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A49334 Catechetical questions, very necessary for the understanding of the principles of religion conformed to the doctrine of the Church of England / by Simon Lowth ... Lowth, Simon, 1630?-1720. 1673 (1673) Wing L3324; ESTC R14549 47,430 154

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the Passover was then ended and to be abolished by His instituting this other in the place thereof at the very time of eating the Passover Q. VVhy do not Christians receive this Sacrament at Supper or in the Even-tide that being the time of the day in which it was first instituted A. Because though it might be fit in regard of the thing it self yet it is not so to us not so fit for our preparation and meditation of the worthiness of the Sacraments and of the duties of the Receivers Q. But might not men make themselves fit to receive it at Supper time A. Yes Possibly men may and some men happily would yet because most men are more indisposed to Meditation and Contemplation towards the Evening than in the Morning and have many avocations and occasions to take away their minds by many occurrences before that time of the day therefore the Morning is chosen for that Sacred Action as the time that in regard of mens dispositions and businesses in the world is fittest for all Q. Is not this Sacrament called by other names besides the Lords Supper A. Yes It is called the Propitiatory Sacrifice the unbloody and commemorative Sacrifice the Eucharist and the Communion Q VVhy is it called the Propitiatory Sacrifice A. It is called a Propitiatory Sacrifice not properly and really but figuratively and respectively by way of resemblance and by way of remembrance because it shews the Lords death 1 Cor. 11.26 who is the Propitiation for our sins 1 St. John 2.2 and keeps us in mind of that Propitiatory Sacrifice which our Lord once for all offered by His Death upon the Cross to reconcile us to God and make God propitious favourable and loving toward us and well pleased with us Q. VVhy is it called the Vnbloody Sacrifice A. Because it is not a real Sacrifice which was offered by shedding of blood but only a memorial of that Sacrifice which is commemorated here without blood Q. VVhy is it called a Commemorative Sacrifice A. Because it both representeth and commemorateth unto us that real Sacrifice of Christ upon the Cross and also we in this do represent and commemorate the same to God offering and presenting unto Him in this Sacrament by way of commemoration and remembrance the Body and Blood of His own Son as the only Propitiation and Satisfaction for our sins interposing them between Him and us and pleading them before His Mercies Seat and through them with all humility and confidence desiring the benefits of pardon and grace to be bestowed upon us Q. VVhy is it called the Eucharist A. It is called the Eucharist or Eucharistical Sacrifice from giving of thanks as the word Eucharist of the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies which is a part of the duty that is required of the Communicants of the Sacrament and is Tropically put for the whole action when the Lords Supper is called by this name because that the Church in the administration thereof offereth unto God the Sacrifice of Praise and Thanksgiving for her Redemption purchased by Christs Death that is commemorated in this Sacrament Q. Why is it called the Communion A. Because there is taught in this Sacrament 1. A Communion between Christ and us 2. A Communion between us Christians among our selves one with another Q. What is the Communion between Christ and us A. There is a three-fold Communion between Christ and us Q. How is that A. 1. The outward signs in the Sacramen do represent and exhibit to us whol Christ God and man in one Person Then here is a Natural Union and Communion between our Humane Nature and Christs Divine Nature in the Person of the Son of God 2. Christ is the Head of the Church and we are His Members Here is a Mystical Union between our Persons and the Person of Christ God and Man into one Mystical Body 3. Christ is in Heaven and thither by this Sacrament we are assured we shall come And then there will be a Celestial Communion between our Persons glorifyed and the Person of Christ in the world to come And these all follow upon one another 1. Whole Christ is represented and presented in the Sacrament Christ in His Person is God and Man this Union is Natural 2. The Man Christ is Head of the Church this is Spiritual and Mystical 3. All Men that are Members of this Church in the Kingdom of Grace shall be Co-inheritors with Him in the Kingdom of Glory this Celestial Q. What is the Communion of us among our selves one with another A. It is an Union flowing from the former between Christ and us It is the Communion of Saints by which as they are all Members of Christs Mystical Body so though they be many in number yet they are but one Body all subject to that one Head all living by one Faith all nourished by one and the same Spiritual Food all by one Spirit Baptised into that one Body all guided by that one Spirit And this is lively set forth by the Action of this Sacrament wherein the whole Church being many are all partakers of that one Bread and so are one Mystical Body though having many Members as the Bread is one Loaf though made of many Grains 1 Cor. 10.17 Q. What is the outward Sign in the Lords Supper