componere_fw-la curem_fw-la non_fw-la magis_fw-la esse_fw-la velim_fw-la quam_fw-la pravo_fw-la vivere_fw-la naso_n shall_v i_o indite_v i_o have_v as_o lief_a my_o nose_n shall_v stand_v awry_o as_o fair_o to_o begin_v my_o work_n and_o patch_v up_o bunger_o it_o also_o a_o very_a memorable_a example_n for_o we_o may_v mingle_v thing_n thus_o holy_a with_o profane_a which_o we_o read_v in_o our_o english_a chronicle_n concern_v one_o ebba_n a_o abbess_n in_o a_o certain_a nunnery_n who_o cut_v of_o she_o own_o nose_n &_o the_o nose_n of_o her_o nun_n that_o be_v so_o deform_v they_o history_n a_o history_n may_v avoid_v the_o hateful_a lust_n of_o the_o dane_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o nose_n be_v the_o chief_a ornament_n of_o the_o face_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n when_o they_o will_v put_v any_o man_n to_o great_a disgrace_n and_o ignominy_n or_o disappoint_v they_o of_o all_o hope_n of_o attain_v to_o any_o degree_n of_o honour_n or_o the_o 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violence_n but_o cut_v short_a a_o whole_a troop_n of_o commendation_n we_o will_v proceed_v unto_o the_o hear_n which_o no_o voice_n no_o not_o a_o river_n of_o eloquence_n be_v able_a to_o extol_v with_o due_a praise_n if_o we_o do_v but_o contemplate_v the_o cunning_a skill_n and_o diligence_n which_o nature_n have_v use_v in_o the_o fabric_n of_o this_o organ_n &_o more_o accurat_o intend_v how_o many_o wind_a involution_n burrow_n eare._n the_o wonnd_a full_a work_n of_o the_o eare._n hole_n shell_n den_n and_o dark_a cave_n like_o labyrinth_n she_o have_v prepare_v and_o furnish_v therein_o i_o add_v further_o that_o by_o the_o benefit_n hereof_o we_o attain_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o science_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o tully_n do_v equalise_v we_o with_o the_o go_n for_o these_o art_n be_v not_o ingraft_v in_o we_o by_o nature_n but_o to_o be_v obtain_v otherwhere_o for_o say_v lactantius_n it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o god_n and_o not_o of_o man_n to_o have_v proper_a knowledge_n that_o be_v arise_v out_o of_o himself_o mind_n hear_v be_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o this_o cause_n nature_n have_v by_o a_o divine_a skill_n make_v the_o ear_n open_a that_o we_o may_v always_o hear_v when_o learned_a man_n shall_v teach_v &_o discourse_v learned_o and_o lay_v up_o in_o the_o register_n of_o our_o mind_n that_o which_o we_o have_v hear_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o constantinus_n call_v hear_v the_o door_n of_o the_o mind_n because_o hereby_o we_o enter_v into_o the_o knowledge_n of_o other_o man_n conceit_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v conclude_v within_o be_v as_o it_o be_v unlock_v and_o lay_v open_a by_o this_o sense_n of_o hear_v but_o some_o will_v haply_o say_v that_o we_o may_v attain_v unto_o knowledge_n by_o read_v without_o any_o help_n of_o hear_v we_o answer_v thus_o that_o no_o man_n know_v how_o to_o read_v which_o have_v not_o first_o learn_v it_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o hear_v i_o will_v omit_v that_o which_o be_v sound_a by_o experience_n that_o a_o live_n and_o audible_a voice_n do_v better_a instruct_v then_o the_o silent_a read_n of_o book_n and_o that_o thing_n hear_v take_v a_o deep_a impression_n in_o the_o mind_n then_o those_o which_o be_v only_o read_v and_o hence_o haply_o be_v plinte_n bring_v to_o believe_v the_o memory_n have_v his_o place_n in_o the_o memory_n hear_v be_v the_o sense_n of_o memory_n low_a part_n of_o the_o eare._n other_o there_o be_v who_o do_v call_v hear_v the_o sense_n of_o memory_n whence_o in_o their_o hieroglyphic_n they_o be_v wont_v to_o decipher_v and_o paint_v memory_n a_o hand_n hold_v a_o ear_n i_o also_o pass_v this_o by_o that_o hear_v be_v after_o a_o sort_n the_o spy_n of_o the_o life_n and_o manner_n whereupon_o isocrates_n desirous_a to_o try_v the_o towardness_n of_o a_o young_a man_n who_o he_o see_v speak_v say_v he_o that_o i_o may_v see_v and_o in_o holy_a writ_n job_n command_v that_o they_o bend_v their_o ear_n and_o see_v account_v for_o certain_a that_o the_o hear_v be_v the_o very_a mean_n of_o discern_v &_o judge_v of_o man_n mind_n but_o the_o desire_n i_o have_v of_o brevity_n command_v i_o to_o abridge_v my_o discourse_n there_o remain_v now_o of_o the_o external_a sense_n only_a sight_n which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o superior_a and_o above_o the_o sight_n the_o praise_n of_o sight_n precedent_a sense_n in_o dignity_n and_o honour_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o whit_n inferior_a to_o any_o of_o they_o i_o say_v in_o dignity_n not_o in_o necessity_n for_o if_o thereby_o we_o esteem_v their_o prerogative_n sight_n must_v come_v behind_o but_o if_o you_o respect_v the_o situation_n the_o conformation_n and_o the_o use_n of_o this_o organ_n you_o may_v pronounce_v it_o more_o worthy_a by_o many_o degree_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o for_o their_o situation_n and_o place_n it_o be_v in_o the_o most_o erect_a region_n and_o divine_a part_n beside_o figure_n from_o their_o place_n figure_n provident_a nature_n have_v on_o every_o side_n bound_v they_o with_o a_o concavous_a valley_n they_o have_v asphericall_a or_o round_a figure_n which_o be_v no_o small_a argument_n of_o their_o excellency_n see_v nature_n be_v never_o wont_a to_o use_v this_o noble_a figure_n but_o when_o she_o endevoure_v to_o effect_v some_o difficult_a or_o excellent_a work_n and_o for_o their_o use_n we_o may_v thence_o easy_o infer_v their_o pre-eminence_n for_o beside_o that_o they_o watch_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o creature_n detect_v thing_n hurtful_a manifest_v thing_n profitable_a and_o lay_v open_a the_o difference_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o large_a universe_n they_o bring_v we_o unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n so_o that_o they_o alone_o be_v fit_a and_o sufficient_a for_o invention_n and_o discovery_n of_o art_n and_o which_o be_v the_o most_o all_o they_o do_v make_v manifest_a the_o great_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n by_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v visible_a in_o the_o blind_a and_o use_v the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o the_o blind_a knowledge_n of_o who_o do_v our_o chief_a happiness_n consist_v they_o therefore_o which_o be_v destitute_a of_o these_o most_o divine_a organ_n may_v true_o profess_v themselves_o miserable_a see_v they_o remain_v in_o perpetual_a darkness_n can_v admire_v and_o contemplate_v the_o work_n of_o almighty_a god_n nor_o behold_v the_o infinite_a variety_n of_o the_o kind_n of_o thing_n neither_o yet_o dare_v ever_o affirm_v that_o they_o know_v any_o thing_n certain_o because_o of_o force_n they_o must_v believe_v that_o which_o the_o hear_v relate_v to_o they_o from_o other_o that_o spiritual_a and_o most_o noble_a object_n of_o the_o eye_n i_o mean_v the_o light_n which_o be_v they_o queen_n of_o all_o quality_n who_o do_v not_o admire_v and_o hence_o also_o conclude_v the_o supremacy_n of_o this_o sense_n for_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o fruition_n of_o light_n do_v distinguish_v life_n from_o death_n do_v noble_a the_o object_n of_o the_o eye_n most_o noble_a not_o hypocrates_n the_o pillar_n of_o physic_n propound_v unto_o we_o most_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o eye_n by_o these_o as_o by_o window_n we_o may_v pry_v into_o and_o penetrate_v the_o deep_a and_o most_o secret_a convayance_n in_o the_o soul_n and_o therefore_o alexander_n not_o unaduised_o say_v that_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o lookingglass_n of_o the_o souâ—e_n whereupon_o some_o famous_a philosopher_n have_v place_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o eye_n for_o these_o eye_n do_v burn_v and_o shine_v they_o twinkle_n they_o wink_v they_o be_v sorrowful_a they_o laugh_v they_o admire_v they_o love_v they_o lust_n they_o flatter_v and_o in_o one_o word_n they_o decipher_v and_o paint_v the_o image_n of_o the_o
sense_n do_v continualle_o suffer_v something_o from_o the_o sensible_a object_n for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n ignorant_a that_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o sensation_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o unlike_a the_o sense_n &_o the_o object_n be_v unlike_a sense_n be_v convert_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n but_o it_o can_v be_v convert_v but_o by_o alteration_n because_o thing_n of_o a_o unlike_a nature_n can_v be_v make_v of_o one_o nature_n except_o the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v change_v but_o the_o sense_n and_o object_n be_v of_o a_o unlike_a condition_n and_o this_o be_v it_o where-upon_a aristotle_n so_o oft_o beat_v that_o the_o sense_n be_v potential_o that_o which_o the_o sensible_a thing_n be_v actual_o and_o real_o and_o except_v the_o sense_n do_v pass_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o organ_n sensation_n can_v be_v perform_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o sense_n the_o object_n must_v alter_v the_o sense_n sensible_a thing_n do_v alter_v the_o sense_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o it_o own_o nature_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n often_o time_n call_v sense_n a_o alteration_n for_o so_o sense_n be_v make_v now_o if_o the_o sense_n be_v alter_v and_o change_v by_o the_o object_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o must_v suffer_v because_o the_o sensible_a thing_n when_o it_o alter_v the_o sense_n work_v upon_o it_o hence_o it_o be_v more_o than_o manifest_a that_o sense_n be_v not_o perfect_v by_o a_o simple_a action_n qvest._n vii_o placentinus_n his_o opinion_n if_o therefore_o sense_n be_v perfect_v neither_o by_o action_n nor_o passion_n how_o shall_v we_o together_o sense_n be_v absolve_v by_o action_n and_o passion_n together_o say_v that_o it_o be_v perform_v i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v absolve_v and_o perfect_v neither_o by_o action_n only_a nor_o by_o passion_n only_o but_o by_o both_o together_o that_o be_v both_o by_o action_n and_o passion_n that_o action_n be_v requisite_a unto_o sense_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o negative_a part_n before_o refute_v we_o will_v add_v some_o argument_n wherewith_o we_o be_v purpose_v reason_n that_o action_n be_v requisite_a reason_n for_o the_o present_a to_o confirm_v the_o affirmative_a and_o first_o if_o sense_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o act_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o vegetative_a faculty_n shall_v be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o sensative_a because_o that_o to_o do_v be_v more_o noble_a then_o to_o suffer_v but_o no_o man_n doubt_n that_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o vegetative_a soul_n be_v active_a wherefore_o least_o we_o shall_v fall_v into_o a_o absurdity_n unheard_a of_o and_o monstrous_a we_o must_v grant_v that_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n be_v also_o active_a furthermore_o if_o the_o sense_n shall_v not_o work_v they_o be_v in_o vain_a give_v we_o by_o nature_n because_o the_o organ_n only_o will_v have_v suffice_v we_o for_o passion_n again_o if_o the_o sense_n be_v only_o passive_a neither_o can_v the_o sight_n see_v nor_o the_o hear_n hear_v nor_o the_o smell_n perform_v his_o own_o function_n neither_o be_v any_o such_o like_a predication_n true_a of_o the_o other_o sense_n because_o these_o predication_n do_v intimate_v that_o the_o sense_n do_v produce_v out_o of_o itself_o a_o act_n of_o sensation_n four_o sensation_n be_v a_o operation_n of_o life_n and_o therefore_o proceed_v from_o a_o internal_a and_o active_a original_n of_o motion_n for_o life_n be_v a_o internal_a motion_n be_v what_o life_n be_v perform_v by_o that_o which_o live_v unless_o therefore_o you_o grant_v that_o sensation_n be_v a_o action_n soul_n sense_n be_v a_o operation_n of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n it_o can_v be_v a_o operation_n of_o life_n last_o sensation_n be_v a_o second_o act_n and_o the_o sensative_a soul_n be_v a_o first_o act_n for_o to_o perceive_v be_v a_o operation_n of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n beside_o many_o other_o place_n affirm_v in_o the_o 7._o chapter_n and_o the_o 127._o text_n of_o the_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la that_o to_o perceive_v be_v something_o more_o than_o the_o suffering_n of_o the_o sense_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_v that_o sense_n be_v a_o action_n how_o it_o be_v a_o passion_n have_v be_v before_o declare_v but_o it_o may_v here_o be_v doubt_v by_o what_o question_n question_n mean_v two_o agent_n can_v concur_v unto_o one_o act_n of_o sensation_n and_o this_o doubt_n be_v worthy_a the_o note_n for_o if_o the_o sensible_a species_n do_v make_v sensation_n and_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n do_v together_o therewith_o perfect_a the_o same_o action_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v two_o immediate_a effective_a or_o operative_a principle_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n which_o be_v impossible_a because_o that_o sense_n witness_n aristotle_n in_o the_o 9_o chap._n of_o the_o 9_o book_n of_o his_o metaph_n be_v a_o issue_a action_n now_o a_o issue_v &_o simple_a action_n can_v proceed_v from_o two_o immediate_a agent_n real_o distinct_a again_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o issue_a action_n shall_v proceed_v from_o solution_n sense_n be_v a_o immanent_a action_n solution_n a_o outward_a original_n but_o from_o that_o whereout_a it_o ought_v to_o arise_v and_o to_o be_v perfect_v for_o the_o enodation_n and_o resolution_n of_o these_o difficulty_n and_o the_o explication_n of_o a_o double_a truth_n we_o must_v know_v that_o sense_n be_v many_o way_n to_o be_v understand_v first_o as_o it_o be_v a_o reception_n of_o the_o species_n and_o so_o it_o be_v a_o passion_n for_o in_o that_o respect_n it_o suffer_v of_o the_o object_n and_o of_o this_o do_v aristotle_n understand_v that_o where_o he_o say_v that_o to_o perceive_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o passion_n or_o suffering_n second_o as_o it_o be_v a_o discern_a and_o know_v of_o the_o object_n by_o the_o species_n receive_v into_o the_o sense_n and_o so_o it_o be_v a_o action_n for_o so_o the_o faculty_n do_v work_v upon_o the_o species_n and_o so_o the_o sight_n do_v see_v and_o the_o hear_n hear_v and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o be_v aristotle_n to_o be_v understand_v when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sense_n be_v active_a three_o and_o last_o sense_n be_v take_v for_o both_o together_o to_o wit_n for_o a_o action_n and_o passion_n when_o as_o the_o whole_a sensation_n that_o be_v the_o perfect_a act_n of_o sense_n be_v understand_v for_o first_o unto_o the_o perfection_n of_o sensation_n there_o be_v need_n of_o passion_n or_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o organ_n from_o whence_o afterward_o follow_v the_o action_n of_o the_o faculty_n which_o aristotle_n do_v excellent_o note_v where_o he_o say_v that_o sensation_n begin_v at_o the_o instrument_n and_o body_n and_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o soul_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o discern_a of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n sense_n begin_v in_o the_o body_n and_o end_n in_o the_o soul_n faculty_n do_v accomplish_v a_o perfect_a sensation_n the_o same_o also_o must_v we_o understand_v when_o he_o say_v that_o to_o perceive_v be_v a_o second_o act_n &_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n a_o first_o act_n because_o to_o perceive_v be_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n thus_o therefore_o may_v the_o difficulty_n propound_v be_v easy_o resolve_v and_o so_o aristotle_n redeem_v from_o contradiction_n qvest._n viii_o how_o the_o faculty_n be_v wrought_v in_o the_o sense_n see_v that_o as_o galen_n in_o the_o 6._o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la witness_v alteration_n question_n sense_n be_v no_o alteration_n but_o a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o alteration_n sense_n be_v not_o a_o alteration_n but_o a_o discern_a or_o know_v of_o the_o alteration_n because_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n be_v not_o affect_v with_o the_o object_n but_o only_o the_o organ_n it_o may_v therefore_o here_o worthy_o be_v doubt_v how_o the_o faculty_n can_v attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o object_n see_v it_o suffer_v nothing_o from_o it_o neither_o do_v the_o object_n act_n before_o the_o faculty_n perceive_v for_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n be_v a_o know_v and_o diiudication_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n but_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n can_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o object_n except_o that_o either_o the_o faculty_n be_v some_o way_n affect_v by_o the_o object_n or_o the_o object_n by_o the_o faculty_n but_o neither_o of_o these_o can_v be_v for_o first_o the_o object_n can_v work_v upon_o the_o faculty_n because_o a_o incorporeal_a thing_n be_v not_o affect_v faculty_n the_o object_n can_v work_v upon_o the_o faculty_n by_o that_o which_o be_v corporeal_a but_o the_o faculty_n be_v incorporeal_a and_o the_o object_n corporeal_a beside_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o passion_n and_o therefore_o neither_o be_v
her_o faculty_n capable_a neither_o can_v the_o sensative_a faculty_n alter_v or_o change_v the_o object_n and_o this_o be_v plain_a as_o solution_n the_o faculty_n can_v change_v the_o object_n solution_n by_o many_o other_o reason_n so_o also_o because_o her_o sole_a and_o only_a action_n be_v sensation_n i_o say_v therefore_o how_o come_v it_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o object_n and_o what_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o diiudication_n or_o judgement_n which_o the_o faculty_n give_v of_o the_o sensible_a object_n which_o we_o perceive_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o organ_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n do_v suffer_v and_o be_v change_v by_o the_o object_n not_o by_o organ_n the_o organ_n be_v change_v by_o itself_o the_o faculty_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o organ_n itself_o but_o by_o accident_n to_o wit_n as_o the_o organ_n who_o formal_a part_n &_o essence_n the_o faculty_n be_v be_v change_v by_o it_o for_o see_v the_o faculty_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o form_n from_o whence_o the_o action_n of_o the_o organ_n do_v proceed_v when_o this_o corporeal_a instrument_n be_v change_v by_o the_o sensible_a object_n it_o remain_v that_o the_o faculty_n itself_o which_o together_o with_o his_o sensible_a instrument_n do_v grow_v up_o into_o one_o body_n and_o do_v both_o conspire_v unto_o the_o same_o action_n be_v alter_v by_o accident_n and_o do_v perceive_v the_o alteration_n of_o his_o organ_n for_o all_o organ_n of_o sensation_n do_v suffer_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o body_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o sensative_a faculty_n they_o perform_v a_o act_n passion_n do_v affect_v the_o faculty_n as_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o organ_n action_n be_v the_o diiudication_n of_o judgement_n which_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o sensitive_a faculty_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a organ_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o faculty_n wherewith_o it_o be_v endow_v not_o that_o the_o faculty_n itself_o be_v alter_v or_o do_v suffer_v but_o because_o it_o perceyve_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o organ_n qvest._n ix_o whether_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n be_v perfect_v in_o the_o organ_n although_o it_o be_v make_v manifest_a by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n be_v the_o diiudication_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n yet_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v some_o difficulty_n behind_o for_o if_o the_o faculty_n do_v make_v this_o judgement_n of_o the_o object_n in_o the_o sensorium_fw-la or_o organ_n than_o those_o which_o sleep_n with_o open_a eye_n shall_v also_o see_v because_o the_o colour_n do_v alter_v the_o organ_n in_o like_a manner_n a_o sound_n may_v be_v hear_v odour_n smell_v and_o any_o tactile_a quality_n may_v be_v feel_v by_o we_o see_v that_o the_o organ_n be_v alter_v by_o the_o object_n and_o yet_o when_o we_o be_v asleep_a we_o neither_o do_v see_v nor_o hear_v nor_o perceyve_v with_o any_o other_o sense_n except_o the_o object_n be_v very_o vehement_a have_v therefore_o the_o poet_n true_o feign_v that_o sleep_n be_v the_o brother_n of_o death_n because_o it_o do_v deprive_v we_o of_o all_o our_o disproove_v the_o poet_n say_v sleep_n be_v the_o brother_n of_o death_n disproove_v sense_n yea_o of_o our_o very_a touch_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o extinguish_v the_o creature_n &_o beâ—eave_v it_o not_o of_o sense_n only_o but_o of_o life_n also_o or_o else_o do_v we_o perceyve_v while_o we_o sleep_v and_o know_v not_o that_o we_o have_v sense_n the_o first_o can_v be_v for_o although_o sleep_n have_v a_o great_a correspondency_n and_o affinity_n with_o death_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o deprive_v the_o creature_n of_o sense_n for_o sense_n what_o thing_n do_v concur_v to_o sense_n these_o thing_n do_v concur_v unto_o sense_n a_o convenient_a object_n a_o organ_n fit_o dispose_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o same_o organ_n and_o a_o sensitive_a faculty_n all_o which_o thing_n we_o have_v even_o when_o we_o sleep_v first_o the_o object_n be_v present_a for_o colour_n though_o we_o be_v asleep_a yet_o be_v it_o the_o object_n of_o fight_n and_o continue_v to_o be_v actuallie_o a_o object_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v illuminate_v with_o the_o light_n of_o a_o candle_n or_o with_o the_o daylight_n so_o also_o it_o be_v with_o sound_n odour_n and_o other_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o organ_n be_v also_o present_a and_o so_o be_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o same_o see_v there_o be_v nothing_o which_o can_v hinder_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sensible_a species_n upon_o the_o organ_n or_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o same_o neither_o be_v the_o faculty_n want_v for_o if_o the_o faculty_n of_o one_o sense_n shall_v fail_v all_o the_o sense_n will_v be_v forfeit_v and_o so_o of_o a_o live_a creature_n shall_v be_v make_v a_o plant_n deprive_v of_o sense_n and_o motion_n moreover_o though_o we_o sleep_v yet_o our_o organ_n live_v and_o they_o live_v by_o the_o soul_n if_o whole_a the_o soul_n with_o her_o faculty_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o whole_a therefore_o the_o soul_n with_o all_o her_o power_n and_o faculty_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o whole_o in_o every_o part_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o if_o the_o creature_n live_v the_o faculty_n of_o sense_n must_v be_v present_a in_o every_o place_n where_o the_o soul_n be_v but_o the_o soul_n be_v find_v in_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n yea_o even_o when_o we_o be_v asleep_a except_o you_o will_v say_v that_o the_o soul_n die_v when_o we_o fall_v asleep_a wherefore_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o faculty_n of_o sense_n be_v there_o also_o present_a in_o the_o organ_n see_v therefore_o in_o sleep_n we_o have_v the_o object_n actuallie_o prepare_v unto_o sensation_n see_v not_o we_o have_v sense_n in_o sleep_n but_o know_v it_o not_o also_o the_o organ_n fit_o dispose_v be_v not_o want_v and_o the_o judge_a faculty_n at_o hand_n and_o that_o nothing_o more_o be_v require_v unto_o perfect_a sense_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o sensation_n may_v be_v absolve_v in_o the_o organ_n and_o judgement_n also_o give_v of_o the_o object_n even_o when_o we_o be_v fast_o asleep_a but_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o do_v not_o perceyve_v this_o sensation_n be_v not_o because_o we_o have_v no_o sense_n at_o all_o but_o because_o we_o know_v not_o that_o we_o have_v sense_n qvest._n x._o that_o by_o our_o outward_a sense_n we_o do_v not_o know_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n that_o we_o do_v perceive_v by_o the_o organ_n of_o our_o sense_n be_v evident_a enough_o by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v but_o it_o be_v doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a how_o we_o shall_v know_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n see_v that_o this_o knowledge_n be_v not_o gather_v from_o the_o external_a sense_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v perceive_v by_o they_o must_v be_v their_o proper_a object_n but_o sensation_n be_v the_o object_n of_o no_o external_a sense_n moreover_o the_o external_a sense_n know_v nothing_o but_o external_a thing_n but_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o sensation_n be_v no_o external_a but_o a_o internal_a thing_n wherefore_o it_o can_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o external_a sense_n three_o if_o together_o and_o with_o the_o same_o sense_n we_o shall_v perceive_v and_o take_v knowledge_n of_o this_o perception_n it_o will_v then_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o act_n of_o perceive_v and_o the_o object_n of_o sense_n shall_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o how_o absurd_a it_o be_v i_o refer_v i_o to_o any_o man_n to_o esteem_v last_o we_o do_v not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n perceive_v and_o judge_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v perceive_v but_o somewhat_o after_o the_o act_n of_o sensation_n we_o know_v that_o we_o do_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a argument_n that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o diverse_a act_n from_o the_o other_o and_o that_o with_o one_o sense_n we_o do_v perceive_v and_o with_o another_o know_v that_o we_o do_v perceive_v but_o this_o may_v especial_o hence_o be_v convince_v that_o blind_a man_n though_o they_o do_v not_o see_v yet_o they_o perceive_v that_o they_o do_v not_o see_v see_v therefore_o the_o organ_n of_o their_o sight_n be_v unfit_a for_o vision_n it_o do_v necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v by_o another_o sense_n that_o they_o perceive_v themselves_o not_o to_o see_v now_o if_o it_o be_v by_o another_o sense_n that_o we_o know_v that_o we_o do_v not_o perceive_v sure_o it_o be_v another_o sense_n also_o by_o which_o we_o know_v that_o we_o do_v perceive_v qvest._n xi_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o perceive_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n if_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o external_a sense_n do_v perform_v this_o function_n what_o may_v reason_n we_o know_v not_o that_o we_o perceive_v
by_o understanding_n nor_o reason_n it_o be_v be_v it_o the_o work_n of_o our_o understanding_n or_o of_o our_o reason_n no_o for_o this_o action_n be_v common_a to_o brute_n beast_n which_o be_v destitute_a of_o reason_n for_o they_o know_v when_o they_o do_v not_o see_v or_o hear_v or_o smell_v and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o they_o know_v so_o much_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v by_o their_o open_n of_o their_o eye_n when_o they_o be_v shut_v and_o prick_v up_o their_o ear_n when_o they_o will_v see_v or_o hear_v neither_o need_v we_o wonder_v heereat_o for_o they_o be_v enrich_v with_o some_o function_n that_o come_v near_o unto_o reason_n itself_o as_o i_o may_v easy_o prove_v by_o many_o instance_n of_o diverse_a creature_n out_o of_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n and_o other_o historian_n if_o i_o think_v it_o pertinent_a to_o this_o place_n see_v therefore_o unreasonable_a creature_n do_v know_v when_o they_o perceive_v that_o be_v have_v use_n of_o their_o sense_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o that_o knowledge_n be_v not_o a_o work_n of_o reason_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o work_n of_o the_o fantasy_n in_o regard_n that_o it_o work_v after_o the_o act_n of_o perceive_v when_o the_o object_n be_v not_o present_a but_o this_o sense_n ought_v to_o judge_v at_o least_o then_o when_o phantisy_n it_o be_v no_o work_n of_o the_o phantisy_n we_o have_v use_v of_o sense_n that_o we_o do_v use_v it_o and_o after_o sensation_n to_o do_v nothing_o whence_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 136_o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la handle_v this_o matter_n affirm_v that_o this_o be_v do_v continual_o in_o the_o first_o sense_n and_o this_o sense_n be_v the_o common_a sense_n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o no_o one_o sense_n but_o be_v equal_o common_a to_o all_o for_o nature_n have_v sense_n we_o know_v that_o we_o perceyve_v by_o the_o common_a sense_n always_o endeavour_v that_o she_o may_v bring_v a_o multitude_n into_o a_o unity_n so_o much_o as_o possible_o may_v be_v wherefore_o she_o have_v join_v in_o one_o common_a sense_n all_o the_o outward_a sense_n wherinto_o as_o line_n go_v from_o the_o circumference_n into_o the_o centre_n they_o may_v determine_v &_o this_o have_v the_o philosopher_n very_o elegant_o declare_v in_o the_o 30._o text_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o call_v this_o common_a sense_n the_o mean_a or_o middle_a between_o the_o external_a sense_n consider_v they_o as_o the_o circumference_n and_o this_o as_o the_o centre_n this_o be_v that_o sense_n by_o which_o we_o know_v that_o we_o hear_v &_o see_v and_o perform_v the_o function_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n this_o be_v it_o which_o be_v bind_v in_o our_o sleep_n make_v we_o ignorant_a of_o our_o sensation_n this_o be_v it_o which_o except_o it_o be_v present_v all_o the_o other_o sense_n be_v unprofitable_a this_o be_v it_o which_o offer_v to_o the_o fancy_n the_o species_n which_o the_o outward_a sense_n have_v perceive_v and_o the_o phantasm_n to_o the_o understanding_n in_o a_o word_n this_o be_v it_o without_o which_o neither_o the_o external_a nor_o internal_a sense_n nor_o the_o principal_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n can_v consist_v entire_a and_o absolute_a qvest._n xii_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v receive_v of_o all_o man_n that_o the_o sense_n be_v five_o in_o number_n but_o especial_o of_o aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n and_o 128_o text_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la who_o say_v sense_n that_o there_o be_v five_o sense_n that_o beside_o sight_n hear_v smell_a taste_v and_o touch_v there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o sense_n assign_v and_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o reason_n because_o there_o be_v only_o five_o object_n colour_n sound_n odour_n sapour_n and_o tactile_a quality_n if_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v find_v no_o other_o proper_a object_n beside_o these_o five_o i_o mean_v of_o external_a sense_n that_o there_o be_v five_o proper_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n object_n it_o do_v necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o sense_n beside_o these_o so_o also_o because_o these_o five_o mention_v several_a object_n be_v so_o proper_a unto_o their_o several_a sense_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v judge_v of_o but_o by_o his_o own_o proper_a sense_n i_o say_v it_o follow_v hence_o that_o there_o be_v no_o few_o sense_n than_o five_o because_o the_o object_n be_v full_a out_o five_o furthermore_o this_o number_n of_o five_o sense_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o element_n for_o aristotle_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la say_v sense_n the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o every_o organ_n be_v assign_v to_o a_o particular_a element_n namely_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o water_n the_o hear_v to_o the_o air_n the_o smell_a to_o the_o fire_n the_o touch_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o taste_v because_o of_o his_o near_a affinity_n to_o touch_v be_v resemble_v unto_o the_o same_o element_n neither_o do_v that_o which_o may_v be_v object_v any_o way_n infringe_v or_o impeach_v this_o opinion_n to_o solution_n objection_n solution_n wit_n because_o there_o be_v one_o only_o sensative_a faculty_n therefore_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o sense_n for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o eye_n discern_v colour_n the_o ear_n judge_v of_o sound_n the_o nose_n perceive_v savour_n be_v not_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o from_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o organ_n for_o the_o foot_n also_o will_v see_v if_o it_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o temperament_n convenient_a for_o the_o discern_a of_o colour_n that_o they_o have_v sense_n the_o organ_n have_v it_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o that_o the_o perceive_v rather_o this_o then_o that_o object_n they_o obtain_v it_o not_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o from_o the_o temperament_n of_o their_o organ_n wherefore_o whereas_o the_o eye_n do_v discern_v of_o colour_n the_o ear_n of_o sound_n and_o the_o nose_n of_o odour_n it_o be_v not_o because_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a visive_a a_o auditory_a and_o odoratorie_n or_o smell_a faculty_n but_o because_o one_o and_o the_o same_o faculty_n carry_v itself_o in_o every_o organ_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n do_v diverslie_o proceed_v into_o act_n according_a to_o the_o diverse_a temper_n of_o the_o diverse_a organ_n qvest._n xiii_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n have_v thus_o determine_v the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o order_n of_o they_o to_o wit_n whether_o we_o ought_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o sight_n as_o aristotle_n and_o almost_o all_o philosopher_n do_v or_o with_o the_o touch_n which_o be_v a_o contrary_a way_n wherein_o physician_n &_o anatomist_n do_v walk_v and_o these_o be_v the_o two_o contrary_a sect_n concern_v this_o matter_n of_o order_n for_o none_o ever_o make_v doubt_n about_o the_o interruption_n or_o break_v off_o the_o order_n but_o how_o many_o author_n soever_o there_o be_v they_o have_v either_o place_v sight_n in_o the_o first_o place_n hear_v in_o the_o second_o smell_a in_o the_o three_o taste_v in_o the_o four_o and_o touch_v in_o the_o five_o or_o else_o on_o the_o contrary_n have_v put_v touch_v in_o the_o first_o rank_n taste_v in_o the_o second_o smell_a in_o the_o three_o hear_v in_o the_o four_o and_o see_v in_o the_o five_o and_o last_o place_n as_o concern_v the_o first_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n and_o of_o aristotle_n especial_o element_n sense_n to_o be_v place_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o element_n who_o both_o in_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o the_o 2._o 3._o and_o 5._o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sens_n &_o sens_n do_v rank_n they_o in_o this_o order_n moreover_o this_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o reason_n because_o this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o element_n which_o do_v concur_v for_o a_o mean_a or_o other_o help_n to_o the_o sense_n so_o that_o every_o sense_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o element_n unto_o which_o it_o be_v appropriate_v ought_v thus_o to_o be_v place_v and_o according_a thereto_o shall_v their_o order_n and_o frame_n arise_v sight_n be_v then_o the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o sense_n because_o fire_n have_v the_o first_o place_n among_o the_o element_n fiery_a the_o sight_n be_v fiery_a for_o sight_n be_v fiery_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o sense_n for_o it_o have_v a_o ingenite_fw-la or_o inbred_a fire_n as_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n for_o except_v there_o be_v light_n which_o proceed_v from_o afiery_a body_n there_o will_v be_v no_o vision_n the_o hear_v be_v the_o second_o because_o it_o be_v airy_a for_o
to_o the_o periostium_fw-la tab._n 11._o kk_n where_o it_o cover_v the_o scaly_a bone_n and_o the_o neighbour_n part_n as_o also_o that_o at_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v the_o periostium_fw-la be_v dilate_v where_o there_o break_v or_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o stony_a bone_n a_o little_a oblique_a and_o round_a process_n much_o like_o a_o quill_n when_o the_o first_o oblique_a incision_n be_v make_v in_o it_o towards_o the_o frame_n of_o a_o pen_n which_o process_n be_v ordain_v that_o this_o membrane_n may_v be_v connect_v with_o the_o stony_a bone_n this_o process_n be_v call_v the_o ring_n or_o the_o bony_a circle_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 3._o *_o tab._n 11._o e._n out_o of_o ring_n the_o bony_a ring_n who_o circumference_n the_o hole_n of_o hear_v begin_v this_o process_n have_v a_o double_a original_n tab._n 11._o n._n the_o low_a grow_v out_o of_o the_o scaly_a bone_n and_o resemble_v a_o knub_n or_o knot_n which_o bend_v a_o little_a oblique_o inward_a be_v place_v before_o the_o door_n or_o entrance_n of_o the_o first_o cavity_n where_o on_o the_o inside_n it_o have_v a_o round_a furrow_n or_o be_v light_o excavate_v in_o the_o midst_n round_o about_o the_o circumference_n with_o two_o bony_a brim_n or_o edge_n swell_v out_o on_o either_o side_n in_o which_o furrow_n the_o membrane_n grow_v very_o fast_o round_o about_o that_o it_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o violent_a motion_n either_o of_o the_o external_a air_n enter_v in_o or_o the_o internal_a air_n beat_v outward_a as_o it_o happen_v in_o oscitation_n or_o yawning_n when_o we_o hold_v our_o breath_n long_o or_o when_o we_o blow_v our_o nose_n wherefore_o it_o be_v most_o like_a that_o circle_n in_o a_o drum_n to_o which_o the_o vellum_n be_v fasten_v tab._n 10._o fig._n 3._o &_o 4._o q._n tab._n 11._o d._n and_o this_o bony_a ring_n in_o infant_n be_v easy_o separate_v from_o the_o temple_n bone_n but_o in_o grow_v body_n it_o be_v so_o close_o join_v on_o one_o side_n to_o the_o stony_a bone_n on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v that_o a_o man_n will_v not_o think_v it_o have_v be_v ever_o separate_v from_o they_o neither_o indeed_o can_v it_o be_v separate_v in_o grow_v body_n without_o break_v yet_o the_o furrow_n remain_v still_o to_o be_v see_v and_o thus_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n seem_v to_o be_v separate_v in_o the_o circumference_n from_o the_o pericranium_n but_o let_v we_o hear_v what_o galen_n can_v say_v of_o this_o membrane_n galen_n inquire_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o this_o membrane_n and_o institute_v a_o comparison_n betwixt_o the_o cover_n or_o coat_n of_o the_o optic_a and_o the_o first_o nerve_n of_o hear_v and_o afterward_o membrane_n a_o passage_n out_o of_o galen_n prove_v that_o he_o know_v this_o membrane_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_v show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v these_o nerve_n shall_v be_v leave_v naked_a because_o than_o they_o will_v have_v be_v expose_v to_o all_o outward_a iviury_n see_v then_o they_o need_v a_o cover_n either_o it_o must_v be_v crass_a and_o sight_n as_o that_o of_o the_o eye_n or_o rare_a &_o porous_a or_o in_o a_o mean_a betwixt_o both_o it_o behoove_v not_o it_o shall_v be_v crass_a and_o sight_n because_o such_o a_o cover_n will_v have_v hinder_v the_o access_n of_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v move_v especial_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v but_o easy_a as_o it_o be_v when_o we_o speak_v ordinary_o one_o to_o another_o neither_o ought_v it_o to_o have_v be_v rare_a and_o porous_a for_o then_o the_o air_n will_v have_v pierce_v through_o it_o and_o so_o the_o nerve_n shall_v easy_o have_v be_v offend_v and_o the_o brain_n itself_o refrigerated_a tab._n 10._o show_v the_o ear_n and_o the_o diverse_a internal_a part_n thereof_o figure_n 1._o show_v the_o whole_a external_a ear_n with_o a_o part_n of_o the_o temple_n bone_n figure_n 2._o show_v the_o left_a bone_n of_o the_o temple_n divide_v in_o the_o midst_n by_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v where_o about_o on_o either_o side_n there_o be_v certain_a passage_n here_o particular_o describe_v fig._n 3_o &_o 4._o show_v the_o three_o little_a bone_n fig._n 5._o show_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o temple_n which_o be_v see_v near_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v divide_v through_o the_o midst_n whereby_o the_o nerve_n bone_n &_o membrans_fw-la may_v appear_v as_o vesalius_n conceyve_v of_o they_o fig._n 6._o show_v the_o vessel_n membrane_n bone_n &_o hole_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v as_o platerus_n have_v describe_v they_o fig._n 7_o and_o 8._o show_v the_o little_a bone_n of_o the_o hear_n of_o a_o man_n and_o of_o a_o calf_n both_o join_v and_o separate_v fig._n 9_o show_v the_o muscle_n find_v out_o by_o aquapendens_fw-la tabula_fw-la x._o fig_n i._o iii_o ii_o v._o vii_o vi_o ix_o viii_o β_n the_o auditory_a nerve_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n where_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o four_o hole_n γ_n the_o iugular_a vein_n with_o a_o part_n of_o a_o nerve_n pass_v through_o the_o first_o cavity_n ♌_o where_o it_o pass_v through_o his_o second_o hole_n near_o to_o ♌_o εε_n a_o artery_n enter_v that_o cavitie_n through_o the_o three_o hole_n and_o a_o nerve_n fall_v through_o the_o same_o hole_n h_o the_o same_o artery_n fall_v through_o the_o five_o hole_n u._fw-mi the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o 5._o nerve_n reach_v unto_o the_o 2_o &_o 3._o cavity_n θθ_n a_o high_a part_n of_o the_o 5._o nerve_n bring_v through_o the_o scrue_a canal_n or_o pipe_n unto_o θ_o where_o it_o fall_v out_o x_o the_o tympane_n or_o drum_n shut_v the_o first_o cavity_n λ_n the_o three_o little_a bone_n of_o hear_v join_v together_o μ_n the_o three_o cavity_n or_o the_o trumpet_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v v_o the_o second_o cavity_n or_o the_o mettle_n my_o run_a out_o with_o three_o burrough_n ξ_n Ï€_n thâ—_n canale_n or_o watercourse_n carry_v a_o nerve_n and_o a_o artery_n open_v itself_o with_o two_o hole_n figu_n 7_o &_o 8_o â—_o the_o hammer_n σ_n the_o anvile_n Ï„_n the_o stirrup_n wherefore_o nature_n frame_v a_o muniment_n or_o defence_n to_o help_v the_o security_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o a_o moderate_a consistence_n and_o thus_o he_o conclude_v nature_n therefore_o foresee_v that_o if_o she_o have_v make_v the_o construction_n of_o that_o nerve_n with_o a_o strong_a maniment_n it_o will_v indeed_o have_v be_v fit_n to_o bear_v off_o offence_n but_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v be_v deaf_a again_o if_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o nerve_n have_v have_v no_o defence_n it_o will_v have_v be_v very_o subject_a to_o outward_a injury_n and_o therefore_o she_o take_v a_o way_n betwixt_o they_o both_o and_o make_v for_o the_o construction_n of_o this_o nerve_n a_o help_n neither_o too_o stiff_a to_o hinder_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v nor_o too_o rare_a that_o the_o air_n shall_v penetrate_v through_o it_o but_o of_o a_o moderate_a consistence_n which_o may_v not_o only_o secure_v the_o instrument_n from_o violence_n but_o also_o receive_v and_o return_v the_o impression_n of_o sound_n again_o the_o same_o galen_n write_v of_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a say_v that_o it_o need_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o defence_n more_o rare_a than_o that_o of_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v fast_o and_o sight_n because_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a be_v thick_a than_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v for_o the_o object_n of_o smell_a be_v a_o vaporous_a substance_n wherein_o the_o odour_n do_v exhale_v but_o the_o object_n of_o hear_v be_v air_n alter_v only_o by_o a_o impression_n of_o sound_n by_o this_o we_o may_v see_v that_o galen_n be_v not_o utter_o ignorant_a of_o this_o membrane_n and_o we_o have_v the_o rather_o insert_v this_o passage_n out_o of_o he_o because_o many_o late_a anatomist_n have_v avouch_v that_o galen_n make_v no_o mention_n thereof_o at_o all_o but_o be_v utter_o ignorant_a of_o it_o we_o return_v now_o unto_o the_o membrane_n the_o substance_n therefore_o of_o this_o membrane_n be_v thin_a fast_o dry_a translucide_n and_o of_o exquisite_a sense_n membrane_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o membrane_n so_o thin_a and_o fine_a that_o hipocrates_n compare_v it_o to_o a_o spider_n web_n the_o better_a to_o transmit_v a_o easy_a voice_n or_o soft_a sound_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a unto_o the_o act_n of_o hear_v or_o if_o you_o will_v unto_o the_o passion_n of_o hear_v that_o the_o sound_n shall_v be_v communicate_v with_o the_o in_o breed_v air_n although_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o outward_a and_o inward_a air_n be_v not_o mingle_v and_o yet_o so_o strong_a withal_o that_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o
the_o primarie_a use_n for_o taste_v of_o the_o speech_n of_o the_o taste_n which_o use_v of_o the_o tongue_n be_v common_a to_o man_n and_o beast_n to_o distinguish_v between_o all_o the_o variety_n of_o sapour_n wherefore_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 11._o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr historia_n animalium_fw-la say_v there_o be_v in_o the_o mouth_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o tongue_n which_o be_v the_o sensator_fw-la of_o taste_n the_o taste_n which_o the_o tongue_n have_v it_o receyve_v especial_o from_o the_o coat_n which_o invest_v the_o mouth_n and_o particular_o from_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o cover_v the_o tongue_n for_o whilst_o we_o chew_v our_o meat_n the_o tongue_n roll_v itself_o on_o every_o side_n of_o the_o mouth_n and_o appli_v itself_o to_o the_o viand_n to_o take_v a_o say_v or_o taste_v of_o they_o moreover_o because_o we_o can_v thrust_v or_o lill_z out_o our_o tongue_n we_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v of_o the_o sapour_n of_o those_o thing_n also_o which_o be_v without_o the_o mouth_n if_o the_o tongue_n do_v but_o touch_v they_o especial_o with_o the_o very_a tip_n for_o there_o say_v aristotle_n the_o taste_n be_v most_o quick_a in_o the_o 27_o tongue_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o tongue_n chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr partibus_fw-la animalium_fw-la and_o therefore_o say_v he_o in_o fish_n only_o the_o very_a tip_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v loose_a the_o rest_n be_v fasten_v down_o unto_o the_o sole_a of_o the_o mouth_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o tongue_n in_o the_o voice_n hypocrates_n have_v make_v mention_n in_o speech_n for_o speech_n his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la as_o also_o aristotle_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la for_o it_o be_v the_o very_a organ_n of_o articulation_n so_o we_o say_v before_o that_o those_o bird_n which_o have_v broad_a tongue_n may_v easy_a be_v teach_v to_o prattle_v as_o we_o see_v in_o parrot_n euripides_n therefore_o call_v the_o tongue_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o messenger_n of_o the_o speech_n and_o therefore_o a_o man_n tongue_n which_o be_v the_o best_a proportion_a and_o most_o at_o liberty_n attain_v to_o the_o great_a perfection_n in_o the_o delivery_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o voice_n for_o although_o a_o parrot_n a_o stare_v and_o such_o like_a bird_n can_v moderate_v their_o tongue_n to_o a_o kind_n of_o feign_a distinction_n of_o sound_n yet_o in_o man_n the_o sound_n be_v more_o express_a and_o better_o articulate_v beside_o say_v hypocrates_n in_o his_o brain_n a_o man_n tongue_n the_o messenger_n of_o the_o brain_n book_n of_o the_o epilepsy_n the_o tongue_n of_o a_o man_n be_v the_o messenger_n of_o the_o brain_n that_o be_v as_o bauhine_v well_o enterprete_v it_o of_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o will_n but_o in_o other_o creature_n it_o deliver_v only_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n which_o galen_n call_v rationem_fw-la delight_n scentem_fw-la a_o silent_a shadow_n of_o reason_n which_o he_o attribute_v to_o all_o creature_n devoyde_a of_o reason_n so_o we_o see_v even_o in_o the_o tongue_n of_o a_o man_n sometime_o it_o express_v only_o those_o thing_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o sense_n as_o when_o we_o cry_v for_o pain_n or_o for_o food_n and_o succour_n sometime_o those_o thing_n that_o fall_v under_o our_o understanding_n as_o in_o discourse_n the_o secondary_a use_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v for_o mastication_n or_o chew_v or_o break_v of_o the_o meat_n and_o for_o diglutition_n or_o swallow_v chew_v the_o secondary_a use_n chew_v by_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o tongue_n those_o creature_n that_o want_v tooth_n do_v swallow_v their_o meat_n whole_a as_o bird_n and_o those_o that_o have_v tooth_n do_v with_o their_o tongue_n move_v their_o viand_n unto_o their_o tooth_n whereby_o they_o be_v mitigate_v and_o break_v and_o so_o receyve_v in_o the_o mouth_n a_o good_a preparation_n for_o the_o stomach_n which_o otherwise_o will_v not_o nor_o can_v not_o so_o easy_o concoct_v they_o for_o shred_n meat_n be_v more_o easile_a boil_a then_o a_o whole_a joint_n again_o the_o tongue_n help_v the_o diglutition_n by_o turn_v the_o meat_n over_o it_o towards_o the_o gullet_n by_o the_o tongue_n also_o we_o can_v lick_v and_o whistle_v or_o vary_v the_o sound_n of_o any_o swallow_v swallow_v fife_n or_o pipe_n or_o such_o like_a all_o these_o good_a office_n the_o tongue_n do_v in_o a_o man_n in_o other_o creature_n but_o one_o or_o at_o least_o not_o all_o for_o in_o the_o perfection_n of_o creature_n say_v galen_n in_o the_o fifte_a chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr semine_fw-la nature_n proceed_v by_o degree_n creature_n degree_n of_o perfection_n in_o creature_n from_o a_o plant._n the_o first_o degree_n be_v of_o those_o creature_n which_o have_v only_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v more_o perfect_o be_v those_o that_o taste_v yet_o more_o that_o smell_v than_o those_o that_o hear_v and_o final_o she_o add_v the_o sense_n of_o see_v which_o be_v the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v assistant_n unto_o it_o in_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o his_o function_n tongue_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n of_o speak_v taste_v and_o roll_v of_o the_o meat_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o muscle_n belong_v unto_o it_o which_o we_o may_v call_v locutorij_fw-la gustatorij_fw-la and_o cibi_fw-la revolutores_fw-la the_o speak_v the_o taste_v and_o the_o roll_v muscle_n table_n 14._o figure_n 1._o and_o 2._o show_v the_o tongue_n cut_v from_o the_o body_n and_o the_o muscle_n thereof_o in_o the_o first_o the_o right_a side_n of_o it_o &_o in_o the_o second_o his_o muscle_n somewhat_o uncover_v figure_n 3._o stew_v the_o body_n of_o the_o tongue_n divide_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o it_o and_o his_o ligament_n tabula_fw-la xiiii_o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o fig_n iii_o tab._n 14._o figure_n 1._o show_v the_o larynx_n have_v the_o shield_n gristle_n cut_v into_o two_o part_n but_o one_o part_n of_o it_o together_o with_o the_o epiglottis_fw-la be_v invert_v as_o by_o the_o letter_n may_v be_v perceive_v figure_n 2._o exhibit_v the_o larynx_n show_v the_o glottis_fw-la fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o the_o second_o figure_n the_o chief_a use_n of_o it_o in_o man_n be_v speech_n the_o chief_a use_n in_o beast_n be_v taste_v because_o they_o want_v hand_n to_o gather_v and_o apply_v their_o meat_n unto_o their_o mouth_n as_o man_n have_v but_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n when_o their_o meat_n be_v in_o their_o mouth_n do_v roll_v it_o with_o their_o tongue_n or_o turn_v it_o over_o into_o their_o gullet_n the_o tongue_n must_v therefore_o be_v mooveable_a &_o have_v muscle_n which_o muscle_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o common_a other_o proper_a those_o be_v account_v common_a muscle_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr and_o those_o proper_a which_o have_v their_o original_n from_o other_o where_o and_o do_v determine_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n &_o they_o be_v account_v sieve_n pair_n call_v styloglossi_n tab._n 14._o fig._n 1_o 2._o f_o myloglossi_n tab._n 14._o fig._n 1_o 2._o g_o pair_n five_o pair_n geneoglossi_n tab._n 14._o fig._n 1_o 2._o h_o basiglossi_n or_o ypsiglossi_fw-la ta._n 14._o fig._n 1_o 2._o do_v &_o ceratoglossi_fw-la tab._n 14._o fig._n 1._o 2._o l_o but_o of_o these_o we_o shall_v entreat_v particular_o in_o the_o book_n of_o muscle_n here_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o have_v point_v they_o out_o these_o muscle_n be_v remoove_v at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n there_o appear_v a_o kind_n of_o tongue_n the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n flesh_n make_v of_o many_o glandule_n and_o fat_a mix_v together_o which_o say_v archangelus_n do_v not_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o muscle_n so_o say_v also_o columbus_n yet_o he_o reckon_v it_o for_o the_o 11._o muscle_n because_o the_o anatomist_n before_o he_o account_v it_o for_o a_o muscle_n but_o a_o muscle_n be_v not_o make_v of_o glandule_n but_o of_o fleshy_a fibre_n this_o heap_n of_o glandule_n table_n 14._o figur_n 1._o 2._o h_o grow_v too_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n that_o it_o may_v continual_o be_v moisten_v for_o without_o moisture_n there_o can_v be_v no_o gustation_n so_o kernel_n the_o use_n of_o the_o kernel_n in_o the_o stomach_n there_o can_v be_v no_o concoction_n without_o elixation_n or_o boil_a wherefore_o nature_n join_v to_o the_o stomach_n the_o pancreas_n or_o sweetebread_n a_o glandulous_a body_n that_o from_o thence_o may_v continual_o steam_n moist_a vapour_n that_o so_o the_o concoction_n of_o the_o stomach_n may_v be_v make_v by_o elixation_n or_o boil_a beside_o the_o moisture_n which_o the_o tongue_n receive_v from_o these_o glandule_n make_v it_o more_o glib_a and_o easy_o to_o
esteem_v this_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o art_n and_o science_n and_o sure_o if_o any_o man_n set_v aside_o the_o assurance_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o sense_n shall_v seek_v for_o the_o ground_n and_o evidence_n of_o art_n and_o other_o object_n elsewhere_o then_o from_o the_o sense_n he_o shall_v not_o only_o entertain_v into_o his_o mind_n a_o dissolute_a and_o vain_a confusion_n toss_v hither_o and_o sense_n all_o art_n have_v their_o beginning_n from_o sense_n thither_o without_o any_o steadfastness_n but_o also_o call_v in_o question_n the_o most_o sure_a foundation_n of_o nature_n shall_v cast_v himself_o headlong_o into_o a_o dungeonof_n perpetual_a and_o intricate_a obscurity_n quid_fw-la referemus_fw-la enim_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la certius_fw-la ipsis_fw-la sensibus_fw-la esse_fw-la potest_fw-la quo_fw-la vera_fw-la et_fw-la falsa_fw-la notamus_fw-la for_o what_o more_o certain_a evidence_n of_o thing_n can_v be_v obtain_v then_o that_o which_o true_a or_o false_a we_o judge_v by_o outward_a sense_n unstayned_a whence_o shall_v he_o have_v the_o ground_n of_o demonstration_n which_o endeavour_v to_o derogate_v from_o the_o credit_n which_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o sense_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o science_n for_o demonstration_n be_v from_o universal_a thing_n and_o such_o universals_z do_v arise_v and_o spring_v out_o sense_n demonstration_n from_o sense_n of_o singular_n but_o the_o external_a sense_n do_v perceive_v all_o singular_a thing_n now_o there_o be_v none_o so_o ignorant_a which_o do_v not_o see_v what_o will_v follow_v hence_o the_o same_o thing_n lucretius_n confirm_v in_o these_o verse_n inuenies_fw-la primis_fw-la a_o sensibus_fw-la esse_fw-la creatam_fw-la notitiam_fw-la very_fw-la nec_fw-la sensus_fw-la posse_fw-la refelli_fw-la quinisi_fw-la sunt_fw-la very_fw-la ratio_fw-la quoque_fw-la falsa_fw-la sit_fw-la omnis_fw-la the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o truth_n who_o seek_v must_v hold_v from_o outward_a sense_n first_o to_o have_v proceed_v those_o demonstration_n can_v be_v control_v or_o can_v they_o reason_n self_n shall_v be_v deceive_v hence_o it_o be_v say_v aristotle_n that_o such_o man_n be_v unfit_a for_o some_o art_n and_o science_n to_o who_o nature_n have_v from_o their_o birth_n deny_v any_o of_o these_o sense_n whosoever_o therefore_o do_v not_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o infallible_a credit_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v worthy_a with_o anaxagoras_n who_o call_v into_o question_n the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o snow_n as_o aristotle_n remember_v of_o he_o to_o be_v give_v over_o unto_o the_o doubtful_a and_o suspend_v uncertainty_n of_o the_o pirrhonij_n or_o sceptic_n &_o to_o wait_v till_o the_o thing_n themselves_o shall_v tell_v he_o what_o their_o several_a nature_n be_v but_o we_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n admire_v this_o majesty_n &_o certainty_n of_o the_o sense_n will_v make_v entrance_n into_o so_o fair_a &_o pleasant_a a_o field_n of_o discourse_n and_o handle_v every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a begin_v with_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v which_o as_o it_o be_v more_o common_a touch_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v than_o the_o rest_n so_o without_o doubt_n deserve_v the_o first_o place_n for_o this_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o do_v consist_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o moderation_n and_o temperament_n of_o the_o four_o primarie_a quality_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n and_o with_o he_o all_o other_o philosopher_n have_v judge_v this_o sense_n worthy_a that_o honour_n to_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o by_o a_o certain_a eminency_n or_o excellency_n without_o add_v thereto_o any_o epithet_n the_o sense_n as_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v say_v the_o only_a sense_n of_o all_o sense_n and_o that_o not_o unworthy_o see_v as_o the_o same_o aristotle_n affirm_v every_o sense_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v as_o whereof_o the_o whole_a company_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o sense_n do_v stand_v in_o need_n for_o the_o better_a perception_n of_o their_o object_n as_o for_o example_n the_o taste_n never_o shall_v discern_v of_o sapour_n except_o the_o gustible_a touch_v no_o sense_n without_o touch_v matter_n be_v touch_v by_o the_o spongy_a body_n or_o pulp_n of_o the_o tongue_n neither_o can_v the_o organ_n of_o smell_v receive_v any_o odour_n unless_o the_o perfume_n of_o odoriferous_a thing_n shall_v touch_v the_o same_o the_o same_o be_v we_o to_o think_v of_o the_o other_o sense_n to_o which_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v require_v though_o not_o a_o mathematical_a yet_o a_o physical_a touch_v what_o need_v we_o add_v more_o it_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o touch_v which_o perfect_v the_o operation_n of_o all_o the_o other_o sense_n and_o yet_o itself_o need_v not_o the_o help_n of_o any_o yet_o this_o i_o add_v moreover_o that_o this_o sense_n be_v capable_a of_o the_o nature_n of_o many_o more_o contrary_n than_o the_o other_o sense_n for_o it_o judge_v of_o heat_n and_o cold_a moist_a and_o dry_a soft_a and_o hard_a light_a and_o heavy_a slender_n and_o grosse_n rare_a and_o dense_n smooth_a and_o rough_a and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o that_o kind_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o sight_n do_v perceive_v nothing_o but_o white_a and_o black_a for_o red_a yellow_a skycoloured_a and_o other_o such_o like_a be_v not_o contrary_a but_o intermediate_v colour_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n that_o i_o may_v also_o light_o pass_v by_o this_o that_o all_o other_o sense_n be_v restrain_v within_o some_o small_a organ_n about_o the_o brain_n but_o the_o touch_v be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n these_o argument_n do_v sufficient_o commend_v the_o pre-eminence_n of_o this_o sense_n of_o touch_v yet_o if_o â—ou_fw-mi please_v to_o attend_v and_o more_o accurate_o consider_v these_o which_o follow_v you_o shall_v see_v the_o majesty_n thereof_o to_o shine_v more_o plain_o unto_o you_o for_o first_o it_o be_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o touch_v that_o we_o be_v conceive_v and_o form_v in_o the_o fertile_a garden_n of_o our_o mother_n womb_n for_o 〈◊〉_d wise_a and_o provident_a nature_n aim_v at_o eternity_n have_v endue_v the_o part_n of_o generation_n with_o a_o most_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o touch_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n so_o that_o the_o creature_n be_v ravish_v with_o a_o incredible_a kind_n of_o pleasure_n do_v more_o ready_o apply_v themselves_o to_o venereal_a embracement_n otherwise_o a_o thing_n filthy_a and_o abominable_a and_o endeavour_v the_o procreation_n of_o their_o own_o kind_n when_o the_o infant_n in_o the_o womb_n yet_o live_v only_o a_o vegetative_a life_n he_o be_v first_o of_o all_o endue_v with_o the_o sense_n sense_n the_o touch_n 〈◊〉_d first_o exist_v of_o all_o sense_n of_o touch_v whereby_o he_o be_v cherish_v nourish_v and_o increase_v and_o be_v at_o length_n perfect_v for_o so_o long_o as_o he_o be_v in_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o womb_n he_o neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v nor_o smell_v nor_o taste_v any_o thing_n but_o yet_o have_v absolute_a necessity_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v that_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o avoid_v imminent_a danger_n moreover_o this_o sense_n be_v not_o only_o bear_v together_o with_o we_o but_o also_o which_o be_v more_o worthy_a of_o admiration_n when_o all_o the_o other_o sense_n perish_v even_o for_o the_o least_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o leave_v we_o ungarded_a and_o prostitute_a unto_o death_n yet_o this_o like_a unseparable_a and_o faithful_a athates_n do_v attend_v we_o unto_o the_o last_o breath_n whence_o aristotle_n in_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la cha_n 13._o text._n 67_o write_v that_o if_o any_o creature_n be_v deprive_v of_o this_o sense_n of_o touch_v commodity_n touch_n be_v of_o necessity_n the_o rest_n for_o commodity_n death_n will_v of_o necessity_n ensue_v for_o neither_o be_v it_o possible_a faith_n he_o that_o any_o creature_n shall_v want_v this_o sense_n neither_o if_o he_o bâ—e_v a_o creature_n be_v it_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n that_o he_o have_v any_o sense_n beside_o this_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o this_o sense_n be_v of_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o therefore_o other_o sensible_a object_n by_o their_o immoderate_a extreme_n do_v only_o corrupt_v their_o proper_a organ_n but_o the_o excessive_a quality_n of_o tactile_a thing_n do_v take_v away_o the_o life_n itself_o again_o thing_n even_o without_o life_n can_v subsist_v without_o touch_v as_o aristotle_n say_v who_o touch._n plant_n can_v be_v without_o touch._n think_v that_o neither_o action_n nor_o passion_n nor_o any_o mixtion_n can_v be_v without_o touch_n and_o therefore_o neither_o can_v the_o mix_a body_n be_v without_o it_o for_o though_o these_o thing_n without_o life_n do_v draw_v their_o nourishment_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n yet_o they_o do_v it_o not_o indifferent_o and_o without_o choice_n of_o that_o which_o
they_o and_o last_o lest_o we_o shall_v too_o often_o fall_v into_o tautalogy_n or_o vain_a repetition_n and_o aristotle_n himself_o give_v a_o excellent_a reason_n of_o this_o his_o own_o position_n to_o wit_n because_o without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v more_o common_a the_o less_o common_a can_v be_v know_v now_o who_o will_v deny_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v be_v more_o common_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n touch_n be_v the_o common_a sense_n sense_n who_o know_v not_o that_o this_o sense_n be_v common_a to_o all_o live_a creature_n yea_o it_o be_v so_o common_a in_o all_o that_o without_o it_o no_o sense_n can_v be_v perform_v in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o same_o aristotle_n confess_v that_o every_o sense_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v beside_o art_n be_v the_o ape_n or_o imitator_n of_o nature_n we_o therefore_o in_o the_o tradition_n of_o our_o art_n shall_v follow_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n in_o which_o order_n we_o must_v begin_v with_o those_o which_o be_v first_o not_o in_o intention_n first_o touch_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o first_o as_o the_o former_a sect_n affirm_v but_o in_o original_a and_o generation_n wherefore_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n touch_n seem_v to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v that_o this_o sense_n be_v more_o know_v than_o the_o rest_n for_o a_o man_n have_v this_o sense_n more_o exquisite_a than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o it_o do_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o that_o sense_n which_o we_o enjoy_v most_o exquisite_o thereof_o we_o shall_v also_o have_v most_o certain_a knowledge_n qvest._n xvii_o the_o author_n own_o opinion_n though_o both_o these_o sect_n have_v some_o show_n of_o difference_n yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o may_v be_v reconcile_v so_o that_o neither_o of_o both_o may_v seem_v any_o whit_n blame_v worthy_a in_o regard_n that_o they_o contend_v about_o a_o matter_n which_o be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n their_o strife_n be_v not_o about_o demonstrative_a ground_n but_o because_o the_o school_n of_o physician_n have_v allege_v the_o more_o weighty_a argument_n i_o will_v more_o willing_o cast_v in_o my_o lot_n with_o they_o yet_o may_v any_o man_n draw_v a_o reconciliation_n between_o they_o from_o the_o diverse_a consideration_n of_o the_o order_n some_o follow_v the_o order_n of_o order_n a_o diverse_a consideration_n of_o order_n nature_n in_o their_o writing_n which_o order_n may_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v double_a to_o wit_n either_o the_o order_n of_o original_n or_o of_o intention_n that_o be_v either_o by_o what_o order_n nature_n do_v work_v or_o what_o end_n she_o present_v to_o herself_o in_o her_o work_n according_a to_o the_o former_a consideration_n the_o end_n be_v the_o last_o but_o according_a to_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v the_o first_o again_o some_o in_o their_o delivery_n of_o art_n follow_v that_o order_n whereby_o the_o art_n be_v more_o easy_o teach_v as_o for_o example_n some_o thing_n that_o come_v behind_o can_v be_v understand_v unless_o some_o other_o thing_n be_v praemise_v before_o other_o observe_v the_o order_n of_o dignity_n so_o that_o by_o this_o diversity_n of_o order_n be_v confer_v with_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v before_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o conclude_v of_o either_o sect_n qvest._n xviii_o whether_o the_o sense_n do_v need_v a_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a it_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o hard_a question_n to_o determine_v whether_o the_o sense_n need_v a_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a because_o out_o of_o aristotle_n philosophy_n we_o have_v as_o it_o veer_v a_o oracle_n 1000_o time_n repeat_v that_o the_o object_n place_v upon_o the_o sense_n question_v a_o axiom_n question_v do_v make_v no_o sensation_n especial_o see_v hitherto_o it_o be_v receive_v for_o such_o a_o universal_a principle_n and_o ground_n that_o he_o which_o deny_v it_o deserve_v not_o to_o be_v confute_v but_o weigh_v this_o as_o all_o other_o theorme_n in_o the_o equal_a balance_n of_o reason_n i_o be_o bold_a to_o demand_v whether_o this_o position_n deserve_v the_o title_n of_o a_o principle_n as_o for_o aristotle_n he_o acknowledge_v it_o indeed_o for_o a_o principle_n and_o in_o many_o place_n resolve_v upon_o it_o for_o a_o infallible_a and_o undoubted_a axiom_n without_o add_v any_o reason_n thereto_o but_o whether_o herein_o he_o have_v well_o do_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v such_o a_o ground_n and_o principle_n or_o no_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o condition_n require_v in_o a_o principle_n the_o first_o condition_n therefore_o of_o a_o principle_n be_v as_o it_o appear_v ex_fw-la posterioribus_fw-la analyticis_fw-la that_o it_o may_v be_v true_o affirm_v of_o every_o particular_a of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o in_o my_o judgement_n say_v placentinus_n this_o axiom_n transgress_v this_o condition_n because_o it_o agree_v not_o to_o medium_fw-la touch_v and_o taste_v without_o medium_fw-la every_o sense_n to_o have_v a_o medium_fw-la for_o that_o taste_v and_o touch_v be_v absolve_v without_o but_o some_o may_v haply_o doubt_v how_o these_o two_o sense_n can_v be_v perform_v immediate_o and_o yet_o a_o medium_fw-la be_v require_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o answer_n be_v at_o hand_n because_o the_o organ_n of_o some_o sense_n be_v so_o sensible_a that_o they_o will_v easy_o be_v offend_v with_o the_o contaction_n of_o their_o object_n not_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o other_o be_v not_o so_o the_o sight_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o the_o touch_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o a_o vehement_a motion_n whereby_o the_o sound_n be_v generate_v will_v offend_v the_o organ_n of_o hear_v if_o it_o shall_v come_v immediate_o unto_o it_o again_o a_o fumid_a exhalation_n which_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a will_v hinder_v respiration_n and_o except_o it_o be_v transport_v through_o a_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a it_o will_v be_v offensive_a and_o hurtful_a to_o the_o organ_n last_o some_o sense_n do_v perceive_v their_o object_n not_o material_o but_o spiritual_o now_o sight_n some_o sense_n perceive_v material_o other_o spiritual_o as_o sight_n the_o species_n must_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o object_n through_o a_o medium_fw-la some_o also_o receive_v they_o material_o and_o those_o have_v never_o a_o medium_fw-la for_o a_o colour_n can_v real_o attain_v to_o the_o organ_n because_o a_o accident_n out_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v nothing_o whereupon_o it_o follow_v that_o not_o the_o colour_n place_v above_o the_o eye_n do_v offend_v it_o but_o the_o colour_a or_o subject_a of_o the_o colour_n but_o put_v case_n that_o colour_n can_v real_o without_o any_o damage_n be_v impose_v upon_o the_o eye_n eye_n not_o the_o colour_n but_o the_o colour_a offend_v the_o eye_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o move_v the_o sense_n because_o it_o will_v condense_a and_o thicken_v the_o eye_n for_o by_o this_o 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observe_v that_o all_o sense_n have_v not_o alike_o need_v of_o a_o medium_fw-la but_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a order_n and_o degree_n of_o this_o necessity_n for_o the_o sight_n do_v especial_o need_v a_o medium_fw-la because_o it_o be_v most_o of_o all_o spiritual_a and_o there_o be_v no_o less_o the_o sight_n do_v especial_o need_v a_o medium_fw-la the_o hear_v less_o sensation_n at_o all_o of_o a_o real_a colour_n immediate_o place_v upon_o the_o eye_n a_o mean_a be_v also_o requisite_a to_o the_o hear_v yet_o it_o have_v less_o need_n thereof_o then_o the_o sight_n for_o a_o sound_n impose_v upon_o the_o hear_n make_v a_o kind_n of_o sensation_n but_o very_o imperfect_a namely_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v offensive_a to_o the_o organ_n the_o smell_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v use_v of_o a_o medium_fw-la if_o the_o smoky_a exhalation_n be_v vehement_a less_o the_o smell_a yet_o less_o for_o so_o
it_o may_v hinder_v the_o respiration_n and_o hurt_v the_o organ_n yet_o a_o odour_n may_v be_v perceive_v without_o a_o mean_a whereupon_o when_o we_o will_v smell_v any_o thing_n perfect_o we_o hold_v our_o nose_n close_o to_o it_o so_o that_o the_o smell_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o those_o sense_n which_o need_v a_o mean_a and_o those_o which_o be_v perform_v without_o it_o taste_v also_o though_o it_o be_v make_v by_o contaction_n yet_o require_v necessary_o a_o humidity_n none_o taste_v and_o touch_v none_o which_o may_v bring_v the_o sapour_n out_o of_o power_n into_o act_n but_o touch_v have_v need_n of_o nothing_o save_o the_o contiguity_n of_o the_o tactile_a body_n be_v perform_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o mean_o and_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v plain_a what_o we_o may_v determine_v of_o this_o question_n qvest._n xix_o what_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v and_o of_o what_o kind_n after_o we_o know_v which_o of_o the_o sense_n do_v need_v a_o medium_fw-la it_o follow_v that_o we_o make_v inquiry_n to_o find_v out_o what_o this_o medium_fw-la be_v &_o how_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v affect_v and_o herein_o we_o must_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v always_o to_o be_v present_a lest_o when_o all_o thing_n else_o requisite_a for_o sense_n be_v fit_o dispose_v yet_o for_o fault_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la we_o be_v make_v less_o able_a to_o perform_v this_o act_n of_o sensation_n wherefore_o the_o medium_fw-la by_o who_o interposition_n we_o perceive_v be_v not_o fire_n for_o this_o be_v not_o always_o air_n fire_n be_v not_o the_o medium_fw-la but_o air_n at_o hand_n but_o air_n for_o this_o do_v always_o encompass_v we_o about_o it_o be_v always_o present_a in_o it_o we_o lead_v our_o life_n second_o this_o medium_n shall_v always_o consist_v in_o a_o middle_a place_n betwixt_o the_o organ_n medium_fw-la 2._o reason_n why_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o object_n for_o hence_o it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o medium_n yet_o so_o that_o it_o touch_v both_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o perform_v his_o office_n but_o there_o be_v no_o element_n which_o be_v continual_o contiguous_a with_o our_o organ_n but_o the_o air_n three_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o medium_n be_v void_a of_o all_o sensible_a quality_n for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v bring_v the_o object_n adulterate_v or_o defile_v to_o the_o organ_n and_o affect_v the_o sense_n with_o a_o proper_a quality_n of_o medium_fw-la the_o condition_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la his_o own_o wherefore_o no_o compound_a body_n be_v fit_a for_o this_o function_n because_o all_o compound_a thing_n be_v sensible_a of_o themselves_o if_o you_o object_n that_o there_o be_v no_o element_n exquisite_o pure_a and_o that_o therefore_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v a_o fit_a medium_n be_v themselves_o sensible_a i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o no_o element_n air_n agree_v with_o no_o element_n except_o air_n that_o be_v near_o we_o be_v perfect_o pure_a yet_o that_o air_n that_o be_v near_o we_o wherein_o we_o live_v do_v exceed_v the_o rest_n in_o purity_n and_o be_v clear_a from_o all_o quality_n except_o tactile_a so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v account_v for_o a_o medium_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n except_o the_o touch._n and_o be_v there_o then_o one_o medium_n serve_v to_o all_o the_o sense_n yea_o for_o this_o be_v the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v infer_v from_o the_o former_a premise_n to_o wit_n because_o this_o alone_a be_v most_o pure_a and_o be_v always_o present_a with_o we_o this_o alone_a be_v continual_o in_o the_o midst_n between_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n this_o be_v always_o close_o adjoin_v and_o touch_v both_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n the_o air_n therefore_o alone_o serve_v for_o a_o medium_n to_o the_o sight_n as_o it_o be_v traculent_a to_o the_o hear_v as_o it_o be_v sound_v to_o the_o smell_n as_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o odour_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v the_o only_a mean_a of_o the_o sense_n than_o will_v it_o follow_v that_o fish_n which_o live_v in_o the_o water_n have_v no_o sense_n i_o answer_v that_o for_o their_o sight_n the_o water_n serve_v for_o a_o medium_n but_o other_o sense_n they_o have_v none_o say_v placentinus_n save_v their_o taste_n and_o touch_v and_o these_o two_o have_v need_n of_o a_o medium_n yet_o they_o have_v these_o sense_n also_o but_o imperfect_a but_o if_o any_o man_n will_v yet_o more_o instant_o urge_v that_o they_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v we_o grant_v they_o may_v hear_v but_o most_o imperfect_o and_o for_o such_o imperfect_a sensation_n the_o water_n serve_v in_o steed_n of_o a_o medium_n but_o we_o speak_v here_o of_o perfect_a sensation_n where_o as_o the_o sensation_n of_o fish_n be_v not_o simple_o perfect_a but_o only_o in_o their_o own_o kind_n to_o wit_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v need_n of_o it_o last_o this_o condition_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v require_v to_o the_o perfect_a performance_n of_o sense_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v not_o too_o spacious_a or_o ample_a and_o also_o that_o it_o be_v not_o too_o narrow_a or_o little_a but_o what_o be_v the_o limit_n or_o extent_n of_o this_o medium_n that_o be_v how_o far_o or_o wide_o it_o ought_v to_o extend_v diverse_a the_o termination_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v diverse_a itself_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v determine_v for_o this_o limit_n or_o extent_n must_v almost_o infinite_o be_v vary_a according_a to_o the_o magnitude_n paruity_n and_o vehemency_n as_o also_o according_a to_o the_o vigour_n &_o strength_n or_o imbecility_n and_o weakness_n of_o the_o sense_n for_o we_o do_v not_o discern_v mountain_n city_n and_o whole_a country_n but_o a_o far_o off_o and_o lesser_a thing_n we_o do_v not_o see_v except_o they_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n so_o we_o do_v not_o perfect_o and_o without_o offence_n to_o the_o organ_n hear_v a_o vehement_a sound_n except_o there_o be_v a_o great_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o object_n nor_o a_o low_a voice_n except_o we_o be_v near_o unto_o it_o and_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v of_o the_o rest_n qvest._n xx._n what_o a_o object_n be_v a_o object_n or_o that_o which_o be_v sensible_a be_v a_o quality_n which_o move_v the_o organ_n and_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n and_o although_o that_o which_o be_v sensible_a be_v twofold_a a_o object_n be_v twofold_a two_o fold_n proper_a or_o common_a yet_o i_o conceive_v this_o definition_n to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o proper_a object_n unless_o haply_o it_o may_v agree_v to_o some_o of_o the_o common_a &_o therefore_o we_o will_v several_o define_v they_o both_o proper_a object_n therefore_o as_o aristotle_n witness_v in_o the_o 63._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la be_v those_o which_o can_v be_v be_v what_o a_o proper_a object_n be_v perceive_v with_o any_o other_o sense_n and_o about_o which_o the_o sense_n in_o discern_a be_v not_o deceive_v and_o this_o definition_n by_o itself_o agree_v to_o the_o thing_n define_v for_o in_o that_o sometime_o the_o sense_n err_v about_o their_o proper_a object_n it_o happen_v not_o of_o themselves_o but_o from_o some_o accident_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o depravation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o do_v concur_v to_o this_o sensation_n as_o for_o example_n when_o all_o thing_n appear_v yellow_a to_o those_o that_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o jaundice_n this_o happen_v because_o the_o eye_n be_v taint_v with_o the_o yellow_a colour_n of_o choler_n and_o when_o aguish_a man_n do_v judge_v sweet_a thing_n to_o be_v bitter_a it_o come_v also_o from_o choler_n where_o with_o the_o tongue_n be_v affect_v and_o that_o be_v object_n the_o sense_n be_v not_o deceive_v about_o his_o object_n from_o event_n &_o accident_n not_o from_o the_o proper_a condition_n of_o the_o sense_n wherefore_o see_v that_o when_o such_o impediment_n or_o let_n be_v remoove_v and_o the_o object_n medium_n and_o organ_n be_v natural_o dispose_v the_o sense_n can_v be_v deceive_v about_o his_o proper_a object_n it_o be_v by_o good_a right_n thus_o absolute_o define_v for_o the_o number_n of_o these_o object_n they_o be_v as_o many_o as_o be_v the_o sense_n for_o colour_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n sound_v of_o hear_v odour_n of_o smell_a sapour_n of_o taste_v and_o tactile_a quality_n be_v how_o many_o proper_a object_n there_o be_v of_o touch_v common_a object_n be_v those_o which_o be_v perceive_v not_o of_o all_o the_o sense_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o but_o of_o more_o sense_n than_o one_o which_o aristotle_n teach_v very_o well_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la et_fw-la be_v what_o a_o common_a object_n be_v
upward_o to_o the_o sky_n be_v not_o perceive_v because_o the_o beam_n be_v separate_v can_v meet_v in_o one_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o paruity_n of_o the_o object_n but_o if_o we_o will_v see_v it_o we_o must_v of_o necessity_n withdraw_v ourselves_o to_o the_o one_o side_n to_o conclude_v the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o fiery_a nature_n for_o they_o be_v both_o pyramidal_a and_o continual_o argument_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n that_o sight_n be_v by_o reception_n only_o their_o argument_n mooveable_a and_o never_o stiff_a but_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o fire_n always_o to_o send_v some_o thing_n from_o it_o as_o light_n beam_n or_o heat_n these_o be_v the_o principal_a reason_n of_o the_o platonist_n and_o of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o optic_n let_v we_o now_o lend_v our_o ear_n unto_o the_o fautor_n of_o the_o other_o sect_n the_o prince_n of_o which_o company_n and_o opinion_n be_v aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la and_o his_o step_n have_v all_o the_o peripatetic_n follow_v as_o alexander_n themistius_n auerrhoes_n and_o these_o think_v that_o sight_n be_v make_v only_o by_o reception_n of_o some_o thing_n into_o the_o eye_n and_o not_o by_o emission_n of_o any_o thing_n forth_o and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n first_o of_o all_o because_o that_o see_v sense_n be_v a_o passion_n it_o ought_v only_o to_o be_v make_v by_o reception_n so_o hear_v be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o reception_n of_o sound_n the_o smell_n by_o reception_n of_o odour_n the_o taste_n of_o sapour_n and_o the_o touch_v of_o tactile_a quality_n moreover_o they_o that_o have_v more_o moist_a and_o humid_a eye_n do_v always_o conceive_v the_o object_n to_o be_v great_a than_o they_o be_v because_o the_o species_n be_v represent_v in_o a_o great_a shape_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o humidity_n three_o a_o over_o vehement_a object_n do_v hurt_v the_o sense_n four_o we_o see_v in_o a_o look_a glass_n the_o image_n of_o the_o thing_n opposite_a unto_o it_o which_o we_o can_v not_o do_v unless_o the_o image_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o object_n unto_o the_o medium_n and_o so_o unto_o the_o glass_n again_o aristotle_n in_o the_o three_o section_n of_o his_o problem_n ask_v the_o question_n why_o the_o right_a eye_n shall_v with_o more_o agility_n perform_v his_o function_n then_o the_o left_a and_o yet_o the_o eye_n and_o ear_n do_v both_o of_o they_o see_v and_o hear_v alike_o he_o answer_v that_o those_o faculty_n be_v perform_v by_o do_v these_o by_o suffer_v and_o that_o both_o the_o sense_n and_o their_o organ_n do_v equal_o suffer_v six_o oldman_n discern_v better_a of_o such_o object_n as_o be_v a_o far_o off_o then_o of_o those_o which_o be_v near_o and_o that_o not_o because_o of_o the_o light_n or_o the_o beam_n or_o spirit_n send_v forth_o of_o their_o eye_n for_o they_o be_v very_o small_a impure_a and_o darkeish_a but_o because_o the_o species_n or_o form_n come_v from_o a_o remote_a object_n be_v make_v more_o slender_a and_o spiritual_a and_o more_o apt_a to_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o organ_n seventh_o the_o small_a star_n in_o the_o clear_a winter_n may_v be_v discern_v and_o not_o in_o summer_n because_o their_o species_n or_o form_n be_v receive_v into_o a_o crass_a and_o thick_a air_n be_v there_o terminate_v and_o multiplicate_v but_o in_o summer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o rarity_n and_o thinness_n of_o the_o air_n they_o can_v be_v receive_v terminative_o or_o definite_o for_o of_o necessity_n we_o must_v use_v our_o school_n term_n to_o express_v these_o matter_n of_o art_n neither_o yet_o be_v sufficient_o multiply_v that_o they_o shall_v attain_v unto_o our_o sight_n galen_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o ten_o de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v reconcile_v the_o platonist_n with_o the_o peripatetic_n determine_v that_o sight_n be_v 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be_v do_v only_o by_o sight_n except_o it_o be_v by_o magic_a art_n for_o the_o second_o and_o three_o we_o also_o deny_v that_o a_o basilisk_n or_o menstruous_a woman_n do_v by_o their_o look_n infect_v any_o thing_n but_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o certain_a corrupt_a and_o poison_a vapour_n which_o breathe_v out_o of_o their_o mouth_n eye_n nostril_n and_o from_o their_o whole_a body_n which_o by_o continuation_n and_o succession_n do_v infect_v thr_fw-mi air_n four_o that_o which_o they_o object_n concern_v wolf_n ie_fw-fr more_fw-mi worthy_a of_o derision_n then_o of_o confutation_n as_o for_o tiberius_n he_o do_v not_o astonish_v his_o soldier_n by_o any_o beam_n proceed_v from_o his_o eye_n but_o by_o his_o horrid_a and_o fearful_a look_n and_o countenance_n six_o as_o for_o antiphon_n it_o be_v well_o
