fearfull did put out the candle and comming in the dark towards Pa●sanius she stumbled at the stool which with the fall suddenly awaked Pausanias from sléep thinking some enemy or mortal foe of his to be there and having his sword hard by slew the virgin But she being so slain would never after suffer Pausanias to take any quiet rest but appeared to him always saying Recompence the injury and wrong thou didst to me by equity and justice Following him as he fled from Bizance to Thrace from Thrace again to Heraclea from Heraclea to Sparta where he famished for hunger Saint Matthew in his seventéenth chapter beareth record that Moses and Elias after they were dead many hundred years before Christs incarnation yet appeared bodily and ghostly on mount Tabor to Christ where they spake and communed with our Lord and Saviour The soul of Lazarus did not onely appear as John saith in his eleventh chapter but came again both body and soul in a true token of our sure resurrection But as the appearing of those sights at Gods appointment were most true so it is most absurd to give credit that the souls of men after death do either by visions or by bodily apparance shew themselves But the Devil is well beaten in experience of things and knoweth best how he may deceive the wisest for he is subtile and crafty If the Mariner doth know when storms and tempests arise if the Physitian judgeth by the Vrine the state and danger of the patient ●f the skilfull Astronomer can many years before exactly foretel the Eclipse of the Sun and Moon in fine if the practised souldier knoweth where the victory will happen no marvel it is that the Devil an old souldier can foreshew things to come and make things apparent of nothing What made Theodoricus to observe the terrible and threatning countenance of Symmachus whom he slew before in a fishes head as in a mirror being brought before him to the table at supper at the which sight he fell for fear into a grievous sicknesse and so dyed the divel What caused one Bessus of whom Plutarch maketh mention in his book de sera numinis vindicta after that he had killed his own father and a long while hidden himself as a murtherer at last being by the devil moved to throw down a swallows nest with his spear and killing the young swallows he was by the company about him misliked for his cruelty to poor birds and taunted of his companions for his tyranny therein But he answered and excused himself saying Why should I not kill those that accu●ed me of my fathers death and cryed out upon me a long time that I should kill my father They which were present being amazed at his talk told the King thereof who caused him to be apprehended and examined by that evidence he confessed the murther These are the suggestions of Devils the shifts of Sathan at all times and in all countreys Paulina the chast wife of Satu●●us a Romane was of such excellent beauty of such noble parentage and of such Godly life that when Decius Mundus a young Knight of Rome who being enamored with her beauty sought sundry means a long time to none effect for neither gold nor treasure could allure this sover and chast Paulina to consent to sin he perceiving how she was bent to temperancy and to renounce all filthy lust gave himself willingly to dye In the mean time the Devil practised a feat with Ida a maid who dwelt in the house with Mundus his father to bring this purpose to passe this maid knowing well the constancy and honest life of Paulina and how religions she was to serve the Goddesse Isis invented this fraud She went and conferred with some of Isis Priests opening the whole matter in secret to them promising a great reward to fain that their God Anubis had sent for Paulina to accomplish love with him This being done by the elder Priests her husband Saturnius was very joyfull that the great God Anubis had vouchsafed to send for his wife she being as glad boasted and bragged of the same amongst her neighbours and went to the temple of Isis where Anubis was worshipped being sent by her husband very brave and gorgeous where the young and lusty Knight Mundus by the advice of the Priests hid himself till Paulina came who embracing her in the dark did accompany with her till he had satisfied his lust all that night Then in the morning the matter being known she rent her hair an cloathes and told her husband Saturnius how she was dealt withal Her husband then declared the whole matter to the Emperor Tiberius who having perfect knowledge by diligent examination did hang the Priests Ida the cause of the mischief commanded the image of Isis to be thrown into the river of Tyber banished Mundus out of Rome So that under the colour and pretence of holinesse divers Matrons and maids have been defloured mens wives daughters abused As Ruffinus testifieth of a certain Priest in Alexandria in Egypt named Tyrannus who used such shifts and practised such ways to have his desire accomplished and his lust satisfied with such women and maidens as he thought good saying that the great God Saturn whose Priest he was sent for them to come to him and there until his wickednesse was known he used under pretence of the great Saturn which was honoured in that City his filthy lust and horrible life We read the like almost of Numa Pompilius that he bare the people of Rome in hand that he had familiar company with the Goddesse Aegeria because he might purchase the more credit and

