Selected quad for the lemma: soul_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
soul_n	body_n	call_v	death_n	12,105	5	5.7391	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16282	The manners, lauues, and customes of all nations collected out of the best vvriters by Ioannes Boemus ... ; with many other things of the same argument, gathered out of the historie of Nicholas Damascen ; the like also out of the history of America, or Brasill, written by Iohn Lerius ; the faith, religion and manners of the Aethiopians, and the deploration of the people of Lappia, compiled by Damianus a ̀Goes ; with a short discourse of the Aethiopians, taken out of Ioseph Scaliger his seuenth booke de emendatione temporum ; written in Latin, and now newly translated into English, by Ed. Aston.; Omnium gentium mores, leges, et ritus. English. 1611	Boemus, Joannes, ca. 1485-1535.; Góis, Damião de, 1502-1574.; Nicolaus, of Damascus.; Léry, Jean de, 1534-1611. Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil.; Scaliger, Joseph Juste, 1540-1609. De emendatione temporum.; Aston, Edward, b. 1573 or 4.	1611 (1611)	STC 3198.5; ESTC S102777	343,933	572

yet of that validity estimation as the people of euery village yeeld there obedience to their parish Priest the parish Priest to the Deane the Deane to the Bishop the Bishop to the Archbishop the Archbishop to the Primate or Patriarch the primate or Patriarch to the Legate the Legate to the Pope the Pope to general councels and general councels only vnto God 4 The fourth Sacrament is the most holsome Sacramēt of the body bloud of our Lord Sauiour Iesus Christ euery priest that is duly called ordained according to the rules of the Church and intendeth to consecrate may by obseruing the vsual forme of words vsed in the consecration make the true body of Christ of a peece of wheaten bread and of wine his right and perfect bloud And this Sacrament the same Lord Iesus Christ in the night before he suffered his bitter passion did celebrate with his disciples consecrating it and ordaining that it should euer after be celebrated and eaten in remembrance of him It behoueth euery one that receiueth this Sacrament to bee strong in faith that he may beleeue and credit these thirteene things following First that he beleeue the transmutation or transubstantiation of the bread and wine into the body and bloud of Christ Secondly that though this be done euery day yet is not the body of Christ thereby augmented Thirdly that the body of Christ is not diminished though it be eatē euery day Fourthly that though this Sacrament be deuided into many parts that yet the whole and intire body of Christ remaineth in euery little particle Fiftly that though it be eaten of wicked malicious men yet is not the Sacrament thereby defiled Sixtly that to those which receiue it worthily as they ought it bringeth saluation eternal damnation to those which receiue it vnworthily Seuenthly that when it is eaten it conuerteth not into the nature property of him that eateth it as other meate doth but rather conuerteth the eater into the nature of the Sacrament rightly that being eaten it is taken vp into heauen without hurt Ninthly that in euery little forme of bread and wine is comprehended the great and incomprehensible God and Man Christ Iesus Tenthly that one and the same body of Christ is receiued and taken at one moment in diuers places of diuers men and vnder a diuers forme Eleuenthly that the substance of the bread being turned into the true body of Christ and the substance of the wine into his bloud the natural accidents of bread and wine doe yet remaine and that they are not receiued in forme of flesh and bloud Twelfthly that vnto those that eate it worthily it bringeth twelue great commodities which are expressed in these verses following Inflammat memorat substentat roborat auget Hostin spem purgat reficit vitam dat vnit Confirmat fidem minuit fomitemque remittit The effect whereof is that the hoast inflameth remembreth sustaineth strengthneth and augmenteth our hope It purgeth refresheth quickneth and vniteth It confirmeth our faith and mitigateth and vtterly quencheth in vs all concupiscence Lastly that it is wonderfull good and profitable for all those for whom the priest specially offereth it as a sacrifice be they liuing or dead and that therefore it is called the communion or Sacrament of the Eucharist In the beginning of Christian religion yet in some places there was consecrated at one time such a loafe of bread as being afterwards cut into small mamocks by the priest and laid vpon a sawcer or plate might well serue all the communicants that were present at the sacrifice and at that time did Christians communicate thereof dayly And afterwards they were limitted to receiue it only vpon sundaies but when the Church perceiued that this sacrament was not taken euery sunday so worthily and with such due obseruation as was sitting it was ordained that euery Christian man of perfect reason vnderstanding should with all diligence he could and with his best preparation both of body and soule receiue the same thrice a yeere or at the least euery yeere once at Easter as also when hee found himselfe in any danger of death as a ready preparatiue