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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47555	The Turkish history from the original of that nation, to the growth of the Ottoman empire with the lives and conquests of their princes and emperours / by Richard Knolles ... ; with a continuation to this present year MDCLXXXVII ; whereunto is added, The present state of the Ottoman empire, by Sir Paul Rycaut ...	Knolles, Richard, 1550?-1610.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. Present state of the Ottoman Empire.; Grimeston, Edward.; Roe, Thomas, Sir, 1581?-1644.; Manley, Roger, Sir, 1626?-1688.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. History of the Turkish empire.	1687 (1687)	Wing K702; Wing R2407; Wing R2408; ESTC R3442	4,550,109	2,142

times The Ambassador of Venice Signior Alivisé Molino before mentioned was now at Candia designing to accompany the Vizier in his Voyage to the Grand Signior for adorning which Embassy the Republick had appointed a Ship to carry the Presents and several Persons of Quality for attendance of the Bailo for so their Ambassador is called and in regard in that passage the ship was to touch at Zant they laded on her a hundred thousand Zechins for payment of that Souldiery which with the Captain General were returned from Candia to that place with Presents for the Grand Signior and his Court but it pleased God that this Ship sailing down the Gulf met with so furious a storm of Wind that she suffered shipwrack on the Coast of Italy where not only the ship and goods were lost but every soul upon that ship perished amongst which was Lorenzo Molino Son of the Ambassador and Ottavio Labia another noble Venetian The Great Vizier entertained himself so long in Candia that the month of May was well entered before he departed thence and by the way touched at Scio where he was met by all the Officers and Governors of the adjacent Jurisdictions who came to make tender of their Presents and Services but the Vizier in a plausible manner accepted of their courteous Offers but returned their Gifts saying That he was so sensible of the great oppressions and expences the neighbouring Countries had suffered by reason of the War that he was resolved to superinduce no new Charge by Victory and Peace In like manner from all parts was a confluence of poor oppressed people who came to petition for justice and relief against the corruption and tyranny of their Governors in the respective Countries But the Vizier admitted no Audience for Complaints whether it were to maintain an apprehension of his clemency and gentleness by acting nothing that was cruel or severe or to enjoy himself after his cares and turmoils in the War he almost for fourteen days continuance entertained himself in private by the cool and crystalline Fountains of Scio. Some report that he gave himself at that time so excessively to Wine being overjoyed at his success and conclusion of the War that he was never capable during his abode there of serious thoughts or counsels so that his Kahya or Secretary could never be admitted access unless he were called though on the most urgent occasion of business Others interpreted his retirements to be in order to serious considerations about the management of Affairs at his return as how to satisfie the expectations of the Grandees who patiently attended an amendment of abuses in the Government how he might pacifie the minds of the Souldiery who were jealous of Conspiracies against the lives of the Royal Brothers and how to steer in an even course at Court between the security of his Master and satisfaction of the Vulgar for all the World lived in hope that alteration of times would amend abuses and that the last remedy of all was the return of the Viziers Authority Howsoever it is certainly reported That the Vizier was become exceedingly intemperate in wine and drowned much of his cares in the fumes and vapours of it supposing himself as Tiberius did in Caprea exempt from the eyes of the World whilst he remained in Scio which the Sea had separated from the greater Continent And yet the Vizier is believed never to have tasted Wine or known whether it was bitter or sweet till the pride of his success in Candia transported him to make his joy extravagant to which the Officers about his Person invited him as that which cheared the spirits strengthened the Nerves and induced a strange kind of delight and pleasure in the fancy beyond any thing of Poppies or Opiate Compositions or Biram-Pasha's Pills or Berse or a thousand other inventions fit only to confuse mens reason and stupifie the brain and benumb all the senses in which some as I have heard had so practised themselves by degrees that they could swallow five drams in twenty four hours though I never knew any unless one Turk whom I saw eat above three but then they could eat nothing else nor were they fit afterwards to receive or digest any other nourishment Nature being used to that poyson rejected all other sounder nutriment But Wine they said cheared the heart in that manner and comforted the stomach that the Turks began now generally to drink it unless he were some Pharisaical Hypocrite of the Ulamah or some superstitious aged and ignorant Professor So that the vice of drunkenness became more common amongst the Turks than amongst the Germans or our selves I am sure more intolerable and administred to more mischiefs by how much the Turks being unaccustomed to Wine knew less how to comport the heats of Intemperance And here I shall make a little digression from my purpose in hand to acquaint my Reader of the effects which I have observed to be produced in those who accustom themselves to the use of Opium In all the Country Villages amongst the Turks the more aged sort of men who have most leisure and least necessity to work addict themselves to Opium for alleviation as they say of their cares and to forget their sorrow for pleasure in the taste there can be none being very bitter to the palate which being taken in a morning in a small quantity about the bigness of a Tare superinduces at first a strange chearfulness about the heart and thence raises a more pleasing vapor to the head than any can proceed from the spirits of the best and the highest Wines but afterwards as it begins to digest the vapour becomes more gross and consequently a kind of stupefaction is induced over the brain and nerves which with drowsiness and sleep passes away like a drunken fit The Youth amongst them which drink Wine abhor Opium until growing into years and to the care of a family as a sign of which they suffer their beards to increase they are taught by their Imaum and more by example of others that Wine being against their Law is only dispensable in wild and unbridled Youth but in those of riper age is a vice to be reproached by all sober and well-governed men In the place of which they take up the lawfull and innocent Pill of Opium which makes men serious and setled as they say because that it operates not like Wine which m●k●s men mad and rash and violent but disposes them to be Sots and to sit grave and quiet without doing hurt to any man which is a qualification accounted very laudable amongst them and is one of the greatest Vertues which they endeavour to acquire in their Tekeés or Monasteries This being the reason for which it is taken and allowed it is grown a common custom almost amongst all the Country-people who in the morning before they go to work take first their Opium and upon it three or four dishes of Coffee

