Selected quad for the lemma: soul_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
soul_n	body_n	call_v	natural_a	3,680	5	6.6307	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A08347	The gunner shevving the vvhole practise of artillerie: vvith all the appurtenances therevnto belonging. Together with the making of extra-ordinary artificiall fireworkes, as well for pleasure and triumphes, as for warre and seruice. VVritten by Robert Norton, one of his Maiesties gunners and enginiers.	Norton, Robert, d. 1635.; Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598, engraver.	1628 (1628)	STC 18673; ESTC S115254	149,353	214

Demand 3. That the Peece giuen to be prepared haue her ordinary Cariage and Platforme giuen so right and duly fitted as will neither cause nor suffer the Peece deliuering and reuersing to start from the leuell or direction giuen Demand 4. That the Shot keepe his course so from his due resting place in the cauity of the Peece vnto the Poynt Blanke or end of the right range thereof so as that the centre of it be alwayes in the Axis of the Bore supposed infinitely to proceede without any sensible declination from the same The faid Bore being part of the way of the said shot and the directer of theresidue of the course of the same Demand 5. That the Point Blanke or right line or Range be that point in the Axis of the Bore imagined to proceed and bee infinitely continued vnto that place where the Centre of the Shot shall in his course sensibly begin to decline from the said continued imagined Axis downewards Demand 6. That the visible right line made or imagined to passe from the Breech of the Peece to the Mouth of the same vpon the highest ring or supersicies of the Mettall she lying on her Catiage and Platforme be called the Middle lyne of the Peece Demand 7. That the visible right line made or imagined to passe from the Breech to the Mouth vpon the surface of the Mettall vertically ouer the Axis of the Bore of the same Peece she lying vpon her Cariage and Platforme giuen be called the Large lyne of that Peece Demand 8. That the shortest distance between the verticall plane of the Axis of the Body of the Peece and the verticall plane of the Axis of the Soule or Bore of the same Peece taken vpon the Baseringe at the Breech thereof for the cariage Peece and Platforme giuen be called the Large of that Peece Maximes of Naturall Philosophy necessary to be first knowne 1 EVery motion in the world endeth in repose 2 All motions are made vpon some quantity 3. Euery simple Body is eyther Rare and Light or else Thicke and Heauy and according to these differences it is Naturally carryed towards some part 4 The world hath high or vpwards and low or downewards and the Low dependeth vpon the influence of the high 5 The rare bodies mount the fier more then the Ayre The thicke and grosse bodies descend the Earth more then the Water 6 The lighter are more moueable then the heauier 7 Nothing worketh Naturally in that which is wholly like or wholly dislike but in that which is contrary to it and more feeble 8 The Forme working is ayded by the Qualities as the matter suffering which suffereth by the quantity 9 Nature is extreamely curious as well of her perfection as of her conseruation and then when all things conspire 10 Aswell the Action that commeth from the Agent as the Passion from the Patienthath proportion 11 Accident taketh his vnity from the Subiect and goeth not from one thing to another THEOREM 1. Euery Corporall thing reposeth in its naturall place LIght bodies 〈◊〉 towards the heauens vpward and heauy bodies towards the Earths centre downewards each Body is light or heauy if it be heauy it will then mooue downewards if light vpwards Now the circular motion is neither vpwards or downewards therefore no Motion can be circular but by violence THEOR. 2. Motion may be made in any place within the Moones Orbe Euery thing that is within the Lunar Orbe may make motion or change THEOR. 3. Before any thing mooueth towards its Naturall place from its first being it goeth stretching vnto the naturall measure Neither augmentation nor diminution is made but onely by changing of the qualities or formes for the qualities alone incontinently following new generation doe cause eyther stretching or shrinking And true it is that in such Moouings as tend vnto the entire ruine of the formes the iust demensions are not found to be but either greater or lesser according to the quantity agitating most forceably therein and so it mooueth most violent and longest THEOR. 