against al perils by which name it is often called 5 Matrimony which is a lawfull coniunction of man and wife instituted and ordained by the law of God the law of nature the law of nations is the fift Sacrament and the holy fathers in Christian piety haue commanded that but one marriage shall be solemnized at one time and that it shal not be done in secret but publikely either in the Church or Church-porch but most commonly in the Church-porch where the priest meeting the parties that are to be married first asketh of the man and then of the woman whether they be willing to be contracted who answering that they are content and agreed which is a thing most necessary in that Sacrament he taketh them by the right hands ioyning them togither in the name of the blessed and indeuided trinity in vnity the Father Sonne and holy Ghost hee admonisheth and exhorteth them that being euer mindefull of this vnion and holy communion they neuer after forsake one an other but to liue in mutual loue honor and obedience one to an other that they should not desire one an others company for lust but for procreation of children and that they should bring vp their children honestly carefully and in the feare of God this done he marrieth them with the ring and sprinkleth holy water on them and then putting on his stole which is thither brought him he leadeth them into the church and causing them to kneele humbly before the Altar there blesseth them if they were not blessed before the woman when she is married hath her haire tied vp with a red fillet or headband and a white veile ouer it without which veile or head couer it is neuer lawful for her after that time to goe abroad or to be in the company of men There be twelue impediments that hinder marriage before it be solemnized and dissolue it after it is contracted that is to say the error or mistaking of either party the breach of some condition kindred a manifest offence disparity of religion violence or forcible rauishment from their parents holy orders breach of reputation publike defamation affinity and dissability to performe the act of matrimony 6 The sixt Sacrament of the church is penance which is giuen by Christ as a second repaire of our shipwrake and euery Christian man is bound vndoubtedly to belceue that this Sacrament consisteth of these foure things to wit repentance for sins past cannonical confession absolution and satisfaction for he that will be partaker of this Sacrament must first of al repent be sorrowful in his very soule that through his grieuous and heinous sins hee hath lost that purity and innocency which he once had either by the Sacrament of Baptisme or by this Sacramēt formerly

soules were incorruptible that onely the soules of the good did flitte and remoue into other bodies vntill the resurrection and last iudgement and that the soules of the wicked were detained and imprisoned in euerlasting dungeons and these were called Pharises because in their habits and liuings they differed from the common disposition of other men The Saduces denied fortune and destiny saying that God saw all thinges and that it was in the will of man to do either good or euill they denied that the soules after this life suffered eyther punishment or pleasure they denied also the resurrection of the dead supposing their soules and bodies to perish together nor did they hold that there were any Angels and yet they receiued the fiue bookes of Moses they were seuere without measure and nothing sociable amongst themselues for which seuerity they named themselues Saduces that is to say iust But the Esseians liued altogether a monasticall life vtterly despising wedlocke and the company of all women not because they thought it fitte by forbidding carnall copulation to destroy the succession of mankind but that they should beware of womens intemperance suppo sing no womā to be faithfull true to her husband They had all thinges in common oyntments and bathes they accounted a reproach and esteemed a deformity in their trimming to bee an ornament vnto them so as they were alwayes arrayed in white garments they had no certaine citty but dwellings in euery place They spake no prophane words before the sunne rising but praied for his rising and after that workt vnto the fift houre then washing their bodies in water they eate together with few words They accounted an oath as periury and allowed none to be of their sect vnder a yeares probation and after the first yeares tryall when they were admitted they tryed their manners other two yeares also in which time if they were found in any sinne they would driue them away from them that eating grasse like beasts they might repent till their deaths When ten of them sat together no one would speake if nine of them were vnwilling they would not spit in the middle nor on the right side They obserued their sabboth so religiously that vpon that day they would not so much as purge their bellyes They carryed with them a wodden Pickax where-with they digged a hoale in the earth in some secret place to ease them-selues in and couered themselues diligently with their long garments least they should doe iniury to the diuine lights for which cause also they filled the hole againe presently