had before worn and for the further gracing of her to be deckt with many most precious Jewels of inestimable value Whereunto the poor Soul gladly obeyed little thinking that it was her Funeral Apparel Now in the mean while Mustapha altogether ignorant of the Sultans mind had as he was commanded caused all the Nobility and Commanders of the Men of War to be assembled into the great Hall every man much marvelling what should be the Emperors meaning therein who had not of long so publickly shewed himself But being thus together assembled and every man according as their minds gave them talking diversly of the matter behold the Sultan entred into the Palace leading the fair Greek by the hand who beside her incomparable Beauty and other the greatest graces of Nature adorned also with all that curiosity could devise seemed not now to the beholders a mortal Wight but some of the stately Goddesses whom Poets in their Extasies describe Thus coming together into the midst of the Hall and due Reverence to them done by all them there present he stood still with the fair Lady in his left hand and so furiously looking round about him said unto them I understand of your great discontentment and that you all murmur and grudge for that I overcome with mine affection toward this so fair a Paragon cannot withdraw my self from her presence but I would fain know which of you is so temperate that if he had in his possession a thing so rare and precious so lovely and so fair would not be thrice advised before be would forego the same Say what you think in the word of a Prince I give you free liberty so to do But they all rapt with an incredible admiration to see so fair a thing the like whereof they had never before beheld said all with one consent That he had with greater reason so passed the time with her than any man had to find fault therewith whereunto the barbarous Prince answered Well but now I will make you to understand how far you have been deceived in me and that there is no earthly thing that can so much blind my senses or bereave me of reason as not to see and understand what beseemeth my high Place and Calling yea I would you should all know that the Honour and Conquests of the Othoman Kings my noble Progenitors is so fixed in my Breast with such a desire in my self to exceed the same as that nothing but death is able to put it out of my remembrance And having so said presently with one of his hands catching the fair Greek by the hair of her head and drawing his Falchion with the other at one blow struck off her head to the great terrour of them all and having so done said unto them Now by this judge whether your Emperor is able to bridle his affections or not And within a while after meaning to discharge the rest of his choler caused great preparation to be made for the Conquest of Peloponnesus and the besieging of Belgrade At the same time that the barbarous Turks took the Imperial City of Constantinople Thomas and Demetrius Palaeologi Brethren to the late unfortunate Emperor Constantinus governed a great part of Peloponnesus one of the most famous Provinces of Grecia which in form of a leafe of a Plane-Tree is almost in manner of an Island environed with the Seas Ionium and Aegeum which running far into the Land on either side thereof separateth the same from the rest of Grecia by two great Bays leaving but a strait neck of Land called of the Greeks Istmos in breadth about five miles which was sometimes by the Grecians and afterward by the Venetians fortified by a strong Wall and five great Castles near unto which place stood the great and famous City of Corinth This Province is in length 175 miles and almost as much in breadth wherein are contained the Countries of Achaia Messenia Lacedemonia Argolica and Archadia with many famous Cities and goodly Havens wherein it far exceedeth all the other Provinces of Grecia These two Princes Thomas and Demetrius dismayed with their Brothers disaster Fortune began now so far to despair of their own Estate that upon the first bruit thereof they were about presently to have fled by Sea into Italy And as it commonly falleth out That one evil happeneth not alone so at the same time it fortuned that the Albanians rise in Arms against the said two Princes their Soveraigns and under the leading of their Rebellious Captain Emanuel Catecuzenus grievously troubled both the poor Princes These Albanians were a rough and hardy kind of people which living after the manner of the rude Scithian Herdsmen by feeding of Cattel had of long time planted themselves in Peloponnesus differing from the natural Greeks both in their manner of living and Language which diversity was no small cause that they oftentimes spurned as now against the Government of the Grecian Princes In this extremity the two distressed Princes not well knowing which way to turn themselves sought for Peace at Mahomets hands year 1454. offering to become his Tributaries Of which their Offer he willingly accepted as an induction to the full Conquest of that Country and sent Turachan Governor of Thessalia one of his greatest Men of War with an Army into Peloponn●sus to Aid those Princes against the Albanians by whose help the masterful Rebels were in short time discomfited and the Country of Peloponnesus quieted yet so that it was now become Tributary to the Turkish King. These two Princes Demetrius and Thomas the last of all the Christian Princes that reigned in Peleponnesus having thus lost their Liberty lived for a few years as the Turks Vassals paying such yearly Tribute as they had before promised During which time many Displeasures arose betwixt the two Brothers being both jealous of their Estate and desirous by all plausible means to win the hearts of their Subjects one from another whereby it came so to pass that whiles they both desired to become popular they weakned their own Credit and had not their Subjects at such command as best stood with the safety of their Estate Nevertheless as soon as they understood that the Christian Princes of the West were making great preparation against the Turk and that Calixtus the Third of that Name then the Bishop of Rome had already put a Fleet of Gallies to Sea which did great spoil upon the Borders of the Turks Dominions they vainly perswading themselves that the Turks would in short time be again driven out of Grecia refused to pay any more Tribute to the Turkish King or to keep League any longer with him Upon which occasion Mahomet with a puissant Army came down and first besieged Corinth and afterwards entring into Peloponnesus took divers strong Towns and destroyed the Country before him and forced the two Princes for safeguard of their lives to fly the one to Mantinia and the other into the strong