authority unto his laws and orders These are the works and shifts of wicked men who deceived always the rude people with vain religion and superstitious holinesse whom the Divel the father of lies did bewitch and allure them to beléeve fantasticall visions to be the souls of dead men the Divels appearing themselves like men letting them to understand that they were the souls of such men as they appeared like unto so Romulus the first King and founder of Rome appeared after his death walking up and down by Atticus house to Julius Proculus charging him to erect him a Temple in that place where he walked saying that he was now a God and that his name was Quirinus Remus likewise King Romulus his brother appearing to Faustulus and to his wife Laurentia sometime his nurse complained of his miserable death desiring them to indeavour that the same day wherein he was slain might be accounted among their Holidays for that he was canonized amongst the Gods We read in Lucan how that the souls of Sylla and Marius two famous and renowned Romans were alwaies walking and appearing to men before they were appeased by sacrifice for the Divels made the people believe after the bodies were so buried the souls should have rest by which means Idolatry increased amongst them as you heard a little before What complaint made Hector and Patroclus to Achilles What request made Palinurus and Deiphobus to Aeneas for the burial of their bodies which Homer and Virgil rehearsed Suetonius writing of the lives of the Emperours sheweth how Caligula sometime Emperour in Rome after he was dead being half burned and buried for that he wanted due solemnity of burial appeared in the Gardens of Rome called Lauriani to the kéepers troubling and molesting them very much till his sisters caused him to be taken up and commanded he should be throughly burned and buried There was in Athens by report an excellent fair house set to sale for that no man durst dwell within it for about midnight continually there was heard a great noise and clashing of armour and clattering of chains and there appeared an image or shape like an old man lean and lothsome to behold with a long beard staring hairs and fettered legs This house having a piece of paper upon the door concerning the sale thereof though no man would venter to dwell in it Athenodorus a Philosopher returning from Rome where he abode a long time with the Emperour Augustus Caesar and reading the writing upon the door hired the house and commanded his servant to make his bed in the highest chamber in the house where he setled himself to mark and behold what things would happen being thus in study first he heard the ratling and sound of chains and then he saw an old man beckning toward him to follow the Philosopher went after him with his candle in his hand into an inner court where the image left him alone and vanished Athenodo●●s the next morning caused the rulers of the City to dig up that place where they found divers bones of dead men these were commanded by the Philosopher to be burned solemnly which being burned the house afterward was quiet without either noise or apparition Thus the Divel soweth the séed of superstition and maketh his Angels oftentimes to work miracles what strange works did that conjurer Bileam bring to passe by the means of Divels what wonders wrought that wicked Appolomus by the help of Satan What marvels shews and sights did Simon Magus use by the industry of false spirits what did not Pharaoes sorcerers oftentimes attempt by the perswasion of Devils Mark their end and judge of their life the one breaking his neck and the other drowned in the red sea and so the rest ended their lives miserably too many have béen and I fear are yet that give credit unto such vain illusions and fantastical sights CHAP. XXVI Of Dreams and warnings AMongst the Gentiles dreams were so observed that the vain superstitious noting of the same was the whole trust and hope of their countries and of their own lives when the Kings of India take their rest they were brought to bed with all kind of melody and harmony every day knéeling upon his knées beséeching Morpheus the God of sléep to reveal those things unto their King that should be commodious and profitable to the subjects They thought themselves well instructed when either by Oracles they were perswaded or else by visions suggested King Pyrrhus knew well that his dying day was at hand when he besieged the City of Argos and saw in the market place a brasen Woolf and a Bull which the Argives for memory of things past and ancient monuments had put up for he by an Oracle did understand at what time he should sée a Bull and a Woolf fighting together he should then prepare himself to die Alexander the great after that the Oracle of Jupiter