which_o hinder_v the_o light_n &_o then_o that_o perspicuum_fw-la be_v present_a when_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v the_o colour_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v illuminate_v if_o then_o the_o light_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n it_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v the_o form_n thereof_o but_o though_o there_o be_v many_o learned_a man_n of_o this_o opinion_n yet_o i_o can_v stay_v my_o judgement_n refute_v refute_v upon_o it_o for_o some_o perswasible_a reason_n which_o move_v i_o to_o think_v contrary_a for_o nothing_o can_v pass_v from_o one_o extreme_a unto_o another_o unless_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o mean_a which_o be_v betwixt_o they_o and_o it_o can_v pass_v through_o the_o medium_fw-la unless_o it_o be_v first_o receive_v into_o it_o moreover_o in_o a_o perspicuous_a mean_n there_o appear_v diverse_a effect_n of_o light_n for_o it_o be_v attenuate_v and_o heat_v which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o light_n be_v not_o first_o receive_v into_o it_o and_o by_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o gather_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o auicen_n conceit_n thus_o much_o concern_v the_o difficulty_n about_o the_o eye_n now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v qvest._n xxxviii_o of_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o four_o book_n and_o in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o the_o sixth_o book_n of_o his_o topic_n say_v that_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o any_o species_n depend_v upon_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la see_v therefore_o that_o definition_n why_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n must_v go_v before_o the_o definition_n the_o voice_n be_v a_o certain_a species_n of_o sound_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o offspring_n propagate_v there_o from_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o it_o savour_v much_o of_o his_o original_n and_o beginning_n wherefore_o before_o we_o come_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o voice_n which_o be_v the_o most_o particular_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v it_o be_v very_o necessary_a that_o we_o praemise_v somewhat_o concern_v the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n in_o general_a for_o by_o that_o mean_v our_o knowledge_n of_o this_o action_n of_o the_o soul_n i_o mean_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v will_v be_v better_o guide_v and_o perfect_v wherefore_o we_o will_v first_o show_v you_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n second_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n three_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n and_o last_o we_o will_v unfold_v some_o difficulty_n which_o may_v otherwise_o breed_v scruple_n in_o us._n i_o know_v well_o that_o in_o other_o thing_n the_o plain_a way_n of_o teach_v be_v to_o begin_v with_o a_o definition_n but_o because_o a_o sound_n be_v as_o we_o say_v eus_fw-la fluxum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o a_o be_v as_o be_v then_o only_a existent_n while_o it_o be_v a_o do_v and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o generation_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o when_o the_o generation_n or_o manner_n of_o production_n be_v sufficient_o know_v the_o nature_n and_o definition_n will_v be_v better_o understand_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n when_o he_o will_v deliver_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o sound_n begin_v his_o treatise_n at_o the_o manner_n of_o production_n &_o so_o will_v we_o insist_v in_o his_o footstep_n which_o although_o we_o can_v attain_v unto_o yet_o we_o will_v a_o far_o off_o adore_v as_o therefore_o no_o sound_n be_v make_v without_o two_o body_n mutual_o impeach_v or_o offend_v one_o against_o another_o as_o even_o our_o sight_n and_o hear_v do_v sufficient_o teach_v we_o so_o our_o medium_n 3._o thing_n require_v to_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n two_o body_n a_o medium_n mind_n also_o may_v conceive_v that_o without_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o three_o thing_n which_o shall_v be_v not_o only_o the_o medium_n wherein_o a_o concussion_n be_v make_v but_o also_o the_o material_a cause_n have_v in_o it_o a_o power_n of_o sound_v material_o there_o can_v no_o sound_n at_o all_o by_o the_o concussion_n of_o those_o body_n be_v produce_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o medium_n or_o three_o body_n which_o must_v come_v between_o in_o the_o collission_n of_o 2._o hard_a body_n which_o make_v a_o sound_n may_v be_v thus_o demonstrate_v if_o two_o body_n meet_v one_o of_o they_o must_v move_v and_o apply_v unto_o the_o other_o now_o we_o know_v that_o motion_n can_v be_v make_v without_o a_o medium_n again_o that_o this_o medium_n or_o three_o body_n must_v have_v the_o faculty_n of_o sound_v material_o therein_o be_v prove_v because_o though_o two_o body_n offend_v one_o against_o another_o yet_o if_o they_o be_v sharp_a or_o soft_a they_o make_v little_a or_o no_o sound_n at_o all_o so_o a_o needle_n against_o a_o needle_n wool_n against_o wool_n do_v not_o sound_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o be_v because_o there_o be_v no_o quantity_n of_o this_o intermediate_v matter_n to_o make_v a_o impression_n off_o the_o second_o because_o though_o there_o be_v a_o collission_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o resistance_n moreover_o thing_n that_o be_v unequal_a or_o rugged_a do_v not_o sound_v well_o neither_o do_v a_o medium_n many_o instance_n to_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o medium_n plain_a thing_n make_v a_o full_a sound_n for_o the_o more_o cavity_n there_o be_v in_o the_o body_n that_o be_v beat_v so_o it_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o violence_n that_o be_v offer_v the_o more_o resonant_n be_v the_o sound_n add_v hereto_o that_o sometime_o though_o the_o collision_n be_v with_o great_a violence_n yet_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o so_o loud_o for_o two_o block_n beat_v together_o will_v not_o make_v so_o loud_a a_o sound_n as_o a_o little_a bell_n and_o when_o a_o new_a piece_n of_o cloth_n be_v tear_v a_o sunder_o the_o rash_a be_v loud_a than_o if_o two_o hard_a body_n shall_v enterfaire_n one_o against_o another_o all_o these_o instance_n do_v manifest_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o three_o thing_n requisite_a unto_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n which_o be_v also_o the_o matter_n thereof_o this_o three_o intermediate_v body_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o concussion_n be_v make_v be_v it_o air_n or_o water_n or_o fire_n for_o those_o three_o be_v not_o only_o fit_a for_o the_o transvection_n of_o sound_n but_o have_v also_o in_o they_o the_o matter_n whereof_o it_o be_v form_v although_o not_o in_o a_o equal_a degree_n in_o concussion_n therefore_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o medium_n or_o power_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v actuate_v when_o it_o be_v intercept_v and_o break_v between_o two_o body_n offend_v one_o against_o another_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o interception_n or_o fraction_n be_v thus_o when_o two_o body_n strike_v one_o against_o another_o that_o which_o be_v betwixt_o they_o be_v so_o vehement_o drive_v that_o one_o part_n of_o it_o can_v orderly_o fraction_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o fraction_n move_v by_o succession_n after_o another_o but_o rather_o one_o part_v prevent_v another_o and_o before_o the_o first_o part_n have_v part_v from_o the_o place_n another_o be_v drive_v upon_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o and_o so_o the_o motion_n which_o when_o it_o be_v successive_o make_v be_v gentle_a and_o easy_a become_v now_o byreason_n of_o this_o inordinate_a violence_n tumultuary_a and_o troublesome_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o soft_a &_o acute_a body_n make_v no_o sound_n in_o their_o collision_n because_o the_o stroke_n that_o be_v betwixt_o they_o do_v not_o so_o disparkle_v or_o divide_v the_o intermediate_v body_n that_o there_o shall_v follow_v upon_o it_o any_o interception_n or_o fraction_n whereby_o the_o successive_a dissipation_n may_v be_v prevent_v unequal_a body_n because_o instance_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o former_a instance_n in_o their_o hollow_a and_o depress_a part_n they_o divide_v the_o air_n as_o it_o be_v into_o parcel_n do_v yield_v a_o lesser_a sound_n those_o that_o be_v hollow_a because_o they_o gather_v and_o close_v more_o air_n which_o be_v confuse_o shuffle_v and_o beat_v part_n upon_o part_n do_v yield_v a_o great_a and_o strong_a resonance_n two_o block_n beat_v one_o against_o another_o do_v not_o sound_v so_o loud_o the_o reasonis_n because_o the_o fraction_n be_v not_o so_o smart_a a_o bell_n and_o a_o clapper_n because_o of_o their_o hardness_n and_o polish_a superficies_n do_v break_v the_o air_n more_o sudden_o and_o thorough_o and_o so_o beget_v a_o loud_a and_o brisk_a sound_n a_o new_a cloth_n when_o it_o be_v tear_v a_o sunder_o rash_v loud_a than_o the_o percussion_n of_o a_o hard_a body_n because_o the_o air_n which_o be_v about_o it_o be_v diverse_o distract_v into_o many_o part_n where_o the_o many_o thread_n be_v tear_v a_o sunder_o it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o a_o sound_n be_v make_v when_o as_o two_o body_n offend_v
or_o justle_n one_o against_o another_o the_o medium_n wherein_o they_o be_v move_v endure_v betwixt_o they_o a_o compression_n that_o compression_n end_v in_o attrition_n that_o attrition_n in_o fraction_n and_o that_o fraction_n kindle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o resonance_n wherefore_o aristotle_n say_v well_o in_o the_o 78._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la that_o a_o sound_n be_v always_o actuate_v when_o one_o thing_n move_v against_o another_o in_o a_o three_o find_v that_o the_o fraction_n be_v not_o the_o find_v but_o although_o the_o air_n thus_o beat_v and_o break_v make_v a_o find_v yet_o the_o very_a fraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o sound_n neither_o the_o next_o and_o immediate_a generation_n thereof_o and_o herein_o all_o philosopher_n do_v agree_v particular_o avicen_n but_o what_o shall_v we_o stand_v upon_o authority_n we_o prove_v it_o thus_o the_o fraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v a_o motion_n but_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n first_o because_o a_o sound_n be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v but_o motion_n be_v a_o common_a object_n not_o discern_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v and_o therefore_o a_o sound_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n second_o motion_n be_v no_o quality_n but_o reduce_v unto_o other_o predicament_n as_o we_o say_v in_o school_n that_o be_v to_o action_n passion_n or_o place_n but_o sound_n be_v a_o quality_n to_o wit_n one_o of_o the_o motion_n nor_o the_o motion_n three_o kind_n to_o which_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v refer_v three_o sound_n be_v make_v by_o motion_n so_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n so_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o all_o philosophy_n the_o same_o philosophy_n teach_v we_o that_o nothing_o produce_v itself_o see_v then_o that_o motion_n produce_v sound_a certain_o sound_a can_v be_v no_o motion_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 58._o text_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la and_o the_o solution_n objection_n solution_n sixth_o chapter_n say_v that_o sound_n be_v a_o motion_n but_o we_o answer_v that_o he_o speak_v not_o in_o a_o formal_a sense_n but_o in_o a_o casual_a that_o be_v not_o endeavour_v to_o give_v the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n but_o a_o casual_a production_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v when_o some_o motion_n be_v make_v with_o such_o and_o such_o circumstance_n a_o sound_n will_v result_v therefrom_o we_o will_v also_o add_v another_o reason_n and_o that_o very_o strong_a which_o be_v on_o this_o manner_n those_o thing_n which_o have_v a_o particular_a existence_n or_o be_v one_o without_o the_o other_o be_v in_o themselves_o several_o distinct_a and_o diverse_a now_o the_o sound_n and_o the_o break_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n have_v several_a and_o particular_a being_n because_o the_o sound_n be_v diffuse_v and_o attain_v to_o those_o part_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n to_o which_o part_v the_o motion_n can_v reach_v and_o this_o aristotle_n in_o his_o four_o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la proove_v by_o the_o example_n of_o angler_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o disport_n be_v as_o silent_a as_o may_v be_v and_o yet_o the_o fish_n hear_v they_o now_o say_v aristotle_n instance_n aristotle_n instance_n it_o be_v not_o like_o that_o their_o whisper_n can_v produce_v so_o vehement_a a_o motion_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n break_v thereby_o shall_v by_o succession_n move_v through_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o water_n unto_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o fish_n again_o that_o this_o fraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o next_o and_o immediate_a generation_n of_o the_o sound_n may_v thus_o be_v evict_v local_a motion_n of_o itself_o contend_v or_o strive_v only_o unto_o motion_n that_o sound_n be_v not_o immediate_o generate_v by_o motion_n place_n neither_o of_o itself_o do_v it_o make_v impression_n of_o any_o other_o real_a be_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v move_v as_o aristotle_n teach_v in_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o his_o physics_n the_o 7_o chapter_n and_o the_o 59_o text._n it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o the_o generation_n of_o sound_n be_v another_o action_n beside_o the_o motion_n which_o action_n i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o name_v yet_o we_o may_v well_o conceive_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o local_a impulsion_n and_o the_o sound_n as_o we_o may_v also_o perceive_v that_o beside_o local_a motion_n sometime_o heat_n be_v engender_v yet_o no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o motion_n be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o heat_n after_o this_o manner_n also_o we_o may_v well_o conceive_v how_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o star_n may_v be_v dispense_v in_o this_o inferior_a will_v to_o conclude_v therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o there_o must_v concur_v three_o action_n to_o the_o production_n of_o any_o sound_n and_o these_o three_o do_v each_o accompany_v and_o succeed_v other_o the_o first_o action_n be_v the_o affront_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o two_o body_n which_o offend_v one_o against_o another_o the_o second_o be_v the_o fraction_n or_o break_v of_o the_o medium_fw-la the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v the_o sound_v of_o the_o medium_fw-la for_o so_o you_o shall_v give_v we_o leave_v to_o call_v it_o because_o we_o can_v devise_v no_o other_o name_n immediate_o after_o this_o follow_v the_o sound_n qvest._n thirty-nine_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n have_v as_o plain_o as_o we_o can_v deliver_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o generation_n and_o production_n of_o a_o sound_v we_o will_v now_o brief_o set_v down_o the_o definition_n of_o it_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 65_o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la define_v a_o sound_a to_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o that_o which_o may_v be_v move_v with_o that_o motion_n wherewith_o those_o thing_n be_v move_v which_o do_v rebound_v from_o the_o mutual_a percussion_n of_o two_o body_n other_o do_v define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o sensative_a quality_n strike_v the_o hear_n and_o the_o proper_a object_n of_o that_o sense_n but_o we_o will_v thus_o define_v it_o a_o sound_z be_v a_o passive_a and_o successive_a quality_n produce_v from_o the_o interception_n and_o break_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n which_o follow_v upon_o the_o objection_n the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n objection_n collision_n or_o strike_v of_o two_o sound_a body_n &_o so_o fit_a to_o move_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v if_o any_o shall_v object_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o only_a nature_n of_o one_o thing_n as_o arist_n say_v in_o the_o 4_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o topicke_n and_o that_o a_o definition_n be_v a_o oration_n express_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o thing_n as_o the_o same_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 5_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o 5._o book_n of_o topic_n say_v there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o definition_n give_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o therefore_o a_o sound_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o one_o simple_a but_o of_o a_o threefold_a nature_n because_o we_o have_v set_v down_o three_o definition_n one_o differ_v from_o another_o whereas_o we_o promise_v but_o one_o definition_n in_o the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o three_o accident_n a_o threefold_a definition_n of_o accident_n thing_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o accident_n and_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o their_o nature_n may_v be_v better_o manifest_v these_o be_v the_o subject_n the_o genus_fw-la and_o the_o cause_n by_o which_o three_o according_a to_o the_o diverse_a intention_n and_o end_n of_o the_o definer_n such_o accident_n be_v define_v either_o with_o the_o mention_n of_o they_o all_o or_o of_o the_o subject_n and_o genus_fw-la only_o the_o cause_n be_v leave_v out_o or_o of_o the_o cause_n alone_o omit_v the_o other_o two_o the_o first_o manner_n of_o define_v satisfy_v the_o understanding_n best_o the_o other_o afford_v but_o a_o lame_a &_o defective_a understanding_n of_o that_o which_o be_v define_v so_o in_o this_o definition_n of_o the_o eclipse_n that_o it_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o the_o light_n in_o the_o moon_n by_o eclipse_n by_o the_o eclipse_n reason_n of_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o sun_n all_o three_o be_v contain_v likewise_o the_o thunder_n define_v to_o be_v a_o sound_n in_o a_o cloud_n make_v by_o the_o extinction_n of_o fire_n be_v a_o definition_n consist_v of_o all_o three_o but_o this_o thunder_n be_v only_o define_v by_o the_o subject_n and_o thunder_n and_o thunder_n the_o genus_fw-la if_o we_o say_v that_o thunder_n be_v a_o sound_n in_o a_o cloud_n and_o by_o the_o cause_n alone_o when_o we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o extinction_n of_o the_o fire_n now_o if_o the_o nature_n of_o accident_n be_v such_o and_o so_o great_a variety_n be_v in_o their_o
either_o spermaticall_a or_o fleshy_a but_o this_o air_n neither_o derive_v his_o original_a from_o the_o seed_n nor_o from_o part_n the_o inbred_a be_v no_o part_n the_o blood_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o part_n if_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o indeed_o a_o simple_a air_n but_o a_o kind_n of_o spirit_n i_o again_o reply_n that_o it_o can_v be_v a_o spirit_n for_o if_o you_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v a_o vital_a spirit_n it_o shall_v not_o forsake_v the_o artery_n if_o you_o say_v it_o be_v animal_n then_o shall_v it_o follow_v that_o a_o animal_n spirit_n shall_v be_v account_v the_o chief_a instrument_n in_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n again_o a_o spirit_n be_v the_o most_o common_a organ_n of_o the_o soul_n which_o that_o noble_a form_n use_v unto_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o her_o function_n but_o as_o there_o be_v a_o peculiar_a part_n in_o the_o eye_n which_o do_v primary_o cause_n vision_n to_o wit_n the_o cristaline_a humour_n a_o similar_v and_o spermaticall_a part_n generate_v of_o the_o pure_a portion_n of_o the_o seed_n so_o there_o must_v be_v such_o a_o similar_v part_n find_v in_o the_o eare._n but_o such_o be_v not_o that_o ingenit_fw-la or_o inbred_a air_n because_o it_o differ_v nothing_o from_o the_o outward_a air_n but_o only_o in_o purity_n and_o rest_n it_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o generate_v how_o it_o be_v generate_v outward_a air_n not_o indeed_o by_o coction_n and_o elaboration_n as_o be_v the_o spirit_n nor_o yet_o by_o any_o action_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o by_o the_o continual_a arrival_n of_o new_a air_n which_o partly_o be_v bring_v through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v always_o open_a and_o wind_a unto_o this_o cochlea_n or_o snaile-shell_n partly_o derive_v thither_o by_o inspiration_n through_o a_o certain_a little_a hole_n or_o pipe_n like_o a_o watercourse_n open_v into_o the_o palate_n moreover_o we_o may_v out_o of_o aristotle_n in_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la prove_v that_o nothing_o without_o life_n can_v be_v the_o instrument_n of_o any_o sense_n but_o the_o inbred_a air_n be_v without_o life_n animate_v it_o be_v not_o animate_v or_o soul_n because_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o a_o act_n of_o a_o simple_a body_n neither_o have_v this_o inbred_a air_n any_o organ_n of_o a_o soul_n for_o why_o shall_v this_o air_n which_o be_v only_o generate_v by_o the_o outward_a air_n not_o concoct_v by_o any_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v rather_o animate_v then_o that_o air_n which_o be_v in_o the_o other_o cavity_n of_o the_o body_n but_o this_o air_n do_v rest_n in_o the_o ear_n and_o not_o in_o other_o cavity_n because_o it_o be_v conclude_v in_o a_o straight_a hole_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wind_n of_o these_o dark_a labyrinth_n can_v easy_o pass_v forth_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v but_o rather_o a_o internal_a medium_fw-la for_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o be_v a_o internal_a medium_fw-la outward_a air_n be_v strike_v by_o the_o beat_n of_o two_o body_n together_o so_o be_v this_o internal_a strucâ—â—en_n by_o the_o external_a &_o that_o by_o the_o interjection_n of_o the_o tympane_n or_o drum_n of_o the_o chord_n or_o string_n and_o of_o the_o three_o little_a bone_n the_o same_o air_n be_v alter_v do_v carry_v the_o bare_a character_n and_o species_n of_o the_o sound_v separate_v from_o the_o matter_n to_o a_o nerve_n of_o the_o five_o conjugation_n lead_v a_o long_a and_o dilate_a in_o each_o eare._n and_o this_o nerve_n be_v the_o chief_a organ_n of_o heaâ—ing_v as_o the_o mammillary_a process_n be_v of_o the_o smell_n now_o that_o this_o internal_a medium_fw-la be_v require_v in_o every_o sense_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o sense_n the_o internal_a mean_n of_o all_o the_o sense_n example_n for_o the_o watery_a humour_n be_v the_o internal_a medium_fw-la of_o the_o sight_n the_o spittle_n of_o the_o â—ast_n the_o cuticle_n or_o scarfe-skin_n of_o the_o touch_n and_o the_o spongy_a bone_n of_o 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hear_n of_o fable_n and_o play_v act_v upon_o a_o stage_n much_o more_o than_o if_o we_o learn_v they_o out_o of_o write_a book_n cardan_n as_o scaliger_n say_v in_o his_o 308_o exercitation_n content_v himself_o with_o cardanus_n cardanus_n this_o only_a reason_n because_o say_v he_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v publish_v in_o book_n be_v make_v vulgar_a and_o common_a and_o therefore_o be_v not_o so_o curious_o nor_o with_o so_o much_o delight_v read_v over_o but_o good_a actor_n be_v more_o rare_a scaliger_n refute_v this_o argument_n both_o because_o good_a book_n be_v as_o rare_a as_o good_a actor_n as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o part_n of_o a_o humane_a ingenuous_a disposition_n but_o of_o a_o livid_a and_o scaliger_n disprove_v by_o scaliger_n malicious_a mind_n to_o esteem_v those_o thing_n most_o precious_a or_o more_o pleasant_a which_o be_v unknown_a to_o other_o scaliger_n therefore_o present_v many_o other_o reason_n of_o this_o problem_n first_o because_o we_o learn_v those_o thing_n which_o we_o hear_v with_o less_o labour_n than_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o read_v reason_n his_o reason_n second_o because_o a_o voice_n do_v more_o affect_v we_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o inflexion_n and_o insinuation_n into_o our_o sense_n whereas_o read_v be_v only_o a_o dumb_a actor_n three_o because_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v hear_v take_v a_o deep_a impression_n in_o our_o mind_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o appulsion_n or_o arrival_n of_o a_o real_a voice_n but_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v be_v always_o intentional_o imprint_v &_o therefore_o the_o act_n of_o see_v be_v soon_o end_v and_o pass_v more_o light_o by_o the_o sense_n than_o the_o act_n of_o hear_v whence_o it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o thing_n see_v do_v not_o stick_v so_o fast_o unto_o us._n and_o this_o the_o apostle_n insinuate_v when_o he_o say_v he_o behold_v his_o face_n in_o a_o glass_n and_o go_v away_o and_o present_o forget_v what_o manner_n of_o one_o he_o be_v neither_o be_v that_o of_o the_o lyric_a poet_n any_o sufficient_a contradiction_n or_o this_o where_o he_o say_v segnius_fw-la irritant_fw-la animos_fw-la demissaper_n aures_fw-la quam_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la oculis_fw-la subject_n a_o fidelibus_fw-la the_o voice_n that_o sink_v in_o by_o the_o ear_n do_v not_o so_o soon_o offend_v or_o gall_v the_o mind_n as_o when_o the_o eye_n more_o faithful_a message_n send_v for_o that_o be_v true_a of_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o do_v only_o believe_v by_o hearsay_n which_o indeed_o do_v not_o so_o near_o affect_v we_o as_o those_o thing_n we_o see_v do_v before_o our_o eye_n the_o four_o reason_n be_v because_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o society_n in_o narration_n and_o act_n which_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n but_o read_v be_v more_o solitary_a five_o because_o a_o certain_a shamefastness_n and_o observancy_n do_v cause_v we_o to_o apply_v our_o ear_n to_o he_o that_o utter_v any_o thing_n by_o voice_n but_o in_o read_v there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o remission_n in_o the_o mind_n and_o security_n from_o any_o blame_n of_o not_o profit_v now_o we_o conceive_v more_o pleasure_n in_o a_o diligent_a and_o curious_a act_n then_o in_o a_o negligent_a and_o careless_a six_o we_o have_v opportunity_n to_o demand_v a_o reason_n of_o some_o doubt_n from_o he_o which_o speak_v to_o we_o and_o thence_o we_o receive_v more_o profit_n than_o by_o bare_a read_n from_o which_o profit_n a_o certain_a delight_n do_v arise_v again_o because_o book_n can_v digress_v from_o their_o discourse_n for_o the_o better_a explication_n of_o a_o thing_n as_o those_o may_n which_o teach_v by_o their_o voice_n for_o in_o change_v of_o word_n or_o mutual_a conference_n many_o pleasant_a passage_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o accident_n as_o the_o
be_v within_o the_o house_n do_v easy_o hear_v a_o noise_n that_o be_v make_v without_o because_o the_o sound_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n be_v contract_v gather_v or_o unite_v and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o move_v the_o sense_n more_o full_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o act_n of_o sight_n for_o be_v within_o door_n we_o see_v better_a that_o which_o be_v do_v without_o then_o if_o we_o be_v without_o door_n we_o shall_v discern_v what_o be_v do_v within_o for_o the_o species_n come_v from_o without_o into_o the_o house_n be_v gather_v and_o unite_v again_o the_o visive_a virtue_n of_o the_o eye_n within_o the_o house_n which_o undertake_v to_o view_v that_o which_o be_v without_o be_v easy_o dissipate_v or_o disunit_a the_o eight_o and_o last_o question_n shall_v be_v whether_o when_o many_o man_n talk_v together_o they_o can_v be_v hear_v further_a than_o if_o one_o man_n only_o speak_v imagine_v the_o voice_n to_o be_v equal_a this_o aristotle_n 8._o problem_n a_o pretty_a question_n aristotle_n question_n make_v aristotle_n at_o a_o stand_n yet_o he_o resolve_v it_o thus_o in_o the_o second_o problem_n of_o the_o 19_o section_n it_o be_v say_v he_o because_o it_o be_v more_o easy_a to_o work_v with_o unite_a power_n then_o with_o single_a and_o separate_a for_o all_o compound_n thing_n be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o singulares_fw-la wherefore_o when_o many_o man_n voice_n go_v together_o the_o sound_z must_v needs_o be_v constant_a and_o unite_a and_o so_o drive_v the_o air_n much_o far_a than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v drive_v by_o a_o single_a voice_n in_o the_o same_o key_n to_o aristotle_n we_o add_v experience_n and_o example_n experience_n because_o you_o may_v hear_v the_o tumult_n of_o a_o army_n further_o than_o the_o vociferation_n or_o cry_n of_o one_o soldier_n experience_n experience_n again_o in_o market_n and_o fair_n where_o many_o people_n be_v assemble_v the_o murmur_n of_o the_o multitude_n be_v hear_v further_o than_o the_o voice_n of_o one_o man_n though_o he_o be_v loud_o than_o his_o fellow_n the_o noise_n of_o a_o frog_n be_v not_o great_a iwis_o yet_o what_o time_n they_o breed_v they_o may_v be_v hear_v many_o mile_n out_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o elie._n neither_o be_v we_o to_o wonder_v at_o this_o for_o we_o have_v example_n example_n example_n of_o the_o like_a in_o the_o object_n of_o other_o sense_n as_o many_o candle_n of_o a_o equal_a bigness_n will_v enlighten_v the_o air_n further_o than_o one_o candle_n though_o it_o be_v big_a than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o a_o heap_n of_o sand_n may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o on_o the_o seashore_n but_o a_o moat_n of_o sand_n can_v scarce_o be_v discern_v under_o the_o eye_n if_o therefore_o it_o be_v so_o in_o the_o visible_a object_n why_o shall_v we_o not_o acknowledge_v it_o in_o the_o audible_a for_o although_o the_o species_n of_o particular_a voice_n be_v not_o unite_v yet_o where_o there_o be_v a_o total_a aggregation_n or_o heap_v up_o of_o many_o species_n together_o they_o may_v produce_v one_o that_o a_o may_v attain_v to_o a_o further_a limit_n than_o any_o of_o they_o can_v do_v in_o particular_a i_o know_v well_o that_o aristotle_n in_o another_o place_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o 52_o problem_n of_o the_o 11_o section_n seem_v to_o contradict_v that_o we_o have_v before_o allege_v out_o of_o he_o which_o be_v the_o himself_o aristotle_n contradict_v himself_o reason_n that_o i_o say_v before_o aristocle_n be_v doubtful_a in_o the_o resolution_n of_o this_o question_n but_o because_o that_o which_o we_o have_v quote_v be_v the_o last_o and_o after-thought_n they_o say_v be_v the_o wise_a we_o will_v rest_v ourselves_o therein_o for_o if_o we_o shall_v take_v occasion_n to_o dispute_v with_o aristotle_n too_o and_o fro_o always_o when_o we_o have_v occasion_n offer_v we_o shall_v weary_v ourselves_o and_o forget_v that_o our_o philosophy_n be_v not_o of_o the_o main_a but_o by_o the_o buy_v wherefore_o we_o return_v again_o to_o our_o anatomy_n qvest._n xliiii_o of_o the_o wonderful_a sympathy_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o eaere_n the_o palate_n the_o tongue_n and_o the_o throttle_v there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o do_v manifest_v this_o wonderful_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o communion_n of_o the_o ear_n with_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o voice_n which_o that_o genius_n of_o nature_n voice_n the_o sympathy_n of_o the_o ear_n &_o instrument_n of_o the_o voice_n aristotle_n in_o the_o 32._o section_n of_o his_o problem_n have_v declare_v for_o when_o we_o will_v hear_v any_o thing_n attentive_o we_o hold_v our_o breath_n when_o we_o yawn_v we_o do_v not_o hear_v so_o exquisite_o and_o if_o you_o goad_n the_o tympane_n of_o the_o ear_n with_o a_o penknife_n it_o will_v present_o cause_v a_o dry_a cough_n those_o which_o be_v half_o deaf_a do_v speak_v but_o stutter_o be_v their_o voice_n be_v make_v through_o their_o nose_n again_o those_o who_o from_o their_o birth_n be_v deaf_a be_v in_o like_a manner_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v be_v dumb_a last_o if_o you_o hold_v a_o instrument_n in_o your_o mouth_n or_o betwixt_o your_o tooth_n and_o stop_v your_o ear_n you_o shall_v hear_v more_o perfect_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o deaf_a man_n do_v hear_v best_o by_o their_o mouth_n all_o these_o be_v certain_a and_o plain_a argument_n of_o that_o communion_n and_o sympathy_n be_v whence_o this_o communion_n be_v which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o ear_n and_o the_o vocal_a instrument_n to_o wit_n the_o mouth_n the_o tongue_n and_o the_o throttle_v but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o communion_n be_v not_o know_v to_o all_o some_o think_v that_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n or_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o fifte_a conjugation_n and_o that_o of_o the_o seven_o which_o move_v the_o tongue_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o same_o coat_n from_o their_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o the_o affect_n of_o those_o part_n be_v easy_o communicate_v but_o ocular_a inspection_n do_v persuade_v the_o contrary_a for_o the_o passage_n and_o way_n of_o either_o conjugation_n be_v diverse_a and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a distance_n between_o they_o we_o say_v laurentius_n will_v acknowledge_v a_o double_a cause_n of_o this_o communion_n the_o one_o be_v refer_v unto_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n the_o other_o unto_o a_o little_a canale_n or_o pipe_n which_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n the_o nerve_n of_o the_o first_o conjugation_n branch_v out_o into_o many_o surcle_n the_o large_a be_v dilate_v into_o the_o ear_n and_o the_o membrane_n of_o most_o exquisite_a sense_n and_o carry_v the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o all_o sound_v unto_o the_o brain_n the_o lesser_a run_v unto_o the_o tongue_n and_o the_o communion_n a_o double_a cause_n of_o this_o communion_n throttle_v the_o affect_v therefore_o of_o the_o ear_n and_o the_o tongue_n be_v easy_o communicate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o according_a to_o hypocrates_n and_o galen_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o sympathy_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v provoke_v or_o goad_v do_v cause_n a_o dry_a cough_n whereof_o avicen_n make_v mention_v hence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o almost_o all_o deaf_a man_n be_v dumb_a or_o at_o least_o have_v but_o a_o imperfect_a speech_n the_o auditory_a vessel_n hypocrates_n his_o community_n of_o vessel_n nerve_n be_v affect_v which_o be_v complicate_v or_o fold_v with_o the_o seven_o conjugation_n for_o i_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o that_o common_a position_n that_o deaf_a man_n be_v therefore_o dumb_a because_o they_o can_v learn_v no_o language_n and_o because_o hear_v be_v the_o sense_n of_o knowledge_n for_o if_o they_o be_v only_o dumb_a for_o this_o cause_n wherefore_o shall_v they_o then_o sigh_v &_o mourn_v with_o so_o great_a difficulty_n which_o be_v natural_a passion_n why_o shall_v they_o not_o as_o well_o as_o those_o which_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o thing_n fain_a language_n and_o word_n whereby_o they_o may_v express_v the_o thought_n and_o discourse_n of_o their_o mind_n if_o they_o can_v utter_v they_o for_o nature_n have_v arm_v a_o man_n although_o he_o be_v deaf_a with_o reason_n and_o understanding_n for_o invention_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o proceed_v unto_o the_o second_o cause_n of_o this_o consent_n which_o be_v by_o a_o sympathy_n the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o sympathy_n gristly_a canale_n like_o a_o water-pipe_n which_o be_v convey_v from_o the_o second_o hole_n of_o the_o ear_n unto_o the_o mouth_n &_o pallate_n this_o course_n or_o pipe_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o purge_n of_o the_o inbred_a air_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o the_o excrement_n of_o the_o ear_n as_o also_o that_o the_o inbred_a air_n may_v be_v recreate_v by_o the_o arrival_n
one_o kind_n of_o food_n or_o other_o when_o the_o sense_n of_o pleasure_n be_v take_v away_o they_o abstain_v from_o those_o meat_n or_o take_v but_o little_a and_o so_o pine_v away_o to_o death_n and_o this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o other_o man_n concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o taste_n ay_o say_v placentinus_n do_v rather_o think_v it_o therefore_o necessary_a because_o when_o it_o be_v lose_v the_o creature_n take_v all_o meat_n indifferent_o &_o by_o that_o mean_n taste_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v often_o extinguish_v by_o poison_n in_o steed_n of_o nourishment_n see_v therefore_o that_o perpetual_a nutrition_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a unto_o life_n therefore_o nature_n ordain_v this_o sense_n to_o take_v the_o assay_n which_o be_v fit_a shall_v be_v very_o exquisite_a because_o the_o lord_n it_o serve_v which_o be_v nutrition_n be_v the_o principal_a act_n for_o which_o the_o creature_n be_v ordain_v we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o of_o all_o the_o action_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o taste_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o servant_n and_o attendant_n there-unto_a especial_o mastication_n qvest._n xlvi_o whether_o the_o taste_n differ_v from_o the_o touch._n the_o taste_n be_v one_o of_o the_o five_o external_a sense_n whereby_o we_o discern_v the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n this_o sense_n have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v touch_v what_o taste_n be_v and_o how_o never_o a_o kin_n to_o touch_v in_o so_o much_o that_o some_o have_v make_v no_o distinction_n between_o they_o but_o have_v place_v the_o taste_n under_o the_o touch_n as_o the_o species_n under_o the_o genus_fw-la for_o which_o they_o have_v not_o only_a aristotle_n authority_n but_o very_o strong_a reason_n the_o authority_n they_o produce_v be_v these_o arist_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la et_fw-la sensilt_n say_v that_o the_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v again_o in_o many_o place_n he_o affirm_v that_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v as_o in_o the_o 4._o chap._n of_o the_o book_n before_o name_v in_o the_o 64_o text_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la in_o the_o 17_o chap._n of_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr partibus_fw-la animalium_fw-la &_o in_o authority_n aristotle_n authority_n infinite_a other_o place_n but_o these_o authority_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v of_o any_o great_a consequence_n because_o the_o same_o aristotle_n do_v oftentimes_o affirm_v that_o all_o sense_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v from_o whence_o it_o will_v as_o well_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o sense_n that_o be_v the_o touch_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a we_o must_v not_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o the_o taste_n and_o question_n call_v into_o question_n the_o touch_n be_v all_o one_o because_o aristotle_n say_v that_o the_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch._n it_o seem_v to_o i_o notwithstanding_o that_o there_o be_v something_o in_o it_o why_o particular_o entreat_v in_o diverse_a place_n concern_v the_o taste_n he_o call_v it_o rather_o a_o touch_n than_o the_o other_o sense_n especial_o in_o his_o proper_a tractate_n of_o this_o sense_n whereas_o he_o give_v no_o such_o attribute_n to_o any_o other_o of_o the_o sense_n for_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr visu_fw-la he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o see_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n nor_o shall_v you_o find_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o hear_v and_o of_o smell_a any_o such_o matter_n further_o this_o opinion_n be_v confirm_v by_o aristotle_n argument_n because_o he_o ascribe_v expound_v and_o expound_v the_o same_o object_n to_o both_o these_o sense_n for_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr gustu_fw-la that_o which_o be_v gustable_a or_o fit_a to_o be_v taste_v be_v also_o tangible_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v touch_v and_o compare_v the_o taste_n with_o the_o touch_n that_o there_o be_v the_o very_a same_o reason_n and_o nature_n of_o they_o both_o yea_o that_o they_o differ_v nothing_o one_o from_o another_o but_o in_o the_o 28._o text_n of_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la he_o speak_v of_o set_a purpose_n avouch_v the_o very_a same_o for_o he_o say_v not_o only_o that_o that_o which_o be_v gustable_a be_v also_o tangible_a but_o also_o that_o the_o touch_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o aliment_n and_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o text_n express_o name_v the_o object_n of_o taste_n he_o say_v that_o a_o sapor_n be_v one_o of_o those_o which_o be_v perceive_v by_o touch_v and_o in_o the_o 63._o text_n of_o the_o same_o book_n more_o plain_o thus_o wherefore_o the_o taste_n itself_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v for_o it_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o aliment_n now_o aliment_n be_v a_o body_n which_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o touch._n if_o therefore_o taste_v and_o touch_v have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o object_n sure_o they_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o from_o the_o plurality_n and_o diversity_n of_o object_n the_o plurality_n and_o diversity_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v gather_v so_o from_o a_o unity_n and_o identity_n of_o the_o object_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v there_o shall_v follow_v also_o a_o unity_n and_o identity_n of_o the_o sense_n they_o add_v also_o a_o argument_n gather_v out_o of_o aristotle_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr gustu_fw-la on_o this_o manner_n taste_n and_o touch_v do_v equal_o perceive_v that_o which_o be_v moist_a yea_o moisture_n though_o it_o be_v insipid_a some_o say_n may_v be_v discern_v by_o the_o taste_n see_v therefore_o the_o object_n of_o the_o touch_n may_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n reciprocal_o by_o the_o touch_n they_o must_v not_o be_v esteem_v distinct_a sense_n final_o they_o add_v out_o of_o aristotle_n that_o in_o the_o 23._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o the_o 68_o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o touch_v only_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o creature_n and_o again_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la as_o also_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n save_o one_o of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la he_o say_v that_o a_o creature_n can_v be_v without_o the_o taste_n wherefore_o say_v they_o aristotle_n think_v that_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch_n be_v both_o one_o otherwise_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o repugnancy_n betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n all_o these_o particular_a instance_n out_o of_o aristotle_n do_v at_o the_o first_o blush_n seem_v to_o prove_v that_o he_o be_v of_o their_o mind_n but_o if_o we_o look_v somewhat_o more_o narrow_o into_o they_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n gather_v from_o aristotle_n by_o good_a and_o lawful_a consequence_n for_o first_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o demonstrate_v the_o affinity_n betwixt_o these_o two_o sense_n for_o if_o he_o have_v mean_v that_o the_o taste_n and_o authority_n answer_v to_o aristotle_n authority_n the_o touch_n do_v not_o differ_v in_o specie_fw-la he_o will_v never_o have_v say_v that_o gustus_n be_v tactus_n quidam_fw-la but_o simple_o and_o plain_o gustus_n be_v tactus_n he_o will_v not_o have_v say_v that_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n but_o that_o taste_n be_v a_o touch._n neither_o be_v we_o to_o wonder_v why_o aristotle_n speak_v in_o instance_n to_o the_o first_o instance_n this_o manner_n rather_o of_o this_o sense_n then_o of_o any_o other_o be_v it_o not_o because_o none_o of_o the_o other_o sense_n have_v any_o such_o acquaintance_n or_o familiarity_n with_o the_o touch_n as_o the_o taste_n have_v consider_v first_o that_o the_o taste_n as_o also_o the_o touch_n be_v make_v without_o a_o medium_n so_o be_v not_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o as_o well_o in_o the_o taste_n as_o in_o the_o touch_v the_o object_n must_v touch_v the_o organ_n so_o that_o their_o extreme_a part_n be_v contiguous_a one_o unto_o another_o touch._n the_o affiâ—â—ity_n betwixt_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch._n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o gustable_a object_n be_v above_o that_o which_o taste_v make_v gustation_n whereas_o in_o other_o sense_n there_o be_v no_o comprehension_n of_o the_o object_n by_o the_o organ_n save_v by_o the_o interposition_n or_o mediation_n of_o a_o medium_n or_o middle_a body_n final_o the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v more_o endow_v with_o tactile_a quality_n than_o the_o object_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n as_o be_v more_o corporeal_a material_a earthy_a and_o to_o speak_v in_o a_o word_n correspondent_a or_o answerable_a to_o the_o tactile_a object_n so_o that_o aristotle_n may_v well_o say_v that_o
hard_a body_n as_o that_o surcle_n of_o the_o five_o conjugation_n which_o creep_v through_o the_o hole_n opinion_n galens_n opinion_n of_o the_o temple-bone_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v coecum_fw-la or_o the_o blinde-hole_n be_v make_v hard_a by_o the_o contaction_n of_o the_o bone_n than_o his_o beginning_n be_v galen_n attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o hardness_n and_o softness_n to_o the_o counsel_n of_o nature_n because_o say_v he_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n need_v a_o soft_a nerve_n a_o nerve_n as_o a_o canale_n to_o lead_v along_o the_o animal_n and_o sensative_a spirit_n and_o a_o soft_a nerve_n because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v affect_v and_o to_o suffer_v somewhat_o from_o the_o sensible_a object_n apply_v unto_o it_o from_o without_o now_o because_o that_o which_o be_v soft_a be_v fit_a for_o passion_n that_o which_o be_v hard_a for_o action_n therefore_o say_v he_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n shall_v have_v soft_a nerve_n communicate_v unto_o they_o and_o the_o part_n which_o be_v to_o be_v move_v by_o voluntary_a motion_n shall_v have_v hard_a nerve_n and_o this_o he_o proove_v because_o unto_o those_o instrument_n of_o sense_n which_o have_v not_o only_a sensation_n but_o motion_n there_o be_v a_o double_a kind_n of_o nerve_n communicate_v one_o for_o sense_n anotehr_fw-ge for_fw-mi motion_n as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o eye_n unto_o which_o the_o first_o conjugation_n be_v allow_v for_o sense_n and_o the_o second_o for_o motion_n so_o in_o the_o tongue_n which_o receive_v the_o three_o and_o four_o coniugation_n so_o anatomist_n do_v usual_o distinguish_v they_o for_o taste_v and_o the_o seven_o for_o motion_n by_o the_o way_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o nerve_n beside_o their_o use_n have_v also_o a_o animal_n action_n reason_n bauhine_v opinion_n his_o reason_n because_o they_o be_v affect_v by_o the_o object_n and_o therefore_o the_o soft_a nerve_n be_v fit_a for_o sense_n and_o the_o hard_a for_o motion_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o say_v bauhine_v yet_o we_o conceive_v that_o the_o nerve_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v indifferent_o dispose_v both_o to_o sense_n and_o to_o motion_n so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v call_v sentientes_fw-la or_o motores_fw-la perceiver_n or_o mover_n from_o the_o instrument_n or_o part_n unto_o which_o they_o be_v conduct_v and_o in_o which_o they_o be_v disseminated_a for_o if_o they_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o instrument_n of_o motion_n that_o be_v into_o the_o muscle_n then_o be_v they_o call_v motorij_fw-la or_o move_a nerve_n if_o into_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n then_o be_v they_o call_v sensorij_fw-la or_o perceive_v nerve_n yea_o we_o see_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nerve_n do_v convey_v instance_n a_o instance_n motion_n and_o sense_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o instrument_n for_o example_n the_o seven_o conjugation_n of_o the_o brain_n convey_v unto_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o bowel_n which_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o low_a belly_n the_o sense_n of_o touch_v and_o yet_o the_o same_o pair_n be_v on_o either_o side_n reflect_v make_v the_o recurrent_a nerve_n which_o distribute_v surcle_n into_o every_o muscle_n of_o the_o larynx_n or_o throttle_v to_o move_v the_o same_o and_o if_o the_o same_o nerve_n shall_v meet_v with_o the_o instrument_n of_o see_v of_o hear_v and_o of_o taste_v the_o same_o perceive_v &_o move_v nerve_n will_v also_o become_v see_v hear_v and_o taste_v nerve_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o nerve_n which_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o muscle_n to_o afford_v unto_o they_o voluntary_a motion_n do_v together_o with_o that_o power_n afford_v unto_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o muscle_n into_o which_o their_o fibre_n do_v determine_v the_o sense_n of_o touch_v and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o nerve_n the_o brain_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n because_o the_o animal_n faculty_n which_o be_v seat_v only_o in_o the_o brain_n do_v notwithstanding_o transfuse_v itself_o through_o the_o nerve_n although_o out_o of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v easy_o collect_v the_o use_n of_o the_o nerve_n yet_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o remember_v that_o galen_n in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o his_o five_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o out_o of_o he_o vesalius_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n make_v a_o threefold_a nerve_n the_o use_n of_o the_o nerve_n use_n of_o they_o the_o first_o to_o convey_v sense_n unto_o the_o instrument_n of_o sensation_n to_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o tongue_n to_o the_o ear_n and_o beside_o these_o to_o the_o palm_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o finger_n yea_o to_o the_o uppermost_a mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n also_o for_o these_o after_o a_o sense_n be_v organ_n of_o sensation_n for_o the_o best_a judge_n by_o touch_v be_v the_o hand_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n have_v a_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o the_o want_n of_o aliment_n which_o we_o common_o call_v hunger_n the_o second_o use_n be_v to_o afford_v motion_n to_o the_o movable_a part_n so_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n have_v nerve_n convey_v unto_o they_o and_o because_o they_o be_v make_v to_o move_v the_o whole_a member_n therefore_o their_o nerve_n be_v great_a and_o large_a and_o because_o the_o same_o muscle_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o faculty_n of_o discern_v tactile_a quality_n for_o the_o security_n and_o preservation_n of_o our_o life_n therefore_o also_o they_o have_v nerve_n by_o which_o nerve_n they_o have_v this_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n the_o three_o use_n be_v that_o for_o which_o all_o other_o part_n have_v nerve_n to_o wit_n that_o they_o may_v perceive_v those_o thing_n which_o will_v be_v grecuous_a unto_o they_o although_o this_o use_n may_v well_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o former_a for_o so_o wise_a so_o just_a so_o skilful_a be_v nature_n say_v hypocrates_n we_o say_v the_o great_a god_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o provident_a for_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o creature_n that_o she_o have_v distribute_v nerve_n to_o all_o the_o part_n although_o not_o in_o the_o same_o measure_n but_o to_o some_o more_o liberal_o to_o other_o with_o a_o strait_a hand_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o magnitude_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o their_o action_n of_o the_o intention_n or_o remission_n of_o their_o motion_n of_o the_o assiduity_n or_o intermission_n of_o their_o use_n so_o make_v a_o exquisite_a estimate_n of_o the_o need_n of_o the_o dignity_n and_o of_o the_o use_n of_o every_o part_n to_o some_o she_o have_v allow_v great_a nerve_n to_o some_o lesser_a but_o to_o every_o one_o that_o be_v fit_a for_o it_o for_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o magnitude_n of_o nerve_n the_o thick_a be_v those_o which_o be_v distribute_v unto_o the_o remore_a place_n and_o into_o the_o most_o part_n such_o be_v they_o that_o nerus_fw-la the_o magnitude_n of_o nerus_fw-la be_v send_v unto_o the_o joint_n which_o because_o they_o need_v great_a abundance_n of_o spirit_n have_v a_o great_a proportion_n of_o original_n of_o sinew_n grant_v they_o out_o of_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n which_o be_v in_o the_o rackbone_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o of_o the_o loin_n that_o from_o their_o marrow_n they_o may_v receive_v a_o competency_n of_o spirit_n as_o it_o be_v by_o many_o root_n which_o yet_o be_v gather_v together_o do_v make_v one_o thick_a nerve_n but_o be_v again_o though_o almost_o insensible_o distribute_v into_o lesser_a branch_n those_o nerve_n be_v mean_o which_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o the_o head_n for_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o brain_n and_o very_a soft_a they_o can_v not_o be_v very_o small_a those_o nerve_n be_v small_a which_o be_v distribute_v into_o the_o next_o part_n as_o into_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o face_n we_o will_v also_o say_v something_o concern_v the_o original_n of_o nerve_n the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n be_v not_o from_o the_o heart_n though_o aristotle_n so_o conceive_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o buoke_v de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animali_fw-la and_o in_o the_o four_o of_o his_o three_o de_fw-la partibus_fw-la original_n their_o original_n animalium_fw-la for_o in_o dissection_n we_o meet_v with_o no_o nerve_n produce_v therefrom_o and_o those_o that_o be_v lead_v unto_o it_o from_o the_o sixth_o conjugation_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v so_o small_a that_o vesalius_n witness_v that_o he_o can_v find_v but_o one_o and_o that_o with_o great_a difficulty_n neither_o have_v they_o their_o original_n as_o erasistratus_n think_v in_o his_o youth_n out_o of_o the_o dura_n mater_fw-la or_o thick_a membrane_n of_o the_o brain_n as_o their_o substance_n
those_o of_o the_o brain_n because_o thence_o all_o nerve_n take_v their_o original_a chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o coniugation_n those_o two_o process_n of_o the_o brain_n call_v mammillares_n which_o be_v the_o instrument_n process_n the_o mamillary_a process_n of_o smell_a do_v come_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o first_o place_n but_o because_o we_o have_v relate_v their_o history_n and_o exhibit_v the_o table_n which_o belong_v to_o they_o in_o the_o sixteenth_o chapter_n of_o the_o seven_o book_n we_o will_v refer_v the_o reader_n for_o his_o satisfaction_n unto_o that_o place_n and_o proceed_v unto_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o eye_n whereof_o indeed_o we_o make_v some_o mention_n before_o but_o that_o brief_o and_o by_o the_o way_n as_o also_o we_o have_v do_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nerve_n because_o they_o take_v their_o original_a from_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o be_v then_o the_o main_n subject_a of_o our_o discourse_n the_o nerve_n therefore_o of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v call_v optic_n or_o nerui_fw-la visorij_fw-la because_o by_o they_o we_o see_n the_o second_o be_v call_v oculorum_fw-la motorij_fw-la the_o move_a nerve_n of_o the_o eye_n for_o by_o they_o the_o eye_n be_v wonderful_o and_o sudden_o move_v the_o opticke_n be_v the_o first_o conjugation_n of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n tab._n 22._o figure_n 1_o and_o 2_o g_o which_o be_v the_o thick_a of_o all_o the_o coniugation_n of_o the_o brain_n yea_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n nerve_n the_o optic_a nerve_n if_o they_o be_v not_o compound_v of_o diverse_a filament_n and_o so_o much_o the_o thick_a they_o be_v because_o say_v galen_n in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o sixteen_o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la they_o have_v sensible_a cavity_n beside_o of_o all_o the_o other_o they_o be_v the_o soft_a they_o arise_v under_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o brain_n where_o the_o marrow_n begin_v original_a their_o original_a to_o be_v lengthen_v galen_n in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o sixteenth_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la say_v they_o arise_v from_o both_o side_n of_o the_o forward_a ventricle_n to_o who_o end_n they_o be_v join_v howsoever_o after_o their_o original_n they_o run_v oblique_o inward_a and_o forward_o and_o when_o they_o have_v go_v a_o little_a distance_n and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o journey_n they_o be_v unite_v above_o the_o saddle_n of_o the_o wedgebone_n tab._n 22._o figure_n 1_o h_n not_o only_o by_o intersection_n or_o simple_a contaction_n but_o by_o a_o confusion_n of_o their_o marrow_n be_v so_o mingle_v as_o they_o make_v one_o common_a body_n wherein_o the_o two_o nerve_n can_v be_v separate_v one_o from_o another_o present_o confusion_n their_o confusion_n after_o this_o confusion_n they_o be_v again_o separate_v tab._n 22._o figu_n 1_o above_o h_n run_v each_o of_o they_o oblique_o outward_a by_o a_o hole_n of_o the_o wedgebone_n which_o be_v make_v of_o purpose_n common_o account_v for_o the_o first_o hole_n of_o the_o same_o and_o so_o get_v out_o of_o the_o scull_n the_o right_n run_v unto_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o right_a eye_n on_o the_o hinder_a part_n and_o the_o leave_v unto_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o left_a as_o if_o they_o be_v the_o root_n of_o the_o eye_n notwithstanding_o vesalius_n and_o platerus_n do_v not_o think_v that_o their_o implantation_n be_v into_o the_o centre_n but_o to_o the_o right_a side_n ward_n in_o bruit_n beast_n indeed_o they_o be_v not_o implant_v into_o the_o centre_n but_o much_o low_a for_o they_o separation_n separation_n look_v not_o so_o much_o forward_o as_o sideward_v these_o nerve_n be_v not_o dissolve_v into_o fibres_n as_o other_o nerve_n be_v but_o be_v spread_v abroad_o within_o the_o eye_n notwithstanding_o vesalius_n say_v that_o he_o have_v observe_v they_o in_o swine_n to_o consist_v of_o many_o filament_n as_o do_v the_o nerve_n of_o the_o leg_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v double_a marrowey_a and_o membranous_a for_o the_o substance_n their_o substance_n inner_a part_n be_v soft_a which_o you_o shall_v perceive_v will_v squeeze_v out_o if_o you_o press_v the_o nerve_n hard_o while_o it_o be_v yet_o compass_v with_o his_o membrane_n of_o this_o marrowey_a substance_n diffuse_v in_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v make_v that_o coat_n which_o be_v call_v amphiblestroide_n or_o retina_fw-la tunica_fw-la from_o the_o resemblance_n it_o have_v with_o a_o net_n tab_v tunica_fw-la retina_fw-la tunica_fw-la 22._o fig._n 1._o and_o 2._o i_o which_o notwithstanding_o to_o say_v truth_n be_v nothing_o less_o than_o a_o coat_n because_o it_o differ_v nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n compass_v the_o vitrious_a humour_n round_o about_o and_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o eye_n that_o so_o the_o visive_a spirit_n may_v be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o cavity_n thereof_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v two_o one_o from_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la and_o another_o membrane_n their_o membrane_n from_o the_o dura_n mater_fw-la notwithstanding_o from_o their_o original_n to_o the_o hole_n which_o be_v in_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o wherethrough_a they_o pass_v they_o be_v invest_v only_o with_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la from_o thence_o to_o the_o eye_n itself_o they_o assume_v another_o involution_n or_o vestment_n from_o the_o dura_n meninx_n which_o also_o be_v consume_v into_o the_o horny_a coat_n as_o the_o membrane_n they_o have_v from_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la be_v spend_v into_o the_o grapie_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o continuation_n of_o this_o nerve_n in_o a_o very_a moment_n of_o time_n the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v convey_v unto_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o perforation_n or_o hole_n of_o the_o grapy_a coat_n and_o therefore_o when_o one_o eye_n be_v shut_v we_o may_v easy_o discern_v that_o the_o pupilla_fw-la of_o the_o other_o will_v be_v sudden_o dilate_v because_o of_o the_o affluence_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o by_o this_o demonstration_n galen_n in_o the_o 4._o chapter_n of_o his_o 7._o book_n de_fw-la placitis_fw-la make_v it_o manifest_a even_o to_o the_o very_a sense_n that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o spirit_n but_o a_o animal_n spirit_n in_o the_o body_n of_o man_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v why_o nature_n do_v so_o provide_v that_o when_o one_o eye_n be_v shut_v the_o spirit_n shall_v all_o accrue_v unto_o the_o other_o i_o answer_v it_o be_v to_o accomplish_v the_o perfection_n of_o that_o sense_n for_o the_o concourse_n of_o spirit_n do_v better_o receive_v the_o impression_n of_o the_o object_n and_o convey_v it_o to_o the_o sense_n with_o more_o speed_n and_o certainty_n concern_v the_o counsel_n of_o nature_n in_o unite_n the_o optic_a nerve_n many_o man_n have_v dispute_v diverse_o galen_n think_v it_o be_v that_o one_o object_n may_v not_o appear_v double_a answer_v diverse_a reason_n why_o the_o optic_n be_v unite_v answer_v which_o conceit_n vessalius_n dislike_v and_o so_o do_v archangelus_n who_o add_v that_o if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o reason_n the_o nerve_n of_o hear_v of_o smell_a and_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n shall_v have_v be_v unite_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o journey_n that_o one_o audible_a or_o odorable_a thing_n may_v not_o appear_v double_a the_o second_o reason_n give_v for_o the_o unition_n of_o the_o optic_n be_v that_o one_o eye_n be_v put_v out_o the_o creature_n may_v see_v with_o the_o other_o but_o it_o be_v more_o reasonable_a to_o say_v that_o nature_n first_o intention_n be_v that_o both_o the_o eye_n shall_v always_o remain_v sound_a the_o three_o reason_n that_o when_o one_o eye_n be_v shut_v all_o the_o visive_a spirit_n shall_v hasten_v unto_o the_o other_o to_o make_v the_o sight_n more_o acute_a or_o sharp_a but_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o one_o nerve_n can_v contain_v so_o much_o spirit_n as_o be_v in_o both_o he_o that_o shoot_v at_o a_o mark_n in_o a_o crossbow_n or_o in_o a_o piece_n think_v haply_o that_o he_o see_v more_o sharp_o when_o he_o blink_v of_o one_o eye_n then_o when_o he_o see_v his_o mark_n with_o both_o but_o therein_o he_o be_v deceive_v for_o indeed_o he_o see_v not_o his_o mark_n so_o well_o yet_o be_v able_a to_o lay_v his_o level_n better_a because_o he_o see_v more_o direct_o when_o he_o look_v through_o a_o narrow_a hole_n the_o four_o reason_n some_o conceive_v to_o be_v that_o when_o we_o be_v constrain_v to_o look_v through_o a_o narrow_a hole_n or_o by_o the_o same_o right_a line_n by_o which_o both_o the_o eye_n can_v discern_v in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o
smell_v 616_o 29._o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o face_n 620_o 30._o of_o the_o mouth_n palate_n and_o vuula_n 621_o 31._o of_o the_o fauces_fw-la or_o chap_n and_o almond_n 624_o 32._o of_o the_o tongue_n and_o his_o muscle_n 626_o 33._o of_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v 631_o 34._o the_o larynx_n or_o throttle_n 633_o 35._o of_o the_o glottis_fw-la and_o cleave_v of_o the_o larynx_n 644_o 36._o of_o the_o epiglottis_fw-la and_o his_o muscle_n ibid._n 37._o of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o larynx_n ibid._n 38._o of_o the_o sound_n and_o the_o voice_n 645_o the_o controversy_n of_o the_o eight_o book_n chap._n i._n what_o sense_n be_v 646_o 2._o what_o action_n be_v 653_o 3._o the_o end_n of_o action_n 654_o 4._o how_o manifold_a action_n be_v 655_o 5._o that_o sense_n be_v not_o a_o pure_a passion_n 656_o 6._o that_o sense_n be_v not_o a_o simple_a action_n 657_o 7._o placentinus_n his_o opinion_n ibid._n 8._o how_o the_o faculty_n be_v wrought_v in_o the_o sense_n 658_o 9_o where_o sensation_n be_v perfect_a 659_o 10._o that_o by_o our_o outward_a sense_n we_o do_v not_o know_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n ibid_fw-la 11._o whence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o perceive_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n 660_o 12._o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n ibid_fw-la 13._o of_o the_o order_n of_o sense_n 661_o 14._o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o order_n of_o sense_n 662_o 15._o the_o argument_n of_o the_o philosopher_n ibid._n 16._o the_o argument_n of_o the_o physician_n 663_o 17._o the_o author_n own_o opinion_n ib._n 18._o whether_o the_o sense_n do_v need_v a_o medium_n be_v mean_a ib_n 19_o what_o the_o medium_n ought_v to_o be_v 664_o 20._o what_o a_o object_n be_v 665_o 21._o of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n 666_o 22._o of_o the_o manner_n of_o see_v ibid_fw-la 23._o whether_o we_o see_v that_o which_o be_v within_o the_o eye_n 670_o 24._o whether_o the_o organ_n of_o fight_n be_v fiery_a or_o watery_a 672_o 25._o wherefore_o the_o eye_n be_v diverse_o colour_v 673_o 26._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o their_o motion_n 675_o 27._o two_o obscure_a and_o intricate_a question_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v resolve_v 676_o 28._o of_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o eye_n whether_o they_o be_v animate_v part_n 677_o 29._o of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o opttck_n their_o meeting_n and_o insertion_n 679_o 30._o whether_o the_o light_n be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o sight_n 681_o 31._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o light_n and_o what_o it_o be_v 682_o 31._o of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o lux_fw-la or_o light_v itself_o and_o lumen_fw-la or_o illumination_n 684_o 32._o that_o colour_n be_v the_o colour_n of_o sight_n 685_o 33._o whether_o colour_n be_v light_n .._o ibid._n 34._o that_o the_o pure_a element_n be_v not_o colour_v of_o themselves_o 687_o 35._o of_o the_o generation_n of_o colour_n and_o of_o their_o form_n ib._n 36._o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_v of_o the_o sight_n 689_o 37._o whether_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o that_o which_o be_v perspicuus_fw-la 690_o 38._o of_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n 691_o 39_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n 693_o 40._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n 694_o 41._o of_o the_o manner_n of_o hear_v 696_o 42._o what_o be_v the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v 697_o 43._o a_o explication_n of_o certain_a hard_a problem_n about_o the_o ear_n 698_o 44._o of_o the_o wonderful_a sympathy_n &_o consent_n of_o the_o ear_n the_o palate_n the_o tongue_n and_o the_o throttle_n 700_o 45._o what_o smell_v be_v 702_o 46._o why_o man_n do_v not_o smell_v so_o well_o as_o many_o other_o creature_n 703_o 47._o of_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o odour_n 704_o 48._o the_o definition_n of_o a_o odour_n 706_o 49._o of_o the_o cause_n of_o odour_n 707_o 50._o conclude_v that_o fish_n do_v not_o smell_v .._o 708_o 51._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o odour_n 710_o 52._o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_v of_o smell_v ib._n 53._o after_o what_o manner_n a_o odour_n affect_v or_o change_v the_o medium_n 711_o 54._o what_o be_v the_o true_a organ_n of_o smell_v 712_o 55._o whether_o taste_n be_v the_o chief_a action_n of_o the_o tongue_n 715_o 56._o whether_o the_o taste_n differ_v from_o the_o touch_n ib._n 57_o of_o the_o object_n of_o taste_v 718_o 58._o of_o the_o matter_n of_o sapour_n ibid._n 59_o of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o sapour_n 719_o 60._o of_o the_o number_n of_o sapour_n ibid._n 61._o of_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a of_o taste_v 722_o 62._o of_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_v 723_o 63._o whether_o the_o tongue_n alone_o do_v taste_v 724_o 64._o in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o taste_n be_v most_o exact_a folio_n 725_o the_o nine_o book_n chap._n i._n a_o brief_a description_n of_o the_o joint_n 728_o 2._o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o joint_n in_o general_n ibid._n 3._o of_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o hand_n 729_o 4._o of_o the_o use_n figure_n and_o structure_n of_o the_o hand_n properly_z so_o call_v 730_o 5._o wherein_o be_v declare_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o frame_n of_o all_o the_o similar_v part_n whereof_o the_o hand_n be_v compound_v 731_o 6._o of_o the_o distinct_a part_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o wrist_n and_o of_o the_o afterwr_a 732_o 7._o of_o the_o finger_n of_o the_o hand_n ibid._n 8._o of_o the_o foot_n in_o general_a his_o excellency_n figure_n structure_n and_o use_n 733_o 9_o the_o similar_v part_n of_o the_o foot_n in_o the_o large_a acception_n 734_o 10._o a_o explication_n of_o the_o disimilar_v part_n of_o the_o whole_a foot_n 735_o the_o 10._o book_n chap._n 1._o what_o flesh_n be_v and_o how_o many_o sort_n of_o flesh_n there_o be_v 737_o 2._o of_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o what_o a_o muscle_n be_v 738_o 3._o how_o many_o and_o what_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o muscle_n fol._n 739_o 4._o what_o be_v the_o action_n of_o a_o muscle_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o motion_n thereof_o 741_o 5._o wherein_o all_o the_o difference_n of_o muscle_n be_v show_v 742_o 6._o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o muscle_n 743_o 7._o of_o the_o muscle_n which_o move_v the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n 745_o 8._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n lid_n 746_o 9_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n 747_o 10._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o outward_a care_n 750_o 11._o of_o the_o muscle_n within_o the_o care_n 752_o 12._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o nose_n 753_o 13._o of_o the_o common_a muscle_n of_o the_o cheek_n and_o li_n 754_o 14._o of_o the_o proper_a muscle_n of_o the_o li_n 755_o 15._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a law_n 757_o 16._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o chop_n which_o serve_v for_o diglutition_n or_o swallow_a 760_o 17._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o bone_n call_v hyois_n ib_n 18._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n 761_o 19_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o larynx_n 763_o 20._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o epiglottis_fw-la or_o of_o the_o over-tongue_n 766_o 21._o of_o the_o muscle_n which_o move_v the_o head_n 767_o 22._o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o neck_n 771_o 23._o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o shoulderblade_n call_v omoplata_n or_o scapula_n 772_o 24._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o arm_n 775_o 25._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cubit_n 780_o 26._o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la or_o wand_n 782_o 27_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o hand_n in_o general_n 785_o 28_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o palm_n and_o 2_o or_o three_o other_o yssue_v from_o the_o fleshy_a membrane_n 786_o 29_o the_o substance_n which_o come_v between_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o palm_n and_o of_o the_o finger_n &_o their_o tendon_n ibid._n 30_o the_o muscle_n which_o bend_v and_o extend_v the_o sorefinger_n 787_o 31_o of_o the_o muscle_n that_o bend_v &_o extend_v the_o thumb_n fol._n 789_o 32_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o afterwr_a and_o the_o wrest_v fol._n 791_o 33_o the_o muscle_n of_o respiration_n 793_o 34._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la or_o paunch_n 796_o 35_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o back_n 801_o 36_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o fundament_n the_o bladder_n the_o testicle_n and_o the_o yard_n 803_o 37._o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o leg._n 804_o 38._o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thigh_n 807_o 39_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o foot_n 813_o 40._o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o toe_n 817_o 41._o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o entrail_n or_o bowel_n 820_o 42._o what_o a_o glandule_n be_v and_o how_o many_o kind_n there_o be_v of_o they_o 821_o 43_o a_o brief_a enumeration_n of_o the_o glandule_n in_o the_o whole_a body_n 823_o the_o eleven_o book_n chap._n 1._o what_o a_o vein_n be_v 825_o 2._o of_o the_o use_n and_o
every_o creature_n because_o he_o be_v in_o power_n in_o a_o empedoclas_n how_o man_n be_v all_o creature_n empedoclas_n manner_n all_o thing_n not_o for_o matter_n and_o substance_n as_o empedocles_n will_v have_v it_o but_o analogical_o by_o participation_n or_o reception_n of_o the_o several_a species_n or_o kind_n of_o thing_n other_o call_v he_o the_o royal_a temple_n and_o image_n of_o god_n for_o as_o in_o coin_n the_o picture_n of_o caesar_n so_o in_o man_n the_o image_n of_o god_n be_v apparent_o discern_v other_o call_v he_o the_o end_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o in_o nature_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n to_o who_o all_o sublunary_a create_v body_n and_o spirit_n be_v obedient_a yet_o he_o himself_o subject_a unto_o none_o unless_o peradventure_o one_o man_n come_v under_o the_o lee_n and_o subjection_n of_o another_o the_o kingly_a prophet_n david_n full_a of_o heavenly_a inspiration_n descipher_v the_o dignity_n of_o man_n on_o this_o manner_n thou_o have_v make_v he_o little_o low_a than_o the_o angel_n thou_o have_v 8._o psal_n 8._o crown_v he_o with_o glory_n and_o honour_n and_o give_v he_o dominion_n over_o the_o work_n of_o thy_o hand_n these_o be_v excellent_a that_o i_o may_v not_o say_v divine_a commendation_n which_o man_n have_v partly_o soul_n the_o sign_n of_o man_n honour_n refer_v partly_o to_o his_o soul_n partly_o to_o his_o body_n the_o excellency_n of_o the_o soul_n from_o his_o soul_n the_o most_o excellent_a of_o all_o form_n partly_o from_o his_o body_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n and_o exemplary_a pattern_n of_o all_o corporeal_a thing_n the_o soul_n indeed_o be_v so_o divine_a that_o raise_v and_o mount_v itself_o sometime_o above_o all_o natural_a form_n it_o comprehend_v by_o a_o admirable_a absolutely-free_a and_o imcompulsive_a power_n all_o incorporeal_a thing_n sever_v and_o divide_v from_o all_o matter_n and_o substance_n this_o soul_n if_o it_o can_v be_v discern_v with_o the_o eye_n or_o but_o conceyve_v by_o the_o mind_n how_o will_v it_o ravish_v we_o and_o lead_v we_o into_o a_o create_v the_o soul_n alone_o be_v continual_o create_v excessive_a love_n of_o itself_o only_o this_o be_v create_v not_o generate_v and_o albeit_o as_o the_o philosopher_n speak_v there_o be_v a_o subject_n suppon_v in_o her_o production_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o that_o supponed_a matter_n but_o rather_o absolu_v and_o perfect_v the_o same_o this_o only_a be_v indivisible_a for_o all_o other_o natural_a form_n receive_v augmentation_n diminution_n and_o division_n together_o with_o their_o subject_n but_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o whole_a immaterial_a it_o alone_o be_v indivisible_a immaterial_a and_o whole_o in_o every_o particular_a part_n this_o only_a be_v immaterial_a herein_o alone_o participate_v with_o the_o matter_n that_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o all_o species_n or_o kind_n even_o as_o the_o first_o matter_n admit_v all_o impression_n and_o form_n and_o yet_o the_o manner_n of_o reception_n be_v not_o alike_o in_o they_o both_o for_o that_o first_o matter_n receive_v but_o particular_a and_o individual_a form_n and_o that_o without_o understanding_n in_o the_o soul_n be_v imprint_v the_o universal_a form_n of_o thing_n and_o it_o have_v also_o understand_v to_o judge_v of_o they_o the_o matter_n admit_v those_o particular_a form_n material_o and_o withal_o obli_fw-la erate_v or_o soul_n how_o the_o reception_n of_o form_n differ_v in_o the_o first_o matter_n and_o in_o the_o soul_n blot_v out_o the_o contrary_a form_n whereof_o it_o be_v before_o possess_v the_o soul_n of_o man_n receive_v and_o entertain_v the_o general_a and_o universal_a notion_n of_o thing_n free_a from_o all_o contagion_n or_o touch_n of_o matter_n not_o abolish_n the_o contrary_n or_o diverse_a form_n whereof_o before_o it_o be_v possess_v this_o alone_a be_v incorporeal_a immortal_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o immutable_a this_o may_v be_v call_v the_o receptacle_n promptuary_n or_o store-house_n of_o all_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o thing_n angellicall_a the_o soul_n be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o species_n or_o form_n aristotle_n plato_n the_o soul_n be_v in_o the_o middle_a degree_n of_o all_o thing_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v angellicall_a aristotle_n in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la call_v it_o after_o a_o manner_n all_o thing_n because_o say_v he_o in_o a_o organ_n of_o sense_n the_o sensible_a species_n or_o image_n of_o thing_n be_v blot_v out_o and_o as_o it_o be_v drown_v but_o the_o soul_n retain_v they_o the_o platonist_n do_v range_v it_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o have_v god_n above_o it_o &_o the_o intelligence_n or_o angel_n below_o it_o all_o body_n and_o all_o quality_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v partaker_n of_o they_o both_o according_a to_o divine_n it_o approach_v very_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o angel_n by_o reason_n of_o her_o understanding_n or_o intellectual_a power_n of_o her_o original_n eternity_n image_n apprehension_n and_o beatitude_n to_o conclude_v there_o be_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n something_o metaphysical_a transcendent_a above_o nature_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n who_o groap_v but_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o be_v enwrap_v in_o a_o misty_a or_o cloudy_a veil_n of_o ignorance_n and_o be_v reveal_v only_o to_o christian_n to_o who_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n have_v shine_v for_o in_o it_o be_v a_o lively_a resemblance_n of_o the_o ineffable_a trinity_n represent_v by_o the_o three_o principal_a faculty_n memory_n understanding_n and_o simonides_n in_o the_o soul_n appear_v the_o image_n of_o the_o trinity_n simonides_n will._n but_o stay_v why_o shall_v i_o presume_v to_o describe_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o soul_n see_v it_o partake_v of_o so_o much_o divinity_n for_o of_o divine_a thing_n simonides_n have_v say_v well_o we_o can_v only_o say_v what_o they_o be_v not_o not_o what_o they_o be_v why_o shall_v i_o pain_v myself_o to_o open_v that_o shrine_n which_o nature_n herself_o have_v veil_v and_o seal_v up_o from_o our_o sense_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v profane_v therewith_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o hipocrates_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o inaspectible_a or_o invisible_a nature_n which_o can_v no_o more_o be_v describe_v by_o we_o than_o our_o eye_n be_v able_a to_o see_v itself_o these_o thing_n hipocrates_n hipocrates_n therefore_o belong_v to_o a_o high_a contemplation_n and_o require_v a_o more_o skilful_a workman_n to_o draw_v but_o the_o line_n or_o even_o to_o shadow_v they_o out_o let_v we_o content_v ourselves_o to_o handle_v that_o that_o may_v be_v handle_v or_o at_o least_o be_v subject_a unto_o some_o of_o our_o sense_n and_o so_o proceed_v to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o man_n namely_o the_o body_n which_o more_o true_o and_o proper_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o discourse_n of_o the_o dignity_n and_o wonderful_a frame_n of_o man_n body_n chap._n ii_o as_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v of_o all_o sublunary_a form_n the_o most_o noble_a so_o his_o body_n the_o house_n of_o the_o soul_n do_v so_o far_o excel_v as_o it_o may_v well_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o measure_n and_o rule_v of_o all_o other_o body_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o set_v forth_o the_o excellency_n of_o it_o but_o these_o especial_o thing_n the_o excellency_n of_o man_n body_n be_v set_v forth_o by_o four_o thing_n among_o other_o the_o frame_n and_o composition_n which_o be_v upright_o and_o mount_a towards_o heaven_n the_o moderate_a temper_n the_o equal_a and_o just_a proportion_n of_o the_o part_n and_o last_o their_o wonderful_a consent_n &_o mutual_a concord_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o law_n &_o rule_n of_o nature_n for_o so_o long_o in_o they_o we_o may_v behold_v the_o lively_a image_n of_o all_o this_o whole_a universe_n which_o we_o see_v with_o our_o eye_n as_o it_o be_v shadow_v in_o a_o glass_n or_o decipher_v in_o a_o table_n and_o first_o for_o the_o figure_n man_n only_o be_v of_o a_o upright_o frame_v and_o proportion_n whereupon_o he_o frame_n 1._o a_o upright_a frame_n be_v call_v of_o some_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d usual_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d look_v upward_o although_o plato_n in_o cratylo_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o man_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o cratylo_n plato_n in_o cratylo_n be_v contemplate_v those_o thing_n which_o he_o see_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o form_n or_o figure_n be_v mere_o philosophical_a as_o depend_v upon_o the_o efficient_a material_a and_o final_a cause_n the_o efficient_a be_v twofold_a primary_n and_o secondary_a the_o primary_n be_v the_o soul_n which_o come_v from_o without_o
lightness_n and_o nimble_a use_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o feather_n the_o industry_n of_o the_o hand_n more_o than_o the_o impetuous_a force_n and_o violence_n of_o bull_n or_o the_o tooth_n or_o hoof_n of_o wild_a and_o ravenous_a beast_n because_o they_o can_v redeem_v or_o free_v themselves_o from_o be_v oppress_v by_o we_o or_o acquit_v themselves_o from_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o our_o authority_n what_o the_o body_n of_o man_n differ_v from_o other_o creature_n and_o what_o it_o have_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a in_o the_o composition_n and_o frame_n thereof_o chap._n four_o and_o now_o lest_o those_o that_o be_v skilful_a and_o learned_a shall_v want_v any_o thing_n in_o our_o discourse_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o man_n and_o his_o admirable_a and_o wonderful_a frame_n and_o composition_n let_v we_o proceed_v unto_o such_o other_o thing_n as_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n the_o mother_n and_o governor_n of_o all_o thing_n have_v vouchsafe_v only_o to_o man_n and_o see_v in_o what_o and_o how_o much_o the_o body_n of_o man_n differ_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creature_n as_o in_o man_n &_o other_o creature_n there_o be_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o life_n and_o nourishment_n so_o the_o frame_n and_o structure_n of_o the_o vital_a &_o natural_a organ_n or_o instrument_n be_v not_o unlike_a in_o they_o both_o but_o as_o for_o the_o sense_n and_o power_n of_o motion_n wherein_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o animality_n you_o must_v give_v leave_n to_o a_o philosopher_n to_o use_v his_o own_o term_n or_o livelihood_n consist_v forasmuch_o as_o in_o man_n they_o do_v attend_v upon_o and_o serve_v a_o more_o noble_a form_n and_o be_v prepare_v to_o more_o divine_a use_n then_o for_o the_o avoid_v of_o evil_a and_o such_o other_o object_n of_o the_o appetite_n it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v organ_n frame_v and_o make_v with_o more_o curious_a and_o exquisite_a workmanship_n there_o be_v therefore_o in_o man_n over_o and_o beside_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v already_o handle_v namely_o his_o upright_a figure_n and_o his_o hand_n which_o no_o other_o creature_n have_v there_o be_v i_o say_v many_o thing_n in_o man._n what_o there_o be_v in_o man_n body_n proper_a &_o peculiar_a to_o man._n the_o structure_n and_o composition_n of_o the_o animal_n organ_n proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o man_n which_o do_v yet_o more_o demonstrative_o prove_v yea_o and_o express_v also_o the_o dignity_n of_o his_o body_n for_o to_o run_v through_o all_o from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o foot_n first_o of_o all_o live_a creature_n only_a man_n have_v a_o head_n make_v into_o a_o round_a and_o circular_a form_n as_o it_o be_v turn_v on_o a_o wheel_n both_o that_o it_o may_v be_v head_n 1._o a_o round_a head_n the_o more_o capable_a to_o receive_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o brain_n and_o less_o apt_a to_o be_v over-taken_v with_o danger_n either_o from_o without_o or_o within_o as_o also_o for_o the_o more_o ease_n in_o move_v and_o turn_v about_o and_o last_o because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v the_o mansion_n house_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v the_o soul_n now_o we_o know_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v infuse_v into_o we_o from_o heaven_n which_o even_o to_o our_o sense_n be_v round_o and_o circular_a see_v then_o her_o heavenly_a habitation_n be_v round_o before_o she_o be_v infuse_v it_o be_v likewise_o requisite_a that_o her_o mansion_n here_o below_o shall_v be_v orbicular_a also_o yet_o be_v the_o head_n of_o man_n not_o exquisite_o round_a as_o a_o bowl_n be_v but_o after_o a_o sort_n somewhat_o long_o also_o rise_v up_o in_o the_o two_o crown_n and_o on_o the_o side_n it_o become_v depress_v and_o flat_v only_o man_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n have_v for_o his_o bigness_n a_o brain_n very_o large_a and_o spacious_a and_o also_o very_o brain_n 2._o a_o large_a brain_n moist_a and_o watery_a the_o better_a to_o perform_v the_o variety_n of_o the_o animal_n function_n and_o office_n for_o the_o soul_n do_v not_o execute_v her_o office_n without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o spirit_n the_o matter_n and_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o spirit_n be_v blood_n now_o plenty_n of_o blood_n be_v not_o contain_v nor_o can_v be_v conclude_v within_o a_o little_a and_o small_a body_n the_o face_n be_v say_v also_o to_o be_v proper_a unto_o man_n alone_o whereupon_o the_o greek_n call_v it_o face_n 3._o man_n only_o have_v a_o face_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o a_o name_n derive_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o because_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o see_v and_o be_v see_v a_o far_o off_o to_o other_o creature_n nature_n have_v give_v only_o a_o mouth_n or_o a_o beak_n but_o in_o the_o face_n of_o man_n courage_n shamefastness_n and_o majesty_n have_v their_o abode_n and_o therefore_o man_n alone_o be_v bashful_a &_o shamefast_a at_o the_o behold_n of_o this_o face_n all_o creature_n be_v affright_v because_o in_o it_o there_o shine_v forth_o more_o beam_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n then_o in_o all_o the_o body_n beside_o furthermore_o this_o one_o thing_n be_v admirable_a therein_o that_o whereas_o in_o our_o face_n and_o countenance_n there_o be_v ten_o particle_n or_o not_o many_o more_o yet_o you_o shall_v not_o find_v any_o two_o among_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n that_o have_v their_o countenance_n in_o all_o part_n alike_o but_o there_o be_v some_o diversity_n both_o in_o the_o line_n and_o in_o the_o proportion_n colour_n 4._o eye_n of_o diverse_a colour_n man_n alone_o have_v his_o eye_n enamel_v with_o diverse_a colour_n &_o that_o in_o great_a variety_n whereas_o other_o creature_n the_o horse_n except_v be_v in_o their_o kind_n always_o alike_o so_o shall_v you_o find_v ox_n to_o have_v all_o black_a eye_n sheep_n watery_a other_o creature_n red_a the_o eye_n of_o man_n be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o but_o a_o very_a little_a space_n in_o respect_n of_o eye_n 5._o the_o distance_n of_o the_o eye_n our_o proportion_n of_o magnitude_n with_o other_o creature_n that_o so_o the_o spirit_n may_v be_v the_o more_o nimble_a and_o more_o speedy_o transmit_v from_o one_o eye_n to_o another_o man_n alone_a of_o all_o creature_n say_v pliny_n have_v his_o eye_n vitiate_v and_o corrupt_a yea_o and_o 37._o 6._o the_o depravation_n of_o the_o eye_n plin._n lib._n 11._o ca._n 37._o sometime_o one_o or_o both_o want_v whereupon_o come_v the_o name_n or_o nickname_n of_o strabo_n one_o that_o be_v squint-eyed_a or_o goggle-eyed_a and_o paetus_n for_o one_o that_o have_v roll_v eye_n or_o squint_v upward_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v in_o fourfooted_a beast_n only_o on_o the_o upper_a lid_n in_o bird_n on_o eye_n 7._o hair_n on_o both_o side_n the_o eye_n the_o nether_a man_n only_o the_o ostrich_n except_v have_v hair_n on_o both_o side_n both_o on_o the_o upper_a and_o nether_a lid_n out_o 8._o a_o nose_n stand_v out_o the_o nose_n of_o a_o man_n be_v high_a and_o stand_v further_a out_o then_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o face_n for_o decency_n and_o comeliness_n in_o other_o creature_n it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o be_v flat_v with_o the_o scull_n only_o in_o man_n the_o ear_n be_v fix_v and_o immooveable_a and_o place_v on_o either_o side_n in_o a_o bone_n 9_o ear_n imoveable_a camnell_n bone_n right_a line_n with_o the_o eye_n only_o in_o man_n except_o it_o be_v ape_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o man_n body_n be_v those_o bone_n we_o call_v claviculae_fw-la or_o cannell_n bone_n which_o serve_v to_o establish_v the_o arm_n that_o in_o the_o diverse_a and_o sudden_a motion_n thereof_o it_o may_v not_o be_v dislocate_v there_o be_v no_o creature_n but_o man_n have_v dug_n in_o the_o forepart_n of_o his_o body_n the_o elephant_n dug_n 10._o dug_n have_v indeed_o two_o dug_n or_o pap_n but_o not_o in_o their_o breast_n those_o part_n which_o in_o man_n be_v foremost_a that_o be_v on_o the_o forepart_n as_o the_o breast_n the_o belly_n part_n 11_o the_o diversity_n of_o situation_n of_o the_o part_n the_o wezon_n etc._n etc._n fourfooted_a beast_n have_v they_o below_o next_o unto_o the_o ground_n and_o those_o that_o man_n have_v on_o the_o hinder_a part_n as_o the_o back_n the_o loin_n and_o the_o buttock_n beast_n have_v they_o in_o their_o upper_a part_n man_n of_o all_o creature_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o few_o hair_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o his_o head_n which_o hair_n 12_o fewes_n hair_n as_o it_o be_v the_o moyst_a part_n of_o his_o body_n so_o also_o it_o be_v the_o most_o replenish_a with_o hair_n again_o in_o creature_n that_o be_v cover_v with_o hair_n those_o part_n be_v most_o hairy_a that_o bend_v downward_o towards_o the_o ground_n the_o rest_n be_v either_o smooth_a without_o hair_n or_o not_o so_o full_a of_o hair_n 13_o a_o