signified to the Ambassador Sir Iohn Finch his desire to have the Capitulations sent to him by the hand of his Interpreter on pretence of reading some particular Articles therein for his own Information and Instruction The Vizier accordingly having them in his hand detain'd them saying That there were several Articles therein which being contrary to the Turkish Law and prejudicial to the Grand Seignior's Power and Revenue were to be made void and null which he would take care to expunge and would afterwards return unto the Ambassador another Capitulation This new Method of proceeding was very surprizing to Sir Iohn Finch then Lord Ambassador and the whole English Nation who being divested of their defensive Arms and of those Articles on which all their security in that Country was establish'd look'd on themselves and their Estates as expos'd to the will and arbitrary pleasure of the Turks It seem'd now as if our Nation remain'd in a state of War or in a Condition of Outlawed People being deprived of our Law and Privileges The Consuls did usually carry the Authentick Copies of the Capitulations with them whensoever they appear'd before the Kadies or Justices but the Original Exemplar being taken away the force of the Copies ceas'd and those Articles could not be produc'd in Plea for us as formerly they were This Matter relating to a state of War and Peace was transmitted home to his Majesty's Consideration who was humbly intreated by the Turkey Company to take notice thereof in Letters directed to the Grand Seignior and the Vizier But in the mean time the inconveniences were so great and the obstructions to Trade so insupportable that it was thought fit to ransom our Capitulations out of Captivity at any rate rather than to hazard all our Interest by the want of them So that a Treaty being commenc'd it was agree'd that upon payment of 50 Purses of Money being 25 thousand Dollars the Capitulations should be restor'd which was accordingly perform'd In this Condition things stood when the Lord Chandois another Ambassador from his Majesty arriv'd at Constantinople bringing besides his Credentials Letters to the Grand Seignior and Vizier containing no other matter than Complaints of that unworthy Seizure of the Capitulations and of the Price and Ransom paid for them an Action so strange and new that an Example of the like nature was never known or heard of in the World. The Vizier contrary to his usual Custom being touched with a sense of shame for so mean an Action did desire that the Letter of this Tenure from our King to the Grand Seignior might be smothered and not delivered promising to make restitution of the Fifty purses he had taken on that occasion This offer from the Vizier seemed a thing incredible and as impossible to redeem a Soul out of Hell as a Purse of Money out of his Coffers Howsoever so touched he was with the sense of this Act of which the Grand Seignior had as yet no knowledge nor taken any share in the Booty that he ordered Twenty nine purses of the Money to be restored but with so ill a Grace and so unpleasant a Countenance that our Merchants apprehended some other Contrivances and Machinations to be repaid again with a severe interest which might probably have been expected had not the Vizier been diverted from these low acquisitions to matters of higher concernment in Hungary Howsoever before his departure he left those menacing promises behind him which threatned no less than Ruin and Destruction at his Return We might here recount several other Acts of injustice passed on our Nation As the encouragement of the Pasha of Tunis to make demands on our Ambassador for what Goods the Corsaires or Pirates had taken from him on one of our English Ships And tho' out of the respect and deference which the Great Duke of Tuscany and the Great Master of Malta bore to the Majesty of our King and by the industry and good management of Sir Iohn Finch then Ambassador at Constantinople the greatest part of the Goods and Money taken were restored for which the Pasha declared himself satisfied yet this Pasha receiving countenance and encouragement from this Vizier in his pretensions demanded 450 Purses to be paid him by the Ambassador for the remaining Goods which were not recovered And tho' this pretension in the late Vizier's time a Man of more Justice and Reason than this present was cast out and quashed yet the Pasha looking on this conjuncture as the most seasonable of any when the most extravagant demands would be heard and favoured renewed his Suit and pleaded it before the Vizier with as many Lyes and false Testimonies as were required or could be invented to give colour to an evil Case The Vizier hearkned most devoutly to all the Allegations and with a bended Brow and a stern Countenance told the Ambassador That he was to answer for the Blood and Estates of the Turks which were lost Aboard our English Ships And again turning to the Pasha told him That his Demands were too unreasonable and extravagant and so mediating as it were sometimes on one side and sometimes on the other with design to take on both hands he at length fairly dismissed the Audience And in the Afternoon made a proposal by his Kaja or Deputy absolutely to supersede the Cause provided that Fifteen purses were given to him and Seven to his Kaja and Reis-Effendi who is Secretary of State. In short after divers Treaties on this Subject an Accommodation was made with a great Sum other businesses being entred and passed in the same Agreement The next which comes into play is the Venetian Bailo or Ambassador who about the beginning of this Year 1680 was sent by that Republick to reside at Constantinople his name was Ciurani a Noble Venetian and one who had formerly been General in Dalmatia he was esteemed an Avaritious and a self-interessed Person a great Merchant and a great Politician and one made up of Intrigues and Designs His first Enterprise which was to Cheat the Turks proved unlucky For having brought a great quantity of Cloth of Gold with him which was his own Merchandize and Adventure he endeavoured to save the Custom by Landing it under the notion of Presents which were to be made to the Grand Seignior and the Officers of his Court. The Goods were privately convey'd a Shoar in the Night by Boats belonging to the Ships of War which had brought the Ambassador and defended by a Guard of Albanians who are a company of lusty Fellows to the number of Thirty maintained by the Republick only to carry Letters to Zara or Cataro in Dalmatia from whence by a Felucca they are Transported to Venice A Party of these Men I say conducted these Goods and in despight of the Customer's Officers carried them to the Bailaggio or House belonging to the Venetian Ambassadors The Customer Usaine Aga who had notice of all that passed dissembled at first his

certainty reported by them That Scanderbeg with an handful of men was fled out of Epirus and not an Enemy to be seen the Turks began to rejoyce and proudly to triumph that they had without any loss driven the Enemy out of the Country yet much grieved that they could no where find any thing to satisfie their greedy desires for why all things were so clean gone as if the Country had been swept against their coming which might have been a sufficient cause for them to have distrusted some great matter but they flattering themselves supposed all this to be done for fear of them upon extream desperation such is the frail condition of men to lose strength of body common sense yea their reason and understanding when some great mischief is appointed for their Overthrow or Destruction The Bassa seeing the Enemy fled and now no cause of fear consulted with his chief Captains what were now best to be done Amesa still perswading him not to remove but there to stay a time and to expect the farther event of matters But the greater number whose opinion prevailed said it was better to go farther into the Country and to take the spoil thereof before the Country people should convey away all their Substance into places of safety as they had done there in Dibra and leave them nothing but the bare ground and empty Cottages By this perswasion the Bassa early next morning in good order set forward commanding by general Proclamation That no man upon pain of death should break his Array or straggle from the Army Yet before he set forward he called Amesa unto him whom after he had highly commended and with great vehemency inveighed against Scanderbeg he with the great applause of the whole Army in the name of Mahomet created him King of Epirus That day he marched not far by reason of the great heat for it was then about the midst of Iuly Yet when he had well wearied himself with that days travel finding neither Enemy nor any thing else worthy to be accounted in any part of a