Ammon was pronounced that he should be unconquered he doubted not but to subdue the whole world and so trusting more to the Oracle of Iupiter then the mutability of fortune he took upon him the conquest of all the world attempting nothing at all without some Oracle or dream had warned him thereto For till the great Conqueror Alexander had séen Hercules in his sléep reaching out of the wal his hand promising him his aid and help in his wars he had not so boldly attempted so high an enterprise without fear and dread In the like manner unto Hannibal after long perturbation of mind with great industry study how he might annoy destroy the Roman Empire there appeared a young man of wonderfull beauty who told him that Jupiter sent him as a Captain before him into Italy whereby straight he was encouraged the rather to take the charge in hand hoping therby to enjoy triumphant victory over his enemies Caesar that mighty Prince Monarch the first Emperor that ever possessed Rome thought in his sleep that he committed fornication with his own mother which when it was opened by the Soothsayers and declared that it was the earth that was his mother and that he should suppresse all the Princes of the earth under him he vvas ensiamed thereby to vvars perswading himself that he should be a conqueror over all the world After that the noble renowned Greek Themistocles was exiled from Athens and banished the confines of Greece having done such service and honour to his countrey as Plutarch worthily mentioneth for the subduing of proud Xerxes King of Persia the great enemy of all Gréece being in great peril and danger of life in strange countreys he séemed to see in his sleep a Dragon creeping upward from his belly towards his face and as soon as the Dragon touched his face he was changed as he thought to an Eagle and carried by the Eagle a great way through the Ayr into a strange countrey where the Eagle gave him a golden staff in his hand and so left him

bloud saying these words now Cyrus drink enough of that which thou hast alwaies so long thirsted for Bloud doth require bloud and tyranny will have cruelty Antiochus famed in tyranny brought in subjection Egypt and India with other countries Hannibal excelled all men in tyranny as both Rome and Italy can well testifie To speak of King Philip and his son Alexander the great their tyranny their conquest and bloudy wars it were superfluous as Thessalia Thebes Larissa the Olinthians Phoceans Lacedemonians Athenians Persians Indians and all Asia are witnesse thereto Pyrrhus Antigonus Pompey the great with infinite more bloudy Generals did more rejoyce with tyranny to offend others then with justice to defend their own For the triumphs of cruel Captains are to joy in tyranny the wish and desire of the ungodly tyrant is to destroy all he is thirsty alwaies of bloud hungry continually of murther and slaughter What wished Caligula the Emperour to his own City of Rome onely one neck that with one stroke he might strike it off The difference betwéen a gentle and a goodly Prince and a cruell tyrant is and hath béen alwaies séen King Codrus of Athens how far excelled he cruell Caligula when by an Oracle it was told to the Athenians that they should never have victory during the life of Codrus their King the King understanding of it he cloathed himself like a common souldier nay rather as the history saith like a poor beggar and went into the midst of his enemies to be slain to save Athens How much did noble Curtius and famous Decius surmounted that cruell L. Sylla and that wicked imp C. Marius they instructed by the like Oracle were ready in their arms to mount on horseback to offer themselves alive to an open gulf to save Rome the other with sword and fire were no lesse willing to destroy Rome and to spoil their native soil and country of Italy Again Thrasibulus was not so beneficial to Athens but Catelin was as hurtfull unto Rome Divers Princes and Noble men have béen no lesse studious how to kéep and defend their countries then they were loath and unwilling to trespasse against their countries Happy are those places and most happy are they that injoy such Princes How famous was Thebes while Epaminondas lived how renowned was Sparta while yet Agesilaus ruled how happy was Rome when Fabius Maximus bare sway how flourished Athens when Pericles with his magnanimity when Themisiocles with his worthinesse when Demosthenes with his wisedome defended their state The vertuous lives of goodly Emperours time hath advanced to fame and fame hath spread over the whole world as of Traian Constantine Augustus Alexander Severus with others which are to be honoured and had in perpetual memory But the cruell tyranny of other wicked Magistrates neither time can take away nor any good nature forget as that monster of shame sinck of sin that beast Heli●gabalus that tyrant Nero that monster Caligula with Domitian Dionisius and others which are to be detested and utterly lothed Laertius in his third book doth write that the people of Agineta had a law written that if any of Athens should come unto their great City