with_o his_o eye_n or_o comprehend_v with_o his_o mind_n that_o eternal_a father_n i_o say_v can_v be_v know_v but_o by_o his_o effect_n and_o all_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n that_o can_v be_v have_v must_v be_v derive_v not_o a_o priori_fw-la but_o à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la not_o from_o any_o cause_n or_o matter_n precede_v but_o from_o the_o effect_n and_o thing_n subsequent_a so_o we_o read_v in_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n that_o moses_n can_v not_o endure_v the_o bright_a shine_a face_n of_o god_n his_o eye_n be_v so_o dazzle_v therewith_o the_o invisible_a thing_n of_o god_n say_v the_o apostle_n rom._n moses_n paul_n ad_fw-la rom._n be_v know_v by_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v visible_a who_o be_v it_o therefore_o that_o will_v not_o honour_n reverence_n and_o admire_v the_o author_n and_o workman_n of_o so_o great_a a_o work_n if_o he_o do_v attentive_o advise_v with_o himself_o how_o wonderful_a the_o fabric_n and_o structure_n of_o man_n body_n be_v i_o will_v praise_v thou_o o_o lord_n say_v that_o kingly_a prophet_n because_o i_o be_o wonderful_o make_v phidias_n his_o minerva_n apelles_n his_o venus_n polycletus_n his_o rule_n be_v admire_v by_o antiquity_n and_o therefore_o great_a and_o high_a honour_n have_v be_v decree_v unto_o they_o ctesicles_n be_v commend_v for_o make_v a_o marble_n image_n with_o such_o excellent_a art_n and_o cunning_a that_o the_o samian_a young_a man_n in_o desire_n to_o obtain_v the_o same_o be_v content_v to_o lodge_v night_n by_o night_n in_o the_o temple_n and_o will_v not_o thou_o admire_v the_o arch-type_n and_o pattern_n of_o all_o these_o i_o mean_v the_o body_n of_o man_n they_o do_v imitate_v in_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n that_o which_o be_v of_o least_o respect_n and_o regard_n namely_o the_o outward_a face_n and_o feature_n for_o their_o work_n be_v but_o dumb_a without_o motion_n or_o life_n but_o by_o the_o view_n of_o anatomicall_a dissection_n we_o see_v and_o be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v the_o variable_a and_o diverse_a motion_n of_o man_n body_n and_o those_o also_o very_o strange_a and_o sometime_o uncouth_a some_o of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n have_v dignify_v the_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n with_o the_o name_n &_o heraclitus_n the_o frame_n of_o man_n be_v god_n book_n heraclitus_n title_n of_o the_o book_n of_o god_n for_o indeed_o in_o all_o man_n there_o appear_v certain_a spark_n of_o a_o natural_a divinity_n or_o divine_a nature_n as_o heraclitus_n witness_v who_o sit_v in_o a_o baker_n shop_n and_o perceive_v some_o of_o his_o auditor_n which_o desire_v to_o speak_v with_o he_o will_v not_o come_v unto_o he_o into_o so_o homely_a a_o place_n come_v in_o say_v he_o for_o even_o here_o there_o be_v god_n also_o jovis_fw-la omne_fw-la plena_fw-la all_o thing_n say_v the_o poet_n be_v full_a of_o jupiter_n for_o even_o in_o the_o small_a and_o most_o contemptible_a creature_n there_o be_v matter_n enough_o of_o admiration_n but_o yet_o in_o the_o frame_n of_o man_n god_n admirable_a power_n shine_v in_o the_o frame_n of_o man_n man_n body_n there_o be_v i_o know_v not_o what_o something_o more_o divine_a as_o wherein_o appear_v not_o only_o the_o admirable_a power_n of_o god_n but_o his_o wisdom_n even_o past_o all_o belief_n and_o his_o infinite_a and_o particular_a goodness_n and_o bounty_n to_o man._n for_o his_o power_n it_o be_v not_o only_o visible_a but_o palpable_a also_o in_o that_o of_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o seed_n the_o part_n whereof_o seem_v to_o be_v all_o homogenie_n or_o of_o one_o kind_n and_o of_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o blood_n he_o have_v frame_v so_o many_o and_o so_o diverse_a particle_n above_o two_o hundred_o bone_n cartilage_n yet_o more_o many_o more_o ligament_n a_o number_n of_o membrane_n numberless_a the_o pipe_n or_o trunk_n of_o the_o artery_n million_o of_o vein_n sinew_n more_o than_o thirty_o pair_n muscle_n almost_o four_o hundred_o and_o to_o conclude_v all_o the_o bowel_n and_o inward_a part_n his_o incredible_a wisdom_n appear_v in_o the_o admirable_a contabulation_n or_o composition_n of_o the_o whole_a part_n the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n in_o the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o part_n make_v of_o so_o many_o part_n so_o unlike_o one_o to_o another_o enter_z thou_o whosoever_o thou_o be_v though_o thou_o be_v a_o atheist_n and_o acknowledge_v no_o god_n at_o all_o enter_v i_o beseech_v thou_o into_o the_o sacred_a tower_n of_o pallas_n i_o mean_v the_o brain_n of_o man_n and_o behold_v and_o admire_v the_o pillar_n and_o arch_a cloister_n of_o that_o princely_a palace_n the_o huge_a greatness_n of_o that_o stately_a building_n the_o frame_n the_o elegant_a workmanship_n of_o the_o whole_a frame_n pedestal_n or_o base_n the_o porch_n &_o goodly_a frontispiece_n the_o 4._o arch_a chamber_n the_o bright_a and_o clear_a mirror_n the_o labyrinthaean_a maze_n and_o web_n of_o the_o small_a artery_n the_o admirable_a training_n of_o the_o vein_n the_o drain_n furrow_n and_o watercourse_n the_o live_a ebullition_n and_o springing_n up_o of_o the_o sinew_n and_o the_o wonderful_a foecundity_n of_o that_o white_a marrow_n of_o the_o back_n which_o the_o wiseman_n in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o preacher_n or_o ecclesiastes_n call_v the_o silver_n cord_n from_o the_o brain_n turn_v the_o eye_n of_o thy_o mind_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o window_n of_o the_o soul_n i_o mean_v the_o eye_n and_o there_o behold_v the_o brightness_n of_o the_o glitter_a crystal_n the_o purity_n and_o neat_a cleanness_n of_o the_o watery_a and_o glassy_a humour_n the_o delicate_a and_o fine_a texture_n of_o the_o tunicle_n and_o the_o wonderful_a and_o admirable_a volubility_n of_o the_o muscle_n in_o turn_v and_o roll_a of_o the_o eye_n mark_v and_o observe_v also_o the_o art_n and_o curious_a workmanship_n appear_v in_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o ear_n how_o exquisite_o it_o be_v make_v and_o trim_v with_o labyrinth_n wind_n little_a window_n a_o sound_a timpane_n or_o timbrill_n three_o small_a bone_n a_o stirrup_n a_o anvil_n and_o a_o hammer_n the_o small_a muscle_n the_o nerve_n or_o sinnew_n of_o hear_v and_o the_o carteleginious_a or_o gristle_n passage_n prepare_v for_o convey_v all_o sound_n unto_o the_o sense_n look_v upon_o the_o unweariable_a and_o agile_a motion_n the_o conquer_a power_n the_o frame_n and_o composition_n the_o muscle_n the_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o flesh_n the_o membrane_n the_o vein_n and_o sinew_n and_o the_o bridle_n as_o it_o be_v all_o easy_o distinguish_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o that_o little_a body_n or_o rather_o little_a member_n of_o the_o body_n the_o tongue_n wherewith_o we_o bless_v god_n and_o wherewith_o we_o curse_v man_n consider_v and_o observe_v the_o heart_n his_o two_o ventricle_n ear_n as_o many_o four_o notable_a vessel_n which_o as_o hypocrates_n say_v be_v as_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o fountain_n heart_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o well-springe_n of_o the_o humane_a nature_n and_o the_o river_n and_o source_n whereby_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v water_v and_o refresh_v beside_o eleven_o gate_n or_o entrance_n the_o admirable_a and_o intricate_a texture_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o liver_n the_o separation_n and_o division_n of_o the_o current_n of_o the_o artery_n and_o the_o vein_n and_o in_o a_o word_n consider_v the_o admirable_a structure_n of_o all_o the_o part_n animal_n vital_a and_o natural_a will_v thou_o not_o cry_v out_o though_o it_o be_v against_o thy_o will_n o_o admirable_a architect_n o_o unimitable_a workman_n and_o will_v thou_o not_o with_o the_o inspire_a prophet_n sing_v unto_o the_o creator_n this_o hymn_n i_o praise_v thou_o o_o lord_n because_o thou_o have_v show_v the_o greatness_n of_o thy_o wisdom_n in_o fashion_v of_o my_o body_n last_o the_o infinite_a goodness_n and_o bounty_n of_o god_n shine_v in_o this_o excellent_a workmanship_n inasmuch_o as_o he_o have_v so_o well_o provide_v for_o all_o the_o part_n that_o every_o one_o have_v she_o proper_a body_n god_n infinite_a goodness_n in_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o body_n and_o peculiar_a use_n and_o yet_o all_o be_v so_o fit_v and_o knit_v together_o in_o such_o a_o harmony_n and_o agreement_n that_o every_o one_o be_v ready_a to_o help_v another_o and_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v ill_o affect_v the_o rest_n be_v immediate_o draw_v to_o a_o sympathy_n and_o participation_n with_o it_o which_o society_n and_o fellowship_n of_o the_o part_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr alimento_n have_v thus_o brief_o but_o excellent_o express_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o agreement_n one_o confluence_n all_o consent_n to_o conclude_v then_o these_o wonderful_a and_o ever-worthy_a to_o be_v admire_a work_n of_o god_n in_o the_o composition_n and_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n be_v as_o it_o be_v dumb_a schoolmaster_n
also_o their_o tribute_n unto_o this_o treasury_n volcherus_fw-la coeiter_n and_o pelix_fw-la platerus_n have_v beautify_v it_o with_o their_o table_n volcherus_n be_v more_o easy_a and_o facile_a platerus_n be_v accurate_a but_o not_o fit_a lettuce_n for_o every_o man_n lip_n he_o must_v pick_v nice_o that_o will_v gather_v a_o salad_n out_o of_o he_o he_o be_v so_o intricate_a and_o full_a of_o his_o dicotomy_n many_o frenchman_n have_v write_v well_o in_o their_o own_o language_n jacobus_n guillimaeus_n the_o king_n chirurgeon_n have_v adorn_v the_o whole_a art_n with_o table_n and_o figure_n by_o which_o he_o have_v make_v a_o easy_a entrance_n pinaeus_n paraeus_n columbus_n pinaeus_n for_o all_o man_n to_o understand_v the_o grave_a author_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o that_o industrious_a paraeus_n and_o cabrolius_n the_o king_n anatomist_n in_o mompelier_n severinus_fw-la pineus_fw-la have_v take_v great_a pain_n he_o write_v a_o book_n of_o the_o note_n of_o virginity_n wherein_o he_o have_v very_o curious_o describe_v the_o part_n belong_v to_o generation_n andrea_n laurentius_n have_v take_v worthy_a pain_n and_o sweat_n much_o in_o this_o sand_n to_o his_o great_a commendation_n laurentius_n his_o commendation_n honour_n and_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a school_n of_o anatomist_n for_o beside_o his_o description_n he_o have_v handle_v learned_o the_o controversy_n of_o every_o part_n with_o great_a evidence_n of_o argument_n wherein_o i_o believe_v he_o have_v satisfy_v himself_o and_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o these_o his_o controversy_n we_o have_v take_v into_o our_o work_n yet_o not_o always_o tie_v ourselves_o to_o swear_v what_o he_o say_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n we_o find_v he_o in_o the_o right_n his_o description_n we_o take_v under_o correction_n not_o to_o be_v so_o perfect_a and_o his_o figure_n most_o imperfect_a in_o those_o two_o bauhine_n diligence_n bauhine_v diligence_n have_v far_o exceed_v he_o and_o all_o man_n else_o to_o who_o therefore_o we_o stick_v the_o close_o although_o we_o can_v have_v wish_v that_o bauhine_n have_v have_v the_o care_n of_o his_o own_o work_n himself_o &_o have_v not_o betrust_v other_o with_o his_o credit_n who_o have_v in_o no_o few_o thing_n fail_v his_o expectation_n and_o we_o pavius_n of_o leiden_fw-mi be_v a_o great_a anatomist_n but_o write_v for_o his_o inscription_n posse_n &_o nolle_fw-la pavius_n pavius_n nobile_fw-la sure_o he_o can_v do_v much_o and_o i_o will_v to_o god_n he_o can_v be_v overcome_v to_o communicate_v himself_o some_o thing_n we_o have_v gather_v from_o his_o own_o mouth_n whereof_o it_o shall_v never_o repent_v us._n final_o within_o these_o three_o or_o four_o year_n julius_n casserius_n the_o anatomist_n casserius_n julius_n casserius_n of_o padua_n in_o italy_n set_v forth_o a_o elegant_a book_n of_o the_o five_o sense_n wherein_o he_o have_v labour_v sufficient_o if_o not_o too_o much_o for_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sobriety_n to_o be_v use_v also_o in_o humane_a study_n beyond_o which_o to_o be_v wise_a be_v not_o far_o from_o folly_n casserius_n have_v do_v many_o thing_n excellent_o well_o and_o of_o good_a use_n but_o his_o extraordinary_a diligence_n about_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o so_o many_o creature_n i_o see_v no_o cause_n to_o imitate_v for_o sure_o i_o be_o by_o that_o little_a experience_n i_o have_v that_o many_o of_o these_o nice_a and_o fine_a point_n though_o they_o make_v a_o fair_a show_n and_o tickle_v the_o ear_n of_o a_o man_n when_o he_o read_v they_o and_o delight_v his_o eye_n when_o he_o see_v the_o resemblance_n of_o they_o print_v before_o he_o yet_o when_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o search_v for_o they_o in_o the_o body_n of_o man_n they_o will_v not_o be_v so_o obvious_a if_o they_o be_v at_o all_o or_o if_o they_o be_v find_v yet_o serve_v rather_o for_o a_o speculative_a pleasure_n &_o admiration_n then_o be_v of_o any_o use_n in_o the_o art_n of_o physic_n or_o chirurgery_n among_o ourselves_o gemini_fw-la be_v the_o first_o in_o his_o description_n too_o brief_a in_o his_o table_n too_o confuse_v rather_o content_v himself_o with_o vesalius_n then_o give_v contentment_n unto_o other_o yet_o for_o those_o time_n he_o be_v worthy_o to_o be_v commend_v that_o good_a and_o ingenuous_a old_a man_n banister_n be_v a_o true_a patriot_n he_o love_v his_o country_n &_o learning_n and_o spend_v himself_o in_o do_v good_a and_o his_o memory_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v register_v even_o for_o his_o anatomy_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o labour_n at_o this_o day_n we_o have_v also_o some_o worthy_a to_o be_v name_v who_o if_o they_o list_v can_v turn_v the_o gaze_n of_o the_o world_n westward_o and_o time_n i_o hope_v will_v bring_v their_o monument_n to_o light_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o have_v adventure_v to_o hold_v up_o this_o taper_n at_o which_o if_o they_o please_v they_o may_v light_v their_o torch_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o anatomy_n and_o what_o instrument_n be_v thereto_o necessary_a chap._n xv._o tomh_o be_v a_o greek_a word_n and_o signify_v section_n or_o cut_n hence_o come_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o diligent_a and_o curious_a section_n undertake_v to_o get_v knowledge_n or_o skill_n anatomy_n the_o notation_n of_o anatomy_n by_o for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v to_o cut_v with_o great_a diligence_n now_o there_o be_v amongst_o physician_n a_o double_a acceptation_n of_o anatomy_n either_o it_o signify_v the_o action_n which_o be_v do_v with_o the_o hand_n or_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a action_n of_o the_o intellect_n the_o first_o be_v call_v practical_a anatomy_n the_o latter_a theorical_a or_o contemplative_a the_o first_o be_v gain_v by_o experience_n the_o second_o by_o reason_n and_o discourse_n the_o first_o we_o attain_v only_o by_o section_n and_o inspection_n the_o second_o by_o the_o live_a voice_n of_o a_o teacher_n or_o by_o their_o learned_a writing_n the_o first_o we_o call_v historical_a anatomy_n the_o second_o scientifical_a the_o first_o be_v altogether_o necessary_a for_o the_o practice_n of_o anatomy_n the_o second_o be_v only_o scientifical_a anatomy_n two_o fold_n historical_a scientifical_a profitable_a but_o yet_o this_o profit_n be_v oftentimes_o more_o beneficial_a than_o the_o use_n itself_o of_o anatomy_n the_o first_o look_v into_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o part_n the_o second_o into_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o structure_n and_o the_o action_n and_o use_n therefrom_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o first_o signification_n we_o may_v define_v anatomy_n thus_o a_o artificial_a section_n of_o the_o outward_a and_o inward_a part_n i_o call_v it_o artificial_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o which_o be_v rash_a and_o at_o adventure_n which_o galen_n galen_n a_o definition_n of_o anatomy_n galen_n call_v vulnerary_a dissection_n for_o oftentimes_o in_o great_a wound_n we_o observe_v the_o figure_n situation_n magnitude_n and_o structure_n of_o the_o outward_a and_o inward_a part_n but_o that_o observation_n be_v but_o confuse_a for_o we_o can_v distinct_o perceive_v the_o branching_n of_o the_o nerve_n the_o serpentine_a and_o writhen_a meander_n of_o the_o vein_n nor_o the_o infinite_a divarication_n of_o the_o artery_n now_o that_o a_o dissection_n may_v be_v make_v artificial_o it_o be_v first_o requisite_a that_o the_o part_n be_v so_o separate_v dissection_n what_o thing_n be_v require_v in_o artificial_a dissection_n one_o from_o another_o that_o they_o may_v all_o be_v preserve_v whole_a not_o rend_v and_o tear_v asunder_o next_o that_o those_o which_o grow_v not_o together_o be_v gentle_o divide_v three_o that_o those_o which_o do_v grow_v together_o be_v careful_o separate_v four_o that_o we_o mistake_v not_o many_o part_n join_v together_o for_o one_o nor_o yet_o make_v many_o part_n of_o one_o now_o this_o section_n can_v artificial_o be_v accomplish_v unless_o the_o minister_n have_v convenient_a instrument_n as_o be_v these_o razor_n of_o all_o sort_n great_a small_a mean_a sharp_a anatomy_n the_o instrument_n of_o the_o anatomy_n blunt_a straight_o crooked_a and_o edge_v on_o both_o side_n sheares_n or_o scissors_n round_a and_o large_a long_a probes_fw-la of_o brass_n silver_n lead_v a_o knife_n of_o box_n or_o of_o ivory_n pincer_n of_o all_o sort_n hook_n have_v bend_v rather_o then_o straight_o reed_n quill_n glasse-trunke_n or_o hollow_a bugle_n to_o blow_v up_o the_o part_n thread_n and_o string_n saw_n bodkin_n auger_n mallet_n wimble_n or_o trepan_n basin_n and_o sponge_n the_o figure_n of_o all_o which_o we_o have_v heereunder_o delineate_v together_o with_o a_o table_n whereon_o to_o lay_v the_o dead_a or_o bind_v the_o live_a anatomy_n with_o the_o ring_n chain_n cord_n &_o perforation_n fit_a for_o that_o purpose_n if_o anatomy_n be_v take_v in_o the_o latter_a signification_n it_o be_v define_v a_o science_n or_o art_n
motion_n and_o these_o be_v the_o argument_n whereby_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n be_v expulse_v out_o of_o the_o school_n of_o the_o physician_n avicen_n fen_n prima_fw-la primi_fw-la doctrina_fw-la quinta_fw-la cap._n primo_fw-la interprete_v aristotle_n opinion_n play_v aristotle_n how_o avicen_n interprete_v aristotle_n the_o stickler_n in_o this_o manner_n all_o the_o faculty_n say_v he_o do_v reside_v in_o the_o heart_n as_o in_o their_o first_o root_n but_o yet_o they_o shine_v in_o the_o other_o member_n that_o be_v the_o heart_n be_v the_o original_n of_o diverse_a faculty_n but_o use_v the_o brain_n as_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n so_o that_o radical_o that_o be_v his_o word_n the_o animal_n faculty_n be_v in_o the_o heart_n but_o by_o manifestation_n in_o the_o brain_n some_o again_o intercede_v for_o the_o peripatetic_n and_o say_v that_o the_o principal_a faculty_n motive_n distinction_n the_o opinion_n of_o some_o late_a writer_n and_o their_o diverse_a distinction_n and_o sensative_a be_v in_o the_o heart_n as_o in_o their_o original_n and_o fountain_n that_o the_o root_n of_o the_o nerve_n be_v in_o the_o heart_n but_o because_o it_o be_v too_o narrow_a to_o yield_v out_o of_o itself_o all_o their_o propagation_n they_o think_v the_o brain_n be_v frame_v as_o a_o second_o principle_n wherein_o the_o animal_n function_n may_v not_o obscure_o as_o in_o the_o heart_n but_o evident_o manifest_v and_o exhibit_v themselves_o and_o this_o power_n or_o faculty_n when_o the_o brain_n have_v once_o receive_v it_o from_o the_o heart_n stand_v in_o no_o need_n of_o continual_a and_o immediate_a assistance_n therefrom_o but_o only_o of_o a_o supply_n after_o some_o time_n even_o as_o the_o commander_n of_o a_o army_n who_o have_v receive_v his_o authority_n and_o his_o company_n from_o the_o prince_n stand_v in_o no_o far_a need_n of_o the_o prince_n protection_n unless_o comparison_n comparison_n it_o be_v now_o and_o then_o upon_o especial_a service_n they_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o liver_n be_v true_o call_v principal_a part_n but_o this_o principality_n be_v but_o delegatory_n from_o the_o heart_n no_o otherways_o then_o the_o lieutenant_n of_o prince_n by_o they_o choose_v for_o such_o and_o such_o employment_n do_v receive_v from_o they_o a_o order_n and_o power_n of_o dispensation_n and_o disposition_n whereby_o they_o be_v authorize_v and_o so_o take_v as_o if_o they_o be_v immediate_a commander_n themselves_o some_o other_o use_v another_o distinction_n and_o say_v that_o material_o the_o nerve_n proceed_v from_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o vein_n from_o the_o liver_n but_o the_o first_o and_o the_o formal_a principle_n they_o say_v be_v in_o the_o heart_n that_o prince_n of_o human_a learning_n at_o least_o he_o that_o affect_v that_o sovereignty_n julius_n caesar_n scaliger_n in_o the_o two_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o nine_o exercise_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr subtilitate_fw-la opinion_n scaliger_n opinion_n make_v many_o principle_n in_o the_o heart_n the_o first_o or_o primarie_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o live_n the_o secondary_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o move_a principle_n these_o do_v never_o cease_v neither_o be_v they_o hinder_v or_o intercept_v in_o our_o sleep_n or_o repose_v yet_o be_v they_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tametsi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v they_o be_v not_o the_o first_o sensator_n though_o they_o be_v of_o or_o from_o the_o first_o sensator_fw-la thus_o learned_a man_n labour_v to_o reconcile_v the_o peripatetic_n &_o the_o physician_n but_o they_o seem_v not_o to_o hold_v themselves_o close_o to_o aristotle_n meaning_n for_o he_o do_v not_o think_v that_o in_o any_o sense_n well_o the_o late_a writer_n do_v not_o understand_v aristotle_n well_o the_o brain_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o author_n or_o original_n of_o sensation_n neither_o that_o the_o nerve_n do_v arise_v from_o it_o no_o where_o do_v he_o attribute_v any_o delegatory_a power_n of_o sensation_n unto_o it_o but_o think_v it_o be_v only_o make_v to_o refrigerate_v or_o cool_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o heart_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o all_o he_o can_v produce_v it_o be_v the_o first_o principle_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n neither_o receive_v any_o power_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o either_o of_o they_o from_o the_o heart_n and_o whereas_o the_o arabian_n say_v that_o the_o animal_n faculty_n be_v radical_a in_o the_o heart_n and_o but_o by_o manifestation_n in_o the_o brain_n we_o can_v no_o way_n admit_v of_o that_o distinction_n for_o if_o that_o faculty_n consute_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o arabian_n consute_v be_v in_o the_o heart_n as_o in_o the_o root_n then_o when_o the_o brain_n be_v obstruct_v the_o body_n shall_v not_o become_v senseless_a and_o without_o motion_n because_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o remainder_n both_o of_o sense_n and_o motion_n in_o the_o root_n that_o be_v in_o the_o heart_n but_o though_o the_o heart_n be_v obstruct_v or_o the_o passage_n intercept_v between_o it_o and_o the_o brain_n yet_o there_o follow_v not_o any_o sudden_a privation_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n instance_n hereof_o we_o have_v in_o sacrifice_n where_o the_o beast_n sometime_o heart_n sacrifice_n run_v from_o the_o altar_n without_o their_o heart_n have_v be_v hear_v to_o cry_v and_o sometime_o also_o see_v to_o run_v a_o little_a way_n after_o his_o heart_n have_v be_v cut_v out_o and_o we_o have_v see_v the_o same_o try_v in_o a_o dog_n which_o run_v cry_v a_o while_n after_o his_o heart_n be_v cut_v out_o the_o vessel_n arise_v from_o it_o upward_o be_v before_o bind_v galen_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la illustrate_v the_o whole_a matter_n by_o a_o elegant_a demonstration_n demonstration_n galens_n elegant_a demonstration_n if_o the_o heart_n say_v he_o do_v give_v unto_o the_o brain_n the_o animal_n faculty_n then_o shall_v that_o power_n be_v derive_v either_o by_o vein_n artery_n or_o sinew_n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o vessel_n which_o go_v between_o they_o and_o be_v common_a to_o they_o both_o by_o vein_n or_o artery_n aristotle_n himself_o do_v not_o think_v it_o be_v convey_v beside_o these_o vessel_n do_v not_o direct_o pass_v unto_o the_o brain_n but_o after_o diverse_a contortion_n and_o aberration_n from_o a_o right_n &_o direct_a progress_n that_o it_o be_v not_o derive_v by_o or_o through_o the_o nerve_n be_v manifest_a because_o if_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v disseminated_a through_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v either_o divide_v and_o cut_v asunder_o or_o intercept_v yet_o the_o creature_n do_v not_o present_o fall_v but_o only_o grow_v mute_a and_o dumb_a it_o be_v therefore_o more_o consonant_a to_o right_a reason_n that_o see_v the_o soul_n be_v but_o one_o and_o a_o disputation_n the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o whole_a disputation_n simple_a substance_n and_o whole_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o whole_o in_o every_o particle_n of_o the_o body_n and_o therefore_o must_v necessary_o have_v the_o help_n of_o organ_n for_o the_o accomplish_n of_o her_o several_a function_n to_o assign_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o faculty_n there_o where_o the_o organ_n of_o those_o faculty_n be_v especial_o to_o be_v discern_v wherefore_o see_v the_o peripatetic_n do_v confess_v that_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a in_o the_o brain_n then_o in_o the_o heart_n why_o will_v they_o not_o yield_v to_o the_o physician_n that_o the_o animal_n faculty_n be_v in_o the_o brain_n the_o vital_a in_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o natural_a in_o the_o liver_n but_o make_v all_o the_o world_n witness_n of_o their_o refractory_a mind_n than_o which_o in_o a_o true_a philosopher_n nothing_o be_v more_o illiberal_a howsoever_o to_o conclude_v we_o subscribe_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o physician_n who_o have_v banish_v this_o unity_n of_o principle_n out_o of_o their_o school_n qvest._n iii_o how_o many_o principal_a part_n there_o be_v by_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v thus_o at_o large_a discourse_v it_o be_v manifest_a to_o all_o man_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o but_o many_o principal_a part_n of_o man_n body_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o show_v you_o now_o how_o many_o there_o be_v the_o number_n we_o can_v better_v aportion_n then_o from_o the_o nature_n and_o definition_n of_o a_o principle_n first_o therefore_o we_o must_v make_v it_o appear_v because_o physician_n herein_o do_v not_o agree_v what_o a_o principal_a part_n be_v galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la define_v this_o principality_n by_o necessity_n that_o be_v a_o galen_n what_o a_o principal_a part_n be_v galen_n principal_a part_n which_o be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o the_o life_n of_o man._n i_o will_v show_v you_o say_v he_o by_o what_o mark_n you_o shall_v know_v a_o principal_a part_n to_o wit_n
yard_n with_o the_o foreskinne_n penis_fw-la cum_fw-la praeputio_fw-la h._n the_o stone_n or_o testicle_n with_o the_o cod_n or_o scrotum_fw-la ii_o the_o shoulder_n humeri_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d kk_n the_o arm_n brach_n a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n the_o bout_n of_o the_o arm_n call_v gibber_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d m._n the_o outside_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o arm_n call_v cubitus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d n._n the_o wrest_v call_v brachiale_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d o._n the_o afterwr_a postbrachiale_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d p._n the_o palm_n call_v palma_n or_o vola_fw-la manus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d φ_n the_o back_n of_o the_o hand_n dorsum_fw-la manus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d qq_fw-la the_o fore_n and_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o thigh_n where_o we_o apply_v cup_v glass_n to_o bring_v down_o woman_n course_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d rr._n the_o knee_n genus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ss_z the_o leg_n tibia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tt_z the_o calf_n of_o the_o leg_n sura_fw-es 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vv._n the_o instep_n tarsus_fw-la xx._n the_o top_n of_o the_o foot_n dorsum_fw-la pedis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yy_a the_o inner_a ankle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d zz_n the_o outward_a ankle_n αα_n the_o toe_n of_o the_o foot_n β_n the_o place_n under_o the_o inward_a ankle_n where_o the_o vein_n call_v saphena_n be_v open_v the_o second_o table_n show_v the_o outward_a back_n part_n of_o a_o man._n a._n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n synciput_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d b._n the_o top_n or_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n vertex_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d c._n the_o hinderpart_n of_o the_o head_n occiput_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o d._n to_o d._n the_o face_n fancy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d e._n the_o eyebrow_n supercilia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d f._n the_o upper_a eyelid_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d *_o g._n the_o tip_n of_o the_o nose_n call_v globulus_n nasi_fw-la h._n the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o neck_n call_v ceruix_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o nuke_n or_o nape_n of_o the_o neck_n there_o be_v a_o hollowness_n at_o the_o top_n of_o this_o ceruix_fw-la where_o we_o apply_v seaton_n i._o the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o shoulder_n top_n call_v axilla_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d kk_n the_o shoulder_n blade_n scapulae_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1_o 2_o 3._o on_o this_o place_n we_o set_v cup_v glass_n 4_o 5_o 6_o 7._o the_o back_n dorsum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 8_o 9_o the_o ridge_n spina_fw-la dorsi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n the_o armehole_n ala_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d *_o the_o elbow_n g_o bber_v brachij_fw-la mmmm_o the_o side_n latera_fw-la nn._n the_o loin_n lumbi_fw-la or_o the_o region_n of_o the_o kidney_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d oh_o the_o place_n of_o the_o hip_n coxendices_fw-la where_o we_o apply_v remedy_n for_o the_o sciatica_n p._n the_o place_n of_o the_o holybone_n or_o os_fw-la sacrum_fw-la where_o we_o apply_v remedy_n in_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o right_a gut_n q_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rump_n or_o coccyx_fw-la rr_z the_o buttock_n nates_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ss_z the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o thigh_n femen_fw-la tt_z the_o ham_n pople_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vv._n the_o calf_n of_o the_o leg._n sura_fw-la xx._n the_o foot_n or_o paruus_fw-la pes_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yy_a the_o utter_a ankle_n malleolus_n externus_fw-la zz_n the_o heel_n calx_fw-la or_o calcaneus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aa_o the_o sole_a of_o the_o foot_n plantapedis_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d b_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o arm_n call_v vlna_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d c_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o same_o cubitus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dd_v the_o wrest_v carpus_n ee_fw-mi the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o hand_n dorsum_fw-la manus_fw-la g._n the_o forefinger_n index_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d h_o the_o thumb_n pollex_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o the_o middle_a finger_n medius_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d k._n the_o ring-finger_n annularis_fw-la medice_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l_o the_o little_a finger_n auricularis_fw-la minimus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d breast_n bone_n behind_o with_o the_o back_n round_o about_o on_o the_o outside_n with_o many_o muscle_n on_o the_o inside_n with_o a_o membrane_n which_o compass_v the_o rib_n the_o three_o region_n be_v call_v the_o low_a belly_n circumscribe_v above_o by_o the_o breast_n blade_n and_o the_o midriff_n below_o by_o the_o hip-bone_n belly_n the_o three_o region_n which_o be_v the_o belly_n the_o haunch_n bone_n and_o the_o share_n bone_n behind_o by_o five_o rack_n bone_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o the_o holy_a or_o great_a bone_n and_o before_o by_o the_o whole_a abdomen_fw-la or_o paunch_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n we_o call_v the_o loynt_n in_o latin_a artus_fw-la and_o those_o be_v the_o arm_n and_o the_o leg_n which_o like_a joint_n the_o joint_n bough_n or_o branch_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n in_o the_o upper_a region_n be_v contain_v region_n what_o be_v contain_v in_o each_o region_n the_o animal_n organ_n that_o be_v the_o brain_n which_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o the_o original_n or_o fountain_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v contain_v the_o vital_a part_n and_o part_n serve_v for_o respiration_n as_o the_o heart_n the_o lung_n and_o the_o artery_n in_o the_o low_a region_n be_v contain_v all_o the_o natural_a organ_n serve_v for_o concoction_n of_o nourishment_n expurgation_n of_o excrement_n and_o procreation_n and_o therefore_o the_o upper_a region_n be_v call_v animal_n the_o bony_a why_o the_o upper_a region_n be_v bony_a middle_a spiritual_a and_o the_o low_a natural_a the_o upper_a be_v wall_v about_o on_o every_o side_n with_o bone_n as_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a bulwark_n or_o piece_n for_o defence_n because_o in_o it_o the_o soul_n which_o be_v the_o queen_n of_o this_o little_a world_n keep_v her_o residence_n or_o state_n the_o middle_n be_v partly_o bony_a fleshy_a why_o the_o middle_a be_v partly_o bony_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a bony_n for_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o to_o frame_v the_o cavity_n and_o fleshy_a for_o the_o more_o facile_a motion_n of_o the_o systole_n and_o diastole_n the_o low_a region_n be_v before_o altogether_o fleshy_a that_o it_o may_v better_o be_v contract_v and_o distend_v and_o swell_v into_o a_o great_a fleshy_a why_o the_o low_a be_v altogether_o fleshy_a proportion_n for_o the_o concoction_n of_o the_o aliment_n in_o the_o suppression_n of_o the_o excrement_n &_o for_o the_o contain_v and_o increase_n of_o the_o infant_n in_o which_o position_n who_o can_v but_o admire_v the_o wonderful_a providence_n of_o the_o creator_n the_o animal_n region_n he_o have_v set_v in_o the_o high_a place_n as_o well_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o sense_n for_o the_o voice_n be_v better_a hear_v from_o above_o high_a why_o the_o animal_n region_n be_v high_a the_o smell_n receive_v best_a a_o ascend_a vapour_n and_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v as_o scout_v watch_n and_o spy_n do_v see_v further_a from_o above_o as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o the_o principal_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n shall_v be_v as_o far_o distant_a as_o they_o may_v from_o the_o noisome_a vapour_n which_o do_v exhale_v from_o the_o part_n where_o the_o aliment_n be_v concoct_v and_o the_o excrement_n be_v retain_v the_o spiritual_a region_n which_o be_v the_o wellspring_n of_o heat_n and_o source_n of_o life_n be_v place_v in_o below_o why_o the_o spiritual_a region_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n why_o the_o natural_a be_v place_v below_o the_o midst_n that_o it_o may_v difuse_v his_o sweet_a influence_n as_o well_o into_o the_o low_a as_o into_o the_o upper_a part_n the_o natural_a region_n as_o it_o be_v the_o kitchen_n be_v build_v near_o the_o ground_n that_o the_o excrement_n may_v better_a settle_v from_o the_o more_o noble_a part_n and_o be_v also_o more_o clean_o convey_v away_o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v for_o a_o brief_a division_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o description_n of_o the_o three_o region_n through_o all_o which_o we_o will_v walk_v at_o more_o leisure_n to_o observe_v the_o diverse_a part_n therein_o contain_v but_o our_o perambulation_n shall_v not_o be_v in_o a_o order_n answerable_a to_o the_o dissection_n the_o order_n of_o dissection_n dignity_n of_o the_o part_n but_o rather_o anatomicall_a for_o
v._n the_o first_o contain_v or_o invest_v part_n be_v the_o cuticle_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v epidermis_fw-la because_o it_o run_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o true_a skin_n whereof_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o flower_a or_o creamy_a production_n for_o while_o nature_n in_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o skin_n mingle_v blood_n with_o the_o seed_n a_o moist_a vapour_n of_o the_o generate_v how_o it_o be_v generate_v blood_n foam_v or_o froth_v up_o and_o drive_v forth_o by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o heat_n be_v condense_v or_o thicken_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o turn_v into_o the_o cuticle_n or_o skarf-skin_n for_o so_o i_o think_v we_o may_v proper_o call_v it_o and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o infant_n newborn_a red_a why_o infant_n look_v red_a the_o whole_a skin_n look_v red_a the_o cuticle_n not_o be_v yet_o form_v for_o want_n of_o cold_a air_n or_o at_o least_o not_o sufficient_o condense_v as_o it_o be_v after_o a_o short_a time_n 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the_o reason_n of_o pustles_a in_o the_o body_n it_o receive_v neither_o vein_n nor_o artery_n so_o that_o it_o increase_v rather_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o addition_n of_o matter_n then_o by_o nutrition_n insensible_a it_o be_v that_o it_o may_v defend_v the_o skin_n under_o it_o from_o external_a injury_n as_o also_o 114._o the_o use_n of_o the_o skarfe-skin_n medium_fw-la tactus_fw-la lib._n â—_o de_fw-fr anim._n text._n 114._o attemper_v the_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o the_o same_o and_o so_o become_v medium_n tactus_fw-la the_o mean_a of_o touch_v for_o say_v aristotle_n all_o sensation_n be_v make_v by_o some_o mean_a none_o by_o the_o immediate_a touch_n of_o the_o object_n and_o the_o instrument_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o man_n can_v see_v to_o read_v upon_o a_o book_n that_o be_v lay_v upon_o his_o eye_n because_o there_o want_v the_o mean_a between_o the_o object_n and_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n that_o be_v air_n enlighten_v in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o cuticle_n be_v off_o we_o can_v distinguish_v between_o one_o temper_n and_o another_o because_o the_o very_o gentle_a touch_n of_o the_o bare_a skin_n breed_v pain_n and_o the_o sensation_n be_v confuse_v which_o be_v distinct_a when_o the_o skarfe-skin_n be_v whole_a there_o be_v also_o another_o use_n of_o it_o to_o cover_v the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o capillarie_n or_o hairy_a vein_n which_o do_v determine_v in_o the_o skin_n for_o if_o the_o cuticle_n be_v take_v off_o the_o skin_n under_o do_v bleed_v moreover_o it_o be_v also_o a_o cover_n to_o the_o skin_n that_o the_o moisture_n may_v not_o indecent_o or_o unprofitable_o well_o or_o issue_n out_o at_o all_o time_n for_o in_o a_o gall_n or_o rub_v which_o be_v call_v intertrigo_n in_o which_o the_o cuticle_n be_v separate_v the_o skin_n be_v ever_o moist_a last_o it_o smooth_v and_o polish_v the_o roughness_n and_o inequality_n of_o the_o skin_n make_v it_o soft_a supple_a and_o slick_a and_o so_o become_v one_o of_o the_o great_a beauty_n that_o nature_n have_v give_v to_o the_o body_n of_o man_n that_o i_o can_v but_o wonder_v at_o columbus_n who_o utter_o forget_v the_o manifold_a use_n of_o this_o cuticle_n of_o the_o skin_n chap._n vi_o under_o this_o curtain_n or_o scarf_n lie_v the_o true_a &_o genuine_a skin_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o may_v be_v excoriate_v or_o flay_v off_o so_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o skin_n the_o name_n of_o the_o skin_n book_n the_o art_n but_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr insomnijs_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o de_fw-la victus_fw-la ratione_fw-la in_o acutis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o de_fw-la ossium_fw-la natura_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d quasi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o band_n because_o it_o compass_v and_o knit_v together_o the_o whole_a body_n in_o latin_a it_o be_v call_v cutis_fw-la it_o have_v a_o substance_n proper_a to_o itself_o although_o it_o be_v very_o like_a to_o a_o sinew_n and_o membrane_n because_o it_o be_v white_a will_v stretch_v and_o be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n but_o it_o be_v thick_a than_o any_o membrane_n it_o be_v engender_v substance_n his_o substance_n of_o seed_n perfect_o mix_v with_o blood_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o it_o we_o may_v judge_v as_o well_o of_o the_o spermaticall_a as_o of_o the_o bloody_a part_n it_o seem_v therefore_o to_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a nature_n betwixt_o flesh_n and_o a_o sinew_n and_o so_o vesalius_n conceive_v it_o not_o so_o abound_v galen_n whereof_o it_o be_v make_v vesalius_n galen_n with_o blood_n as_o flesh_n but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o bloody_a sinew_n so_o say_v galen_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr temperam_fw-la notwithstanding_o in_o the_o composition_n the_o spermatical_a part_n exceed_v the_o sanguine_a which_o appear_v as_o by_o the_o colour_n so_o by_o this_o that_o be_v wound_v it_o be_v only_o reunite_v or_o conjoin_v by_o a_o cicatrice_n or_o scar_n columbus_n 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may_v be_v flay_v aristotle_n plato_n aristotle_n from_o the_o flesh_n under_o it_o yea_o and_o between_o the_o skin_n and_o the_o flesh_n there_o be_v two_o part_n if_o at_o least_o they_o may_v be_v so_o call_v the_o fat_a and_o the_o fleshy_a membrane_n the_o skin_n be_v natural_o white_a but_o according_a to_o the_o humour_n that_o abound_v or_o the_o body_n under_o it_o say_v hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr succis_fw-la it_o vari_v the_o colour_n for_o example_n where_o humour_n the_o colour_n follow_v the_o humour_n blood_n abound_v and_o the_o skin_n be_v thin_a as_o in_o the_o face_n there_o a_o rosy_a redness_n mingle_v itself_o with_o the_o white_a or_o overcom_v it_o especial_o if_o either_o by_o heat_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n it_o flow_v to_o the_o place_n more_o
they_o be_v there_o implant_v say_v bauhine_v and_o run_v along_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bladder_n table_n 2._o k_n l_o tab_v 4._o lib._n 3._o a_o a_o they_o pass_v upward_o through_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la unto_o the_o navel_n and_o so_o become_v the_o lateral_a ligament_n of_o the_o bladder_n final_o the_o vrachus_fw-la table_n 6._o b_o tab_v 2._o lib._n 3._o i_o or_o the_o urinarie_a vessel_n in_o beast_n arise_v from_o beast_n the_o urachus_fw-la in_o beast_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bladder_n table_n 6._o h_o tab_v 2._o lib._n 3._o g_o and_o ascend_v betwixt_o the_o two_o artery_n through_o the_o duplication_n of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la and_o issue_v out_o at_o the_o navill-stead_n be_v lengthen_v into_o two_o gut_n as_o it_o be_v and_o make_v that_o coat_n of_o the_o creature_n which_o be_v call_v alantois_n into_o which_o the_o urine_n of_o the_o calf_n be_v pour_v which_o be_v there_o retain_v till_o it_o be_v calue_v but_o in_o man_n there_o 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belly_n qvest._n i._n how_o the_o hair_n be_v nourish_v the_o controversy_n concern_v the_o hair_n how_o they_o be_v nourish_v or_o otherwise_o increase_v although_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o no_o great_a necessity_n yet_o be_v it_o very_o difficult_a and_o full_a of_o philosophical_a subtlety_n that_o they_o do_v increase_v from_o short_a to_o long_o be_v not_o doubt_v so_o also_o it_o be_v past_a question_n that_o nutrition_n go_v before_o accretion_n galen_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr naturalibus_fw-la facultatibus_fw-la and_o in_o the_o second_o de_fw-fr temperamentis_fw-la say_v that_o their_o generation_n be_v like_o the_o generation_n of_o plant_n and_o yet_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr art_n medicinali_n in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n where_o he_o treat_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o member_n he_o say_v they_o have_v only_o a_o generation_n no_o government_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v generate_v of_o recrement_n but_o not_o nourish_v or_o govern_v by_o any_o natural_a faculty_n and_o in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr temperamentis_fw-la he_o thus_o express_v their_o production_n but_o if_o the_o vapour_n be_v sooty_a thick_a and_o earthy_a it_o remain_v impact_v in_o the_o straight_o breathe_v pore_n of_o the_o skin_n neither_o easy_o return_v backward_o nor_o easy_o evacuate_v wherefore_o another_o vapour_n succeed_v from_o within_o striketh_z the_o former_a and_o thrust_v it_o outward_a and_o so_o one_o vapour_n follow_v another_o they_o be_v in_o time_n complicate_v and_o conjoin_v &_o make_v a_o rope_a body_n like_o the_o soot_n in_o a_o chimney_n but_o be_v not_o nourish_v at_o all_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o any_o faculty_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v only_a excrement_n and_o their_o auction_n be_v but_o a_o improper_a accretion_n utter_o devoide_a of_o life_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n or_o if_o they_o be_v it_o be_v not_o because_o they_o do_v participate_v of_o life_n but_o because_o they_o have_v other_o use_n of_o cover_v ornament_n and_o such_o like_a as_o before_o in_o their_o history_n be_v express_v but_o there_o be_v some_o of_o aristotle_n follower_n who_o contend_v that_o they_o have_v a_o life_n but_o that_o of_o nourishment_n only_o not_o of_o sense_n which_o distinction_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v very_o frivolous_a for_o if_o you_o take_v from_o they_o any_o part_n of_o life_n you_o must_v also_o take_v away_o all_o life_n beside_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o the_o hair_n so_o dry_a and_o without_o sense_n be_v a_o manifest_a evidence_n that_o they_o can_v be_v true_o nourish_v for_o if_o they_o assume_v a_o aliment_n into_o themselves_o and_o alter_v it_o for_o their_o behoof_n what_o shall_v hinder_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o increase_v according_a to_o all_o the_o dimension_n length_n breadth_n and_o thickness_n but_o we_o see_v manifest_o that_o they_o only_o increase_v in_o length_n &_o not_o 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mitigation_n it_o gather_v still_o to_o the_o centre_n afterward_o nature_n have_v get_v the_o victory_n she_o drive_v it_o as_o far_o from_o she_o as_o be_v possible_a even_o to_o the_o skin_n as_o we_o see_v it_o fall_v out_o in_o critical_a sweat_n in_o the_o meazel_v small_a pock_n and_o such_o like_a now_o if_o the_o putrid_a excrement_n have_v no_o disposition_n to_o the_o circunference_n in_o live_a body_n when_o the_o secret_a passage_n of_o the_o body_n be_v open_a the_o skin_n porous_a &_o the_o faculty_n every_o where_o at_o work_n how_o shall_v it_o pass_v that_o way_n after_o those_o passage_n and_o pore_n be_v fall_v the_o habit_n forsake_v of_o the_o spirit_n &_o the_o transpirable_a way_n lock_v up_o under_o the_o seal_n of_o death_n it_o seem_v therefore_o more_o reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o hair_n which_o be_v add_v after_o death_n be_v a_o surplusage_n of_o the_o last_o concoction_n celebrate_v in_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n and_o 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physician_n strive_v about_o the_o instrument_n of_o argument_n the_o peripatecian_o argument_n touch_v aristotle_n and_o alexander_n call_v flesh_n sometime_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a through_o which_o we_o feel_v sometime_o the_o organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o feel_v itself_o but_o never_o the_o skin_n first_o because_o the_o skin_n be_v of_o itself_o insensible_a and_o sensible_a only_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o flesh_n for_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n which_o be_v without_o flesh_n say_v they_o be_v insensible_a second_o because_o flesh_n bare_v or_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v more_o painful_a than_o the_o skin_n three_o because_o there_o be_v a_o more_o exquisite_a and_o discern_a sense_n in_o the_o flesh_n then_o in_o the_o skin_n for_o that_o jeweller_n and_o lapidary_n do_v more_o accurate_o discern_v the_o difference_n of_o roughness_n and_o smoothness_n and_o such_o touchable_a quality_n by_o the_o tongue_n then_o by_o the_o hand_n and_o be_v able_a to_o 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〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yellow_a 2._o the_o animal_n why_o jaundy_n eye_n think_v all_o thing_n yellow_a that_o be_v devoyde_a of_o all_o quality_n whereby_o that_o sense_n be_v affect_v so_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n which_o receive_v the_o image_n and_o spectre_n of_o visible_a thing_n be_v devoide_a of_o all_o colour_n the_o yellow_a eye_n of_o those_o that_o be_v full_a of_o the_o jaundice_n imagine_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v yellow_a if_o the_o tongue_n be_v moisten_a with_o choler_n all_o thing_n though_o sweet_a have_v a_o bitter_a tange_fw-la in_o the_o nose_n there_o be_v no_o particular_a and_o peculiar_a send_v no_o sound_n natural_o reside_v in_o the_o ear_n right_o so_o the_o skin_n which_o have_v no_o excess_n of_o quality_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o touch_v if_o we_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o the_o skin_n there_o be_v more_o nerve_n disseminated_a into_o it_o then_o into_o the_o flesh_n but_o the_o nerve_n be_v the_o 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spondelle_n or_o rackebone_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o be_v distribute_v into_o the_o proper_a membrane_n of_o the_o kidney_n moreover_o from_o about_o the_o original_n of_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o mesenterie_n there_o do_v proceed_v a_o few_o tendril_n of_o sinew_n mingle_v together_o part_n of_o which_o go_v unto_o the_o kidney_n and_o the_o glandule_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o the_o other_o part_n together_o with_o the_o emulgent_a artery_n do_v insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o be_v distribute_v through_o their_o substance_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o nephriticall_a patient_n have_v not_o only_o a_o certain_a dull_a sense_n of_o pain_n but_o also_o most_o vehement_a torment_n in_o their_o kidney_n not_o only_o therefore_o because_o their_o hole_n or_o den_n as_o galen_n say_v be_v not_o wide_o but_o narrow_a and_o the_o kidney_n because_o of_o the_o firmness_n of_o their_o substance_n can_v be_v stretch_v as_o the_o bladder_n may_v but_o 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colatorie_a these_o furrowie_a passage_n be_v hollow_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o kidney_n like_v as_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o nipple_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o these_o spongy_a caruncle_n have_v need_v to_o be_v so_o fine_o bore_v lest_o the_o blood_n which_o together_o with_o the_o urine_n and_o choler_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o emulgent_n but_o for_o their_o proper_a nourishment_n shall_v with_o they_o also_o pass_v away_o into_o the_o bladder_n which_o we_o see_v sometime_o to_o happen_v and_o that_o without_o pain_n when_o either_o the_o separate_n or_o retain_v virtue_n of_o the_o kidney_n be_v decay_v or_o those_o small_a passage_n widen_v consider_v that_o this_o separation_n nourish_v the_o separation_n of_o the_o whey_n be_v by_o transfusion_n not_o by_o concoction_n how_o the_o kidney_n be_v nourish_v be_v make_v not_o by_o concoction_n where_o nature_n be_v she_o own_o chooser_n but_o by_o transfusion_n although_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o these_o excrement_n do_v here_o receive_v a_o kind_n of_o elaboration_n though_o not_o a_o concoction_n this_o blood_n thus_o remain_v behind_o be_v as_o it_o be_v suck_v by_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o be_v sprinkle_v upon_o it_o like_o a_o kind_n of_o dew_n from_o whence_o by_o degree_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o vapour_n it_o be_v scatter_v into_o his_o whole_a body_n cleave_v be_v unite_v to_o it_o and_o final_o become_v the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o kidney_n but_o because_o be_v so_o thin_a it_o nourish_v but_o slender_o it_o be_v continual_o and_o in_o great_a quantity_n draw_v in_o together_o with_o much_o urine_n which_o the_o blood_n remain_v behind_o insensible_o drop_v through_o those_o caruncle_n these_o thing_n although_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o some_o other_o yet_o may_v urine_n the_o trial_n of_o the_o truth_n in_o this_o discourse_n of_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o urine_n they_o fit_o be_v demonstrate_v if_o you_o put_v a_o probe_n into_o the_o vessel_n as_o they_o enter_v in_o and_o the_o ureter_n as_o it_o go_v out_o and_o then_o make_v incision_n at_o the_o saddle_n side_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o yet_o much_o better_a &_o more_o elegant_o be_v these_o passage_n show_v if_o you_o separate_v the_o flesh_n of_o the_o kidney_n from_o his_o vessel_n which_o separation_n have_v abundant_o satisfy_v we_o in_o this_o point_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v exhibit_v it_o in_o the_o xxi_o table_n and_o the_o first_o figure_n but_o because_o these_o thing_n do_v not_o so_o appear_v in_o dog_n as_o we_o have_v now_o say_v and_o yet_o young_a student_n for_o want_n of_o man_n body_n be_v often_o fain_o to_o dissect_v the_o kidney_n of_o dog_n we_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o here_o brief_o to_o insert_v the_o description_n of_o dog_n kidney_n also_o the_o structure_n therefore_o of_o a_o dog_n kidney_n delineate_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n of_o this_o 21._o table_n be_v on_o this_o manner_n fig._n 1._o show_v the_o vessel_n of_o the_o kidney_n separate_v from_o the_o flesh_n fig._n 2._o show_v the_o kidney_n dissect_v according_a unto_o vesalius_n the_o first_o be_v the_o kidney_n cut_v according_a to_o the_o length_n through_o the_o gibbous_a part_n so_o as_o the_o slit_n reach_v unto_o the_o second_o sinus_fw-la or_o cavity_n of_o it_o no_o part_n of_o the_o kidney_n take_v away_o the_o second_o exhibit_v the_o kidney_n where_o all_o the_o substance_n or_o partition_n which_o be_v call_v septum_fw-la renis_fw-la be_v slice_v away_o in_o a_o compass_n that_o the_o second_o cavity_n may_v better_o appear_v the_o three_o show_v all_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o first_o cavity_n or_o sinus_fw-la the_o flesh_n of_o the_o kidney_n be_v quite_o take_v away_o fig._n 3._o express_v the_o devise_n of_o some_o man_n concern_v the_o per_fw-la colation_n or_o streyn_v of_o the_o whey_n the_o first_o show_v the_o kidney_n dissect_v from_o the_o gibbous_a part_n towards_o the_o hollow_a part_n together_o with_o the_o cribrum_fw-la or_o sive_fw-la the_o second_o show_v the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o kidney_n tabula_fw-la xxi_o fig_n ay_o fig_n ii_o fig_n iii_o fig._n 2._o fig._n 3._o upon_o this_o membranous_a body_n lie_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o kidney_n in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o hang_v a_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o kidney_n regard_v the_o gibbous_a side_n differ_v in_o colour_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o want_v the_o membranous_a cover_n before_o name_v it_o be_v like_o a_o new_a moon_n and_o hang_v like_o a_o partition_n so_o lean_v upon_o the_o membranous_a body_n that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o same_o kidney_n seem_v to_o be_v double_a but_o in_o the_o kidney_n of_o a_o man_n there_o be_v no_o such_o cavitie_n to_o be_v find_v but_o the_o emulgent_a vessel_n and_o the_o vreter_n be_v divide_v through_o his_o substance_n into_o many_o branch_n and_o the_o cavity_n which_o be_v in_o the_o
exolution_n or_o faint_v away_o of_o the_o appetitive_a faculty_n on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o dogge-appetite_n there_o be_v no_o inanition_n or_o emptiness_n of_o the_o part_n but_o a_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o suction_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o cool_a and_o sour_a humour_n there_o impact_v appetite_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o dog_n appetite_n and_o it_o be_v cure_v theorexi_n that_o be_v by_o drink_v of_o wine_n as_o hypocrates_n witness_v hence_o therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o animal_n appetite_n be_v stir_v up_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n hypocrates_n hypocrates_n apho._n 21_o sect_n 2_o hypocrates_n which_o be_v endue_v with_o so_o exquisite_a sense_n that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o touch_v by_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_v there_o remain_v yet_o one_o scruple_n how_o the_o appetitive_a faculty_n stand_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o sensitive_a shall_v have_v his_o seat_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n see_v it_o be_v of_o all_o hand_n determine_v objection_n objection_n that_o the_o seat_n of_o all_o the_o animal_n faculty_n be_v in_o the_o brain_n the_o answer_n be_v easy_a and_o at_o hand_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o faculty_n itself_o be_v in_o the_o brain_n but_o the_o work_n efficacy_n and_o action_n thereof_o in_o the_o stomach_n so_o the_o faculty_n of_o see_v be_v in_o the_o brain_n but_o the_o sight_n be_v accomplish_v answer_n answer_n in_o the_o eye_n the_o move_a faculty_n be_v likewise_o in_o the_o brain_n yet_o be_v the_o muscle_n the_o immediate_a organ_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n if_o any_o man_n object_n that_o the_o liver_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o appetetive_a faculty_n we_o answer_v that_o object_n object_n the_o appetite_n reside_v in_o it_o be_v concupiscible_a and_o without_o sense_n and_o not_o sensitive_a at_o all_o but_o we_o must_v not_o there_o forget_v that_o though_o this_o appetite_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v with_o sense_n yet_o it_o be_v answer_n answer_n not_o join_v with_o knowledge_n or_o discretion_n caution_n caution_n qvest._n ix_o of_o the_o situation_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o uppermost_a mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n the_o difference_n or_o controversy_n concern_v the_o scite_fw-la of_o this_o orifice_n be_v neither_o light_n nor_o unprofitable_a because_o the_o resolution_n thereof_o stint_v the_o strife_n among_o the_o physician_n concern_v the_o application_n of_o topical_a or_o local_a medicine_n all_o man_n do_v agree_v that_o it_o incline_v rather_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n then_o to_o the_o right_n but_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v near_o the_o spin_v of_o the_o back_n or_o the_o gristle_n and_o blade_n of_o the_o breast_n some_o think_v that_o nature_n frame_v this_o gristle_n to_o be_v a_o defence_n for_o it_o and_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n orifice_n the_o scite_fw-la of_o the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o therefore_o have_v place_v it_o there-und_a for_o say_v they_o those_o that_o vomit_n or_o reach_v for_o it_o do_v find_v a_o pain_n at_o this_o gristle_n and_o none_o at_o the_o spin_v or_o rack_n of_o the_o back_n and_o hypocrates_n conceive_v that_o the_o extuberation_n or_o distension_n of_o the_o stomach_n at_o the_o orifice_n be_v not_o backward_o but_o forward_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o repletion_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v a_o direction_n for_o break_a rib_n we_o with_o galen_n do_v assign_v the_o place_n of_o this_o orifice_n to_o be_v in_o the_o left_a part_n towards_o 3._o hypocrates_n lib._n the_o articulus_a sect_n 3._o the_o spin_v not_o that_o it_o lie_v or_o rest_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o gullet_n do_v but_o because_o it_o come_v near_a to_o the_o spin_v then_o to_o the_o breast-blade_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o when_o the_o gullet_n or_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v affect_v we_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o apply_v local_a medicine_n both_o to_o the_o backpart_n medicine_n where_o to_o apply_v local_a medicine_n and_o to_o the_o forepart_n that_o that_o be_v propound_v concern_v the_o pain_n of_o they_o that_o reach_v to_o vomit_v and_o the_o direction_n for_o the_o rib_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o not_o to_o the_o upper_a mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n for_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o meat_n which_o we_o eat_v be_v not_o contain_v in_o his_o mouth_n or_o orificies_n but_o in_o his_o cavitie_n which_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v do_v rather_o lean_a to_o the_o breast-blade_n then_o to_o the_o spin_v but_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o breast_n bone_n be_v pain_v when_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v affect_v be_v affect_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o pain_n at_o the_o breast_n bone_n when_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v affect_v mere_o anatomicall_a the_o midriff_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o bone_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n adhaer_v to_o the_o large_a passage_n make_v in_o the_o midriff_n for_o his_o conveyance_n thereout_o and_o therefore_o the_o breast-blade_n be_v pain_v by_o this_o continuity_n because_o pain_n be_v rather_o feel_v in_o the_o extremity_n or_o end_n then_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o streatched_a membrane_n concern_v the_o sympathy_n or_o consent_n of_o this_o orifice_n with_o the_o heart_n and_o membrane_n of_o the_o brain_n hypocrates_n and_o galen_n be_v very_o plentiful_a for_o this_o mouth_n be_v affect_v the_o syncope_n or_o brain_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n with_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o brain_n sound_v the_o exolution_n or_o faint_v of_o the_o spirit_n and_o such_o like_a symptom_n do_v overtake_v we_o as_o when_o the_o heart_n itself_o suffer_v violence_n whence_o this_o part_n among_o the_o ancient_n as_o we_o say_v before_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o wound_n of_o the_o head_n the_o skull_n be_v either_o break_a or_o sâ—ivered_v and_o the_o dura_n meninx_n or_o thick_a membrane_n of_o the_o brain_n expose_v or_o lay_v open_a to_o the_o air_n which_o be_v uncouth_a or_o strange_a unto_o it_o the_o patient_n present_o vomit_v yellow_a and_o galen_n why_o vomit_n follow_v the_o wound_n of_o the_o brain_n galen_n aeruginous_a or_o green_a choler_n because_o the_o stomach_n by_o reason_n of_o society_n be_v draw_v into_o consent_n and_o sympathize_v with_o the_o membrane_n as_o well_o because_o of_o the_o similitude_n and_o likeness_n of_o the_o substance_n as_o also_o of_o the_o community_n of_o vessel_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o consent_n or_o sympathy_n as_o galen_n observe_v in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o 3._o book_n of_o hypocrates_n epidemia_n qvest._n x._o whether_o the_o chylus_n be_v make_v by_o the_o heat_n or_o by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o why_o the_o stomach_n do_v not_o breed_v four_o substance_n and_o excrement_n as_o well_o as_o the_o liver_n the_o remove_n of_o these_o two_o obstacle_n and_o dissolution_n of_o the_o doubt_n arise_v in_o they_o shall_v need_v no_o great_a curiosity_n the_o first_o we_o will_v determine_v thus_o the_o chylus_n be_v form_v not_o so_o much_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o heat_n as_o by_o the_o ingenite_fw-la property_n of_o the_o stomach_n true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o concoction_n be_v accomplish_v by_o part_n why_o the_o stomach_n be_v encompass_v with_o warm_a part_n the_o help_n and_o assistance_n of_o heat_n and_o therefore_o nature_n have_v provide_v that_o the_o stomach_n shall_v be_v cherish_v and_o comfort_v on_o every_o side_n above_o and_o below_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o on_o the_o left_a before_o and_o behind_o but_o this_o concoction_n belong_v not_o to_o the_o heat_n as_o it_o be_v heat_n for_o by_o that_o reason_n fiery_a and_o aguish_a heat_n which_o corrupt_v all_o thing_n shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o concoction_n but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o that_o which_o we_o call_v chylification_n or_o make_v of_o the_o chylus_n proceed_v alone_o from_o the_o form_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o stomach_n because_o in_o other_o part_n save_v this_o the_o natural_a heat_n though_o it_o be_v very_o strong_a substance_n a_o double_a reason_n why_o the_o stomach_n breed_v not_o 4._o substance_n and_o intense_a yet_o do_v not_o chylifie_v now_o why_o the_o stomach_n as_o the_o liver_n do_v not_o beget_v or_o breed_v four_o kind_n of_o substance_n there_o may_v be_v a_o double_a reason_n assign_v one_o from_o the_o matter_n another_o from_o the_o efficient_a the_o efficient_a or_o work_a cause_n be_v natural_a heat_n which_o if_o it_o be_v very_o strong_a it_o powerful_o efficient_a the_o first_o from_o the_o efficient_a and_o effectual_o or_o real_o separate_v hetrogenia_n that_o be_v part_n that_o be_v unlike_a or_o of_o different_a nature_n but_o all_o man_n know_v that_o the_o liver_n be_v so_o much_o hot_a than_o
genitura_fw-la de_fw-la morbo_fw-la sacro_fw-la or_o of_o the_o epilepsy_n &_o de_fw-fr aere_fw-la aquis_fw-la &_o locis_fw-la for_o there_o he_o say_v that_o seed_n yssu_v from_o all_o moisture_n which_o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o body_n and_o in_o another_o place_n seed_n fall_v from_o all_o the_o part_n sound_a seed_n from_o sound_a part_n and_o sick_a or_o disease_v from_o disease_a part_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o lame_a man_n beget_v lame_a child_n bald_a man_n bald_a child_n and_o spleniticke_a man_n child_n afflict_v with_o the_o spleen_n this_o opinion_n be_v confirm_v by_o four_o reason_n first_o because_o in_o the_o act_n of_o generation_n or_o reason_n confirm_v by_o four_o reason_n copulation_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v delight_v and_o as_o it_o be_v stupefy_v with_o a_o ecstasy_n of_o pleasure_n or_o if_o you_o will_v suffer_v a_o pleasant_a convulsion_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o coition_n be_v call_v parua_fw-la epilepsia_n a_o light_a fit_a of_o the_o fall_v sickness_n as_o we_o say_v even_o now_o the_o second_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o child_n bear_v the_o character_n of_o the_o father_n imperfection_n bald_a man_n bald_a child_n lame_a man_n lame_a child_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o all_o the_o cense_v of_o hereditary_a disease_n three_o because_o those_o that_o be_v immoderate_a in_o the_o use_n of_o venus_n do_v waste_n and_o consume_v all_o the_o part_n of_o their_o body_n final_o because_o child_n do_v resemble_v their_o parent_n in_o all_o part_n of_o their_o body_n there_o be_v a_o elegant_a history_n of_o a_o boy_n in_o calcedo_n who_o bear_v in_o his_o right_a arm_n from_o his_o history_n a_o elegant_a history_n birth_n certain_a mark_n which_o be_v sear_v before_o in_o his_o father_n right_a arm_n also_o but_o this_o opinion_n be_v gainsay_v and_o disproove_v by_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 17._o and_o 18._o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la &_o that_o with_o weighty_a argument_n which_o we_o listen_v not_o fernelius_n aristotle_n fernelius_n here_o transcribe_v fernelius_n also_o in_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o his_o physiologia_fw-la and_o the_o second_o chapter_n add_v other_o reason_n to_o which_o we_o refer_v the_o studious_a reader_n it_o shall_v suffice_v we_o in_o this_o place_n to_o answer_v the_o former_a argument_n the_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o universal_a pleasure_n and_o tickle_a delight_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n answer_v the_o former_a argument_n answer_v be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o even_o in_o itch_a the_o whole_a body_n be_v tickle_v though_o only_o one_o part_n itch_v moreover_o if_o the_o pleasure_n be_v therefore_o conceive_v because_o the_o seed_n flow_v from_o the_o whole_a body_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v perceive_v in_o all_o the_o body_n at_o once_o but_o by_o degree_n first_o in_o one_o part_n then_o in_o another_o as_o the_o seed_n fall_v from_o this_o or_o that_o part_n for_o we_o can_v imagine_v that_o in_o one_o moment_n of_o time_n the_o seed_n be_v derive_v from_o all_o the_o part_n into_o the_o testicle_n and_o so_o into_o the_o coition_n why_o all_o the_o body_n be_v tickle_v in_o coition_n eiaculatory_a vessel_n we_o therefore_o acknowledge_v another_o cause_n of_o that_o pleasure_n whereby_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v delight_v in_o coition_n to_o wit_n the_o high_a heat_n froathinesse_n and_o abundant_a spirit_n of_o the_o seed_n for_o that_o seed_n so_o qualify_v as_o it_o tickle_v the_o part_n of_o generation_n which_o be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n with_o his_o sudden_a motion_n it_o draw_v the_o whole_a body_n into_o a_o sympathy_n and_o consent_n with_o they_o for_o as_o if_o a_o membrane_n be_v affect_v any_o way_n with_o pain_n all_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o body_n conceyve_v a_o sense_n of_o dolour_n therewith_o so_o when_o a_o membrane_n be_v tickle_v the_o whole_a body_n receyve_v a_o sense_n of_o delight_n and_o be_v likewise_o move_v therewith_o that_o lame_a man_n beget_v lame_a childeren_n or_o maim_v maim_v be_v not_o perpetual_o true_a for_o we_o see_v oftentimes_o that_o lame_a man_n beget_v perfect_a childeren_n and_o he_o that_o want_v a_o joint_n beget_v a_o child_n with_o all_o his_o joint_n that_o in_o immoderate_a coition_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v resolve_v and_o consume_v happen_v because_o the_o remaynder_n of_o the_o aliment_n and_o the_o spirit_n be_v in_o such_o man_n exhaust_v whereof_o when_o the_o part_n be_v defraud_v than_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n waste_v and_o consume_v and_o therefore_o avicen_n say_v that_o the_o great_a expense_n of_o seed_n waste_v the_o body_n forty_o time_n so_o much_o as_o the_o expense_n or_o the_o loss_n of_o blood_n if_o the_o loss_n of_o they_o both_o be_v proportionable_a final_o that_o which_o they_o obtrude_v concern_v the_o likeness_n of_o childeren_n to_o their_o parent_n belong_v to_o a_o high_a contemplation_n and_o shall_v be_v dispute_v at_o large_a by_o and_o by_o in_o a_o more_o convenient_a place_n yet_o thus_o much_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o say_v for_o answer_v that_o the_o similitude_n they_o speak_v off_o proceed_v not_o so_o much_o from_o the_o crass_a and_o thick_a matter_n of_o the_o seed_n as_o from_o the_o formative_a faculty_n seat_v in_o the_o particular_a part_n and_o communicate_v to_o the_o testicle_n and_o at_o length_n to_o the_o seed_n by_o the_o influent_a spirit_n which_o be_v near_o of_o kin_n unto_o those_o which_o have_v their_o perpetual_a residence_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n we_o therefore_o do_v protest_v against_o that_o old_a error_n as_o a_o beggarly_a rudiment_n receive_v from_o hand_n to_o hand_n among_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o seed_n fall_v from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n some_o there_o be_v who_o derive_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o seed_n from_o the_o brayn_n and_o the_o spinall_n brain_n another_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o derive_v the_o seed_n from_o the_o brain_n marrow_n this_o opinion_n of_o they_o i_o will_v illustrate_v by_o authority_n example_n and_o reason_n the_o authority_n be_v that_o of_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr genitura_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o seed_n be_v diffuse_v out_o of_o the_o brain_n into_o the_o loin_n and_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o back_n from_o thence_o into_o the_o kidney_n from_o the_o kidney_n it_o attayn_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o testicle_n to_o the_o privy_a part_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la ossium_fw-la he_o write_v that_o the_o jugular_a it_o authority_n to_o prove_v it_o vein_n proceed_v from_o both_o side_n of_o the_o head_n into_o the_o testicle_n and_o thither_o convey_v the_o seed_n wherefore_o from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o testicle_n hypocrates_n show_v a_o double_a way_n the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o the_o vein_n behind_o the_o ear_n plato_n in_o his_o timaeus_n define_v seed_n to_o be_v a_o defluxion_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n alemaeon_n a_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o brain_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o common_a people_n think_v that_o the_o brain_n and_o marrow_n of_o the_o bone_n do_v engender_v much_o seed_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n there_o be_v elegant_a history_n in_o hypocrates_n book_n history_n history_n de_fw-fr aëre_fw-la aquis_fw-la et_fw-la locis_fw-la the_o first_o be_v of_o such_o man_n as_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o of_o the_o scythian_n there_o be_v in_o time_n pass_v among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o europe_n certain_a man_n call_v macrocephali_a who_o be_v have_v in_o great_a esteem_n who_o head_n be_v long_o and_o such_o be_v account_v be_v macrocephali_n what_o they_o be_v noble_a and_o generous_a spirit_n and_o therefore_o the_o nurse_n be_v wont_a to_o press_v the_o tender_a head_n of_o infant_n and_o to_o lengthen_v they_o with_o swath_n till_o at_o length_n those_o that_o by_o custom_n and_o constraint_n have_v long_a head_n beget_v child_n with_o long_a head_n natural_o and_o by_o conformation_n without_o any_o constraint_n at_o all_o the_o scythian_n have_v no_o skill_n at_o all_o in_o horsemanship_a and_o ride_v without_o stirrup_n ear_n the_o scythian_n cut_v the_o vein_n behind_o the_o ear_n grow_v all_o of_o they_o almost_o to_o be_v trouble_v with_o the_o hipgowt_n or_o sciatica_n which_o disease_n that_o they_o may_v cure_v they_o cause_v the_o vein_n behind_o their_o ear_n to_o be_v open_v which_o be_v cut_v a_o sunder_o they_o after_o prove_v barren_a and_o some_o think_v this_o come_v to_o pass_v because_o the_o cicatrice_n or_o scar_n close_v up_o the_o way_n of_o the_o seed_n descend_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o which_o conceit_n a_o lawyer_n it_o may_v be_v allude_v write_v that_o thief_n shall_v have_v their_o ear_n cut_v off_o lest_o they_o shall_v beget_v young_a thief_n they_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o fruitful_a and_o best_a
we_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v many_o and_o diverse_a to_o omit_v the_o rest_n we_o will_v make_v mention_n only_o of_o three_o which_o be_v the_o especial_a and_o most_o immediate_a cause_n 3._o efficient_a cause_n the_o first_o be_v the_o tickle_a of_o the_o turgid_a and_o itch_a seed_n now_o the_o seed_n be_v turgid_a that_o be_v hoven_v or_o frothy_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o impetuous_a motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n for_o seed_n without_o spirit_n such_o as_o be_v anoyd_v in_o the_o gonorrhaea_n breed_v no_o pleasure_n at_o all_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n those_o that_o abuse_v the_o use_n of_o woman_n by_o frequent_a copulation_n have_v less_o pleasure_n than_o other_o man_n because_o they_o have_v few_o spirit_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o cause_n of_o itself_o sufficient_a to_o procure_v pleasure_n such_o especial_o as_o be_v conceive_v but_o another_o cause_n be_v require_v which_o be_v the_o celerity_n or_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n and_o of_o the_o excretion_n for_o as_o pain_n be_v never_o cause_v unless_o there_o be_v a_o sudden_a and_o swift_a alteration_n so_o when_o the_o seed_n issue_v by_o little_a and_o little_a or_o weep_o there_o be_v no_o pleasure_n at_o all_o final_o to_o these_o two_o be_v add_v the_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n and_o their_o narrowness_n for_o so_o the_o part_n be_v tickle_v and_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v distend_v return_v into_o their_o natural_a situation_n and_o constitution_n there_o be_v stir_v up_o a_o wonderful_a delight_n and_o pleasure_n but_o that_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v make_v more_o evident_a we_o will_v handle_v here_o two_o problem_n the_o first_o why_o the_o spirit_n as_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o other_o part_n vein_n artery_n first_o 2._o problem_n the_o first_o sinew_n membrane_n these_o last_o especial_o be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n together_o with_o the_o blood_n and_o the_o humour_n do_v not_o induce_v the_o same_o pleasure_n which_o they_o do_v in_o the_o spermaticall_a organ_n haply_o it_o be_v because_o this_o kind_n of_o sensation_n by_o the_o wonderful_a providence_n of_o nature_n be_v bestow_v only_o upon_o the_o genitals_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n like_a as_o she_o solution_n solution_n have_v give_v only_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n the_o sense_n of_o divulsion_n and_o appetite_n or_o we_o may_v say_v that_o in_o the_o other_o vessel_n there_o be_v not_o so_o sudden_a and_o headstrong_a a_o effusion_n of_o humour_n and_o spirit_n together_o the_o other_o problem_n be_v why_o man_n and_o woman_n that_o be_v asleep_a have_v great_a pleasure_n in_o problem_n the_o second_o problem_n their_o nocturnal_a pollution_n see_v that_o in_o sleep_v the_o sensative_a faculty_n be_v all_o at_o rest_n for_o the_o philosopher_n call_v sleep_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n of_o the_o first_o sensator_fw-la we_o answer_v solution_n the_o solution_n first_o that_o the_o imagination_n in_o sleep_n be_v strong_a than_o when_o we_o be_v awake_a as_o appear_v in_o those_o that_o walk_n and_o talk_v in_o their_o sleep_n again_o in_o sleep_n the_o sense_n be_v not_o so_o drown_v in_o sencelesnesse_n but_o that_o they_o be_v rouse_v up_o by_o a_o violent_a object_n and_o therefore_o such_o awake_a if_o they_o be_v violent_o stir_v and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n such_o nightly_a pollution_n do_v awaken_v those_o who_o be_v trouble_v with_o they_o if_o you_o prick_v a_o sleep_a man_n with_o a_o needle_n even_o before_o he_o awake_v he_o gather_v up_o his_o body_n and_o if_o you_o continue_v he_o will_v awake_v though_o he_o sleep_v never_o so_o sound_o now_o the_o excretion_n of_o seed_n in_o a_o dream_n be_v indeed_o a_o very_a strong_a object_n to_o the_o spermaticall_a part_n these_o therefore_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o pleasure_n in_o the_o excretion_n or_o avoid_n pleasure_n whether_o man_n or_o woman_n have_v great_a pleasure_n of_o seed_n but_o whether_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o man_n or_o of_o the_o woman_n be_v the_o great_a it_o will_v be_v a_o vain_a and_o fruitless_a disquisition_n to_o inquire_v indeed_o the_o woman_n conceive_v pleasure_n more_o way_n that_o be_v in_o the_o avoid_n of_o her_o own_o seed_n and_o also_o in_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o man_n for_o which_o cause_n the_o tyresian_a priest_n who_o have_v experience_n of_o both_o sex_n prefer_v answer_n the_o answer_n the_o woman_n in_o this_o kind_n but_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o man_n be_v more_o intense_a partly_o because_o his_o seed_n be_v more_o hot_a and_o spirituous_a &_o partly_o also_o because_o it_o yssu_v with_o great_a violence_n and_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o almain_n leap_n or_o subsultation_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o first_o principle_n of_o generation_n that_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o second_o principle_n which_o be_v the_o mother_n blood_n qvest._n viii_o whether_o the_o menstrual_a blood_n have_v any_o noxious_a or_o hurtful_a quality_n therein_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o menstrual_a blood_n there_o have_v be_v and_o yet_o be_v so_o hard_a hold_n and_o so_o many_o opinion_n even_o among_o physician_n themselves_o that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o make_v mention_n of_o all_o their_o difference_n much_o more_o to_o insist_v upon_o they_o but_o because_o we_o will_v pretermit_v nothing_o that_o be_v worthy_a of_o your_o knowledge_n we_o will_v insist_v upon_o the_o chief_a head_n of_o the_o controversy_n the_o first_o of_o which_o shall_v be_v concern_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o course_n all_o man_n do_v agree_v that_o this_o blood_n be_v a_o excrement_n for_o like_o a_o superfluity_n it_o be_v every_o month_n course_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o course_n drive_v forth_o of_o the_o womb_n but_o because_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o excrement_n the_o one_o natural_a and_o profitable_a the_o other_o altogether_o unprofitable_a and_o unnatural_a we_o must_v inquire_v of_o which_o kind_n this_o menstrual_a blood_n be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o unprofitable_a excrement_n and_o of_o a_o noxious_a or_o hurtful_a quality_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o famous_a learned_a man_n as_o also_o by_o strong_a reason_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o authority_n that_o it_o be_v ill_o quality_v hypocrates_n authority_n first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la mulierum_fw-la express_v the_o malignant_a quality_n thereof_o in_o these_o word_n it_o fret_v the_o earth_n like_o vinegar_n and_o gnaw_v the_o body_n of_o the_o woman_n wheresoever_o it_o light_v and_o ulcerate_v the_o part_n of_o generation_n aristotle_n in_o the_o 19_o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la galen_n aristotle_n galen_n animalium_fw-la write_v that_o that_o kind_a of_o blood_n be_v disease_v and_o vitiate_a galen_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr atra_fw-la boil_n say_v that_o every_o month_n a_o superfluous_a portion_n of_o blood_n unprofitable_a not_o only_o in_o quantity_n but_o also_o in_o quality_n be_v avoid_v moses_n that_o great_a lawgiver_n as_o we_o read_v in_o holy_a scripture_n make_v a_o edict_n that_o no_o menstruous_a woman_n shall_v come_v moses_n moses_n into_o the_o sanctuary_n let_v she_o touch_v no_o holy_a thing_n nor_o enter_v into_o the_o sanctuary_n whilst_o the_o day_n of_o her_o purgation_n be_v fulfil_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o zabri_n those_o woman_n that_o have_v their_o course_n zabri_n the_o law_n of_o the_o zabri_n be_v interdict_v the_o company_n and_o society_n of_o man_n and_o the_o place_n where_o she_o do_v stand_v be_v cleanse_v by_o fire_n hesiodus_n forbid_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v frequent_v those_o bath_n where_o menstruous_a woman_n have_v bathe_v themselves_o pliny_n also_o in_o the_o 28._o chapter_n of_o his_o 7._o book_n pliny_n pliny_n &_o columella_n do_v think_v that_o this_o blood_n be_v not_o only_o vicious_a but_o poisonous_a for_o by_o the_o touch_n thereof_o the_o young_a vine_n do_v wither_v the_o bud_n of_o herb_n be_v burn_v up_o yea_o glass_n be_v infect_v columella_n columella_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o tabes_fw-la if_o a_o dog_n lick_v of_o it_o he_o will_v run_v mad_a and_o wanton_a woman_n be_v wont_a experience_n reason_n and_o experience_n to_o bewitch_v their_o lover_n with_o this_o blood_n whence_o outd_v call_v it_o lunare_fw-la virus_fw-la the_o moon_n poison_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o superfluous_a in_o quantity_n but_o in_o the_o whole_a quality_n a_o noisome_a excrement_n this_o poisonous_a quality_n thereof_o woman_n have_v daily_a and_o lamentable_a experience_n of_o in_o their_o own_o body_n for_o if_o it_o be_v suppress_v it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o see_v what_o horrible_a and_o how_o many_o symptom_n do_v arise_v therefrom_o if_o say_v hypocrates_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la mulierum_fw-la it_o be_v stable_v without_o the_o womb_n it_o engender_v inflammation_n cancer_n