A. Bread and Wine Q. Why is it Bread and Wine A. Because the Lord hath commanded them to be received Q. VVhy did our Lord choose Bread and VVine to be the outward Signs in this Sacrament A. He chose Bread 1. Because it is the most common Diet of all others so Christ is our common Salvation St. Jude 3. He died for all 2 Cor. 5.15 2ly Because Bread is the easiest food for all men to attain to so the word the Word that is God and the Word of God is nigh Rom. 10.1 He is found of them that seek Him not He is made manifest to them that asked not after Him v. 20. Again He chose Bread and Wine 1. Because Bread and Wine are the best of Meat and Drink Bread is the stay Isa 3.1 the staff Ezek. 4.16 of life of the body the strength of mans heart and VVine maketh glad the heart of Man Psal 104.15 So Christ is the best and most necessary food of a mans spiritual life of the Soul The Bread of Life St. John 6.48 The Bread which came down from Heaven that a man may eat thereof and not die v. 50. Nay except ye eat of this Bread that is the flesh of the Son of Man for the bread which He gives us is His flesh which He gave for the life of the World v. 51. and drink His Blood you have no life in you v. 53. 2. Because these two standing for meat and drink are perfect nourishment of the body so is Christ of the soul not in part but in perfection compleat nourishment and Salvation 3. Because the Bread is made of many Grains compact together into one
Loaf and Wine is made of many Grapes pressed together into one Vessel So again the Members of Christ as they have a Mystical they ought to have also an affectionate Communion one with another And Lastly He used Bread and Wine apart to shew that His Body and Blood were parted His Blood being let out of His Body by a Spear upon the Cross when He died for our sins Q. VVhat do the Bread and VVine signifie in the Sacrament A. They signifie Christs Body and Blood two things in number as they themselves also are but one in use namely Whole Christ Q. In what State or Condition of Christ do these signs represent His Body and Blood A. Dying upon the Cross as His Body was Crucified and His Blood Shed for our sins Q. But then hath this Sacrament of the Lords Supper respect only to Christs death A. By consequence we cannot but consider all the passages of His Incarnation even to the very last act of His coming to Judgment when we receive this Sacrament but directly and immediately it is Christs Death only that we must remember here then our Redemption was finished when He made Himself a Sacrifice for our sins And therefore it is called the Commemorative Sacrifice because it representeth both unto God and us the real Sacrifice of the Death of Christ we our selves being kept in remembrance of the same by this service and in the very action of this Sacrament offering and presenting unto God by way of Commemoration the Sacrificed Body and Blood of His own Son as the only Propitiation and Satisfaction for our sins Q. But might not this Death of Christ be otherwise well enough remembred without the use of this Sacrament A. If it might yet we must think this Sacrament to be neither useless nor superfluous since it is our Masters and only Saviours Care of us thus to help our infirmities by instituting and ordaining these holy Mysteries as pledges of His Love and continual remembrances of His Death that we should never forget but always remember the exceeding great Love of our Master and only Saviour Jesus Christ thus dying for us and the innumerable benefits which by His precious blood-shedding He hath obtained to us But that is not all for whereas the whole confidence of our Salvation consists in this that the satisfaction which Christ gave to the Justice of His Father is as verily ours as if it had been made and done by us our selves It is necessary that we have Christ in our own possession and that we present Him to His Father as a real satisfaction for all our offences otherwise He communicates or imparts not Himself to us but as He is made ours and we have Him in readiness to be offered unto God So it is not enough for us to remember His death only unless also we receive Him dying into our hearts and can assure our souls that He is accepted for our Redemption and that the efficacy power and fruit of His death comes home unto our selves Q. And may not Christ be received by Faith in the VVord and be presented to God in prayer and supplication without the Sacrament A. I grant that too yet not so effectually as in the Sacrament Q. Do the outward signs then do any more in the Sacrament but signifie the Body and Blood of Christ by way of remembrance and representation A. Yes Or else we should have nothing there to offer unto God the Father as the price of our Redemption But they are such signs as are also seals and pledges to assure us of nay they are means to convey unto us the things which they signifie The Sacramental Bread and Wine are not bare signifying signs but such as wherewith our Lord doth indeed exhibit and give to every worthy Receiver not only His Divine virtue and efficacy but also His very Body and Blood as verily as He gave to His Disciples the Holy Ghost by the sign of His Sacred Breath or health to the diseased by the word of His mouth or by the touch of His hand or garment For Christ who is the Truth doth not give us promises without performance nor shew us signs without substance therefore the Body