Aginia he should lose his head Whē Plato the phil●sopher had hapned to come to that City it was told Carmendius who then was chief Iudge for that year that a man of Athens was in Aginia which ought by law to die the calling Plato before him in a great assembly demāded what he was he said a Philosopher a certain man envious unto learning hearing the name of a Philososopher said this is no man but a beast then said Plato I ought to be frée by your law being a beast and not a man and so pleaded the matter that by the name of a beast he was dismissed applying thus the sense thereof that with tyrants and envious people beasts are better esteemed then men Such is the furious rage of tyranny that without mercy and respect of person he féedeth his fury King Atreus brother to Thiestes and son to King Pelops slew without pity the thrée sons of his brother Thiestes whose bloud he caused his brother and their father to drink unawares and after he had hidden their bodies in a cave he cut off their members and made their father to eat thereof The like history we read in Justine that King Assiages made Harpagus to eat his own son dressed ready and served up at the Kings table in two silver dishes before Harpagus the father of which as one ignorant of such tyranny the father fed Mithridates the bloudy King of Pontus slew his thrée sons and three daughters he killed his wife Laodice and married another named Hipsicratea Tyranny lurketh in the hidden veins and secret bowels of envy for even as Mithridates flew his wife Laodice so Constantine the great Emperour slew his wife Fausta and Nero murthered his wife Poppea I should weary the Reader to speak of Cleander Aristratus Strates Sabillus with innumerable others The state of Rome was so often changed by tyranny that sometimes they reigned under Monarchy and then streight under Aristrocacy And thus the Commons séeking by change an amendment of Princes kept alwaies the chief rule and government of the City of Rome under Democracy which is the popular government abhorring the corruption of Princes to their immortal fame and glory CHAP. XLIII Of Flattery FLattery is the sweet bait of Envy the cloak of malice the onely pestilence of the world a monster ugly to behold if it could be seen and dangerous to trust if it might be known it hath as many heads as Hidra to invent wickednesse as many hands as Briareus to commit evill as many eys as Argos to behold and delight in vengeance as swift of foot as Thalus entring into every mans house with words as sweet as honey but a heart as bitter as gall of which the old poem is spoken Melin ore verba lactis felin corde fraus in factis Antisthenes the learned Athenian was wont to say that he had rather have Ravens in his house with him then flatterers for Ravens said he devour but the carcasse being dead but the flatterer eateth up the body and soul alive For even as tyranny is hidden in the secret bowels of envy so is envy cloaked under the filed phrase of flattery and very well compared to the Crocodiles of Nilus or to the Syrens of the seas the one weeping and mourning the other singing and laughing the one with lamentation the other with mirth doth study how to annoy the poor Mariner The flattering Parasite as Ovid saith denieth with the negative and affirmeth with the affirmative wéepeth with him that is sad and laugheth with him that is merry As sometime Clisophus who when his master Philip King of Macedonia and further to Alexander the great did halt because he had the gout he would halt likewise when the King would be merry at his drink Clisophus would not be sad

Athens Lentulus the defendour of Italy exiled from Rome Dion of Siracusa hunted out of his country by Dionisius even that renowned Hannibal that long protector of Carthage was compelled after long service for his country to range about like a pilgrim every where to séek some safe-guard for his life Too many examples might be brought from Gréek and Latine histories for the proof hereof The chiefest bulwark of a Common-wealth saith Demosthenes is assured faith without flattery and good will tried in the Commons and plainnesse without deceit boldnesse and trust in the Nobility Flattery is the onely snare that wise men are deceived withall and this the pharisées knew well who when they would take our Saviour Christ tardy in his talk they began to flatter him with fair words saying Master we know that thou art just and true and that thou camest from God Even so Herod willing to please the Iews in killing James the brother of John and in imprisoning Peter he so pleased the people with flattery that they cried out this is the voice of God and not the voice of men so sweet was flattery amongst the Iews The flattering friends of Ammon knowing the wickednesse of his mind and his perverse dealing toward Mardocheus did not perswade Ammon from his tyranny but flattered him with fair words and made him prepare a high gallows for Mardocheus where Ammon and his children were hanged But the young man that came to flatter king David saying Saul and his children are dead was by David for his