Victory he encamped at night keeping diligent Watch and sending forth his Scouts every way but especially towards Lyssa The next day which was the third day after the Bassaes coming into Epirus he set forward again and came at length into Aemathia and there encamped that night When Scanderbeg flying for fear as the Turks supposed was gone a great way out of their sight towards Lyssa and come even to the Borders of his Kingdom he there staid all the rest of that day And a little before the going down of the Sun he with a few select Horsemen departed from the Army and with painful travel got up to the top of the High Mountains from whence a man might by day well discover all the Plains of Aemathia There he appointed one Peieus Emanuel a politick and valiant Gentleman with certain Horsemen to mark diligently which way the Enemy held and by certain secret and appointed waftings and signs to give knowledge thereof to the Army After such Order taken he returned himself and came again to the Camp after midnight And presently rising with his Army and fetching a compass about came undiscovered and secretly encamped himself as near as he could unto the Mountains where his Scouts lay with Eagles eyes waiting for the least moving of the Enemy The Bassa desirous to get as far as he could into the Country before the heat of the day began early in the morning to set forward and came to the Plains of Pharsalia through the World spoken of for the great battel in them long time before fought between the two most famous Chieftains Caesar and Pompeius and now once more to be made famous by the slaughter of the Turks Here the Enemy finding some stragling Cattel and other small things which the Country people had in their hasty flight left behind them fell to seeking after Booty and as men without fear spent that day in roaming up and down the Country in hope to find something and at night encamped without any great Watch but towards Lyssum from whence they in great security looked for the coming of Scanderbeg and as it were in disgrace of him carried Amesa in Triumph up and down the Camp as if he had been already possessed of the Kingdom of Epirus Scanderbeg lying on the other side of the Mountains perceived by his Espials which way the Enemy lay and with great silence under the covert of the Mountains and Woods secretly bent his course the same way until he came to a Mountain called Tumenist at the foot whereof he encamped that night The next morning the Bassa holding on his way came and encamped not far from the same Mountain and there staid himself with half his Army and sent Amesa with the other half to burn and spoil the Country who about noon returned to the Camp with such prey as he had got with his Souldiers well wearied with travel and the heat of the day Scanderbeg like a careful Housholder who being about to entertain and feast some honourable Personages trusteth not to his Wife and Servants but looketh to the bestowing of his Provision himself carefully ordering and disposing and setting forth all things especially if his Provision for want of ability be short to welcome so great Guests and setting all things forth to the greatest shew seeketh at least to fill the eyes of his Guests although he doubt to satisfie their Appetites so he carfully viewing all the Mountains and thick Woods thereabouts without resting set Moses in one place Tanusius in another and all the rest in places most convenient He appointeth every man what to do and instructeth them and considerth of every particular circumstance himself and so divideth his Forces as might best serve his purpose and make the most terrible shew to the Enemy for which purpose he in every Company placed more Trumpets Drums and other Instruments of War than he had before at any time used When he had so to his most advantage bestowed so many of his Captains and Souldiers as he thought good and as the nature of the places would give leave he with 4000 Horsemen and the like number of Foot speedily marching up the rough Mountain of Tumenist from thence plainly beheld in what Order the Turks Camp lay in the Plains below The Turks especially they which were lately returned with Amesa from the spoil of the Country lay scattered abroad in the fields with their Horses unbridled and unsadled resting their weary bodies some got under the shadows of Trees were victualling themselves some having filled their Bellies lay fast asleep on the green Grass the rest were passing the time some with one kind of sport some with another as Souldiers do in field when they have little or nothing to do for it was then the hottest time both of the year and of the day being about the midst of Iuly and the

together with Priest Sorich Captain of the Morlachs entered into the Enemies Country spoiling burning and destroying wheresoever they came The Morlachs more greedy of Prey than ambitious of Glory divided themselves into small Parties to rob and pillage in which interim they were assaulted by the Turks but being scattered were so far from making a stout resistance that they committed themselves to a shameful flight in which great numbers of them were miserably Butchered nor could the valour of Sorich nor of the Governour Possidaria reduce them by their Examples into any Order whilst together with some few valiant Dalmatians and Morlach Captains they endured the shock of all the Enemies Fury in which Skirmish the Turks lost seven Agas and about seventy Souldiers On the Christians side were killed four hundred some few Slaves and about seventy Ensigns taken amongst the rest the good Priest Sorich scorning to turn his back had the misfortune to fall into the Enemies hands whom they flead alive and afterwards impaled and though they subdued his Body yet he was still master of his mind bearing the same constancy in his Torments as he had shewed Magnanimity and Courage in the Face of his Enemy Whilst these Martial Affairs were transacting with the Blood and Life of many thousands on both sides Sultan Ibrahim like a stout Souldier of Venus waged another War in the Elysiums of Cupid and casting aside all thoughts of Candia remitted the sole care and management thereof to the Vizier and Pashas of the Divan following a Life so lascivious and sensual as can neither be imagined with a chast Fancy or described by a modest Pen. A principal Instrument of his Delights and Engine to compass his Amorous Designs was a certain cast Wench of his which he named Shechir Para which signifies a little piece of Sugar for it seems she was so complaisant and dulcid in her Humour and Discourse as merited that apt Name to express the sweetness of her Conversation this Woman having the convenience to visit all the Baths in Town took notice of every Woman which she saw of more than ordinary Features and Proportion and having enquired her Condition and Dwelling presently reported the same with all advantage to her Sultan who having heard the Beauty described be came passionately Enamoured and could find no repose in his Fancy until his Instruments either by fair words or violence had seduced her or forced her to his Bed. But growing now extravagant and over-wanton in his Amours he fell in love with the Sultana or Widow of his Brother Sultan Morat To win her Affections he had recourse to his Dear Shechir Para who used all her Arts in this Service but her pretty wheedling Terms could prevail nothing on this Lady who answered her in short That at the Death of her Lord Sultan Morat she had resolved upon a perpetual Widowhood for that the memory of him was still so lively in her that she could not entertain the thoughts of admitting any new Embraces This repugnancy and opposition inflamed the heat