They were long of life by reason of the simplenesse of their dyet for they liued for the most part with Dates they had no vse of money and they adiudged that death the best which happened to a man for Iustice sake They hold that all soules were created from the beginning and incorporated for a time in mens bodies and that the good soules after they departed from the bodyes liued beyond the Ocean where ioy is reserued for them and that the euill soules are assigned boystrous and stormie places towards the East Some of them could foretell things to come and some vsed the company of wiues but very moderatly for they supposed that if they should altogether abstaine from women the whole stocke of humaine kinde would perish There dwell in Syria at this day Greekes which bee called Gryphoni Iacobites Nestorians and Sarasins and two people of the Christian Religion which bee the Syriani and the Marouini the Syrians sacrifice as the Greekes doe and were some times obedient to the Church of Rome but the Marouini agree with the Iacobites and vse the same language and writing the Arabians doe These sundry sorts of holy men inhabite the hill Libanus the Sarrasins dwell about Ierusalem they be valiant in warre and expert in husbandry The Syrians bee vnprofitable people and the Marouines most valiant men though they be few in number Of Media and of the manners of the Medes CHAP. 5. MEDIA a region in Asia is so called as Solinus reporteth of Medus the sonne of Medea and Aegeus King of Athens and the people thereof be called Medi But Iosephus is of opinion that they be called Medes of Medeus the sonne of Iaphet This Region according to Ptolomeus is bounded vpon the North with the Hyrcan sea vpon the West with the great Armenia and Assyria with Persia vpon the South and on the East with Hircania and Parthia Their chiefest exercise and which is almost peculiar to that nation is shooting and riding Their Kings in ancient time were of great authority their head attires their round caps and their garments with sleeues remooued with the Empire and gouernment vnto the Persians It was proper to the Median Kings to haue many wiues which custome was shortly put in practise amongst priuate men in so much as it was not lawfull to haue lesse then seuen wiues In like manner it was thought fitting for women to haue many husbands and to haue lesse then fiue they deemed a miserie The Medes make leagues and confirme friendship after the maner of the Greekes and also by striking their armes about the shoulder blade and then to lick vp each others bloud That part of Media which is towards the North is barren and therefore they make them a kinde of paste of Apples dryed and brused in morters bread of rosted Almonds and wine of the rootes of hearbes and liue for the most part vpon the flesh of wilde beasts Of Parthia and the manner of liuing of the Parthians CAP. 6. THe Parthians which were banished out of Scythia and obtained this country by deceit called it after their names Parthia It hath vpon the South Carmania on the North Hyrcania on the West Media and Aria on the East The countrie is full of woods and hills and very barren of fruites The people during the time the Medes and Assyrians possessed the Empire were accounted base and of no credit nor estimation but when the kindome of Media was translated to the Persians this people also as a barbarous nation without name was a prey vnto the vanquishers and lastly became subiect to the Macedonians but in tract of time they grew of such vertue and valour and were so prosperous and successfull in their designements that they gouerned not onely the countries neere adioyning but making warre against the Romaines which then were conquerors of all Countries ouerthrew them with great destruction and slaughter of their men Plinie reckoneth foureteene kingdomes vnder the gouernment of the Parthians Trogus attributeth vnto them the Empire of the East as if they had made diuision of the whole world with the Romaines This people after their reuolting from the Macedonian Empire were gouerned by Kings which were all called Arsaces of Arsax their first King next vnto the Maiestie of their Kings was the order and gouernment of the people out of which were elected both Captaines for

their luxurie is sought out in all places but such as the earth produceth without labour or toyle furnisheth their tables with wholesome and vnhurtfull diet by which meanes they be very healthfull and vnacquainted with the names and nature of sundrie diseases No one imploreth helpe of another where no one liueth to himselfe but all in common They haue no superiour but be all equals and therefore voide of enuie and emulation for the equality of pouerty maketh them all rich condēnations they haue none because they do nothing worthie of correction nor be they led by any law for that they commit no crimes onely this one law is generall to them all not to transgresse the law of nature which nourisheth labour and industrie exerciseth no auarice and flyeth idlenesse They giue not their bodies to lust thereby to weaken them and they possesse all things they desire not esteeming couetousnesse to bee a plague and scourge most cruell which impouerisheth all those shee layeth hold