flattery commanded to die CHAP. XLIIII Of the Pilgrimages of Princes and Misery of Mortality THere is neither beast on the earth nor fowl in the ayr nor fish in the sea that séeks his own decay but man onely as by experience we sée all things to have a care of their own lives The Lion when he féeleth himself sick he never ceaseth till he féedeth upon an Ape whereby he may recover his former health The Goats of Créet féeding on high upon the mountains when any of them is shot through with an arrow as the people of that Countrey are most excellent archers they seek out an herb called Dictamum and assoon as they eat any part of it the arrow falleth down and the wound waxeth whole incontinently There are certain kinds of Frogs in Egypt about the floud of Nilus that have this perceiverance that when by chance they happen to come where a fish called Varus is which is great a murtherer and spoiler of Frogs they use to bear in their mouths overthwart a long reed which groweth about the banks of Nile and as this fish doth gape thinking to feed upon the Frog the reed is so long that by no means he can swallow the Frog and so they save their lives If the Goats of Creet if the Frogs of Egypt have this understanding to avoid their enemies how much more ought man to be circumspect of his life who hath millions of enemies neither seen nor known We read in the first book of Aelian that the rude swine if at any time by chance they eat of that herb called Hiosciamus which so contracteth draweth their veins together that they can hardly stir they will strive for remedy to go under the water where they feed upon young Crabs to recover health In the same book you may read of a sea Snail which from the water doth come to land to breed and after she hath egged she diggeth the earth and hideth her egs and returneth to the sea again and there continueth fourty days and after fourty days she commeth to the self same place where she hid her egs and perceiving that they are ready to come out of the shell she openeth the shell and taketh her young ones with her into the sea And thus have they a care not onely of their own states and lives but also of others and by some shew of sence they help that which is most dangerous and hurtfull The little Mice have this kind of fore-knowledge that when any house waxeth old and ruinous they forsake their old dwelling and creeping holes and flee and seek refuge in some other place The little Ants have such fore-sight that when penury and want of relief draweth near they wax painfull and laborious to gather victuals as may serve them during the time of famine If these small creeping worms and simple beasts provide for themselves what shall we say of man the King and ruler over all beasts who hath not onely a body to provide for but also a soul to save More happy are these worms and beasts in their kind then a number of Princes are for that they by nature onely are taught to avoid their foes we neither by nature neither by God the cause of all goodnesse can love our friends Therefore very well it is said of the wise man that either not to be born or else being born straight to die is the happiest state that can chance to man For living in this vale of misery we see the Pilgrimage and travel of life to be such that better far it were to be a poor quiet man then a proud ambitious Prince And since death is the last line of life as well appointed for Princes as for poor men who in reading of the lives of Emperors Kings and Princes and the Nobles of the world seeth not their unhappy states which come into the world naked and depart from the same naked yet like proud Pilgrims are busie one to destroy another not content with countreys and Kingdomes they go from place to place like Pilgrims to be more acquainted with misery and to seek death Alexander the great conquerour● taking his voyage from his Kingdome of Macedonia unto India in a desire to destroy all the world he was in the City of Babylon prevented by Antipater and Iola with poyson and there he died Philopomenes a great Emperor sometime in Gréece being taken prisoner in the wars of Messena was so cruelly handled that he besought Dinocrates who then was Prince of that countrey and conquerour over him one dr●ught of poyson to end his life Thus he that could not be content to be Emperor and ruler of Gréece was moved to seek death in a strange Countrey amongst his foes Ladislaus King of Apulia endeavouring to subdue the Florentines and séeking to be King over the Florentines lost the Kingdome of Apulia and by them was at length poysoned and so bereft both of Kingdome and life With this unhappy kind of death many Princes have been prevented and no lesse threatned are these Princes by their own houshold friends then by forraign foes No lesse do their children their wives brethren and kinsmen study to destroy them Thus Claudius Caesar an Emperor of Rome was poysoned by his own wife Agrippina Antiochus King of Syria was poysoned by his Quéen Laodice so that he was in love with Berenices King Ptolomy's sisterr Constantine the Emperor the son of Heraclius being