of Ibrahim like a Feaver so that he resolved to assault her himself one day by force and took his time just as she came out of the Bath but she being a bold Woman and disdaining the wandring loves of Ibrahim laid her hand upon her Dagger which Sultana's and great Ladies usually wear threatning to wound him in her own defence the noise and brawling hereof being over-heard by the Queen-Mother called her from her Retirements and concerned her in the Quarrel who whilst she reproved her Son for the rape he intended on his Brother's Wife gave opportunity to the Sultana to escape and so delivered her out of the hands of this Satyr But Ibrahim mad with love and fuming with disdain to be checked and opposed by his Mother Commanded her immediately to the old Seraglio where he confined her to several days Imprisonment during which time he understood in what manner she had treated his large-siz'd Armenian of whom we have already spoken whereof the Queen-Mother being conscious submitted her self with all humility to her Son begging his Favour and Pardon and so well acted her part by those who carried her Addresses that she overcame quickly his easy Nature and was again restored to his Grace and her Lodgings in the new Seraglio In the mean time Shecher Para travelling over all the Baths in Town to discover new delights for her Master at length had the fortune to cast her Eyes on a Daughter of the Mufti a Maid of Incomparable Beauty and Features of Countenance and proportion of Body which she reported to Ibrahim so sensibly as if she her self had been in love and after she had praised every Part and Member of her she concluded in sum that she was the most Excellent and admirable Piece that ever Nature framed The Sultan had no sooner heard the Story but according to his usual Custom fell most desperatly in love and had immediately without farther consideration or counsel dispatched his Emissaries or without other Preamble Ceremony or Courtship to have fetched her to him had not the sense of the late Rebuff he had received from his Brother's Wife made some impression of fear in him and the apprehension he had of the Power of the Mufti created in him a certain Caution and Respect in the treatment of his Daughter wherefore he rather resolved to send for the Mufti with whom he treated of honourable Terms concerning Marriage promising to take her into his Bosom and prefer her in Honour equal to any other of his Sultana's The old Man who was tender of and doated on his Daughter knowing well the wandring humour of the Sultan in his Amours intended rather to marry her to some great Personage with whom she might be more happy than in being a Soltana for he considered that Ibrahim having already other Sons her Issue would either be Sacrificed for security of their Brothers or else spend their days in a Prison and become Grey-headed whilst they breath in a medium between Life and Death and are sad Recluses in the Grave of their unhappiness These considerations were well imprinted in the mind of the Mufti but because he durst not deny his proposal he dealt with him as Inferiours usually do with their Lords and Superiours that is he returned him thanks expressing infinite Obligations that he would vouchsafe to cast his Princely Eyes on the unworthiness of his Family however he advised him that according to the Canons of their Law of which he was the Expositor and obliged to be a severe and precise Observer it was great Impiety in a Father to impose on the Affections of his Child so that though he could heartily wish that his Daughter would embrace this Honour to which he would exhort her with all the earnest Perswasions of a Father yet if she proved refractory thereunto it would not be becoming his Power to force her and therefore hoped his Majesty would believe that

could far transcend every line of it in Wisedom and Rhetorick which in my opinion is a strange kind of Impudence in the very face of their Prophet who seems to be too proud of the exact disposition and full signification of every word that he judges it not less charming for the sweet sound of its Eloquence than it is convincing for the purity and truth of its Doctrine The great Antagonists to the Moatazali are the Sephati who Assign in God Eternal Attributes of Knowledge Power Life c. And some of them proceed so far and grosly herein that they frame conceptions of corporeal Organs of Sense as of Hearing Seeing and Speech to be in God affirming that those expressions of God's sitting in his Throne Creation of the World by the work of his Hands his Anger against Sin Repentance for man's Conversion which we call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are to be taken in the literal and plain sense and have no need of farther fetched interpretations to clear the true notion of them But yet herein their Doctours seem not to agree some defining a body to be the same as per se subsistens denying it to be an essential propriety of a body to be circumscribed and finite others conclude that it is enough to say that God is great without argument of his circumscription or determination to any particular place with many other strange conceits whereby are made apparent the roving Fancies of Ignorant Men without the Rules or Grounds of Philosophy or Metaphysicks But the soberer sort amongst them who would appear more moderate and wiser than the rest forbid their Scholars to make Comparison of the Senses in God with those of the Creature who being more subtly urged by their severe opponents the Moatazali they were forced to declare themselves more plainly in this manner That the God which they worshipped was a Figure Visible and an object of the Sight consisting of parts Spiritual and Corporeal to which local Motion might be agreeable but that his Flesh and Bloud his Eyes and Ears his Tongue and Hands were not of any similitude with created substances but were of another Crasis and Mixture which subjected them to no Distemper or Corruption in proof whereof they alledge the words of Mahomet That God created Man aft●r his own likeness And all other of those examples drawn from the Holy Scriptures with which the Alchoran is filled and where in familiar expressions the Divinity is pleased to condescend to the infirmity of humane Capacity The next Sect is that of the Kadari who deny wholly the Divine Decree or Predestination affirming that every man is a free Agent from whose will as from the first principle all good and bad actions flow and are derived so that as with just reason God crowns man's good Works with the Rewards of Bliss and Felicity so on the other justly punishes his evil Actions in this World and in the next to come and this they style the Doctrine of Equity and define it to be a measure of man's actions according to the rectitude and disposition of that right line which the prime Intellect hath drawn out of wisedoms proportions This opinion is absolutely rejected as heterodox in the Mahometan Religion and yet it is not fully determined how Mahomet moderated in the dispute between Adam and Moses whom an Arabian Doctour comically introduced pleading and justifying themselves before God. Moses beginning first reproached Adam that he was one immediately created by the proper hand of God in whom the Divine Nature breathed the Breath of Life whom Angels were made to adore placed and seated in Paradise and fortified with actual graces against the enormities and crooked irregularities of inferiour affections from which happy state that he should fall and precipitate Mankind together with himself his crime was aggravated with all the degrees of his former perfection Adam to excuse himself replyed in this manner Thou Moses whom God hath