on and finding no end of obtayning the more rich shee groweth the more is her beggerie The Sunne yeeldeth them heate the deaw moisture the riuers asswage their thirst and the earth affoordeth them beddes where carke and care approch not neare their couches nor be their minds wearied or vexed with vaine cogitations Pride hath no power amongst them being al men of one condition nor is any one oppressed with other bōdage but only this that their bodies prostrate themselues to do seruice to their soules They make neither lime nor bricke wherwith to build them houses but rather chuse to inhabite in holes digged in the earth or vnder the hollownes of hils where they neither feare force of winds nor rage of tempest but suppose that the couerings of houses are not so sure a defence against showers as their holes whereof they haue a double vse for they serue them for houses while they liue and for buriall when they die Costly apparell they haue none but couer their members with rushes or to speake more truely with shamefastnesse Their women be not adorned to please others neither do they affect more beautie then they bee borne with the men accompany with women not for lust but for loue of increase They haue no war but continuall peace which is confirmed not by force but by friendship the father followeth not his sonne to his sepulchre nor is there any monuments made for the dead nor the ashes of their burned bodies inclosed in costly coffins which things they account as a punishment not as an honour vnto them These Brachmans as is sayd bee not oppressed with any pestilence or other diseases because they defile not the ayre with their beast-like acts but with them nature is euer agreeable to the season and the Elements hold on their course without offence a sparing and moderate diet is their purest Phisicke which is a readie medicine not onely to cure but to preuent all diseases whatsoeuer Pastimes and Enterludes they affect not but when they would view any spectacle they remember the monuments of things done and bewayle them as most ridiculous They be not delighted as many of vs be in old wiues tales but in the goodly order of the frame of the world and the disposition of naturall things they haue no trafficke into other Countries nor do they studie the art of Elo quence and Rhetoricke but haue one simple and common Dialect amongst them teaching them only to speake the truth They frequent neither Court nor Scholes whose doctrine beeing repugnant defineth nothing certain and stable Some of these people account honestie their Summum bonum and some pleasure They kill no harmelesse beast to performe their diuine Ceremonies saying that God accepteth not of sacrifices made with the bloud of things polluted but that he is rather delighted in the vnbloudy sacrifice and appeased by prayer for they hold that God is like men in this to be delighted in his own likenes In India also be a people called Catheae the men of that countrie haue many wiues who when their husband is dead appeale to the iudgement of certaine graue Iudges and plead their deserts towards their deceased husbands and she that by the sentence of the Iudges is approued to haue beene most officious and deare to her husband in his life time goes away reioycing at her conquest and attiring her selfe in her best apparell ascendeth the pyle and layeth her selfe downe by the bodie of her husband imbracing and kissing it and contemning the fire when it is put to the pyle in respect of her chastitie she is there with the carcase of her dead husband consumed to ashes and all the other wiues suruiue with shame and infamie Their children be not brought vp in their infancy according to the will of their parents but at the discretion of such as are publikely inioyned to that busines who by their office are to looke into their features and dispositions and if any be found slow or dul-spirited in their nonnage or decrepit or weake in any part of their bodies they suffer them to liue no longer but kill them out-right They marry their wiues not by wealth or Nobilitie but by beauty and not so much for pleasure as for procreation of children In some part of India is a custome vsed that those that are not able by reason of pouertie to place their daughters in mariage should bring them in the prime and flower of their age into the common market-place playing before them with pipes and other instruments of musick where the multitude beeing summoned and assembled together the maid comming neere vnto them first vncouereth the hinder part of her bodie vp to the shoulders and after that the fore-part and then if any one conceiueth liking of her she is giuen him in mariage Megasthenes writeth that vpon certaine hils in India be a manner of people with heads like dogs armed and fenced with nayles and clothed with beasts hydes they haue no humane voyce but a sound like the hoarse snarling or barking of dogges Those which liue about the riuer of Ganges eate no meat at all but liue onely by the smell of wild apples And when they trauell into other places remote they take of those apples with them that the smell of the apples may preserue their liues but if at any time their bodies receiue any noysome or stinking ayre they die instantly and some of these people were sayd to liue in Alexanders campe Wee reade of some people in India that haue but one eye and of othersome that haue such long ears as they hang down to their heeles and that they may lye downe and infold themselues in either of their eares by the hardnesse wherof they pull vp trees by the rootes that there be some also that haue but one foot and that so broad as when they lye with their faces vpwards the shadow of their foot defendeth them from the heate of the Sunne You may read in Ctesias