and Blood of Christ are verily and indeed taken and received of the faithful in the Lords Supper and so the Sacrament is called the Communion of the Body and Blood of Christ 1 Cor. 10.16 and this Communion is not of things absent but present and therefore it is called the Lords Supper because our Lord is there To conclude there is a Communion as in the other Sacrament so in this between the outward visible signs and the inward spiritual grace and without both it is no Sacrament And here if you look to the things United the Union is Essential if to the truth of this Union it is real if to the manner how it is wrought it is Spiritual That Christs Body and Blood are there it is a Truth but how they are there it is a Mystery Q. VVhat are the Benefits that come to us by this Sacrament A. 1. Here is Justification in remission of sins and imputation of Righteousness For the Sacrament is a Communion between Christ and us whereby all our sins are charged upon Him He suffereth and satisfieth for them and all His Justice is imputed unto us and we are Crowned for that 2. Here is Sanctification in that we are all made hereby to drink into one Spirit 1 Cor. 12.13 there flowing from Christs Nature into our Nature united unto Him by the Communion of this Sacrament the lively spirit and breath of grace which reneweth us to a Spiritual life and so sanctifieth our minds wills and affections that we daily grow more and more conformable to the image of Christ 3. Here is assured hope of Glorification because this Sacrament is the Pledg of our Salvation the Seal of our Adoption by which we are made the Sons of God in Communion with Christ and if Sons then Heirs Co-heirs with Him of an Eternal Inheritance of the future fruition whereof by this we have assureance not only to our souls but to our bodies also which being made instruments of Righteousness Rom. 6.13 Temples of the Holy Ghost 1 Cor. 6.19 Members of Christ in this Holy Communion shall be raised again at the last day and have Eternal life St. John 6.54 in which we shall live for ever v. 58. Now the consideration of this is a greater comforting and refreshing of our souls by the Body and Blood of Christ the cause of all than our bodies can receive from Bread and Wine or any outward thing whatsoever Q. What is required of them that come to our Lords Supper A. Five things Q. What is the first A. To examin themselves whether they truly repent them of their former sins Q. How shall a man know whether he truly repent him of his sins or no A. By trying himself truly whether he perform all the parts of Repentance Q. Which be the parts of Repentance A. 1. Contrition sorrow of heart for sin 2. Confession 3. Satisfaction Q. VVhat is the second thing required of a Receiver A. Stedfast purpose and resolution to sin no more but to lead a new life Q. VVhat is the third A. Not to despair for sins past nor if through frailty you commit sins again but to have a lively faith in Gods mercy through Christ Q. VVhat is the fourth A. A thankful remembrance as of all others of Gods Mercies so especially of Christs Death and consequently of His Incarnation Nativity Circumcision Baptism Fasting Temptation Agony Bloody Sweat Cross c. as foregoing His Death and of His Resurrection Ascention Sending of the Holy Ghost Session at the right hand of God and coming again to judge the quick and the dead as following His Death Q. VVhat is the fifth thing required in a Communicant A. To be in Charity with all men If you have offended any man you must be sorry for your fault confess your self guilty and resolve and endeavour to make him satisfaction and if any man hath offended you let all bitterness and wrath and anger and clamour and evil speaking be put away from you with all malice and be kind one to another tender hearted forgiving one another even as God for Christs sake hath forgiven you Eph. 4.31 32. Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Ghost As it was in the beginning is now and ever shall be world without End Amen FINIS ERRATA PAge 6. line 22. them are read them that are p. 8. l. 18. mine since r. my sense p. 28. l. 3. Defends as r. Defend us as p. 30. l. 1. external r eternal p. 33. l. 18. Roman r. A Roman p. 35. l. ●● him Him r. Him p. 38. l. 20. deaths r. death p. 43. l●●5 therefore 2. there p. 45. l. 11. Man r. Him p. ●6 l. ●2 these three 2. these there p. 48. l. 7 pure a. r. a pure 〈…〉 l. 5. as received r. was received p. 72. 〈…〉 〈◊〉 as r. as necessary to l. 22. discent r. 〈◊〉 p. ●0 l. 5. thing thing r. thing p. 104. l. 13. without r. with p. 118. l. 7. the Sacrament r. this Sacrament
Are you able now to do all those things that are necessarily required and to walk in the Commandments of God and to observe them as you ought to do A. No. Not of my self in all points and at all times as in strictness I ought to do yet I may being assisted by Gods help perform and keep them so far as that God may graciously accept of it Q. Did ever any man keep all these Commandments in all points at any time or any of them perfectly at all times A. No. No man ever kept all of them at any time perfectly according to the parts nor any one of them at all times according to the degree of obedience that is required except our Saviour Christ who alone did all things well who did no sin neither was guile found in his mouth 1. St. Pet. 2.22 Q. How do you mean then that it is any way possible to keep Gods Commandments