called to a familiar parly revealed his Will and Pleasure unto in those engraven Tables where all Morality and Vertue is contained resolve me this one Quere and difficult Probleme How many years before I was created dost thou find that the Law was wrote Moses answered Forty And did you find reply'd Adam that Adam rebelled against his Lord and sinned to which Moses answering in the affirmative Do you blame me then said he for executing that which God forty years before predestinated and designed me unto and not onely forty years but many Myriads of Ages before either the Heavens or Earth were framed Mahomet confounded as the Kadari report with this Argument left the question undetermined though his followers as Men are most prone to errour generally entertain the contrary Tenent The great Enemies diametrically opposed to these are the Iabari or Giabari who maintain that a man hath no power over his Will or Actions but is wholly moved by a Superiour Agent and that God hath a power over his Creatures to design them to Happiness or to Misery as seems best to his Divine pleasure but in the explication of this opinion they proceed in the most rigorous manner and say that man is wholly necessitated and compelled in all his actions that neither his Will nor Power nor Election is in himself and that God creates in him his actions as he doth in Inanimate and Vegetable creatures the first principle of their Life and Essence and as the Tree may be said to produce Fruit the Water to run the Stone to move downwards so are the Actions in Man for which yet there is a reward and a punishment properly and necessarily allotted This point is very subtily controverted by the Arabian Doctours to which how the Turks are addicted we shall farther discourse in the Chapter of Predestination The Sect of Morgi are the great Favourers and Patrons of the Mahometan Re●igion maintaining that a Musselman or Believer though guilty of the grossest sins is not punished for them in this World nor receives his absolution or condemnation after death untill the day of Resurrection and Judgment and farther that as impiety with the true belief shall never be punished so Piety and good Works proceeding from a false and erroneous Faith is of no validity or power conducing to the fruition of the joys of Paradise And to these may not improperly be compared some Sectaries in England who have vented in their Pulpits that God sees no sin in his Children and that the infidelity of Sarah being of the house of the faithfull is more acceptable to God than the Alms Prayers and Repentance of an erroneous Believer without the Pa●e and Covenant of grace The opposite Sect to these are the Waidi who esteem that a man fallen into any great or mortal sin is put into the condition of a deserter of his Faith and though ●e be a professour of the true Belief shall yet without recovery for ever be punished in

and Commanders of his Forces on the Frontiers carefully to abstain from Incursions within the Dominions of the Turks And a little to asswage the exasperated Spirits of his discontented Subjects he resolves to treat them with more kindness and gentle usage than formerly And in the mean time for fear of the worst and to provide against the dangers so imminently hanging over their heads he gave Orders that a Survey should be made of all the Magazines and Arsenals on the Frontiers and an account taken of the Cannon and Arms. But the Emperor remain'd not long in these doubtful apprehensions before he receiv'd Intelligence from his Envoy lately dispatch'd to Constantinople to found the minds and intentions of the Vizier year 1671. that the Grand Seignior did not design a War against the Emperor and that he had refus'd to hear or receive any Propositions made by the Malecontents For whether it was that this Vizier out of a Principle of Justice deny'd to side or joyn with Rebels against their own Prince or out of a sence of Honour to that Peace which he himself having made did esteem Sacred Or whether it was that he thought a War against Poland at that time would be more Honourable and Advantageous to the Empire or perhaps all these Considerations together might divert him from designs against Hungary The War was reserv'd for another Vizier and until the space of ten years afterwards of which dismal effects we shall discourse in their due places In the mean time the Emperor dispatch'd Secretary Perez with Presents to the Grand Seignior and Grand Vizier to confirm the Peace and renew the Truce for so it may be call'd rather than a Peace of twenty years longer the which Presents were accepted and all matters establish'd to the satisfaction of both Princes Now had the Emperor time to seize on the forfeited Estates of the three Counts who were lately Executed for High Treason so their Jewels and Plate which were very valuable together with the Treasure of Nadasti who was Richer than all the others were carried on 8 Waggons to Vienna and the Castle of Puttendorf with the Gardens and Houses of Pleasure belonging to Nadasti were given to General Montecuculi Nor were the moveables of Tekeli the Father lately deceas'd year 1671. together with his Rich Furniture Jewels Plate and Horses of high price less considerable than those of the afore-mention'd Lords all which were converted to the use of the Emperor The Prince Ragotski who as we have said before proceeded more warily than his other Associates had seasonably made his peace with the Emperor and obtain'd his Pardon on Condition that he should renounce his right of Sovereignty over the Town of Trenschin That he should send 200000 Florins to that Town for payment of the Garrison there and should send a like Sum to the Emperor's Coffers at Vienna and that he should out of his own Revenue maintain 500 Soldiers in the upper Hungary and supply them with Ammunition and all things necessary for the War. About this time the Inhabitants and Soldiers of Kalo and Tokai fell at variance together about their Quarters and Provisions and at Cassovia the Citizens Conspir'd to make a Massacre in one Night of all the German Soldiers but the Plot being discover'd both sides came to an open Fight together which continu'd long but at length the Soldiers gain'd the advantage having kill'd and made Prisoners almost all the Citizens This Accident made but an ill preparation for a Diet which the Emperor had Summon'd to meet at Presburg on the first day of the ensuing year and call'd thereunto by especial Writ all the Nobility and Deputies of the upper and the lower Hungary But when the time came there was but a small appearance most of the Deputies declaring that they absented themselves by reason that they would not concur with their own consents to the abrogation of their ancient Laws and Privileg1es of their Country which the Emperor design'd to reduce to the same Constitution with that of his Hereditary Dominions Other Deputies refus'd appear without Letters of License or safe Conducts and Pardons from the Emperor for what was formerly done by them in the late Commotions But this Act of Grace and Clemency being deny'd by reason of that constant Correspondence which the Malecontents held with the Turks the Emperor's Commissioners namely the Count Rothal who was Chief Plenipotentiary the Archbishop of Gran and others proceeded to open the Diet upon the 24 th of Ianuary to which time the Assembly was adjourn'd but neither then nor on the 3 d of February to which time a farther adjournment was made not one of the Deputies of the upper Hungary making their Appearance his Majesty being desirous to provide for the safety of his Subjects even against their own wills made this following Declaration which we have thought