4. Nature admitteth no Emptynesse Nature pursueth and entertaineth perfection as much as is possible Now the perfection of Motion is the end thereof namely the repose that the simple Body would find eyther vpwards or downwards in all places therefore in the Elementary vniuerse they affect their repose either vpwards or downewards So there is not by Nature any such thing as vacuity for the auoiding of which nature maketh heauy things mount and light things descend whereby marueilous things are performed As we may see by our Pumps which make water ascend as high as the clouds and by the Spiritualls the ayre is retayned beneath And diuers other effects seeming so miraculous to such as see them as they cause thē to wonder therat For whence commeth it that a vessell of Marble fild with water when the water commeth to be frozen into yee that it break the same though a foot thick but that the water thickneth therby and so breaketh the volume of the ordinary quantity thereof the cause preceading the effect followeth So also a narrow necked bottle filled with liquor and turned the bottome vpwards yet retaine the liquor from running out because Ayre cannot enter therein to fill the place whereupon we may iudge that the Law of fulnes is more generall and precedeth that of the Mouing of simple Bodies THEOR. 5. Euery Body hath a place A poynt which cannot be marked in essence not hauing any parts is no Body and therefore is contrary to the Hypotheses But a Body hath place of dimensions so if the surface of the body which approacheth on all sides and toucheth euery where tying the superficies to close the body it is then in such a place as hath the very same dimensions within that the body hath without or else there must be emptinesse which by the precedent were absurd THEOR. 6. A Body rarifying its selfe the place thereof increaseth as the Body increaseth As a Body of Earth that then contained one solide foote in measure bee made water which adding thereto one other solid foote the place also must encrease from one to two solid feete or else it hath not the same iust dimensions within that the body hath without and so it is not the place of that body of water so if the place also were greater then the body filled there must in that place be emptinesse betweene it and the body which were absurd therefore the place encreaseth as the Body ratifying doth THEOR. 7. Two Bodies cannot be together in one and the same place If seuerall Bodies could be together all the members of one same Body might also haue one and the same place and each part might one fall into the range of the other which were to take away from the quantity the true Nature thereof and which by its essentiall property setteth out the parts seuerally one from another Neuerthelesse that some sleight apparances haue seemed to yeeld

be made vpon them to Load and Charge any Peece of Ordnance without any Ladle HAuing already shewed how to loade any Peece with and without a Ladle Now I will shew how to make Cartredges ready for all Peeces wherewith in time of seruice any Peece will bee more speedily and certainly loaded Cartredges are either to bee made with Canuas Fustian or other linnen cloath or with thicke strong Paper especially of Paper Royall which prepared take the height of the bore of the Peece without the vent of the Shott and cut the cloath or paper of the breadth of three such heights and in length for the Cannon 3 for the Culuering 4 and for the Saker Falcon c. 4 ½ of the heights of their proper Bores and leauing in the midst at the top and bottome one other such height at each place to make a couer and bottome for the Cartredge cutting each side and end somewhat larger then the strict measures appointed for the sowing or glewing of the seames thereof so much as will counteruaile the same hauing also a respect for augmenting and deminishing those measures as the powder shall bee better or worse then ordinary and also abating with discretion when as your Peeces shall be already heated in fight least else you endanger the breaking or splitting of your Peece Hauing resolued then for what sort of Ordnance your Cartredges are to serue you are accordingly to haue a Modell or Former of wood turned of the height of the Shot and of a conuenient length longer then the Cartredge is to be Then if you make them of Canuas halfe a dyametre is to be allowed more in breadth for the seames but if they be made of Royall paper then hauing lapped it once about the Former leaue about ½ inch surplussage more then will compasse it which with Starch Paste or mouth Glew close about the said Former hauing some part of the same substance fitted vpon the end of the Former first for a bottome which must also be pasted or glewed close and fast to the side of the Cartredge so that being dry it may hold the Powder fast and sure from spilling And you must remember first to tallow the said Former so that the Cartredge being so moulded thereon it may be easily and without tearing slipped off againe A patterne for these Cartredges is here in this 20 figure represented Now hauing shewed how the Cartredges are to be proportioned and made it resteth also to shew how a peece of Ordnance is to be loaded with them wherein we are onely to consider that if the Peece be Chamber-bored it must be layde in a Scaffeta or Semicircle or Cillinder of wood of the thicknesse of the Orlow or different thicknesse or height of the Mettall betweene the Chamber Also if the Peece were Taper-bored as the Drakes and some ancient Cannons are then the Mould must accordingly be made to taper for the making of Cartredges for her and her Ladle must also be cut tapering-like the figure