evacuate_v be_v not_o yet_o so_o evident_a auerrhoe_n contend_v that_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o the_o seed_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o womb_n be_v not_o always_o necessaray_v and_o that_o a_o woman_n may_v conceive_v without_o the_o embracement_n of_o a_o man_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o tell_v a_o tale_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o conceive_v the_o seed_n of_o a_o man_n float_v in_o the_o water_n of_o a_o bath_n so_o strong_a say_v he_o be_v the_o attractive_a faculty_n of_o the_o womb_n in_o draw_v of_o seed_n but_o it_o be_v great_a wonder_n that_o a_o philosopher_n will_v be_v so_o credulous_a to_o believe_v the_o excuse_n of_o a_o light-skirt_n who_o to_o save_v her_o honesty_n devise_v this_o excuse_n by_o look_v upon_o skirt_n how_o fine_o he_o be_v gull_v by_o a_o light_a skirt_n her_o apron_n string_n for_o say_v he_o a_o neighbour_n of_o i_o tell_v i_o this_o tale_n of_o herself_o the_o woman_n i_o can_v but_o commend_v for_o her_o wit_n though_o not_o for_o her_o honesty_n but_o auerrhoe_n have_v forget_v what_o his_o master_n aristotle_n teach_v he_o in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la disprove_v auerrhoe_n disprove_v seed_n say_v he_o be_v altogether_o airy_a frothy_a and_o if_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o present_o melt_v grow_v waterish_a and_o become_v unfruitful_a in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n also_o of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la he_o write_v that_o those_o creature_n which_o have_v long_a yard_n or_o reason_n first_o reason_n virile_a member_n be_v therefore_o unfruitful_a because_o in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o way_n the_o seed_n be_v refrigerated_a if_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v refrigerated_a in_o his_o first_o and_o natural_a conceptacle_n much_o more_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n or_o lose_v in_o the_o water_n those_o which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o common_a passage_n of_o seed_n and_o urine_n be_v turn_v reason_n second_o reason_n aside_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o yard_n be_v too_o hard_o rein_v with_o the_o bridle_n can_v generate_v not_o because_o they_o have_v not_o fruitful_a seed_n but_o because_o hang_v a_o little_a in_o the_o contortion_n of_o the_o yard_n it_o can_v immediate_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o womb_n whilst_o it_o retain_v his_o heat_n and_o spirit_n as_o say_v galen_n in_o the_o 3._o chapter_n of_o his_o 15._o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la do_v not_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la multerum_fw-la affirm_v that_o to_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o reason_n three_o reason_n sterility_n and_o barrenness_n in_o woman_n when_o the_o womb_n be_v pervert_v or_o distort_v because_o then_o the_o seed_n can_v direct_o pass_v without_o delay_n unto_o the_o inner_a orifice_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a o_o auerrhoe_n that_o there_o be_v a_o direct_a and_o impetuous_a or_o forcible_a ejaculation_n of_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o man_n into_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o woman_n furthermore_o because_o in_o brute_n first_o why_o beast_n conceive_v at_o the_o first_o beast_n which_o cover_v one_o the_o other_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o the_o seed_n into_o the_o womb_n be_v more_o direct_a it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o at_o once_o cover_v for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o hold_v as_o we_o use_v to_o say_v which_o be_v not_o so_o betwixt_o reasonable_a creature_n again_o beast_n be_v quiet_a in_o that_o action_n be_v so_o teach_v by_o nature_n for_o motion_n often_o prevent_v conception_n now_o if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n both_o sex_n yield_v their_o seed_n then_o be_v the_o conception_n soon_o and_o also_o more_o perfect_a because_o the_o womb_n at_o that_o time_n be_v as_o it_o be_v enrage_v do_v more_o greedy_o draw_v and_o more_o narrow_o embrace_v the_o seed_n which_o be_v cast_v unto_o it_o this_o hypocrates_n acknowledge_v in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la mulierum_fw-la in_o these_o word_n if_o that_o which_o proceed_v once_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o both_o seed_n shall_v be_v at_o once_o from_o the_o man_n do_v together_o and_o in_o a_o right_a line_n concur_v and_o meet_v with_o that_o which_o be_v avoid_v by_o the_o woman_n then_o do_v the_o woman_n soon_o conceive_v he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o a_o metaphor_n take_v from_o watermen_n who_o together_o do_v rise_v upon_o their_o rower_n together_o dip_v they_o in_o the_o water_n and_o together_o drive_v their_o stroke_n and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o they_o soon_o conceive_v it_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n unto_o generation_n that_o both_o sex_n shall_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n yield_v their_o seed_n but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v conception_n though_o it_o be_v slow_a if_o one_o come_v a_o little_a before_o or_o after_o another_o but_o if_o the_o distance_n of_o time_n be_v too_o great_a between_o they_o then_o the_o conception_n succeed_v not_o because_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o first_o seed_n be_v exhaust_v and_o dissipate_v the_o same_o thing_n have_v aristotle_n in_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la upon_o which_o scaliger_n have_v write_v a_o excellent_a commentary_n as_o that_o mirror_n of_o learning_n do_v all_o thing_n authority_n prove_v by_o aristotle_n authority_n excellent_o there_o be_v say_v he_o that_o think_v there_o can_v be_v no_o conception_n unless_o the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n meet_v one_o with_o another_o these_o be_v deceive_v because_o the_o better_o habit_v body_n soon_o yield_v wherefore_o that_o seed_n be_v the_o strong_a be_v not_o corrupt_v but_o retain_v his_o spirit_n and_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o womb_n be_v retain_v for_o the_o future_a permixtion_n so_o that_o to_o conception_n simple_o this_o concurrence_n of_o seed_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n be_v not_o absolute_o but_o to_o a_o soon_o conception_n it_o be_v necessary_a it_o be_v also_o demand_v whether_o conception_n may_v be_v without_o pleasure_n on_o the_o man_n part_n opinion_n whither_o conception_n may_v be_v without_o pleasure_n dinus_n opinion_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o on_o the_o woman_n for_o you_o shall_v hear_v many_o say_v that_o they_o have_v no_o sense_n or_o inkling_n of_o pleasure_n at_o all_o dinus_n be_v of_o this_o mind_n that_o conception_n be_v not_o always_o with_o pleasure_n on_o the_o woman_n part_n but_o dina_n be_v a_o better_a judge_n of_o this_o controversy_n let_v we_o hear_v his_o reason_n because_o sometime_o say_v he_o the_o seed_n be_v immediate_o ejaculate_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o womb_n which_o be_v of_o a_o dull_a sense_n never_o touch_v the_o orifice_n who_o sense_n be_v confute_v confute_v more_o exquisite_a a_o pretty_a shift_n i_o promise_v you_o but_o the_o good_a man_n be_v in_o a_o error_n for_o pleasure_n be_v not_o therefore_o conceive_v because_o the_o seed_n touch_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o womb_n but_o because_o it_o run_v through_o the_o spermaticall_a vessel_n of_o the_o woman_n which_o be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n otherwise_o woman_n with_o child_n who_o eiaculate_a their_o seed_n not_o into_o the_o inward_a orifice_n but_o into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o womb_n shall_v have_v no_o pleasure_n in_o such_o ejaculation_n but_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o have_v great_a pleasure_n after_o they_o be_v with_o child_n then_o before_o because_o their_o seed_n pass_v a_o long_a course_n as_o we_o shall_v say_v more_o at_o large_a in_o our_o discourse_n of_o superfoetation_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr principijs_fw-la assoil_v this_o question_n for_o after_o he_o have_v give_v we_o hypocrates_n the_o question_n assâ—yled_v by_o hypocrates_n some_o sign_n of_o conception_n he_o say_v that_o these_o do_v not_o happen_v to_o all_o woman_n but_o unto_o those_o only_a who_o body_n be_v pure_a and_o clean_a but_o where_o the_o body_n be_v gross_a full_a of_o mucous_a and_o impure_a humour_n there_o be_v no_o such_o sign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o impure_a mucous_a and_o moist_a woman_n may_v conceyve_v without_o pleasure_n or_o any_o sense_n of_o titillation_n at_o all_o final_o some_o doubt_n whether_o the_o permixtion_n of_o the_o seed_n be_v requisite_a to_o conception_n answer_v whether_o the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n be_v mingle_v objection_n answer_v because_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o species_n or_o kind_n be_v mix_v again_o if_o they_o be_v mix_v then_o shall_v essenty_n be_v intend_v and_o remit_v which_o in_o philosophy_n be_v a_o gross_a absurdity_n because_o every_o essence_n be_v impartible_a likewise_o of_o two_o being_n by_o themselves_o one_o be_v by_o itself_o can_v be_v make_v but_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o seed_n be_v not_o actual_o animate_v they_o do_v not_o
double_a the_o formative_a faculty_n and_o the_o imagination_n the_o secondary_a be_v the_o instrument_n to_o wit_n the_o place_n and_o certain_a quality_n as_o heat_n the_o matter_n be_v in_o fault_n three_o way_n for_o it_o be_v either_o deficient_a matter_n monster_n from_o the_o matter_n or_o abundant_a or_o be_v diverse_o mix_v if_o there_o be_v want_n of_o spermaticall_a matter_n than_o the_o monster_n be_v deficient_a either_o in_o magnitude_n or_o in_o number_n if_o there_o be_v over_o plus_fw-fr of_o seed_n they_o become_v double-headed_n with_o four_o arm_n etc._n etc._n if_o there_o be_v a_o confuse_a permixtion_n of_o the_o seed_n then_o be_v monster_n generate_v of_o diverse_a kind_n as_o upon_o sodomy_n and_o unnatural_a africa_n why_o so_o many_o monster_n in_o egypt_n &_o africa_n copulation_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n horrible_a monster_n have_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o world_n so_o aristotle_n say_v that_o in_o egypt_n and_o africa_n where_o beast_n of_o diverse_a kind_n meet_v at_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n or_o in_o the_o desert-place_n and_o mismatch_n themselves_o there_o be_v often_o many_o monster_n generate_v and_o thus_o come_v monster_n arise_v from_o the_o matter_n from_o the_o agent_n or_o efficient_a the_o difference_n of_o monster_n from_o the_o efficient_a efficient_a monster_n may_v happen_v diverse_a way_n the_o primary_n agent_n as_o we_o say_v be_v either_o the_o formative_a faculty_n or_o the_o imagination_n the_o power_n of_o the_o imagination_n we_o shall_v show_v a_o little_a after_o in_o a_o fit_a place_n here_o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v out_o of_o the_o learning_n of_o the_o arabian_n that_o a_o strong_a imagination_n be_v able_a to_o produce_v form_n even_o as_o say_v they_o the_o superior_a intelligence_n in_o the_o heaven_n do_v produce_v the_o form_n of_o metal_n plant_n and_o creature_n we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o precinct_n of_o pisa_n a_o woman_n bring_v forth_o a_o female_a child_n full_a of_o hair_n like_o the_o hair_n of_o a_o camel_n because_o say_v the_o author_n she_o be_v wont_a to_o kneel_v before_o the_o picture_n of_o john_n baptist_n clothe_v in_o camel_n hair_n the_o secondary_a agent_n be_v the_o hear_v history_n a_o history_n or_o the_o place_n of_o conception_n hear_v have_v a_o fiery_a mobility_n or_o quick_a motion_n form_v sundry_a shape_n of_o body_n and_o work_v the_o matter_n into_o diverse_a fashion_n the_o perversion_n also_o the_o evil_a conformation_n of_o the_o place_n that_o be_v of_o the_o womb_n may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o deprave_a figure_n and_o thus_o i_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o common_a place_n at_o this_o time_n wherein_o my_o purpose_n be_v only_o to_o touch_v the_o head_n of_o thing_n reserve_v myself_o to_o hereafter_o for_o the_o particular_a prosecution_n hitherto_o we_o have_v entreat_v of_o the_o difficulty_n which_o may_v arise_v concern_v the_o conception_n now_o it_o follow_v concern_v the_o conformation_n qvest._n xv._o whether_o all_o the_o part_n be_v form_v together_o this_o question_n be_v so_o hard_a and_o full_o of_o obscurity_n that_o galen_n say_v it_o be_v only_o know_v to_o god_n &_o nature_n for_o what_o be_v more_o divine_a than_o the_o first_o conformation_n of_o question_n the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o question_n a_o man_n what_o more_o admirable_a what_o more_o secret_a this_o the_o kingly_a prophet_n inspire_v from_o above_o acknowledge_v i_o will_v confess_v before_o the_o o_o lord_n because_o i_o be_o wonderful_a make_v thy_o eye_n see_v i_o before_o i_o be_v shape_v etc._n etc._n see_v therefore_o the_o resolution_n of_o this_o question_n be_v above_o the_o reach_n of_o humane_a capacity_n which_o god_n wot_v be_v circumscribe_v within_o very_o narrow_a limit_n if_o to_o make_v some_o overture_n thereof_o i_o shall_v take_v a_o little_a more_o liberty_n to_o myself_o i_o desire_v all_o those_o that_o desire_v with_o i_o herein_o to_o be_v inform_v not_o to_o impute_v it_o to_o my_o wander_a wit_n but_o to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o subject_n because_o therefore_o as_o by_o the_o collision_n of_o stone_n fire_n be_v beat_v out_o so_o by_o the_o ventilation_n or_o skitmish_n of_o adversary_n opinion_n the_o truth_n come_v best_a to_o be_v know_v we_o will_v first_o with_o your_o patience_n see_v what_o the_o ancient_n have_v conceyve_v of_o this_o matter_n alemaeon_n thought_n that_o the_o brain_n be_v first_o of_o all_o form_v because_o it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o habitation_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o also_o for_o that_o in_o infant_n the_o head_n be_v great_a in_o his_o proportion_n opinion_n alcmaeons_n opinion_n then_o any_o other_o of_o the_o part_n it_o may_v be_v he_o have_v read_v in_o hypocrates_n his_o epidemia_n that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o of_o all_o the_o part_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v according_a unto_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o head_n as_o if_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v form_v by_o the_o head_n and_o have_v dependency_n therefrom_o galen_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o sixth_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la hippocratis_fw-la &_o flatonis_fw-la remember_v that_o pelops_n teach_v public_o that_o all_o the_o vessel_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o brain_n the_o pelops_n pelops_n same_o also_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o persian_a philosopher_n who_o avicen_n call_v theseus_n perseus_n syamor_n theseus_n or_o syamor_n other_o syamor_n cabronensis_n but_o because_o the_o brain_n be_v only_o the_o author_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n and_o the_o principal_a faculty_n which_o the_o infant_n have_v no_o need_n of_o in_o his_o first_o conformation_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o brain_n shall_v be_v form_v before_o the_o other_o spermaticall_a part_n democratus_n as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la democratus_n democratus_n do_v think_v that_o the_o outward_a part_n be_v first_o form_v &_o afterward_o the_o inward_a part_n as_o artificer_n be_v wont_v first_o rude_o to_o frame_v the_o model_n of_o creature_n in_o wood_n or_o stone_n before_o they_o cut_v out_o the_o more_o curious_a line_n orpheus_n thought_n that_o a_o creature_n be_v form_v as_o a_o net_n be_v knit_v that_o be_v in_o order_n empedocles_n that_o the_o liver_n be_v first_o form_v the_o stoyck_v all_o the_o part_n opinion_n orpheus_n empedocles_n aristotle_n opinion_n together_o aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la say_v that_o the_o heart_n be_v first_o of_o all_o form_v and_o by_o and_o from_o it_o all_o the_o part_n be_v produce_v which_o as_o a_o child_n enfranchise_v by_o the_o father_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o rule_v and_o dispense_v the_o whole_a body_n this_o say_v he_o be_v the_o first_o and_o only_a principle_n the_o first_o liver_n the_o first_o mover_n the_o first_o that_o make_v blood_n because_o it_o die_v last_o of_o all_o now_o that_o that_o die_v last_o live_v also_o first_o that_o the_o heart_n die_v arist_n the_o heart_n die_v last_o after_o gal._n &_o arist_n last_o beside_o that_o we_o be_v teach_v it_o by_o daily_a experience_n galen_n also_o confess_v as_o much_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o sixth_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la affectis_fw-la death_n never_o follow_v say_v he_o unless_o the_o heart_n be_v first_o affect_v with_o a_o immoderate_a distemper_n it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a that_o the_o father_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o family_n which_o be_v the_o heart_n shall_v be_v create_v before_o the_o cater_n or_o steward_n which_o be_v the_o liver_n this_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n avicen_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o arabian_a family_n opinion_n auicens_fw-la opinion_n seem_v to_o follow_v which_o also_o he_o establish_v by_o some_o reason_n because_o the_o creature_n can_v be_v nourish_v unless_o he_o live_v and_o participate_v of_o the_o influence_n of_o heat_n now_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o plentiful_a fountain_n of_o natural_a heat_n again_o in_o the_o first_o day_n after_o conception_n the_o formative_a faculty_n need_v no_o nourishment_n because_o there_o be_v no_o notable_a resolution_n or_o expense_n in_o the_o part_n but_o of_o heat_n and_o vital_a spirit_n there_o be_v always_o need_n therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o heart_n shall_v be_v form_v before_o the_o liver_n but_o this_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n be_v long_v since_o cast_v out_o of_o the_o school_n of_o physician_n for_o that_o confute_v aristotle_n opinion_n confute_v it_o be_v not_o the_o only_a nor_o the_o first_o principle_n we_o have_v already_o prove_v sufficient_o in_o the_o second_o question_n of_o the_o controversy_n of_o the_o first_o book_n now_o that_o it_o be_v not_o first_o generate_v may_v be_v demonstrate_v both_o by_o reason_n and_o sense_n which_o two_o be_v the_o most_o unpartial_a judge_n of_o all_o controversy_n by_o sense_n because_o there_o always_o appear_v
a_o example_n propound_v by_o hypocrates_n for_o say_v he_o if_o you_o give_v drink_n that_o it_o be_v part_n of_o our_o drink_n a_o pig_n that_o be_v very_o dry_a water_n mingle_v with_o minium_n or_o vermilion_n and_o present_o stick_v it_o you_o shall_v find_v all_o his_o windepipe_n along_o dye_v with_o this_o colour_a drink_n some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v generate_v from_o moist_a vapour_n and_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o drive_v forth_o by_o his_o perpetual_a motion_n and_o high_a heat_n unto_o the_o pericardium_n by_o who_o density_n they_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n and_o of_o that_o opinion_n be_v falopius_n laurentius_n &_o archangelus_n who_o remember_v six_o opinion_n concern_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o make_v mention_n of_o this_o humour_n be_v find_v not_o only_o in_o dead_a body_n as_o some_o will_v but_o also_o in_o live_v but_o why_o that_o it_o be_v find_v in_o live_a body_n but_o more_o in_o dead_a and_o why_o more_o plentiful_a after_o death_n except_o in_o those_o that_o die_v of_o consumption_n in_o who_o it_o be_v little_a and_o yellowish_a because_o the_o many_o spirit_n which_o be_v about_o the_o heart_n the_o body_n be_v cold_a be_v turn_v into_o water_n even_o as_o those_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n convert_v into_o water_n we_o also_o affirm_v that_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v in_o live_a body_n and_o not_o only_o in_o those_o that_o be_v disease_v as_o they_o that_o be_v trouble_v with_o palpitation_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o also_o in_o all_o sound_a body_n yet_o in_o some_o more_o plentiful_a in_o other_o more_o spare_v but_o in_o all_o moderate_a because_o if_o it_o be_v consume_v there_o follow_v a_o disease_a in_o sound_a body_n as_o well_o as_o in_o disease_a consumption_n if_o it_o be_v abundant_a palpitation_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o much_o that_o it_o hinder_v the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o heart_n than_o follow_v suffocation_n and_o death_n itself_o that_o it_o be_v in_o live_a body_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o heart_n where_o he_o say_v there_o be_v a_o little_a humour_n like_o unto_o urine_n as_o also_o by_o the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n out_o of_o who_o precious_a side_n issue_v water_n and_o blood_n it_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o dissection_n of_o live_a saviour_n the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n creature_n which_o every_o year_n be_v perform_v for_o further_a advertisement_n especial_o a_o sheep_n or_o such_o like_a great_a with_o young_a vesalius_n add_v a_o example_n of_o a_o man_n who_o heart_n be_v take_v out_o of_o his_o body_n while_o he_o live_v at_o padua_n in_o italy_n final_o the_o use_n and_o necessity_n of_o it_o do_v evict_v the_o same_o for_o the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v to_o keep_v moist_a the_o heart_n and_o his_o vessel_n a_o hot_a part_n it_o be_v so_o as_o the_o left_a it_o the_o use_n of_o it_o ventricle_n will_v even_o scald_v a_o man_n finger_n if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o it_o and_o so_o continual_o move_v that_o unless_o it_o be_v thus_o temper_v it_o will_v gather_v a_o very_a torrify_a heat_n by_o cool_v it_o also_o it_o keep_v it_o fresh_a and_o flourish_a it_o moystn_v also_o the_o pericardium_n wherein_o it_o be_v contain_v which_o otherwise_o by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o heart_n will_v be_v exiccate_v or_o dry_v up_o by_o it_o also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n become_v more_o facile_a and_o easy_a and_o this_o motion_n spend_v it_o and_o resolve_v it_o insensible_o by_o the_o pore_n as_o it_o be_v breed_v but_o if_o in_o the_o passage_n it_o be_v stay_v then_o say_v varolius_n be_v there_o many_o hair_n find_v grow_v right_o against_o it_o on_o the_o breast_n final_o it_o take_v away_o the_o sense_n or_o feel_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o heart_n because_o the_o heart_n swim_v as_o it_o breast_n the_o cause_n of_o have_v upon_o the_o breast_n be_v in_o it_o even_o as_o we_o see_v the_o infant_n swim_v in_o sweat_n in_o the_o womb_n aswell_o to_o take_v away_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o great_a a_o burden_n from_o the_o mother_n as_o also_o that_o it_o may_v not_o fall_v hard_o to_o any_o part_n in_o her_o body_n you_o may_v add_v to_o this_o if_o you_o please_v that_o it_o help_v forward_o the_o concretion_n of_o the_o fat_a about_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o cavity_n also_o of_o the_o chest_n there_o be_v find_v such_o a_o like_a water_n mingle_v with_o blood_n with_o chest_n another_o water_n and_o blood_n mingle_v in_o the_o chest_n which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o chest_n be_v continual_o moisten_v and_o cool_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o these_o circumstance_n of_o the_o heart_n now_o follow_v the_o vessel_n of_o the_o chest_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o ascend_a trunk_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n tab_n 5._o fig._n 1._o show_v the_o division_n of_o the_o hollow-vein_n in_o the_o jugulum_fw-la or_o hollow_a under_o the_o patelbone_n on_o the_o right_a side_n be_v show_v how_o it_o be_v common_o believe_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o trunk_n the_o one_o call_v the_o sub-clavius_a the_o other_o super-clavius_a from_o whence_o come_v that_o scrupulous_a choice_n of_o the_o cephalica_fw-la and_o basilica_n vein_n in_o phlebotomy_n or_o blood-letting_n on_o the_o right_a side_n be_v show_v how_o the_o trunk_n be_v but_o one_o out_o of_o which_o both_o the_o foresay_a vein_n of_o the_o arm_n do_v proceed_v fig._n 2._o show_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n as_o much_o as_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o hart_n unto_o the_o jugulun_n wherein_o be_v exhibit_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o fibre_n which_o be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vein_n tabula_fw-la v._o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o the_o 2._o figure_n fig_n iii_o fig._n 3._o show_v a_o rude_a delineation_n of_o the_o fibre_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vein_n fig_n iv_o fig._n 4._o show_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o vein_n azygos_n which_o we_o shall_v show_v more_o distinct_o in_o the_o 7._o table_n before_o the_o division_n it_o send_v out_o four_o branch_n table_n 6._o show_v the_o trunk_n and_o branch_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n as_o they_o be_v disseminated_a through_o all_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o body_n tabula_fw-la vi_o afterward_o the_o hollowveine_n perforate_v the_o pericardium_n again_o and_o again_o grow_v round_o but_o much_o less_o than_o before_o and_o rise_v up_o where_o the_o right_a lung_n be_v part_v from_o the_o left_a and_o so_o pass_v to_o the_o jugulum_fw-la but_o above_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o body_n it_o part_v with_o a_o notable_a trunk_n or_o branch_n to_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o spondel_n and_o the_o space_n between_o the_o rib_n and_o this_o be_v the_o three_o branch_n call_v vena_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o sine_fw-la pari_fw-la that_o be_v the_o un-mated_n vein_n 〈◊〉_d vena_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o we_o have_v before_o call_v non-paril_a tab._n 5._o fig._n 1._o c._n fig._n 2_o b_o fig._n 4_o b_o because_o common_o in_o a_o man_n it_o be_v but_o one_o as_o also_o in_o dog_n and_o have_v not_o another_o on_o the_o other_o side_n like_o unto_o it_o although_o it_o show_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o hollow_a verne_n disseminated_a through_o both_o the_o belly_n notwithstanding_o it_o serve_v especial_o to_o exhibit_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o vein_n azygos_n and_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o branch_n thereof_o with_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o chest_n which_o here_o be_v only_o show_v on_o the_o right_a side_n tabula_fw-la vii_o yyyy_a the_o outward_a vein_n of_o the_o chest_n which_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o inner_a branch_n of_o the_o azygos_n z_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o basilica_n which_o be_v join_v with_o the_o cephalica_fw-la a._n a_o branch_n of_o the_o cephalica_fw-la which_o be_v join_v with_o the_o basilica_n z_o b_o the_o vein_n call_v mediana_n or_o the_o middle_a vein_n common_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vein_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tab._n 5._o fig._n 4._o b_o tab._n 6._o ff_n tab._n 7._o d_o out_o of_o the_o backside_n of_o it_o as_o well_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o on_o the_o right_n but_o on_o the_o right_a especial_o branch_n pari_fw-la the_o branch_n of_o vena_fw-la sine_fw-la pari_fw-la be_v distribute_v to_o the_o distance_n sometime_o of_o all_o but_o most_o what_o of_o the_o ten_o low_a rib_n tab._n 5._o fig._n 4_o which_o be_v call_v intercostales_fw-la rami_fw-la tab._n 6_o gg_n branch_n between_o the_o rib_n this_o vein_n also_o without_o his_o
they_o have_v get_v the_o measure_n of_o heat_n that_o they_o have_v in_o the_o live_a body_n will_v be_v dilate_v but_o never_o fall_v because_o there_o want_v a_o faculty_n but_o they_o be_v both_o deceive_v for_o if_o both_o the_o diastole_n and_o systole_n come_v not_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o from_o the_o constitution_n deceive_v how_o both_o be_v deceive_v of_o the_o artery_n than_o the_o artery_n shall_v ever_o keep_v the_o same_o magnitude_n and_o the_o same_o vehemency_n of_o pulsation_n but_o we_o see_v that_o the_o pulse_n be_v now_o great_a now_o lesser_a as_o the_o strength_n be_v great_a or_o little_a sometime_o the_o systole_n sometime_o the_o diastole_n be_v great_a as_o the_o use_n of_o either_o be_v increase_v there_o want_v not_o some_o who_o strive_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o artery_n be_v from_o the_o brain_n stand_v upon_o one_o authority_n of_o galens_n where_o he_o say_v in_o the_o 2._o book_n brain_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o artery_n be_v not_o from_o the_o brain_n de_fw-fr causis_fw-la pulsuum_fw-la when_o in_o a_o man_n the_o pulse_n begin_v to_o be_v convulsive_a present_o he_o be_v take_v with_o a_o convulsion_n which_o seem_v to_o intimate_v that_o there_o be_v one_o original_a of_o the_o faculty_n of_o pulsation_n and_o of_o that_o to_o which_o convulsion_n do_v belong_v but_o galens_n own_o observation_n bewray_v the_o vanity_n of_o this_o opinion_n for_o if_o the_o brain_n be_v compress_v sense_n and_o motion_n will_v perish_v but_o the_o artery_n will_v still_o beat_v if_o the_o nerve_n which_o come_v from_o the_o brayn_n to_o the_o heart_n be_v cut_v or_o intercept_v the_o creature_n become_v dumb_a but_o the_o artery_n beat_v still_o see_v therefore_o that_o the_o artery_n neither_o move_v by_o a_o power_n of_o their_o own_o nor_o from_o the_o move_v the_o true_a cause_n whereby_o the_o motion_n be_v move_v elementary_a form_n nor_o only_o from_o heat_n nor_o from_o a_o spirit_n or_o spumy_a blood_n it_o remain_v necessary_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v move_v by_o pulsative_a power_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v move_v by_o any_o thing_n save_v by_o a_o faculty_n their_o motion_n shall_v be_v not_o continual_a but_o violent_a neither_o will_v there_o be_v any_o attraction_n of_o air_n in_o dilatation_n but_o the_o boil_a blood_n will_v take_v up_o all_o the_o room_n this_o faculty_n or_o power_n pulsative_fw-mi be_v in_o a_o moment_n carry_v not_o through_o the_o cavitie_n but_o along_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o artery_n and_o that_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o moment_n this_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o lead_v which_o way_n the_o faculty_n be_v lead_v all_o the_o artery_n be_v move_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n all_o together_o in_o the_o same_o time_n when_o the_o heart_n be_v move_v if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o galen_n in_o the_o 1._o the_o different_a pulsuum_fw-la &_o the_o 2_o prima_fw-la cognition_n ex_fw-la pull_v speak_v of_o those_o that_o have_v hot_a heart_n and_o cold_a artery_n in_o who_o the_o part_n of_o the_o artery_n that_o be_v near_o to_o the_o heart_n be_v dilate_v soon_o than_o those_o that_o be_v more_o remote_a be_v constrain_v to_o confess_v that_o the_o pulsative_fw-mi power_n be_v move_v through_o the_o heart_n what_o may_v hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n artery_n &_o slow_o by_o degree_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o faculty_n flow_v in_o a_o moment_n unless_o it_o be_v hinder_v but_o it_o may_v be_v hinder_v sometime_o by_o his_o own_o fault_n sometime_o by_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o instrument_n by_o his_o own_o when_o the_o heat_n be_v weak_a by_o the_o instrument_n when_o the_o artery_n be_v either_o cold_a or_o soft_a or_o obstruct_a it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v aright_o dispose_v it_o flow_v in_o a_o instant_n and_o not_o through_o the_o cavitie_n but_o along_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o artery_n galen_n in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o book_n quod_fw-la sanguis_fw-la arterijs_fw-la delineatur_fw-la give_v a_o experience_n a_o instance_n for_o experience_n instance_n from_o experience_n if_o you_o put_v a_o quill_n or_o reed_n into_o the_o artery_n which_o will_v fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n yet_o will_v the_o artery_n beat_v but_o if_o his_o coat_n be_v press_v with_o a_o tie_n it_o will_v cease_v instant_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o artery_n in_o a_o infant_n beat_v before_o the_o heart_n and_o therefore_o the_o pulse_n be_v from_o the_o spirit_n not_o from_o the_o heart_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o infant_n artery_n solution_n objection_n solution_n do_v move_v by_o a_o virtue_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o mother_n for_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o infant_n be_v continual_a with_o those_o of_o the_o mother_n and_o receive_v as_o well_o life_n &_o the_o pulsative_a faculty_n from_o she_o as_o the_o liver_n and_o all_o the_o other_o part_n do_v nourishment_n qvest._n v._o whether_o the_o artery_n be_v dilate_v when_o the_o heart_n be_v dilate_v or_o on_o the_o contrary_a then_o contract_v there_o arise_v now_o a_o more_o obscure_a thorny_a and_o scrupulous_a question_n than_o question_n a_o difficult_a question_n the_o former_a and_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o artery_n and_o the_o heart_n be_v move_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n for_o the_o explication_n whereof_o we_o must_v first_o resolve_v that_o the_o artery_n be_v fill_v when_o they_o be_v dilate_v and_o empty_v when_o they_o be_v contract_v dilatation_n the_o artery_n be_v fill_v in_o their_o dilatation_n that_o they_o draw_v when_o they_o be_v dilate_v and_o expel_v when_o they_o be_v constringe_v the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a for_o the_o vessel_n must_v needs_o draw_v with_o that_o motion_n whereby_o they_o be_v make_v most_o fit_a to_o receive_v but_o the_o vessel_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v more_o enlarge_v by_o so_o much_o be_v they_o more_o capable_a now_o they_o be_v enlarge_v by_o dilatation_n therefore_o when_o they_o be_v dilate_v they_o draw_v and_o be_v fill_v so_o that_o archigines_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v hearken_v unto_o archigines_n archigines_n who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o the_o systole_n the_o artery_n do_v draw_v and_o be_v fill_v and_o in_o the_o diastole_n do_v expel_v and_o be_v empty_v who_o argument_n for_o this_o be_v because_o in_o inspiration_n the_o lip_n be_v straighten_v and_o the_o nostril_n contract_v but_o whether_o this_o diastole_n of_o the_o artery_n erasistratus_n the_o first_o opinion_n erasistratus_n be_v at_o once_o and_o together_o with_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o heart_n that_o be_v indeed_o a_o great_a controversy_n erasistratus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o think_v their_o motion_n contrary_a that_o be_v that_o when_o the_o heart_n be_v dilate_v the_o artery_n be_v contract_v and_o when_o the_o heart_n be_v contract_v the_o artery_n be_v dilate_v among_o the_o new_a writer_n these_o have_v side_v with_o he_o fernelius_n columbus_n cardane_n &_o sealiger_n and_o true_o his_o opinion_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o authority_n and_o reason_n galen_n in_o his_o authority_n authority_n book_n de_n pull_v ad_fw-la tyrenes_n say_v that_o the_o vital_a faculty_n do_v move_v diverse_a body_n at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o diverse_a motion_n which_o can_v be_v understand_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o the_o artery_n avicen_n fen._n 1._o cap._n 4._o doctrine_n 6._o affirm_v that_o the_o vital_a first_o reason_n the_o first_o faculty_n do_v together_o dilate_v and_o constringe_v the_o reason_n beside_o these_o authority_n be_v in_o the_o diastole_n the_o heart_n draw_v blood_n by_o the_o hollow_a vein_n into_o his_o right_a ventricle_n and_o aer_fw-la by_o the_o venal_a artery_n into_o the_o left_a therefore_o at_o that_o time_n the_o heart_n be_v fill_v and_o the_o vessel_n be_v empty_v contrariwise_o in_o the_o systole_n the_o heart_n expel_v the_o vital_a spirit_n into_o the_o artery_n therefore_o at_o that_o time_n the_o heart_n be_v empty_v and_o the_o artery_n be_v fill_v but_o when_o the_o artery_n be_v fill_v they_o be_v distend_v and_o when_o they_o be_v empty_v they_o fall_v wherefore_o when_o the_o heart_n be_v distend_v the_o artery_n be_v contract_v and_o when_o it_o be_v contract_v they_o be_v distend_v beside_o there_o be_v the_o same_o proportion_n between_o the_o artery_n and_o the_o heart_n which_o second_o the_o second_o there_o be_v between_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o deaf_a ear_n but_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a which_o our_o eyesight_n teach_v we_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v diverse_a for_o when_o the_o heart_n be_v dilate_v than_o those_o ear_n do_v fall_v and_o when_o the_o heart_n be_v contract_v than_o they_o be_v distend_v and_o fill_v wherefore_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o
down_o ward_n and_o inward_a it_o be_v strangle_v and_o extinguish_v when_o it_o can_v be_v move_v upward_o and_o outward_a and_o so_o refrigerated_a wherefore_o the_o spiration_n or_o breathe_n of_o cold_n be_v very_o necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o natural_a heat_n but_o what_o shall_v this_o cold_a be_v sure_o either_o aer_fw-la or_o water_n aer_fw-la be_v more_o heat_n whether_o aer_fw-la or_o water_n be_v fit_a to_o cool_v the_o heat_n necessary_a in_o perfect_a and_o bloody_a creature_n first_o because_o it_o soon_o follow_v the_o distension_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o so_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o fill_v all_o that_o be_v dilate_v to_o keep_v out_o vacuity_n second_o it_o cool_v soon_o as_o better_o distribute_v his_o part_n into_o every_o secret_a corner_n of_o the_o heart_n final_o it_o be_v better_a expirate_v or_o breathe_v out_o then_o water_n though_o it_o be_v not_o more_o easy_o draw_v in_o aer_fw-la then_o be_v the_o best_a cool_a for_o the_o heart_n and_o that_o must_v be_v bring_v unto_o it_o by_o breathe_v now_o this_o spiration_n or_o breathe_n be_v double_a insensible_a and_o sensible_a insensible_a spiration_n hypocrates_n and_o galen_n call_v proper_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o latin_n perspiration_n &_o transpiration_n the_o other_o and_o sensible_a breathe_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v respiration_n transpiration_n respiration_n transpiration_n &_o respiration_n be_v by_o the_o secret_a pore_n of_o the_o skin_n respiration_n by_o the_o mouth_n and_o the_o nose_n those_o creature_n who_o heat_n be_v weak_a and_o faint_a do_v live_v only_o by_o respiration_n so_o all_o that_o be_v without_o blood_n or_o which_o we_o call_v insecta_fw-la of_o certain_a division_n they_o have_v about_o their_o neck_n or_o belly_n so_o the_o infant_n in_o the_o womb_n transpire_v only_o but_o do_v not_o respire_v and_o many_o woman_n in_o fit_n of_o the_o mother_n the_o natural_a heat_n of_o their_o heart_n be_v dissolve_v by_o a_o poisonous_a breath_n mother_n fit_v of_o the_o mother_n arise_v from_o putrify_a seed_n do_v live_v a_o while_n in_o trance_n only_o by_o transpiration_n but_o those_o creature_n who_o heat_n be_v near_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o flame_n by_o transpiration_n only_o can_v be_v temper_v wherefore_o such_o heat_n need_v a_o far_a help_n to_o wafte_n more_o aer_fw-la unto_o it_o and_o that_o be_v do_v only_o by_o respiration_n this_o respiration_n therefore_o have_v two_o part_n inspiration_n and_o expiration_n inspiration_n be_v respiration_n the_o part_n of_o respiration_n the_o draw_v in_o of_o the_o aer_fw-la expiration_n the_o breathe_a it_o out_o inspiration_n be_v like_o the_o diastole_n of_o the_o heart_n expiration_n like_o the_o systole_n this_o respiration_n whether_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o animal_n have_v trouble_v the_o head_n of_o scholar_n a_o great_a while_n and_o will_v also_o now_o trouble_v we_o if_o we_o shall_v muster_v together_o all_o the_o reason_n animal_n whether_o natural_a or_o animal_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o both_o side_n yet_o because_o the_o question_n be_v worthy_a the_o decision_n we_o will_v brief_o as_o we_o can_v resolve_v it_o with_o your_o patience_n the_o argument_n to_o prove_v it_o not_o to_o be_v animal_n or_o voluntary_a be_v first_o because_o voiuntary_a action_n be_v from_o election_n but_o man_n asleep_a animal_n not_o animal_n when_o yet_o there_o be_v respiration_n have_v no_o election_n no_o will_n because_o sleep_n be_v a_o rest_n or_o reason_n the_o reason_n cessation_n of_o all_o animal_n action_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o galen_n call_v the_o caros_n a_o sleepy_a disease_n puivationem_fw-la animalitatis_fw-la a_o privation_n of_o all_o the_o animal_n faculty_n yet_o in_o that_o disease_n the_o respiration_n be_v free_a as_o likewise_o in_o the_o apoplexic_n which_o be_v a_o resolution_n or_o palsy_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n now_o where_o be_v no_o sense_n remain_v can_v there_o then_o remain_v any_o voluntary_a motion_n yet_o we_o see_v respiration_n remain_v again_o to_o be_v voluntary_a and_o perpetual_a be_v contrary_n for_o voluntary_a action_n do_v albreed_a weariness_n but_o respiration_n breed_v not_o weariness_n in_o the_o motion_n but_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v any_o whit_n check_v or_o stay_v that_o stay_v or_o check_n breed_v weariness_n final_o when_o the_o respiration_n be_v vitiate_v we_o apply_v remedy_n unto_o the_o region_n of_o the_o heart_n not_o unto_o the_o brain_n which_o be_v the_o original_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o great_a argument_n to_o prove_v it_o to_o animal_n that_o it_o be_v animal_n be_v voluntary_a be_v that_o we_o can_v breathe_v when_o we_o will_v and_o when_o we_o will_v we_o can_v stay_v our_o breath_n so_o as_o many_o have_v thus_o voluntary_o end_v their_o day_n i_o mean_v by_o stay_v their_o own_o breath_n galen_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr motu_fw-la musculorum_fw-la tell_v of_o a_o barbarian_a servant_n who_o be_v thorough_o anger_v purpose_v to_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o himself_o he_o throw_v himself_o therefore_o history_n history_n upon_o the_o ground_n and_o hold_v his_o breath_n a_o long_a time_n remain_v unmooved_a at_o length_n turn_v himself_o a_o little_a he_o breathe_v out_o his_o life_n c._n licinius_n macer_n a_o praetorian_a citizen_n of_o rome_n be_v accuse_v for_o oppression_n by_o exaction_n whilst_o the_o judge_n be_v give_v sentence_n shut_v up_o his_o own_o mouth_n and_o cover_v it_o with_o his_o handkerchief_n retain_v his_o breath_n till_o he_o fall_v down_o dead_a coma_o the_o brother_n of_o one_o maximus_n a_o captain_n of_o outlaw_n when_o he_o be_v ask_v concern_v the_o strength_n and_o enterprise_n of_o the_o fugitive_n gather_v his_o strength_n together_o cover_v his_o head_n and_o fall_v upon_o his_o knee_n hold_v his_o breath_n till_o he_o die_v even_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o those_o that_o guard_v he_o and_o before_o the_o face_n of_o the_o judge_n cato_n vticensis_n when_o his_o son_n have_v take_v away_o his_o sword_n he_o persuade_v his_o servant_n to_o give_v it_o he_o again_o say_v he_o will_v keep_v it_o for_o his_o defence_n not_o to_o murder_v himself_o with_o for_o say_v he_o if_o i_o list_v to_o die_v i_o can_v easy_o hold_v my_o breath_n to_o serve_v that_o turn_n beside_o hypocrates_n say_v in_o his_o three_o section_n of_o the_o second_o book_n epidemiωn_n that_o the_o cure_n of_o continual_a yawn_n which_o physician_n call_v oscitation_n be_v long_o breathe_v &_o aristophanes_n in_o plato_n his_o symposio_fw-la be_v trouble_v with_o a_o hiccock_n entreat_v eriximachus_n the_o physician_n to_o tell_v out_o his_o tale_n hiccock_n how_o to_o cure_v yowning_n &_o the_o hiccock_n for_o he_o that_o will_v i_o say_v he_o &_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n hold_v your_o breath_n some_o good_a while_n &_o your_o hiccock_n will_v cease_v and_o then_o you_o shall_v take_v my_o turn_n as_o i_o have_v take_v you_o we_o may_v then_o retain_v our_o breath_n when_o and_o how_o long_o we_o will_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o voluntary_a action_n for_o the_o instrument_n whereby_o we_o breath_n be_v all_o animal_n as_o the_o intercostall_a muscle_n the_o midriff_n which_o be_v also_o a_o muscle_n and_o the_o nerve_n final_o if_o the_o brain_n be_v offend_v as_o in_o a_o frenzy_n then_o be_v the_o respiration_n offend_v we_o see_v here_o two_o opposite_a opinion_n both_o which_o we_o can_v maintain_v unless_o they_o will_v either_o of_o they_o remit_v somewhat_o and_o yield_v a_o little_a either_o to_o other_o and_o then_o it_o will_v not_o be_v opinion_n a_o reconciliation_n of_o 2._o advorse_v opinion_n hard_a to_o reconcile_v they_o after_o this_o manner_n some_o action_n be_v pure_o and_o simple_o natural_a as_o concoction_n nutrition_n etc._n etc._n some_o partly_o voluntary_a as_o speech_n and_o walk_v some_o mix_v that_o be_v partly_o natural_a partly_o animal_n as_o the_o avoid_n of_o water_n and_o excrement_n as_o galen_n say_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o 6._o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la affect_v and_o in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr motu_fw-la musculorum_fw-la he_o liken_v respiration_n to_o these_o respiration_n therefore_o be_v a_o mix_a action_n partly_o natural_a and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o final_a cause_n and_o of_o necessity_n partly_o action_n respiration_n a_o mix_a action_n animal_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o it_o the_o muscle_n those_o that_o be_v strangle_v do_v not_o breathe_v because_o they_o can_v animal_o the_o nerve_n and_o instance_n 2._o instance_n muscle_n be_v intercept_v with_o the_o rope_n hysterical_a woman_n that_o be_v trouble_v with_o the_o mother_n do_v not_o breath_n because_o they_o can_v naturally_n for_o there_o be_v no_o use_n of_o respiration_n nor_o no_o necessity_n urge_v it_o although_o the_o instrument_n be_v at_o liberty_n
it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o be_v contain_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o it_o hypocrates_n have_v learned_o discourse_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la to_o which_o wereferre_v the_o learned_a reader_n as_o also_o for_o the_o order_n of_o the_o generation_n thereof_o to_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr generatio_fw-la e_fw-la animalium_fw-la and_o the_o sixth_o section_n it_o be_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n which_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o situation_n the_o figure_n the_o defence_n it_o have_v and_o the_o use_n of_o it_o the_o situation_n be_v in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o why_o the_o brain_n the_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o why_o body_n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o defence_a tower_n that_o it_o may_v be_v better_o secure_v from_o outward_a injury_n the_o figure_n be_v round_o which_o be_v the_o most_o noble_a figure_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n for_o it_o be_v proportionable_a that_o the_o divine_a part_n shall_v have_v the_o most_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a figure_n the_o defence_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v very_o many_o the_o hair_n the_o skin_n and_o that_o the_o thick_a of_o all_o the_o body_n the_o fat_a the_o fleshy_a membrane_n the_o pericranium_n the_o periostium_fw-la a_o double_a table_v scull_n and_o two_o meminge_n or_o membrane_n by_o all_o which_o it_o be_v of_o all_o side_n defence_v from_o brain_n the_o defence_n of_o the_o brain_n violence_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v hurt_v or_o offend_v but_o with_o extreme_a wrong_n but_o neither_o the_o heart_n nor_o any_o other_o part_n be_v so_o provide_v for_o by_o nature_n wherefore_o it_o shall_v seem_v she_o make_v more_o of_o store_n as_o we_o say_v of_o it_o then_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o use_v it_o will_v easy_o carry_v away_o the_o prize_n of_o excellency_n for_o the_o soul_n it_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o use_n of_o it_o of_o man_n say_v varolius_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o any_o bodily_a instrument_n can_v apprehend_v those_o out_o ward_v thing_n which_o be_v without_o itself_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o corporeal_a organ_n into_o which_o the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o material_a thing_n may_v be_v transmit_v by_o which_o afterward_o they_o may_v be_v exhibit_v and_o in_o which_o they_o may_v be_v apprehend_v and_o contemplate_v even_o as_o comparison_n comparison_n he_o that_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o room_n can_v see_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v or_o be_v act_v without_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o tralucent_a body_n wherein_o the_o image_n of_o those_o outward_a thing_n may_v first_o be_v receive_v and_o after_o represent_v to_o he_o that_o be_v within_o such_o a_o instrument_n be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v commune_fw-la sensorium_fw-la the_o common_a sense_n for_o nothing_o can_v come_v into_o the_o understanding_n unless_o it_o be_v first_o in_o the_o sense_n now_o this_o first_o or_o common_a sense_n according_a to_o plato_n and_o galen_n be_v the_o brain_n for_o aristotle_n dream_n arist_n dream_n do_v but_o dream_n that_o it_o be_v the_o heart_n and_o they_o think_v well_o for_o not_o only_a galen_n but_o aristotle_n himself_o do_v resolve_v that_o that_o be_v the_o first_o sensorium_n or_o common_a sense_n which_o be_v brain_n the_o common_a sense_n be_v the_o brain_n the_o original_n of_o sinew_n now_o anatomy_n teach_v we_o that_o all_o the_o sinew_n arise_v from_o the_o brain_n hence_o than_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n for_o if_o a_o nerve_n which_o be_v direct_v unto_o any_o part_n be_v obstruct_v that_o part_n be_v deprive_v of_o sense_n and_o motion_n &_o so_o of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n if_o the_o original_a or_o beginning_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n be_v obstruct_v all_o the_o part_n under_o the_o head_n do_v loose_v both_o sense_n and_o motion_n when_o as_o yet_o the_o head_n enjoy_v they_o both_o but_o if_o the_o four_o ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v obstruct_v than_o not_o only_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o the_o head_n itself_o lose_v motion_n and_o sense_n and_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n who_o then_o will_v deny_v that_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o most_o noble_a of_o all_o the_o member_n see_v it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o all_o the_o animal_n faculty_n imagination_n reason_n or_o discourse_n &_o memory_n wherefore_o aphrodisaeus_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o organ_n of_o wisdom_n and_o the_o beginning_n or_o original_n aphrodisaeut_fw-fr aphrodisaeut_fw-fr of_o sense_n and_o voluntary_a motion_n and_o beside_o see_v from_o it_o do_v issue_n and_o on_o it_o do_v depend_v all_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o see_v hear_v smell_a taste_v touch_v yea_o and_o speech_n also_o and_o therefore_o plato_n do_v worthy_o call_v it_o because_o he_o can_v give_v it_o no_o high_o a_o stile_n plato_n plato_n the_o divine_a member_n for_o what_o the_o heaven_n be_v in_o the_o world_n the_o same_o in_o man_n be_v the_o brain_n the_o heaven_n be_v the_o habitation_n of_o the_o supreme_a intelligence_n that_o be_v of_o god_n and_o the_o brain_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o be_v the_o demigod_n of_o this_o little-world_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o homer_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o heaven_n because_o as_o from_o the_o celestial_a comparison_n comparison_n influence_n all_o thing_n below_o it_o be_v move_v both_o in_o heaven_n and_o earth_n so_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n have_v sense_n and_o motion_n from_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o brain_n wherefore_o with_o galen_n we_o determine_v that_o the_o brain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o heart_n be_v a_o principal_a part_n not_o that_o we_o think_v as_o some_o do_v that_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o prince_n and_o king_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n no_o more_o than_o we_o think_v with_o aristotle_n that_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o most_o noble_a of_o all_o the_o part_n but_o part_n the_o brain_n not_o the_o prince_n but_o a_o principal_a part_n we_o say_v that_o as_o the_o heart_n be_v of_o great_a and_o most_o instant_a necessity_n for_o life_n so_o the_o place_n of_o dignity_n belong_v to_o the_o brain_n columbus_n give_v a_o elegant_a reason_n hereof_o take_v from_o generation_n the_o liver_n say_v he_o be_v engender_v by_o the_o mediation_n and_o help_n of_o the_o umbilicall_a vein_n reason_n columbus_n his_o reason_n the_o heart_n by_o the_o mediation_n and_o help_n of_o the_o umbilicall_a artery_n and_o these_o be_v engender_v by_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o womb_n but_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n do_v immediate_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o brain_n of_o the_o infant_n the_o brain_n be_v common_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr motu_fw-la musculorum_fw-la call_v brain_n the_o name_n of_o the_o brain_n it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o marrow_n of_o the_o head_n for_o a_o difference_n between_o it_o and_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o back_n which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o bone_n from_o which_o it_o much_o differ_v because_o it_o be_v not_o dissolve_v by_o fire_n nor_o consume_v in_o hunger_n nor_o contain_v in_o the_o skull_n to_o nourish_v it_o wherefore_o galen_n in_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o the_o 4._o chapter_n put_v a_o difference_n between_o it_o and_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o bone_n because_o this_o be_v fluxible_a and_o like_a unto_o fat_a neither_o cover_v with_o coat_n nor_o weave_a with_o ucine_n and_o artery_n neither_o have_v any_o communion_n with_o the_o muscle_n and_o nerve_n all_o which_o be_v contrary_a in_o the_o brain_n apollidorus_n think_v that_o none_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v give_v any_o name_n to_o the_o brain_n in_o any_o sophocles_n sophocles_n of_o their_o writing_n and_o that_o therefore_o sophocles_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o white_a marrow_n imitate_v therein_o plato_n who_o when_o he_o will_v give_v a_o name_n to_o the_o brain_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o true_a love_n the_o grecian_n say_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d even_o at_o the_o uppermost_a marrow_n or_o at_o the_o brane_n of_o the_o soul_n no_o doubt_n because_o they_o think_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v in_o the_o brain_n phrayse_fw-mi a_o greek_a phrayse_fw-mi it_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o head_n as_o in_o a_o castle_n most_o safe_a because_o of_o the_o defence_n thereof_o before_o mention_v as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v the_o high_a place_n &_o as_o it_o be_v the_o tribunal_n or_o throne_n of_o her_o body_n for_o as_o god_n who_o
soft_a and_o soft_a say_v galen_n in_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-fr usupartium_fw-la and_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n than_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la because_o it_o be_v the_o original_n of_o the_o soft_a nerve_n pertain_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o soft_a why_o soft_a sense_n but_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v the_o original_n of_o the_o hard_a nerve_n common_o think_v to_o be_v the_o nerve_n of_o motion_n in_o child_n the_o brain_n be_v so_o soft_a that_o it_o be_v fluid_a the_o reason_n of_o the_o softness_n be_v because_o it_o be_v to_o receive_v all_o the_o species_n or_o representation_n of_o the_o outward_a sense_n as_o also_o of_o the_o imagination_n and_o understanding_n for_o unless_o the_o alteration_n or_o impression_n that_o be_v make_v in_o any_o of_o the_o sense_n do_v proceed_v first_o from_o the_o brain_n and_o after_o return_v again_o unto_o it_o the_o creature_n have_v sense_n of_o nothing_o which_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o example_n of_o suâ—h_a as_o be_v take_v with_o the_o apopleixe_n wherefore_o see_v sensation_n be_v a_o passion_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o brain_n shall_v be_v of_o such_o a_o substance_n as_o be_v fit_a to_o receive_v the_o impression_n of_o other_o thing_n yet_o it_o behoove_v not_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o soft_a as_o that_o the_o impression_n make_v therein_o shall_v present_o sink_v fat_n why_o not_o like_a to_o fat_n away_o and_o be_v obliterated_a as_o it_o happen_v in_o water_n and_o other_o fluid_n body_n but_o that_o it_o shall_v have_v with_o the_o softness_n a_o kind_n of_o consistence_n of_o solidity_n which_o solidity_n be_v so_o exquisite_o mingle_v with_o the_o softness_n that_o the_o fire_n can_v melt_v it_o as_o it_o do_v fat_a or_o wax_n and_o such_o like_a to_o conclude_v it_o be_v like_o the_o substance_n of_o a_o nerve_n of_o which_o also_o his_o marrow_n be_v the_o original_n but_o a_o not_o why_o it_o melt_v not_o little_o soft_a hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr glandulis_n likn_v it_o unto_o a_o kernel_n because_o as_o a_o kernel_n it_o be_v white_a and_o friable_a and_o beside_o be_v of_o the_o same_o use_n to_o the_o head_n that_o a_o glandule_n will_v be_v draw_v up_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o low_a part_n which_o after_o vapour_n out_o by_o the_o suture_n of_o the_o skull_n the_o temperament_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v cold_a and_o moist_a as_o we_o may_v easy_o with_o galen_n in_o brain_n the_o temperament_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o 8._o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n conclude_v from_o the_o softness_n and_o moystnes_n of_o his_o substance_n wherefore_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o metropolis_n or_o chief_a seat_n of_o cold_a and_o glutinous_a moisture_n glutinous_a to_o hold_v and_o contain_v the_o subtle_a animal_n spirit_n which_o otherwise_o will_v soon_o vanish_v and_o decay_v and_o cold_a that_o the_o part_n ordain_v for_o the_o exercise_n of_o reason_n and_o therefore_o fulfil_v with_o hot_a spirit_n shall_v not_o easy_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n or_o inflame_v for_o when_o the_o brain_n by_o any_o accident_n or_o distemper_n grow_v hot_a as_o we_o see_v in_o phreniticall_a patient_n the_o motion_n thereof_o be_v furious_a and_o rage_a and_o the_o sleep_n turbulent_a and_o unquiet_a and_o indeed_o the_o head_n be_v very_a subject_n cold_a although_o thereof_o the_o reason_n thereof_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n to_o hot_a distemper_n partly_o because_o of_o the_o perpetual_a motion_n thereof_o and_o of_o the_o spirit_n partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundant_a vein_n and_o artery_n and_o great_a quantity_n of_o blood_n therein_o contain_v and_o final_o because_o whatsoever_o hot_a thing_n be_v in_o the_o body_n either_o natural_a or_o unnatural_a if_o it_o be_v inordinate_o move_v fly_v up_o unto_o the_o brain_n or_o at_o lest_o send_v hot_a vapour_n unto_o it_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o substance_n &_o part_n of_o the_o brain_n as_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o original_a and_o seat_n of_o all_o the_o animal_n facuty_n so_o for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o same_o it_o have_v diverse_a and_o different_a part_n cast_v into_o part_n why_o the_o brain_n have_v diverse_a part_n sundry_a mould_n which_o we_o will_v now_o take_v view_n of_o according_a to_o anatomicall_a method_n always_o remember_v that_o by_o the_o brain_n we_o understande_v whatsoever_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o scull_n and_o compass_v about_o by_o the_o hard_a and_o thin_a membrane_n the_o brain_n therefore_o we_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n for_o first_o it_o be_v part_v into_o a_o forepart_n part_n 3_o part_n and_o a_o hinde-part_n by_o the_o dura_fw-la meninx_n quadruplicate_v or_o foure-foulded_n the_o forepart_n because_o it_o be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o principal_a for_o in_o it_o the_o animal_n spirit_n forepart_n the_o forepart_n be_v especial_o labour_v retain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o be_v proper_o call_v cerebrum_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o hinder_a part_n be_v much_o lesser_a and_o be_v call_v by_o a_o diminutive_a word_n cerebellum_fw-la we_o call_v it_o the_o after-braine_n herophilus_n as_o galen_n witness_v in_o his_o 8._o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n and_o the_o 11._o chapter_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d again_o the_o forepart_n or_o the_o brain_n by_o the_o dura_fw-la meninx_n duplicate_v and_o resemble_v a_o subdivide_v subdivide_v mower_n since_o be_v part_v in_o the_o top_n throughout_o his_o whole_a length_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n one_o right_a another_o left_a tab_v 8._o fig._n 2._o from_o a_o to_o a_o tab_v 9_o fig._n 3._o from_o n_n to_o k._n this_o partition_n reach_v altogether_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o stay_v at_o that_o body_n which_o we_o call_v corpus_fw-la callosum_fw-la table_n 9_o figure_n 3._o at_o l_o l._n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o always_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v not_o pain_v but_o sometime_o one_o part_n sometime_o another_o sometime_o the_o whole_a head_n some_o say_v laurentius_n have_v dream_v that_o the_o brain_n be_v divide_v quite_o through_o but_o they_o be_v much_o deceive_v for_o the_o callous_a body_n unit_v the_o part_n together_o as_o for_o the_o after-braine_n though_o it_o be_v not_o unite_v to_o the_o brain_n yet_o be_v it_o in_o two_o place_n continue_v with_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o the_o same_o marrow_n by_o two_o originalle_n join_v unto_o the_o brain_n the_o use_n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v first_o out_o of_o vesalius_n and_o archangelus_n that_o the_o vesalius_n the_o use_n of_o this_o division_n out_o of_o vesalius_n brain_n may_v be_v better_o nourish_v for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o thin_a membrane_n together_o with_o the_o vesseles_a therethrough_a convey_v do_v insinuate_v themselves_o deep_a into_o the_o substance_n thereof_o for_o without_o this_o partition_n and_o those_o deep_a convolution_n which_o we_o see_v in_o it_o when_o it_o be_v cut_v it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v nourish_v the_o second_o use_n we_o will_v add_v out_o of_o laurentius_n to_o wit_n beside_o the_o nourishment_n for_o the_o better_a motion_n of_o the_o same_o for_o as_o water_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o move_v where_o it_o be_v deep_a as_o where_o iâ—_n laurentius_n out_o of_o laurentius_n be_v shallow_a so_o if_o the_o brain_n have_v be_v one_o entire_a massy_a substance_n it_o will_v not_o so_o willing_o and_o glad_o as_o we_o say_v have_v rise_v and_o fall_v in_o the_o systole_n and_o diastole_n the_o use_n of_o this_o division_n out_o of_o bauhine_n be_v more_o express_v for_o the_o safe_a conduct_n of_o the_o sinus_n or_o pipe_n of_o the_o hard_a meninx_n mention_v in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n from_o whence_o do_v issue_n baubine_n out_o of_o baubine_n small_a surcle_n of_o vessel_n to_o convey_v nourishment_n into_o the_o convolution_n of_o the_o brain_n for_o because_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v very_o great_a through_o which_o the_o capillarie_n vessel_n be_v to_o be_v disperse_v for_o his_o nourishment_n if_o the_o vessel_n themselves_o so_o small_a as_o they_o be_v vein_n and_o artery_n shall_v have_v pass_v from_o the_o backepart_n to_o the_o forepart_n from_o the_o right_a side_n to_o the_o left_a or_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o will_v in_o so_o long_a a_o journey_n through_o so_o soft_a and_o clammy_a a_o body_n have_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o break_v wherefore_o the_o brain_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n between_o which_o division_n there_o run_v four_o sinus_n or_o pipe_n of_o the_o hard_a meninx_n into_o which_o the_o internal_a jugular_a vein_n and_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n call_v carotides_n ascend_v from_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o noll_n of_o the_o head_n do_v pour_v their_o blood_n and_o spirit_n which_o be_v convey_v on_o either_o
than_o a_o creature_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o marrow_n proper_o so_o call_v but_o if_o you_o take_v it_o in_o the_o large_a signification_n than_o the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v that_o from_o it_o where_o it_o be_v include_v within_o the_o scull_n on_o both_o side_n shall_v issue_n seven_o coniugation_n or_o pair_n of_o nerve_n as_o be_v common_o think_v we_o say_v eight_o which_o be_v call_v the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n table_n 15_o fig._n 20_o â—_o g_o h_o i_o k_n m_o n_o o_o together_o with_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_v table_n 14_o fig._n 19_o d_o â—_o but_o as_o it_o consist_v in_o the_o spin_v without_o the_o skull_n there_o be_v produce_v therefrom_o thirty_o pair_n table_n 16_o fig._n 1_o even_o all_o the_o nerve_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o both_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n now_o it_o follow_v that_o we_o shall_v entreat_v of_o the_o nerve_n yssue_v therefrom_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o first_o of_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_a call_v processus_n mammillare_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o after-braine_n &_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n be_v thus_o manifest_v it_o remain_v that_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o nerve_n proceed_v from_o sense_n the_o 5._o sense_n each_o of_o they_o and_o first_o of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n whereas_o therefore_o there_o be_v five_o outward_a sense_n the_o sight_n the_o smell_n the_o hear_v the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch_v which_o from_o the_o brain_n itself_o or_o rather_o from_o the_o marrow_n thereof_o do_v receive_v by_o nerve_n as_o it_o be_v by_o channel_n some_o of_o they_o the_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n nerve_n and_o their_o nerve_n alone_o some_o of_o they_o of_o sensation_n and_o motion_n together_o which_o nerve_n be_v say_v thence_o to_o arise_v as_o from_o a_o principle_n of_o dispensation_n &_o radication_n from_o whence_o they_o bring_v the_o sensative_a and_o move_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n to_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v very_o fit_a that_o in_o this_o place_n we_o shall_v deliver_v their_o history_n we_o will_v therefore_o begin_v with_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_v although_o the_o nose_n be_v the_o way_n &_o path_n of_o smell_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_v neither_o yet_o his_o bindmost_a coat_n but_o far_a within_o the_o skull_n there_o be_v certain_a process_n or_o production_n esteem_v for_o the_o very_a organ_n of_o this_o sense_n which_o the_o anatomist_n look_v only_o upon_o their_o prominent_a part_n have_v call_v processus_n mammillare_v and_o some_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_v under_o which_o title_n galen_n have_v write_v of_o they_o at_o large_a these_o be_v two_o some_o thing_n like_o nerve_n but_o situate_v in_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o brain_n they_o be_v white_a soft_a and_o broad_a than_o nerve_n be_v notwithstanding_o like_o nerve_n they_o be_v round_o and_o slender_a in_o man_n they_o be_v very_o small_a in_o beast_n as_o ox_n goat_n sheep_n and_o dog_n they_o be_v much_o large_a original_n why_o be_v ast_n smell_v better_a than_o man_n their_o original_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o these_o creature_n have_v this_o sense_n of_o smell_a more_o exquisite_a than_o man_n these_o process_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o marrowey_a substance_n of_o the_o brain_n in_o his_o basis_n tab_v 17_o tab._n 17._o fig._n 1._o show_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o after-braine_n free_v from_o their_o membrane_n that_o the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n may_v be_v better_o perceive_v fig._n 2._o show_v one_o side_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o afterbrain_n the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o the_o nerve_n tabula_fw-la xvii_o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o coniugation_n albeit_o in_o a_o particular_a discourse_n hereafter_o follow_v we_o intend_v more_o district_o and_o careful_o to_o prosecute_v the_o nature_n and_o divarication_n of_o nerve_n in_o general_a and_o every_o one_o in_o particular_a yet_o because_o all_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o head_n have_v their_o original_n from_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o we_o can_v choose_v in_o this_o place_n but_o make_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o though_o nerve_n the_o optic_a nerve_n it_o be_v the_o brief_a the_o first_o conjugation_n therefore_o of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o optic_n table_n 17._o figure_n 1._o and_o 2._o g_o large_a and_o soft_a than_o all_o other_o simple_a nerve_n large_a because_o they_o be_v sensible_o perforate_v soft_a because_o they_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o basis_n whence_o proceed_v forward_o with_o a_o slow_a course_n they_o be_v unite_v above_o the_o saddle_n of_o the_o wedgebone_n tab_v 17._o figure_n 1._o h_o table_n 14._o figure_n 19_o o_o and_o so_o make_v a_o common_a body_n after_o be_v again_o separate_v table_n 14._o figure_n 19_o m_o n_n table_n 17._o figure_n 1._o above_o h_n they_o pass_v oblique_o forward_o through_o their_o proper_a hole_n table_n 4._o figure_n 10._o b_o the_o one_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o right_a eye_n the_o other_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o left_a ta_fw-la 3._o lib._n 8._o fig._n 8._o ah_o or_o together_o with_o the_o membrane_n fig._n 2._o abc_n substance_n their_o double_a substance_n they_o consist_v of_o a_o double_a substance_n the_o one_o marrowey_a the_o other_o membranous_a the_o marrowey_a be_v soft_a like_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o you_o shall_v perceive_v to_o issue_n if_o it_o be_v marrowey_a marrowey_a hard_o press_v and_o of_o this_o marrowy_a substance_n dilate_v in_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v that_o coat_n make_v which_o of_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o net_n be_v call_v retina_fw-la tunica_fw-la tab._n 17._o fig._n 1_o and_o 2._o i_o and_o this_o compass_v the_o glassy_a humour_n like_o a_o sphere_n membrane_n their_o membrane_n it_o have_v two_o membrane_n from_o the_o two_o meninge_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o thin_a membrane_n invest_v it_o from_o the_o original_n to_o his_o outlet_a from_o the_o skull_n the_o thick_a meninx_n be_v add_v to_o it_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o so_o the_o thick_a membrane_n degenerate_v into_o the_o horny_a coat_n the_o thin_a be_v consume_v or_o spend_v in_o the_o vuea_n and_o so_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v transport_v through_o the_o continuation_n of_o this_o nerve_n unto_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n which_o be_v the_o hole_n of_o the_o grapie_a membrane_n they_o be_v call_v therefore_o optic_a nerve_n from_o their_o action_n because_o they_o communicate_v to_o the_o eye_n the_o sense_n of_o see_v the_o second_o conjugation_n be_v of_o the_o nerve_n which_o move_v the_o eye_n table_n 18._o figure_n 1._o and_o 2._o fraine_n the_o 2._o coniugation_n of_o the_o move_a nerve_n their_o fraine_n â—_o tab_v 15._o figure_n 20._o g_o which_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o former_a only_o by_o a_o little_a and_o thin_a bone_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o brain_n tab_v 25._o fig._n 1._o c_o a_o little_a behind_o the_o former_a as_o vesalius_n say_v this_o be_v small_a and_o slendere_a by_o much_o then_o be_v the_o optic_a as_o also_o hard_o because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o muscle_n it_o yssu_v by_o a_o proper_a hole_n of_o his_o own_o tab_v 4._o fig._n 10._o g_o which_o be_v the_o second_o of_o the_o wedgebone_n where_o after_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o notable_a branch_n which_o be_v send_v into_o the_o muscle_n in_o some_o body_n though_o it_o be_v but_o seldom_o they_o send_v small_a this_o note_v this_o twig_n to_o the_o temporal_a muscle_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o sometime_o if_o that_o muscle_n be_v offend_v the_o eye_n also_o suffer_v with_o it_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_n their_o use_n be_v to_o afford_v to_o the_o muscle_n the_o faculty_n of_o motion_n as_o also_o a_o draw_v power_n to_o their_o membrane_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o when_o one_o eye_n be_v move_v to_o the_o side_n the_o other_o also_o together_o their_o use_n why_o both_o eye_n move_v together_o necessary_o follow_v be_v because_o these_o nerve_n be_v continue_v one_o with_o another_o in_o their_o original_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o three_o and_o four_o coniugation_n of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o three_o conjugation_n tab._n 19_o fig._n 1_o and_o 2_o i._n ta._n 15_o fig._n 20_o h_n be_v send_v unto_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o face_n &_o be_v common_o call_v the_o small_a root_n of_o the_o three_o conjugation_n the_o 3._o conjugation_n pair_n but_o it_o deserve_v we_o think_v to_o be_v a_o particular_a conjugation_n because_o it_o be_v not_o join_v with_o the_o follow_a pair_n tab._n 15._o
the_o original_n of_o all_o the_o sinew_n shall_v be_v but_o one_o simple_a and_o single_a original_n for_o if_o all_o the_o artery_n and_o vein_n be_v reduce_v to_o one_o original_a the_o artery_n to_o the_o heart_n the_o vein_n to_o the_o liver_n it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o nature_n that_o the_o nerve_n also_o shall_v proceed_v from_o one_o original_a because_o these_o be_v three_o common_a organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o the_o body_n through_o which_o the_o animal_n vital_a and_o natural_a faculty_n be_v by_o the_o help_n of_o spirit_n transport_v together_o with_o the_o vital_a &_o natural_a blood_n and_o this_o both_o hypocrates_n &_o plato_n seem_v to_o have_v know_v hypocrates_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la ossium_fw-la write_v that_o the_o original_a much_o hipp._n &_o plato_n insinuate_v so_o much_o of_o sinew_n be_v from_o the_o occipitium_fw-la which_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o afterbrain_n and_o plato_n in_o timaeo_n speak_v of_o all_o the_o sinew_n write_v that_o god_n dispose_v the_o nerve_n about_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o head_n and_o compass_v they_o with_o a_o spinal_a marrow_n which_o be_v of_o a_o substance_n like_a unto_o they_o now_o the_o original_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n be_v to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o brain_n why_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o brain_n brain_n tab._n 25._o fig._n 2._o b_o c_o and_o character_n 4._o do_v manifest_o show_v it_o because_o through_o it_o as_o it_o be_v through_o a_o common_a watercourse_n the_o spirit_n which_o be_v perfect_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v into_o other_o riveret_n and_o so_o into_o the_o whole_a body_n wherefore_o their_o beginning_n be_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o brain_n near_o the_o storehouse_n or_o shop_n of_o the_o spirit_n whence_o they_o may_v receive_v they_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o full_a stream_n like_v as_o anatomy_n teach_v we_o that_o the_o artery_n and_o the_o vein_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o liver_n it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o this_o trunk_n which_o here_o we_o call_v the_o spinal_a marrow_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v that_o denomination_n till_o it_o have_v attain_v into_o the_o vertebra_n or_o rackebone_n of_o the_o chine_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v improper_o say_v that_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v arise_v from_o objection_n objection_n the_o spinall_n marrow_n we_o answer_v that_o we_o have_v before_o sufficient_o satisfy_v this_o doubt_n in_o the_o 15._o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n yet_o for_o further_a contentment_n if_o they_o will_v be_v content_v with_o reason_n we_o answer_v by_o instance_n do_v not_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o sight_n hear_v and_o of_o instance_n answer_v by_o instance_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n receyve_v their_o name_n from_o the_o organ_n to_o which_o they_o be_v destinate_a before_o they_o touch_v those_o organ_n yea_o whilst_o they_o remain_v within_o the_o scull_n so_o also_o this_o marrow_n may_v be_v call_v the_o marrow_n of_o the_o back_n or_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n before_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o spine_n for_o whilst_o it_o remain_v within_o the_o scull_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o brain_n and_o in_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v proper_a fibres_n belong_v to_o itself_o alone_o of_o the_o after-braine_n or_o cerebellum_fw-la table_n 25._o fig._n 1._o show_v the_o brain_n take_v out_o of_o the_o skull_n separate_v from_o the_o dura_n meninx_n and_o invert_v who_o right_a side_n exhibit_v the_o original_a of_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n and_o the_o seven_o coniugation_n of_o the_o sinew_n of_o the_o brain_n according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a receive_a opinion_n but_o the_o left_a side_n show_v their_o true_a original_n fig._n 2._o show_v the_o brain_n invert_v &_o the_o part_n thereof_o in_o the_o basis_n distract_v as_o also_o the_o original_a of_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n out_o of_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o after-braine_n the_o largeness_n of_o the_o ventricle_n and_o the_o original_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n out_o of_o the_o marrow_n tabula_fw-la xxv_o fig_n i._o fig_n two_o the_o second_o figure_n a._n the_o right_a part_n of_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n reflect_v upward_o to_o his_o own_o side_n that_o so_o the_o original_n thereof_o which_o be_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricle_n may_v be_v perceyve_v c_o b._n the_o beginning_n of_o this_o marrow_n as_o it_o respect_v the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o ventricle_n d_o e._n the_o optic_a nerve_n reflect_v about_o the_o root_n of_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n f_o g_o h._n the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o ventricle_n f_z show_v the_o anterior_a g_o the_o middle_a and_o h_o the_o posterior_n cavity_n hollow_v in_o the_o brain_n i_o k._n the_o complication_n of_o vessel_n call_v plexus_fw-la choroide_v about_o the_o root_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n in_o the_o ventricle_n l_o m._n a_o portion_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o together_o with_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n make_v the_o cleave_a which_o enter_v into_o the_o ventricle_n n_z o._n the_o length_n of_o the_o callous_a body_n which_o join_v together_o the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o brain_n p_o q_o r._n portion_n of_o the_o brain_n reflect_v backward_o that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricle_n may_v better_o be_v perceyve_v this_o process_n be_v a_o very_a notable_a one_o tab_v 25_o figure_n 1_o k_o arise_v on_o either_o side_n out_o of_o the_o bridge_n the_o process_n call_v the_o bridge_n cerebellum_fw-la near_o the_o trunk_n whereof_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n be_v amass_v and_o run_v overthwart_o forward_a and_o downward_o by_o the_o mediation_n whereof_o this_o after-braine_n embrace_v the_o forepart_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o the_o transuersall_a or_o overthwart_a muscle_n of_o the_o larynx_n make_v the_o three_o pair_n of_o common_a muscle_n do_v embrace_v the_o backpart_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o oesophagus_fw-la or_o gullet_n and_o thence_o be_v call_v oesophagaei_fw-la and_o this_o process_n be_v distinguish_v by_o a_o course_n of_o overthwart_a fibre_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o eminency_n from_o the_o right_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n this_o process_n varollius_n call_v pontem_fw-la cerebelli_fw-la the_o bridge_n of_o the_o after-braine_n from_o the_o similitude_n it_o have_v with_o a_o bridge_n because_o under_o it_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n run_v as_o a_o stream_n run_v under_o a_o bridge_n at_o this_o process_n the_o nerve_n of_o hear_v hang_v and_o hence_o arise_v table_n 25_o fig._n 1_o two_o so_o that_o we_o may_v bold_o avouch_v that_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v also_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v bridge_n how_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o bridge_n and_o this_o beginning_n of_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n teach_v we_o the_o cause_n why_o more_o from_o their_o infancy_n be_v deaf_a then_o destitute_a of_o any_o other_o sense_n for_o because_o the_o nerve_n proceed_v from_o the_o afterbrain_n and_o run_v no_o long_a course_n they_o be_v easy_o fill_v and_o choke_v with_o mucous_a and_o slimy_a excrement_n &_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n as_o say_v cassius_n in_o his_o 17_o problem_n why_o child_n from_o their_o resolve_v two_o pretty_a question_n resolve_v infancy_n loose_v their_o hear_n of_o both_o ear_n together_o whereas_o upon_o a_o accidental_a disease_n it_o be_v more_o usual_a to_o have_v one_o alone_o vitiate_a see_v therefore_o almost_o half_o of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o this_o process_n or_o bridge_n from_o which_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n arise_v do_v proceed_v from_o the_o after-braine_n varollius_n think_v that_o galen_n have_v great_a wrong_n to_o be_v tax_v by_o the_o late_a writer_n when_o as_o they_o affirm_v against_o neoteric_o galen_n injure_v by_o the_o neoteric_o he_o that_o no_o nerve_n have_v his_o original_n from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la for_o say_v he_o some_o nerve_n arise_v only_o from_o the_o brain_n and_o not_o from_o the_o after-braine_n as_o the_o optic_a sinew_n some_o from_o the_o after-braine_n only_o and_o not_o from_o the_o brain_n as_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n some_o from_o they_o both_o together_o as_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o spin_v but_o no_o nerve_n arise_v immediate_o out_o of_o any_o of_o the_o two_o varollius_n varollius_n principle_n but_o all_o out_o of_o their_o own_o principle_n either_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n or_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o that_o transuerse_a process_n which_o we_o call_v the_o bridge_n of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o eye_n next_o follow_v the_o nerve_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o because_o there_o be_v two_o pair_n of_o they_o the_o one_o called_z optici_fw-la the_o
the_o soul_n creep_v into_o a_o man_n be_v mingle_v of_o fire_n and_o water_n whereby_o the_o soul_n i_o understand_v the_o heat_n thorough_o dew_v or_o moisten_a with_o the_o inbred_a and_o primigenie_n moisture_n and_o the_o spirit_n and_o that_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr cord_n by_o the_o soul_n he_o understand_v the_o heat_n those_o word_n do_v declare_v where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v nourish_v by_o the_o most_o pure_a and_o defaecated_a blood_n now_o in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr diaeta_fw-la he_o write_v that_o the_o soul_n can_v be_v alter_v neither_o by_o meat_n nor_o drink_n which_o place_n because_o it_o be_v as_o bright_a be_v the_o sun_n in_o his_o strength_n and_o worthy_a to_o be_v write_v in_o golden_a letter_n we_o will_v here_o transcribe_v soul_n a_o elegant_a place_n of_o hip._n concern_v the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n whereby_o the_o soul_n be_v alter_v be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o passage_n through_o which_o it_o penetrate_v for_o as_o the_o vessel_n be_v affect_v whereinto_o it_o retyre_v and_o to_o which_o it_o fall_v and_o with_o which_o it_o be_v mix_v such_o be_v their_o condition_n and_o therefore_o we_o can_v alter_v they_o by_o diet_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o alter_v or_o change_v the_o invisible_a nature_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr morbo_fw-la sacro_fw-la he_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o heart_n there_o be_v no_o wisdom_n or_o intelligence_n all_o say_v he_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o brain_n from_o the_o brain_n we_o understand_v it_o and_o grow_v mad_a as_o it_o be_v hot_a or_o dryer_n or_o cold_a galen_n in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la convince_v by_o many_o argument_n that_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o all_o the_o animal_n faculty_n and_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la galen_n galen_n affectis_fw-la according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vulgar_a he_o account_v that_o man_n foolish_a that_o want_v brain_n for_o the_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n we_o will_v add_v a_o elegant_a argument_n out_o of_o philo._n wheresoever_o the_o king_n guard_n be_v there_o be_v the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n who_o they_o do_v argument_n philo_z his_o argument_n guard_n but_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o be_v all_o the_o organ_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v place_v in_o the_o head_n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o citadel_n or_o sconce_n there_o therefore_o do_v the_o soul_n keep_v her_o court_n there_o be_v her_o residence_n of_o estate_n if_o therefore_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n be_v place_v in_o the_o brain_n the_o intellectual_a must_v be_v there_o also_o because_o as_o say_v the_o philosopher_n the_o office_n of_o the_o intellectual_a faculty_n be_v to_o behold_v and_o contemplate_v the_o phantasm_n or_o image_n which_o by_o the_o sense_n be_v represent_v unto_o it_o we_o resolve_v and_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o all_o the_o animal_n faculty_n as_o well_o sensative_a as_o principal_a qvest._n ii_o whether_o the_o principal_a faculty_n have_v distinct_a place_n in_o the_o brain_n see_v therefore_o the_o principal_a faculty_n be_v there_o imagination_n reason_n be_v what_o a_o principal_a faculty_n be_v and_o memory_n and_o that_o their_o seat_n or_o habitation_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v the_o brain_n let_v we_o now_o inquire_v whether_o they_o have_v distinct_a &_o particular_a mansion_n provide_v for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr arteparua_n define_v principal_a function_n to_o be_v such_o as_o issue_n only_o from_o a_o principle_n and_o in_o the_o second_o de_fw-fr locis_fw-la affectis_fw-la he_o add_v which_o be_v accomplish_v by_o no_o other_o part_n as_o by_o a_o organ_n and_o instrument_n and_o yet_o more_o plain_o in_o the_o 7._o book_n de_fw-la placitis_fw-la hip._n &_o plat._n which_o be_v only_o in_o the_o brain_n and_o thence_o do_v proceed_v not_o receive_v their_o operation_n from_o any_o other_o organ_n of_o sense_n or_o motion_n the_o whole_a school_n of_o the_o arabian_n have_v imagine_v certain_a mansion_n in_o the_o brain_n seat_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o arabian_n that_o they_o have_v distinct_a seat_n and_o assign_v to_o every_o particular_a faculty_n a_o particular_a seat_n and_o this_o be_v avicen_n his_o opinion_n fen._n 1_o primi_fw-la doctrina_fw-la 6_o cap_n 5._o as_o also_o auerrhoe_v in_o his_o canticle_n his_o book_n de_fw-fr memoria_fw-la et_fw-la reminiscentia_fw-la and_o in_fw-la colliget_fw-la they_o place_v therefore_o the_o fantasy_n in_o the_o forward_a ventricle_n reason_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o memory_n in_o the_o hinder_a ventricle_n and_o this_o opinion_n may_v be_v establish_v by_o many_o argument_n on_o this_o manner_n almost_o all_o the_o sense_n be_v place_v in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n wherefore_o argument_n the_o first_o 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do_v demonstrate_v because_o if_o one_o of_o they_o be_v offend_v yea_o or_o perish_v utter_o yet_o the_o other_o may_v remain_v untainted_a or_o unaffected_a for_o it_o oftentimes_o happen_v that_o the_o imagination_n be_v vitiate_a and_o yet_o the_o intellectual_a faculty_n not_o at_o all_o deprave_a for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o we_o have_v many_o elegant_a history_n in_o galen_n as_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n the_o symtomatum_n history_n history_n differentijs_fw-la and_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la affectis_fw-la theophylus_fw-la be_v otherwise_o able_a to_o discourse_v very_o well_o have_v yet_o a_o imagination_n that_o there_o be_v fiddler_n in_o the_o corner_n of_o his_o chamber_n and_o continual_o cry_v to_o have_v they_o thrust_v out_o another_o be_v phreniticall_a lock_v the_o door_n of_o his_o chamber_n to_o he_o and_o carry_v all_o the_o vessel_n to_o the_o window_n where_o give_v every_o vessel_n his_o proper_a name_n he_o ask_v those_o that_o pass_v by_o whether_o they_o will_v command_v he_o to_o cast_v they_o out_o thucydides_n report_v that_o when_o the_o plague_n be_v so_o hot_a throughout_o all_o graecia_n and_o peloponnesus_n that_o many_o do_v so_o utter_o forget_v what_o they_o have_v know_v before_o that_o they_o do_v not_o remember_v their_o parent_n or_o familiar_a friend_n in_o these_o man_n therefore_o only_o the_o memory_n be_v offend_v in_o theophilus_n only_o the_o imagination_n and_o in_o he_o that_o be_v phreniticall_a only_o the_o intellectual_a faculty_n or_o understanding_n moreover_o unless_o the_o principal_a faculty_n have_v several_a seat_n why_o be_v there_o diverse_a ventricle_n argument_n the_o 4._o argument_n or_o cavity_n make_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o why_o be_v one_o of_o they_o more_o noble_a than_o another_o unless_o it_o be_v because_o it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o more_o noble_a faculty_n we_o will_v also_o add_v a_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o secret_n