fit to insert for better understanding of this History and contracted for brevity thereof LEOPOLD by the Grace of God Emperor of the Romans c. This is to make known unto all Men that having happily extinguish'd the Fire of Rebellion in this Our Kingdom of Hungary and punish'd those ungrateful Persons who were the Chief Incendiaries and who growing wanton with those Benefits which We had heaped upon them violated their Bonds of Allegiance to Us and seducing to their Party many of the Nobility with divers Towns and all the Estates of this Kingdom call'd Strangers to their aid and assistance and rais'd an Army to oppose Our Power and Dominion In pursuance whereof they Besieg'd Tokai where We had plac'd a Garrison kill'd great numbers of Our Soldiers taken the Convoys which we had sent for supply of Zatmar fought against that Army which We had sent to suppress the Troubles of Hungary and to abate and diminish Our Authority several-unlawful Assemblies were held for contriving and carrying on a War against Us by which Councels Our good Subjects being disturb'd the Turks Invited into Our Dominions Our Royal Treasury pillag'd Incursions made into Austria Stiria Moravia and other Our Hereditary Dominions and at length a Conspiracy was made against Our Life which was prevented by the Divine Providence of God Almighty And now whereas it is a Duty incumbent on Us to provide for the safety of those People which God hath committed to Our Charge and that Christendom and Hungary may not for the future be expos'd to the like Disorders We have by Our Absolute Power and Imperial Authority made an exact Regulation of the Military Quarters allotting the number of Soldiers which every County is to maintain and the Orders and Decorum which Soldiers are to keep that they may not molest or trouble the Inhabitants where they are Quarter'd And We require all Persons concern'd without Excuse Delay or Conditions whatsoever to submit unto that power which God hath given Us over them which We have been compell'd to maintain by force of

Discontents which arose upon these two unhappy Accidents occasioned as they talked by the neglect and ill Conduct of the Officers Nor was the Resolution of abandoning the City of Pest less approved thô the Fortifications were demolished the Walls and Gates Blown up and the most considerable Bulwarks demolished Howsoever those who conceived another Opinion alledged That the Masters of the Field would be able to maintain that Fortress in despight of the ill Neighbours on the other side And that it would be difficult and a great loss of Men and time to recover that place whensoever a fairer opportunity presented to renew the Siege of Buda Others of a contrary sense produced opposite Arguments all People blaming each other as is usual in Sinister events when matters succeed in an unlucky manner different to the first conceived hopes The Duke of Loraine before he would leave the Army saw the several Troops disposed in their respective Winter-quarters The Imperialists were lodged in Comorra and the Parts adjacent and as many as these places could not contain were sent to Silesia Moravia and Bohemia The Bavarians advanced into the Counties of Arva Czepus Lipze Saraz and other places appointed for them The Seraskier having information of the several Quarters and of the Troops which were lodged in them gathered what Forces he was able to the number of 18.000 Men with which passing the River he Sate down before Wazia or Vualtz a place defended by Five hundred Soldiers belonging to the Regiment of Thaun and Commanded by the Lieutenant Colonel only The Fortifications were chiefly the Breasts of the Soldiers there being only an old Wall in many places Ruinous and a few weak Palisadoes unable and unfit for the least Defence The Turks encouraged with these advantages stormed the place on all sides the Imperialists repelled their Force with Force and defended themselves with as much Bravery as was possible to do with such unequal numbers But finding it at length impossible unless by Miracle to sustain so mighty a Force without hopes of Relief they agreed to Capitulate and sent Propositions of Surrender The which being accepted and the Articles signed the Gates were opened with intention that the Christians might march out and leave the Town to the Possession of the Enemy but instead thereof the Turks rushed in and with their drawn Cymiters killed and massacred all before them It was then to no purpose to call out and revile them with the breach of Faith and violation of Articles having the Seraskier's Commands not to observe them or lend an Ear nor did it much avail to use resistance the Enemy being already in the midst of them all that could be done was to sell their Lives at the dearest rate In fine This Tragedy ended with the Slaughter and Butchery of this whole Party which was much lamented at the Court of Vienna as a loss of the highest concernment that Regiment consisting of old experienced and veteran Soldiers Men of approved Valour and long inured to Labour and Sufferings This Misfortune also was become the common Discourse of the Army blaming the Officers for assigning Quarters at so far distance from other Succours which was to sacrifice the Lives of so many brave Men without any regard to the Fury of the Enemy and if Pest which was a Walled and well Fortified Town and capable of making Resistance was to be Demolished and Dismantled only because it was esteemed too far distant from Succours and Relief how much rather should Vualts or Vualtz have been judged an improper and dangerous Quarter which was but an open Town without other defence than the naked Breasts of the poor Soldiery Thus ended this Campagne unluckily in respect to the Siege of Buda and the Successes which followed thô in other Parts Fortune smiled on the Christian Arms for General Schultz took Barsfeldt Situated on the Frontiers of Poland after a Siege of three Days thô it be a place encompassed with a deep Ditch full of Water and good Walls and Fortified with Towers Redoubts and Ramparts The Garrison consisted of Four hundred Men belonging to Tekeli of which Three hundred after the Surrender took up Arms for the Emperor and One hundred which refused were Convoyed as far as Ragowitz Likewise General Schultz took the Castle of Stropko belonging to the Malecontents by Surrender upon Composition therein were Eleven Brass Guns with Ammunition and Provisions for War He took also the Castle of Makovitz Count Zober who Commanded the Hungarian Troops at Neutra Surprized the Castle at Suram whilst the greatest part of the Garrison was gone out to seek for Forage But these small advantages made but a poor amends for greater losses the sense whereof served to move Anger and desire of Revenge in the generous Breasts of the Soldiery and to quicken the Imperial Councils to make Preparations against the next Campagne And in regard Newhausel was in the first place aimed at as a Prize for the ensuing Year General Heysler was Ordered to enlarge his Quarters in all parts round the City that so keeping it continually Blocked up the Conquest thereof might be render'd much more easie at that time when the Season of the Year should make it convenient for an Army to make a nearer approach But before we conclude the Successes of this Year we must not omit and pass by the Actions of the King of Poland of whom we have Wrote and declared such Heroick and generous Enterprises and Atchievements in the Relation of the last Year's Wars For being one of the Allies of the Empire we are not to be silent of him but give him a place in this History as well as we have already done unto our Confederates the Venetians Thô we shall not need to be very Prolix in our Relations of his great Prowess and Deeds which fell very Flat and in no manner agreeable to his first beginnings The King of Poland enter'd not the Field this Year until the middle of August when on the 22 d of that Month he took a Review of his Army near unto Budziack and the next Day he Detached a considerable Party to Invest Iaslowitz a Town about two Leagues distant from the Camp and towards the Evening marched thither in Person with the rest of his Army The next Day Summons were sent to the Town commanding them to Surrender To which the Governour made this reply That the Town was committed to him by the Grand Seignior and accordingly he would defend the same unto the last Extremity Hereupon Batteries were raised and the Cannon having played upon the Town for the space of two or three Days the Defendants thought fit to Capitulate and Hostages being given the Town was Surrender'd on the 26 th when the Garrison to the number of Five hundred Men marched out with their Arms and Colours Flying After this the King marched to Swaniec Situate on the Niester over which having made a Bridge he passed