A. In a word For the possibility of keeping Gods Commandments to us that are in Christ for without Him we can do nothing there must necessarily concurre with our true endeavours the grace of Gods assistance helping our infirmities and so we may be able to do something and the grace of Gods acceptation not weighing our merits but pardoning our offences and so we may be able to do what is sufficient Q. How may a man come by this grace of assistance and acceptation A. He must call to God for it by continual Prayer Q. What is the most absolute and best form of Prayer A. That which is taught us by our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ called The Lords Prayer THE LORDS PRAYER Our Father c. Q. VVHat do you chiefly observe in the Lords Prayer A. 1. A Proeme or Preface 2. The Petitions 3. The Conclusion Q. What is contained in the Preface A. The Person to whom we Pray to wit God in whom we believe and whom we are to obey described 1. By His relation to us that He is a Father and in this we have Faith that He Will 2. By His Habitation that He is in Heaven and by this we have hope He is able to help us And 3. By the Common interest that we all have in Him in that He is Ours and by this we have Charity and pray with others and for others as well as for our selves Q. How is God said to be our Father here A. By Adoption in and through Christ and so He is Ours that is all ours who are Christians who all in the judgment and exercise of Charity are to be taken and used as the children of God Q. But is not God in all places A. Yes Q. Why then do you call upon Him as limited and circumscribed in Heaven A. God is said to be in Heaven not because He is there limited or confined by the bounds of that place but because Heaven is the Throne of His Majesty the place of His most glorious Residence in which He is by a more special and eminent presence than in any other Q. May we pray to none but God A. No. To none but God as the chief Author and Giver of what we pray for Q. But may we not pray to one another A. Yes We may pray to them with whom we live and converse for any thing thing wherein they can assist us as subordinate means and instruments in and under God Q. But may we not pray to the Saints departed A. No. Q. But are not they more able and ready to help us in their Prayers to God for us being of the Church Triumphant than any of the Church Militant A. Yes no doubt Q. Why then may we not pray to them to pray for us as we do for one another here on earth A. 1. Because we have no warrant in Gods Word for our so doing 2. Because we are not assured that they hear us as we do one another to whom we speak face to face Q. How many Petitions are there in the Lords Prayer A. Seven To some of which all Manners and Forms of Prayers ought to be referred Q. What do you desire in the first Petition Hollowed be thy Name A. That Gods Honor and Glory may be preferred and advanced above all things That the Confession and Practice of Faith Hope and Charity and holy Conversation of Christian Life may so shew forth their power and force in us that others beholding the same may take occasion to praise God in our behalfe when we make our light so shine before men that they may see our good works and glorifie our Father that is in Heaven Q. What do you ask of God in the second Petition Thy Kingdom come A. 1. That Gods Kingdom of Power and Grace may come that Christ may reign in the Church and that the Church may be propagated over the whole world 2. That also His Kingdom of Glory may come that in this the Church may reign with Christ for ever That it may please God of His gracious goodness shortly to accomplish the Number of His Elect and to hasten His Kingdom that we and all they who are departed in the true Faith of His Holy Name may have one perfect consummation and bliss both in body and soul in His Eternal and everlasting Glory Q. What is the substance of the third Petition Thy Will be done A. That we upon Earth though weak and but of small power may exhibit and yeild unto Almighty God exact and perfect Obedience according to all the parts and degrees that are required in our duties such as the Angels and Saints do in Heaven desiring nothing so much as that we may chearfully submit our selves to His good pleasure both in Prosperity and Adversity and renouncing our own wills which are prone to evil we may rest and settle our minds in the Will of God Q What is the meaning of the fourth Petition Give us this day our Daily Bread A. That God may send us all things which be needful both for the body and soul in giving us bread that is corporal the food of the body that we may have bread to eat and clothes to put on and all outward things that belong to this life and also Spiritual bread too that there be not the Famine of the Word and Sacraments which are to nourish our souls to life everlasting Q What do you pray for in the fifth Petition And forgive us c. A. Pardon and Forgiveness of our sins and offences against our Father which is in Heaven upon Condition that we forgive all them that offend against us And it is to be observed that this request to God is but upon this Condition which if we perform not on our part God is desired to do nothing for us neither will He on His. See St. Mat. 6.14 15. 18.35 Q. What do you pray for in the sixth Petition Lead us not into Temptation A. Because this life is a Warfare in which we wrestle with the World the