the_o palsy_n in_o the_o sound_n part_v not_o in_o the_o affect_a reason_n another_o reason_n because_o nature_n use_v to_o avoid_v the_o excrementitious_a humour_n by_o the_o wound_n as_o sometime_o by_o a_o flux_n of_o blood_n sometime_o by_o quitture_v sometime_o by_o medicine_n which_o draw_v away_o and_o exhaust_v the_o humour_n either_o sensible_o or_o insensible_o so_o that_o the_o affect_a part_n be_v well_o purge_v by_o some_o or_o more_o of_o these_o mean_n but_o the_o opposite_a part_n which_o be_v not_o expurged_a be_v easy_o affect_v either_o by_o sympathy_n or_o when_o the_o matter_n be_v transmit_v or_o fall_v upon_o it_o some_o think_v that_o almost_o all_o the_o spirit_n do_v flow_v to_o the_o part_n wherein_o the_o tumour_n or_o inflammation_n another_o another_o be_v whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o opposite_a part_n be_v defraud_v of_o they_o be_v resolve_v qvest._n vii_o what_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n what_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o generation_n and_o the_o place_n thereof_o we_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o strong_a argument_n that_o to_o motion_n &_o sense_n be_v requite_v not_o only_o a_o influence_n of_o a_o faculty_n but_o also_o of_o a_o corporeal_a spirit_n now_o what_o name_n we_o shall_v give_v this_o spirit_n what_o his_o nature_n be_v what_o be_v the_o manner_n and_o place_n of_o his_o generation_n we_o will_v brief_o declare_v galen_n call_v this_o spirit_n every_o where_fw-mi animalem_fw-la the_o animal_n spirit_n because_o galen_n what_o be_v the_o animal_n spirit_n galen_n the_o soul_n use_v it_o as_o her_o immediate_a organ_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o the_o animal_n function_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n and_o those_o which_o we_o common_o call_v principal_a this_o spirit_n in_o the_o 17._o chapter_n of_o his_o sixth_o book_n de_fw-fr vsu_fw-la partium_fw-la he_o desine_v to_o be_v a_o exhalation_n of_o pure_a blood_n some_o think_v it_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o live_a brain_n yea_o both_o a_o similar_v and_o a_o organical_a part_n similar_v as_o it_o have_v a_o certain_a and_o design_a temper_n organical_a as_o it_o be_v thin_a lucid_a subtle_a pure_a and_o moovable_a this_o spirit_n some_o have_v think_v do_v not_o differ_v in_o kind_n and_o nature_n from_o the_o vital_a but_o only_o in_o accident_n as_o in_o temperament_n place_n the_o original_a à _fw-fr quo_fw-la and_o the_o manner_n of_o diffusion_n for_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v moist_a and_o more_o temperate_a the_o vital_a hot_a the_o animal_n come_v from_o the_o brain_n the_o vital_a from_o the_o heart_n the_o animal_n be_v disperse_v through_o the_o nerve_n for_o motion_n and_o sense_n the_o vital_a through_o the_o artery_n to_o maintain_v the_o life_n we_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o these_o two_o spirit_n be_v of_o a_o diverse_a form_n and_o kind_a as_o chylification_n be_v diverse_a from_o sanguification_n for_o the_o organ_n be_v diverse_a the_o faculty_n diverse_a diverse_a kind_n the_o vital_a and_o animal_n spirit_n differ_v in_o form_n &_o kind_n be_v the_o manner_n of_o generation_n and_o as_o the_o aliment_n by_o a_o new_a concoction_n receive_v a_o new_a form_n and_o so_o a_o new_a denomination_n so_o be_v it_o with_o the_o spirit_n galen_n in_o a_o thousand_o place_n distinguish_v this_o animal_n from_o the_o vital_a spirit_n whatsoever_o some_o new_a writer_n say_v to_o the_o contrary_n in_o the_o 5._o chapter_n of_o the_o 12._o book_n of_o his_o method_n the_o animal_n spirit_n say_v he_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o brain_n as_o out_o of_o his_o fountain_n the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o vital_a spirit_n be_v not_o evident_a but_o yet_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o artery_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o natural_a spirit_n that_o be_v include_v in_o the_o liver_n and_o the_o vein_n in_o the_o 7._o chap_n of_o his_o 3._o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la affect_n be_v gal._n say_v galen_n diverse_a place_n in_o galen_n the_o epilepsy_n happen_v in_o the_o brain_n when_o the_o humour_n hinder_v the_o animal_n spirit_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o ventricle_n thereof_o that_o it_o can_v have_v issue_n out_o in_o the_o 10._o chapter_n of_o his_o 16._o book_n de_fw-fr usupartium_fw-la the_o complication_n of_o the_o artery_n do_v nourish_v the_o animal_n spirit_n contain_v in_o the_o brain_n which_o differ_v much_o in_o nature_n from_o other_o spirit_n in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o 7._o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la hip._n &_o plat._n the_o spirit_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o artery_n be_v indeed_o vital_a and_o so_o be_v also_o call_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o brain_n be_v animal_n not_o that_o it_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o soul_n first_fw-mi and_o most_o immediate_a instrument_n the_o same_o also_o he_o write_v in_o the_o 4._o chapter_n of_o his_o 9_o book_n de_fw-fr usupartium_fw-la in_o the_o 8._o chapter_n of_o the_o 9_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la hip._n &_o plat._n and_o in_o the_o 5._o chapter_n of_o the_o nine_o book_n de_fw-fr utilitate_fw-la respirationis_fw-la by_o all_o which_o place_n we_o may_v gather_v that_o galen_n make_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o vital_a and_o the_o animal_n spirit_n and_o true_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o animal_n spirit_n it_o be_v very_o necessary_a spirit_n the_o necessity_n &_o use_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n first_o to_o convey_v unto_o the_o part_n the_o faculty_n of_o motion_n and_o sense_n which_o be_v not_o fix_v in_o they_o and_o again_o that_o we_o may_v be_v more_o apprehensive_a of_o outward_a accident_n for_o see_v that_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n ought_v to_o be_v affect_v on_o the_o sudden_a by_o sensible_a thing_n it_o be_v fit_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v altogether_o solid_a but_o hove_v and_o fulfil_v with_o spirit_n that_o they_o may_v the_o soon_o be_v alter_v moreover_o these_o spirit_n do_v transfer_v the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o all_o outward_a thing_n perceive_v by_o the_o outward_a sense_n unto_o the_o brain_n as_o unto_o a_o censor_n or_o judge_n the_o same_o spirit_n do_v conceive_v in_o the_o brain_n the_o image_n of_o those_o outward_a thing_n so_o that_o the_o animal_n spirit_n may_v be_v call_v the_o place_n and_o promptuarie_n of_o the_o species_n or_o form_n so_o in_o the_o vertigo_n or_o giddiness_n neither_o the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o the_o image_n of_o it_o nor_o any_o thing_n beside_o vertigo_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o vertigo_n the_o spirit_n be_v roll_v about_o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o thing_n seem_v to_o he_o that_o be_v so_o affect_v to_o run_v round_o wherefore_o this_o spirit_n be_v necessary_a both_o for_o motion_n and_o sense_n as_o for_o the_o principal_a faculty_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o their_o function_n the_o brain_n use_v the_o ministry_n and_o help_n of_o this_o spirit_n so_o that_o it_o work_v both_o within_o the_o brain_n and_o without_o the_o brain_n within_o the_o brain_n it_o help_v the_o principal_a faculty_n without_o the_o brain_n it_o confert_v motion_n and_o sense_n now_o it_o be_v not_o only_a abide_n in_o the_o ventricle_n but_o also_o in_o the_o pore_n and_o in_o the_o whole_a marrowy_a substance_n of_o the_o brain_n so_o that_o in_o the_o pore_n and_o substance_n it_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o principal_a faculty_n in_o the_o ventricle_n it_o serve_v more_o immediate_o for_o sense_n and_o motion_n furthermore_o this_o spirit_n which_o be_v the_o immediate_a organ_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n and_o of_o the_o manifold_a how_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v manifold_a principal_a faculty_n be_v indeed_o of_o one_o kind_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v esteem_v manifold_a according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o object_n and_o instrument_n where_o about_o it_o be_v employ_v which_o thing_n artsntotle_n elegant_o have_v teach_v we_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o his_o 5._o book_n the_o generatione_n animalium_fw-la the_o spirit_n say_v he_o in_o natural_a thing_n be_v like_o the_o hammer_n in_o the_o art_n of_o the_o smith_n that_o be_v to_o say_v but_o one_o instrument_n yet_o profitable_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o many_o office_n actuarius_n compare_v it_o to_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o though_o they_o be_v all_o of_o one_o kind_n yet_o they_o become_v unlike_a when_o they_o light_v upon_o different_a colour_n it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o shall_v manifest_v unto_o you_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n spirit_n the_o matter_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o generation_n the_o matter_n of_o it_o be_v double_a air_n and_o the_o vital_a spirit_n the_o air_n be_v draw_v in_o by_o the_o nostril_n the_o vital_a spirit_n be_v convey_v through_o the_o artery_n call_v carotide_n and_o ceruicale_n into_o the_o
as_o it_o be_v of_o kin_n unto_o she_o but_o the_o vapour_n be_v stranger_n or_o rather_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o they_o exhale_v and_o be_v condense_v or_o thicken_v another_o reason_n if_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o brain_n do_v forsake_v the_o artery_n and_o be_v transfuse_v into_o the_o ventricles_n second_o the_o second_o see_v in_o the_o three_o ventricle_n there_o be_v two_o passage_n one_o forward_a and_o another_o backward_o why_o do_v they_o rather_o pass_v backward_o then_o forward_o whereby_o shall_v it_o be_v conduct_v after_o it_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o artery_n so_o that_o it_o move_v in_o a_o right_a line_n and_o that_o without_o any_o violence_n answer_v answer_v but_o with_o a_o easy_a and_o gentle_a motion_n into_o the_o four_o ventricle_n i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v the_o soul_n that_o direct_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o that_o it_o be_v diffuse_v into_o this_o part_n rather_o than_o into_o the_o other_o because_o it_o be_v the_o soul_n good_a pleasure_n so_o to_o command_v three_o it_o seem_v not_o consonant_a to_o reason_n that_o a_o spirit_n shall_v be_v generate_v &_o contain_v in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o brain_n because_o those_o ventricles_n be_v ordain_v for_o the_o three_o the_o three_o expurgation_n of_o superfluity_n i_o answer_v that_o nature_n use_v one_o part_n for_o diverse_a use_n for_o as_o answer_v answer_v the_o nose_n be_v primary_o create_v for_o smell_v and_o the_o inspiration_n of_o aer_fw-la and_o secondary_o for_o the_o expurgation_n of_o the_o brain_n so_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o forward_a ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v primary_o make_v for_o the_o preparation_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o secondary_o to_o avoid_v excrement_n four_o that_o whereas_o one_o eye_n be_v shut_v the_o apple_n of_o the_o other_o be_v dilate_v it_o argue_v four_o the_o four_o that_o the_o spirit_n be_v not_o transport_v by_o the_o nerve_n but_o by_o the_o artery_n for_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n yea_o betwixt_o they_o be_v interpose_v many_o boddy_n answer_v answer_v and_o those_o very_a thick_a to_o wit_n the_o crystalline_a and_o the_o waterish_a humour_n through_o which_o the_o spirit_n in_o such_o a_o moment_n can_v pass_v for_o if_o it_o can_v pierce_v through_o a_o drop_n of_o phlegm_n in_o the_o oppilation_n or_o stop_v of_o the_o optic_n which_o make_v the_o disease_n we_o call_v gutta_n jaerena_n how_o shall_v it_o pass_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n the_o spirit_n therefore_o yssu_v through_o the_o small_a artery_n which_o together_o with_o the_o grape-like_a coat_n be_v convygh_v to_o the_o pupilla_fw-la this_o reason_n will_v urge_v very_o much_o unless_o anatomy_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o the_o optic_a nerve_n when_o it_o come_v unto_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n do_v not_o there_o determine_v but_o be_v diffuse_v and_o amplify_v into_o that_o coat_n which_o be_v call_v reticularis_fw-la or_o the_o net_n now_o 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the_o spirit_n it_o be_v great_o controvert_v galen_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n de_fw-fr differentijs_fw-la pulsuum_fw-la faith_n that_o some_o think_v that_o the_o membrane_n only_o do_v beat_v other_o only_o the_o body_n of_o the_o brain_n other_o both_o the_o membrane_n and_o the_o brain_n itself_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o animal_n spirit_n only_o be_v move_v not_o the_o body_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o opinion_n the_o first_o opinion_n they_o illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o vertigo_n or_o giddiness_n wherein_o all_o thing_n seem_v to_o run_v round_o because_o of_o a_o inordinate_a and_o turbulent_a motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n the_o vulgar_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o brain_n be_v not_o move_v by_o any_o proper_a motion_n of_o it_o own_o but_o by_o a_o motion_n from_o 1._o that_o the_o brain_n be_v move_v
and_o not_o of_o the_o marrowy_a substance_n than_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o say_v that_o the_o brain_n be_v move_v because_o the_o artery_n 5._o reason_n 5._o be_v only_o move_v for_o so_o we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o stomach_n the_o gut_n and_o the_o spleen_n be_v move_v because_o the_o artery_n do_v beat_v every_o where_o and_o therefore_o if_o we_o imagine_v that_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v distend_v by_o the_o diastole_n of_o the_o artery_n why_o shall_v we_o not_o believe_v also_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n do_v beat_v because_o they_o have_v all_o proportionable_o as_o many_o artery_n final_o the_o process_n call_v vermi-formis_a the_o conarion_n and_o the_o buttock_n of_o the_o brain_n do_v show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o peculiar_a motion_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o 6._o reason_n 6._o the_o artery_n for_o the_o wormy_a process_n be_v make_v short_a open_v the_o way_n which_o be_v from_o 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the_o same_o reason_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o the_o brain_n for_o the_o heart_n stand_v need_n of_o last_o to_o the_o last_o fibres_n not_o for_o the_o traction_n and_o expulsion_n of_o air_n but_o of_o blood_n in_o the_o diastole_n the_o heart_n draw_v blood_n by_o the_o right_a fibres_fw-fr and_o the_o same_o blood_n it_o expel_v in_o the_o systole_n by_o the_o transuerse_a but_o the_o brain_n when_o it_o be_v move_v draw_v only_a air_n with_o most_o thin_a vital_a spirit_n for_o the_o traction_n whereof_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o help_n of_o fibres_n hence_o we_o think_v it_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a that_o the_o brain_n be_v move_v by_o a_o in_o breed_v faculty_n and_o not_o only_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o artery_n qvest._n x._o whether_o the_o brain_n have_v any_o sense_n it_o be_v a_o notable_a controversy_n among_o physician_n whether_o the_o brain_n have_v any_o sense_n or_o no._n that_o it_o have_v sense_n it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o authority_n experience_n and_o reason_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr vulneribus_fw-la capitis_fw-la resolve_v that_o it_o have_v sense_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o brain_n about_o the_o sinciput_fw-la do_v soon_o galen_n that_o the_o brain_n have_v sense_n the_o authority_n of_o hippocrates_n of_o galen_n and_o especial_o feel_v any_o inconvenience_n that_o be_v either_o in_o the_o flesh_n or_o in_o the_o bone_n galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr plenitudine_fw-la the_o brain_n say_v he_o and_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n be_v account_v among_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v sense_n and_o if_o in_o a_o frenzy_n no_o pain_n be_v feel_v it_o be_v because_o the_o mind_n be_v disquiet_v again_o in_o his_o book_n odoratus_fw-la organo_fw-la he_o attribute_v to_o the_o brain_n manifest_a sense_n moreover_o experience_n
and_o betwixt_o they_o run_v the_o nose_n as_o a_o strong_a wall_n under_o they_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o cheek_n stand_v out_o and_o at_o their_o side_n the_o hard_a bone_n of_o the_o temple_n they_o be_v immediate_o cover_v with_o soft_a lid_n that_o they_o may_v not_o impeach_v the_o delicacy_n of_o the_o instrument_n the_o uppermost_a be_v mooveable_a and_o very_a nimble_a which_o do_v shut_v up_o the_o pupil_n as_o well_o in_o rest_n to_o refresh_v they_o as_o also_o when_o any_o outward_a injury_n be_v ready_a to_o annoie_v they_o the_o lowermost_a be_v immooveable_a or_o at_o least_o move_v insensible_o these_o lid_n be_v again_o beard_v with_o hair_n whereby_o and_o wherein_o small_a body_n or_o mote_n which_o haply_o in_o their_o approach_n be_v not_o discern_v may_v be_v intercept_v the_o eye_n themselves_o have_v many_o muscle_n allow_v they_o whereby_o they_o be_v move_v every_o way_n upward_o and_o downward_o to_o the_o right_n and_o to_o the_o left_a and_o round_a they_o be_v also_o by_o a_o muscle_n sustain_v and_o keep_v stable_n or_o firm_a whereby_o the_o sense_n be_v more_o certain_a diverse_a coat_n they_o have_v wherewith_o they_o be_v cover_v the_o first_o call_v adnata_fw-la the_o second_o cornea_n the_o three_o vuea_n the_o four_o aranea_fw-la there_o be_v also_o three_o humour_n the_o first_o watery_a the_o second_o glassy_a and_o the_o three_o crystalline_a which_o be_v the_o chief_a organ_n of_o the_o sight_n and_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o other_o part_n above_o mention_v the_o eye_n indeed_o see_v with_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n but_o it_o see_v perfect_o and_o more_o accomplishedlye_o with_o the_o whole_a organ_n or_o instrument_n the_o object_n of_o this_o sense_n be_v those_o colour_n which_o be_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o other_o body_n next_o follow_v the_o ear_n the_o instrument_n whereby_o the_o soul_n discern_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o sound_n and_o voice_n the_o chief_a part_n of_o this_o organ_n be_v a_o thin_a and_o 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that_o of_o smell_a who_o instrument_n do_v not_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o scull_n in_o those_o creature_n which_o do_v respire_v but_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n whence_o nose_n the_o nose_n it_o follow_v that_o these_o 5._o be_v call_v outward_a sense_n not_o so_o much_o because_o they_o appear_v outward_o but_o rather_o because_o their_o proper_a organ_n do_v receive_v the_o species_n or_o representation_n of_o outward_a thing_n the_o instrument_n therefore_o of_o smell_v be_v a_o pair_n of_o production_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o forward_a ventricles_n of_o the_o brain_n in_o which_o the_o faculty_n of_o smell_v reside_v do_v comprehend_v the_o odour_n of_o thing_n which_o together_o with_o the_o aer_fw-la be_v draw_v in_o through_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o nose_n which_o be_v raise_v high_a in_o the_o face_n of_o a_o man_n then_o of_o other_o creature_n as_o well_o for_o beauty_n as_o because_o the_o brain_n of_o a_o man_n be_v large_a and_o therefore_o yield_v abundance_n of_o excrement_n may_v therethrough_a be_v better_a cleanse_v this_o nose_n be_v divide_v in_o the_o midst_n by_o a_o gristly_a substance_n aswell_o to_o break_v and_o divide_v the_o outward_a air_n which_o in_o a_o great_a part_n be_v draw_v in_o this_o way_n to_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o sharp_a artery_n &_o so_o to_o the_o lung_n as_o also_o to_o disperse_v the_o part_n of_o the_o object_n of_o this_o sense_n that_o be_v so_o divide_v it_o may_v equal_o insinuate_v itself_o through_o the_o small_a hole_n of_o the_o spungy_a bone_n to_o both_o the_o production_n which_o determine_v on_o either_o side_n the_o four_o sense_n be_v the_o taste_n the_o form_n whereof_o be_v seat_v in_o those_o nerve_n which_o attain_v unto_o the_o tongue_n and_o palate_n assist_v by_o the_o spungy_a flesh_n of_o the_o tongue_n itself_o for_o tongue_n the_o tongue_n when_o any_o savoury_a quality_n or_o affection_n impart_v to_o a_o humour_n or_o ivice_n be_v apply_v unto_o the_o tongue_n it_o stir_v up_o the_o taste_n and_o present_o the_o image_n or_o species_n of_o that_o savour_n be_v by_o the_o spirit_n reside_v in_o the_o nerve_n convey_v to_o the_o principal_a sensator_fw-la and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o savour_n be_v represent_v to_o the_o instrument_n in_o a_o hard_a or_o congeal_a body_n as_o salt_n pepper_n or_o such_o like_a it_o can_v move_v the_o sense_n before_o it_o be_v melt_v by_o the_o heat_n or_o at_o least_o have_v communicate_v his_o affection_n unto_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o mouth_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o nothing_o can_v affect_v the_o taste_n which_o can_v be_v dissolve_v neither_o be_v he_o who_o tongue_n be_v torrify_v or_o parch_v with_o extraordinary_a heat_n a_o competentiudge_n of_o savour_n or_o taste_n as_o for_o the_o touch_n which_o be_v the_o five_o and_o last_o sense_n it_o be_v not_o contain_v within_o any_o proper_a organ_n or_o instrument_n but_o equal_o diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n because_o the_o necessity_n touch_v the_o sense_n of_o touch_v of_o nature_n do_v every_o where_n require_v the_o presence_n thereof_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o do_v not_o as_o other_o sense_n receive_v the_o impression_n of_o all_o his_o own_o proper_a object_n for_o sensation_n be_v a_o passion_n if_o therefore_o the_o object_n be_v of_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o the_o instrument_n the_o sense_n be_v not_o affect_v therewith_o because_o it_o do_v not_o suffer_v by_o that_o which_o be_v like_a unto_o it_o but_o all_o the_o other_o sense_n do_v apprehend_v all_o those_o quality_n which_o do_v fall_v under_o they_o for_o be_v all_o unlike_a to_o the_o instrument_n they_o must_v needs_o be_v affect_v by_o they_o but_o because_o this_o sense_n have_v no_o particular_a instrument_n in_o the_o head_n we_o shall_v only_o entreat_v of_o it_o by_o the_o way_n in_o this_o place_n somewhat_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o it_o before_o in_o our_o discourse_n of_o the_o skin_n and_o more_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o joint_n and_o the_o vessel_n wherefore_o we_o descend_v unto_o our_o history_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o head_n which_o be_v call_v the_o face_n together_o with_o the_o vessel_n and_o muscle_n thereof_o have_v go_v through_o that_o part_n of_o the_o head_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o hairy_a scalfe_n and_o therefore_o by_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 7_o chapter_n of_o his_o 1._o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o remain_v that_o we_o proceed_v unto_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v without_o hair_n call_v in_o man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o face_n the_o name_n of_o the_o face_n name_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v receive_v
this_o cartilege_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d their_o use_n beside_o that_o which_o we_o have_v remember_v before_o be_v to_o help_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o eyelid_n for_o because_o they_o strengthen_v and_o firm_a the_o thin_a membrane_n and_o hold_v they_o distend_v that_o they_o be_v not_o corrugate_v or_o wrinkle_v in_o their_o motion_n it_o become_v that_o the_o shut_n and_o open_v of_o the_o eye_n be_v equal_a galen_n in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la remember_v another_o use_n of_o they_o which_o be_v also_o approve_a by_o vesalius_n and_o falopius_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v in_o the_o upper_a lid_n may_v have_v a_o more_o firm_a and_o strong_a insertion_n the_o same_o use_n also_o it_o have_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o eyelid_n which_o be_v establish_v in_o so_o firm_a a_o substance_n do_v remain_v right_a and_o immooveable_a which_o otherwise_o will_v have_v fall_v upon_o the_o eye_n and_o therefore_o galen_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la make_v this_o the_o second_o use_n of_o the_o tarsus_n where_o he_o also_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v perforate_v with_o many_o small_a hole_n which_o notwithstanding_o platerus_n deni_v name_n the_o hair_n of_o the_o eye_n lid_n their_o name_n the_o hair_n of_o the_o eyelid_n table_n 1._o fig._n 1_o bb_n be_v call_v by_o hypocrates_n in_o coacis_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o also_o by_o aristotle_n pliny_n call_v they_o palpebrae_fw-la a_o frequenti_fw-la palpitatione_fw-la because_o they_o be_v often_o rub_v the_o late_a anatomist_n call_v they_o cilia_fw-la quod_fw-la oculos_fw-la celent_fw-la because_o they_o hide_v the_o eye_n they_o be_v bear_v with_o we_o into_o the_o world_n as_o be_v also_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o eyebrow_n and_o dispose_v in_o a_o elegant_a order_n keep_v a_o equal_a magnitude_n and_o number_n i_o say_v a_o equal_a proportion_n proportion_n magnitude_n for_o say_v galen_n in_o the_o 14._o chapter_n of_o his_o eleaventh_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la if_o you_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o they_o or_o take_v any_o thing_n from_o they_o you_o corrupt_a or_o vitiate_v their_o use_n for_o if_o they_o be_v few_o or_o slendere_a there_o may_v something_o fall_v through_o they_o to_o offend_v the_o eye_n god_n the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n again_o if_o they_o be_v thick_a or_o grosser_n they_o be_v no_o more_o a_o wall_n or_o defence_n to_o the_o eye_n but_o a_o prison_n wherein_o the_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v hide_v and_o obscure_v which_o of_o all_o the_o instrument_n of_o our_o sense_n have_v leastth_v need_n of_o such_o a_o obstacle_n and_o therefore_o say_v galen_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v our_o wise_a creator_n have_v lay_v upon_o they_o a_o law_n of_o necessity_n to_o keep_v continual_o a_o equal_a magnitude_n because_o he_o see_v it_o be_v most_o fit_a so_o to_o be_v for_o the_o use_n of_o that_o member_n for_o which_o they_o be_v ordain_v position_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o position_n but_o whereas_o and_o this_o be_v galens_n observation_n in_o the_o 7._o chapter_n of_o his_o 10._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la it_o be_v most_o convenient_a that_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o eyebrow_n shall_v couch_v or_o fall_v one_o upon_o another_o because_o they_o be_v make_v to_o receyve_v that_o which_o fall_v from_o the_o head_n before_o it_o can_v come_v unto_o the_o eye_n these_o hair_n of_o the_o eye-lidde_n have_v another_o use_n be_v make_v to_o stand_v straight_o because_o they_o shall_v better_o hinder_v dust_n fly_n or_o any_o such_o like_a thing_n from_o fall_v in_o to_o the_o eye_n again_o they_o stand_v not_o straight_o upward_o to_o the_o brow_n nor_o direct_o downward_o to_o the_o cheek_n neither_o do_v they_o bend_v inward_a to_o the_o eye_n for_o if_o they_o have_v stand_v straight_o upwarde_o their_o use_n have_v be_v forfeit_v for_o which_o they_o be_v create_v and_o if_o they_o have_v stand_v direct_o downward_o or_o be_v bend_v inward_a they_o will_v have_v be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o sight_n thereof_o and_o reason_n thereof_o by_o break_v the_o continuity_n of_o the_o visible_a object_n notwithstanding_o as_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o upper_a lid_n be_v bend_v a_o little_a upward_o so_o be_v those_o of_o the_o nether_a lid_n curue_v downward_o for_o if_o they_o have_v stand_v straight_o out_o they_o will_v have_v cast_v a_o shadow_n upon_o the_o eye_n and_o hinder_v out_o look_v upward_o in_o like_a manner_n there_o be_v a_o convenient_a and_o as_o it_o be_v measure_v distance_n betwixt_o hair_n and_o hair_n for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v set_v one_o far_o from_o another_o many_o thing_n may_v have_v fall_v between_o distance_n their_o distance_n they_o which_o now_o be_v intercept_v and_o if_o they_o have_v touch_v one_o another_o they_o will_v have_v cast_v too_o dull_a a_o shadow_n before_o the_o sight_n all_o which_o the_o wisdom_n and_o providence_n of_o our_o great_a creator_n have_v by_o this_o excellent_a order_n and_o position_n avoid_v these_o hair_n do_v never_o grow_v too_o long_o neither_o do_v they_o ever_o fall_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o extreme_a disease_n of_o that_o part_n although_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 11._o chapter_n of_o his_o third_o book_n de_fw-fr historia_n animal_n have_v a_o conceit_n that_o the_o use_n of_o venus_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v to_o frequent_v will_v make_v they_o fall_v neither_o do_v these_o hair_n serve_v only_o for_o ornament_n as_o some_o have_v conceyve_v but_o also_o to_o direct_v the_o visible_a spirit_n and_o the_o beam_n which_o shoot_v forth_o from_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o use_n their_o use_n eye_n for_o if_o they_o be_v fall_v away_o or_o retort_v a_o man_n can_v neither_o see_v so_o direct_o forward_a nor_o so_o far_o off_o again_o their_o often_o twinkle_a recreate_v the_o sight_n and_o break_v also_o somewhat_o the_o brightness_n of_o the_o object_n as_o well_o as_o they_o intercept_v those_o thing_n which_o otherwise_o will_v fall_v into_o the_o eye_n be_v place_v as_o a_o net_n to_o catch_v any_o thing_n that_o will_v rush_v into_o they_o these_o eyelid_n also_o have_v vein_n from_o the_o jugular_a vein_n and_o artery_n from_o the_o soporary_a vessel_n their_o vessel_n or_o sleepy_a artey_n nerve_n also_o from_o the_o second_o conjugation_n all_o which_o vessel_n do_v lead_v unto_o they_o nourishment_n heat_n and_o motion_n that_o which_o hang_v over_o the_o upper_a eyelid_n tab._n 1._o fig._n 1._o 2._o g._n ruffus_n the_o ephesian_a call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o hollow_a and_o that_o which_o answer_v thereto_o under_o the_o low_a eye_n the_o bladder_n above_o and_o under_o the_o eye_n lid_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o under_o the_o hollow_a tab._n 1._o fig._n 1_o 2._o h._n and_o this_o use_v to_o swell_v in_o the_o dropsy_n the_o green_a sickness_n a_o long_a flux_n of_o the_o haemorrhodes_n and_o of_o the_o course_n sometime_o also_o when_o the_o eye_n begin_v to_o be_v blear_v it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o add_v a_o word_n or_o two_o concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o eyelid_n although_o aristole_n in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr partibus_fw-la animalium_fw-la aristotle_n the_o use_n of_o the_o eyelid_n aristotle_n acknowledge_v no_o other_o use_n of_o these_o eyelid_n but_o only_o to_o cover_v the_o eye_n and_o intercept_v those_o thing_n which_o will_v fall_v into_o they_o and_o therefore_o say_v that_o fish_n have_v no_o eye_n lid_n because_o they_o be_v always_o in_o the_o water_n nor_o shelly_a creature_n because_o the_o membrane_n of_o their_o eye_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o beside_o they_o stand_v deep_a in_o their_o socket_n yet_o we_o have_v learn_v many_o other_o use_n of_o they_o which_o we_o will_v acquaint_v you_o with_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a use_n of_o the_o eyelid_n therefore_o be_v as_o varolius_n well_o observe_v to_o clenfe_fw-mi the_o horny_a membrane_n from_o dross_n for_o the_o sight_n require_v a_o exact_a purity_n in_o medio_fw-la diaphâ—â—_n use_n varolius_fw-la the_o first_o use_n that_o be_v in_o his_o tralucent_a mean_n otherwise_o we_o can_v see_v especial_o so_o distinct_o as_o appear_v in_o trouble_a water_n and_o smoky_a air_n wherefore_o because_o the_o horny_a coat_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o moisture_n which_o sweat_v out_o of_o the_o glandule_n as_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o contaction_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v easy_o obtenebrate_v or_o darken_v the_o eyelid_n be_v make_v compass_v that_o at_o once_o it_o may_v touch_v the_o whole_a eye_n and_o therefore_o in_o open_v the_o eye_n when_o the_o lid_n be_v lift_v up_o it_o sweep_v and_o as_o it_o be_v polish_v the_o whole_a horny_a coat_n or_o
midst_n thereof_o have_v it_o a_o bosom_n table_n 3._o figu_n 9_o r_o and_o 18_o β_n whereinto_o it_o receive_v the_o chrystaline_a humour_n and_o although_o it_o be_v compass_v about_o by_o the_o net-like_a coat_n call_v amphiblestroide_v whereby_o it_o be_v nourish_v from_o the_o vein_n disseminated_a there_o through_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o have_v a_o proper_a coat_n of_o his_o own_o call_v vitrea_fw-la which_o if_o it_o be_v break_v this_o humour_n present_o melt_v and_o resolve_v into_o water_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o of_o the_o sight_n have_v declare_v the_o admirable_a wisdom_n providence_n and_o goodness_n of_o god_n our_o creator_n in_o the_o conformation_n of_o this_o divine_a member_n which_o we_o call_v the_o eye_n although_o we_o have_v speak_v somewhat_o in_o the_o history_n of_o every_o particular_a part_n concern_v their_o use_n yet_o there_o remain_v many_o thing_n worthy_a our_o observation_n eye_n a_o philosophical_a discourse_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o eye_n touch_v the_o humour_n which_o be_v join_v to_o that_o that_o have_v be_v say_v before_o will_n better_o absolve_v and_o accomplish_v this_o discourse_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o true_a manner_n of_o sight_n which_o though_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o they_o be_v more_o philosophical_a than_o anatomicall_a yet_o because_o they_o pertain_v to_o the_o same_o subject_n i_o presume_v the_o reader_n will_v not_o abhor_v from_o they_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sight_n by_o which_o it_o perceive_v all_o visible_a thing_n as_o well_o proper_a as_o common_a there_o be_v no_o man_n ignorant_a proper_a as_o all_o colour_n common_a as_o the_o figure_n magnitude_n number_n motion_n and_o scite_fw-la which_o be_v sensible_a quality_n common_a common_z the_o proper_a object_n of_o the_o sight_n common_z to_o all_o the_o sense_n so_o that_o it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o the_o eye_n see_v not_o a_o man_n but_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v visible_a in_o a_o man_n as_o colour_n together_o with_o the_o scite_fw-la figure_n magnitude_n number_n and_o motion_n of_o his_o part_n out_o of_o which_o afterward_o the_o soul_n collect_v that_o that_o thing_n be_v a_o man._n the_o eye_n be_v frame_v of_o many_o part_n all_o which_o be_v create_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sight_n but_o because_o in_o every_o organ_n which_o be_v compound_v of_o many_o part_n there_o be_v one_o similar_v particle_n upon_o part_n particular_a use_n of_o the_o part_n which_o the_o action_n of_o that_o organ_n do_v especial_o depend_v it_o will_v be_v know_v what_o this_o particle_n be_v in_o the_o eye_n we_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v the_o chrystaline_a humour_n which_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o action_n because_o in_o it_o the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o visible_a thing_n be_v receive_v and_o by_o it_o judge_v of_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v some_o particle_n without_o which_o the_o action_n can_v be_v as_o the_o optic_a nerve_n which_o lead_v along_o the_o faculty_n unto_o the_o crystalline_a some_o also_o by_o who_o help_n the_o action_n â—â—_o make_v more_o perfect_a as_o the_o membrane_n and_o the_o muscle_n and_o final_o some_o particle_n aâ—â—_n ordain_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o all_o these_o as_o the_o eye-lidde_n and_o the_o part_n about_o they_o see_v therefore_o the_o faculty_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o brain_n by_o the_o optic_a nerve_n unto_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v set_v as_o scoutwatche_n to_o take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o arrival_n of_o outward_a thing_n that_o they_o may_v better_o apprehend_v the_o knowledge_n of_o such_o outward_a object_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o whatsoever_o be_v to_o be_v perceive_v shall_v touch_v the_o nerve_n for_o aristotle_n say_v in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la that_o every_o action_n be_v make_v by_o contaction_n this_o contaction_n be_v here_o make_v by_o a_o medium_n or_o mean_a for_o the_o sense_n do_v perceive_v contaction_n all_o sense_n be_v by_o contaction_n their_o object_n through_o a_o mean_a wherefore_o see_v the_o nerve_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o visible_a object_n that_o there_o may_v be_v sight_n it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v a_o contaction_n either_o of_o the_o nerve_n to_o the_o object_n or_o of_o the_o object_n to_o the_o nerve_n or_o else_o that_o either_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v move_v in_o a_o certain_a proportion_n to_o the_o other_o the_o two_o first_o way_n it_o can_v be_v as_o even_o sense_n itself_o teach_v we_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v make_v how_o many_o wales_n contaction_n be_v make_v be_v do_v the_o three_o way_n if_o vision_n be_v make_v the_o three_o way_n than_o either_o something_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o nerve_n to_o the_o visible_a object_n or_o on_o the_o contrary_a something_o must_v be_v send_v from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o nerve_n or_o else_o both_o must_v be_v that_o be_v sight_n must_v be_v make_v either_o by_o a_o emission_n of_o spirit_n or_o a_o reception_n of_o beam_n or_o else_o by_o emission_n and_o reception_n both_o together_o now_o the_o spirit_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o the_o nerve_n to_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v for_o than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o nerve_n alone_o by_o which_o the_o faculty_n yssu_v can_v absolve_v and_o perfect_v the_o action_n of_o sight_n and_o the_o judgement_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o the_o eye_n again_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o corporeal_a thing_n transport_v from_o the_o body_n which_o be_v send_v unto_o our_o eye_n for_o then_o the_o object_n by_o continual_a diffusion_n will_v be_v diminish_v neither_o be_v vision_n make_v the_o three_o way_n so_o that_o a_o spirit_n or_o a_o beam_n or_o a_o light_n shall_v issue_n out_o of_o the_o eye_n unto_o the_o object_n and_o again_o something_o of_o the_o object_n shall_v be_v move_v unto_o the_o spirit_n that_o so_o the_o contaction_n may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o middle_n for_o then_o the_o nerve_n alone_o will_v have_v suffice_v for_o the_o action_n and_o the_o judgement_n shall_v have_v be_v make_v without_o the_o eye_n wherefore_o make_v how_o sight_n be_v make_v we_o think_v with_o the_o philosopher_n that_o this_o contaction_n be_v make_v by_o a_o medium_n so_o that_o a_o certain_a quality_n with_o some_o colour_n affect_v and_o change_v the_o air_n that_o be_v clear_a and_o lucid_a betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o object_n do_v transfer_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o the_o visible_a species_n by_o one_o right_a line_n from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o eye_n yea_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o chrystaline_a humour_n so_o the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o object_n lead_v along_o that_o which_o be_v perceive_v and_o first_o of_o all_o the_o colour_n for_o the_o air_n be_v alter_v by_o colour_n which_o it_o receive_v by_o contaction_n for_o even_o as_o the_o sun_n attain_v by_o the_o brightness_n of_o his_o light_n unto_o the_o element_n of_o the_o air_n illustrate_v the_o same_o so_o colour_n when_o they_o touch_v the_o air_n make_v a_o kind_n of_o impression_n therein_o for_o the_o air_n be_v always_o capable_a of_o colour_n when_o it_o be_v clear_a light_a and_o illustrate_v by_o the_o brightness_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n vision_z therefore_o or_o sight_n be_v make_v by_o the_o reception_n of_o visible_a form_n when_o the_o light_n affect_v with_o those_o form_n enter_v into_o the_o eye_n through_o their_o translucid_a body_n first_o of_o all_o with_o right_a beam_n afterward_o diverse_o refract_v or_o break_v and_o affect_v the_o chrystaline_a with_o some_o colour_n which_o chrystaline_a as_o the_o primary_n instrument_n of_o sight_n do_v in_o a_o instant_n receive_v those_o visible_a form_n whereof_o refraction_n be_v make_v in_o the_o membrane_n perfection_n in_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n and_o final_o a_o perception_n in_o the_o brain_n for_o the_o light_n be_v the_o light_n whether_o in_o man_n eye_n there_o be_v a_o ingenit_fw-la light_n proper_a object_n of_o the_o sight_n whereby_o it_o be_v move_v and_o affect_v light_n i_o say_v stain_v with_o the_o form_n of_o colour_n and_o external_a light_n for_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o man_n have_v not_o in_o it_o any_o in-bredlight_a for_o than_o he_o may_v see_v in_o the_o dark_a by_o send_v out_o a_o light_n from_o his_o eye_n albeit_o suetonius_n report_v that_o tiberius_n caesar_n have_v such_o a_o eye_n and_o that_o excellent_a philosopher_n and_o physician_n porta_n tiberius_n caesar_n cardanus_n joh._n â—ap_n porta_n cardan_n as_o also_o john_n babtista_n porta_n of_o naples_n do_v affirm_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o themselves_o some_o creature_n there_o be_v we_o know_v which_o see_v worse_a in_o the_o day_n time_n then_o in_o the_o night_n and_o therefore_o they_o seek_v their_o
wisdom_n and_o the_o infinite_a goodness_n wherewith_o he_o have_v compass_v we_o on_o every_o side_n moreover_o that_o he_o will_v give_v i_o power_n perspicuous_o to_o propound_v and_o lay_v open_a to_o your_o capacity_n a_o thing_n so_o diverse_o and_o quaynt_o fold_v up_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v scarce_o able_a to_o follow_v the_o train_n thereof_o these_o instrument_n be_v call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o latin_a aures_fw-la ab_fw-la hauriendis_fw-la vocibus_fw-la as_o say_v lactantius_n in_o english_a ear_n of_o hear_v ear_n the_o name_n of_o the_o ear_n there_o be_v many_o part_n of_o the_o ear_n which_o serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o sound_n into_o they_o as_o also_o for_o the_o intention_n thereof_o some_o of_o they_o be_v such_o as_o without_o which_o there_o be_v no_o reception_n of_o sound_n other_o be_v necessary_a for_o better_a reception_n and_o hear_n final_o other_o be_v create_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n we_o will_v divide_v the_o ear_n according_a to_o hypocrates_n in_o coacis_n into_o a_o outward_a and_o a_o inward_a ear_n and_o first_o we_o will_v entreat_v of_o the_o outward_a the_o ear_n say_v aristotle_n be_v part_n of_o the_o head_n by_o which_o we_o hear_v and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v imagine_v they_o be_v call_v aures_fw-la quasi_fw-la audes_fw-ge ab_fw-la audiendo_fw-la from_o hear_v instrument_n name_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n they_o be_v of_o hear_v indeed_o as_o galen_n confess_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr instrumento_fw-la odoratus_fw-la but_o not_o the_o principal_a organ_n because_o if_o the_o ear_n be_v cut_v off_o close_o by_o the_o head_n yet_o a_o man_n will_v hear_v notwithstanding_o as_o if_o the_o nose_n be_v cut_v off_o a_o man_n shall_v smell_v though_o imperfect_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o principal_a instrument_n both_o of_o hear_v and_o of_o smell_a lie_n hide_v within_o the_o skull_n the_o outward_a ear_n therefore_o be_v help_v cause_n and_o when_o they_o be_v sound_a and_o whole_a they_o be_v of_o as_o great_a use_n for_o the_o hear_v as_o the_o nostril_n be_v for_o the_o smell_a these_o outward_a ear_n proper_o call_v auriculae_fw-la be_v in_o man_n &_o beast_n conspicuous_a but_o in_o bird_n and_o fish_n it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o bird_n have_v only_a hole_n whereby_o the_o sound_n enter_v into_o their_o brain_n because_o their_o skin_n be_v hard_o they_o want_v matter_n whereof_o this_o ear_n shall_v be_v frame_v beside_o such_o ear_n as_o other_o creature_n be_v furnish_v with_o will_v have_v be_v a_o hindrance_n unto_o they_o in_o their_o flight_n as_o we_o see_v a_o contrary_a wind_n blow_v upon_o a_o sail_n stay_v the_o course_n of_o a_o ship_n as_o for_o fish_n no_o man_n that_o i_o know_v have_v yet_o find_v out_o the_o instrument_n of_o their_o hear_v those_o hole_n which_o be_v place_v before_o their_o eye_n we_o doubt_v whither_o they_o serve_v for_o hear_v or_o for_o smell_a the_o outward_a ear_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n or_o line_n with_o the_o eye_n yet_o not_o so_o ear_n what_o creature_n want_v outward_a ear_n much_o for_o the_o better_a reception_n of_o sound_n which_o say_v cicero_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la deorum_fw-la of_o their_o own_o nature_n do_v ascend_v upward_o because_o they_o have_v their_o consistence_n in_o the_o air_n but_o rather_o from_o the_o commodity_n of_o those_o soft_a nerve_n within_o the_o scull_n which_o be_v to_o communicate_v the_o animal_n spirit_n disperse_v through_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n unto_o the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v otherwise_o if_o the_o ear_n have_v their_o situation_n only_o for_o the_o apprehension_n of_o sound_n they_o may_v as_o well_o have_v be_v place_v in_o any_o part_n ear_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o creature_n as_o where_o they_o be_v because_o the_o sound_n be_v equal_o communicate_v to_o the_o whole_a air_n that_o compass_v we_o about_o but_o on_o the_o foreside_n they_o may_v not_o be_v place_v because_o that_o room_n be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o for_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o instrument_n of_o other_o sense_n for_o the_o eye_n because_o we_o see_v by_o a_o right_a line_n but_o we_o may_v hear_v as_o well_o on_o either_o side_n as_o direct_o forward_a as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr part._n animalium_fw-la although_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o galen_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr vsu_fw-la partium_fw-la be_v not_o altogether_o of_o aristotle_n opinion_n again_o for_o the_o mouth_n partly_o for_o the_o commodity_n of_o receive_v meat_n and_o drink_v direct_o from_o the_o hand_n partly_o also_o because_o it_o be_v fit_a we_o shall_v turn_v not_o our_o eye_n only_o but_o our_o mouth_n also_o towards_o they_o with_o who_o we_o discourse_n three_o for_o the_o nose_n that_o the_o savour_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n by_o which_o we_o judge_v and_o discern_v whither_o they_o be_v good_a or_o ill_a might_n more_o direct_o strike_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_a moreover_o the_o ear_n be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o backepatt_n of_o the_o head_n because_o there_o be_v no_o nerve_n derive_v thereunto_o not_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n lest_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o head_n shall_v hinder_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o sound_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v most_o convenient_a they_o shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o head_n or_o the_o face_n just_a against_o the_o region_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o also_o be_v in_o man_n immooveable_a in_o bruit_n beast_n their_o situation_n be_v somewhat_o otherwise_o to_o wit_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o face_n because_o their_o head_n hang_v always_o downward_o unto_o the_o earth_n to_o seek_v their_o food_n in_o beast_n also_o the_o ear_n be_v mooveable_a the_o ear_n of_o ape_n have_v a_o middle_a position_n betwixt_o those_o of_o man_n and_o beast_n because_o it_o be_v a_o creature_n of_o a_o middle_a figure_n betwixt_o the_o erect_a frame_n of_o a_o man_n &_o the_o prone_a ear_n ape_n ear_n or_o bend_a posture_n of_o a_o beast_n and_o as_o their_o position_n so_o likewise_o be_v their_o motion_n not_o to_o be_v immoovable_a as_o in_o man_n nor_o so_o mooveable_a as_o in_o other_o beast_n but_o betwixt_o both_o table_n 4._o fig._n 1._o show_v the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n together_o with_o the_o fat_a and_o the_o glandule_n under_o the_o ear_n and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n and_o the_o ear_n fig._n 2._o show_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o eyebrow_n and_o a_o few_o of_o the_o jaw_n tabula_fw-la four_o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o the_o second_o figure_n the_o truth_n hereof_o may_v be_v diverse_o demonstrate_v first_o because_o all_o sound_n be_v most_o exact_o receive_v in_o hollow_a and_o hard_a body_n as_o bell_n and_o such_o like_a again_o those_o man_n who_o ear_n be_v cut_v away_o do_v receive_v sound_n and_o articulate_a voice_n after_o a_o obtule_n dull_a or_o confuse_a manner_n like_o the_o fall_n of_o water_n or_o chirp_n of_o a_o grasshopper_n in_o somuch_o that_o the_o other_o ear_n which_o be_v not_o vitiate_a be_v notwithstanding_o impair_v unless_o that_o which_o be_v wound_v be_v quite_o stop_v uppe_o final_o such_o as_o be_v half_o deaf_a that_o they_o may_v hear_v the_o better_a do_v set_v their_o hand_n to_o their_o ear_n with_o the_o palm_n forward_o to_o gather_v in_o the_o sound_n as_o we_o read_v that_o adrian_n the_o emperor_n emperor_n adrian_z the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v another_o use_n of_o this_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v lest_o it_o shall_v enter_v into_o the_o ear_n too_o cold_a if_o it_o be_v not_o break_v and_o beat_v against_o the_o side_n in_o the_o passage_n whereby_o it_o receive_v if_o not_o heat_n yet_o a_o mitigation_n of_o his_o coldness_n and_o final_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o these_o breach_n many_o violent_a sound_n will_v sudden_o rush_v into_o the_o ear_n to_o the_o great_a offence_n of_o the_o hear_v these_o ear_n be_v not_o always_o of_o one_o magnitude_n but_o in_o some_o great_a in_o some_o less_o but_o mostwhat_a proportionable_a to_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o body_n and_o yet_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o where_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o vital_a heat_n there_o the_o ear_n be_v somewhat_o the_o large_a ear_n the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o ear_n howsoever_o they_o be_v small_a in_o man_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o creature_n as_o well_o for_o ornament_n as_o because_o the_o head_n of_o a_o man_n say_v galen_n in_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o his_o eleaventh_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la
bear_v a_o pulsation_n which_o may_v affect_v the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v wherefore_o bony_a it_o behove_v not_o to_o be_v for_o then_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n will_v have_v be_v deaf_a because_o the_o in_o breed_v air_n will_v not_o have_v receive_v the_o sound_n and_o alteration_n bony_a why_o not_o bony_a of_o the_o external_a air_n and_o if_o the_o bone_n have_v be_v so_o thin_a that_o it_o can_v have_v transmit_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o air_n than_o also_o will_v it_o have_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o break_v it_o be_v not_o fit_v this_o cover_n or_o instrument_n shall_v be_v fleshy_a because_o if_o that_o which_o receive_v fleshy_a why_o not_o fleshy_a the_o sound_n have_v be_v lax_n or_o loose_v it_o will_v not_o so_o well_o have_v transmit_v the_o impression_n for_o we_o see_v that_o the_o strait_a a_o drum_n be_v brace_v the_o shrill_a sound_n it_o yield_v again_o if_o it_o have_v be_v fleshy_a it_o will_v have_v be_v soft_a and_o full_a of_o moisture_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n will_v have_v admit_v of_o many_o thing_n to_o cleave_v or_o stick_v unto_o it_o which_o now_o do_v fall_v away_o from_o it_o because_o it_o be_v membranous_a this_o partition_n therefore_o or_o muniment_n or_o cover_v call_v it_o what_o you_o will_v be_v membranous_a and_o thin_a withal_o for_o if_o in_o the_o first_o conformation_n it_o be_v produce_v a_o thick_a and_o fast_o membrane_n then_o be_v the_o party_n deaf_a incurable_o as_o arantius_n and_o laurentius_n have_v well_o remember_v but_o we_o find_v sometime_o before_o this_o membrane_n on_o the_o outside_n that_o there_o grow_v a_o certain_a thick_a coat_n beside_o the_o intent_n of_o nature_n of_o which_o aegineta_n make_v mention_n in_o dumb_a how_o child_n become_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a the_o 23._o chapter_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n and_o aquapendens_fw-la say_v he_o find_v it_o twice_o but_o aegineta_n teach_v also_o the_o way_n how_o to_o cure_v it_o yet_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v that_o if_o it_o 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process_n of_o the_o bone_n call_v the_o mallet_n or_o hammer_n be_v extend_v upward_o unto_o the_o midst_n thereof_o like_a as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o a_o drum_n there_o be_v a_o chord_n stretch_v overthwart_o through_o the_o midst_n the_o use_n of_o this_o membrane_n be_v to_o close_v up_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v in_o a_o round_a compass_n &_o like_o a_o hedge_n or_o wall_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o four_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n and_o therefore_o membrane_n the_o diverse_a use_n of_o the_o membrane_n laurentius_n call_v it_o septum_fw-la the_o partition_n it_o serve_v also_o to_o distinguish_v the_o external_a from_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o care_n but_o especial_o to_o separate_v the_o inbred_n air_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o impression_n of_o sound_n from_o the_o external_a or_o the_o air_n that_o come_v from_o without_o for_o if_o these_o two_o air_n have_v be_v mix_v and_o confound_v the_o outward_a air_n be_v oftentimes_o foggy_a and_o thick_a must_v needs_o have_v make_v the_o inward_a air_n also_o more_o unfit_a for_o sensation_n neither_o do_v it_o only_o keep_v the_o inward_a air_n from_o permixtion_n with_o the_o outward_a but_o also_o contain_v it_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o vanish_v of_o it_o own_o accord_n or_o be_v disperse_v and_o dissipate_v in_o vehement_a noise_n or_o sound_n add_v hereto_o that_o it_o keep_v out_o the_o external_a air_n so_o that_o neither_o the_o cold_a nor_o heat_n thereof_o can_v offend_v the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n final_o it_o defend_v the_o inward_a part_n from_o outward_a wrong_n so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v over_o head_n and_o eat_v in_o the_o water_n yet_o the_o water_n can_v pass_v beyond_o the_o membrane_n in_o like_a manner_n it_o keep_v out_o fly_v and_o other_o such_o busy_a creature_n dust_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o shall_v happen_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v but_o because_o the_o thinness_n of_o this_o membrane_n 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eustachius_n and_o well_o it_o may_v be_v that_o all_o these_o be_v so_o oculate_a anatomist_n do_v find_v it_o out_o by_o their_o industry_n but_o now_o we_o have_v they_o it_o shall_v be_v more_o expedient_a precise_o to_o describe_v they_o unto_o you_o then_o to_o determine_v who_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o they_o these_o bone_n therefore_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o first_o cavity_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n which_o before_o we_o call_v the_o tympane_n that_o be_v the_o drum_n or_o taber_n and_o because_o their_o figure_n be_v diverse_a they_o situation_n the_o situation_n have_v also_o diverse_a name_n give_v they_o partly_o from_o the_o similitude_n they_o have_v with_o the_o thing_n who_o name_n they_o bear_v partly_o also_o from_o their_o use_n the_o first_o be_v call_v malleus_fw-la or_o malleolus_n the_o mallet_n or_o the_o hammer_n the_o second_o incus_fw-la the_o anvil_n or_o the_o stithy_n the_o three_o stape_v nerve_n their_o nerve_n the_o stirrup_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 6._o 7._o 8._o the_o hammer_n or_o mallet_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 4._o r._n fig._n 5._o c._n fig._n 8._o q._n tab._n 11._o c._n l._n be_v seat_v in_o mallet_n the_o mallet_n the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o cavitie_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 2._o near_a to_o c._n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v this_o bone_n say_v coiter_v have_v his_o name_n rather_o from_o his_o use_n then_o from_o his_o form_n because_o when_o the_o membrane_n be_v move_v the_o mallet_n also_o be_v move_v therewithal_o or_o because_o like_o a_o hammer_n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o anvil_n and_o in_o the_o motion_n beat_v upon_o the_o membrane_n other_o do_v liken_v it_o to_o the_o thighbone_n as_o vessalius_n on_o this_o manner_n as_o the_o thigh_n near_o the_o neck_n thereof_o have_v two_o process_n
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or_o leg_n of_o the_o anvil_n the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o hammer_n be_v outward_a for_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n outward_a outward_a together_o with_o the_o hammer_n when_o the_o violence_n or_o constraint_n which_o before_o bear_v they_o inward_a be_v remit_v do_v return_v unto_o their_o natural_a station_n partly_o by_o a_o natural_a motion_n whereby_o they_o recover_v their_o former_a position_n when_o the_o violence_n be_v intermit_v partly_o by_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v a_o instrument_n of_o arbitrarie_a motion_n for_o that_o muscle_n be_v contract_v towards_o his_o original_n and_o so_o the_o head_n of_o the_o hammer_n be_v separate_v from_o his_o juncture_n with_o the_o anvile_n and_o the_o recurue_v process_n of_o the_o hammer_n bear_v the_o membrane_n outward_a but_o beside_o these_o twoe_o bone_n the_o 2._o muscle_n also_o of_o the_o inward_a ear_n do_v assist_v the_o membrane_n one_o of_o they_o against_o the_o inward_a impulsion_n and_o the_o other_o against_o the_o outward_a expulsion_n the_o substance_n of_o these_o bone_n be_v hard_a dense_a and_o smooth_a hard_o for_o that_o help_v the_o bone_n the_o substance_n of_o these_o bone_n hear_n as_o also_o add_v a_o great_a strength_n and_o firmitude_n unto_o the_o membrane_n they_o be_v also_o dense_a and_o smooth_a for_o the_o better_a reception_n and_o transportation_n of_o the_o sound_n yet_o columbus_n and_o coiter_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o two_o first_o be_v within_o spungy_a and_o medullous_a the_o three_o be_v so_o small_a that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o hole_n perceive_v therein_o and_o as_o these_o bone_n in_o form_n and_o figure_n do_v differ_v much_o from_o other_o bone_n of_o the_o body_n so_o also_o and_o especial_o they_o have_v two_o notable_a dissimilitude_n or_o disproportion_n from_o bone_n how_o they_o differ_v from_o other_o bone_n the_o rest_n the_o first_o be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o compass_v about_o with_o the_o periostium_fw-la lest_o say_v aquapendens_fw-la and_o placentinus_n they_o shall_v be_v unfit_a for_o the_o reception_n of_o sound_n for_o if_o you_o cover_v a_o hard_a body_n with_o a_o soft_a cloth_n and_o then_o strike_v upon_o it_o it_o will_v not_o yield_v so_o shrill_a a_o sound_n as_o it_o do_v when_o it_o be_v bare_a or_o naked_a again_o herein_o they_o differ_v from_o other_o bone_n as_o all_o anatomist_n do_v concur_v that_o they_o be_v perfect_a and_o accomplish_v at_o the_o very_a birth_n have_v the_o same_o magnitude_n then_o that_o they_o have_v in_o old_a age_n partly_o because_o man_n at_o all_o time_n even_o from_o his_o infancy_n have_v great_a need_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v as_o well_o to_o learn_v to_o speak_v as_o to_o gather_v knowledge_n partly_o because_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n be_v as_o much_o subject_n to_o danger_n by_o outward_a violence_n in_o our_o infancy_n as_o in_o any_o time_n of_o our_o life_n notwithstanding_o they_o be_v not_o so_o hard_a man_n why_o child_n do_v not_o hear_v so_o well_o as_o grow_v man_n in_o infancy_n as_o in_o old_a folk_n for_o child_n be_v full_a of_o moisture_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o child_n do_v not_o hear_v so_o sudden_o as_o grow_v man_n because_o to_o the_o exact_a perfection_n of_o the_o sense_n there_o be_v require_v a_o notable_a dryness_n aquapendens_fw-la add_v a_o three_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o bone_n and_o other_o bone_n of_o the_o body_n for_o say_v he_o these_o bone_n of_o the_o ear_n do_v hang_v suspend_v from_o a_o membrane_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o external_a air_n together_o with_o the_o sound_n be_v more_o easy_o communicate_v by_o the_o hammer_n and_o the_o anvil_n to_o the_o air_n implant_v in_o the_o ear_n for_o sound_v be_v more_o lively_o communicate_v to_o hard_a body_n which_o hang_v loose_a as_o you_o may_v perceive_v if_o you_o tie_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o a_o string_n and_o strike_v upon_o it_o it_o will_v yield_v a_o shrill_a sound_n than_o it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v not_o suspend_v but_o this_o conceit_n of_o aquapendens_fw-la sound_v but_o harsh_a in_o placentinus_n ear_n these_o bone_n be_v also_o hollow_a as_o well_o to_o make_v they_o the_o light_a as_o also_o to_o contain_v marrow_n for_o their_o nourishment_n whereto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o that_o which_o be_v hollow_a make_v hollow_a why_o they_o be_v hollow_a a_o better_a resonance_n and_o albeit_o these_o three_o bone_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o in_o quantity_n yet_o by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v conceive_v that_o they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o necessity_n in_o a_o word_n their_o use_n be_v first_o to_o establish_v and_o defend_v the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n lest_o it_o shall_v use_n their_o use_n be_v tear_v either_o by_o inward_a wind_n gather_v in_o the_o brain_n or_o by_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n as_o in_o thunder_n shoot_v off_o ordinance_n or_o such_o like_a secondlie_o they_o yield_v some_o assistance_n unto_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v for_o by_o their_o help_n the_o sound_n be_v convey_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o consequence_n or_o succession_n to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n for_o upon_o their_o commotion_n the_o chord_n be_v shake_v the_o implant_v air_n be_v move_v to_o receive_v the_o sound_n now_o the_o chord_n can_v not_o have_v be_v so_o vehement_o move_v by_o the_o membrane_n alone_o as_o by_o the_o membrane_n and_o the_o bone_n and_o so_o these_o bone_n together_o with_o the_o chord_n be_v shake_v by_o the_o appulsion_n of_o outward_a air_n do_v confer_v unto_o the_o distinction_n of_o sound_n as_o the_o tooth_n do_v to_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o speech_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o many_o man_n have_v busy_v themselves_o to_o find_v out_o the_o particular_a use_n of_o each_o of_o these_o
with_o the_o great_a process_n of_o the_o hammer_n draw_v that_o part_n of_o the_o hammer_n outward_a which_o incline_v inward_a and_o so_o moderate_v the_o compression_n thereof_o make_v upon_o the_o anvile_n that_o it_o be_v a_o defence_n against_o the_o internal_a muscle_n the_o internal_a which_o arise_v from_o the_o wedgebone_n and_o pass_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n unto_o the_o head_n of_o the_o hammer_n into_o which_o it_o be_v insert_v succour_v the_o same_o against_o the_o former_a when_o it_o be_v drive_v inward_a define_v and_o limit_v his_o introcession_n for_o when_o the_o tympane_n by_o a_o irruption_n of_o outward_a air_n be_v together_o with_o the_o hammer_n drive_v inward_a this_o muscle_n resist_v their_o motion_n that_o the_o tympane_n and_o the_o hammer_n shall_v not_o be_v constrain_v beyond_o their_o tether_n &_o so_o suffer_v laceration_n thus_o far_o placentinus_n varolius_n concern_v this_o matter_n for_o we_o account_v he_o also_o among_o our_o classicke_a author_n especial_o concern_v the_o head_n write_v on_o this_o manner_n ear_n varolius_n his_o use_n of_o a_o muscle_n in_o the_o ear_n although_o say_v he_o the_o sound_n do_v move_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v whither_o we_o will_v or_o no_o yet_o there_o be_v in_o we_o a_o kind_n of_o voluntary_a animadversion_n which_o we_o exercise_v in_o all_o our_o sense_n at_o our_o own_o pleasure_n when_o we_o will_v judge_v curious_o of_o any_o sensible_a thing_n wherefore_o as_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n man_n do_v voluntary_o direct_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o crystalline_a towards_o the_o object_n which_o they_o attentive_o behold_v so_o within_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v there_o be_v place_v a_o small_a muscle_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o forepart_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o articulation_n of_o the_o triangle_n so_o he_o call_v the_o stirrup_n with_o the_o anuil_n when_o this_o muscle_n be_v contract_v the_o triangle_n or_o stirrup_n be_v draw_v a_o little_a forward_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o anvile_n with_o the_o hammer_n yield_v thereto_o and_o approach_v more_o direct_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o tympane_n and_o at_o that_o time_n we_o hear_v with_o more_o attention_n and_o better_a judgement_n like_a as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o see_v the_o least_o visible_a object_n when_o we_o steadfast_o behold_v it_o by_o a_o line_n concentricall_a to_o the_o horny_a membrane_n the_o pupilla_fw-la and_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n some_o have_v imagine_v that_o the_o small_a bone_n of_o the_o care_n diverse_o move_v by_o this_o muscle_n do_v make_v within_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v many_o and_o different_a sort_n of_o sound_n who_o opinion_n we_o think_v sufficient_o confute_v by_o the_o former_a assignation_n which_o we_o make_v of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o muscle_n thus_o far_o varolius_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n albeit_o we_o purpose_v in_o the_o book_n of_o bone_n as_o particular_o as_o we_o can_v to_o follow_v their_o history_n yet_o because_o this_o stony_a bone_n and_o the_o dissection_n thereof_o be_v most_o e._n why_o we_o entreat_v of_o this_o bone_n he_o e._n necessary_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v we_o have_v determine_v to_o make_v our_o particular_a description_n thereof_o in_o this_o place_n and_o to_o pass_v it_o over_o with_o little_a more_o than_o bare_a mention_n in_o the_o book_n of_o bone_n although_o therefore_o as_o before_o be_v say_v the_o stony_a bone_n be_v within_o altogether_o canernous_a and_o spungy_a and_o that_o the_o ancient_n have_v make_v mention_n of_o one_o only_a den_n or_o cavity_n there_o in_o yet_o we_o will_v reckon_v unto_o you_o three_o notable_a one_o and_o of_o great_a moment_n which_o also_o the_o neoteric_o or_o late_a anatomist_n have_v call_v den_n and_o cave_n these_o den_n or_o cave_n be_v form_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o stonybone_n where_o it_o swell_v cavity_n 3._o cavity_n most_o to_o contain_v the_o organ_n of_o hear_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o membrane_n the_o three_o small_a bone_n the_o internal_a muscle_n the_o chord_n the_o auditory_a nerve_n and_o the_o inbred_a air_n which_o also_o be_v call_v the_o internal_a medium_n of_o this_o sense_n all_o which_o cave_n may_v more_o distinct_o and_o district_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o child_n then_o in_o grow_v man_n placentinus_n find_v they_o also_o very_o conspicuous_a in_o bird_n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o proper_a name_n borrow_v from_o external_a thing_n the_o first_o be_v call_v concha_n or_o tympanum_fw-la because_o it_o be_v like_o the_o shell_n of_o a_o wink_n or_o a_o taber_n name_n their_o name_n the_o second_o be_v call_v labyrinthus_n because_o of_o the_o turn_n therein_o and_o the_o three_o be_v call_v cochlea_n because_o it_o be_v like_o a_o snail_n shell_n the_o first_o table_n 10._o fig._n 2_o h_o from_o c_o to_o â—_o table_n 11._o qr_fw-la cavity_n be_v lay_v open_a when_o the_o membrane_n cavity_n the_o first_o cavity_n of_o the_o tympane_n be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v call_v concha_n as_o we_o say_v even_o now_o because_o it_o be_v like_o a_o winkle_n or_o periwinkle_n so_o acknowledge_v by_o aquapendens_fw-la placentinus_n arantius_n &_o our_o author_n bauhine_v although_o i_o know_v there_o be_v great_a contention_n against_o aristotle_n in_o this_o point_n who_o seem_v first_o to_o have_v give_v this_o name_n to_o this_o cavity_n but_o we_o stand_v not_o upon_o name_n so_o much_o so_o we_o know_v the_o thing_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n the_o better_a appellation_n as_o name_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n i_o seem_v be_v a_o tympane_n because_o this_o cavity_n cover_v with_o his_o membrane_n resemble_v a_o drum_n or_o taber_n for_o when_o the_o membrane_n be_v strike_v by_o the_o sound_v it_o resound_v again_o as_o a_o drum_n if_o it_o be_v beat_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n therein_o contain_v render_v a_o great_a sound_n coiter_v reprehend_v fallopius_n and_o platerus_n for_o this_o appellation_n because_o say_v he_o in_o this_o object_n coiter_v object_n cavity_n there_o be_v hole_n &_o window_n and_o diverse_a wind_n which_o a_o drum_n have_v not_o to_o who_o we_o answer_v that_o in_o man_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o drum_n or_o tympane_n from_o the_o use_n answer_v answer_v but_o in_o bruit_n beast_n not_o only_o from_o the_o use_n but_o also_o from_o the_o figure_n because_o in_o those_o creature_n that_o chaw_v the_o cud_n it_o be_v very_o like_a to_o a_o turkish_a drum_n this_o cavity_n be_v also_o call_v by_o coiter_v and_o placentinus_n the_o basin_n and_o the_o den_n it_o be_v excavate_v or_o hollow_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o stonybone_n betwixt_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mammillary_a process_n and_o the_o place_n where_o the_o head_n of_o the_o jaw_n be_v insert_v or_o fasten_v to_o his_o joint_n the_o utter_a part_n thereof_o regard_v the_o hole_n of_o hear_v from_o which_o it_o be_v only_o separate_v by_o the_o membrane_n table_n 10._o figu_n 2._o from_o b_o toward_z c._n hence_o it_o be_v that_o if_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v inflame_v or_o ulcerate_v upon_o the_o motion_n of_o note_n note_n the_o low_a jaw_n the_o patient_a be_v pain_v in_o his_o ear_n the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o cavity_n be_v by_o a_o thin_a scale_n distinguish_v from_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n table_n 10._o fig._n 2._o from_o h_z to_z l._n this_o first_o be_v the_o great_a cavity_n of_o the_o three_o and_o by_o a_o successive_a ingress_n or_o continuity_n of_o passage_n be_v join_v with_o they_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o inbred_a air_n &_o also_o receive_v at_o the_o same_o time_n diverse_a sound_n come_v from_o diverse_a quarter_n but_o because_o the_o internal_a air_n must_v first_o be_v move_v by_o that_o which_o be_v without_o and_o then_o transport_v the_o image_n of_o that_o sound_n wherewith_o it_o be_v move_v to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n it_o be_v very_o cavity_n the_o organ_n in_o this_o cavity_n necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v purge_v and_o keep_v pure_a from_o any_o stayn_v of_o corruption_n that_o like_o aneate_v glass_n it_o may_v represent_v the_o image_n offer_v unto_o it_o for_o this_o purification_n and_o expurgation_n of_o the_o inward_a air_n nature_n have_v place_v in_o this_o cavity_n diverse_a instrument_n some_o serve_v for_o pulsation_n some_o for_o traiection_n and_o some_o for_o expurgation_n for_o pulsation_n serve_v the_o three_o bone_n the_o chord_n and_o the_o muscle_n for_o traiection_n or_o conduction_n unto_o the_o other_o cavity_n serve_v two_o perforation_n common_o call_v fenestellae_fw-la or_o the_o window_n for_o expurgation_n there_o be_v a_o passage_n which_o lead_v into_o these_o palate_n all_o the_o particle_n do_v require_v a_o
passage_n enter_v into_o that_o secret_a bony_a canal_n which_o we_o call_v the_o watercourse_n and_o so_o creep_v towards_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n afterward_o it_o be_v reflect_v and_o enter_v into_o the_o first_o cavitie_n and_o fall_v downward_o and_o backward_o it_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o bone_n at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o lap_n of_o the_o ear_n and_o be_v subdivide_v into_o three_o especial_a branch_n the_o large_a and_o upper_a run_v out_o into_o the_o foreside_n and_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o outward_a ear_n the_o low_a derive_v through_o the_o jaw_n be_v distribute_v into_o the_o branch_n 3_o branch_n masseter_n muscle_n and_o the_o first_o muscle_n that_o move_v the_o cheek_n the_o three_o which_o be_v the_o middlemost_a be_v very_o small_a and_o capillary_a and_o be_v dissiminate_v into_o the_o glandulous_a and_o membranous_a part_n about_o the_o root_n of_o the_o ear_n there_o be_v also_o other_o threedy_a surcle_n which_o be_v nerve_n small_a thread_n of_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n spend_v into_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o larynx_n or_o throttle_v and_o of_o the_o bone_n hyois_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o consent_n between_o the_o ear_n the_o tongue_n and_o the_o larynx_n hence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o when_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n be_v original_o and_o in_o the_o first_o conformation_n obstruct_v those_o that_o be_v bear_v dumb_a why_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v deaf_a be_v also_o dumb_a deaf_a be_v also_o dumb_a and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o nerve_n the_o thick_a part_n of_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v soft_a and_o be_v proper_o the_o nerve_n of_o hear_v because_o it_o of_o itself_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o sense_n be_v lead_v through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o foresay_a passage_n and_o run_v out_o into_o the_o den_n or_o cave_n of_o the_o stony_a process_n yet_o the_o large_a branch_n do_v determine_v hear_v the_o very_a nerve_n of_o hear_v in_o the_o first_o cavitie_n as_o be_v the_o large_a and_o of_o most_o use_n where_o they_o be_v dilate_v like_o a_o membrane_n and_o make_v the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o hear_v wherefore_o the_o receive_a opinion_n be_v that_o in_o this_o cavity_n the_o sense_n of_o hear_v be_v especial_o administer_v because_o into_o it_o the_o animal_n spirit_n enter_v through_o the_o nerve_n &_o be_v there_o mix_v with_o the_o inbred_a air_n out_o of_o this_o 1._o cavity_n through_o small_a proforation_n of_o the_o foresay_a cavitie_n run_v certain_a small_a thread_n into_o the_o other_o two_o cavity_n which_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o membrane_n wherewith_o they_o be_v compass_v the_o use_n of_o this_o nerve_n be_v according_a to_o galen_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o eight_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la it_o the_o use_n of_o it_o partium_fw-la &_o auerrhoe_n 2._o collect._n to_o be_v the_o organ_n of_o hear_v and_o to_o receive_v the_o sensible_a object_n that_o come_v from_o without_o and_o to_o lead_v the_o image_n of_o the_o sound_n unto_o the_o brain_n as_o unto_o their_o competent_a judge_n and_o censor_n say_v laurentius_n but_o from_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o four_o conjugation_n of_o the_o brain_n there_o depart_v a_o very_a chord_n the_o chord_n small_a surcle_n which_o with_o a_o wind_a passage_n enter_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ear_n near_o the_o bony_a canal_n which_o go_v to_o the_o palate_n than_o it_o cleave_v oblique_o to_o the_o tympane_n and_o after_o to_o the_o hammer_n above_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o proceed_v on_o perforate_v the_o stony_a bone_n in_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o hear_n then_o a_o little_a reflect_v it_o creep_v eustachius_n eustachius_n downward_o till_o it_o meet_v and_o join_v itself_o with_o a_o small_a and_o hard_a branch_n of_o the_o five_o conjugation_n this_o eustachius_n call_v a_o nerve_n other_o call_v it_o the_o chord_n or_o thread_n which_o say_v they_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n but_o whence_o it_o arise_v and_o whither_o it_o will_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o nerve_n or_o a_o artery_n they_o free_o confess_v that_o they_o be_v ignorant_a chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o implant_v or_o inbred_a air_n galen_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n determine_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o sight_n be_v lucid_a or_o bright_a that_o of_o the_o hear_n acreall_a that_o of_o the_o smell_v vaporous_a that_o of_o the_o taste_n moist_a and_o that_o of_o the_o touch_v earthy_a wherefore_o when_o we_o say_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o hear_n be_v airy_a or_o like_v unto_o air_n we_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o man_n body_n take_v the_o generate_v the_o object_n of_o all_o the_o sense_n plato_n how_o this_o air_n be_v generate_v word_n part_v in_o a_o large_a signification_n which_o imitate_v the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o air_n this_o air_n of_o which_o plato_n among_o the_o philosopher_n make_v first_o mention_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o ear_n from_o the_o first_o original_n of_o our_o generation_n in_o the_o womb_n of_o our_o mother_n i_o mean_v as_o soon_o as_o there_o be_v empty_a cavity_n hollow_v in_o the_o bone_n all_o which_o be_v fill_v with_o this_o air_n and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o physician_n yea_o aristotle_n himself_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o the_o 83_o text_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o the_o â—_z of_o it_o or_o inbred_a other_o call_v it_o congenit_fw-la implant_v complant_v and_o inaedificate_v it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o airy_a part_n of_o the_o seed_n and_o that_o very_o pure_a to_o which_o the_o pure_a airy_a part_n of_o the_o mother_n blood_n appli_v itself_o as_o to_o a_o body_n most_o like_a unto_o itself_o say_v archangelus_n this_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ear_n which_o may_v be_v prove_v because_o all_o the_o den_n contain_v where_o contain_v and_o cavity_n except_v the_o first_o in_o which_o be_v the_o small_a bone_n the_o muscle_n &_o the_o chord_n be_v empty_a see_v therefore_o there_o be_v in_o nature_n no_o vacuity_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o these_o empty_a cavity_n must_v be_v full_a of_o air_n this_o air_n be_v thin_a pure_a without_o any_o sound_n at_o all_o immoovable_a plentiful_a &_o separate_v air_n the_o nature_n of_o this_o air_n from_o the_o external_a air_n thin_a &_o pure_a that_o it_o may_v more_o ready_o and_o more_o perfect_o admit_v any_o external_a sound_n for_o through_o a_o crass_a and_o cloudy_a air_n the_o sound_n be_v not_o so_o free_o carry_v but_o hear_v with_o more_o difficulty_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o man_n voice_n in_o winter_n be_v base_a problem_n pure_a arist_n problem_n than_o in_o summer_n because_o as_o say_v the_o philosopher_n in_o the_o 17._o problem_n of_o the_o 11._o section_n both_o the_o inward_a and_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v thick_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n now_o be_v thick_a it_o be_v move_v more_o slow_o this_o air_n be_v without_o any_o sound_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o night_n we_o may_v hear_v better_a because_o problem_n without_o sound_n arist_n problem_n there_o be_v no_o noise_n stir_v as_o aristotle_n teach_v in_o the_o 33._o problem_n of_o the_o 11._o section_n ad_fw-la hereto_o that_o which_o he_o in_o the_o same_o place_n add_v that_o in_o the_o day_n time_n the_o air_n be_v dense_a because_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o light_n and_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o in_o the_o night_n more_o rare_a because_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o beam_n be_v depart_v thereout_o wherefore_o the_o outward_a air_n which_o be_v alter_v by_o sound_n and_o like_o a_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n bound_v to_o the_o ear_n be_v not_o admit_v into_o the_o inward_a ear_n neither_o do_v it_o touch_v the_o implant_v air_n for_o if_o it_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v will_v have_v be_v imperfect_a and_o the_o instrument_n will_v soon_o have_v be_v vitiate_a which_o aristotle_n prove_v by_o a_o instance_n in_o those_o instance_n aristotle_n instance_n that_o yaw_n in_o the_o 29_o problem_n of_o the_o 11._o section_n and_o in_o his_o five_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la and_o the_o second_o chapter_n for_o when_o we_o yawn_v we_o can_v hear_v so_o distinctlie_o because_o yawn_v why_o we_o can_v hear_v well_o when_o we_o yawn_v much_o of_o the_o air_n we_o breathe_v forth_o get_v into_o the_o ear_n insomuch_o that_o we_o may_v sensible_o perceyve_v the_o motion_n thereof_o for_o when_o the_o internal_a air_n resist_v the_o occursation_n of_o the_o outward_a there_o arise_v a_o noise_n in_o the_o ear_n which_o noise_n as_o also_o the_o circumaction_n or_o