the Prouince of Celtica which is all that which is now the countrie of Lyons and from that againe vnto the Pyrenaean hils is the country of Aquitanica once called Armorica Augustus deuideth France into foure parts by adding to those three the Prouince of Lyons And Ammianus maketh many subdiuisions by distributing the country of Lions into two parts and Aquitanica into two parts Braccata Gallia which is also called Narbon was so called of a certaine fashion of mantles or breeches called Braccae which by them were much worne Gallia Belgica which adioyneth vnto Rhene speaketh for the most part the Almaine tongue and comprehendeth many prouinces as Heluetia Alsatia Lotharingia Luxenburg Burgundy Brabant Gelderland Holland Zeland all which may bee more rightly accounted part of Germany then of France but that the riuer of Rhene hath deuided it from Germany And surely I see no reason why hils riuers should limit bound Kingdoms but rather the language and gouernment and that each Country should extend as farre as his owne proper language is spoken The Romanes called the people of Gallia by one generall name Celtae after the name of their King and Gallatae of Galata his mothers name but they bee now called Franci and Gallia France of those people of Germanie so called by whom it was al subdued as Baptista Mantuanus writeth in his booke intituled Dionysius and Anthonius Sabellicus in his third booke of the tenth Aeneade The Dictator Caesar saith that the French men doe differ much amongst themselues both in language lawes and institutions and that many things be common to most of them as to bee factious which is a general aspertion not only vnto Citizens and Burgesses but in priuate families also for euery one as he excelleth others in wealth or wisdome contendeth to haue the souerainty and to aduance his owne faction coueting to haue all things done by his owne direction rather then by others though as wise wealthy as himself an other institution they haue very ancient and grounded vpon good reason that is that the common people should liue in security and not bee iniured by the nobility for but for that there is no country in the world wherein the clownes liue in greater contempt and slauery then in France for there was held little difference betwixt them and slaues being neuer called to any publike councel but oppressed with tributes or constrained to lend their money without security in so much as they were content to retaine to noble men and gentlemen yeelding themselues as slaues and bondmen vnto them only to bee freed from other mens extortions and wrongs There were two sorts of men that caried most estimation amongst them which were the Equites and the Druides some likewise did attribute as much honour to Poets and Prophets as vnto the Druides for that the Prophets bended their whole courses to finde out the causes of natural things the Poets wholy imployed themselues in praises and poems and all these were by Caesar called by the name of Druidae These Druidae had the charge and ouersight of al sacrifices both publike and priuate their function was also to expound and interpret their religion and to instruct and bring vp children and young men in learning and decipline for the assemblies and troupes of such youth were much accounted of to them was committed likewise the disciding of controuersies the bounding limitting of mens grounds power to punish offendors by death torments or otherwise and if either priuate person or Magistrate offred to withstand or gainsay any of their decrees or refused to stand to their awarde they would interdict and forbid him to come to their sacrifices which amongst that people was the greatest punishment that could bee inflicted The Druides shunned the communication and company of all men least they should bee polluted and no one could haue iustice or bee honoured and reuerenced according to his place dignity and deserts if any of these Druides were against it They had one that was the gouernor and Arch-priest ouer them who bore the chiefest sway as head of the whole order and euer as one of those prouosts or gouernors died an other was elected in his roome out of those Druides either by worthinesse of person or plurality of voices This councel or Senate of Druides assembled at one time of the yeere at Lyons which is about the middle of France and there they kept their Sessions for the hearing and determining of all controuersies that were brought before them from al parts of the Country which kinde of Iudgement and establishing of lawes and statutes was afterwards receiued amongst al the nobles commons of France the superstition beeing first brought out of Britany and by them called the