represented at T in the last figure but one but if the Peece be equall bored and the Cartredge made of Paper then there is no more to doe but to put the Cartredge into the mouth of the Peece and with the Rammer-head to put it home to the bottome of the bore of the Peece with two or three easie stroakes and then with a sharpe three squared Pryming Iron to cut and pryme the Cartredge that the Powder prymed at the touch-hole may giue fire to the quick powder thereby In all other things for wadding before and after the Shot and ramming home the Shot you are to performe the vsuall manner taught in his proper place CHAP. LVIII The names of the principall members and parts of a peece of Ordnance as they are to be called and knowne by THe names kindes and sorts of each Peece of Ordnance with their differences waight measures and in their fortifications being already handled in the precedent Chapters hereof needes not here be repeated But in regard the most of them haue speciall parts common and of like names I will speake a word or two thereof and so proceede to the manner of making and proportions belonging to the Cariage of each particular Peece as in the next Chapter will appeare The whole peece together or as much thereof as is matter of Mettall may by the 2 definition of my Booke of the Art of Artillery be called the body of the Peece The hollow Concaue Cillinder or Bore of the Peece may be called the Soule by the first of the same The whole length of her shaft or Colume is the Chase So much of her bore as containeth the Powder and Shott is the Chamber or Charged Cillinder and the rest of the same is called her Guide or vacant Cillinder The two spindles or eminencies that come out about the midst of her chase whereupon she in her Cariage is mounted or imbased are called her Trunions The most afterward pummell at her breech is called the Casacabell Tract 2. Dial. 24. fig. 1 ●●mmont tirer vn batteau enfonce en l'eau Wie ein versenckten schiff auss dem wasser zu heben Tract 2. Dial. 24. fig. 2. La maniere et trace des instrumēts pour tirer vne piece noyee de l'eau ●he vndt mitt was instrument ein versencktes stuck auss dem wasser zu zihë The little hole neere the breech whereby she is prymed and fired before her discharge is her Touch-hole All the Mettall behinde the Touch-hole is the Breech The greatest and most eminent Ring or Circle of Mettall at the Breech is the Base ring The next Circle or Ring before betweene the Trunions and the Touch-hole is the Reinforc'd ring the Circle or Ring next before the Trunions is the Trunion ring And the Circle which is formost and most ranke and eminent at her Mouth is her Muzzle ring Lastly the Ring betweene the Trunion Ring and the Muzzle is called the Cornish ring and the part of the Chase of her shaft contayned betweene the Cornish and Muzzle is called her Neck And all the Rings Circles and eminencies at her Mouth are called the Freize taking these names frō Pillers or Columes which somewhat represent the Chase of Ordnance being in forme of the Scapus of a Piller or Colume so neerely that they take the names of some such part of Pillers as they neerely represent CHAP. LIX Of the making Proportions and Measures of euery part of a Field Cariage for any vsuall Peece of Ordnance assigned IT being most certainly a matter of great importance for seruice to haue the Cariages of all the Ordnance with their Wheeles Axtrees and their Furnitures to be strong well proportioned and neat and gracefully wrought so as the Peece mounted therein be euery way so duly fitted as that in the discharge of her Shot nor in her Reuerse she may not remoue from the Angle wherein shee was directed Wee haue thought good here to shew the due measures

Maximes Page 3 Theoremes Page 5 Arithmetick Page 17 Geometry Page 23 Perspectiue for Heights Breadths Distance and description by Plat. Page 30 Chap. 1. Of the generall definition of Artillery Page 35 Chap. 2. Of the first inuention of Gunnes and Gunpowder Page 37 Chap. 3. Where Ordnance were first vsed in these parts Page 40 Chap. 4 Of what formes and fashions Ordnance were first made Page 41 Chap. 5. Of former forraigne foundings of Ordnance and of French Ordnance Page 42 Cha. 6 Of founding legittimate Ordnance with a Table and Venetian Ordnances Page 44 Chap. 8. Of Bastard Peeces with their Table of Names Waights and Measures Page 44 Chap 9. Of extraordinary Peeces and a Table of their Names Waight and Measures and of the Drakes and their Inuentor Page 46 Chap. 10 Of English Ordnance distinguishing into 4 kindes and those into sorts beginning with the Cannon Page 51 Chap. 11. Of the Cannons of Batterie in particular or of the first kinde and the sorts thereof Page 54 Chap 12. Of Culuering the second kinde and the sorts thereof Page 55 Chap 13 Of Canon Periors the third kind and their sorts Page 57 Chap. 14. Of Morters the fourth and the square Murtherer Pettar c. Page 59 Chap. 15. Of seuerall wayes to preuent a Pettard Page 64 Chap. 16. With what Instruments to break Pallissadoes Grates Percullisses c. Page 65 Chap. 17 To dispart a Peece true bored Page 66 Chap. 18. Of