disturbance_n of_o the_o spirit_n hinder_v our_o hear_n whilst_o it_o be_v again_o appease_v again_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o implant_v air_n shall_v be_v immoovable_a by_o itself_o or_o of_o it_o own_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v exact_o receive_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n of_o motion_n say_v immooveable_a immooveable_a aristotle_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr aniwa_n other_o say_v it_o be_v immooveable_a because_o it_o be_v not_o move_v by_o any_o other_o but_o remain_v always_o the_o same_o in_o the_o ear_n other_o because_o it_o have_v no_o natural_a sound_n but_o be_v fit_a to_o receive_v all_o difference_n of_o sound_n say_v laurentius_n but_o that_o the_o inward_a air_n ought_v to_o be_v quiet_a and_o immoovable_a may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o indisposition_n we_o have_v in_o our_o hear_n when_o we_o be_v trouble_v with_o hiss_v or_o sing_v noise_n in_o our_o head_n yet_o be_v this_o air_n mooveable_a not_o of_o it_o own_o accord_n but_o because_o it_o be_v move_v movable_a how_o it_o be_v movable_a with_o the_o least_o impulsion_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n and_o be_v stir_v with_o local_a motion_n for_o when_o the_o outward_a air_n move_v the_o membrane_n of_o the_o drum_n the_o internal_a air_n be_v also_o move_v that_o it_o may_v receive_v a_o form_n like_o to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v make_v it_o be_v plentiful_a for_o plenty_n be_v require_v for_o the_o full_a reception_n of_o the_o sound_n some_o say_v that_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o receive_v many_o sound_n offer_v unto_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o placentinus_n say_v plentiful_a plentiful_a it_o do_v not_o receive_v many_o sound_n because_o of_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o the_o part_n thereof_o because_o each_o sound_n be_v receive_v by_o every_o little_a particle_n thereof_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o external_a air_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n air_n separate_a from_o the_o outward_a air_n lest_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v shall_v be_v offend_v for_o if_o the_o external_a air_n shall_v have_v get_v into_o the_o inward_a air_n if_o it_o have_v be_v either_o too_o cold_a or_o too_o hot_a it_o will_v have_v violate_v the_o auditory_a nerve_n and_o by_o continuity_n the_o after-braine_n also_o and_o the_o brain_n itself_o moreover_o if_o the_o external_a air_n shall_v have_v be_v immediate_o join_v and_o commix_v with_o the_o internal_a see_v the_o external_a be_v in_o perpetual_a motion_n thick_a impure_a oftentimes_o also_o smoky_a and_o full_a of_o small_a creature_n it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v avoid_v but_o that_o the_o hear_v will_v thereby_o have_v be_v impair_v if_o not_o perish_v for_o the_o inbred_a air_n also_o will_v have_v become_v thick_a smoky_a and_o also_o fill_v with_o those_o small_a animal_n it_o will_v also_o have_v sometime_o happen_v in_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n that_o the_o inbred_a air_n and_o with_o it_o the_o animal_n spirit_n must_v have_v be_v shoulder_v out_o of_o their_o proper_a place_n and_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v quite_o ram_v up_o furthermore_o this_o benefit_n we_o have_v by_o the_o membrane_n that_o separate_v the_o external_a from_o the_o implant_v air_n that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v under_o water_n the_o water_n can_v pierce_v into_o his_o head_n or_o take_v away_o his_o sense_n of_o hear_v as_o those_o diverse_a find_v by_o experience_n who_o for_o fish_n or_o pearl_n or_o any_o such_o like_a occasion_n do_v use_v to_o dive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n neither_o be_v this_o implant_v air_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n that_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v of_o but_o have_v only_o a_o similitude_n therewith_o which_o we_o may_v gather_v out_o of_o these_o word_n of_o galen_n neither_o air_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o implant_v air_n be_v every_o instrument_n of_o sense_n change_v alter_v or_o affect_v by_o every_o sensible_a object_n but_o that_o which_o be_v bright_a and_o lightsome_a be_v alter_v by_o colour_n that_o which_o be_v airy_a by_o sound_n that_o which_o be_v vaporous_a by_o odour_n and_o in_o a_o word_n that_o which_o be_v like_a be_v familiar_a to_o his_o like_a wherefore_o we_o esteem_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o air_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o animal_n spirit_n which_o also_o be_v airy_a and_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o the_o conservation_n and_o refection_n of_o spirit_n like_o the_o animal_n spirit_n the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o for_o this_o implant_v air_n be_v successive_o generate_v and_o again_o dissipate_v as_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v continual_o spend_v in_o the_o animal_n action_n and_o again_o every_o day_n regenerate_v in_o like_a manner_n this_o air_n that_o be_v breed_v in_o the_o ear_n be_v at_o least_o a_o part_n of_o it_o continual_o dissipate_v and_o generate_v again_o for_o if_o it_o shall_v altogether_o be_v exhaust_v restore_v how_o nourish_v and_o restore_v or_o spend_v we_o shall_v utter_o loose_v our_o hear_n now_o it_o be_v strengthen_v and_o have_v his_o refection_n from_o the_o air_n which_o we_o draw_v in_o by_o our_o nostril_n and_o through_o our_o mouth_n especial_o by_o that_o which_o enter_v at_o the_o mouth_n for_o there_o be_v a_o patent_n and_o open_a passage_n through_o the_o canale_n which_o we_o have_v before_o speak_v of_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n into_o the_o ear_n by_o which_o passage_n also_o we_o say_v before_o that_o the_o ear_n be_v purge_v simplicius_n the_o philosopher_n have_v deliver_v not_o that_o this_o air_n be_v like_o the_o animal_n spirit_n coyter_v simplicius_n coyter_v but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n animate_v or_o have_v a_o life_n of_o it_o own_o whereby_o it_o subsi_v coiter_v call_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n archangelus_n conceive_v that_o it_o be_v nourish_v by_o blood_n who_o opinion_n we_o will_v here_o set_v down_o that_o those_o that_o list_n may_v judge_v of_o it_o archangelus_n a_o passage_n out_o of_o archangelus_n the_o airy_a body_n say_v he_o be_v nourish_v by_o blood_n bring_v by_o the_o vein_n and_o that_o per_fw-la diadosin_n that_o be_v by_o transumption_n as_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v nourish_v by_o be_v what_o diadosis_n or_o transumption_n be_v the_o glassy_a humour_n by_o this_o diadosis_n or_o transumption_n for_o there_o redound_v out_o of_o the_o glassy_a humour_n as_o much_o as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o crystalline_a like_a as_o the_o glassy_a humour_n transume_v from_o the_o membrane_n call_v aranea_fw-la or_o the_o cobweb_n a_o aliment_n accommodate_v and_o proportionable_a to_o itself_o and_o this_o come_v to_o pass_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o coat_n call_v aranea_fw-la or_o the_o cobweb_n there_o be_v vein_n by_o who_o blood_n it_o be_v nourish_v after_o the_o cobweb_n be_v satisfy_v that_o which_o redound_v or_o be_v superfluous_a be_v transume_v by_o the_o glassy_a humour_n when_o the_o glassy_a humour_n be_v satisfy_v with_o norishment_n that_o which_o remain_v be_v transume_v by_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n as_o a_o fit_a nourishment_n for_o it_o so_o that_o the_o crystalline_a be_v nourish_v by_o a_o aliment_n prepare_v by_o the_o vitrious_a humour_n &_o the_o vitrious_a or_o glassy_a humour_n be_v nourish_v by_o a_o aliment_n prepare_v by_o the_o cobweb_n to_o wit_n either_o of_o the_o other_o superfluity_n or_o leave_n nourish_v how_o the_o air_n be_v nourish_v the_o same_o happen_v in_o the_o airy_a instrument_n of_o hear_v for_o the_o membrane_n that_o invest_v it_o receive_v vein_n and_o be_v nourish_v with_o their_o blood_n that_o which_o abound_v beside_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o membrane_n be_v now_o far_o alter_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o blood_n be_v attract_v and_o transume_v by_o that_o airy_n body_n into_o his_o proper_a nourishment_n but_o that_o this_o instrument_n of_o hear_v may_v have_v not_o only_o venal_a nourishment_n but_o arterial_a life_n also_o and_o with_o it_o all_o the_o part_n that_o be_v subordinate_a and_o minister_a to_o it_o there_o be_v certain_a artery_n which_o be_v derive_v into_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v thus_o far_o archan_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o this_o implant_v air_n our_o author_n be_v full_a of_o diversity_n aristotle_n air_n the_o use_n of_o this_o air_n in_o the_o 10._o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr partibus_fw-la animalium_fw-la and_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o five_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la call_v it_o audiendi_fw-la sensorium_fw-la the_o very_a sense_n of_o aristotle_n diverse_a opinion_n aristotle_n hear_v itself_o and_o true_o the_o ancient_n have_v all_o deliver_v that_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n say_v
that_o the_o nature_n of_o hear_v be_v airy_a mundinus_n say_v there_o be_v a_o audible_a spirit_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n which_o be_v the_o mundinus_n mundinus_n instrument_n of_o hear_v carpus_n thus_o the_o implant_v air_n receyve_v the_o species_n or_o form_n which_o be_v bring_v carpus_n carpus_n to_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v varolius_fw-la the_o include_v airy_a spirit_n be_v the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o hear_v archangelus_n varolius_fw-la coiter_v archangelus_n coiter_v this_o air_n be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v yea_o a_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n archangelus_n it_o be_v the_o most_o principal_a instrument_n of_o hear_v which_o the_o faculty_n use_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o sound_n and_o voice_n and_o in_o judge_v of_o they_o aquapendens_fw-la the_o office_n of_o this_o air_n be_v to_o receive_v outward_a and_o external_a sound_n &_o so_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a author_n of_o hear_v aquapendens_fw-la aquapendens_fw-la placentinus_n it_o be_v the_o matter_n which_o receyve_v the_o sound_n the_o medium_fw-la wherethrough_a it_o be_v transport_v for_o after_o it_o have_v receyve_v a_o sound_n it_o do_v not_o conceyve_v it_o or_o judge_v of_o placentinus_n placentinus_n it_o as_o be_v a_o thing_n inanimate_v now_o no_o action_n of_o the_o soul_n can_v be_v perform_v by_o that_o which_o be_v not_o animate_v laurentius_n this_o air_n be_v exceed_o necessary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v without_o which_o i_o can_v laurentius_n laurentius_n scarce_o conceive_v how_o we_o shall_v hear_v at_o all_o but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v i_o can_v never_o be_v persuade_v especial_o because_o it_o be_v not_o animate_v but_o rather_o i_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o internal_a medium_fw-la final_o our_o author_n bauhine_n set_v down_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o these_o term_n this_o air_n the_o faculty_n of_o hear_v use_v as_o a_o internal_a medium_fw-la for_o the_o susception_n and_o transvection_n bauhine_v bauhine_v or_o transportation_n of_o sound_v and_o voice_n to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n by_o it_o to_o be_v discern_v like_v as_o in_o all_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n there_o be_v require_v a_o double_a medium_fw-la the_o one_o outward_a the_o other_o inward_a inward_a as_o in_o the_o sight_n the_o watery_a humour_n in_o the_o taste_n the_o spittle_n in_o the_o smell_v the_o spongy_a bone_n in_o the_o touch_v the_o skin_n be_v the_o internal_a medium_fw-la a_o inward_a &_o a_o outward_a medium_fw-la medium_fw-la although_o i_o know_v laurentius_n will_v have_v it_o the_o cuticle_n in_o which_o the_o form_n or_o idea_n of_o thing_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o so_o naked_a be_v transport_v unto_o the_o first_o sensator_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n the_o implant_v air_n be_v gather_v in_o the_o inward_a ear_n to_o receive_v the_o abstract_a form_n of_o the_o sound_n and_o to_o transport_v they_o or_o convey_v they_o unto_o the_o sense_n again_o as_o in_o all_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o internal_a medium_fw-la be_v distinct_a and_o a_o hear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o chief_a organ_n of_o hear_v differ_a thing_n from_o the_o principal_a organ_n to_o which_o the_o action_n particular_o belong_v as_o in_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n the_o watery_a humour_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o internal_a medium_fw-la but_o the_o chrystaline_a the_o principal_a part_n receive_v the_o representation_n but_o not_o judge_v of_o they_o so_o in_o the_o hear_v the_o internal_a medium_fw-la be_v this_o implant_v air_n but_o the_o principal_a part_n be_v the_o auditory_a nerve_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o judge_v of_o the_o idea_n but_o conduct_v it_o to_o the_o brain_n that_o be_v to_o the_o first_o sensator_fw-la chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o hear_v and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o sound_v consider_v that_o to_o entreat_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o hear_v belong_v rather_o to_o a_o philosopher_n then_o to_o anatomist_n we_o will_v be_v but_o brief_a herein_o yet_o something_o we_o think_v good_a to_o say_v because_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n the_o ear_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v and_o the_o action_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la three_o thing_n require_v to_o sensation_n object_n definition_n of_o a_o sound_n medium_fw-la sense_n of_o hear_v unto_o this_o sense_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n require_v a_o object_n a_o medium_fw-la and_o a_o instrument_n the_o object_n be_v that_o which_o be_v audible_a that_o be_v all_z sounds_z a_o sound_n be_v a_o quality_n yssue_v out_o of_o the_o air_n coiter_v add_v or_o the_o water_n beat_v by_o sudden_a and_o forcible_a collision_n or_o concurrence_n of_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n and_o those_o smooth_a concavous_a and_o large_a this_o definition_n we_o will_v labot_n to_o explain_v in_o this_o follow_a discourse_n the_o 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that_o general_o the_o philosopher_n and_o physician_n do_v determine_v that_o the_o inbred_a air_n be_v the_o especial_a and_o proper_a organ_n of_o hear_v because_o as_o in_o the_o eye_n the_o chrystaline_a receive_v the_o object_n that_o be_v the_o light_n so_o this_o inbred_a air_n receive_v the_o sound_n yet_o we_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o not_o this_o air_n but_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n be_v the_o principal_a instrument_n for_o we_o think_v with_o galen_n that_o not_o only_o the_o alteration_n or_o reception_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o inbred_a air_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v but_o also_o the_o dignotion_n or_o judgement_n of_o that_o alteration_n wherefore_o sound_v and_o voice_n be_v transfer_v by_o this_o air_n to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n as_o unto_o the_o substance_n that_o be_v apprehensive_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o common_a sense_n where_o they_o be_v exquisite_o judge_v off_o for_o if_o they_o must_v be_v know_v and_o perceive_v then_o must_v they_o 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sound_n also_o of_o the_o bell_n will_v be_v take_v from_o us._n so_o also_o when_o two_o hard_a body_n be_v smite_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o we_o see_v the_o purcussion_n before_o we_o hear_v the_o sound_n for_o we_o do_v not_o hear_v the_o sound_n before_o the_o air_n that_o be_v move_v do_o bring_v the_o sound_n with_o it_o to_o our_o ear_n neither_o be_v that_o motion_n make_v in_o a_o moment_n but_o in_o time_n and_o be_v carry_v swift_a or_o slow_a as_o the_o percussion_n of_o of_o the_o resist_a body_n be_v more_o or_o less_o vehement_a and_o quick_a for_o this_o the_o philosopher_n require_v in_o sound_n and_o consequent_o the_o repercussion_n or_o repulse_n of_o the_o air_n so_o we_o see_v in_o a_o drum_n if_o the_o skin_n or_o vellum_n be_v moist_a and_o lax_n either_o they_o will_v not_o sound_v at_o all_o or_o they_o make_v but_o a_o dull_a noise_n the_o
aer_fw-la be_v affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n drive_v &_o alter_v that_o air_n that_o be_v next_o it_o and_o so_o by_o succession_n till_o the_o alteration_n come_v to_o the_o air_n that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o compatision_n how_o the_o scund_a attainerh_n to_o the_o eare._n a_o fit_a compatision_n outward_a ear_n even_o as_o when_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o water_n it_o stir_v up_o circle_n which_o drive_v one_o the_o other_o till_o the_o water_n moveagainst_a the_o brink_n or_o if_o the_o water_n be_v broad_a do_v of_o it_o own_o accord_n determine_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v generate_v certain_a circle_n which_o move_v one_o another_o till_o by_o succession_n they_o come_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v which_o continuation_n of_o the_o air_n thus_o beat_v avicen_n and_o the_o ancient_a anatomist_n call_v undam_fw-la vocalem_fw-la the_o vocal_a wave_n vocalis_fw-la vnda_fw-la vocalis_fw-la but_o if_o the_o stone_n be_v great_a and_o violent_o throw_v into_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o drive_v the_o circle_n vehement_o to_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o pond_n then_o will_v those_o circle_n be_v repel_v again_o and_o so_o run_v double_v and_o huddle_v to_o the_o first_o circle_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o we_o hallow_v or_o speak_v aloud_o against_o any_o arch_a place_n or_o against_o a_o wood_n or_o a_o mountain_n the_o voice_n will_v be_v double_v and_o a_o echo_n will_v answer_v us._n but_o all_o air_n do_v not_o alike_o receive_v a_o sound_n for_o a_o pure_a thin_a and_o clear_a air_n which_o be_v sound_n what_o air_n be_v fit_a to_o receine_v a_o sound_n vehement_o and_o sudden_o strike_v by_o two_o hard_a body_n who_o superficies_n be_v broad_a will_v soon_o receive_v the_o sound_n and_o represent_v it_o more_o smart_o than_o if_o the_o air_n or_o the_o body_n be_v not_o so_o prepare_v a_o needle_n strike_v against_o a_o needle_n will_v not_o make_v a_o sound_n though_o they_o be_v hard_a body_n because_o their_o superficies_n be_v narrow_a and_o not_o broad_a and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n but_o above_o all_o that_o air_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o concavous_a or_o hollow_a place_n do_v best_a receive_v the_o species_n of_o sound_n because_o in_o the_o reflection_n there_o be_v many_o percussion_n beside_o the_o first_o for_o the_o reverberation_n of_o the_o air_n make_v much_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o we_o may_v see_v in_o den_n cave_n wood_n hollow_a mountain_n well_n and_o such_o like_a which_o will_v not_o only_o return_v again_o the_o sound_n that_o they_o receive_v but_o sometime_o also_o the_o very_a articulate_a word_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o nature_n and_o generation_n of_o sound_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a philosophical_a disquisition_n and_o therefore_o we_o pass_v it_o over_o more_o brief_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o show_v how_o the_o outward_a air_n that_o be_v beat_v be_v communicate_v with_o the_o implant_v air_n and_o the_o internal_a part_n but_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o this_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o let_v you_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o diverse_a opinion_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o of_o the_o modern_a writer_n concern_v the_o manner_n how_o empedocles_n how_o divets_n opinion_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o hear_v 1._o empedocles_n hear_v be_v make_v for_o upon_o that_o very_a point_n we_o now_o be_v the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o empedocles_n who_o think_v that_o this_o sense_n of_o hear_v be_v make_v because_o the_o air_n offer_v a_o kind_n of_o violence_n to_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o ear_n for_o because_o the_o inward_a ear_n be_v intorted_a like_o a_o winkle-shell_n and_o hang_v as_o a_o bell_n in_o thou_o steeple_n of_o the_o body_n it_o easy_o perceive_v all_o appulsion_n of_o the_o air_n the_o second_o be_v that_o of_o alcmeon_n who_o think_v that_o we_o therefore_o hear_v because_o our_o alcmeon_n our_o 2._o alcmeon_n ear_n be_v within_o empty_a for_o all_o empty_a thing_n do_v resound_v if_o the_o sound_n get_v into_o they_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o diogenes_n who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o head_n there_o be_v a_o air_n which_o be_v diogenes_n be_v 3._o diogenes_n smite_v by_o the_o voice_n and_o so_o move_v against_o who_o hypocrates_n write_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o author_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o brain_n yield_v a_o sound_n which_o can_v be_v for_o the_o brain_n itself_o be_v moist_a now_o no_o moist_a thing_n will_v resound_v but_o that_o only_a which_o be_v dry_a the_o four_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la in_o homine_fw-la first_o of_o all_o hypocrates_n all_o 4._o hypocrates_n say_v he_o the_o care_n be_v perforate_v and_o in_o that_o part_n we_o hear_v yet_o the_o empty_a place_n about_o the_o ear_n do_v hear_v nothing_o but_o a_o confuse_a noise_n but_o that_o which_o enter_v through_o the_o membrane_n into_o the_o brain_n that_o be_v distinct_o hear_v where_o there_o be_v a_o perforation_n through_o the_o membrane_n which_o invest_v the_o brain_n and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la we_o hear_v because_o the_o hole_n of_o our_o ear_n reach_v unto_o the_o dry_a and_o stony_a bone_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o canal_n or_o fistulous_a cavity_n against_o which_o hard_a bone_n the_o sound_n do_v beat_v and_o the_o hollow_a bone_n because_o of_o his_o hardness_n yield_v a_o reasonance_n now_o in_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v near_o that_o hard_a bone_n there_o be_v a_o thin_a film_n like_o a_o cobweb_n the_o dry_a of_o all_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o body_n but_o that_o which_o be_v the_o dry_a be_v fit_a to_o conceive_v or_o receive_v a_o sound_n as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o argument_n when_o this_o membrane_n therefore_o yield_v the_o great_a resonance_n than_o we_o hear_v best_a the_o five_o be_v plato_n opinion_n the_o air_n that_o be_v implant_v in_o the_o ear_n be_v beat_v that_o pulsation_n be_v transmit_v into_o the_o principal_a seat_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o so_o we_o hear_v plato_n hear_v 5._o plato_n the_o sixth_o be_v aristotle_n we_o hear_v say_v he_o when_o the_o air_n be_v move_v by_o two_o solid_a body_n aristotle_n body_n 6._o aristotle_n that_o which_o be_v beat_v have_v a_o plain_a superficies_n that_o from_o thence_o the_o air_n may_v result_v the_o concussion_n of_o these_o two_o body_n must_v be_v vehement_a that_o the_o air_n between_o they_o may_v not_o diffuse_v itself_o but_o be_v apprehend_v and_o smite_v before_o his_o dissipation_n for_o so_o only_a the_o sound_n result_v and_o fill_v the_o air_n by_o continuation_n even_o to_o the_o ear_n now_o in_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a implant_v air_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o when_o the_o external_a air_n be_v move_v the_o internal_a receyve_v therefrom_o a_o motion_n and_o agitation_n which_o otherwise_o of_o itself_o be_v immoovable_a so_o as_o it_o exact_o perceyve_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o external_a air_n thus_o be_v the_o hear_v begin_v and_o perfect_v in_o the_o air_n seaventh_o galen_n in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o eight_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a galen_n necessary_a 7._o galen_n say_v he_o that_o from_o the_o brain_n a_o certain_a surcle_n shall_v be_v propagate_v downwarde_a to_o the_o ear_n which_o may_v receive_v the_o sensible_a object_n come_v from_o without_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o voice_n or_o a_o sound_n make_v by_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n for_o the_o motion_n that_o be_v cause_v by_o such_o a_o percussion_n diffuse_v itself_o like_o a_o storm_n of_o wind_n or_o rain_n or_o like_o a_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n till_o it_o ascend_v unto_o the_o brain_n thus_o far_o the_o ancient_n who_o most_o of_o they_o if_o not_o all_o be_v ignorant_a or_o at_o least_o much_o to_o seek_v in_o the_o exact_a anatomy_n of_o the_o eye_n among_o the_o late_a writer_n vesalius_n and_o his_o adherent_n have_v it_o thus_o vesalius_n thus_o 8._o vesalius_n a_o nerve_n of_o the_o five_o conjugation_n proceed_v through_o a_o torted_a and_o writhen_a passage_n and_o extend_v itself_o into_o a_o membrane_n wherewith_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v stop_v which_o membrane_n be_v thin_a dry_a and_o well_o stretch_v &_o beat_v by_o the_o outward_a air_n make_v a_o sound_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o his_o turn_a gyration_n much_o like_o the_o shell_n of_o a_o snail_n or_o periwinkle_n columbus_n so_o also_o we_o hear_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o nerve_n of_o the_o five_o conjugation_n which_o at_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o labyrinth_n become_v thick_a but_o
yet_o make_v not_o the_o membrane_n messa_n say_v that_o the_o sound_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o small_a bone_n and_o thence_o we_o hear_v messa_n hear_v 9_o messa_n volcherus_fw-la coiter_v the_o outward_a air_n affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n run_v coiter_v run_v 10._o coiter_v upon_o the_o membrane_n or_o head_n of_o the_o drum_n which_o when_o it_o be_v beat_v move_v the_o small_a bone_n that_o be_v tie_v to_o it_o the_o bone_n strike_v the_o nerve_n that_o run_v overthwart_o the_o membrane_n the_o same_o nerve_n make_v a_o repercussion_n upon_o the_o membrane_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o air_n include_v receyve_v the_o alteration_n and_o the_o sound_n the_o sound_v without_o any_o disturbance_n be_v carry_v through_o the_o contort_a meander_n of_o the_o ear_n to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n which_o receyve_v the_o image_n of_o the_o noise_n and_o present_v it_o to_o the_o principal_a sensator_fw-la laurentius_n have_v almost_o the_o very_a same_o in_o substance_n the_o outward_a aer_fw-la say_v he_o be_v strike_v laurentius_n strike_v 11._o laurentius_n by_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n and_o affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n alter_v the_o air_n that_o be_v next_o unto_o it_o till_o by_o a_o continuation_n it_o come_v to_o the_o ear_n where_o it_o first_o encounter_v with_o the_o membrane_n the_o membrane_n be_v strike_v move_v the_o three_o little_a bone_n and_o transmit_v in_o a_o moment_n the_o lively_a character_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o character_n be_v receyve_v by_o the_o implant_v air_n and_o through_o the_o window_n it_o send_v it_o through_o these_o crooked_a and_o wind_a labyrinth_n into_o the_o snail_n shell_n from_o whence_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v conveygh_v to_o the_o common_a sense_n as_o unto_o a_o equal_a judge_n or_o censor_n archangelus_n have_v it_o on_o this_o manner_n as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v understande_v he_o the_o thing_n that_o archangelus_n that_o 11._o archangelus_n make_v the_o sound_n seal_v or_o stamp_v in_o the_o air_n the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o the_o sound_n and_o withal_o drive_v it_o on_o unto_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v also_o airy_a that_o it_o may_v better_o receive_v those_o species_n and_o must_v likewise_o be_v move_v wherefore_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear_n stand_v always_o open_a and_o in_o his_o inside_n support_v the_o stretch_a membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n behind_o which_o the_o airy_a instrument_n of_o hear_v be_v conclude_v or_o shut_v up_o and_o to_o which_o the_o anvile_n cleave_v when_o the_o outward_a air_n attain_v to_o that_o membrane_n the_o hammer_n beat_v upon_o the_o anvile_n and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v necessary_o that_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v by_o which_o he_o understand_v the_o implant_v air_n it_o move_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n that_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v move_v whence_o it_o be_v that_o altogether_o the_o same_o species_n or_o similitude_n of_o sound_n move_v the_o faculty_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v bring_v thither_o by_o the_o outward_a air_n now_o the_o nerve_n of_o hear_v do_v determine_v into_o the_o same_o place_n where_o this_o airy_a instrument_n of_o hear_v be_v conclude_v and_o a_o membrane_n make_v of_o the_o amplification_n of_o these_o nerve_n encompass_v that_o airy_a body_n as_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v arrive_v at_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n and_o as_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v convey_v upon_o the_o wing_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o common_a sense_n the_o visive_a faculty_n to_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n so_o these_o nerve_n from_o the_o same_o common_a sense_n do_v transport_v the_o faculty_n of_o hear_v to_o the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o perception_n make_v of_o audible_a thing_n and_o so_o the_o hear_v when_o it_o have_v apprehend_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o audible_a thing_n carry_v it_o to_o the_o soul_n and_o then_o the_o reason_n or_o the_o intellectual_a or_o sensative_a soul_n comprehend_v and_o take_v knowledge_n of_o that_o which_o make_v the_o sound_n to_o be_v a_o bell_n or_o a_o drum_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n final_o bauhine_v my_o author_n i_o call_v he_o so_o often_o my_o author_n to_o stop_v their_o mouth_n bauhine_v mouth_n 13._o bauhine_v who_o will_v think_v that_o i_o shall_v arragate_v too_o much_o to_o myself_o if_o i_o shall_v not_o acknowledge_v he_o from_o who_o i_o have_v take_v most_o of_o this_o history_n express_v it_o on_o this_o manner_n the_o outward_a air_n be_v a_o external_a medium_fw-la which_o be_v drive_v and_o move_v by_o the_o mutual_a percussion_n of_o two_o hard_a body_n and_o affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n carry_v the_o sound_n which_o result_v from_o that_o percussion_n unto_o the_o eare._n the_o sound_n pass_v through_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v always_o open_a unto_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n which_o it_o move_v that_o membrane_n be_v move_v the_o implant_v or_o inbred_a air_n be_v also_o move_v and_o receive_v the_o sound_n or_o at_o least_o his_o character_n or_o impression_n and_o transport_v it_o out_o of_o the_o first_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o stirrup_n and_o the_o ouall_a window_n to_o the_o other_o two_o cavity_n which_o we_o call_v the_o labyrinth_n and_o the_o snayle-shel_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n and_o to_o the_o original_n thereof_o that_o be_v the_o afterbrain_n and_o so_o to_o the_o common_a sense_n as_o unto_o a_o judge_n that_o be_v able_a to_o determine_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n and_o because_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n be_v join_v in_o the_o bridge_n of_o the_o afterbrain_n from_o whence_o they_o proceed_v therefore_o all_o sound_n be_v apprehend_v in_o one_o comprehension_n not_o in_o two_o though_o there_o be_v two_o ear_n that_o be_v two_o organ_n of_o hear_v but_o least_o the_o membrane_n before_o mention_v shall_v be_v drive_v too_o much_o inward_a by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n when_o it_o be_v violent_o beat_v nature_n provide_v three_o small_a bone_n and_o muscle_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o to_o prevent_v that_o inconvenience_n the_o use_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v according_a to_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la be_v to_o acquire_v or_o get_v knowledge_n and_o wisdom_n for_o speech_n be_v a_o audible_a thing_n be_v the_o very_a cause_n of_o learning_n again_o by_o the_o hear_a thing_n be_v signify_v to_o ourselves_o as_o by_o aristotle_n the_o useof_o the_o hear_v aristotle_n our_o voice_n and_o tongue_n we_o be_v able_a to_o signify_v any_o thing_n to_o another_o as_o aristotle_n have_v well_o observe_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o so_o much_o shall_v have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v speak_v concern_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v wherein_o i_o find_v that_o i_o have_v great_a cause_n to_o entreat_v my_o reader_n favourablie_o to_o deprecation_n a_o deprecation_n read_v over_o this_o discourse_n and_o to_o pardon_v i_o if_o in_o some_o thing_n i_o have_v not_o so_o full_o satisfy_v he_o for_o there_o be_v some_o passage_n in_o my_o author_n wherein_o i_o have_v be_v entangle_v partly_o by_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o matter_n partly_o by_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o printer_n for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o the_o least_o error_n may_v prove_v a_o sufficient_a remora_fw-la or_o obstacle_n to_o interrupt_v the_o course_n of_o a_o discourse_n but_o as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o have_v follow_v their_o word_n at_o least_o their_o meaning_n if_o they_o understand_v themselves_o as_o of_o some_o of_o they_o i_o make_v much_o doubt_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o nose_n which_o be_v the_o instrmment_n of_o smell_a have_v absolve_v the_o history_n of_o those_o many_o particle_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v we_o will_v now_o come_v to_o the_o three_o outward_a sense_n which_o be_v the_o smell_a as_o therefore_o we_o say_v in_o the_o ear_n that_o there_o be_v a_o outward_a ear_n and_o a_o inward_a ear_n so_o must_v we_o also_o divide_v the_o nose_n into_o a_o outward_a and_o inward_a the_o outward_a nose_n carry_v with_o it_o say_v laurentius_n a_o kind_n of_o beauty_n yea_o of_o majesty_n and_o the_o egyptian_n in_o their_o hyeroglyphick_n signify_v a_o wise_a and_o use_n the_o outward_a use_n prudent_a man_n by_o a_o nose_n and_o festus_n call_v such_o wise_a man_n nasutos_fw-la as_o if_o they_o be_v able_a to_o send_v or_o smell_v the_o politic_a stratagem_n of_o other_o man_n beside_o man_n only_o those_o creature_n nasuti_n nasuti_n have_v this_o outward_a nose_n that_o have_v four_o foot_n and_o bring_v
hole_n that_o go_v out_o of_o the_o nostril_n into_o the_o mouth_n through_o which_o we_o breathe_v when_o we_o be_v asleep_a &_o our_o mouth_n shut_v uppe_o the_o second_o use_n of_o the_o outward_a nose_n be_v to_o serve_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_a hypocrates_n de_fw-fr carn_n say_v the_o moist_a brain_n smell_v the_o odour_n of_o dry_a thing_n draw_v they_o together_o with_o the_o air_n through_o gristly_a body_n for_o the_o nose_n lead_v the_o air_n inform_v as_o it_o be_v with_o the_o form_n of_o odour_n through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o spongy_a bone_n to_o the_o mammillary_a process_n as_o unto_o the_o principal_a organ_n of_o smell_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o brain_n for_o if_o a_o man_n nose_n be_v cut_v off_o at_o the_o root_n either_o he_o can_v smell_v at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o but_o imperfect_o the_o three_o use_n be_v that_o through_o it_o the_o excrement_n of_o the_o brain_n may_v distil_v or_o by_o a_o vehement_a efflation_n be_v blow_v out_o and_o these_o two_o last_o use_v galen_n express_v excellentlie_o in_o galen_n galen_n the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o eight_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la on_o this_o manner_n from_o within_o outward_a be_v the_o excrement_n of_o the_o brain_n derive_v through_o the_o nostril_n from_o without_o inward_a be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o smell_a faculty_n transport_v this_o way_n one_o instrument_n serve_v these_o two_o turn_n of_o nature_n one_o of_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n the_o other_o for_o our_o better_a life_n final_o the_o nose_n serve_v to_o form_v the_o voice_n and_o add_v a_o great_a beauty_n to_o the_o face_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o inward_a nose_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o smell_a that_o the_o nose_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a all_o man_n will_v confess_v but_o because_o it_o be_v compound_v of_o many_o and_o diverse_a part_n it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n to_o which_o particle_n among_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o action_n of_o smell_a be_v to_o be_v attribute_v of_o these_o we_o have_v already_o examine_v those_o part_n which_o make_v the_o outward_a nose_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o we_o prosecute_v our_o history_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o inward_a nose_n the_o inward_a nose_n therefore_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o bone_n call_v ethmoeides_n or_o rather_o the_o spongy_a bone_n and_o the_o mammillarie_n process_n the_o spongy_a bone_n be_v situate_v partly_o part_n the_o inward_a nose_n make_v of_o two_o part_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o nostril_n partly_o within_o the_o skull_n it_o be_v a_o cover_n of_o the_o mammillarie_n process_n thrill_v full_a of_o hole_n or_o rare_a and_o spongye_a through_o which_o perforation_n the_o air_n be_v immediate_o convey_v to_o the_o brain_n forrespiration_n and_o vapour_n for_o the_o distinction_n bone_n the_o spongye_a bone_n of_o odour_n that_o way_n also_o the_o whole_a source_n of_o the_o excrement_n be_v conduct_v the_o mammillary_a process_n which_o make_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o inward_a nose_n do_v proceed_v out_o of_o the_o brain_n and_o have_v their_o habitation_n within_o the_o skull_n above_o the_o cavity_n or_o bosom_n of_o the_o spungy_a bone_n of_o this_o spungy_a bone_n we_o have_v say_v somewhat_o already_o in_o the_o 6._o chapter_n of_o the_o 7._o book_n and_o shall_v speak_v afterward_o more_o at_o large_a and_o concern_v the_o mammillary_a process_n we_o have_v inteat_v of_o they_o sufficient_o in_o the_o 16._o chapter_n of_o the_o 7._o book_n whether_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n and_o proceed_v to_o discover_v unto_o you_o the_o manner_n of_o smell_a and_o because_o i_o will_v not_o have_v you_o think_v that_o hypocrates_n be_v ignorant_a from_o whence_o this_o sense_n hypocrates_n 2._o passage_n out_o of_o hypocrates_n come_v and_o where_o it_o be_v accomplish_v you_o shall_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o relate_v unto_o you_o a_o short_a passage_n or_o twain_o out_o of_o his_o work_n the_o first_o be_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la where_o he_o speak_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o brain_n have_v in_o it_o a_o faculty_n of_o smell_a though_o it_o be_v moist_a and_o draw_v through_o gristly_a body_n which_o be_v dry_a together_o with_o the_o air_n the_o odour_n of_o dry_a thing_n for_o the_o brain_n reach_v even_o unto_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nose_n have_v no_o bone_n in_o his_o way_n but_o only_o a_o soft_a gristle_n like_o a_o sponge_n which_o you_o can_v call_v neither_o a_o bone_n nor_o flesh_n if_o therefore_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nostril_n be_v dry_a then_o do_v the_o brain_n better_o and_o more_o exquisite_o perceive_v the_o odour_n of_o dry_a body_n for_o it_o can_v smell_v water_n because_o it_o be_v moist_a than_o the_o brain_n unless_o it_o be_v corrupt_v in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o nostril_n be_v moist_a we_o can_v smell_v because_o at_o such_o time_n the_o brain_n do_v not_o draw_v the_o air_n into_o itself_o again_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la in_o homine_fw-la there_o be_v no_o passage_n tend_v unto_o the_o nose_n he_o mean_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_a but_o a_o loose_a and_o spungy_a substance_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o hear_v further_o than_o we_o smell_v for_o if_o the_o send_v be_v far_o from_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v disperse_v before_o it_o attain_v thereto_o galen_n more_o distinct_o as_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o anatomy_n on_o this_o manner_n in_o a_o galen_n galen_n particular_a discourse_n of_o this_o subject_n .._o the_o brain_n send_v out_o two_o sprout_n long_o and_o hollow_a take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o forward_a ventricle_n and_o determine_v at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o scull_n where_o the_o nose_n begin_v where_o be_v place_v certain_a bone_n call_v ossa_n ethmoidea_n that_o be_v like_o a_o syve_a or_o scarce_o but_o we_o return_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o smell_a according_a to_o aristotle_n theâ—e_n be_v three_o thing_n require_v to_o every_o sense_n a_o object_n a_o medium_fw-la object_n 3._o thing_n require_v to_o sense_n the_o object_n and_o a_o instrument_n or_o organ_n the_o object_n here_o be_v odour_n or_o vapour_n of_o a_o fiery_a nature_n but_o what_o a_o odour_n be_v be_v not_o so_o welknowne_a as_o what_o a_o sound_n or_o a_o light_n or_o a_o colour_n be_v wherefore_o in_o man_n this_o sense_n be_v the_o dull_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la and_o many_o creature_n smell_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o exquisite_o than_o we_o we_o touch_v more_o exquisite_o than_o any_o other_o creature_n at_o least_o that_o sense_n in_o we_o be_v most_o perfect_a whence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o man_n receive_v no_o smell_n without_o pleasure_n or_o discontentment_n because_o the_o instrument_n be_v not_o perfect_a the_o sense_n of_o smell_a be_v the_o middle_a sense_n for_o there_o be_v five_o sense_n two_o that_o work_n sense_n smell_a the_o middle_a sense_n by_o contaction_n as_o the_o touch_n and_o the_o taste_n and_o two_o that_o apprehend_v their_o object_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o other_o as_o sight_n and_o hear_v now_o because_o odour_n be_v not_o so_o manifest_a say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o 9_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o name_n whence_o odour_n have_v their_o name_n book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la as_o sapour_n for_o our_o language_n use_v the_o word_n savour_n promiscuous_o in_o both_o these_o sense_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o name_n of_o odour_n be_v take_v by_o a_o similitude_n from_o sapour_n so_o that_o some_o odour_n be_v call_v sweet_a as_o that_o of_o saffron_n and_o honey_n other_o sharp_o as_o time_n and_o such_o like_a there_o be_v also_o a_o sour_a odour_n a_o acute_a and_o a_o fat_a wherefore_o galen_n in_o the_o 22._o chapter_n of_o his_o 4._o book_n de_fw-fr simpli_fw-la medica_fw-la teach_v we_o that_o odour_n do_v move_v taste_n the_o consent_n between_o the_o smell_n &_o the_o taste_n the_o taste_n as_o sapour_n do_v for_o if_o our_o meat_n be_v corrupt_v the_o taste_n be_v able_a to_o find_v the_o unpleasing_a odour_n and_o we_o throw_v they_o away_o yea_o almost_o in_o every_o thing_n the_o smell_n and_o the_o taste_n have_v a_o mutual_a consent_n we_o say_v almost_o because_o in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v most_o fragrant_a and_o sweet_a smell_v as_o be_v a_o rose_n the_o smell_a and_o the_o taste_n do_v much_o differ_v for_o the_o smell_n be_v delight_v with_o the_o odour_n of_o the_o rose_n but_o the_o sapor_n there_o of_o disturb_v the_o taste_n but_o as_o the_o hear_n be_v audible_a and_o inaudible_a the_o sight_n visible_a and_o invisible_a so_o also_o the_o smell_a be_v odorable_a for_o it_o be_v no_o treason_n to_o coin_n word_n or_o inodorable_a that_o be_v inodorable_a either_o that_o have_v
not_o nor_o can_v have_v any_o odor_n or_o that_o which_o have_v but_o a_o little_a odor_n or_o that_o which_o have_v a_o evil_a or_o offensive_a odor_n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o object_n the_o medium_fw-la by_o which_o we_o smell_v be_v the_o air_n or_o water_n for_o those_o creature_n which_o smell_n the_o medium_n of_o the_o smell_n live_v in_o the_o water_n whether_o they_o have_v blood_n or_o no_o blood_n be_v yet_o apprehensive_a of_o odour_n as_o also_o those_o that_o live_v in_o the_o air_n for_o fish_n and_o snail_n and_o those_o we_o call_v insecta_fw-la do_v smell_v their_o nourishment_n a_o far_o off_o and_o approach_v thereupon_o unto_o it_o because_o of_o the_o alimentarie_a species_n of_o the_o odour_n as_o bee_n will_v flock_v to_o honey_n and_o so_o in_o the_o like_a but_o man_n never_o smell_v but_o when_o he_o draw_v in_o his_o breath_n for_o if_o he_o hold_v his_o breath_n though_o you_o put_v odoriferous_a thing_n into_o his_o nose_n he_o can_v smell_v they_o the_o reason_n smell_v how_o a_o man_n smell_v be_v because_o the_o instrument_n of_o his_o smell_n be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o coat_n of_o his_o nostril_n but_o far_o within_o to_o which_o there_o be_v certain_a perforation_n that_o lead_v again_o in_o inspiration_n the_o instrument_n themselves_o be_v dilate_v which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o dilate_v the_o air_n can_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o pore_n nor_o ascend_v unto_o the_o process_n and_o so_o unto_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n other_o creature_n even_o those_o that_o be_v without_o blood_n do_v smell_v though_o they_o do_v not_o respire_v and_o they_o smell_v because_o they_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v and_o perceive_v odour_n and_o that_o they_o do_v perceive_v odour_n it_o be_v manifest_a because_o they_o be_v stifle_v with_o those_o odour_n smell_v that_o unbloody_a creature_n do_v smell_v whereby_o man_n be_v also_o stifle_v for_o say_v aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la as_o man_n get_v a_o stuff_n in_o their_o head_n yea_o be_v sometime_o suffocate_v with_o the_o steam_n of_o charcoal_n so_o many_o insectile_a creature_n be_v drive_v away_o with_o the_o smell_n or_o vapour_n of_o brimstone_n or_o other_o bituminous_a matter_n because_o they_o be_v annoy_v yea_o kill_v by_o they_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_v in_o man_n differ_v from_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_v in_o such_o creature_n as_o a_o man_n eye_n differ_v from_o the_o eye_n of_o those_o creature_n instrument_n a_o difference_n of_o this_o instrument_n which_o have_v hard_a eye_n for_o those_o creature_n that_o have_v soft_a eye_n have_v also_o eyelid_n to_o cover_v they_o which_o lid_n if_o they_o do_v not_o move_v and_o open_v they_o can_v see_v but_o those_o that_o have_v hard_a eye_n have_v no_o lid_n at_o all_o nor_o any_o thing_n proportionable_a thereto_o but_o they_o see_v immediate_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o like_a manner_n say_v the_o philosopher_n in_o those_o creature_n which_o do_v not_o respire_v the_o chief_a instrument_n or_o organ_n of_o smell_a have_v no_o cover_n at_o all_o no_o more_o than_o their_o eye_n have_v but_o those_o creature_n which_o draw_v in_o air_n have_v their_o organ_n of_o sight_n and_o hear_v cover_v yet_o because_o in_o their_o breathe_v their_o vein_n and_o passage_n be_v distend_v the_o instrument_n be_v uncover_v or_o it_o may_v be_v their_o breath_n remoove_v the_o cover_n away_o but_o when_o they_o do_v not_o respire_v they_o can_v smell_v which_o be_v all_o otherwise_o in_o those_o creature_n that_o do_v not_o respire_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o those_o creature_n that_o do_v respire_v can_v smell_v when_o they_o be_v under_o water_n for_o they_o must_v respire_v when_o they_o smell_v but_o in_o the_o water_n they_o can_v respire_v galen_n aristotle_n conceit_n of_o the_o cover_v refute_v by_o galen_n this_o conceit_n of_o aristotle_n concern_v the_o cover_n of_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o nose_n galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr instrumento_fw-la olfactus_fw-la refute_v for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o uncertain_a thing_n which_o can_v be_v demonstrate_v nor_o make_v evident_a that_o we_o shall_v assurd_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v true_a beside_o say_v galen_n it_o be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o let_v we_o grant_v that_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o nose_n there_o be_v a_o cover_n which_o be_v open_v by_o inspiration_n that_o the_o way_n may_v be_v make_v open_a for_o the_o air_n and_o vapour_n to_o pass_v in_o and_o that_o when_o the_o inspiration_n be_v end_v it_o again_o close_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o cover_n say_v galen_n must_v be_v animal_n or_o natural_a or_o violent_a that_o it_o be_v animal_n or_o voluntary_a no_o man_n will_v say_v because_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o cover_n or_o value_n for_o animal_n motion_n beside_o animal_n motion_n follow_v our_o will_n but_o this_o cover_n be_v never_o open_v save_v when_o we_o draw_v our_o breath_n again_o the_o instrument_n of_o animal_n motion_n be_v a_o muscle_n but_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o nose_n on_o the_o inside_n there_o be_v no_o moscle_n neither_o be_v this_o motion_n natural_a as_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o value_v of_o the_o heart_n because_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v perpetual_a and_o not_o at_o our_o command_n violent_a we_o can_v say_v it_o be_v for_o then_o say_v galen_n when_o the_o air_n rush_v forcible_o in_o galen_n a_o instance_n out_o of_o galen_n the_o cover_n shall_v be_v open_v even_o without_o attraction_n or_o draw_v of_o our_o breath_n but_o this_o we_o be_v able_a to_o disprove_v for_o put_v a_o man_n into_o a_o chamber_n fulfil_v with_o some_o strong_a odour_n and_o move_v the_o air_n never_o so_o vehement_o or_o lead_v the_o smell_n into_o his_o nostril_n with_o a_o reed_n for_o so_o doubtless_o those_o cover_n if_o there_o be_v any_o will_v be_v reserate_v yet_o he_o will_v not_o send_v the_o smell_n at_o all_o unless_o he_o draw_v in_o his_o breath_n concern_v this_o matter_n he_o that_o desire_v further_a satisfaction_n let_v he_o read_v galen_n diligent_o we_o will_v proceed_v unto_o the_o three_o thing_n require_v to_o sensation_n which_o be_v the_o justrument_n concern_v the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a we_o have_v before_o relate_v the_o opinion_n of_o hypocrates_n instrument_n the_o instrument_n of_o aristotle_n answer_v by_o galen_n and_o also_o of_o galen_n himself_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v say_v archangelus_n that_o all_o the_o ancients_n be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o mystery_n among_o the_o latter_a anatomist_n varolius_n have_v well_o describe_v it_o so_o have_v our_o author_n bauhine_v you_o shall_v hear_v both_o their_o conceit_n varolius_n have_v it_o thus_o two_o nervous_a production_n proceed_v out_o of_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o varolius_fw-la varolius_fw-la the_o brain_n wrought_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o substance_n thereof_o these_o production_n shoot_v forward_o do_v determine_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o nostril_n and_o make_v the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o smell_a to_o which_o place_n when_o the_o odoriferous_a exhalation_n do_v attain_v the_o instrument_n perceive_v the_o species_n of_o the_o odor_n without_o any_o matter_n and_o into_o this_o species_n be_v change_v the_o exhalation_n be_v disperse_v or_o extend_v through_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n bauhine_n have_v it_o thus_o as_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sight_n and_o the_o ear_n of_o hear_v both_o of_o they_o compound_v of_o many_o particle_n so_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o smell_n be_v the_o bauhine_v bauhine_v nose_n but_o because_o in_o every_o sense_n there_o be_v one_o principal_a part_n it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n which_o be_v here_o the_o principal_a instrument_n by_o which_o the_o faculty_n take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o proper_a object_n of_o this_o sense_n some_o think_v be_v be_v the_o nose_n because_o if_o we_o shut_v our_o nose_n and_o draw_v in_o the_o instrument_n the_o principal_a instrument_n breath_n through_o the_o mouth_n we_o do_v not_o smell_v at_o all_o but_o if_o we_o draw_v our_o breath_n through_o the_o nose_n the_o odour_n present_o strike_v the_o sense_n but_o because_o there_o be_v some_o creature_n that_o smell_v without_o nose_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o nose_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a organ_n but_o help_v the_o nose_n not_o the_o nose_n perfection_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o be_v a_o assistant_n only_o to_o the_o principal_a organ_n we_o must_v therefore_o find_v out_o some_o other_o part_n and_o that_o in_o the_o nose_n or_o near_o unto_o it_o the_o bone_n it_o can_v be_v say_v galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr instrumento_fw-la olfactus_fw-la because_o bone_n be_v insensible_a every_o way_n much_o less_o can_v they_o
because_o of_o the_o softness_n and_o looseness_n of_o their_o tongue_n and_o the_o muscle_n thereof_o till_o when_o their_o heat_n by_o their_o age_n increase_a the_o over_o abundant_a moisture_n be_v consume_v the_o tongue_n also_o sometime_o be_v too_o short_a when_o the_o bridle_n thereof_o be_v not_o enough_o cut_v so_o than_o it_o be_v hinder_v that_o it_o can_v apply_v itself_o on_o every_o side_n to_o the_o mouth_n or_o because_o the_o muscle_n be_v little_o it_o be_v move_v too_o swift_o and_o so_o implicate_v or_o double_v the_o speech_n and_o make_v the_o word_n come_v huddle_v together_o it_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o larynx_n to_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr upon_o which_o the_o root_n thereof_o rest_v as_o upon_o tongue_n the_o connexion_n of_o the_o tongue_n a_o basis_n and_o by_o which_o it_o be_v support_v to_o the_o chop_n also_o and_o on_o both_o side_n to_o the_o almond_n below_o it_o be_v fasten_v with_o a_o ligament_n the_o tongue_n be_v compound_v of_o a_o proper_a flesh_n a_o coat_n nerve_n vein_n artery_n muscle_n ligament_n whereof_o compound_v the_o ligament_n and_o a_o ligament_n the_o ligament_n be_v table_n 14._o fig._n 3._o two_o very_o strong_a membranous_a and_o broad_a and_o be_v under_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o body_n thereof_o table_n 14._o figure_n 1._o and_o 2._o show_v the_o tongue_n cut_v from_o the_o body_n and_o the_o muscle_n thereof_o in_o the_o first_o the_o right_a side_n of_o it_o &_o in_o the_o second_o his_o muscle_n somewhat_o uncover_v figure_n 3._o stew_v the_o body_n of_o the_o tongue_n divide_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o it_o and_o his_o ligament_n tabula_fw-la xiiii_o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o fig_n iii_o tab._n 14._o figure_n 1._o show_v the_o larynx_n have_v the_o shield_n gristle_n cut_v into_o two_o part_n but_o one_o part_n of_o it_o together_o with_o the_o epiglottis_fw-la be_v invert_v as_o by_o the_o letter_n may_v be_v perceive_v figure_n 2._o exhibit_v the_o larynx_n show_v the_o glottis_fw-la fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o the_o second_o figure_n it_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o coat_n common_a to_o it_o with_o the_o mouth_n the_o pallate_n the_o gullet_n and_o tongue_n the_o coat_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o larynx_n tab._n 14._o fig._n 1._o aa_n bb._n c_o least_o the_o lax_n and_o rare_a substance_n thereof_o shall_v part_v asunder_o this_o coat_n be_v all_o very_a fine_a and_o thin_a that_o the_o sapour_n may_v more_o easy_o pierce_v through_o it_o into_o the_o pulp_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n into_o which_o coat_n as_o also_o into_o the_o flesh_n certain_a nerve_n of_o exquisite_a sense_n be_v disseminated_a the_o substance_n of_o it_o be_v soft_a loose_a rare_a and_o like_a a_o sponge_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o soon_o moisten_v with_o the_o humour_n which_o carry_v the_o sapor_n in_o it_o and_o so_o fit_a to_o discern_v of_o the_o diversity_n of_o taste_n for_o of_o they_o it_o be_v the_o competent_a judge_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o disease_n tongue_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n it_o be_v diverse_o affect_v for_o as_o the_o humour_n be_v that_o it_o imbibe_v so_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o taste_v deprave_a as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o those_o that_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o yellow_a jaundice_n or_o of_o ague_n the_o flesh_n therefore_o of_o the_o tongue_n be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o the_o tongue_n there_o be_v none_o such_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n towards_o the_o basis_n it_o come_v near_a to_o a_o glandulous_a substance_n then_o to_o a_o musculous_a because_o it_o be_v much_o soft_a and_o loose_a yet_o have_v it_o all_o manner_n of_o fibre_n but_o those_o so_o intertex_v and_o weave_v together_o that_o they_o can_v be_v separate_v one_o from_o another_o which_o may_v be_v do_v in_o muscle_n again_o the_o fibre_n run_v through_o the_o length_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o musculous_a that_o it_o be_v not_o musculous_a tongue_n for_o it_o have_v no_o ligamentall_a fibres_n to_o strengthen_v it_o as_o muscle_n have_v unless_o it_o be_v a_o middle_a one_o which_o run_v under_o the_o tongue_n final_o no_o nerve_n from_o the_o brain_n that_o shall_v give_v it_o the_o power_n of_o motion_n do_v run_v through_o the_o substance_n thereof_o wherefore_o it_o can_v be_v call_v musculous_a although_o i_o know_v some_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v make_v of_o two_o muscle_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr and_o determine_v in_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o tongue_n sever_v by_o a_o white_a line_n some_o say_v also_o there_o be_v two_o other_o muscle_n of_o which_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v compound_v but_o if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o muscle_n it_o shall_v only_o move_v not_o taste_v for_o what_o muscle_n do_v taste_v we_o resolve_v therefore_o that_o the_o flesh_n of_o it_o be_v not_o musculous_a at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n beside_o the_o muscle_n insert_v thereinto_o there_o adher_v a_o root_n the_o fat_a at_o the_o root_n great_a quantity_n of_o hard_a fat_a the_o tongue_n receive_v two_o kind_n of_o nerve_n one_o soft_a which_o carry_v sense_n unto_o it_o from_o the_o three_o and_o four_o coniugation_n yet_o so_o that_o one_o branch_n be_v disseminated_a into_o the_o coat_n that_o invest_v the_o tongue_n to_o be_v a_o instrument_n of_o touch_v for_o the_o tongue_n be_v apprehensive_a kind_n the_o nerve_n of_o two_o kind_n of_o all_o the_o tactile_a quality_n as_o cold_a heat_n and_o such_o like_a the_o other_o nerve_n be_v sprinkle_v into_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o tongue_n which_o be_v the_o instrument_n or_o organ_n of_o taste_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o tongue_n be_v make_v apprehensive_a of_o sapour_n the_o other_o kind_n of_o nerve_n be_v hard_a that_o be_v nerve_n of_o motion_n to_o wit_n the_o seven_o conjugation_n which_o with_o many_o surcle_n be_v disseminated_a into_o his_o muscle_n that_o the_o tongue_n caution_n a_o caution_n may_v be_v move_v with_o voluntary_a motion_n and_o because_o this_o nerve_n be_v place_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o chirurgeon_n or_o midwife_n must_v be_v very_o careful_a lest_o when_o they_o cut_v the_o ligament_n they_o do_v not_o also_o cut_v the_o nerve_n it_o have_v also_o two_o notable_a vein_n call_v raninae_n not_o because_o they_o be_v like_o frog_n but_o because_o they_o be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o frog_n they_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o inward_a branch_n of_o the_o external_a jugular_a vein_n and_o run_v under_o the_o tongue_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v unto_o any_o vein_n the_o vein_n man_n that_o lift_v it_o up_o these_o vein_n in_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o mouth_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d the_o squinsie_n and_o such_o like_a be_v open_v for_o derivation_n after_o the_o blood_n be_v evacuate_v and_o revel_v by_o the_o open_n of_o the_o humerarie_a vein_n of_o the_o arme._n it_o have_v also_o two_o large_a artery_n on_o either_o side_n one_o from_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n which_o accompany_v the_o vein_n these_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o tongue_n to_o maintain_v the_o life_n of_o it_o as_o the_o artery_n the_o artery_n vein_n be_v to_o supply_v it_o with_o nourishment_n the_o body_n of_o the_o tongue_n although_o it_o be_v continual_a not_o divide_v by_o any_o partition_n whereby_o it_o become_v fit_a to_o taste_v with_o to_o break_v the_o meat_n and_o to_o articulate_v the_o voice_n yet_o it_o be_v divide_v or_o rather_o score_v through_o the_o midst_n with_o a_o white_a line_n which_o it_o the_o body_n of_o it_o hypocrates_n in_o coacis_n first_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o median_a which_o line_n run_v through_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o tongue_n divide_v it_o into_o a_o right_a side_n and_o a_o left_a yet_o not_o as_o it_o be_v in_o lizardes_n who_o tongue_n be_v fork_v so_o that_o the_o tongue_n as_o all_o other_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v double_a and_o therefore_o galen_n call_v it_o a_o double_a member_n the_o use_v of_o the_o tongue_n although_o it_o be_v but_o a_o little_a member_n yet_o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n because_o it_o express_v all_o the_o conceit_n of_o the_o mind_n wherefore_o our_o wise_a creator_n have_v defend_v tongue_n the_o use_n of_o the_o tongue_n it_o with_o many_o tooth_n with_o lip_n and_o restrain_v it_o with_o a_o bridle_n that_o be_v so_o careful_o attend_v it_o may_v not_o run_v before_o the_o mind_n which_o first_o ought_v to_o consult_v and_o deliberate_v before_o the_o tongue_n pronounce_v any_o thing_n the_o use_n therefore_o of_o the_o tongue_n be_v either_o primary_n or_o secondary_a the_o primarie_a use_n be_v that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o convenient_a and_o fit_a organ_n or_o instrument_n both_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v &_o taste_v
be_v move_v for_o if_o it_o be_v dry_v it_o will_v not_o move_v so_o ready_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o those_o that_o be_v very_o dry_a &_o in_o hot_a burn_a ague_n when_o the_o humour_n or_o moisture_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v exhaust_v beside_o the_o glandule_n the_o almond_n also_o of_o the_o throat_n as_o we_o remember_v before_o do_v continual_o moisten_v the_o tongue_n and_o help_v his_o motion_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o tongue_n chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v we_o say_v before_o that_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n require_v in_o every_o sense_n the_o instrument_n the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o object_n which_o three_o we_o will_v show_v in_o this_o four_o sense_n of_o taste_v as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o anatomy_n the_o physician_n follow_v galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr instrumento_fw-la odoratus_fw-la and_o in_o taste_v the_o instrument_n of_o taste_v the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o 7._o book_n de_fw-la placitis_fw-la do_v determine_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v the_o tongue_n and_o that_o it_o be_v affect_v to_o sapour_n as_o the_o eye_n be_v to_o colour_n but_o as_o in_o the_o eye_n there_o be_v one_o particle_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o most_o principal_a instrument_n of_o see_v the_o other_o but_o assistant_n so_o in_o the_o tongue_n there_o be_v one_o similar_v part_n which_o be_v the_o most_o principal_a instrument_n of_o taste_v and_o that_o be_v the_o rare_a and_o lax_n substance_n thereof_o which_o be_v therefore_o rare_a &_o spungy_a that_o it_o may_v be_v better_o steep_v with_o the_o moisture_n wherein_o the_o sapour_n be_v convey_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v but_o helper_n and_o handmaid_n all_o contribute_v unto_o the_o principal_a part_n this_o substance_n call_v it_o flesh_n or_o pulp_v or_o what_o you_o will_v particle_n the_o principal_a particle_n because_o it_o be_v make_v to_o receive_v all_o sapour_n be_v to_o be_v devoyde_a of_o all_o sapor_n that_o be_v insipe_v or_o have_v no_o taste_n at_o all_o as_o we_o usual_o speak_v and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o any_o man_n may_v perceive_v if_o he_o eat_v of_o the_o tongue_n of_o any_o beast_n boil_a fresh_a and_o without_o any_o sauce_n the_o matter_n wherein_o the_o form_n of_o sapour_n do_v consist_v which_o we_o call_v natura_fw-la subiecta_fw-la consist_v the_o matter_n in_o which_o taste_n do_v consist_v be_v moist_a for_o without_o moisture_n say_v the_o philosopher_n in_o the_o 10._o chapter_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la nothing_o can_v make_v a_o impression_n of_o a_o sapot_n and_o every_o thing_n that_o make_v this_o kind_n of_o sensation_n or_o move_v this_o sense_n have_v humidity_n in_o it_o either_o actu_fw-la or_o potentia_fw-la that_o be_v either_o actual_o and_o real_o or_o in_o possibility_n and_o by_o how_o much_o a_o thing_n be_v the_o moist_a by_o so_o much_o be_v it_o the_o more_o savoury_a because_o all_o thing_n when_o they_o be_v moist_a do_v make_v a_o better_a impression_n of_o their_o savour_n then_o when_o they_o be_v hard_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v hard_a as_o pepper_n and_o such_o like_a do_v not_o make_v show_n of_o the_o gustile_a quality_n unless_o their_o upper_a &_o superficial_a part_n do_v give_v or_o melt_v or_o be_v moisten_v the_o sweetness_n of_o sugar_n we_o taste_v better_o when_o it_o be_v melt_v and_o a_o corn_n of_o salt_n will_v strike_v the_o sense_n much_o more_o after_o it_o be_v dissolve_v then_o before_o a_o infusion_n of_o rheubarbe_n be_v much_o bitter_a than_o a_o piece_n rheubarbe_n hold_v in_o a_o man_n mouth_n see_v then_o that_o sapour_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o as_o they_o communicate_v their_o quality_n to_o moist_a substance_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o this_o sense_n must_v neither_o be_v actual_o moist_a neither_o yet_o of_o such_o a_o substance_n as_o can_v be_v moisten_a but_o it_o must_v be_v potential_o moist_a and_o actual_o moisten_a yet_o so_o that_o when_o it_o be_v moisten_a the_o nature_n of_o it_o must_v be_v preserve_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o the_o tongue_n be_v either_o too_o dry_a or_o too_o moist_a it_o do_v not_o taste_v well_o for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n taste_v of_o any_o sharp_a or_o vehement_a thing_n as_o pepper_n and_o then_o present_o bitter_a why_o sick_a follâ—_n think_v all_o thing_n bitter_a taste_v of_o a_o other_o thing_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o judge_v well_o of_o the_o latter_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o tongue_n be_v already_o possess_v and_o forestale_v or_o take_v up_o with_o the_o former_a sharp_a humour_n so_o likewise_o we_o see_v that_o those_o that_o be_v sick_a think_v all_o thing_n bitter_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o their_o tongue_n be_v moisten_a with_o a_o bitter_a ivice_n the_o tongue_n therefore_o be_v make_v of_o a_o earthy_a and_o dry_a substance_n for_o albeit_o because_o of_o the_o softness_n it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v moist_a yet_o this_o moisture_n be_v not_o innate_a but_o a_o acquire_v moisture_n distil_v perpetual_o out_o of_o the_o brain_n which_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o the_o tongue_n as_o water_n do_v into_o a_o sponge_n that_o this_o be_v so_o it_o be_v evident_a for_o if_o the_o distilation_n out_o of_o the_o head_n be_v stay_v the_o tongue_n be_v present_o exiccate_v yea_o so_o parch_v by_o hot_a vapour_n elevate_v from_o the_o liver_n the_o stomach_n and_o the_o lung_n that_o it_o become_v rough_a yea_o in_o ague_n it_o cleave_v or_o chop_v and_o the_o mark_n or_o scar_n of_o those_o fissure_v remain_v many_o year_n to_o be_v see_v which_o thing_n say_v bauhine_v i_o have_v experience_n of_o in_o myself_o for_o 17._o year_n since_o i_o have_v a_o ague_n and_o my_o tongue_n cleave_v or_o chap_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o yet_o the_o mark_n of_o it_o be_v galen_n bauhine_v of_o himself_o galen_n manifest_o to_o be_v see_v galen_n therefore_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr odoratus_fw-la organo_fw-la and_o in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o seven_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la have_v true_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o instrument_n of_o taste_v be_v make_v of_o a_o moist_a substance_n where_o he_o intend_v to_o diliver_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o instrument_n which_o be_v most_o appropriate_a to_o the_o particular_a sense_n for_o if_o the_o tongue_n be_v too_o much_o exiccate_v the_o perceivance_n or_o knowledge_n of_o sapour_n must_v needs_o perish_v and_o therefore_o nature_n set_v the_o almond_n near_o the_o tongue_n lest_o the_o air_n that_o be_v continual_o draw_v and_o let_v out_o by_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n shall_v dry_v it_o too_o much_o and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o instrument_n taste_n the_o medium_fw-la of_o the_o taste_n the_o medium_fw-la of_o this_o sense_n we_o take_v to_o be_v the_o coat_n of_o the_o tongue_n as_o the_o cuticle_n or_o scarfe-skinne_n be_v the_o medium_n of_o the_o touch._n for_o say_v the_o philosopher_n in_o the_o 114._o text_n of_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la all_o thing_n that_o apprehend_v by_o any_o sensation_n we_o apprehend_v by_o a_o medium_fw-la there_o be_v no_o sensation_n make_v by_o the_o immediate_a contaction_n of_o the_o instrument_n and_o the_o object_n although_o afterward_o in_o the_o 10._o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n not_o so_o well_o advise_v he_o deny_v that_o either_o the_o taste_n or_o the_o touch_n have_v any_o medium_fw-la to_o which_o place_n we_o refer_v he_o that_o be_v desirous_a to_o know_v his_o reason_n the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v all_o thing_n that_o have_v any_o sapour_fw-la or_o gustable_a quality_n in_o object_n the_o object_n they_o but_o the_o quality_n of_o gustable_a thing_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v as_o sapour_n for_o as_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sight_n be_v colour_n so_o the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v sapor_n yet_o nothing_o that_o be_v without_o moisture_n exhibit_v any_o sapor_n to_o the_o sense_n other_o be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o sense_n as_o the_o magnitude_n of_o that_o which_o be_v gustable_a the_o number_n the_o situation_n etc._n etc._n wherefore_o we_o say_v that_o the_o tongue_n do_v taste_v the_o sapor_n of_o wine_n not_o the_o wine_n yet_o from_o this_o sapour_fw-la the_o soul_n gather_v that_o it_o be_v wine_n which_o we_o taste_v for_o wine_n as_o it_o be_v wine_n and_o sugar_n as_o it_o be_v sugar_n be_v not_o the_o object_n of_o the_o faculty_n of_o gustation_n but_o as_o they_o be_v endow_v with_o sapour_n or_o gustable_a quality_n the_o soul_n indeed_o by_o discourse_n of_o reason_n distinguish_v between_o a_o sharp_a taste_n and_o a_o bitter_a but_o it_o be_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v when_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o
be_v more_o or_o less_o pleasant_a unto_o they_o if_o at_o least_o this_o kind_n of_o natural_a accord_n may_v be_v call_v a_o pleasure_n when_o as_o indeed_o they_o have_v not_o power_n to_o separate_v or_o distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v convenient_a from_o that_o which_o be_v inconvenient_a furthermore_o if_o we_o will_v stand_v to_o aristotle_n determination_n that_o there_o can_v no_o other_o sense_n subsist_v without_o touch_v then_o will_v it_o follow_v that_o this_o be_v take_v away_o no_o sense_n can_v remain_v now_o if_o the_o sense_n be_v take_v away_o the_o whole_a family_n of_o art_n which_o we_o say_v before_o do_v depend_v upon_o their_o credit_n must_v needs_o decay_v nay_o you_o shall_v remove_v the_o sun_n itself_o out_o of_o the_o world_n if_o any_o man_n doubt_n of_o this_o let_v he_o serious_o survey_v all_o the_o art_n both_o liberal_a and_o mechanical_a if_o you_o further_o demand_v what_o use_v this_o sense_n do_v afford_v unto_o physic_n know_v that_o physic_n the_o use_n of_o touch_v for_o physic_n without_o it_o this_o art_n will_v be_v very_o defective_a yea_o will_v so_o darken_v the_o eye_n of_o physician_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o determine_v any_o thing_n certain_o concern_v the_o temperature_n of_o their_o patient_n of_o their_o faculty_n or_o strength_n but_o must_v of_o necessity_n grope_v uncertainlie_o in_o dark_a and_o palpable_a ignorance_n if_o you_o respect_v moral_a philosophy_n this_o sense_n will_v stand_v we_o in_o great_a stead_n for_o perceive_v philosophy_n his_o profit_n in_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o feel_v the_o evil_n which_o ensue_v of_o vice_n it_o do_v lead_v and_o incline_v we_o unto_o the_o way_n of_o virtue_n yea_o it_o cause_v we_o to_o take_v pleasure_n therein_o which_o pleasure_n the_o epicure_n doubt_v not_o to_o account_v the_o summum_fw-la bonum_fw-la the_o like_a we_o may_v say_v of_o other_o art_n which_o lest_o our_o discourse_n shall_v be_v without_o end_n we_o will_v with_o silence_n pass_v by_o in_o all_o which_o touch_v be_v not_o without_o his_o excellent_a use_n to_o conclude_v if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o transcend_v from_o these_o earthly_a thing_n unto_o celestial_a 18_o the_o profit_n of_o touch_v in_o divinity_n luke_n 17_o luke_n 18_o we_o will_v a_o little_a consider_v what_o use_v this_o touch_v have_v in_o divinity_n do_v not_o this_o sense_n reduce_v s._n thomas_n wander_v in_o byway_n out_o of_o the_o heavenly_a light_n into_o the_o true_a way_n when_o he_o will_v try_v the_o presence_n of_o our_o saviour_n by_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v contemn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o rest_n do_v not_o the_o woman_n only_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o the_o hem_v of_o christ_n garment_n become_v sound_a and_o cure_v of_o she_o twelve_o year_n flux_n of_o blood_n and_o do_v not_o we_o read_v that_o eternal_a prince_n â—_o math._n â—_o of_o physician_n restore_v sight_n unto_o the_o blind_a only_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o their_o eye_n and_o do_v he_o not_o heal_v the_o woman_n sick_a of_o a_o fever_n by_o touch_v of_o she_o yea_o and_o that_o which_o be_v beyond_o all_o admiration_n and_o far_o exceed_v the_o understanding_n and_o capacity_n of_o man_n do_v he_o 7_o luke_n 7_o not_o bring_v again_o from_o death_n unto_o life_n the_o daughter_n of_o jairus_n by_o take_v she_o by_o the_o hand_n and_o the_o son_n of_o the_o widow_n ready_a to_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o earth_n only_o by_o touch_v the_o coffin_n o_o healthful_a and_o save_a touch_n o_o search_a sense_n but_o we_o hold_v our_o hand_n both_o time_n &_o the_o matter_n require_v that_o we_o prosecute_v the_o remain_a sense_n in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o we_o can_v after_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v we_o place_v the_o taste_n in_o the_o second_o rank_n for_o beside_o that_o one_o kind_n of_o object_n to_o wit_n earthy_a be_v by_o philosopher_n assign_v as_o common_a to_o they_o taste_v the_o praise_n of_o taste_v both_o it_o be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o touch_v not_o only_o commodious_a for_o so_o be_v the_o other_o subsequent_a sense_n but_o also_o necessary_a unto_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o individuum_fw-la whence_o it_o be_v that_o many_o commendation_n of_o the_o touch_n do_v not_o unfit_o agree_v unto_o this_o taste_n for_o see_v that_o taste_n be_v the_o chief_a sense_n in_o discern_v of_o sapour_n as_o all_o man_n of_o understanding_n acknowledge_v &_o experience_n individuum_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o individuum_fw-la itself_o confirm_v it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o by_o the_o help_n thereof_o the_o body_n be_v nourish_v without_o danger_n but_o when_o it_o fail_v the_o body_n perish_v and_o the_o whole_a nature_n thereof_o go_v to_o nothing_o for_o without_o it_o we_o can_v discern_v of_o sapour_n nor_o judge_v betwixt_o hurtful_a thing_n and_o healthful_a neither_o between_o that_o which_o be_v pleasant_a and_o unpleasant_a but_o become_v inferior_a not_o only_o to_o brute_n beast_n but_o also_o to_o plant_n which_o do_v not_o confuse_o and_o without_o choice_n attract_v any_o aliment_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n and_o so_o convert_v it_o into_o their_o own_o substance_n but_o because_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v do_v participate_v with_o the_o touch_n in_o the_o perception_n of_o sweetness_n and_o pleasantness_n as_o in_o many_o other_o thing_n it_o do_v therefore_o i_o suppose_v the_o worth_n or_o excellency_n thereof_o be_v sufficient_o declare_v in_o the_o commendation_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v so_o that_o we_o think_v it_o unnecessary_a to_o use_v any_o long_a discourse_n thereof_o we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a the_o organ_n whereof_o see_v nature_n have_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n we_o will_v therefore_o ascribe_v unto_o it_o the_o middle_a smell_a the_o praise_n of_o smell_a place_n of_o honour_n betwin_n the_o other_o sense_n this_o sense_n do_v not_o only_o receive_v the_o fragrant_a breath_n vapour_a from_o odoriferous_a object_n and_o abide_n in_o the_o air_n but_o be_v beside_o a_o faithful_a taster_n of_o meat_n it_o govern_v the_o mouth_n lest_o sometime_o at_o unaware_o we_o shall_v swallow_v that_o which_o be_v hurtful_a and_o distaste_v and_o so_o pollute_v the_o sweet_a balsam_n of_o our_o life_n and_o this_o instinct_n we_o see_v in_o dog_n and_o ape_n who_o never_o snatch_v any_o thing_n into_o their_o mouth_n before_o they_o have_v first_o make_v try_v all_o thereof_o with_o their_o nose_n again_o by_o the_o strength_n of_o this_o sense_n many_o creature_n do_v hunt_v out_o their_o live_n and_o therefore_o the_o kite_n follow_v after_o carcase_n hound_n after_o hare_n only_o by_o their_o savour_n i_o say_v nothing_o of_o that_o excellent_a profit_n which_o it_o afford_v to_o the_o art_n of_o physic_n for_o among_o other_o prediction_n in_o our_o art_n that_o be_v not_o the_o least_o which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o savour_n of_o the_o patient_n excrement_n whereby_o oftentimes_o we_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n the_o kind_n and_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o disease_n surgeon_n also_o by_o the_o savour_n or_o smell_v of_o a_o wound_n be_v able_a to_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v cacoelicum_n that_o be_v of_o and_z ill_o a_o untoward_a disposition_n or_o no._n add_v hereto_o that_o by_o the_o smell_n we_o artaine_a unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o simples_n yea_o and_o of_o composition_n with_o what_o faculty_n and_o virtue_n they_o be_v endow_v from_o hence_o some_o have_v conclude_v that_o all_o oderiserous_a thing_n be_v hot_a and_o such_o like_a proposition_n the_o beauty_n that_o be_v add_v to_o the_o face_n of_o man_n by_o this_o organ_n of_o smell_v we_o mean_v the_o nose_n be_v very_o great_a i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o pregnant_a instance_n thereof_o in_o a_o example_n or_o two_o worth_a our_o remembrance_n first_o of_o a_o young_a man_n who_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v hang_v and_o the_o executioner_n at_o hand_n a_o certain_a maid_n suborn_v by_o his_o friend_n and_o quaint_o dress_v and_o set_v face_n the_o nosedoth_a much_o beautify_v the_o face_n out_o go_v unto_o the_o judge_n and_o make_v supplication_n for_o his_o life_n require_v he_o for_o her_o husband_n well_o she_o overcome_v the_o judge_n this_o do_v the_o guilty_a young_a man_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o come_n from_o the_o gallows_n unto_o the_o maid_n attire_v and_o dress_v in_o such_o costly_a ornament_n he_o present_o cast_v his_o eye_n upon_o her_o nose_n which_o indeed_o be_v very_o deform_v and_o instant_o cry_v out_o that_o he_o have_v rather_o have_v be_v hang_v then_o free_v upon_o condition_n of_o undergo_n so_o deform_v a_o choice_n in_o his_o matrimony_n to_o this_o be_v that_o of_o horace_n very_o answerable_a in_o art_n poctica_fw-la hunc_fw-la ego_fw-la i_o siquid_fw-la
mind_n with_o so_o artificial_a a_o pencil_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o second_o soul_n what_o shall_v we_o say_v more_o do_v not_o galen_n himself_o so_o high_o extol_v this_o organ_n that_o he_o think_v the_o brain_n be_v only_o frame_v eye_n the_o brain_n be_v make_v for_o the_o eye_n for_o their_o sake_n a_o part_n so_o necessary_a and_o excellent_a that_o it_o make_v we_o very_o much_o resemble_v the_o very_a divine_a nature_n and_o do_v he_o not_o moreover_o write_v that_o the_o whole_a head_n have_v the_o high_a place_n in_o the_o body_n only_o because_o of_o the_o eye_n a_o commendation_n doubtless_o wonderful_a yet_o not_o more_o admirable_a than_o competent_a &_o worthy_o deserve_v for_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a and_o profound_a knowledge_n he_o consider_v world_n that_o it_o be_v a_o little_a world_n that_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o true_a microcosm_n or_o little_a world_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o exact_a roundness_n and_o revolution_n wherein_o beside_o the_o membrane_n which_o i_o dare_v bold_o call_v the_o seven_o sphere_n of_o heaven_n there_o be_v also_o the_o four_o element_n find_v eye_n the_o four_o element_n in_o the_o eye_n that_o fire_n be_v there_o we_o will_v prove_v in_o a_o convenient_a time_n and_o place_n that_o there_o be_v air_n who_o will_v deny_v which_o understand_v with_o what_o plenty_n of_o spirit_n they_o do_v abound_v as_o for_o water_n who_o do_v not_o see_v it_o in_o the_o eye_n do_v prove_v himself_o more_o blind_a than_o a_o beetle_n all_o the_o other_o part_n we_o will_v liken_v to_o the_o earth_n if_o you_o look_v upon_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n shall_v not_o you_o see_v shine_a star_n yea_o rather_o a_o eye_n the_o apple_n &_o rainbow_n of_o the_o eye_n beam_a sun_n wherefore_o thou_o may_v not_o unfit_o call_v the_o eye_n with_o the_o poet_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o gate_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v you_o not_o perceive_v here_o the_o diverse-coloured_n rainbow_n frame_v with_o a_o sevenfold_a circle_n shall_v you_o not_o also_o observe_v hail_n and_o infinite_a other_o thing_n which_o do_v most_o full_o declare_v the_o excellency_n of_o this_o sense_n by_o themselves_o without_o any_o additament_n of_o our_o oration_n agellius_n agellius_n but_o see_v as_o agellius_n say_v it_o be_v more_o blame-worthy_a to_o praise_v a_o thing_n slight_o &_o coldlie_o then_o earnest_o to_o dispraise_v it_o lest_o we_o shall_v seem_v to_o prejudice_n the_o worth_n of_o so_o excellent_a work_n of_o nature_n we_o will_v here_o make_v stay_n and_o address_v the_o small_a portion_n of_o our_o capacity_n unto_o a_o more_o abstruse_a contemplation_n concern_v the_o nature_n manner_n number_n order_n medium_fw-la object_n and_o organ_n of_o all_o the_o sense_n in_o general_n afterward_o we_o will_v descend_v unto_o particular_n qvest._n i._n what_o sense_n be_v have_v by_o way_n of_o praeface_n set_v forth_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o sense_n we_o be_v to_o proceed_v unto_o a_o more_o full_a discourse_n of_o they_o which_o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o accomplish_v before_o we_o assay_v their_o particular_a handle_n we_o will_v take_v a_o taste_n of_o they_o in_o general_a which_o may_v aristotle_n the_o definition_n of_o sense_n by_o aristotle_n make_v way_n to_o the_o particular_n and_o may_v serve_v instead_o of_o a_o preamble_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o reader_n first_o of_o all_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v what_o sense_n be_v aristotle_n in_o the_o 2._o de_fw-fr anima_fw-la text_n 12._o say_v that_o sense_n be_v that_o which_o can_v receive_v sensible_a form_n without_o any_o matter_n but_o he_o seem_v to_o define_v sense_n in_o potentia_fw-la only_a or_o power_n which_o haply_o he_o will_v insinuate_v by_o the_o word_n potest_fw-la or_o can_v especial_o because_o this_o can_v be_v a_o true_a definition_n of_o sense_n as_o it_o do_v indeed_o and_o real_o perceive_v for_o a_o glass_n also_o do_v receive_v grammaticus_n john_n grammaticus_n sensible_a form_n without_o any_o material_a substance_n &_o yet_o that_o perception_n be_v no_o sense_n whence_o johan._n grami_n upon_o the_o 127_o text_n of_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la say_v to_o be_v able_a to_o perceive_v be_v not_o only_o to_o receive_v species_n or_o form_n without_o the_o matter_n but_o there_o be_v also_o requisite_a a_o animal_n faculty_n which_o be_v not_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o receive_v the_o form_n of_o sensible_a thing_n without_o aphrodis_fw-la alex._n aphrodis_fw-la the_o matter_n as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v even_o as_o it_o be_v in_o glass_n but_o the_o philosopher_n will_v show_v what_o manner_n of_o perception_n be_v necessary_a to_o sense_n that_o it_o have_v the_o act_n of_o perception_n and_o how_o the_o object_n ought_v to_o be_v dispose_v except_o by_o the_o word_n perceive_v he_o understand_v discern_v which_o philosopher_n do_v sometime_o promiscuous_o use_v as_o we_o may_v gather_v out_o of_o alexander_n aphrodisaeus_n who_o upon_o the_o 3._o book_n of_o the_o metaphysic_n say_v that_o sense_n be_v a_o apprehension_n or_o discern_v of_o present_a sensible_a thing_n which_o be_v without_o the_o sensorium_n or_o organ_n and_o this_o be_v sense_n in_o deed_n and_o act_n for_o we_o definition_n simplicius_n definition_n be_v then_o say_v to_o perceive_v when_o we_o discern_v the_o object_n which_o simplicius_n upon_o the_o 155._o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la have_v well_o note_v define_v sense_n to_o be_v acknowledge_v or_o discern_v stir_v uppe_o in_o the_o organ_n first_o receyve_v his_o act_n from_o the_o sensible_a object_n so_o that_o aristotle_n by_o receyve_v understand_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n or_o discern_v of_o the_o object_n and_o the_o same_o definition_n he_o do_v accurate_o and_o distinct_o declare_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n and_o 138_o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o everte_a sense_n do_v receive_v the_o sensible_a object_n without_o any_o matter_n and_o therefore_o the_o object_n be_v remoove_v there_o be_v in_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n sensation_n and_o imagination_n what_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a for_o how_o can_v the_o sense_n of_o that_o object_n remain_v in_o the_o organ_n when_o obâ—ect_n all_o sense_n be_v make_v with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o obâ—ect_n the_o object_n be_v set_v aside_o if_o it_o shall_v only_o receive_v it_o without_o any_o act_n of_o discern_v be_v we_o not_o teach_v the_o contrary_a in_o glass_n which_o because_o they_o only_o receive_v but_o know_v or_o discern_v nothing_o therefore_o present_o as_o the_o object_n be_v remoove_v they_o lose_v the_o image_n we_o will_v therefore_o out_o of_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v gather_v a_o most_o clear_a and_o absolute_a definition_n of_o sense_n on_o this_o manner_n that_o sense_n be_v a_o knowledge_n or_o discern_v of_o the_o object_n receive_v formal_o in_o the_o organ_n quest_n ii_o what_o action_n be_v and_o how_o action_n and_o use_n do_v differ_v averrhoe_n very_o worthy_o say_v in_o the_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o the_o 51._o text_n that_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a consideration_n of_o sense_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o be_v account_v amongst_o the_o active_a or_o passive_a virtue_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v accomplish_v by_o action_n or_o passion_n for_o he_o which_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o sensation_n consider_v therefore_o of_o this_o matter_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o auerrhoe_n i_o have_v here_o determine_v for_o the_o more_o evident_a clear_n of_o this_o question_n to_o declare_v what_o action_n be_v and_o also_o what_o passion_n be_v action_n therefore_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o certain_a active_a motion_n proceed_v be_v what_o action_n be_v from_o any_o thing_n fit_a for_o action_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o some_o thing_n it_o be_v call_v a_o active_a motion_n by_o galen_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o 17_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n and_o that_o not_o without_o good_a reason_n see_v that_o there_o be_v as_o well_o a_o active_a motion_n as_o a_o passive_a motion_n many_o call_v that_o a_o active_a motion_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o proper_a nature_n of_o motion_n why_o action_n be_v call_v a_o active_a motion_n the_o thing_n and_o of_o itself_o alone_o and_o that_o passive_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o some_o external_a agent_n as_o for_o example_n the_o walk_v of_o a_o creature_n be_v a_o active_a motion_n in_o regard_n that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o proper_a &_o internal_a faculty_n of_o the_o creature_n but_o the_o cast_n of_o a_o stone_n upward_o be_v what_o active_a