Parliament of which I will speake more hereafter The Druides were exempted from the warres and had immunity from tribute and whosoeuer addicted himselfe to that kinde of profession must learne by heart thousands of verses yea so many as some of them spent twenty yeeres in conning verses without booke nor was it lawfull for them to commit any thing to writing that belonged to the knowledge of that science for that they auoided all meanes that might either bee a helpe vnto their memories or anywise concerne the authority of that discipline and also that their idle superstitious rites might not bee laide open to the common people and yet all other sorts of Gaules and themselues in all other matters both publike priuate vsed at that time the Greeke character The Druides beleeued and preached the immortality of the soule that after her departure out of one body shee remooued into an other by which means al feare of death being taken away they were more hardy and venturous to vndergo al dangers They would reason and dispute much of the stars and of their motion of the magnitude the worlde and sytuation of the earth and of the naturall causes of things and power of their prophane gods they held a position likewise that the world was eternall and that the elements of fire and water preuailed one against an other by turnes An other sort of religious persons and which were most deuoute of all others were those they called Equites and they when they fell into any dangerous disease or any other perill of their liues would offer for the recouery of their health or auoiding of imminent danger a humaine sacrifice which sacrifice must euer bee solemnized by the assistance of some one of the Druides Some others of that sect had great huge Images made hallow and couered with twigges into the concauity whereof they would put men aliue and then set fire about the Image vntill all were consumed away The punishment inflicted vpon theeues and offenders they esteemed most gratefull and acceptable to their gods and all those ancient Gaules held the god Mercury in great veneration as first founder and inuentor of all arts and misteries the

not forthwith to be admitted but they will that hee first come vnto the gate of the Church and there to heare Sermons and the words of our Sauiour Christ that before he be incited and brought as it were by stelth vnto the faith hee may know the yoke of the law which when hee hath done hee may be called halfe a Christian although he be not baptised as the Ghospel teacheth he that beleeueth and is baptised shal bee saued and hee which beleeueth not shall bee damned And our custome is that women with child before they be deliuered should be confessed and that then they should receiue the Lords body and those which doe not this as also the fathers of those children which compel not their wiues to doe it bee accounted wicked and euill Christians Moreouer you must vnderstand that confirmation and chrisme or extreame vnction of oyle bee not accounted Sacraments nor bee in any vse with vs as I see they bee heare by the custome of the Romane Church Also by Moyses lawes and the ordinance of the Apostles it is not lawfull for vs to eate vncleane meates and this wee doe for the full obseruation of the law and the Scriptures which consist of one and foure score bookes in both Old and New Testament that is to say forty and sixe bookes of the Old Testament and thirty fiue of the New which expresse number of bookes of the Scriptures wee haue by computation from the Apostles themselues from which bookes of the Old and New Testament it is not lawful for vs to ad or diminish any thing no though an Angell from heauen should indeauour to perswade vs therevnto And hee which dare to attempt any such thing ought to be reputed as accursed Wherefore neither the Patriarcke nor our Bishops by themselues nor in their councels doe thinke or suppose that they can make any lawes thereby any one may bee bound to a mortall or deadly sinne for in those bookes of councels it is ordained by the holy Apostles that wee should confesse our sins and what penance wee ought to take according to the heinousnesse of each sinne is there set downe They instruct vs also how we should pray fast and doe deedes of charity and this is very familiar in vse amongst vs that as soone as wee haue committed any sinne we forthwith runne to the feete of the confessor and this is vsed both of men and women of what estate or condition soeuer they bee of And as oft as wee bee confessed we receiue the bodie of our blessed LORD in both kindes in sweete or vnleauened wheaten bread and if wee should bee confessed euery day wee should likewise euery day receiue the most blessed and reuerent Sacrament and this custome is common as well to the Clergie as to Lay people And the Sacrament of the Altar is not kept with vs in Churches as it is heere amongst the people of Europe Neither doe those which be sick receiue the Lords body vntill they begin to waxe strong and recouer there helth and this is done because all men both Lay and Clergy doe vsually receiue it euery weeke twice and all which bee willing so to doe come vnto the Church for it is ministred to none but in the Church not so much as to the Patriarch