on the 17 th about eight a Clock in the Morning the new Grand Seignior went by Boat from the Seraglio to Eiub where the Nakib Effendi or Chief of Mahomet's Kindred Girt him with the Sword which is a Ceremony answering to our Coronation and having said Noon-Prayers at that place and all the Ceremonies ended he rode from the Mosch in a Solemn Cavalcade through the City back to the Seraglio but not with such Splendor and Magnificence as had been done in the time of the Grand Seigniors his Predecessors All People crouded as we may believe to see the Features and Fashion of their new Sultan of whose Person and Abilities Reports had created already a high Expectation He was of a long lean pale Visage but not of an ungrateful Aspect his Eyes were full and black and his Beard was black but somewhat grisly what his Qualications of Mind were will be more evidently discovered hereafter and come then more properly to be described in their due place But in the mean time we may reflect that the change of the person of the Prince could not be of much advantage to the Publick For what the other did out of a remiss and voluptuous Humour attending only to his Divertisements and leaving the Care and Management of all his Affairs to the Contrivance and Conduct of his Ministers this Grand Seignior must now do out of necessity being wholly unexperienced in the World having all his Life been kept up in a Chamber without other Conversation than that of a few Eunuchs some old Women and two or three Hogiaes or Masters to assist him in his Studies As Books were his Entertainment in his confined Life so ●he seemed to have had an affection for them in the choice he made of Kupriogli for his Favourite who was esteemed in that Country a learned Man and to have had the best Library of any in that whole Empire It was said That he had promised his deposed Brother all security of his Life and that he should be kept in the same manner as he was and that he might allow him what comfort he could in that manner of Life he suffered his Children to be with him for some Days but they were afterwards by the Councils of others taken from him and lodged apart His other Brother Achmet the Companion with him in his Imprisonment he visited and promised to be kind to him but he was not perfect Master of his Senses of which we shall speak more when we come to see him on the Throne after the Death of Sultan Solyman The Hazaki Sultana or Empress of the deposed Sultan was sent to the old Seraglio there to remain until Death or some other Revolution of Fortune shall release her In the place of her the Mother of the present Grand Seignior who for some years was reported to be dead appeared alive and removed from the old Seraglio to her Son but she was a little Maddish Thus were all things turned up-side down all the great Officers of the Empire except the Captain Pasha or Admiral being changed Which when a Man seriously considers and that these Revolutions were carried on by common Soldiers one would admire that they should pass with so little Confusion or Blood-shed For except those six which were killed in the Army and Cuchiuck Mahomet at Constantinople in a Military Fury there was only Solyman and Regeb cut off for the Death of Ibrahim at Rhodes did not proceed from them but from Regeb As to the daily Insolences in the Streets they were not committed by the Spahees but by poor Drunken Ianisaries who had neither Money nor Cloths and therewith would be supplied from Christians and Iews and Turks too But this was no new thing but what had been formerly practised by the baser sort of the Soldiers as often as they came from the War or were shortly going thither And now since things were thus changed some Reformation was expected and that was to begin in the Seraglio where the first and most plausible thing was the Retrenchment of the Expences which during the time of the late Sultan had been excessive the very Barly for the Horses costing One thousand five hundred Dollars or Three hundred pounds Sterling a Day the number of the Hawks and Dogs with the People who attended them was vast all which were ordered to be reduced for the present Sultan took so little delight in these Divertisements tha● he was to learn how to Ride and the Stables were to be reduced to a Hundred Horse one Hundred and fifty of the Pages were to be made Spahees and the rest were to be changed and new ones put into their places The same was to be performed in the Courts and Chambers of the Women so that the Retrenchments made were calculated to amount unto Eight thousand Purses of Money a year every Purse being Five hundred Dollars and may be accounted to be almost a Million of pounds Sterling The Greyhounds and Dogs of which there were many Hundreds kept in the Seraglio for the use of the late Sultan were all let loose and suffered to run about the Streets of Constantinople where they might have starved had not the godly Men whose Religion consists much in feeding Dogs and Cats taken Compassion on them and fed them daily with Bread from the Bakers Shops These Retrenchments of expence in the Seraglio pleased the Soldiers wonderfully hoping that thereby the more Money would be coming to them and so they continued very observant and quiet during all the time that the Money was paying out but so soon as that began to fail and fall short they became as troublesome as ever assembling with great Insolence at the Vizier's House threw Stones at his Windows storming and raging like Mad-men until such time as with fair words and promises of Money within a few Days they were for a while appeased Thus far had the Soldiery found the ways to raise Money but now they being at a stand it was the Vizier's turn to set on foot some new invention or conjuration for more But so empty and drained were all the great Banks that no other way could be thought on but only to go over the rich Men once more and to squeeze them to the last Dreggs of all their Estates to perform which they began with the old Kuzlir Aga who obtained his Liberty upon payment of Nine hundred Purses in all besides his Furniture and Curiosities which were taken from him to a great value and after that he had the favour to be Banisht to Grand Cairo The Hasnadar Aga who as we have said succeeded him was displaced and paid Two hundred Purses and the Aga of the old Seraglio was made Kuzlir Aga which Promotion was according to the ancient Methods that every one should rise and succeed gradually and favoured something of a Reformation But because this new Tax would not reach the entire Sum required for