themselves_o yet_o their_o organ_n be_v obscure_a and_o hide_a other_o be_v clear_a and_o manifest_a both_o of_o themselves_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o organ_n other_o be_v obscure_a both_o in_o themselves_o and_o in_o their_o organ_n i_o call_v that_o action_n manifest_a of_o itself_o itself_o what_o action_n be_v manifest_a of_o itself_o and_o obscure_v of_o itself_o which_o be_v sensible_a and_o may_v be_v judge_v of_o by_o the_o sense_n and_o that_o obscure_a of_o itself_o which_o do_v not_o appear_v but_o from_o those_o work_n which_o proceed_v from_o it_o i_o call_v also_o that_o manifest_a by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o organ_n who_o organ_n do_v present_o appear_v &_o in_o this_o without_o all_o doubt_n do_v all_o consent_n but_o i_o account_v that_o obscure_a in_o regard_n of_o his_o organ_n when_o the_o action_n do_v appear_v yet_o the_o organ_n do_v not_o present_o be_v wray_v itself_o without_o much_o study_n &_o discorse_v of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o some_o only_o for_o probable_a where_o about_o many_o do_v dissent_v those_o which_o be_v manifest_a both_o in_o themselves_o &_o by_o their_o organ_n be_v these_o vociferation_n pulsation_n respiration_n the_o local_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n expulsion_n of_o excrement_n the_o expulsion_n of_o urine_n the_o emission_n of_o the_o seed_n etc._n etc._n in_o respect_n of_o both_o with_o galen_n in_o the_o 8._o &_o 16._o chap._n of_o his_o 1._o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la be_v the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o hand_n the_o walk_n of_o thou_o foot_n chew_v vision_n hear_v etc._n etc._n final_o these_o be_v esteem_v obscure_a in_o respect_n of_o both_o the_o transmission_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o carrying_z and_o recarryinge_v of_o the_o spirit_n the_o generation_n of_o animal_n spirit_n he_o preduction_n of_o vital_a the_o suck_a of_o urine_n out_o of_o blood_n chylification_n sanguification_n and_o the_o generation_n of_o seed_n qvest._n v._o that_o sense_n be_v not_o apure_a passion_n ee_v therefore_o that_o unto_o a_o action_n there_o do_v necessary_o concur_v a_o agent_n and_o a_o patient_a the_o agent_n for_o to_o work_v and_o the_o patient_a to_o be_v a_o fit_a subject_n for_o the_o agent_n and_o to_o receive_v the_o action_n it_o may_v now_o be_v demand_v whether_o the_o action_n proceed_v from_o the_o organ_n unto_o the_o sensible_a object_n or_o from_o the_o sense_n whether_o the_o object_n or_o the_o organ_n do_v work_n in_o the_o sense_n object_n unto_o the_o organ_n and_o whether_o this_o be_v to_o be_v account_v a_o agent_n the_o other_o a_o patient_a or_o on_o the_o contrary_n concern_v this_o point_n there_o be_v diverse_a opinion_n of_o author_n for_o some_o maintain_v sense_n to_o bepassive_a other_o active_a other_o both_o active_a &_o passive_a aristotle_n do_v contend_v for_o those_o which_o will_v have_v sense_n to_o be_v passive_a especial_o in_o the_o 118._o text_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la wherein_o express_a term_n he_o affirm_v that_o to_o perceive_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o suffer_v &_o also_o call_v the_o object_n a_o agent_n again_o in_o the_o 51._o text_n of_o the_o same_o book_n he_o say_v that_o sensation_n happen_v in_o that_o which_o be_v move_v and_o suffer_v and_o he_o seem_v most_o suffer_v their_o reason_n which_o say_v sense_n do_v suffer_v exact_o to_o demonstrate_v it_o in_o the_o 12._o text_n of_o his_o 7._o book_n of_o physics_n say_v that_o the_o sense_n be_v alter_v for_o they_o suffer_v and_o their_o action_n be_v a_o motion_n througha_fw-mi body_n which_o suffer_v in_o the_o sensation_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o these_o place_n of_o aristotle_n that_o sense_n be_v make_v passive_o that_o be_v that_o the_o act_n of_o sensation_n be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o sense_n but_o by_o the_o sensible_a object_n and_o that_o the_o sense_n do_v nothing_o else_o but_o receive_v the_o species_n from_o the_o thing_n object_v and_o suffer_v from_o it_o but_o this_o opinion_n though_o it_o be_v approve_v of_o many_o and_o be_v hold_v for_o aristotle_n yet_o it_o be_v neither_o agreeable_a to_o aristotle_n nor_o to_o the_o truth_n that_o the_o place_n cite_v out_o of_o aristotle_n do_v not_o confirm_v this_o we_o will_v prove_v by_o and_o by_o when_o as_o by_o many_o reason_n we_o shall_v have_v demonstrate_v how_o far_o distant_a it_o be_v from_o the_o truth_n for_o first_o if_o the_o sense_n shall_v only_o concur_v passive_o unto_o sensation_n that_o be_v if_o sensation_n be_v only_o a_o reception_n of_o the_o sensible_a species_n than_o we_o must_v needs_o even_o when_o we_o be_v asleep_a hear_v smell_v &_o see_v see_v therefore_o that_o although_o reason_n that_o opinion_n disprove_v 1._o reason_n when_o we_o be_v a_o sleep_n some_o certain_a noise_n or_o sound_n be_v carry_v to_o our_o ear_n and_o some_o odour_n do_v strike_v the_o nostril_n and_o colour_n if_o so_o be_v we_o sleep_v with_o our_o eye_n open_a as_o some_o do_v be_v present_v to_o our_o eye_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o hear_v or_o smell_v or_o see_v it_o will_v follow_v necessary_o that_o something_o else_o must_v concur_v unto_o sensation_n beside_o a_o simple_a reception_n of_o the_o sensible_a species_n add_v further_o that_o though_o we_o receive_v a_o visible_a thing_n into_o our_o eye_n reason_n 2._o reason_n and_o a_o sound_n into_o our_o ear_n yet_o we_o neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v when_o we_o be_v intent_n another_o way_n or_o have_v our_o understanding_n exercise_v in_o great_a matter_n wherefore_o there_o must_v be_v some_o part_n of_o the_o mind_n present_a in_o sensation_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o sometime_o seek_v a_o very_a small_a thing_n and_o yet_o see_v it_o not_o though_o we_o be_v very_o near_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v already_o receive_v into_o the_o eye_n sure_o this_o be_v a_o argument_n most_o evident_a that_o the_o mind_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o that_o thing_n which_o we_o will_v see_v and_o that_o something_o more_o be_v require_v to_o sense_n then_o the_o bare_a reception_n of_o the_o species_n for_o else_o a_o glass_n may_v also_o perceive_v in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o do_v receive_v the_o image_n moreover_o if_o only_o the_o reception_n of_o species_n be_v a_o sensation_n all_o action_n shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o sensible_a species_n &_o that_o species_n shall_v be_v so_o prompt_a unto_o action_n that_o it_o will_v work_v every_o where_n and_o upon_o every_o subject_n and_o so_o will_v make_v sense_n even_o as_o heat_n do_v make_v hot_a every_o where_n and_o every_o thing_n but_o this_o be_v impossible_a for_o who_o ever_o affirm_v that_o sense_n be_v make_v out_o of_o his_o proper_a organ_n sensation_n be_v not_o therefore_o a_o action_n only_o of_o the_o sensible_a species_n neither_o be_v it_o aristotle_n opinion_n for_o in_o the_o 37._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la he_o teach_v the_o plain_a contrary_n arist_n think_v the_o contrary_n contrary_n and_o affirm_v manifest_o that_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o sensation_n and_o therefore_o not_o the_o sensible_a thing_n and_o in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o the_o ninthbooke_n of_o his_o metaph._n he_o prove_v that_o vision_n be_v a_o action_n of_o the_o sight_n and_o what_o can_v be_v more_o manifest_a than_o that_o which_o he_o express_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la where_n he_o reprove_v democritus_n for_o say_v that_o vision_n be_v a_o operation_n of_o the_o object_n and_o propound_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o similitude_n which_o the_o sensible_a thing_n have_v with_o the_o organ_n he_o say_v the_o sensible_a thing_n cause_v the_o sense_n to_o work_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v the_o object_n do_v excite_v and_o provoke_v the_o sense_n unto_o action_n the_o point_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o the_o light_n but_o yet_o what_o shall_v we_o answer_v to_o those_o contrary_a place_n quote_v even_o now_o out_o of_o aristotle_n for_o it_o seem_v by_o they_o to_o be_v plain_o affirm_v that_o sense_n be_v passive_a but_o i_o defer_v the_o reconciliation_n of_o this_o contradiction_n till_o the_o seven_o question_n where_o you_o shall_v have_v also_o placentinus_n his_o resolution_n qvest._n vi_o that_o sense_n be_v not_o a_o simple_a action_n that_o sensation_n be_v not_o a_o mere_a passion_n be_v plain_a from_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v a_o action_n sense_n passion_n be_v necessary_a to_o sense_n that_o be_v whether_o sense_n do_v perceive_v only_o by_o do_v or_o act_v and_o that_o set_v aside_o all_o digression_n i_o may_v come_v to_o the_o matter_n i_o say_v see_v every_o agent_n in_o do_v and_o act_v do_v also_o suffer_v again_o it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o
air_n occupi_v the_o second_o place_n and_o the_o airy_a the_o hear_v be_v airy_a hear_v be_v airy_a both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sense_n because_o it_o have_v a_o inbred_a air_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o object_n because_o the_o sound_n be_v form_v in_o the_o air_n so_o that_o it_o be_v of_o the_o essence_n thereof_o vaporous_a smell_a be_v vaporous_a smell_a be_v put_v in_o the_o three_o place_n because_o as_o it_o be_v the_o middle_n between_o the_o other_o sense_n so_o it_o be_v appropriate_v to_o a_o element_n if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v dispose_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o rest_n for_o that_o which_o be_v a_o mean_a between_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n and_o air_n as_o galen_n do_v well_o witness_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr odour_n instrum_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a because_o that_o which_o be_v neither_o so_o thin_a or_o rare_a as_o air_n nor_o so_o crass_a and_o thick_a as_o water_n may_v well_o be_v conclude_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o vapour_n now_o that_o smell_a be_v vaporous_a both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sense_n itself_o and_o of_o the_o thing_n sensible_a we_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o prove_v hereafter_o watery_a the_o taste_n watery_a the_o taste_n deserve_v the_o four_o place_n because_o water_n succeed_v air_n and_o to_o water_v this_o sense_n be_v refer_v as_o well_o because_o of_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o object_n earthy_a the_o touch_v earthy_a the_o last_o place_n belong_v to_o the_o touch_n because_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o last_o and_o low_a place_n of_o who_o nature_n and_o quality_n this_o sense_n of_o touch_v do_v participate_v qvest._n xiiii_o a_o conformation_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o the_o sense_n ought_v to_o be_v thus_o continuate_v among_o themselves_o and_o propound_v in_o this_o order_n the_o constitution_n and_o conformation_n of_o the_o organ_n organ_n the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n prove_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o organ_n do_v give_v we_o sufficient_a proof_n for_o the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o sight_n be_v veil_a with_o a_o very_a dense_n and_o thick_a cover_n that_o of_o the_o hear_v be_v more_o rare_a that_o of_o the_o smell_n yet_o thin_a than_o they_o both_o which_o galen_n in_o the_o 6._o chapter_n of_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la have_v very_o well_o observe_v where_o speak_v of_o this_o sense_n he_o say_v if_o the_o cover_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o it_o may_v be_v no_o hindrance_n to_o the_o sense_n than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o much_o more_o rare_a than_o that_o of_o hear_v by_o how_o much_o the_o object_n hereof_o be_v of_o more_o crass_a part_n part_n part_n than_o that_o of_o the_o ear_n the_o cover_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v not_o only_o more_o rare_a but_o it_o be_v altogether_o spongy_a as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o in_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n last_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o touch_n be_v most_o rare_a of_o all_o this_o order_n be_v moreover_o confirm_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n for_o the_o object_n of_o the_o object_n and_o by_o the_o tenuity_n &_o crassenes_n of_o the_o object_n sight_n be_v the_o thin_a &_o fine_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n yea_o after_o a_o sort_n spiritual_a &_o not_o corporeal_a that_o of_o the_o hear_n be_v more_o crass_a and_o the_o object_n of_o smell_n yet_o more_o crass_a and_o thick_a then_o either_o of_o they_o where-upon_a galen_n in_o the_o abovenamed_n place_n witness_v that_o the_o object_n of_o the_o smell_n be_v of_o more_o gross_a part_n than_o that_o of_o the_o hear_v for_o say_v he_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v exceed_v by_o the_o light_n in_o the_o tenuity_n of_o their_o part_n by_o so_o much_o be_v the_o vapour_n surpass_v by_o the_o air_n the_o object_n of_o taste_n be_v much_o more_o crass_a than_o the_o former_a but_o the_o touch_v mean_a and_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a be_v earthy_a must_v needs_o be_v the_o most_o crass_a of_o all_o final_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a for_o the_o sight_n above_o all_o have_v need_n of_o a_o mean_a but_o hear_v have_v less_o need_n and_o the_o smell_v less_o than_o it_o taste_v be_v as_o some_o think_v without_o any_o mean_a at_o all_o but_o especial_o the_o touch_n as_o we_o have_v partly_o prove_v already_o and_o haply_o it_o will_v again_o fall_v under_o our_o discourse_n last_o the_o position_n of_o the_o instrument_n be_v a_o confirmation_n of_o this_o order_n for_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n be_v place_v without_o but_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v a_o little_a more_o inner_a and_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a more_o inward_a than_o they_o both_o that_o of_o the_o taste_n be_v yet_o more_o hide_v and_o the_o instrument_n of_o touch_v be_v call_v by_o aristotle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v exist_v within_o by_o these_o demonstration_n therefore_o be_v this_o continuation_n and_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n sufficient_o confirm_v to_o wit_n because_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o be_v place_v in_o this_o assign_a rank_n the_o sight_n and_o touch_n be_v the_o extreme_n because_o they_o be_v most_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o object_n of_o touch_n be_v corporeal_a and_o material_a and_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sight_n incorporal_a and_o spiritual_a the_o organ_n of_o touch_n be_v place_v within_o but_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n without_o the_o organ_n of_o touch_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o most_o rare_a and_o thin_a veil_n that_o of_o the_o sight_n with_o a_o most_o dense_a and_o thick_a cover_n because_o sight_n use_v a_o mean_a but_o touch_v none_o at_o all_o last_o the_o touch_n be_v earthy_a and_o the_o sight_n be_v fiery_a the_o hear_v and_o taste_v be_v less_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o the_o smell_n be_v equal_o affect_v to_o all_o and_o therefore_o by_o good_a right_n challenge_v the_o middle_a place_n qvest._n xv._o the_o argument_n of_o the_o philosopher_n although_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n seem_v to_o prove_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o rank_n or_o follow_a order_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n do_v infer_v a_o conclusion_n it_o be_v only_o probable_o yet_o there_o be_v which_o do_v contend_v for_o the_o primacy_n of_o the_o sight_n with_o strong_a argument_n and_o first_o they_o say_v that_o sight_n be_v the_o first_o by_o nature_n as_o aristotle_n witness_v in_o the_o 7._o text_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr gener._n et_fw-la corrupt_a wherefore_o if_o we_o will_v observe_v the_o order_n sense_n sight_n be_v by_o nature_n before_o the_o other_o sense_n of_o nature_n we_o must_v begin_v with_o the_o sight_n second_o that_o which_o be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o rest_n do_v deserve_v the_o first_o place_n but_o sight_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sense_n but_o of_o the_o organ_n also_o yea_o of_o the_o mean_a and_o object_n noble_a and_o more_o noble_a do_v excel_v all_o the_o other_o in_o dignity_n to_o these_o we_o add_v that_o sight_n be_v more_o liable_a to_o our_o understanding_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n because_o many_o thing_n be_v find_v in_o it_o more_o facile_a and_o easy_a which_o also_o may_v prepare_v the_o mind_n unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n for_o the_o organ_n thereof_o be_v very_o conspicuous_a the_o mean_a be_v manifest_a the_o object_n be_v clear_a and_o other_o thing_n which_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v very_o obscure_a be_v perspicuous_a and_o know_v in_o this_o neither_o be_v it_o a_o sufficient_a objection_n to_o say_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o act_n of_o perceive_v this_o sense_n be_v most_o hard_a and_o difficult_a to_o be_v understand_v qvest._n xvi_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o physician_n we_o come_v now_o unto_o the_o reason_n which_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n both_o of_o plato_n of_o galen_n and_o of_o the_o anatomist_n and_o they_o be_v take_v partly_o out_o of_o aristotle_n and_o partly_o out_o of_o the_o propriety_n of_o order_n for_o common_a why_o we_o must_v begin_v with_o those_o which_o be_v most_o common_a aristotle_n in_o the_o 37._o text_n of_o his_o 1._o book_n of_o physics_n teach_v that_o we_o must_v begin_v with_o those_o which_o be_v most_o common_a both_o because_o as_o auerhoes_n expound_v it_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o common_a be_v best_a know_v and_o also_o because_o the_o affection_n which_o be_v to_o be_v declare_v do_v primary_o agree_v unto_o
know_v he_o be_v a_o fool_n and_o therefore_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o occursation_n of_o his_o image_n or_o resemblance_n always_o before_o he_o be_v in_o his_o brain_n not_o in_o his_o eye_n seaventh_o we_o do_v angustate_n or_o strayten_v the_o apple_n of_o our_o eye_n lest_o by_o the_o external_a light_n our_o internal_a spirit_n shall_v be_v dissipate_v eight_o the_o eye_n be_v weary_v with_o look_v by_o reason_n of_o that_o force_n and_o endeavour_n which_o the_o faculty_n use_v to_o administer_v for_o the_o establishment_n or_o fix_v of_o the_o eye_n nine_o the_o eye_n must_v be_v convert_v or_o turn_v towards_o the_o visible_a object_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vision_n but_o by_o a_o right_a line_n ten_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o the_o eye_n but_o only_o the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o it_o which_o because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n immaterial_a may_v be_v whole_o receive_v into_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o eleaventh_o we_o say_v that_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n do_v exolue_v or_o spend_v the_o spirit_n which_o be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o species_n to_o the_o twelve_o thus_o both_o white_a and_o black_a colour_n may_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o eye_n because_o they_o be_v receive_v only_o by_o a_o intentional_a and_o incorporeal_a species_n or_o form_n last_o the_o point_n of_o a_o needle_n be_v therefore_o not_o perceive_v because_o it_o be_v not_o a_o proportion_a object_n to_o the_o organ_n by_o these_o it_o be_v plain_a and_o manifest_a even_o to_o the_o dull_a apprehension_n that_o vision_n be_v perform_v not_o by_o emission_n or_o send_v forth_o any_o thing_n from_o the_o eye_n but_o only_o by_o reception_n of_o the_o species_n into_o it_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o reception_n be_v most_o obscure_a and_o fold_v up_o in_o many_o secret_a difficulty_n for_o the_o enodation_n whereof_o that_o this_o secret_n may_v appear_v evident_a four_o thing_n be_v to_o reception_n four_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o reception_n be_v discuss_v of_o us._n first_o what_o it_o be_v that_o be_v receive_v second_o where_o or_o into_o what_o part_n of_o the_o eye_n this_o reception_n be_v make_v three_o when_o it_o be_v make_v four_o how_o it_o be_v make_v as_o concern_v the_o first_o question_n democritus_n and_o lucippus_n think_v that_o corporeal_a receive_v what_o it_o be_v that_o be_v receive_v object_n be_v receive_v epicurus_n suppose_v only_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o visible_a object_n be_v receive_v alexander_n that_o the_o image_n only_o of_o the_o thing_n be_v receive_v not_o as_o receive_v that_o only_o the_o species_n be_v receive_v it_o be_v in_o a_o subject_n but_o like_v as_o in_o a_o glass_n we_o agree_v with_o aristotle_n think_v that_o only_o the_o species_n or_o image_n be_v receive_v and_o that_o the_o quality_n of_o these_o species_n be_v incorporeal_a immaterial_a individual_a the_o philosopher_n call_v it_o intentional_a which_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a and_o organ_n and_o so_o multiply_v by_o a_o simple_a effluence_n or_o emanation_n as_o light_n proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o a_o shadow_n from_o a_o body_n this_o species_n i_o say_v be_v not_o itself_o see_v but_o it_o be_v that_o whereby_o we_o see_v for_o only_o the_o object_n be_v see_v glass_n the_o eye_n be_v like_o a_o look_a glass_n the_o eye_n therefore_o may_v very_o well_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o look_a glass_n receive_v into_o it_o the_o image_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v object_v and_o set_v before_o it_o for_o a_o glass_n do_v receive_v all_o the_o species_n not_o send_v any_o thing_n forth_o yet_o in_o this_o do_v the_o eye_n differ_v from_o a_o glass_n that_o there_o be_v no_o virtue_n of_o the_o soul_n in_o a_o glass_n which_o can_v refer_v and_o transmit_v the_o image_n receive_v unto_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v unto_o a_o judge_n but_o some_o will_v haply_o demand_v here_o if_o the_o species_n or_o image_n receive_v be_v immaterial_a how_o can_v it_o affect_v the_o sight_n by_o sever_n or_o gather_v together_o of_o the_o spirit_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o affect_v by_o the_o species_n but_o by_o the_o colour_n according_a as_o it_o be_v more_o or_o less_o splendent_a or_o enlighten_v for_o all_o enlighten_v thing_n do_v dissipate_v by_o reason_n that_o our_o airy_a and_o splendent_a spirit_n do_v vanish_v into_o that_o light_n which_o be_v like_a unto_o they_o so_o white_a thing_n because_o they_o have_v much_o light_n do_v dissipate_v the_o spirit_n but_o black_a do_v gather_v they_o because_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o spirit_n so_o when_o night_n come_v the_o heat_n be_v recall_v from_o without_o inward_a and_o as_o galen_n teach_v in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o 15._o aphorism_n of_o the_o first_o section_n we_o sleep_v long_o in_o winter_n because_o the_o night_n be_v then_o the_o long_a wherefore_o lucide_n and_o white_a object_n do_v hurt_v the_o sight_n yea_o sometime_o they_o make_v a_o man_n blind_a because_o the_o visive_a spirit_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o as_o it_o be_v entice_v by_o that_o which_o be_v like_a unto_o they_o do_v break_v forth_o of_o the_o eye_n with_o so_o great_a a_o violence_n and_o force_n that_o by_o such_o irruption_n either_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n or_o the_o coat_n thereof_o or_o something_o else_o in_o the_o eye_n which_o have_v many_o tender_a part_n be_v either_o break_a or_o at_o least_o suffer_v some_o alteration_n it_o will_v be_v again_o object_v if_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o species_n be_v immaterial_a why_o shall_v the_o eye_n be_v weary_v with_o continual_a see_v why_o do_v not_o prominent_a and_o goggle_v eye_n see_v better_a than_o other_o because_o they_o be_v more_o apt_a for_o reception_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o eye_n be_v weary_v not_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o species_n but_o by_o the_o force_n and_o endeavour_n which_o the_o faculty_n use_v to_o do_v his_o work_n which_o be_v especial_o to_o firm_a the_o eye_n or_o hold_v it_o steadfast_a and_o to_o contain_v the_o spirit_n but_o those_o that_o be_v goggle_v eye_v have_v not_o so_o good_a sight_n because_o their_o animal_n spirit_n be_v dissipate_v which_o be_v especial_o necessary_a unto_o the_o sense_n of_o see_v that_o be_v join_v with_o external_a light_n they_o may_v transmitte_v the_o species_n unto_o the_o interior_a sense_n the_o second_o proposition_n be_v concern_v the_o place_n of_o this_o reception_n to_o wit_n into_o what_o part_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o species_n be_v receyve_v and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o examine_v reception_n of_o the_o place_n of_o this_o reception_n the_o different_a opinion_n of_o physician_n and_o philosopher_n some_o think_v that_o they_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n grownd_v upon_o the_o doctrine_n of_o galen_n who_o teach_v that_o all_o sense_n be_v from_o the_o brain_n aristotle_n say_v they_o be_v receyve_v into_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n understand_v by_o the_o apple_n the_o crystalline_a humour_n galen_n say_v sometime_o into_o the_o crystalline_a sometime_o into_o the_o cobweb-coate_n which_o he_o say_v be_v smooth_a galen_n aristotle_n galen_n and_o more_o polished_a then_o any_o looking-glass_n avicen_n say_v they_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v say_v he_o that_o the_o object_n appear_v single_a because_o the_o visible_a form_n be_v unite_v in_o that_o avicen_n avicen_n coition_n or_o conjunction_n of_o the_o opticke_n we_o determine_v that_o they_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o cristaline_a because_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a and_o primary_n organ_n of_o sight_n place_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o differ_v from_o all_o the_o other_o part_n in_o substance_n figure_n and_o quality_n 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be_v next_o of_o all_o to_o the_o eyelid_n so_o that_o when_o the_o lid_n open_v present_o the_o species_n be_v offer_v to_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n and_o in_o a_o moment_n of_o time_n be_v join_v therewith_o last_o the_o manner_n of_o vision_n be_v thus_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o reception_n of_o sensible_a species_n not_o reception_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o reception_n of_o body_n which_o species_n although_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v some_o taste_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o own_o matter_n notwithstanding_o they_o be_v not_o carry_v material_o and_o as_o body_n be_v carry_v but_o like_o the_o shape_n or_o image_n of_o body_n bring_v from_o the_o aspectible_a object_n unto_o the_o pupilla_fw-la through_o the_o air_n as_o a_o mean_a by_o right_a line_n unto_o a_o acute_a angle_n he_o that_o desire_v to_o hear_v more_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o vision_n let_v he_o read_v alexander_n and_o simon_n simonius_a a_o man_n both_o for_o physic_n and_o philosophy_n very_o excellent_a comment_v upon_o aristotle_n his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la qvest._n xxiii_o whether_o any_o thing_n within_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v see_v and_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v see_v by_o it_o own_o proper_a form_n or_o by_o another_o where_o also_o be_v explain_v some_o thing_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o suffusion_n and_o of_o vision_n or_o apparition_n have_v resolve_v that_o ancient_a question_n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o vision_n we_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o resolution_n of_o two_o other_o doubt_n that_o so_o there_o may_v see_v whither_o aniething_n within_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v see_v be_v nothing_o want_v that_o can_v be_v desire_v to_o the_o perfect_a nature_n of_o this_o sense_n of_o sight_n the_o first_o therefore_o be_v whether_o any_o thing_n which_o be_v within_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v see_v then_o whither_o that_o which_o be_v see_v be_v see_v by_o his_o proper_a species_n or_o by_o another_o that_o nothing_o within_o the_o eye_n be_v visible_a may_v be_v thus_o demonstrate_v aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la write_v sensile_a positum_fw-la supra_fw-la sensorium_fw-la sensationem_fw-la non_fw-la facere_fw-la reason_n the_o 1._o reason_n a_o sensible_a object_n place_v above_o the_o sensorium_fw-la or_o organ_n do_v not_o perform_v any_o sensation_n secondlie_o if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v see_v within_o the_o eye_n then_o will_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o object_n and_o the_o instrument_n receyve_v the_o object_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o thirdlie_o the_o philosopher_n teach_v that_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n requisite_a and_o necessary_a unto_o the_o sense_n of_o sight_n the_o obiest_n the_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a and_o the_o instrument_n last_o vision_n be_v make_v by_o the_o reception_n of_o such_o species_n as_o be_v produce_v and_o multiply_v in_o the_o air_n but_o if_o any_o thing_n within_o the_o eye_n shall_v be_v see_v the_o sight_n will_v not_o be_v make_v by_o the_o species_n but_o by_o a_o real_a object_n to_o these_o we_o will_v add_v that_o it_o will_v also_o follow_v that_o the_o grapy_a membrane_n which_o be_v diverse_o colour_v will_v be_v see_v but_o that_o be_v not_o see_v wherefore_o we_o conclude_v that_o nothing_o within_o the_o eye_n can_v be_v see_v now_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o something_o within_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v see_v be_v prove_v by_o authority_n see_v that_o something_o within_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v see_v and_o experience_n first_o the_o authority_n of_o aristotle_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la and_o in_o the_o four_o of_o his_o meteor_n seem_v thus_o to_o persuade_v we_o for_o say_v he_o when_o the_o eye_n be_v roll_v or_o move_v in_o the_o dark_a something_o may_v be_v see_v within_o the_o eye_n this_o authority_n be_v also_o back_v and_o confirm_v by_o experience_n for_o in_o vision_n or_o phantisine_n experience_n authority_n experience_n which_o do_v usual_o go_v before_o suffusion_n there_o do_v appear_v certain_a figure_n magnitude_n position_n and_o diverse_a colour_n all_o which_o be_v resident_a in_o the_o eye_n and_o not_o in_o the_o air_n for_o than_o image_n of_o vision_n or_o image_n they_o will_v be_v equal_o perceive_v of_o all_o man_n and_o when_o a_o critical_a evacuation_n of_o blood_n by_o the_o nose_n be_v ready_a to_o follow_v there_o be_v see_v afore_o the_o eye_n certain_a red_a shadow_n which_o they_o call_v marmarygae_fw-la but_o that_o these_o thing_n may_v appear_v more_o plain_a and_o evident_a it_o will_v be_v behoosefull_a to_o note_v a_o few_o thing_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o vision_n or_o imagination_n vision_n 2._o kind_n of_o vision_n concern_v such_o vision_n some_o be_v according_a to_o galen_n in_o his_o 4._o book_n de_fw-la locis_fw-la affectis_fw-la of_o idle_a head_a man_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o wander_a and_o uncertain_a motion_n of_o the_o image_n and_o so_o frantic_a man_n do_v hunt_v after_o fly_n catch_v at_o a_o flock_n or_o feather_n pickle_n at_o straw_n and_o be_v brain_n vision_n by_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o brain_n terrify_v yea_o start_v and_o fly_v from_o vain_a and_o false_a image_n these_o vision_n be_v not_o disease_n of_o the_o eye_n but_o they_o be_v symptom_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o of_o the_o imagination_n there_o be_v also_o other_o vision_n and_o representation_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o eye_n eye_n vision_n proper_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o external_a sensitive_a faculty_n when_o false_a imagination_n do_v obtrude_v and_o offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o eye_n for_o as_o avicen_n write_v there_o may_v appear_v some_o small_a body_n in_o the_o air_n and_o diverse_a mingle_a colour_n which_o indeed_o be_v nothing_o this_o vision_n be_v term_v by_o the_o arabian_n imagination_n but_o galen_n define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o external_a apparition_n happen_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o dark_a or_o cloudy_a vapour_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o crystalline_a and_o the_o horny_a coat_n be_v what_o vision_n be_v it_o be_v a_o symptom_n or_o sign_n of_o a_o deprave_a sight_n because_o certain_a outward_a colour_a thing_n do_v appear_v which_o indeed_o be_v not_o the_o eye_n judge_v that_o to_o be_v without_o which_o indeed_o be_v within_o it_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o symptom_n be_v acknowledge_v of_o all_o to_o be_v that_o shadow_n or_o cloudy_a apparition_n the_o cause_n of_o such_o apparition_n and_o dark_a vapour_n which_o do_v interpose_v itself_o between_o the_o horny_a coat_n and_o the_o chrystaline_a humour_n i_o call_v it_o dark_a or_o shaddowy_a that_o be_v imperuious_a as_o the_o barbarian_n say_v they_o mean_v not_o bright_a or_o translucent_a for_o if_o that_o body_n which_o be_v between_o the_o horny_a coat_n and_o the_o chrystaline_a be_v translucent_a these_o vision_n will_v not_o run_v before_o the_o sight_n but_o the_o species_n of_o visible_a thing_n that_o be_v pure_a and_o not_o mix_v will_v have_v be_v carry_v to_o the_o chrystaline_a the_o place_n of_o this_o small_a body_n or_o vapour_n be_v the_o whole_a space_n from_o the_o horny_a membrane_n vapour_n the_o place_n of_o this_o vapour_n unto_o the_o chrystaline_a for_o if_o this_o vapour_n have_v be_v contain_v betwixt_o the_o chrystaline_a and_o the_o coition_n or_o meeting_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n it_o will_v not_o have_v raise_v any_o such_o representation_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o whole_a reception_n of_o the_o species_n be_v make_v in_o the_o crystalline_a alone_o but_o if_o peradventure_o this_o vapour_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o glassy_a humour_n which_o do_v hinder_v the_o arrival_n of_o the_o internal_a light_n it_o will_v either_o diminish_v and_o weaken_v this_o action_n of_o see_v or_o else_o utter_o extinguish_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_a therefore_o that_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o suffusion_n and_o in_o critical_a evacuation_n of_o blood_n by_o the_o nose_n in_o the_o peripneumonia_fw-la or_o inflammation_n of_o the_o lung_n in_o the_o vertigo_n or_o giddiness_n in_o the_o loathe_n of_o meat_n or_o vomit_v there_o be_v gnat_n and_o fly_n &_o certain_a red_a shadow_n call_v marmarygae_fw-la before_o the_o eye_n all_o which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o external_a air_n for_o than_o they_o shall_v be_v see_v of_o all_o man_n but_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o eye_n we_o will_v hold_v what_o we_o hold_v therefore_o thus_o determine_v the_o propound_a question_n that_o some_o thing_n within_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v see_v because_o the_o object_n be_v present_a that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o interpose_a body_n a_o medium_n translucide_v which_o be_v the_o waterish_a humour_n and_o the_o principal_a organ_n of_o sight_n which_o be_v the_o crystalline_a humour_n yet_o we_o affirm_v that_o this_o vision_n be_v not_o perfect_a the_o reason_n which_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o aristotle_n be_v to_o be_v
have_v adhaer_v to_o a_o firm_a basis_n or_o foundation_n qvest._n xxvii_o two_o obscure_a and_o intricate_a question_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v resolve_v we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o discuss_v a_o very_a hard_a problem_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o enodation_n of_o which_o knot_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v have_v question_n first_o question_n not_o as_o yet_o be_v perform_v of_o any_o man_n and_o it_o be_v this_o wherefore_o the_o eye_n consider_v they_o have_v several_a distinct_a muscle_n by_o themselves_o be_v yet_o motion_n why_o the_o eye_n be_v move_v together_o with_o the_o same_o motion_n not_o move_v with_o diverse_a motion_n but_o be_v guide_v together_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o one_o and_o the_o same_o motion_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v that_o the_o right_a eye_n shall_v be_v move_v and_o the_o leave_v stand_v still_o neither_o can_v the_o right_n be_v lift_v up_o and_o the_o leave_v depress_v which_o identity_n of_o motion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n for_o i_o have_v free_a liberty_n at_o the_o same_o moment_n to_o move_v my_o right_a hand_n upward_o and_o my_o leave_v downward_o aristotle_n propound_v this_o question_n in_o his_o problem_n which_o thus_o he_o endeavour_v to_o resolve_v aristotle_n the_o solution_n of_o aristotle_n though_o say_v he_o the_o eye_n be_v double_a yet_o there_o be_v but_o one_o beginning_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o the_o same_o original_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o coition_n or_o meeting_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n he_o therefore_o refer_v the_o cause_n unto_o that_o coition_n avicen_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o arabian_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n and_o galen_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n where_o he_o think_v the_o optic_n do_v therefore_o meet_v in_o one_o that_o one_o object_n shall_v not_o appear_v double_a these_o thing_n have_v some_o show_n of_o probability_n but_o they_o do_v not_o 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continual_o separate_v and_o do_v never_o meet_v together_o it_o be_v therefore_o very_o fond_a and_o absurd_a to_o think_v that_o both_o the_o eye_n be_v move_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n because_o there_o be_v one_o only_a beginning_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o optic_n see_v neither_o that_o coition_n nor_o yet_o the_o optic_n themselves_n do_v any_o whit_n further_o the_o motion_n but_o only_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o eye_n we_o do_v acknowledge_v a_o double_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n the_o final_a and_o instrumental_a the_o final_a cause_n be_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o this_o be_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o question_n the_o true_a resolution_n of_o the_o question_n the_o object_n appear_v even_o such_o as_o it_o be_v but_o if_o the_o eye_n be_v move_v with_o diverse_a motion_n that_o one_o may_v be_v carry_v downward_o the_o other_o upward_o sure_o every_o object_n though_o in_o it_o own_o nature_n one_o and_o the_o same_o yet_o will_v continual_o appear_v double_a and_o so_o the_o most_o noble_a sense_n will_v be_v deceive_v and_o the_o action_n of_o sight_n will_v be_v imperfect_a if_o this_o seem_v harsh_a to_o be_v believe_v you_o may_v thus_o make_v trial_n of_o it_o if_o you_o either_o lift_v up_o the_o one_o eye_n or_o depress_v it_o with_o your_o finger_n you_o shall_v see_v all_o object_n double_a and_o discern_v the_o one_o to_o be_v high_a and_o the_o other_o low_a because_o the_o one_o eye_n be_v move_v upward_o the_o other_o downward_o but_o if_o you_o shut_v either_o of_o they_o this_o double_a apparition_n of_o the_o object_n will_v vanish_v although_o you_o press_v that_o eye_n with_o your_o finger_n also_o if_o you_o move_v your_o eye_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o to_o the_o left_a the_o object_n will_v not_o appear_v double_a because_o the_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n remain_v both_o in_o one_o line_n but_o wherefore_o upon_o the_o diverse_a motion_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o object_n be_v double_v be_v a_o thing_n solution_n question_n solution_n worthy_a to_o be_v understand_v galen_n in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o 10._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la write_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o visible_a cones_n or_o turbinate_v form_n must_v be_v place_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o plain_a lest_o that_o which_o be_v but_o one_o shall_v appear_v double_a but_o if_o one_o of_o the_o eye_n be_v move_v downward_o the_o apple_n of_o they_o both_o will_v not_o be_v in_o the_o same_o plain_a and_o the_o same_o superficies_n and_o so_o the_o object_n will_v appear_v double_a for_o then_o because_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o one_o eye_n do_v not_o equal_o reach_v the_o object_n as_o neither_o do_v the_o beam_n of_o the_o other_o that_o which_o the_o sense_n perceive_v twice_o it_o perceive_v as_o if_o it_o be_v double_a or_o two_o several_a thing_n which_o also_o happen_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v for_o if_o one_o finger_n be_v so_o fold_v with_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v lay_v above_o it_o and_o therewith_o a_o man_n touch_v a_o stone_n the_o touch_n will_v judge_v that_o to_o be_v double_a which_o be_v but_o one_o in_o the_o palsy_n or_o the_o convulsion_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o object_n present_v themselves_o in_o a_o double_a form_n because_o the_o eye_n depart_v from_o the_o same_o superficies_n so_o also_o the_o optic_n be_v either_o loosen_a or_o convel_v the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n do_v not_o retain_v his_o equality_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o thing_n appear_v double_a and_o so_o sometime_o a_o drunken_a man_n will_v think_v all_o thing_n that_o he_o see_v double_a in_o like_a manner_n some_o that_o be_v strabone_n that_o be_v squint-eyed_a do_v see_v thing_n double_a because_o one_o of_o the_o pupillaes_n be_v either_o raise_v up_o or_o depress_v but_o if_o the_o eye_n be_v in_o the_o same_o plain_a though_o they_o be_v two_o yet_o the_o visible_a thing_n be_v present_v simple_a before_o they_o because_o the_o same_o species_n and_o the_o same_o magnitude_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v receive_v of_o both_o the_o eye_n and_o be_v together_o offer_v to_o the_o common_a sense_n which_o do_v not_o discern_v any_o thing_n but_o that_o which_o be_v present_a we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o final_a cause_n which_o as_o we_o have_v often_o conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n repeat_v out_o of_o aristotle_n be_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a cause_n in_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v that_o the_o two_o eye_n be_v together_o and_o at_o once_o move_v i_o say_v this_o be_v because_o it_o do_v much_o tend_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o nature_n do_v continual_o fit_v her_o instrument_n as_o they_o may_v best_o further_o the_o final_a cause_n which_o whither_o you_o call_v the_o use_n of_o the_o necessity_n it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n and_o therefore_o she_o have_v so_o dispose_v the_o nerve_n of_o the_o second_o conjugation_n which_o do_v carry_v the_o command_n of_o motion_n and_o the_o animal_n spirit_n into_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v therefore_o term_v porter_n and_o cadgers_n that_o in_o their_o beginning_n they_o be_v continual_a make_v as_o it_o be_v on_o chord_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o right_n can_v be_v move_v but_o the_o other_o will_v follow_v his_o motion_n and_o this_o be_v a_o new_a and_o a_o most_o elegant_a observation_n the_o other_o question_n we_o shall_v discover_v out_o of_o cassius_n to_o wit_n wherefore_o the_o disease_n of_o solution_n the_o second_o question_n why_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o one_o eye_n only_o do_v more_o provoke_v us._n solution_n one_o eye_n do_v more_o vex_v we_o then_o if_o both_o be_v disease_v whether_o it_o be_v
of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la part_n acknowledge_v a_o three_o cause_n of_o this_o their_o meeting_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o form_n &_o image_n of_o visible_a thing_n may_v be_v unite_v for_o three_o the_o three_o though_o the_o species_n be_v carry_v through_o two_o organ_n yet_o they_o appear_v single_a and_o not_o double_a and_o this_o be_v aristotle_n mind_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o problem_n and_o the_o three_o section_n where_o he_o demand_v why_o the_o eye_n be_v together_o and_o at_o once_o move_v because_o say_v he_o they_o have_v one_o beginning_n of_o motion_n to_o wit_n the_o meeting_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n and_o avicen_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n but_o i_o say_v laurentius_n do_v not_o altogether_o approve_v of_o this_o cause_n of_o their_o coition_n for_o vesalius_n write_v that_o he_o observe_v in_o a_o young_a man_n that_o these_o optic_a nerve_n do_v no_o where_n meet_v and_o yet_o he_o never_o in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n complain_v of_o any_o depravation_n or_o infirmity_n of_o sight_n aristotle_n write_v in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o the_o 4._o of_o his_o metaphysic_n that_o the_o sense_n be_v never_o deceive_v about_o his_o proper_a object_n what_o need_n be_v there_o then_o of_o this_o conjunction_n again_o if_o we_o obtain_v this_o by_o the_o coition_n of_o these_o nerve_n that_o the_o species_n and_o form_n of_o either_o eye_n be_v unite_v into_o one_o then_o why_o shall_v not_o those_o many_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v together_o appear_v but_o one_o in_o like_a manner_n though_o there_o be_v two_o ear_n and_o two_o nostril_n yet_o the_o object_n do_v not_o appear_v manifold_a to_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o from_o this_o coition_n of_o the_o optic_n that_o the_o object_n appear_v simple_a but_o because_o the_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v in_o the_o same_o plain_a and_o be_v turn_v towards_o the_o visible_a object_n at_o the_o same_o moment_n four_o some_o will_v have_v the_o opticke_n to_o meet_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v more_o fit_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o perforation_n in_o the_o scull_n and_o so_o may_v be_v carry_v direct_o to_o the_o eye_n reason_n the_o 4._o reason_n last_o galen_n in_o the_o 14._o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la conceive_v that_o they_o meet_v that_o so_o the_o visive_a spirit_n may_v pass_v from_o the_o one_o eye_n into_o the_o other_o in_o a_o moment_n reason_n the_o 5._o reason_n for_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o sight_n so_o the_o one_o eye_n be_v shut_v we_o do_v see_v more_o accuratelie_o with_o the_o other_o and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o coition_n or_o meeting_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n let_v we_o now_o follow_v on_o and_o declare_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o insertion_n the_o optic_a nerve_n nerve_n the_o insertion_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v consist_v of_o a_o double_a substance_n a_o internal_a which_o be_v marrowye_n and_o a_o external_a which_o be_v membranous_a the_o inner_a marrow_n when_o it_o attain_v to_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n be_v dilate_v and_o so_o diffuse_v visive_a spirit_n through_o the_o whole_a eye_n out_o of_o this_o dilatation_n arise_v a_o coat_n which_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o net-like_a coat_n which_o as_o galen_n teach_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la do_v neither_o in_o colour_n nor_o substance_n deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o coat_n but_o if_o you_o cast_v it_o into_o water_n you_o shall_v see_v it_o resemble_v the_o soft_a white_a and_o marrowy_a substance_n of_o the_o brain_n but_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v consist_v of_o two_o coat_n the_o one_o whereof_o be_v propagate_v from_o the_o thin_a meninx_n the_o other_o from_o the_o hard_a the_o one_o be_v spend_v into_o the_o grapie_a coat_n the_o other_o into_o the_o horny_a membrane_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o continuitie_n of_o this_o optic_a nerve_n the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v carry_v even_o in_o a_o moment_n unto_o the_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n concern_v the_o last_o question_n which_o be_v of_o the_o inner_a cavity_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n galen_n nerve_n of_o the_o cavitie_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n write_v in_o the_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la that_o they_o be_v manifest_o hollow_a and_o therefore_o herophilus_n call_v these_o nerve_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o they_o be_v perforate_v or_o hole_v through_o but_o we_o do_v not_o admit_v this_o sensible_a cavity_n in_o nerve_n yet_o we_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v the_o most_o soft_a of_o all_o the_o nerve_n and_o more_o spongy_a that_o they_o may_v receive_v and_o transport_v a_o more_o copious_a and_o abundant_a source_n of_o animal_n spirir_n qvest._n xxx_o whether_o the_o light_n be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o sight_n there_o be_v some_o which_o do_v determine_v that_o light_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n ground_v their_o opinion_n upon_o this_o foundation_n because_o every_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v sight_n their_o reason_n which_o say_v light_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n either_o be_v light_a or_o it_o be_v see_v by_o the_o light_n or_o as_o simplicius_n say_v that_o which_o be_v see_v be_v either_o light_n or_o never_o a_o kin_n unto_o it_o conclude_v hence_o that_o light_n be_v visible_a by_o itself_o but_o colour_n and_o other_o thing_n only_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o light_n insomuch_o as_o light_n be_v the_o cause_n wherefore_o they_o be_v see_v but_o none_o of_o these_o be_v true_a &_o first_o of_o all_o that_o proposition_n may_v not_o be_v grant_v to_o wit_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v see_v be_v either_o light_n or_o be_v see_v by_o the_o light_n or_o be_v very_o like_a to_o it_o for_o if_o they_o take_v see_v in_o so_o large_a a_o sense_n as_o to_o perceive_v a_o thing_n with_o the_o eye_n as_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o must_v grant_v for_o else_o we_o will_v deny_v that_o the_o light_n itself_o may_v be_v see_v then_o will_v also_o darkness_n itself_o be_v see_v which_o neither_o be_v nor_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o light_n neither_o be_v it_o of_o a_o nature_n like_o unto_o it_o again_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o see_v by_o light_n for_o there_o be_v something_n which_o be_v make_v conspicuous_a dark_a some_o thing_n be_v see_v in_o the_o dark_a only_o by_o darkness_n but_o in_o too_o clear_a and_o splendide_fw-la a_o light_n they_o fly_v from_o the_o sense_n as_o the_o scale_n and_o eye_n of_o fish_n old_a rot_a wood_n yea_o i_o say_v the_o star_n themselves_o which_o therefore_o the_o vulgar_a imagine_n do_v fall_v because_o they_o be_v obscure_v by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o take_v from_o our_o sight_n but_o at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o evening_n twilight_n to_o wit_n see_v how_o the_o star_n be_v see_v when_o the_o light_n go_v away_o and_o the_o night_n approach_v they_o be_v by_o degree_n restore_v to_o our_o sight_n again_o as_o in_o the_o morning_n twilight_n they_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n do_v withdraw_v themselves_o by_o little_a and_o little_a from_o us._n therefore_o every_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v be_v not_o light_a or_o see_v by_o the_o light_n reason_n and_o aristotle_n doctrine_n do_v contradict_v this_o opinion_n for_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o both_o these_o that_o the_o eye_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o his_o own_o object_n that_o so_o it_o may_v receive_v it_o more_o eye_n light_n be_v not_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sight_n because_o it_o be_v in_o the_o eye_n sincere_o but_o the_o eye_n both_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o whole_a frame_n and_o composition_n and_o especial_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n where_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o object_n be_v proper_o make_v be_v especial_o light_a and_o clear_a light_v therefore_o can_v be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o sight_n moreover_o to_o see_v be_v not_o only_o to_o know_v a_o thing_n with_o the_o eye_n for_o this_o be_v too_o large_a a_o a_o signification_n and_o agree_v to_o many_o thing_n beside_o the_o proper_a object_n but_o we_o do_v proper_o see_v that_o in_o which_o when_o it_o be_v perceive_v with_o the_o eye_n the_o sight_n be_v determine_v and_o stay_v itself_o but_o the_o sight_n be_v not_o terminate_v in_o the_o light_n though_o the_o eye_n do_v perceive_v it_o but_o reach_v always_o beyond_o it_o see_v therefore_o the_o light_n can_v be_v true_o see_v it_o can_v be_v the_o true_a object_n of_o sight_n furthermore_o a_o incorporeal_a object_n can_v alter_v a_o corporeal_a organ_n except_o it_o proceed_v vision_n the_o alteration_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v requisite_a to_o vision_n from_o a_o body_n that_o
not_o themselves_o perceive_v but_o they_o be_v that_o whereby_o the_o object_n do_v move_v the_o sense_n improove_v this_o opinion_n improove_v see_v then_o the_o lumen_fw-la be_v see_v by_o itself_o it_o can_v be_v that_o the_o light_n shall_v through_o it_o attain_v unto_o the_o sense_n but_o they_o further_o object_v that_o the_o lumen_fw-la or_o enlighten_v be_v in_o a_o tralucent_a body_n and_o the_o light_n or_o lux_fw-la in_o a_o dark_a body_n and_o that_o therefore_o they_o differ_v in_o specie_fw-la or_o in_o kind_a one_o from_o objection_n objection_n another_o but_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o indeed_o we_o grant_v that_o the_o lumen_fw-la be_v in_o a_o tralucent_a or_o bright_a body_n but_o we_o confident_o deny_v that_o the_o light_n be_v in_o a_o dark_a body_n for_o it_o be_v also_o solution_n solution_n in_o a_o tralucent_a body_n yet_o in_o a_o subject_n more_o dense_a and_o dark_a then_o that_o of_o the_o lumen_fw-la for_o the_o light_n itself_o be_v more_o dark_a than_o the_o illumination_n therefore_o say_v arist._n it_o do_v determine_v or_o limit_v the_o sight_n whence_o it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o colour_n for_o he_o call_v light_a white_a in_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la and_o also_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n he_o call_v the_o sun_n white_a but_o the_o matter_n be_v clear_a of_o itself_o for_o we_o perceive_v that_o our_o sight_n be_v terminate_v in_o a_o flame_n in_o the_o sun_n or_o in_o the_o moon_n neither_o be_v any_o other_o colour_n bring_v unto_o we_o through_o they_o but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o light_n seem_v to_o be_v permanent_a and_o abide_v in_o the_o subject_n but_o the_o lumen_fw-la be_v not_o except_v in_o some_o clear_a bright_a body_n i_o answer_v it_o be_v true_a but_o answer_n objection_n answer_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o argue_v a_o specifical_a difference_n for_o as_o the_o heat_n be_v proper_a unto_o the_o fire_n do_v abide_v therein_o and_o the_o other_o heat_n which_o be_v produce_v from_o this_o do_v vanish_v when_o the_o fire_n be_v remoove_v from_o it_o yet_o they_o differ_v not_o in_o kind_n so_o neither_o do_v lumen_fw-la or_o enlighten_v differ_v from_o lux_fw-la or_o the_o fountain_n of_o this_o illumination_n but_o there_o be_v many_o reason_n why_o they_o do_v not_o differ_v in_o kind_a one_o from_o another_o for_o sometime_o the_o lumen_fw-la or_o illumination_n do_v assume_v to_o itself_o the_o nature_n of_o lux_fw-la or_o light_n so_o the_o moon_n have_v light_a which_o be_v manifestlye_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o very_a enlighten_v of_o kind_n that_o lux_fw-la and_o lumen_fw-la do_v not_o differ_v in_o kind_n the_o sun_n but_o do_v they_o not_o at_o all_o then_o differ_v i_o say_v they_o differ_v yet_o in_o the_o planet_n not_o true_o but_o only_o in_o respect_n for_o example_n the_o moon_n as_o it_o do_v enlighten_v the_o earth_n have_v light_a but_o as_o it_o receyve_v this_o light_n from_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v only_o a_o illumination_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o some_o illumination_n have_v a_o convenient_a dark_a body_n oppose_v to_o it_o will_v become_v light_a &_o send_v a_o illumination_n out_o of_o itself_o but_o if_o you_o let_v it_o be_v without_o a_o dark_a body_n it_o will_v be_v only_o a_o illumination_n even_o as_o the_o elementary_a fire_n in_o his_o proper_a place_n be_v common_o call_v lumen_fw-la and_o yet_o be_v not_o see_v because_o it_o have_v no_o dark_a body_n that_o so_o it_o may_v transmit_v her_o illumination_n to_o we_o so_o that_o light_n be_v no_o other_o thing_n but_o a_o condense_a illumination_n yet_o not_o so_o see_v why_o the_o elementary_a fire_n be_v not_o see_v that_o it_o do_v degenerate_a into_o a_o colour_n moreover_o they_o differ_v in_o the_o subject_n for_o this_o lumen_fw-la or_o illumination_n in_o his_o proper_a subject_n be_v lux_fw-la that_o be_v a_o light_n but_o be_v without_o it_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a illumination_n that_o be_v light_n be_v proper_o call_v that_o which_o be_v in_o a_o lucide_n or_o bright_a body_n as_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o other_o star_n but_o illumination_n be_v that_o which_o be_v produce_v from_o the_o light_n so_o that_o in_o the_o sun_n there_o be_v not_o illumination_n but_o light_n and_o in_o the_o air_n there_o be_v no_o light_n but_o lumen_fw-la or_o illumination_n only_o qvest._n xxxii_o that_o colour_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n all_o the_o author_n which_o ever_o write_v of_o the_o sight_n have_v determine_v with_o one_o consent_n that_o colour_n be_v the_o proper_a object_n thereof_o herein_o follow_v sight_n colour_n be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o sight_n the_o step_n of_o aristotle_n who_o have_v be_v their_o leader_n and_o guide_n for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la he_o write_v on_o this_o manner_n that_o which_o be_v visible_a be_v colour_n and_o this_o colour_n be_v that_o which_o be_v in_o it_o that_o be_v visible_a and_o it_o be_v visible_a per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o by_o itself_o authority_n arist_n authority_n that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o have_v the_o cause_n within_o itself_o which_o make_v it_o visible_a where_o he_o not_o only_o describe_v the_o common_a object_n of_o sight_n but_o do_v present_o after_o restrain_v it_o unto_o a_o proper_a object_n to_o wit_n that_o which_o have_v the_o cause_n of_o visibility_n if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v in_o itself_o but_o the_o cause_n of_o visibility_n be_v to_o be_v able_a to_o move_v the_o perspicuum_fw-la or_o tralucent_a body_n that_o be_v to_o imprint_v his_o species_n in_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la by_o the_o mean_n whereof_o the_o sight_n be_v move_v and_o therefore_o he_o add_v immediate_o these_o word_n all_o colour_n be_v motive_n or_o able_a to_o move_v that_o which_o be_v actual_o tralucent_a and_o this_o be_v the_o nature_n thereof_o if_o therefore_o the_o colour_n do_v by_o itself_o move_v the_o translucet_n body_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o visibility_n it_o must_v also_o be_v account_v necessary_o for_o the_o proper_a object_n of_o sight_n for_o neither_o illumination_n nor_o light_n nor_o any_o other_o thing_n by_o itself_o can_v move_v this_o sense_n unless_o in_o some_o part_n it_o be_v answerable_a unto_o colour_n and_o then_o the_o effect_n be_v nevertheless_o due_a unto_o the_o colour_n add_v hereto_o that_o the_o proper_a object_n of_o sight_n must_v be_v of_o that_o nature_n that_o in_o it_o the_o sight_n may_v be_v determine_v and_o may_v rest_v to_o form_v the_o visive_a faculty_n and_o wherein_o if_o need_v it_o another_o reason_n to_o prove_v it_o require_v more_o accurate_a inspection_n it_o may_v stay_v and_o rest_v itself_o but_o no_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v find_v in_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o nature_n beside_o colour_n again_o by_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n all_o mix_a body_n do_v become_v visible_a but_o this_o be_v accomplish_v neither_o by_o illumination_n nor_o light_n nor_o by_o any_o other_o thing_n but_o only_o by_o colour_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o sight_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o thing_n be_v make_v visible_a in_o the_o light_n yet_o not_o by_o the_o light_n that_o be_v light_n be_v no_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o vision_n because_o it_o be_v not_o able_a nor_o apt_a to_o move_v the_o tralucent_a body_n but_o only_o the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la for_o when_o we_o say_v that_o colour_n be_v able_a to_o move_v the_o perspicuum_fw-la we_o do_v not_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v the_o act_n of_o it_o but_o that_o it_o affect_v and_o move_v it_o by_o a_o visive_a species_n and_o this_o be_v peculiar_a to_o colour_n alone_o last_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v visible_a do_v fall_v under_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o accident_n reason_n 3._o reason_n which_o be_v in_o they_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n whereby_o we_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n by_o another_o quality_n but_o neither_o illumination_n nor_o light_n nor_o any_o thing_n before_o mention_v be_v in_o visible_a thing_n but_o only_a colour_n therefore_o we_o know_v not_o thing_n by_o they_o but_o by_o the_o colour_n see_v then_o that_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n ought_v to_o be_v such_o that_o thereby_o we_o may_v come_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o visible_a thing_n none_o of_o these_o but_o only_a colour_n be_v to_o be_v account_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n for_o this_o be_v in_o all_o thing_n and_o do_v immediate_o follow_v the_o miston_n of_o element_n i_o may_v add_v that_o in_o every_o object_n there_o be_v diverse_a species_n to_o be_v require_v as_o contrary_a intermediate_v thing_n the_o variety_n of_o kind_n be_v require_v in_o every_o thing_n and_o some_o alike_o because_o there_o
opinion_n by_o this_o that_o as_o the_o colour_a body_n be_v illuminate_v either_o right_o or_o oblique_o even_o so_o be_v the_o colour_n thereof_o change_v but_o have_v dispute_v this_o before_o i_o now_o pass_v it_o over_o so_o that_o it_o remain_v that_o we_o demonstrate_v and_o show_v that_o the_o colour_n the_o epicure_n reason_n that_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n lumen_fw-la or_o splendencie_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o colour_n but_o first_o let_v we_o hear_v the_o argument_n which_o the_o epicure_n bring_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o opinion_n they_o say_v therefore_o that_o see_v the_o faculty_n of_o see_v be_v one_o and_o simple_a therefore_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v judge_v there_o by_o proper_o and_o by_o themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v refer_v unto_o one_o primarie_n genus_fw-la and_o because_o light_n can_v be_v reduce_v unto_o colour_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o colour_n be_v reduce_v unto_o light_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v so_o absurd_a that_o it_o seem_v not_o worthy_a the_o time_n and_o labour_n of_o confutation_n especial_o because_o it_o no_o whit_n advance_v the_o certainty_n of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o controversy_n for_o they_o be_v to_o conclude_v that_o lumen_fw-la be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n yet_o nevertheless_o their_o argument_n will_v not_o stand_v for_o we_o grant_v indeed_o that_o that_o which_o be_v see_v ought_v proper_o and_o by_o itself_o to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o one_o genus_fw-la or_o head_n because_o the_o faculty_n judge_v of_o they_o be_v one_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v before_o but_o we_o deny_v that_o illumination_n can_v proper_o be_v see_v or_o that_o colour_n may_v be_v refer_v there-unto_a have_v we_o not_o convince_v by_o that_o which_o head_n all_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o head_n go_v before_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v see_v by_o itself_o be_v a_o colour_n be_v not_o light_a and_o translucencie_n perceive_v improper_o to_o wit_n only_o as_o they_o be_v proportion_v unto_o a_o colour_n as_o we_o have_v prove_v sufficient_o and_o have_v we_o not_o demonstrate_v that_o neither_o light_n nor_o splendencie_n can_v be_v a_o colour_n how_o then_o shall_v colour_n be_v bring_v unto_o the_o nature_n of_o light_n yea_o i_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o illumination_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o colour_n colour_n the_o light_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o colour_n because_o it_o become_v visible_a no_o other_o way_n then_o as_o it_o obtain_v some_o proportion_n with_o colour_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n some_o do_v object_n that_o colour_n be_v say_v to_o be_v actual_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o transparent_a body_n as_o it_o be_v transparent_a but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o illuminate_v transparent_a body_n because_o without_o light_a both_o the_o colour_n and_o transparent_a body_n be_v only_o in_o potentia_fw-la and_o possibility_n see_v therefore_o that_o the_o light_n do_v induce_v a_o actual_a be_v upon_o the_o colour_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n because_o the_o act_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v the_o form_n of_o it_o how_o that_o of_o aristotle_n namely_o that_o colour_n be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o light_n do_v actuate_v colour_n i_o answer_v that_o light_n do_v not_o actuate_v the_o colour_n as_o it_o be_v consider_v in_o it_o own_o form_n light_n be_v not_o the_o form_n nature_n as_o a_o colour_n for_o a_o colour_n remain_v a_o colour_n even_o in_o the_o dark_a it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o it_o make_v the_o colour_n actual_o visible_a neither_o do_v we_o deny_v it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o colour_n it_o shall_v not_o only_o make_v it_o visible_a but_o what_o effence_n so_o ever_o colour_n have_v it_o shall_v of_o necessity_n have_v receive_v it_o from_o the_o light_n but_o we_o have_v teach_v already_o that_o the_o whole_a essence_n of_o colour_n proceed_v from_o the_o four_o element_n moreover_o it_o can_v be_v that_o this_o light_n shall_v be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n first_o because_o the_o form_n join_v with_o the_o matter_n do_v constitute_v one_o compound_v body_n but_o light_n and_o thereof_o the_o reason_n thereof_o colour_n be_v in_o diverse_a subject_n again_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o one_o accident_n be_v the_o form_n of_o another_o but_o light_n though_o it_o be_v something_o more_o than_o a_o mere_a accident_n yet_o it_o savour_v most_o of_o a_o accident_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o colour_n last_o if_o illumination_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n than_o colour_n shall_v not_o differ_v in_o specie_fw-la for_o whether_o the_o light_n be_v strong_a or_o remiss_a whether_o it_o be_v direct_a or_o refract_v and_o break_v it_o be_v always_o of_o the_o same_o species_n but_o we_o see_v that_o colour_n be_v not_o only_o diverse_a but_o also_o contrary_a therefore_o light_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n but_o the_o epicure_n will_v make_v we_o believe_v that_o this_o variety_n of_o colour_n proceed_v from_o their_o different_a original_n and_o beginning_n which_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v their_o matter_n sure_o a_o opinion_n unbeseeming_a one_o which_o carry_v but_o the_o name_n of_o a_o philosopher_n for_o can_v you_o take_v form_n all_o difference_n be_v take_v from_o the_o form_n the_o difference_n of_o thing_n from_o their_o matter_n know_v you_o not_o that_o the_o specifical_a difference_n of_o thing_n do_v flow_v from_o the_o form_n be_v it_o any_o matter_n which_o distinguish_v a_o man_n from_o a_o beast_n no_o but_o the_o understanding_n or_o reason_n now_o reason_n be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o man_n not_o his_o matter_n and_o this_o we_o may_v learn_v by_o mechanical_a art_n for_o the_o same_o workman_n out_o of_o the_o same_o matter_n do_v form_n both_o a_o altar_n and_o a_o image_n and_o these_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o not_o because_o they_o consist_v of_o a_o diverse_a matter_n but_o because_o a_o diverse_a form_n be_v give_v to_o either_o of_o they_o to_o these_o we_o will_v add_v that_o colour_n be_v another_o thing_n then_o the_o light_n for_o colour_n work_v upon_o the_o light_n touch_v the_o illuminate_v air_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o a_o looking-glass_n receyve_v colour_n bring_v unto_o it_o through_o enlighten_v air_n so_o also_o the_o greenness_n of_o tree_n and_o meadow_n do_v appear_v in_o such_o body_n as_o be_v opposite_a unto_o they_o which_o can_v not_o be_v except_o image_n how_o a_o glass_n receive_v image_n the_o colour_n shall_v work_v upon_o the_o light_n but_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o the_o thing_n form_v do_v work_v upon_o the_o form_n qvest._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a of_o the_o sight_n no_o man_n ever_o doubt_v whether_o the_o sight_n stand_v need_n of_o a_o mean_a but_o all_o rest_n upon_o experience_n which_o no_o man_n well_o in_o his_o wit_n will_v contradict_v for_o see_v a_o visible_a object_n impose_v to_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o see_v if_o you_o lay_v any_o colour_n upon_o the_o eye_n it_o will_v not_o be_v perceive_v and_o if_o that_o say_n of_o aristotle_n be_v true_a in_o any_o sense_n it_o be_v especial_o true_a in_o this_o sense_n of_o sight_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o sensible_a thing_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o sense_n do_v make_v no_o sensation_n therefore_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o doubt_v that_o the_o sight_n have_v medium_fw-la the_o reason_n why_o it_o need_v a_o medium_fw-la need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la especial_o be_v here-unto_o persuade_v by_o reason_n beside_o experience_n for_o sight_n be_v a_o spiritual_a sense_n and_o therefore_o can_v perceive_v material_a thing_n as_o they_o be_v material_a but_o it_o discern_v their_o species_n receive_v in_o the_o mean_a and_o how_o can_v material_a thing_n send_v forth_o these_o species_n if_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a between_o the_o object_n and_o the_o organ_n i_o say_v if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o medium_fw-la which_o may_v draw_v out_o and_o receive_v the_o species_n or_o form_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o we_o make_v inquiry_n what_o that_o be_v which_o be_v a_o competent_a medium_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o see_v first_o it_o can_v be_v a_o body_n for_o every_o body_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_n no_o bodiâ—_n be_v the_o mean_a of_o sighr_n neither_o compound_n compound_v a_o compound_n body_n it_o can_v be_v because_o all_o compound_n body_n be_v colour_v and_o by_o consequent_a be_v a_o object_n and_o not_o a_o mean_a neither_o can_v any_o of_o the_o simple_a body_n be_v account_v for_o a_o mean_a for_o they_o be_v the_o four_o element_n fire_n aire_n water_n and_o earth_n fire_n be_v no_o
other_o body_n and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o sound_n of_o those_o creature_n which_o we_o call_v insecta_fw-la and_o of_o most_o fish_n the_o sound_n that_o proceed_v from_o such_o organ_n as_o be_v not_o thereto_o by_o nature_n depute_v be_v also_o double_a first_o as_o when_o two_o creature_n or_o two_o hand_n do_v strike_v one_o against_o another_o the_o second_o when_o one_o body_n have_v life_n the_o other_o have_v none_o as_o when_o a_o man_n strike_v his_o hand_n upon_o a_o table_n furthermore_o the_o natural_a sound_n of_o body_n without_o life_n be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o first_o quality_n as_o that_o of_o the_o fire_n of_o the_o air_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o of_o these_o mix_v for_o example_n the_o thunder_a of_o air_n when_o it_o be_v conclude_v or_o shut_v up_o in_o water_n and_o violent_o break_v forth_o through_o a_o narrow_a outlet_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o natural_a sound_n i_o call_v that_o violent_a which_o be_v make_v by_o body_n beat_v one_o against_o another_o by_o a_o sound_n violent_a sound_n extrinsecall_n or_o outward_a principle_n all_o which_o may_v be_v nice_o part_v into_o several_a section_n if_o we_o do_v not_o think_v that_o any_o man_n may_v out_o of_o the_o order_n we_o have_v before_o insist_v upon_o frame_n unto_o himself_o a_o multitude_n of_o distinction_n or_o difference_n of_o sound_n qvest._n xli_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o hear_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o hear_v the_o philosopher_n do_v diverse_o dissent_v in_o their_o opinion_n alcmaeon_n think_v that_o we_o do_v therefore_o hear_v because_o our_o ear_n be_v empty_a alcmaeon_n diverse_a opinion_n of_o hear_v alcmaeon_n and_o hollow_a within_o for_o all_o empty_a thing_n do_v make_v a_o resonance_n diogenes_n thought_n that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o air_n within_o the_o brain_n and_o that_o this_o air_n be_v strike_v with_o the_o voice_n &_o this_o conceit_n be_v controvert_v in_o hypocrates_n time_n &_o therefore_o diogenes_n diogenes_n in_o his_o book_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o inveigh_v against_o it_o there_o be_v say_v he_o some_o which_o write_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n have_v affirm_v that_o the_o brain_n do_v make_v a_o sound_n which_o can_v be_v for_o the_o brain_n be_v humid_a and_o moist_a but_o no_o moist_a body_n can_v cause_v a_o sound_n plato_n write_v that_o hear_v be_v hypocrates_n hypocrates_n make_v by_o the_o pulsation_n and_o beat_n of_o a_o internal_a air_n but_o we_o pass_v by_o these_o slippery_a way_n of_o opinion_n will_v insist_v upon_o the_o true_a manner_n of_o plato_n plato_n hear_v and_o in_o a_o short_a and_o familiar_a discourse_n display_v the_o whole_a nature_n thereof_o for_o because_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v be_v unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o physician_n particular_o to_o aristotle_n and_o galen_n in_o who_o day_n anatomy_n be_v but_o in_o the_o infancy_n and_o therefore_o the_o many_o small_a and_o curious_a part_n of_o that_o organ_n not_o find_v out_o we_o can_v therefore_o collect_v the_o perfect_a nature_n of_o hear_v out_o of_o their_o writing_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o disquisition_n we_o must_v trust_v more_o unto_o our_o own_o experience_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la say_v that_o three_o thing_n be_v require_v unto_o sense_n it_o how_o hear_v be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o it_o the_o object_n medium_n and_o instrument_n or_o organ_n the_o object_n of_o the_o hear_v be_v sound_a as_o colour_n be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o light_n but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o sound_n we_o have_v entreat_v already_o as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o this_o place_n only_o i_o will_v call_v to_o your_o remembrance_n by_o the_o way_n that_o a_o sound_n be_v a_o quality_n arise_v from_o the_o fraction_n and_o break_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v be_v what_o sound_n be_v make_v by_o the_o percussion_n of_o two_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n for_o soft_a thing_n do_v easy_o yield_v neither_o do_v they_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o that_o which_o beat_v against_o they_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a of_o hear_v be_v the_o external_a air_n for_o aristotle_n doubt_v whether_o it_o the_o medium_n of_o it_o the_o organ_n of_o it_o a_o voice_n can_v be_v hear_v in_o the_o water_n or_o no_o and_o yet_o he_o know_v very_o well_o that_o fish_n do_v hear_v who_o be_v ever_o present_a at_o the_o fish_n for_o mullet_n in_o the_o night_n the_o instrumtnt_n of_o the_o hear_v be_v not_o the_o external_a ear_n but_o the_o internal_a which_o consist_v of_o four_o cavity_n and_o many_o other_o particle_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n the_o manner_n therefore_o of_o hear_v be_v thus_o the_o external_a air_n be_v strike_v by_o two_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n and_o affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o sound_n do_v alter_v that_o air_n hear_v the_o manner_n of_o hear_v which_o adjoin_v 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against_o the_o most_o dry_a and_o sound_a membrane_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v tympanum_fw-la or_o the_o drum_n the_o membrane_n be_v strike_v do_v move_v the_o three_o little_a bone_n and_o in_o a_o moment_n make_v impression_n of_o the_o character_n of_o the_o sound_n this_o sound_n be_v present_o receive_v of_o the_o inbred_a air_n which_o it_o carry_v through_o the_o window_n of_o the_o stony_a stone_n before_o describe_v into_o the_o wind_a burrough_n and_o so_o into_o the_o labyrinth_n after_o into_o the_o snaile-shell_n and_o last_o into_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n which_o convey_v it_o thence_o unto_o the_o common_a sense_n as_o unto_o his_o censor_n and_o judge_n and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a manner_n of_o hear_v qvest._n xlii_o whether_o the_o proper_a and_o inbred_a air_n contain_v within_o the_o ear_n be_v the_o primary_n and_o principal_a instrument_n of_o hear_v the_o proper_a and_o ingenit_fw-la air_n which_o the_o barbarian_n call_v implant_v and_o aristotle_n inaedificate_v and_o immoneable_a be_v contain_v in_o the_o second_o cavity_n of_o the_o ear_n which_o the_o same_o aristotle_n call_v the_o snayle-shell_n some_o do_v it_o the_o name_n of_o it_o call_v it_o immovable_a because_o it_o be_v not_o move_v by_o any_o other_o but_o always_o remain_v the_o same_o in_o the_o ear_n other_o call_v it_o immovable_a because_o it_o have_v no_o natural_a sound_n but_o can_v receive_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n the_o ancients_n thought_n that_o this_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v and_o in_o respect_n of_o this_o air_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la et_fw-la sensil_n say_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o hear_v be_v airy_a indeed_o i_o esteem_v this_o air_n to_o be_v very_o necessary_a unto_o hear_v yea_o so_o necessary_a that_o hear_n can_v scarce_o be_v perform_v without_o it_o but_o i_o can_v never_o persuade_v myself_o that_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v it_o be_v a_o universal_a theorem_a and_o general_o true_a that_o in_o every_o perfect_a organ_n there_o be_v some_o certain_a particle_n to_o which_o as_o to_o the_o chief_a cause_n the_o action_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v so_o in_o the_o liver_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d make_v sanguification_n in_o the_o eye_n hear_v the_o inbred_a air_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v the_o crystalline_a humour_n cause_v sight_n in_o the_o muscle_n flesh_n effect_v motion_n and_o the_o mamillary_a process_n do_v make_v the_o smell_n but_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o this_o inbred_a air_n be_v not_o a_o similar_v part_n therefore_o no_o such_o action_n be_v due_a to_o it_o now_o that_o it_o be_v no_o part_n may_v be_v thus_o demonstrate_v every_o similar_v part_n be_v
interlocuter_n listen_v to_o advance_v themselves_o as_o we_o see_v in_o comedy_n it_o be_v very_o ordinary_a and_o by_o these_o sauce_n as_o it_o be_v of_o discourse_n be_v the_o hear_v more_o sumptuout_o feast_v but_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o stile_n in_o thing_n write_v and_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o sentence_n cause_v the_o reader_n to_o loathe_v it_o the_o second_o question_n be_v why_o a_o man_n voice_n which_o be_v sweet_a than_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o pipe_n be_v yet_o not_o judge_v sweet_a by_o the_o ear_n if_o a_o man_n imitate_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o pipe_n with_o his_o voice_n for_o when_o a_o man_n sing_v his_o voice_n be_v sweet_a than_o a_o pipe_n but_o a_o pipe_n be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o â—_o man_n voice_n when_o he_o whistle_v some_o resolve_v this_o problem_n thus_o that_o it_o so_o happen_v because_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o that_o which_o be_v counterfeit_v and_o feign_a and_o therefore_o when_o a_o man_n sing_v he_o add_v a_o articulation_n to_o his_o voice_n above_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o pipe_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o it_o be_v judge_v to_o be_v sweet_a but_o when_o he_o imitate_v a_o pipe_n or_o whistle_v he_o do_v not_o so_o sound_v pleasant_o as_o a_o pipe_n because_o he_o do_v counterfeit_v it_o the_o three_o question_n be_v why_o we_o do_v conceive_v a_o song_n to_o be_v more_o pleasant_a in_o consort_n with_o a_o pipe_n then_o with_o a_o harp_n i_o answer_v because_o both_o the_o sound_n be_v hear_v distinct_o by_o themselves_o quastion_n 3._o quastion_n and_o better_o mingle_v together_o for_o both_o a_o man_n voice_n and_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o pipe_n be_v accomplish_v by_o a_o breath_n within_o but_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o harp_n be_v not_o so_o again_o it_o may_v be_v thus_o answer_v because_o a_o pipe_n who_o sound_n be_v somewhat_o a_o kin_n to_o the_o voice_n do_v drown_v many_o fault_n in_o the_o song_n which_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o harp_n do_v not_o be_v fine_a &_o unfit_a to_o consort_v with_o the_o voice_n but_o be_v hear_v distinct_o by_o itself_o carry_n his_o own_o tune_n simple_a &_o pure_a &_o so_o discover_v all_o the_o slip_n and_o error_n of_o the_o song_n by_o his_o own_o just_a and_o proportionable_a harmony_n now_o see_v that_o in_o sing_v many_o thing_n happen_v out_o of_o order_n that_o sound_n which_o do_v most_o of_o all_o bewray_v the_o confusion_n that_o be_v betwixt_o harmony_n and_o discord_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o harsh_a in_o the_o eare._n the_o four_o question_n shall_v be_v why_o child_n when_o they_o hear_v music_n do_v first_o cease_v their_o cry_n and_o after_o fall_v asleep_a alexander_n in_o the_o 121._o problem_n of_o the_o first_o book_n render_v question_n 4._o question_n this_o reason_n of_o it_o because_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o harmony_n in_o the_o sell_v by_o instinct_n as_o other_o science_n be_v neither_o do_v we_o obtain_v any_o thing_n by_o doctrine_n as_o plato_n affirm_v but_o only_o by_o recall_v to_o mind_n as_o often_o therefore_o as_o the_o soul_n perceive_v any_o pleasant_a melody_n she_o as_o it_o be_v repeat_v and_o call_v to_o mind_v she_o own_o nature_n cause_v the_o infant_n to_o cease_v cry_v and_o lull_v it_o asleep_a by_o draw_v itself_o from_o the_o trouble_n of_o outward_a object_n these_o be_v the_o platonist_n argument_n but_o aristotle_n more_o true_o resolve_v this_o problem_n in_o the_o 39_o problem_n and_o 19_o section_n where_o he_o demand_v why_o all_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v delight_v with_o number_n tune_n and_o all_o kind_n aristotle_n aristotle_n of_o music_n be_v it_o because_o every_o thing_n according_a to_o nature_n be_v do_v by_o number_n and_o measure_n that_o so_o it_o may_v tickle_v and_o delight_v our_o sense_n or_o our_o mind_n sure_o a_o great_a argument_n of_o the_o exact_a and_o curious_a disposition_n of_o nature_n we_o may_v find_v in_o ourselves_o for_o when_o we_o labour_v drink_v &_o eat_v ordinate_o that_o be_v according_a to_o our_o proportion_n the_o scantling_n whereof_o be_v most_o common_o take_v by_o experience_n we_o do_v not_o only_o conserve_v the_o natural_a disposition_n and_o frame_n of_o our_o body_n but_o also_o increase_v our_o strength_n and_o perpetuate_v the_o vigour_n both_o of_o body_n and_o ourselves_o example_n in_o ourselves_o mind_n on_o the_o contrary_a when_o when_o we_o live_v dissolute_o that_o be_v inordinate_o all_o thing_n succeed_v and_o run_v headlong_o into_o detriment_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o resonance_n or_o consonance_n which_o we_o speak_v of_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o ordinate_a or_o proportionable_a mixtion_n or_o temper_n of_o contraries_n among_o themselves_o which_o contrary_n if_o they_o keep_v quarter_n and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v fair_a war_n there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o military_a order_n or_o consent_v in_o disagree_v aristotle_n therefore_o conceive_v that_o the_o consent_n of_o word_n do_v therefore_o refresh_v please_v and_o delight_v the_o ear_n because_o it_o be_v compound_v according_a to_o certain_a law_n derive_v or_o take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n neither_o be_v this_o only_a true_a in_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v but_o also_o in_o the_o object_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n for_o in_o a_o picture_n only_o those_o colour_n do_v delight_v the_o eye_n and_o in_o afeast_n those_o sapour_n the_o taste_n which_o be_v temper_v after_o a_o certain_a manner_n and_o proportion_n aristotle_n add_v further_a that_o not_o only_o musical_a sound_n such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v make_v according_a to_o art_n but_o those_o which_o they_o call_v modi_fw-la â—diectitij_fw-la that_o be_v extravagants_n such_o as_o we_o call_v the_o black_a santas_n do_v oft_o time_n delight_v we_o especial_o if_o we_o be_v accustom_v unto_o they_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o custom_n be_v another_o nature_n wherefore_o that_o which_o be_v by_o custom_n make_v proportionable_a be_v as_o well_o musical_a as_o that_o which_o be_v natural_o melodious_a a_o five_o question_n may_v be_v why_o he_o that_o sing_v the_o base_a be_v soon_o discover_v if_o he_o make_v problem_n 5._o problem_n any_o jar_n than_o he_o that_o sing_v the_o treble_a the_o like_a happen_v in_o number_n for_o in_o that_o which_o be_v great_a the_o error_n be_v more_o evident_a but_o let_v we_o give_v the_o reason_n we_o say_v therefore_o it_o be_v because_o the_o base_a sound_n consume_v more_o time_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n be_v better_a perceive_v by_o the_o ear_n but_o the_o treble_a sound_n be_v swift_a and_o do_v easy_o and_o sudden_o pass_v away_o a_o six_o question_n be_v why_o we_o do_v not_o hear_v well_o when_o we_o yawn_v i_o answer_v that_o in_o hear_n 6._o problem_n why_o yawn_a hinder_v our_o hear_n the_o act_n of_o yawn_a which_o the_o latin_n call_v oscitation_n we_o shake_v out_o and_o disquiet_v a_o dull_a and_o sluggish_a wind_n which_o lurk_v in_o the_o cranny_n and_o chink_n of_o the_o throat_n which_o wind_n attain_v unto_o the_o ear_n by_o those_o perforation_n which_o be_v make_v from_o they_o into_o the_o palate_n stop_v and_o fulfil_v the_o organ_n of_o hear_v and_o withal_o cause_v a_o kind_n of_o disturb_v noise_n which_o darken_v the_o brightness_n or_o dull_v the_o edge_n or_o adulterate_v the_o purity_n which_o come_v from_o without_o so_o also_o we_o see_v that_o if_o two_o man_n talk_v together_o &_o at_o once_o they_o can_v hear_v one_o another_o at_o least_o not_o distinct_o because_o the_o sound_n of_o either_o voice_n be_v repel_v by_o the_o other_o and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o he_o that_o will_v listen_v &_o hear_v distinct_o hold_v his_o breath_n add_v hereto_o that_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v compress_v when_o the_o mandible_n or_o jaw_n be_v distract_v or_o draw_v asunder_o by_o oscitation_n or_o yawn_a if_o then_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v be_v compress_v the_o air_n which_o carry_v the_o sound_n can_v so_o free_o arrive_v unto_o it_o the_o seven_o question_n be_v why_o if_o a_o man_n be_v within_o a_o house_n he_o will_v soon_o hear_v a_o noise_n that_o be_v make_v without_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_n he_o that_o be_v without_o the_o house_n shall_v not_o perceive_v a_o sound_n make_v within_o the_o house_n the_o reason_n be_v thus_o render_v he_o that_o be_v without_o do_v problem_n 7._o problem_n not_o so_o well_o perceive_v the_o sound_n that_o be_v make_v within_o the_o house_n because_o the_o air_n break_v forth_o be_v dissipate_v or_o divide_v in_o a_o great_a roomth_n or_o more_o capacious_a place_n and_o so_o the_o sound_n become_v dull_a and_o lose_v his_o vigour_n be_v part_v with_o the_o air_n into_o so_o many_o part_n or_o stretch_v into_o so_o wide_a a_o extent_n again_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o that_o