or to Prestor Iohn himselfe We alwaies vse one consessor and doe neuer take any other vnlesse he bee absent and at his returne wee goe to him againe and the confessors by there power they haue from the Church giue vs absolution of all our sinnes reseruing no case to the Bishops or Patriarcke though it bee neuer so heinous Moreouer the Priests may not heere their confessions to whom they bee confessed themselues Both priests also and Munkes and all Ecclesiasticall Ministers with vs liue by their owne labour for the Church neither hath nor receiueth any tithes Yet it hath reuenewes and lands which both Clerkes and Monkes digge and till either by there owne or other mens labour and other almes haue the none but such as bee freely offered in the Churches for the buriall of the dead and other Godly matters neither is it lawfull for them to begge in the streetes nor to extorte or wrest any almes from the people In our Churches also is euery day onely one Masse celebrated which we account as a sacrifice nor is it lawful by our old ordinances to solemnize more then one in a day for this Masse we take no hire nor reward and in the ministery thereof the Sacrament of the Altar is not shewed as heere I perceiue it is And with vs all Priests Deacons and Sub-deacons and those which come vnto the Church receiue the bodie of our Lord and wee say no Masse for the remission and forgiuenesse of soules departed but the dead bee buried with crosses and Orizons in a certaine place and ouer the dead bodies wee chiefly amongst other praiers recite the beginning of Saint Iohns Ghospel and the day following the buriall of the corpes wee offer almes for him which wee doe vpon certaine daies after vpon al which daies we keepe funerall bankets and thus far I haue spoken of our faith and religion But now for that after our comming into Portingal we had many and often disputations and contentions with diuers Doctors especially with our Maisters Didacus Ortysius Bishop of Saint Thomas Isle and Deane of the Kings Chappel and with Peter Margalhus concerning the choise and difference of meates it shal not be vnfitting to say something of that matter First you must vnderstand that wee obserue a difference of meates out of the Old Testament which difference is appointed by the word of GOD it selfe which word was afterwards borne of the Virgine Mary and walked and was conuersant with his Disciples and that word of God I haue alwaies accounted an euer liuing whole and inuiolated word neither did that mouth which heeretofore forbad to eate of vncleanesse say afterwards in any part of his Gospell that wee should eate And whereas it is said in the Gospell that which entereth in by the mouth defileth not the man but such things as proceed forth of the mouth hee pronounced not this speech for because hee would breake that which before hee had appointed but that hee might refute the superstition of the Iewes which taxed and blamed the Apostles because they did eate meate with vnwashed hands for neither the Apostles at that time that they liued with our Lord Iesus Christ did euer vse any vncleane things or tasted of those things which bee forbidden in the law nor yet did any of the Apostles transgresse the law nor can it bee prooued by any of our writings that the Apostles at those times which followed our Lords passion when they beganne to preach the Gospell did either eate or kill any vncleane things and yet it is true that Paul sayd eate of euery thing that commeth into the shambles making no question for conscience sake and

law to bee purged by offering vp a Ramme The flesh of which oblations whether they were publicke or priuate the Priests did eate in the Temple one measure containing a peck of the finest flower was allowed for the oblation of a Lambe for a Ramme two and for a Bull three There was also allowed Oyle which was powred vppon the sacrifice A Lambe was publickly sacrificed euery morning and euening and vppon euery seuenth day which was called their Sabbaoth and which by their law they held most holy there were double sacrifices offred vpon their Altars In the beginning of the month were offered for reconciliation two Oxen seauen yearling Lambes one Ramme and one Kidde to which were added two Kiddes more the one whereof was sent out of the bounds of the Citty and there offered as a satisfaction for the sinnes of the multitude and the other was burned skinne and all in the purest place of the suburbes of the Citty The Priests gaue a Bull sanctified for that purpose and a Ramme for a whole burnt sacrifice There was also other sacrifices mingled with ordinary ceremonies and holy dayes such was the fifteenth day of the month which the Macedons called Hyperueretheus and vppon the returne of Autumne they fixed their Tents or Tabernacles and keeping that day holy offered yearely whole burnt offerings the dooers thereof vppon the moneth Xanthicus which is Aprill carryed in their hands the boughes of Myrrh Willow Palmes and Peach tree where-vppon the yeare tooke his beginning vppon the day of the full Moone the sunne then entring into the signe Aries And because at that time the people of Israel were deliuered out of the land of Egipt they sacrificed the misticall Lambe and celebrated