certaine faults in forraigne foundings of Ordnance Page 67 Chap 19. Of the Ligue or Aligation of Mettalls for brasse Ordnance Page 69 Chap 20. Of Earthes or Powders for Moulds to cast them Page 70 Chap. 21. Of making Moulds for the founding of Ordnance Page 71 Chap 22. Of the Place Measure and vse of the Trunnions Page 72 Chap. 23. Of Examining if a Peece of Ordnance be well made and of what kinde and sort it is Page 74 Chap. 24. To tertiate Ordnance and finde what Powder they can beare Page 77 Chap 25. To finde if her Soule lye in the middle of her Body Page 88 Chap. 26. To disport a Peece whose Soule lyeth Horizontally and paralelly awry in her Body Page 81 Chap. 27. To dispart a Peece whose Soule lyeth vertically and paralelly awry in her Body Page 82 Chap. 28. To dispart a Peece whose Soule lyeth awry Trauersly and not paralelly in her Body Page 83 Chap. 29. Of the Large and Large Lyne in wry bored Peeces Page 86 Chap 30. To finde the Weight of any Shot by the Diametre Arithmetically Page 87 A Table of the Weightes and Measures of all Mettalls and Stones named Page 90 Chap. 31. To finde the same Geometricaly and Instrumentally Page 91 A Table to mount any Peece by the Jnch Rule as well as by the Quadrant to any Degree assigned Page 93 A Table for euery quarter of an Inch height for Weight of Jron Leade and Stone Shotte Page 94 The Description and vse of my Gunners Scale Page 94 Chap. 32. Of the Rule of Calibres or due vent for each Shotte Page 95 Chap 33. Of the Gunners Quadrant Page 95 Chap. 34. A new Deuise of the Authors to Leuell Mount or Imbase a Peece of Ordnance by a Staffe or Halbert Page 96 Chap. 35. To finde the right Range of a Peece for euery Mounture Page 97 Chap. 36. To finde the Leuell vnder the right Range Page 98 Chap. 37 To finde the Leuell vnder the Crooked Range Page 99 Chap. 38. Of the violent Crooked and Naturall Course of a Shotte Page 99 An excellent Dyagram of Randons Page 99 A Table of Randons and a Table of secant Ranges and their vses Page 100 Chap. 38. To load a Peece Gunner-like Page 101 Chap 39. Whether the longer Peece will out shoote the shorter of equall height Page 102 Chap. 40 Of shooting Myra Commune or by the Mettall Page 103 Chap 41. Of shooting by the Axis or despert Page 104 A Table of right Ranges Page 105 Chap. 42. Of shooting vpon the aduantage Page 105 A Table of dead Ranges Page 106 Chap. 43. To amend a fault at the second shott Page 107 Chap 44. To make an assured good shott Page 109 Chap. 45. To make Ladles and Spunges for each Peece Page 110 Chap 46. To make Bridges ouer Riuers for the Army and Ordnance Page 112 Chap. 47. How to defend a Fortresse besieged Page 113 Chap. 48. To make an extraordinary safe Counter-battery Page 114 Chap. 49. Reasons of failing of a shott Page 115 Chap. 50. To conduct a Myne to blow vp a Place and of Galleryes Page 116 Chap 51. Of the Windles Martinet and Archimedes endlesse Screw Page 118 Chap. 52. To draw Ordnance to the top of steepe and rough Mountaines Page 120 Chap. 53. How the Trayne of Art should be ordered in a March Page 121 Chap. 54. To draw Ordnance by labour and Pyoners if Cattell want Page 122 Chap. 55. Extraordinary priuiledges of the Trayne in Marching and lodging Page 124 Chap 56. To waigh a sunke shipp and Ordnance surrounded Page 125 Chap. 57. To make Cartredges to loade Ordnance without Ladle Page 127 Cha. 58. The names of the parts of a Peece Page 123 Chap. 59. The making of a Field Cariage in proportion Page 129 Chap. 60. To make Wheeles and Axtrees for Cariages for Ordnance Page 130 Chap 61. To make Candlesticks Blinds Saussedges and Saussons to hide Page 132 Chap. 62. To plant Ordnance in secret and double Battery Page 133 Chap. 63. To plant Ordnance where the Rampart is to narrow and earth wanting Page 134 Chap. 64. To make a Battery with Peeces interred Page 135 Chap. 68. How the Ordnance are to be placed at the time of ioyning of 2 Armies in Battalia Page 138 Chap. 69. How to fill vp a wet Dyke to approach a Breach made Page 139 Chap. 70. Of the Gunners seruice in generall Page 140 Chap. 71. Of the difference of our English measures and waights from forraigue Nations of Feet and Pounds Page 141 Chap 72. Of making of Salpetre whether Naturall or Artificiall Page 142 Chap. 73. Of Gunpowder and the making of the vsuall sorts thereof Page 144 Chap. 74. Of the making Matches to fire Ordnances Traynes Artificiall Fire-workes c. Page 147 Of Fireworkes for Tryumph Page 149 Of the Rocket and Structures c. Page 150 151 152 The description of certaine Wheeles of Artificiall Fireworkes c. Page 153 How to make a Rice and a Castle and a Trunke of Artificiall Fireworkes Page 154 How to make flying Dragons and Rockets that will runne vpon a Lyne and returne againe c. Page 155 How Artificiall Fireballs and Granadoes are to be formed loaded with their mixtures Page 156 How to conuoy or direct Fire into a place assigned or vpon the Enemie in an Assault Page 157 Of the Pyked Trunke Gunne and quadruple Barrell-Peeces Page 157 I hope with Scapes that alter not the sence The friendly Readers will for Loue dispence And those that are in