the feasts of vnleuened bread or sweete bread in the full Moone some few dayes after vpon which dayes were euer burned for a whole burnt sacrifice two Bulls one Ramme and seauen Lambes wherevnto was added one Kidde for satisfaction for their sinnes in the second day of Sweete-bread were offered the first parts of their fruites and a measure of Oyle and in the beginning or springing of their fruites a Lambe for a whole burnt sacrifice Their dayes of Penticost also were certaine which time they called Asarthan that is to say Quinquagesima or the fifteeth day and then they offered leauened bread made of drie meale two Ewe lambes two Calues and two Rammes for a whole burnt offering and two Kiddes in recompence of their misdeeds The Heathen writers disagree from the Ecclesiasticall concerning the Iewes and Moses their Captaine for Cornelius Tacitus in the one and twentith Booke of his Diurnalls attributing the departing of that people out of the land of Aegipt not to Gods diuine will and power but to necessity writeth thus of them The scabbe and noysome itch beginning in Aegipt saith hee Boch●ris the Aegiptian King desired a remedy in the Temple of his god Hamon where hee was admonished to purge his kingdome and to banish those people meaning the Iewes which were hatefull to their gods into other countries Wherevpon they beeing expulsed and a great multitude of them which had the scabbe least sitting together in waste and desolate places most of them beeing almost blinde with weeping Moses one of those which were banished among the rest admonished them not to expect any helpe of goddes or men but onely to relye and commit them-selues wholy to him as their guide and Captaine wherevnto they assented and agreed and so beeing vtterly ignorant what would become of them tooke their iourney at aduentures wherein aboue other things they wanted water and that they watching all night in the open fields not farre from destruction saw a flocke of wylde Asses going from feeding and sitting downe vpon a rocke ouer-growne with thick woods these Moses pursued and tooke and therevpon and to the end that he might for euer bee assured of that people he gaue vnto them new lawes and ceremonies contrary to all other nations for those things which wee hold for holy they account as prophane and allow of those things which with vs are poluted They hollowed and worshipped within their houses the picture of a beast the sight whereof expelled both thirst and error and sacrificed a Ramme in despite of the god Hamon they offer also an Oxe in derision of the god Apis which the Aegiptians worship vnder the forme of an Oxe They abstaine from Swines flesh for auoyding the scabbe because that beast is dangerous for that disease They rest vppon the seuenth day because that day brought end to their labours and yeelding to slouthfulnesse the seuenth yeare also is spent in Idlenesse the honor whereof is by others attributed to Saturne by reason of hunger and fasting their bread is altogether vnleauened these lawes how euer they were brought in are there defended and though mercy and firme faith are in great request amongst them yet they carry deadly hatred against all other nations They bee seperated in their banquets and seuered in their beds They are much giuen to lust and yet they abstaine from the company of women of other nations but hold nothing vnlawfull amongst them selues They ordained circumcision of their priuities that by that difference they might bee discerned from others and the first lesson they learne is to contemne the gods The soules of those which were slaine in battell or by punishment they suppose to be eternall They haue the like regard of Hell and perswasion of Heauenly things on the other side the Aegiptians worshippe diuers beasts and wrought Idols but the Iewes in their hearts and minds acknowledge but one onely God accounting those prophane which faine or pourtray the images of their gods in the forme of men These and many other things hath Cornelius Tacitus and Trogus in his seauen and thirty booke written of the Iewes Three sects of the Iewes were seuered and distinguished one from another by their vsuall manner of liuing which were the Pharasies the Sadducees and the Esseians The Pharasies liued very austerely and sparingly instituting new traditions by which they finished and abolished the traditions of Moyses They carried in their forheads and vpon their left arme certaine frontlets and papers wherein was written that decalogue which the Lord sayd thou shalt haue as it were hanging betwixt thine eyes and in thy hand and these they called Philacteries of the Greeke word Philatein which signifieth to fullfill the law These also fastned the edges of their vestures to the rest of their garments with thornes that beeing pricked therewith as they went they might remember Gods commandements They thought all things to bee done by GOD and by destiny and that to doe or neglect things that were lawfull and iust consisted in the will of man but yet that in all things fate was a furtherer whose effects they essteemed to proceed from the motion of the Heauenly bodies They would neuer contradict their elders nor superiours They beleeued the general iudgement that al