of_o new_a air_n inspire_v by_o the_o mouth_n and_o last_o that_o by_o this_o way_n a_o passage_n may_v be_v open_a for_o the_o external_a air_n rush_v forcible_o through_o the_o hole_n instance_n reason_n of_o the_o former_a instance_n of_o the_o ear_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o noise_n make_v by_o ordinance_n when_o we_o be_v near_o it_o the_o air_n therefore_o do_v pass_v free_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n into_o the_o ear_n and_o again_o retire_v from_o the_o ear_n into_o the_o mouth_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o we_o will_v hear_v more_o attentivelie_o weeholde_v our_o breath_n lest_o the_o cochlea_n or_o snaile-shell_n shall_v be_v fill_v with_o abundance_n of_o inspire_a air_n and_o so_o the_o tympane_n be_v stretch_v but_o such_o as_o yawn_v do_v not_o hear_v so_o well_o because_o in_o this_o yawn_a or_o gape_v the_o tympane_n be_v so_o stretch_a and_o puff_v up_o that_o it_o can_v receyve_v outward_a sound_n last_o by_o scratch_v the_o ear_n we_o provoke_v spital_n because_o by_o that_o compress_v there_o be_v a_o expression_n of_o excrement_n into_o the_o cartilagineous_a or_o gristlie_a passage_n and_o so_o from_o thence_o unto_o the_o tongue_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v now_o we_o come_v unto_o the_o smell_n qvest._n xlv_o what_o smell_a be_v that_o the_o nose_n be_v by_o nature_n make_v as_o well_o for_o respiration_n as_o for_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a we_o have_v before_o declare_v but_o what_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_a smell_v the_o desfinitiof_n smell_v that_o we_o do_v undertake_v in_o this_o place_n more_o precise_o to_o unfold_v smell_a therefore_o be_v the_o middle_a sense_n of_o five_o which_o perceive_v the_o odour_n of_o thing_n draw_v in_o by_o the_o nostril_n for_o the_o use_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o creature_n it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n which_o also_o we_o have_v a_o little_a touch_v before_o whether_o to_o the_o action_n of_o this_o sense_n the_o inspiration_n of_o air_n together_o with_o the_o odour_n be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n and_o yet_o the_o stream_n and_o current_n of_o man_n opinion_n as_o well_o philosopher_n as_o physician_n run_v upon_o the_o affirmative_a part_n for_o if_o we_o desire_v or_o be_v willing_a to_o endeavour_n ourselves_o to_o smell_v smell_v whether_o inspiration_n be_v necessary_a to_o smell_v any_o thing_n more_o curious_o we_o draw_v the_o air_n in_o at_o our_o nostril_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o can_v smell_v in_o the_o water_n because_o the_o water_n that_o be_v draw_v fill_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o organ_n placentinus_n be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o allege_v aristotle_n for_o his_o author_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la where_n he_o say_v that_o nature_n do_v but_o collateral_o use_v respiration_n in_o the_o attraction_n of_o odour_n which_o respiration_n say_v he_o she_o destinate_a primary_o to_o another_o end_n if_o therefore_o respiration_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o smell_n than_o it_o follow_v that_o nature_n ordain_v it_o primary_o for_o that_o end_n for_o say_v he_o this_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o nature_n that_o whatsoever_o in_o our_o body_n do_v necessary_o belong_v to_o any_o function_n that_o be_v primary_o appoint_v for_o that_o function_n and_o do_v not_o sort_n unto_o it_o by_o error_n chance_n or_o accident_n see_v therefore_o the_o primary_n and_o chief_a use_n of_o respiration_n be_v to_o refresh_v and_o cherish_v the_o heart_n and_o his_o spirit_n it_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o necessary_a for_o smell_a indeed_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v have_v diverse_a use_n but_o the_o principal_a and_o primary_n use_n be_v but_o one_o for_o which_o only_o it_o be_v necessary_a and_o to_o the_o rest_n accommodate_v only_o secondary_o or_o by_o accident_n again_o if_o a_o odour_n of_o itself_o be_v fit_a to_o ascend_v unto_o his_o own_o organ_n why_o shall_v we_o think_v that_o respiration_n shall_v be_v so_o absolute_o necessary_a now_o a_o odout_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a exhalation_n as_o we_o shall_v prove_v afterward_o and_o exhalation_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n do_v tend_v or_o move_v upward_o if_o then_o they_o ascend_v natural_o why_o may_v it_o not_o be_v that_o a_o sweet_a and_o please_a breath_n may_v rise_v into_o the_o nostril_n and_o pass_v on_o unto_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_v without_o any_o attraction_n of_o the_o air_n placentinus_n add_v another_o argument_n which_o he_o call_v invincible_a take_v from_o those_o woman_n that_o be_v hysterical_a that_o be_v have_v fit_n of_o the_o mother_n for_o such_o woman_n although_o they_o have_v no_o respiration_n at_o all_o do_v yet_o receive_v and_o perceive_v odour_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o smell_n fit_v of_o the_o mother_n be_v holpen_v by_o smell_n be_v almost_o miraculous_o redeem_v or_o recover_v by_o they_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v unto_o the_o womb_n itself_o do_v it_o not_o smell_v yet_o no_o man_n do_v ever_o say_v that_o the_o womb_n do_v respire_v but_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o that_o it_o take_v so_o great_a pleasure_n in_o sweet_a smell_v and_o be_v so_o offend_v savour_n the_o womb_n follow_v sweet_a savour_n with_o that_o which_o be_v noisome_a and_o abominable_a that_o it_o move_v and_o appli_v itself_o manifest_o unto_o the_o one_o and_o avoyd_v the_o other_o even_o with_o local_a and_o methematicall_a motion_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o we_o hold_v our_o breath_n we_o can_v smell_v and_o therefore_o this_o objection_n objection_n sense_n be_v not_o accomplish_v without_o inspiration_n placentinus_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o if_o a_o odour_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o nose_n and_o the_o breath_n retain_v no_o sense_n will_v be_v make_v solution_n solution_n and_o those_o who_o urge_v experience_n be_v deceive_v in_o their_o experiment_n for_o the_o breath_n can_v be_v so_o retain_v that_o nothing_o at_o all_o shall_v either_o get_v in_o or_o out_o if_o then_o any_o thing_n enter_v in_o it_o help_v the_o attraction_n of_o the_o odour_n if_o any_o thing_n get_v out_o it_o hinder_v the_o same_o yea_o it_o repell_v or_o drive_v it_o from_o the_o organ_n and_o that_o the_o breath_n can_v be_v so_o immovable_o retain_v may_v be_v convince_v by_o reason_n and_o experience_n reason_n say_v that_o because_o such_o retention_n of_o the_o breath_n be_v violent_a and_o against_o nature_n nature_n will_v likewise_o with_o all_o his_o force_n and_o vigour_n resist_v and_o oppose_v that_o violence_n and_o beside_o that_o all_o the_o organ_n of_o respiration_n do_v by_o a_o proper_a instinct_n hasten_v to_o their_o natural_a action_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o muscle_n stagger_v as_o it_o be_v in_o their_o work_n of_o sustentation_n and_o the_o lung_n decline_v downward_o by_o their_o weight_n do_v betwixt_o they_o perpetual_o expel_v some_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n which_o be_v a_o subtle_a and_o fluid_n element_n and_o will_v find_v way_n through_o insensible_a passage_n now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o instinct_n in_o the_o muscle_n serve_v to_o respitation_n &_o that_o this_o instinct_n may_v do_v much_o we_o may_v easy_o conjecture_v because_o though_o a_o muscle_n be_v otherwise_o a_o instrument_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n yet_o even_o in_o sleep_n when_o all_o election_n be_v absent_a and_o the_o will_n especial_o unto_o motion_n be_v at_o rest_n as_o well_o as_o the_o body_n yet_o even_o then_o the_o intercostall_a muscle_n and_o the_o midriff_n which_o serve_v for_o respiration_n do_v follow_v the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n and_o move_v as_o free_o as_o when_o we_o be_v awake_a shall_v we_o therefore_o conceive_v that_o upon_o the_o same_o necessity_n or_o a_o great_a when_o we_o ourselves_o do_v voluntary_o seek_v to_o oppose_v and_o frustate_v the_o end_n of_o nature_n she_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a without_o our_o knowledge_n and_o against_o our_o will_n to_o let_v out_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n as_o may_v suffice_v for_o this_o her_o purpose_n of_o air_n i_o say_v which_o be_v so_o subtle_a &_o fluid_a a_o body_n that_o it_o will_v issue_v at_o the_o least_o cranny_n and_o yield_v unto_o the_o least_o impulsion_n or_o violence_n experience_n confirm_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o if_o you_o burn_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v odoriferous_a under_o the_o nose_n and_o retain_v your_o breath_n you_o shall_v find_v nay_o you_o shall_v see_v that_o that_o fume_n will_v be_v move_v on_o this_o side_n and_o on_o that_o side_n which_o no_o doubt_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n which_o pass_v and_o repass_v outward_a and_o inward_a but_o if_o it_o get_v within_o the_o nostril_n than_o it_o be_v present_o smell_v as_o any_o man_n that_o listen_v to_o try_v may_v
perceive_v in_o himself_o indeed_o some_o man_n of_o no_o small_a estimation_n have_v affirm_v that_o we_o can_v smell_v if_o we_o retain_v our_o breath_n but_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v because_o the_o odour_n do_v not_o attain_v unto_o the_o organ_n nay_o it_o do_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o nostril_n for_o therein_o they_o be_v deceive_v they_o think_v they_o can_v hold_v their_o breath_n immooveable_a whereas_o indeed_o the_o natural_a instinct_n drive_v their_o breath_n forth_o do_v also_o drive_v the_o odorable_a object_n from_o the_o organ_n but_o let_v they_o prove_v that_o though_o a_o fume_n do_v of_o it_o own_o accord_n ascend_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nostril_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o perceive_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_v unless_o they_o add_v respiration_n thereto_o and_o then_o i_o will_v yield_v they_o the_o buckler_n you_o will_v demand_v if_o respiration_n be_v not_o necessary_a why_o do_v we_o purposely_o draw_v our_o breath_n when_o we_o will_v smell_v answer_n question_n answer_n the_o answer_n be_v at_o hand_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o object_n may_v soon_o and_o more_o plentiful_o attain_v unto_o the_o organ_n we_o grant_v therefore_o that_o inspiration_n help_v the_o smell_n mâ—ch_o but_o it_o conclusion_n conclusion_n do_v not_o thence_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a again_o to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o life_n inspiration_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a but_o for_o better_a life_n not_o so_o but_o only_o by_o accident_n or_o secondary_o in_o like_a manner_n we_o confess_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_v be_v not_o ordinary_o without_o respiration_n but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v and_o respiration_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o the_o be_v but_o to_o the_o better_a be_v of_o the_o sense_n and_o if_o nature_n have_v prepare_v the_o way_n of_o respiration_n through_o some_o other_o member_n and_o not_o through_o the_o nose_n yet_o undoubted_o the_o nose_n will_v have_v smell_v as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o those_o creature_n which_o do_v not_o respire_v and_o this_o be_v placentinus_n his_o opinion_n qvest._n xlvi_o why_o man_n do_v not_o smell_v so_o well_o as_o many_o other_o creature_n plato_n in_o timaeo_n and_o theophrastus_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o six_o book_n de_fw-fr causis_fw-la plantarum_fw-la together_o with_o many_o other_o who_o have_v write_v of_o this_o subject_n all_o of_o they_o i_o say_v with_o one_o consent_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a be_v more_o dull_a in_o man_n then_o in_o many_o other_o creature_n the_o same_o do_v aristotle_n avouch_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la where_o he_o also_o add_v that_o of_o all_o the_o sense_n this_o sense_n of_o smell_a in_o man_n be_v most_o sluggish_a and_o dull_a which_o also_o he_o confirm_v in_o the_o 92._o text_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la the_o truth_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v very_o evident_a by_o the_o example_n of_o other_o creature_n as_o dog_n man_n what_o creature_n smell_v better_a than_o man_n hog_n crow_n bee_n and_o other_o bird_n and_o beast_n which_o be_v able_a a_o far_o off_o to_o wind_n as_o we_o say_v the_o send_v of_o any_o thing_n but_o man_n be_v constrain_v to_o move_v the_o object_n even_o unto_o the_o nose_n and_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o discern_v or_o perceive_v any_o smell_n but_o those_o that_o be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o alter_v the_o sense_n either_o into_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n add_v hereto_o that_o many_o brute_n beast_n do_v know_v more_o by_o their_o smell_n then_o man_n can_v attain_v to_o by_o all_o his_o sense_n as_o the_o hound_n that_o can_v beast_n smell_v many_o thing_n that_o man_n can_v hunt_v upon_o the_o cold_a foot_n of_o a_o hare_n or_o a_o dear_a yea_o they_o can_v in_o the_o night_n follow_v a_o man_n step_n and_o work_v out_o his_o way_n through_o a_o thousand_o difficulty_n and_o entanglement_n or_o permixtion_n of_o other_o smell_v so_o we_o see_v also_o that_o in_o the_o dark_a a_o dog_n will_v know_v his_o own_o master_n from_o a_o great_a many_o other_o man_n only_o by_o his_o smell_n a_o tiger_n be_v rob_v of_o her_o whelp_n will_v find_v they_o out_o again_o by_o her_o smell_n now_o none_o of_o these_o odour_n can_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_v in_o man_n apprehend_v the_o reason_n hereof_o aristotle_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v refer_v unto_o the_o fault_n not_o of_o the_o faculty_n but_o of_o the_o organ_n for_o this_o organ_n be_v cold_a and_o very_a moist_a but_o the_o object_n hot_a and_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o dry_a now_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o organ_n shall_v potential_o be_v such_o as_o the_o subject_n be_v actual_o so_o that_o when_o sensation_n be_v make_v the_o object_n may_v work_v upon_o the_o instrument_n and_o convert_v it_o into_o his_o nature_n but_o in_o this_o sense_n of_o smell_a such_o conversion_n can_v be_v make_v without_o great_a difficulty_n for_o that_o which_o be_v moist_a do_v hardly_o become_v dry_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o difficulty_n a_o man_n smell_v but_o remissly_a or_o dull_o that_o be_v not_o without_o either_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o object_n must_v be_v very_o vehement_a before_o it_o can_v turn_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o organ_n into_o his_o own_o nature_n that_o be_v make_v it_o hot_a and_o dry_a beside_o this_o proper_a &_o native_a unfitnesse_n of_o the_o organ_n there_o be_v also_o another_o ineptitude_n add_v and_o that_o be_v the_o vicinity_n or_o neighbourhoode_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o be_v in_o man_n much_o reason_n other_o reason_n great_a in_o respect_n of_o his_o magnitude_n then_o in_o other_o creature_n see_v therefore_o the_o brain_n abound_v with_o moisture_n which_o moisture_n be_v also_o impart_v unto_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o that_o instrument_n by_o this_o conjunction_n of_o the_o brain_n become_v more_o unapt_a whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 33._o problem_n of_o the_o ten_o section_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a be_v much_o incommodate_v by_o the_o moist_a superfluity_n of_o the_o brame_n the_o power_n therefore_o of_o smell_a being_n as_o it_o be_v steep_v in_o this_o moisture_n grow_v dull_a and_o sleepy_a which_o in_o that_o which_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a will_v be_v awake_v and_o show_v itself_o and_o therefore_o in_o bruit_n beast_n who_o brain_n be_v not_o either_o so_o moist_a or_o at_o least_o yield_v not_o so_o much_o moisture_n because_o they_o be_v less_o this_o faculty_n or_o sense_n be_v more_o pregnant_a and_o apprehensive_a some_o argument_n be_v nevertheless_o make_v to_o the_o contrary_a for_o thus_o they_o say_v where_o objection_n objection_n the_o form_n be_v more_o excellent_a there_o also_o the_o faculty_n be_v proportionable_o excellent_a now_o we_o know_v that_o the_o form_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v his_o reasonable_a soul_n be_v far_o more_o excellent_a than_o the_o sensative_a form_n of_o a_o bruit_n beast_n wherefore_o the_o faculty_n also_o of_o his_o form_n be_v more_o perfect_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n that_o of_o smell_a we_o answer_v that_o albeit_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n be_v much_o more_o excellent_a and_o divine_a then_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o beast_n yet_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v chain_v in_o the_o prison_n of_o this_o body_n of_o earth_n it_o solution_n solution_n can_v perform_v his_o function_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o corporeal_a organ_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o temperature_n and_o conformation_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v more_o or_o less_o convenient_a so_o be_v the_o function_n more_o perfect_a or_o imperfect_a see_v therefore_o that_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_a by_o which_o as_o by_o a_o hand_n the_o soul_n reach_v odour_n unto_o itself_o be_v as_o we_o say_v in_o man_n somewhat_o to_o moist_a and_o therefore_o unfit_a for_o the_o sudden_a and_o quick_a reception_n of_o odour_n it_o follow_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o fault_n of_o the_o instrument_n the_o faculty_n of_o the_o sould_n be_v as_o it_o be_v abate_v or_o allay_v that_o it_o can_v so_o perfect_o and_o free_o manifest_v itself_o it_o may_v be_v object_v again_o that_o because_o the_o organ_n of_o a_o man_n smell_n be_v cold_a &_o moist_a he_o shall_v smell_v the_o better_o not_o more_o dull_o for_o that_o which_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a as_o odour_n be_v objection_n objection_n do_v work_v more_o powerful_o upon_o that_o which_o be_v the_o cold_a and_o the_o moyst_a true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o odour_n will_v work_v better_o upon_o the_o organ_n but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o can_v so_o easy_o convert_v it_o into_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v in_o a_o great_a solution_n solution_n
of_o nature_n by_o no_o mean_n for_o if_o you_o deceive_v a_o child_n with_o a_o suckle_a bottle_n or_o any_o such_o thing_n like_o the_o nipple_n of_o the_o mother_n breast_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o taste_v that_o which_o be_v therein_o to_o differ_v from_o the_o aliment_n which_o he_o natural_o desire_v he_o will_v present_o cry_v and_o not_o be_v appease_v till_o he_o have_v his_o mother_n breast_n again_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o odour_n and_o some_o difficulty_n coincident_a with_o they_o now_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o difference_n qvest._n li._n of_o the_o difference_n of_o odour_n to_o distinguish_v the_o particular_a kind_n and_o difference_n of_o odour_n &_o to_o give_v their_o proper_a name_n be_v altogether_o impossible_a partly_o because_o the_o sense_n be_v but_o dull_a and_o partly_o because_o of_o our_o own_o ignorance_n which_o the_o best_a philosopher_n have_v nice_a difference_n of_o odour_n very_o nice_a not_o be_v ashamed_a to_o confess_v wherefore_o those_o that_o have_v write_v of_o this_o part_n of_o philosophy_n consider_v how_o imperfect_a our_o sense_n be_v to_o make_v fit_a distinction_n of_o this_o object_n see_v we_o can_v smell_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o do_v vehement_o goad_n and_o affect_v the_o sense_n they_o have_v think_v good_a to_o distinguish_v the_o kind_n of_o odour_n improper_o and_o by_o way_n of_o translation_n by_o the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n and_o taste_n neither_o have_v they_o do_v this_o without_o good_a ground_n for_o between_o sapour_n and_o savour_n as_o in_o the_o name_n so_o in_o the_o nature_n there_o be_v a_o great_a affinity_n analogy_n and_o proportion_n insomuch_o that_o the_o odour_n or_o savour_n depend_v upon_o the_o sapour_fw-la or_o taste_n so_o say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la there_o taste_v therefore_o refer_v to_o taste_v be_v no_o bode_n odoriferous_a which_o have_v not_o also_o a_o strong_a taste_n define_v that_o to_o be_v odoriferous_a or_o able_a to_o move_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_v which_o have_v in_o it_o power_n to_o diffuse_v a_o sapide_a siccity_n &_o a_o while_n after_o he_o say_v if_o therefore_o any_o man_n shall_v esteem_v both_o to_o wit_n air_n and_o water_n moist_a it_o will_v follow_v that_o odour_n will_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o sapide_a siccity_n recide_v in_o moisture_n the_o kind_n therefore_o of_o odour_n which_o fall_v under_o our_o sense_n be_v these_o bite_a sweet_a sour_a tart_a and_o fat._n as_o for_o rot_a smell_n these_o say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v odour_n the_o kind_n of_o odour_n be_v proportionable_a with_o bitter_a taste_n because_o as_o bitter_a thing_n be_v hardly_o swallow_v so_o rot_v or_o stink_a smell_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o the_o sense_n without_o a_o kind_n of_o regret_n and_o loathe_n there_o be_v two_o other_o difference_n of_o odour_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o bruit_n beast_n and_o by_o accident_n do_v move_v pleasure_n or_o pain_n as_o those_o odour_n which_o together_o with_o the_o steam_n do_v arise_v from_o meat_n which_o be_v pleasant_a to_o those_o that_o be_v hungry_a and_o unplesant_a and_o offensive_a to_o such_o as_o be_v satisfy_v the_o other_o kind_n be_v of_o itself_o pleasant_a or_o unpleasant_a as_o the_o smell_n that_o breathe_v from_o flower_n and_o this_o be_v proper_a to_o man_n alone_o for_o they_o do_v not_o provoke_v the_o appetite_n more_o or_o less_o but_o rather_o by_o another_o kind_n of_o satisfaction_n do_v dull_a and_o appease_v it_o yet_o we_o must_v not_o believe_v that_o all_o the_o difference_n of_o taste_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o odour_n for_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o he_o feel_v a_o salt_n smell_v final_o odour_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a natural_a odour_n be_v those_o which_o be_v natural_o in_o the_o body_n artificial_a be_v such_o as_o apothecary_n use_v to_o make_v for_o pleasure_n or_o for_o physic_n of_o the_o commixtion_n of_o many_o spice_n and_o these_o we_o call_v compound_v odour_n the_o other_o simple_a qvest._n lii_o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a of_o smell_a it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v call_v into_o question_n whether_o the_o smell_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la or_o no._n all_o man_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o a_o medium_fw-la be_v require_v partly_o opinion_n the_o philosopher_n opinion_n subscribe_v to_o that_o axiom_n so_o often_o before_o itterate_v by_o us._n that_o the_o object_n immediate_o touch_v the_o instrument_n make_v no_o sensation_n partly_o because_o in_o the_o 97j_fw-la text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la aristotle_n speak_v particular_o of_o the_o smell_n have_v assign_v thereto_o a_o determinate_a medium_fw-la or_o mean_a for_o in_o that_o place_n he_o do_v not_o only_o take_v away_o the_o doubt_n whether_o this_o sense_n be_v make_v by_o a_o medium_fw-la but_o withal_o he_o declare_v by_o what_o medium_fw-la it_o be_v absolve_v and_o perfect_v with_o he_o therefore_o as_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n we_o also_o consent_v for_o odour_n have_v his_o residence_n in_o a_o fumide_a exhalation_n with_o which_o exhalation_n the_o odour_n exhale_v out_o of_o the_o body_n that_o vapour_n can_v accompany_v the_o odour_n unto_o the_o smell_a confirm_a what_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la of_o smell_a organ_n especial_o where_o the_o distance_n be_v any_o thing_n great_a betwixt_o the_o body_n out_o of_o which_o the_o odour_n issue_v and_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n but_o it_o must_v be_v dissipate_v unless_o it_o be_v preserve_v by_o some_o medium_fw-la yet_o even_o that_o medâ—um_fw-la do_v not_o so_o preserve_v it_o but_o by_o degree_n it_o be_v dissipate_v and_o vanish_v away_o we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la but_o what_o this_o medium_fw-la shall_v be_v that_o say_v plancentinus_n i_o be_o not_o resolve_v of_o although_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o all_o philosopher_n with_o one_o consent_n do_v agree_v herein_o with_o aristotle_n who_o say_v this_o medium_fw-la be_v double_a to_o wit_n air_n and_o water_n concern_v the_o air_n it_o be_v without_o controversy_n the_o medium_fw-la of_o smell_a because_o when_o we_o draw_v our_o breath_n we_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o smell_v &_o beside_o the_o odour_n that_o exhale_v approve_v the_o air_n approve_v out_o of_o the_o mix_a body_n be_v not_o diffuse_v into_o all_o dimension_n but_o only_o that_o way_n which_o the_o air_n be_v diffuse_v a_o certain_a sign_n that_o the_o air_n be_v both_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o vehickle_a of_o smell_v concern_v the_o water_n placentinus_n make_v some_o doubt_n although_o arist._n in_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la &_o especial_o in_o the_o 8_o chap._n of_o his_o 4._o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la do_v strive_v earnest_o to_o prove_v that_o to_o fish_n the_o water_n be_v the_o true_a medium_fw-la of_o smell_a his_o foundation_n be_v that_o those_o creature_n which_o live_v in_o the_o water_n do_v smell_v which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o must_v be_v also_o a_o medium_fw-la wherein_o the_o object_n shall_v be_v transport_v that_o medium_fw-la it_o the_o water_n question_v aristotle_n for_o it_o can_v be_v air_n for_o air_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v generate_v in_o water_n do_v exhale_v or_o bubble_v up_o as_o the_o same_o arist._n teach_v in_o the_o 5_o chap._n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sens_n et_fw-fr sensil_n from_o whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o for_o fish_n the_o water_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o true_o the_o consequence_n be_v certain_o and_o undoubted_o good_a if_o the_o foundation_n and_o ground_n where-upon_a he_o raise_v it_o be_v true_a but_o we_o have_v call_v that_o into_o question_n before_o now_o i_o will_v add_v only_o one_o argument_n and_o that_o take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la on_o this_o manner_n all_o odom_n have_v his_o it_o placentinus_n against_o it_o existence_n in_o siccity_n &_o therefore_o require_v also_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v dry_a lest_o the_o object_n shall_v loose_v his_o odour_n for_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la to_o conserve_v the_o object_n but_o water_n be_v moist_a be_v no_o way_n fit_a to_o conserve_v the_o dry_a odour_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o contrariety_n betwixt_o they_o unless_o a_o man_n will_v be_v so_o debase_v as_o to_o say_v that_o one_o contrary_a can_v be_v the_o medium_fw-la unto_o the_o other_o which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v affirm_v that_o contrary_n do_v not_o mutual_o impugn_v but_o cherish_v and_o foster_v one_o another_o see_v therefore_o water_n which_o be_v moist_a must_v needs_o extinguish_v or_o dissolve_v the_o odour_n which_o
be_v dry_a it_o can_v possible_o be_v a_o competent_a medium_fw-la for_o it_o hence_o appear_v the_o invalidity_n of_o aristotle_n foundation_n to_o wit_n that_o fish_n do_v smell_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o the_o air_n only_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la of_o smell_a qvest._n liii_o after_o what_o manner_n a_o odour_n affect_v or_o change_v the_o medium_fw-la it_o be_v a_o great_a controversy_n among_o the_o master_n of_o philosophy_n how_o the_o odorable_a object_n do_v change_v the_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v whether_o that_o alteration_n be_v real_a or_o intentional_a auerhoe_n impugn_v avicen_n say_v it_o be_v do_v intentional_o as_o a_o colour_n be_v make_v of_o that_o which_o be_v colour_v and_o he_o reason_v on_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o odour_n shall_v be_v transport_v through_o the_o air_n together_o with_o a_o body_n then_o will_v there_o be_v a_o penetration_n of_o body_n which_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v and_o absurd_a to_o say_v but_o auerhoes_n be_v deceive_v because_o a_o intentional_a object_n can_v real_o move_v the_o sense_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o smell_v real_o that_o which_o he_o object_v concern_v colour_n we_o have_v dispute_v already_o in_o the_o precedent_a controversy_n add_v hereto_o that_o intentional_a being_n be_v produce_v from_o the_o soul_n and_o do_v depend_v thereon_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v call_v entia_fw-la rationis_fw-la notion_n of_o reason_n by_o this_o concession_n therefore_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o object_n be_v in_o the_o understanding_n before_o it_o be_v in_o the_o sense_n if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o a_o real_a object_n do_v make_v a_o impression_n of_o a_o intentional_a odour_n in_o the_o medium_fw-la do_v not_o auerhoe_n remember_v that_o rule_v axiom_n nihil_fw-la est_fw-la in_o intellectu_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la prius_fw-la fuerit_fw-la in_o sensu_fw-la that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v not_o first_o in_o the_o sense_n and_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n be_v remit_v or_o return_v unto_o the_o sense_n see_v thing_n be_v therefore_o receive_v into_o the_o sense_n that_o they_o may_v attain_v unto_o the_o understanding_n and_o whereas_o auerhoes_n say_v that_o there_o will_v be_v penetration_n of_o body_n if_o the_o odorable_a object_n do_v real_o alter_v the_o medium_fw-la i_o answer_v the_o consequence_n be_v not_o good_a for_o the_o air_n be_v a_o most_o liquid_a element_n do_v easy_o yield_v to_o any_o body_n add_v beside_o that_o afumid_a exhalation_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o air_n may_v be_v carry_v and_o recary_v with_o it_o hither_o and_o thither_o after_o this_o manner_n also_o the_o opinion_n of_o philoponus_n and_o jandunus_fw-la may_v be_v refute_v who_o do_v affirm_v that_o the_o odour_n may_v real_o together_o with_o the_o exhalation_n be_v carry_v refute_v philoponus_n &_o jandunus_fw-la refute_v a_o good_a space_n through_o the_o medium_fw-la marry_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o attayn_v unto_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n be_v alter_v only_o intentional_o by_o the_o odour_n for_o a_o real_a be_v do_v always_o work_v real_o and_o that_o which_o be_v intentional_a depend_v upon_o our_o understanding_n but_o if_o some_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v real_o change_v and_o other_o part_n intentional_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o remote_a distance_n a_o great_a tract_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v real_o affect_v and_o in_o little_a distance_n as_o when_o we_o move_v the_o object_n to_o our_o nose_n but_o a_o little_a aegidius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o odour_n be_v real_o produce_v in_o the_o medium_fw-la as_o be_v the_o sound_n which_o say_v placentinus_n be_v utter_o false_a for_o not_o so_o much_o as_o colour_n which_o be_v simple_o aegidius_n as_o also_o aegidius_n and_o immediate_o make_v out_o of_o the_o mixtion_n of_o the_o first_o quality_n can_v possible_o after_o any_o manner_n be_v receive_v in_o the_o air_n how_o then_o shall_v odour_n which_o be_v a_o second_o quality_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o air_n furthermore_o second_v quality_n can_v mutual_o work_v one_o upon_o another_o for_o one_o white_a can_v produce_v another_o white_a no_o more_o can_v one_o odour_n which_o expire_v or_o breathe_v out_o of_o a_o body_n beget_v another_o odour_n in_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o for_o this_o cause_n we_o also_o most_o disclaim_v ammonius_n and_o boetius_fw-la who_o say_v that_o a_o odour_n may_v pass_v out_o of_o one_o subject_n into_o another_o for_o although_o it_o proceed_v together_o with_o the_o exhalation_n boetius_fw-la with_o ammonius_n &_o boetius_fw-la out_o of_o the_o body_n into_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o change_v his_o subject_n nor_o flit_v into_o another_o but_o the_o air_n be_v make_v vapoury_a sustain_v the_o exhalation_n together_o with_o the_o odour_n conserve_v it_o and_o be_v a_o vehickle_a unto_o it_o yet_o when_o the_o vapour_n be_v dissipate_v the_o odour_n vanish_v together_o therewith_o which_o will_v not_o happen_v if_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o flit_v or_o move_v out_o of_o one_o subject_n into_o another_o we_o therefore_o with_o avicen_n do_v resolve_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v real_o change_v for_o that_o the_o odour_n do_v real_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o mix_a body_n we_o have_v prove_v before_o from_o whence_o redeem_v avicen_n redeem_v it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la to_o wit_n that_o upon_o which_o the_o odoriferous_a exhalation_n do_v immediate_o work_n be_v real_o affect_v again_o odour_n do_v real_o affect_v the_o medium_fw-la be_v real_o affect_v attain_v even_o unto_o the_o brain_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v real_o affect_v those_o therefore_o that_o say_v it_o be_v affect_v intentional_o as_o also_o those_o that_o confess_v some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v affect_v real_o but_o other_o part_n intentional_o have_v sit_v down_o beside_o the_o cushion_n but_o although_o the_o odour_n proceed_v real_o out_o of_o the_o subject_n and_o reach_v real_o unto_o the_o brain_n yet_o no_o man_n must_v conceive_v that_o the_o odour_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a medium_fw-la from_o the_o object_n even_o unto_o the_o organ_n but_o it_o be_v waft_v upon_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o wind_n or_o transport_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n that_o a_o odour_n attayn_v real_o unto_o the_o brain_n may_v brain_n for_o they_o real_o affect_v the_o brain_n be_v prove_v because_o such_o odour_n do_v sometime_o help_v and_o sometime_o hurt_v the_o detriment_n seem_v not_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o odour_n but_o from_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o accompany_v the_o odour_n that_o be_v the_o exhalation_n for_o the_o odour_n be_v a_o quality_n can_v have_v in_o it_o that_o hurtful_a quality_n unless_o you_o will_v grant_v that_o a_o quality_n can_v be_v in_o a_o quality_n neither_o do_v the_o quality_n only_o of_o exhalation_n affect_v the_o brain_n but_o sometime_o some_o seed_n of_o the_o instance_n confirm_a by_o a_o strange_a instance_n very_a substance_n of_o body_n that_o be_v of_o subtle_a part_n be_v transport_v in_o the_o exhalation_n which_o settle_v in_o the_o brain_n bring_v forth_o fearful_a accident_n and_o strange_a effect_n as_o it_o do_v in_o he_o who_o smell_v oft_o upon_o basill_n have_v a_o scorpion_n breed_v in_o his_o brain_n it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a sense_n science_n be_v from_o the_o sense_n we_o shall_v believe_v that_o the_o odour_n be_v real_o perceive_v by_o the_o organ_n for_o confirmation_n whereof_o we_o may_v also_o add_v this_o argument_n because_o all_o knowledge_n or_o science_n have_v his_o original_n from_o the_o sense_n now_o science_n be_v of_o a_o real_a not_o of_o a_o intentional_a be_v how_o then_o shall_v science_n which_o have_v a_o real_a subject_n take_v his_o beginning_n from_o the_o sense_n if_o they_o receive_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o be_v intentional_a it_o be_v therefore_o manifest_a that_o the_o sense_n do_v not_o perceive_v their_o object_n intentional_o but_o real_o and_o by_o consequent_a that_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v also_o real_o affect_v but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v if_o the_o odour_n be_v real_o imprint_v in_o the_o organ_n than_o there_o be_v no_o objection_n objection_n need_n of_o a_o external_a medium_fw-la and_o beside_o that_o axiom_n will_v be_v false_a that_o the_o object_n upon_o the_o sense_n do_v not_o make_v sensation_n we_o grant_v indeed_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la which_o shall_v be_v betwixt_o the_o real_a odour_n and_o organ_n but_o the_o use_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v for_o the_o conservation_n preparation_n and_o solution_n solution_n transportation_n of_o the_o odour_n qvest._n liiii_o what_o be_v the_o true_a and_o principal_a organ_n of_o smell_v where_o aristotle_n be_v confute_v galen_n have_v often_o
that_o which_o be_v gustable_a be_v a_o kind_n of_o tangible_a see_v therefore_o this_o sense_n of_o taste_v have_v so_o many_o more_o condition_n concur_v with_o the_o touch_n then_o the_o other_o sense_n it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o aristotle_n so_o often_o compare_v the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n of_o speech_n confound_v they_o but_o be_v more_o spare_v in_o the_o collation_n of_o the_o touch_n with_o the_o other_o sense_n and_o hence_o we_o may_v shape_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o authority_n for_o instance_n answer_v to_o the_o second_o instance_n he_o do_v not_o say_v simple_o gustabile_fw-la est_fw-la tangibile_fw-la but_o gustabile_fw-la est_fw-la quoddam_fw-la tangibile_fw-la add_v a_o conditional_a particle_n whereby_o he_o will_v intimate_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a vicinity_n or_o neighbourhood_n betwixt_o these_o two_o kind_n of_o object_n yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o they_o do_v so_o differ_v that_o they_o do_v not_o fall_v under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sense_n the_o three_o argument_n be_v weighty_a and_o difficult_a for_o without_o any_o condition_n or_o limitation_n he_o say_v that_o a_o sapor_n be_v perceive_v by_o the_o touch_n and_o that_o the_o touch_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o aliment_n three_o to_o the_o three_o notwithstanding_o we_o answer_v that_o aristotle_n do_v not_o take_v a_o sapor_n as_o it_o be_v a_o quality_n answer_n first_o answer_n proper_o gustable_a but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o gustable_a body_n for_o this_o body_n be_v indeed_o perceyve_v by_o the_o touch_v not_o as_o it_o be_v gustable_a but_o in_o respect_n that_o beside_o the_o sapour_fw-la it_o have_v also_o many_o tangible_a or_o tactile_a quality_n add_v moreover_o that_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o aristotle_n use_v do_v not_o only_o signify_v a_o sapor_n but_o also_o a_o ivice_n and_o humour_n endue_v with_o a_o sapour_fw-la whence_o the_o physician_n call_v those_o meat_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o which_o be_v well-tasted_n but_o which_o yield_v a_o profitable_a and_o alimentarie_a answer_n the_o 2._o answer_n blood_n uâ—to_o the_o body_n again_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o call_v those_o meat_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o yield_v a_o bad_a and_o vicious_a ivice_n and_o that_o disease_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o the_o body_n abound_v with_o â—ull_a and_o victous_a no_o rishment_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o believe_v that_o aristotle_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v because_o so_o oftentimes_o he_o testify_v that_o sapor_n have_v his_o residence_n or_o be_v in_o humidity_n or_o that_o which_o be_v humid_a and_o moist_a i_o may_v also_o say_v that_o aristotle_n speak_v in_o that_o place_n of_o that_o sapour_fw-la which_o nourish_v now_o a_o sapour_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o gustable_a quality_n do_v not_o nourish_v because_o that_o which_o be_v incorporeal_a answer_n three_o answer_n can_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o body_n but_o that_o which_o nourish_v must_v of_o necessity_n be_v convert_v into_o the_o body_n that_o be_v nourish_v it_o be_v therefore_o no_o question_n but_o that_o when_o aristotle_n speak_v of_o a_o sopor_fw-la he_o mean_v it_o de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la sapido_fw-la that_o be_v of_o a_o body_n which_o be_v not_o without_o sapour_n or_o taste_n and_o indeed_o a_o sapid_a body_n may_v nourish_v so_o say_v avicen_n that_o which_o avicen_n avicen_n have_v a_o good_a taste_n do_v also_o nourish_v not_o that_o the_o sapor_n or_o taste_n do_v nourish_v but_o the_o substance_n wherein_o the_o sapor_n do_v consist_v on_o this_o manner_n also_o be_v aristotle_n to_o be_v expound_v where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o touch_n four_o to_o the_o four_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o aliment_n for_o he_o do_v not_o mean_a that_o it_o fall_v under_o the_o touch_n and_o under_o the_o taste_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o in_o the_o same_o respect_n but_o under_o the_o touch_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o tactile_a quality_n under_o the_o taste_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o sapor_n it_o be_v as_o much_o therefore_o as_o if_o he_o say_v because_o the_o aliment_n as_o it_o be_v a_o body_n can_v be_v find_v without_o tactile_a quality_n the_o touch_v indeed_o perceive_v these_o quality_n but_o it_o perceyve_v not_o the_o sapor_n as_o it_o be_v a_o sapour_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o the_o 63_o text_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la after_o he_o have_v say_v that_o the_o touch_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o aliment_n he_o explain_v himself_o after_o this_o manner_n but_o the_o aliment_n be_v a_o body_n which_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o touch._n see_v therefore_o the_o aliment_n be_v a_o body_n it_o must_v have_v both_o tactile_a and_o gustale_a quality_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v true_o call_v the_o object_n both_o of_o the_o taste_n and_o of_o the_o touch_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o object_n of_o neither_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v a_o aliment_n but_o of_o the_o touch_n as_o it_o be_v moist_a and_o dry_a hard_a and_o soft_a of_o the_o taste_n as_o it_o be_v sweet_a bitter_a salt_n and_o the_o like_a as_o for_o the_o reason_n which_o they_o allege_v out_o of_o aristotle_n i_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v of_o no_o weight_n because_o aristotle_n have_v no_o such_o intention_n yet_o we_o may_v grant_v that_o moisture_n be_v perceive_v by_o the_o fifte_n to_o the_o fifte_n taste_v not_o as_o it_o be_v moisture_n but_o as_o it_o be_v sapid_a and_o that_o insapide_a moisture_n or_o moisture_n without_o taste_n may_v be_v discern_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v that_o i_o utter_o deny_v concern_v the_o necessity_n that_o which_o they_o urge_v be_v mere_o frivolous_a for_o aristotle_n suppon_v that_o the_o touch_n be_v simple_o necessary_a so_o that_o the_o creature_n without_o it_o can_v subsist_v sixt._n to_o the_o sixt._n but_o the_o taste_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o touch_n because_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v yet_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o taste_v also_o be_v necessary_a secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la as_o we_o say_v in_o school_n that_o be_v not_o of_o itself_o but_o because_o the_o creature_n want_v nourishment_n it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o either_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch_n shall_v be_v both_o one_o or_o else_o that_o a_o imputation_n shall_v be_v cast_v upon_o aristotle_n for_o contradict_v himself_o it_o may_v be_v also_o object_v that_o because_o both_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch_n be_v both_o in_o one_o &_o objection_n objection_n the_o same_o tongue_n that_o therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o sense_n but_o the_o consequence_n be_v not_o good_a for_o there_o be_v no_o organ_n of_o sense_n which_o beside_o his_o proper_a faculty_n of_o solution_n solution_n sensation_n be_v not_o also_o furnish_v with_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v but_o because_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v be_v not_o always_o find_v where_o touch_v be_v and_o where_o it_o be_v find_v there_o be_v no_o other_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n i_o conclude_v that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o other_o sense_n but_o the_o taste_n also_o be_v a_o distinct_a and_o different_a sense_n from_o the_o touch._n qvest._n lvii_o of_o the_o object_n of_o taste_v the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la be_v not_o only_o more_o evident_a and_o manifest_a unto_o we_o then_o the_o odour_n why_o the_o object_n of_o taste_n be_v more_o evident_a than_o other_o sense_n and_o why_o be_v but_o also_o then_o all_o other_o sensible_a object_n the_o reason_n we_o may_v give_v out_o of_o the_o same_o place_n of_o aristotle_n because_o the_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v which_o sense_n in_o a_o man_n be_v more_o perfect_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n now_o the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v that_o which_o be_v gustabile_fw-la or_o gustile_a which_o wordesignifi_v two_o thing_n to_o wit_n a_o sapour_fw-la or_o quality_n and_o affection_n seat_v in_o a_o sapide_a body_n and_o the_o body_n itself_o wherein_o the_o sapour_fw-la be_v but_o the_o sapour_fw-la be_v the_o proper_a and_o adequated_a or_o proportionable_a gustabile_fw-la 2._o signification_n of_o gustabile_fw-la object_n of_o the_o taste_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n appropriate_v the_o word_n gustabile_fw-la to_o a_o sapour_fw-la as_o say_v he_o visible_a est_fw-la colour_n sic_fw-la gustabile_fw-la est_fw-la sapour_fw-la as_o that_o which_o be_v visible_a be_v a_o colour_n so_o that_o which_o be_v gustile_a be_v a_o sapour_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o a_o gustable_a body_n be_v no_o way_n gustile_a or_o to_o be_v taste_v but_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o sapour_fw-la yet_o he_o oftentimes_o put_v gustabile_fw-la for_o sapor_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o a_o sapour_fw-la have_v no_o existence_n of_o itself_o neither_o can_v it_o move_v the_o
sense_n but_o have_v all_o his_o be_v and_o essence_n in_o the_o mix_a body_n that_o therefore_o which_o he_o call_v gustabile_fw-la be_v a_o mix_a body_n which_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o quality_n which_o be_v call_v a_o sapour_fw-la be_v gustile_a or_o may_v be_v taste_v not_o but_o that_o a_o sapour_fw-la do_v by_o itself_o move_v the_o sense_n but_o because_o it_o can_v subsist_v without_o the_o mix_a body_n for_o consider_v even_o without_o the_o mix_a body_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o object_n of_o taste_n because_o it_o be_v it_o alone_o in_o the_o mix_a body_n which_o move_v that_o sense_n qvest._n lviii_o of_o the_o matter_n of_o sapour_n a_o sapour_fw-la be_v a_o quality_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o first_o quality_n which_o alone_o by_o itself_o be_v able_a to_o move_v the_o taste_n now_o the_o first_o quality_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o quality_n what_o a_o sapour_fw-la be_v 2._o kind_n of_o first_o quality_n active_a as_o heat_n and_o cold_a other_o passive_a as_o moisture_n and_o drought_n out_o of_o the_o active_a quality_n the_o sapour_fw-la have_v his_o efficient_a cause_n to_o wit_n heat_n out_o of_o the_o passive_a his_o material_a cause_n to_o wit_n moisture_n but_o least_o any_o man_n shall_v wonder_v why_o we_o make_v moisture_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o incorporeal_a quality_n to_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o sapour_n we_o answer_v that_o we_o understand_v humidity_n not_o in_o the_o abstract_n but_o in_o the_o concrete_a so_o that_o haply_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o say_v humidum_fw-la then_o humiditas_fw-la for_o to_o say_v truth_n a_o sapour_fw-la be_v not_o make_v only_o of_o humidity_n but_o of_o humidity_n join_v with_o siccity_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o humidity_n be_v predominant_a wherefore_o aristotle_n say_v that_o a_o sapour_fw-la dwell_v in_o that_o which_o be_v moist_a as_o a_o odour_n humidity_n sapour_n be_v not_o make_v of_o simple_a humidity_n do_v in_o that_o which_o be_v dry_a yet_o he_o do_v not_o name_n humidity_n alone_o nor_o simple_a siccity_n but_o both_o conjoin_a and_o therefore_o he_o rather_o express_v himself_o by_o humidum_fw-la and_o siccum_fw-la then_o by_o hamiditas_fw-la and_o siccitas_fw-la so_o that_o in_o the_o one_o the_o moisture_n prevail_v over_o siccity_n in_o the_o other_o the_o siccity_n over_o moisture_n for_o thus_o much_o do_v aristotle_n intimate_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o universal_a nature_n of_o sapour_fw-la be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o passion_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v make_v by_o that_o which_o be_v earthy_a dry_a in_o that_o which_o be_v moist_a wherefore_o humidity_n be_v predominant_a in_o a_o earthy_a siccity_n be_v proper_o the_o matter_n of_o sapour_n it_o may_v be_v object_v if_o in_o sapour_n the_o humidity_n must_v prevail_v over_o the_o siccity_n than_o objection_n 1._o objection_n those_o body_n wherein_o the_o siccity_n prevail_v over_o the_o humidity_n shall_v be_v insipid_a and_o without_o taste_n now_o there_o be_v many_o in_o which_o the_o siccity_n be_v predominant_a as_o ash_n pepper_n ginger_n and_o such_o like_a which_o yet_o notwithstanding_o have_v a_o very_a sharp_a and_o quick_a taste_n add_v moreover_o that_o if_o that_o be_v true_a than_o sapour_n shall_v not_o proper_o belong_v unto_o aliment_n objection_n 2._o objection_n for_o aristotle_n say_v in_o the_o 28._o text_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la that_o hunger_n be_v a_o appetite_n of_o that_o which_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a a_o aliment_n therefore_o be_v not_o moist_a but_o hot_a and_o dry_a because_o it_o appease_v hunger_n see_v therefore_o all_o man_n confess_v that_o sapour_n do_v proper_o belong_v to_o aliment_n it_o shall_v seem_v also_o that_o sapour_n have_v their_o residence_n not_o in_o moystur_v but_o in_o siccity_n we_o answer_v that_o a_o actual_a sapour_fw-la that_o be_v such_o a_o sapour_fw-la which_o be_v instant_o fit_v to_o move_v the_o taste_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o moisture_n that_o which_o they_o object_n of_o pepper_n ash_n and_o such_o like_a we_o answer_v on_o this_o manner_n we_o grant_v that_o of_o themselves_o they_o be_v insipid_a and_o have_v no_o sapour_fw-la but_o that_o which_o be_v potential_a for_o they_o do_v not_o taste_v till_o they_o be_v chew_v and_o that_o be_v by_o accident_n when_o as_o that_o humour_n which_o perpetual_o remain_v in_o the_o mouth_n and_o the_o tongue_n provoke_v or_o produce_v their_o potential_a virtue_n into_o act_n but_o because_o siccity_n be_v in_o they_o predominant_a therefore_o they_o yield_v a_o sharp_a and_o quick_a taste_n that_o which_o they_o add_v concern_v aliment_n be_v easy_o answer_v for_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o aliment_n one_o which_o satisfi_v hunger_n another_o which_o satisfi_v thirst_n that_o which_o satisfi_v aliment_n solution_n 2._o 2._o kind_n of_o aliment_n thirst_n be_v exceed_o moist_a and_o in_o respect_n of_o it_o that_o which_o satisfi_v hunger_n may_v be_v call_v dry_a although_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o it_o shall_v simple_o be_v dry_a yea_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v have_v so_o much_o moisture_n as_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v do_v require_v otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o satisfy_v hunger_n final_o wahtsoever_o move_v the_o taste_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v a_o inward_a moisture_n wherein_o it_o be_v steep_v although_o it_o have_v no_o outward_a the_o reason_n be_v that_o it_o may_v melt_v and_o diffuse_v itself_o through_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n for_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v hard_a and_o can_v be_v dissolve_v can_v move_v the_o sense_n of_o taste_v as_o we_o may_v conceive_v by_o a_o rough_a and_o torrified_a tongue_n such_o as_o we_o see_v be_v chap_v and_o black_a in_o violent_a ague_n which_o can_v make_v any_o certain_a estimation_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n qvest._n lix_n of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o sapour_n of_o the_o passive_a quality_n therefore_o moisture_n prevail_a over_o siccity_n be_v the_o matter_n sapor_n heat_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o sapor_n of_o sapour_n of_o the_o active_a quality_n they_o have_v heat_n for_o their_o efficient_a cause_n for_o as_o the_o simple_a and_o pure_a element_n be_v of_o themselves_o without_o sapour_fw-la or_o odor_n so_o also_o in_o the_o mix_a body_n no_o such_o thing_n will_v result_v out_o of_o they_o if_o every_o element_n shall_v reserve_v his_o own_o quality_n to_o himself_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v need_n of_o heat_n to_o draw_v out_o the_o sapour_n out_o of_o the_o concoction_n of_o the_o humidity_n and_o siccity_n by_o which_o concoction_n these_o two_o be_v fit_o mix_v one_o with_o the_o other_o neither_o be_v it_o reason_n that_o be_v how_o that_o be_v cold_n can_v be_v any_o man_n shall_v substitute_v cold_a to_o this_o office_n for_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o that_o fruit_n when_o they_o be_v freeze_v as_o apple_n do_v utter_o loose_v their_o taste_n yea_o although_o they_o be_v thaw_v taste_n why_o freeze_a fruit_n loose_v their_o taste_n and_o resume_v their_o former_a heat_n yet_o their_o taste_n do_v not_o return_v so_o that_o cold_a be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o taste_n that_o rather_o it_o do_v utter_o destroy_v they_o add_v hereto_o that_o no_o fruit_n attain_v his_o native_a taste_n till_o it_o grow_v ripe_a now_o this_o ripen_n be_v make_v by_o heat_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o heat_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o concoct_v humidity_n and_o accomplish_v perfect_a mixtion_n be_v the_o true_a and_o only_o efficient_a cause_n of_o sapour_n qvest._n lx._n of_o the_o number_n and_o order_n of_o sapour_n aristotle_n in_o the_o 4._o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la go_v about_o to_o recite_v the_o diverse_a kind_n of_o taste_n compare_v they_o with_o colour_n not_o because_o there_o be_v any_o great_a affinty_n betwixt_o they_o but_o because_o there_o be_v just_a as_o many_o of_o the_o one_o kind_n as_o of_o the_o other_o and_o he_o conclude_v they_o both_o under_o the_o number_n of_o seven_o some_o say_v there_o be_v eight_o kind_n of_o sapour_n and_o pliny_n in_o the_o 21._o chapter_n sapour_n how_o many_o kind_n of_o sapour_n of_o his_o 15._o book_n reckon_v up_o thirteen_o we_o with_o aristotle_n will_v rather_o reduce_v they_o unto_o the_o number_n of_o seven_o because_o as_o there_o may_v be_v and_o indeed_o there_o be_v infinite_a variety_n of_o mixtion_n so_o we_o shall_v draw_v out_o of_o they_o infinite_a difference_n of_o sapour_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a mixture_n as_o many_o as_o of_o mixture_n accurate_o to_o number_v they_o for_o nothing_o be_v so_o sure_a as_o that_o the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o mixtion_n for_o example_n out_o of_o that_o wherein_o heat_n and_o moisture_n be_v
for_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o membarne_v the_o extremity_n thereof_o reach_v unto_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n to_o defer_v and_o confer_v the_o faculty_n thereunto_o answer_n objection_n answer_n but_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o if_o this_o coat_n or_o membrane_n be_v ill_o affect_v the_o taste_n be_v therewithal_o deprave_a we_o yield_v it_o to_o be_v true_a yet_o not_o because_o the_o taste_n be_v perfect_v in_o that_o part_n but_o because_o this_o membrane_n concur_v to_o the_o action_n of_o sensation_n without_o which_o in_o deed_n we_o can_v taste_v so_o in_o the_o eye_n if_o the_o horny_a membrane_n be_v violate_v the_o sight_n be_v then_o deprave_a and_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o horny_a membrane_n be_v the_o chief_a organ_n of_o sight_n and_o thus_o we_o must_v understand_v galen_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o 4._o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la expound_v galen_n expound_v affectis_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o taste_n be_v vitiate_a if_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v distemper_v or_o we_o may_v say_v that_o this_o membrane_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o taster_n to_o the_o taste_n which_o office_n it_o have_v partly_o from_o his_o own_o proper_a temperament_n partly_o from_o the_o soft_a nerve_n which_o be_v insert_v thereinto_o unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o these_o nerve_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o membrane_n by_o nature_n to_o give_v it_o a_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o touch_v whereof_o the_o tongue_n stand_v in_o need_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o substance_n which_o assertion_n will_v not_o be_v against_o reason_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n have_v a_o exact_a sense_n of_o touch_v nor_o altogether_o devoyde_a of_o taste_v not_o that_o it_o taste_v at_o all_o of_o itself_o but_o be_v conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n contiguous_a yea_o continual_a and_o grow_a to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n it_o concur_v withal_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o action_n so_o as_o without_o it_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v can_v be_v perfect_v nor_o accomplish_v notwithstanding_o we_o find_v another_o principal_a part_n to_o which_o as_o this_o membrane_n so_o all_o the_o other_o adjacent_a part_n be_v substitute_v by_o nature_n as_o helper_n and_o handmaid_n and_o that_o be_v the_o proper_a and_o spungy_a flesh_n or_o pulp_n of_o the_o tongue_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o have_v a_o substance_n such_o as_o you_o can_v no_o where_n find_v the_o like_a in_o the_o whole_a body_n the_o temperament_n also_o thereof_o organ_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v the_o true_a organ_n be_v apt_a and_o to_o entertain_v and_o receive_v sapour_n for_o it_o be_v moist_a and_o hot_a near_o of_o kin_n unto_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o sapour_fw-la that_o it_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v alter_v thereby_o and_o indeed_o for_o the_o make_n of_o this_o sensation_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o organ_n shall_v put_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o argument_n argument_n the_o object_n which_o aristotle_n mean_v when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o organ_n must_v potential_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n which_o the_o object_n be_v actual_o that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v alter_v &_o actual_o receive_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o object_n for_o how_o shall_v it_o judge_v of_o the_o object_n unless_o it_o do_v put_v on_o the_o quality_n thereof_o add_v hereto_o that_o it_o have_v a_o ingenite_fw-la humidity_n that_o those_o object_n which_o be_v potential_o moist_a as_o salt_n be_v be_v by_o this_o organ_n actual_o make_v moist_a may_v become_v sapide_v that_o free_o and_o frank_o exhibit_v his_o sapour_n again_o what_o great_a argument_n can_v there_o be_v that_o this_o flesh_n shall_v be_v the_o organ_n of_o taste_v then_o because_o it_o be_v spungy_a for_o taste_n be_v never_o make_v unless_o the_o moisture_n that_o carry_v the_o sapour_fw-la be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_v to_o which_o purpose_v nothing_o be_v so_o fit_a as_o the_o spungy_a pulp_n of_o the_o tongue_n moreover_o all_o the_o other_o sense_n be_v double_a and_o therefore_o nature_n though_o she_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o make_v the_o tongue_n single_a for_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o voice_n and_o such_o other_o circumstance_n as_o we_o have_v particularise_v in_o our_o history_n yet_o that_o it_o may_v be_v after_o a_o sort_n double_a she_o have_v draw_v a_o line_n through_o the_o midst_n whereby_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o a_o right_a side_n and_o a_o left_a on_o that_o manner_n there_o be_v no_o part_n in_o the_o mouth_n divide_v but_o in_o the_o mouth_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o taste_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v belong_v only_o to_o the_o tongue_n qvest._n lxiii_o whether_o the_o tongue_n alone_o do_v taste_n we_o hauce_n prove_v that_o the_o flesh_n or_o pulp_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v the_o true_a instrument_n of_o taste_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o this_o action_n belong_v only_o to_o this_o part_n or_o may_v also_o be_v communicate_v unto_o other_o that_o it_o may_v be_v communicate_v to_o other_o part_n some_o argument_n be_v urge_v first_o communicate_v that_o it_o may_v be_v communicate_v the_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v but_o touch_v be_v diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o body_n it_o may_v seem_v therefore_o that_o the_o taste_n be_v also_o diffuse_v through_o more_o part_n than_o one_o especial_o so_o far_o as_o the_o meat_n do_v attain_v that_o be_v into_o the_o mouth_n the_o gullet_n and_o stomach_n again_o there_o yssu_v out_o of_o the_o brain_n a_o soft_a nerve_n which_o be_v simple_a and_o single_a in_o his_o original_n but_o when_o it_o have_v pace_v a_o little_a forward_a from_o the_o skull_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o tongue_n the_o other_o into_o the_o low_a part_n three_o we_o see_v that_o the_o stomach_n do_v reject_v and_o cast_v up_o some_o meat_n by_o vomit_n other_o it_o embrace_v and_o contain_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o gullet_n swallow_v some_o meat_n well_o and_o free_o other_o not_o without_o loathe_v and_o much_o difficulty_n yea_o some_o meat_n because_o of_o the_o enmity_n betwixt_o the_o stomach_n and_o their_o taste_n even_o after_o they_o be_v down_o be_v cast_v up_o again_o it_o may_v therefore_o be_v demand_v how_o this_o choice_n can_v be_v make_v this_o loathe_n or_o like_v stir_v up_o unless_o we_o say_v that_o the_o stomach_n and_o the_o gullet_n do_v taste_n and_o distinguish_v the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n add_v hereto_o the_o authority_n of_o aristotle_n who_o in_o the_o 11_o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n departibus_fw-la animalium_fw-la say_v that_o fish_n in_o their_o swallow_a do_v take_v pleasure_n and_o have_v a_o sense_n of_o the_o meat_n that_o pass_v into_o their_o maw_n without_o doubt_v these_o argument_n be_v not_o to_o be_v contemn_v and_o yet_o we_o will_v make_v answer_n unto_o they_o to_o the_o first_o we_o say_v that_o though_o the_o taste_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a first_o answer_v to_o the_o first_o that_o it_o shall_v in_o all_o condition_n answer_v or_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o touch._n to_o the_o second_o that_o although_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o tongue_n do_v transmit_v second_o to_o the_o second_o another_o branch_n to_o the_o gullet_n and_o the_o stomach_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o gullet_n and_o the_o stomach_n must_v taste_v for_o the_o soft_a nerve_n do_v transport_v the_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n yet_o that_o the_o eye_n see_v colour_n the_o ear_n hear_v sound_n the_o nose_n perceive_v odour_n or_o savour_n be_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o nerve_n but_o because_o of_o the_o disposition_n and_o temperament_n of_o organ_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o sense_n depend_v on_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o organ_n the_o organ_n for_o the_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n be_v every_o where_o one_o and_o the_o same_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n in_o the_o faculty_n whereby_o we_o hear_v nor_o in_o the_o faculty_n whereby_o we_o smell_v from_o the_o faculty_n whereby_o we_o taste_v but_o all_o the_o difference_n arise_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o organ_n the_o foot_n will_v see_v and_o the_o elbow_n will_v hear_v and_o the_o side_n will_v smell_v and_o the_o crown_n will_v taste_v if_o in_o these_o part_n there_o be_v a_o disposition_n to_o receive_v the_o object_n of_o these_o sense_n in_o like_a manner_n although_o the_o gullet_n and_o the_o stomach_n do_v receive_v a_o soft_a nerve_n yet_o the_o gullet_n and_o the_o stomach_n do_v not_o taste_v because_o they_o be_v not_o dispose_v thereto_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o nature_n have_v give_v they_o this_o soft_a nerve_n we_o may_v find_v in_o galens_n 2_o chapter_n of_o his_o 16._o book_n
already_o declare_v do_v sufficient_o witness_v but_o as_o hypocrates_n erasistratus_n when_o he_o be_v wise_a herophilus_n galen_n and_o most_o anatomist_n do_v agree_v from_o the_o brain_n from_o which_o also_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n draw_v his_o original_n from_o the_o brain_n i_o say_v which_o be_v manifest_v as_o well_o by_o sense_n in_o the_o dissection_n thereof_o where_o we_o see_v many_o river_n of_o nerve_n in_o the_o brain_n to_o which_o those_o of_o the_o body_n be_v continuate_v as_o also_o because_o their_o substance_n be_v marrowy_a alike_o and_o clothe_v each_o of_o they_o with_o two_o membrane_n moreover_o the_o affect_n or_o disease_n of_o the_o head_n do_v manifest_o prove_v that_o all_o sense_n and_o motion_n do_v flow_v from_o the_o brain_n so_o in_o the_o apoplexy_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o obstruction_n of_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o animal_n faculty_n be_v instant_o intercept_v albeit_o the_o heart_n be_v altogether_o indemnify_v so_o in_o the_o epilepsy_n or_o fall_v sickness_n where_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n from_o whence_o the_o nerve_n do_v issue_n be_v affect_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v draw_v into_o convulsion_n which_o be_v nothing_o so_o when_o the_o heart_n be_v affect_v but_o we_o say_v before_o that_o a_o beginning_n be_v double_a one_o of_o generation_n another_o of_o dispensation_n double_a a_o original_n double_a in_o respect_n of_o their_o generation_n their_o beginning_n be_v seed_n of_o which_o as_o of_o their_o immediate_a matter_n they_o be_v frame_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o dispensation_n their_o beginning_n be_v in_o the_o brain_n together_o i_o mean_v with_o the_o after-brayne_n which_o be_v the_o original_a à _fw-fr quo_fw-la from_o which_o those_o pipe_n if_o so_o you_o listen_v to_o call_v they_o which_o receive_v sense_n and_o motion_n be_v distribute_v into_o the_o body_n as_o the_o part_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o or_o both_o again_o the_o nerve_n be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o proceed_n from_o the_o brain_n nerve_n the_o difference_n of_o nerve_n some_o from_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o of_o these_o again_o some_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n that_o be_v be_v yet_o contain_v in_o the_o scull_n other_o in_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n which_o be_v in_o the_o rackbone_n of_o the_o chine_n again_o of_o these_o some_o belong_v to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o neck_n some_o of_o the_o chest_n some_o of_o the_o loin_n and_o some_o of_o the_o os_fw-la sacrum_fw-la or_o holybone_n to_o which_o also_o we_o may_v adjoine_v the_o nerve_n of_o the_o joint_n bauhine_v in_o this_o place_n interpose_v his_o own_o opinion_n which_o be_v that_o all_o nerve_n do_v issue_n he_o bauhine_v opinion_n of_o the_o original_n of_o nerve_n 8._o several_a opinion_n quote_v by_o he_o from_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n oblongate_v or_o lengthen_v out_o some_o while_o it_o remain_v yet_o in_o the_o scull_n and_o some_o after_o but_o withal_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o diverse_a opinion_n both_o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o late_a writer_n concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n which_o discourse_n of_o his_o we_o will_v here_o transcribe_v but_o contract_n it_o as_o brief_o as_o we_o can_v he_o reckon_v therefore_o eight_o opinion_n for_o the_o nine_o we_o think_v not_o worthy_a to_o be_v remember_v the_o first_o be_v of_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la ossium_fw-la in_o the_o very_a beginning_n where_o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n he_o say_v that_o the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n be_v from_o the_o noll_n unto_o the_o spine_n the_o hip_n the_o share_n the_o thigh_n the_o arm_n the_o leg_n and_o the_o foot_n the_o second_o be_v aristotle_n who_o in_o many_o place_n deliver_v that_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o heart_n because_o in_o it_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o nerve_n for_o which_o he_o mistake_v the_o fibre_n and_o because_o aristotle_n aristotle_n from_o thence_o motion_n do_v arise_v and_o under_o his_o ensign_n alexander_n avicen_n and_o the_o whole_a school_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n do_v merit_n or_o band_n themselves_o this_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n auerhoe_n and_o aponensis_n with_o some_o other_o do_v maintain_v indeed_o but_o with_o a_o distinction_n affirm_v that_o they_o issue_n from_o the_o hart_n mediante_fw-la cerebro_fw-la by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o brain_n or_o that_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o heart_n and_o be_v multiply_v and_o propagate_v in_o the_o brain_n the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o praxagoras_n who_o think_v that_o the_o nerve_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o praxagoras_n praxagoras_n extenuate_v artery_n the_o four_o of_o erasistratus_n who_o think_v they_o yssue_v from_o the_o dura_n meninx_n but_o in_o his_o erasistratus_n erasistratus_n age_n he_o change_v his_o mind_n as_o galen_n witness_v of_o he_o the_o five_o be_v galens_n who_o determine_v that_o the_o nerve_n and_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n do_v proceed_v galen_n galen_n from_o the_o brain_n the_o sixth_o be_v that_o of_o vesalius_n who_o say_v that_o some_o nerve_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o scull_n other_o vessalius_n vessalius_n out_o of_o the_o rack_n of_o the_o spine_n those_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o scull_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o brain_n or_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n before_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o spondelle_n the_o rest_n from_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n remain_v within_o the_o rackebone_n the_o seven_o be_v falopius_n his_o opinion_n in_o his_o observation_n where_o he_o say_v that_o some_o falopius_fw-la falopius_fw-la nerve_n as_o those_o that_o be_v soft_a do_v arise_v from_o the_o brain_n or_o the_o marrow_n within_o the_o skull_n other_o from_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n the_o eight_o be_v varolius_n opinion_n who_o say_v that_o all_o nerve_n do_v take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o after-brayne_n and_o with_o varolius_fw-la varolius_fw-la he_o do_v platerus_n archangelus_n and_o laurentius_n upon_o the_o matter_n consent_n as_o also_o do_v bauhine_v as_o you_o have_v hear_v before_o the_o nerve_n therefore_o which_o issue_n from_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n contain_v yet_o within_o the_o scull_n be_v common_o account_v 7_o pair_n according_a to_o galen_n some_o make_v nine_o coniugation_n which_o be_v call_v nerui_fw-la cerebri_fw-la the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o may_v be_v express_v in_o this_o distich_n optica_fw-la prima_fw-la oculos_fw-la movit_fw-la altera_fw-la tertia_fw-la gustat_fw-la quartaque_fw-la quinta_fw-la audit_n vaga_fw-la sexta_fw-la septima_fw-la linguae_fw-la est_fw-la the_o optic_n first_o eye_n mover_v next_o the_o three_o and_o four_o do_v taste_n the_o five_o do_v hear_v the_o sixth_o do_v gad_n the_o tongue_n claim_v seven_o and_o last_o to_o which_o also_o we_o may_v add_v the_o organ_n of_o smell_a other_o nerve_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o same_o marrow_n after_o it_o be_v fall_v through_o the_o great_a hole_n of_o the_o nowle-bone_n and_o run_v through_o the_o hole_n bore_v in_o the_o rackebone_n of_o the_o spin_v where_o it_o be_v proper_o call_v spinalis_fw-la medulla_n the_o spinal_a marrow_n and_o these_o be_v thirty_o pair_n or_o coniugation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v seven_o of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o chest_n or_o back_n twelve_o five_o of_o marrow_n 30._o pair_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n the_o loin_n and_o six_o of_o the_o holybone_n from_o which_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o joint_n do_v arise_v for_o the_o hand_n receive_v sometime_o five_o some_o six_o propagation_n from_o the_o five_o sixth_o and_o seven_o pair_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o from_o the_o first_o and_o second_o pair_n of_o the_o chest_n the_o foot_n receive_v four_o nerve_n from_o the_o three_o low_a pair_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o from_o the_o four_o sometime_o the_o five_o uppermost_a of_o the_o 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sight_n of_o both_o eye_n may_v be_v unite_v into_o one_o but_o i_o do_v not_o think_v say_v archangelus_n that_o nature_n have_v any_o such_o scope_n in_o her_o first_o intention_n the_o five_o and_o last_o reason_n give_v of_o the_o unition_n be_v the_o most_o probable_a and_o that_o be_v that_o these_o soft_a nerve_n may_v not_o be_v put_v to_o distress_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o passage_n whereto_o say_v the_o truth_n they_o be_v in_o most_o danger_n as_o well_o because_o of_o their_o notable_a cavity_n as_o also_o because_o of_o archangelus_n archangelus_n their_o softness_n for_o they_o walk_v through_o the_o moist_a part_n of_o the_o brain_n that_o be_v the_o low_a and_o the_o faculty_n of_o see_v require_v such_o a_o cavity_n and_o such_o a_o softness_n thus_o far_o archangelus_n they_o be_v call_v optic_a nerve_n that_o be_v visive_a from_o their_o action_n because_o they_o communicate_v optic_n the_o name_n of_o the_o optic_n the_o visive_a faculty_n or_o the_o 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perforation_n falopius_fw-la in_o his_o observation_n the_o opticke_n be_v not_o manifest_o perforate_v columbus_n no_o poor_a or_o hole_n may_v be_v see_v in_o they_o neither_o in_o a_o ox_n nor_o any_o great_a creature_n laurentius_n i_o never_o observe_v any_o conspicuous_a cavity_n volcher_n the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v not_o make_v of_o a_o solid_a and_o perforated_a body_n but_o of_o many_o nervous_a fibre_n bind_v and_o unite_v by_o membrane_n thus_o you_o see_v that_o the_o stream_n of_o anatomist_n run_v direct_o against_o this_o opinion_n of_o galen_n and_o they_o render_v a_o reason_n for_o say_v they_o their_o substance_n be_v rare_a and_o soft_a the_o spirit_n may_v easy_o pass_v through_o they_o unto_o the_o eye_n yea_o all_o the_o sinew_n although_o they_o have_v no_o visible_a hole_n yet_o be_v they_o full_a of_o spirit_n for_o the_o sense_n be_v hinder_v both_o by_o compression_n and_o by_o obstruction_n so_o if_o a_o nerve_n be_v intercept_v with_o a_o band_n or_o tie_v the_o part_n below_o lose_v nerve_n question_n concern_v the_o sâ—â—rits_n in_o the_o nerve_n sense_n for_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o low_a there_o be_v no_o communion_n between_o they_o but_o if_o the_o tie_n be_v take_v away_o the_o sense_n return_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o the_o optic_n be_v obstruct_v in_o that_o disease_n which_o the_o arabian_n call_v gutta_n serena_fw-la the_o action_n of_o see_v be_v utter_o take_v away_o but_o whether_o we_o be_v to_o believe_v that_o in_o every_o nerve_n there_o be_v a_o spirit_n as_o there_o be_v a_o spirit_n in_o the_o brain_n which_o be_v perish_v the_o whole_a creature_n become_v stupid_a and_o be_v strong_a or_o plentiful_a serve_v for_o the_o sense_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n and_o whether_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o spirit_n they_o be_v inbred_a and_o seat_v in_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o part_n and_o only_o awake_v by_o a_o message_n from_o the_o brain_n or_o whether_o at_o such_o time_n as_o we_o will_v move_v any_o member_n the_o motive_n spirit_n fall_v from_o the_o brain_n into_o the_o nerve_n we_o confess_v with_o galen_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v that_o we_o be_v not_o able_a absolute_o to_o determine_v bauhine_n conclude_v that_o these_o nerve_n be_v not_o only_o thick_a and_o of_o a_o rare_a texture_n invest_v by_o both_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o fit_a to_o give_v way_n for_o the_o transportation_n of_o the_o determination_n bauhine_v determination_n spirit_n but_o also_o say_v he_o we_o believe_v with_o galen_n that_o they_o be_v porous_a as_o will_v especial_o appear_v if_o they_o be_v sod_v and_o archangelus_n say_v that_o in_o the_o coition_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n there_o be_v a_o common_a cavity_n ensculpt_v out_o of_o one_o into_o another_o we_o say_v also_o with_o galen_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o nine_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la that_o the_o optic_n in_o dignity_n be_v prefer_v worthy_o before_o the_o move_a nerve_n of_o the_o eye_n because_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o vision_n or_o sight_n consist_v in_o they_o moreover_o say_v bauhine_v while_o they_o be_v yet_o in_o the_o skull_n certain_a branch_n of_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n do_v on_o either_o side_n touch_v they_o which_o observation_n he_o take_v out_o of_o galen_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v the_o use_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o according_a to_o all_o anatomist_n who_o herein_o do_v accord_n with_o galen_n that_o through_o they_o the_o sensative_a soul_n and_o the_o visive_a spirit_n optic_n the_o use_n of_o the_o optic_n be_v convey_v out_o of_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n into_o the_o eye_n the_o second_o conjugation_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v of_o the_o nerve_n that_o move_v the_o eye_n tab._n 22_o fig._n 1_o and_o 2._o k_o distinguish_v from_o the_o former_a conjugation_n only_o by_o a_o thin_a bone_n this_o original_n the_o second_o conjugation_n of_o the_o eyemoover_n their_o original_n conjugation_n be_v small_a and_o fine_a much_o less_o than_o the_o former_a and_o hard_a because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v insert_v into_o muscle_n it_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o so_o run_v forward_o unto_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o eye_n where_o it_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o scull_n through_o a_o proper_a hole_n account_v for_o the_o second_o perforation_n of_o the_o wedge_n bone_n this_o hole_n be_v not_o round_o as_o that_o which_o be_v bore_v for_o the_o opticke_n but_o somewhat_o long_o say_v galen_n in_o the_o eight_o chap._n of_o his_o 9_o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la because_o three_o nerve_n be_v to_o skull_n where_o they_o pass_v the_o skull_n pass_v through_o it_o this_o the_o three_o conjugation_n or_o the_o second_o branch_n of_o the_o three_o pair_n common_o so_o call_v and_o the_o eight_o conjugation_n or_o the_o lesser_a root_n of_o the_o five_o pair_n and_o therefore_o columbus_n and_o archangelus_n call_v it_o fissuram_fw-la orbitae_fw-la a_o cleave_a or_o chink_n of_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o eye_n this_o move_a nerve_n have_v perforate_v the_o bone_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o optic_a and_o divide_v pâ—ire_n the_o division_n 〈◊〉_d pâ—ire_n into_o good_a large_a branch_n which_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o seven_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n say_v vesalius_n and_o platerus_n to_o slay_v muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o to_o two_o of_o the_o eyelid_n say_v columbus_n and_o archangelus_n to_o four_o only_o of_o the_o eye_n and_o that_o that_o lift_v up_o the_o eye_n lid_n say_v falopius_n and_o laurentius_n bauhine_n particularize_v concern_v their_o insertion_n on_o this_o manner_n the_o first_o branch_n climb_v over_o the_o optic_a and_o be_v disseminated_a into_o the_o muscle_n that_o lift_v up_o the_o eyelid_n and_o the_o muscle_n
as_o be_v the_o womb_n the_o bladder_n the_o stomach_n the_o gut_n and_o such_o like_a which_o make_v a_o part_n of_o themselves_o and_o wherein_o all_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o fibre_n do_v appear_v that_o it_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a galen_n teach_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr temperamentis_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o be_v less_o cold_a and_o dry_a then_o a_o tendon_n a_o ligament_n a_o gristle_n or_o a_o bone_n but_o more_o cold_a and_o dry_a then_o artery_n vein_n and_o sinew_n the_o matter_n of_o membrane_n be_v the_o slimy_a part_n of_o the_o seed_n which_o by_o the_o power_n of_o heat_n be_v stretch_v or_o distend_v whence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o membrane_n may_v easy_o be_v dilate_v or_o compress_v without_o danger_n only_o the_o membrane_n say_v galen_n may_v be_v safe_o distend_v and_o contract_v and_o therefore_o all_o part_n which_o be_v to_o be_v distend_v and_o contract_v be_v make_v membranous_a a_o membrane_n be_v broad_a and_o extensible_a to_o invest_v &_o preserve_v the_o part_n sight_n and_o fast_o for_o strength_n and_o beside_o that_o it_o may_v not_o so_o easy_o receive_v a_o influxion_n of_o humour_n yet_o thin_a lest_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v offensive_a notwithstanding_o though_o it_o be_v thin_a and_o appear_v simple_a yet_o every_o membrane_n be_v double_a through_o which_o duplicature_n there_o run_v vein_n for_o nourishment_n artery_n to_o convey_v life_n and_o nerve_n to_o convey_v sense_n which_o vessel_n be_v slender_a and_o fine_a it_o be_v fit_v it_o shall_v be_v convey_v betwixt_o two_o coat_n the_o common_a office_n of_o a_o membrane_n be_v to_o be_v the_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v as_o the_o touch_v the_o organ_n of_o touch_v eye_n be_v the_o organ_n of_o see_v and_o therefore_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o membrane_n be_v most_o exquisite_a a_o nerve_n be_v indeed_o the_o conveyer_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o carry_v down_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o as_o in_o a_o muscle_n it_o be_v not_o the_o primary_n organ_n of_o motion_n as_o in_o the_o eye_n it_o receive_v not_o visible_a object_n so_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v the_o first_o tactive_a quality_n only_o the_o membrane_n be_v it_o which_o we_o must_v esteem_v the_o organ_n of_o touch_v and_o if_o you_o despoil_v the_o part_n of_o their_o membrane_n you_o make_v they_o also_o insensible_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o liver_n of_o the_o spleen_n and_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bowel_n be_v insensible_a as_o therefore_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v be_v diffuse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o creature_n because_o it_o be_v every_o where_o necessary_a so_o likewise_o be_v there_o membrane_n sprinkle_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n almost_o internal_o and_o external_o on_o the_o outside_n the_o body_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o skin_n and_o the_o fleshy_a membrane_n on_o the_o inside_n the_o peculiar_a membrane_n be_v almost_o infinite_a if_o it_o be_v object_v out_o of_o galen_n in_o art_n medicinali_fw-la that_o membrane_n have_v only_o inbred_a objection_n objection_n not_o influent_a faculty_n such_o as_o be_v sense_n we_o answer_v with_o the_o reconciler_n that_o galen_n then_o speak_v of_o membranous_a and_o broad_a ligament_n which_o issue_n from_o the_o bone_n the_o three_o last_o particle_n of_o the_o definition_n do_v elegant_o express_v the_o three_o principal_a use_n of_o membrane_n they_o invest_v the_o part_n under_o they_o like_o a_o cover_n whence_o they_o have_v expound_v galen_n expound_v the_o name_n of_o coat_n they_o conserve_v the_o fibre_n to_o make_v the_o flesh_n more_o firm_a and_o stable_a they_o contain_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o part_n and_o enclose_v it_o round_o about_o least_o it_o shall_v dissolve_v and_o separate_v part_n from_o part_n moreover_o they_o fasten_v one_o part_n to_o another_o from_z whence_o proceed_v the_o admirable_a membrane_n the_o use_n of_o membrane_n sympathy_n or_o society_n of_o the_o part_n so_o by_o the_o periostia_fw-la the_o bone_n be_v all_o continuate_v one_o to_o another_o by_o their_o common_a membrane_n all_o the_o muscle_n be_v unite_v by_o the_o skin_n the_o whole_a body_n have_v his_o connexion_n though_o it_o be_v diverse_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o structure_n of_o part_n which_o be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n final_o by_o the_o help_n of_o membrane_n part_n be_v separate_v from_o part_n as_o we_o may_v perceive_v in_o our_o section_n of_o muscle_n there_o be_v other_o peculiar_a use_n of_o membrane_n to_o sustain_v part_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la to_o hinder_v the_o refluence_n of_o humour_n as_o the_o value_n that_o be_v in_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o great_a vein_n and_o such_o like_a place_n and_o to_o lead_v along_o and_o establish_v the_o vessel_n that_o be_v to_o be_v distribute_v into_o other_o part_n as_o into_o the_o mesentery_n the_o kel_n &_o the_o fleshy_a membrane_n the_o difference_n of_o membrane_n be_v manifold_a and_o be_v take_v from_o their_o substance_n magnitude_n first_o the_o difference_n of_o membrane_n the_o first_o site_n figure_n conformation_n or_o texture_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o part_n which_o they_o invest_v or_o contain_v if_o you_o regard_v the_o substance_n which_o be_v the_o mansion-house_n and_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o determinate_a and_o particular_a faculty_n than_o we_o say_v that_o membrane_n be_v either_o lawful_a and_o true_a or_o illegitimate_a those_o be_v true_a membrane_n to_o which_o the_o definition_n before_o give_v will_v agree_v such_o be_v the_o membrane_n or_o meninge_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o peritonaeum_fw-la the_o pleura_fw-la the_o periostium_fw-la and_o such_o like_a illegitimate_a membrane_n may_v more_o true_o be_v call_v membranous_a body_n of_o these_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n some_o arise_v from_o the_o bone_n be_v broad_a and_o insensible_a and_o fasten_v the_o joint_n together_o such_o be_v call_v ligamentall_a membrane_n or_o membranous_a ligament_n other_o be_v make_v of_o the_o tendon_n of_o muscle_n dilate_v and_o so_o become_v more_o like_o a_o membrane_n than_o a_o tendon_n such_o be_v the_o thin_a end_n of_o the_o oblique_a and_o transuerse_a muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la also_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o muscle_n that_o lead_v the_o leg_n backward_o which_o they_o common_o call_v fasciam_fw-la latam_fw-la the_o broad_a swath_n to_o the_o three_o kind_n i_o refer_v those_o membranous_a body_n which_o make_v part_n by_o themselves_o which_o although_o they_o be_v invest_v with_o coat_n yet_o be_v altogether_o make_v of_o membranous_a body_n such_o be_v the_o bladder_n of_o urine_n and_o gall_n the_o stomach_n the_o gut_n and_o the_o womb_n again_o those_o membrane_n which_o i_o call_v legitimate_a be_v either_o of_o a_o thin_a or_o slender_a substance_n like_a unto_o broad_a cobweb_n such_o as_o appear_v in_o that_o membrane_n or_o coat_n of_o the_o eye_n that_o compass_v the_o cristaline_a humour_n call_v arachnoide_n or_o the_o cobweb_n coat_n likewise_o in_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la of_o the_o brain_n and_o in_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o the_o liver_n or_o they_o be_v thick_a as_o the_o dura_n mater_fw-la and_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o bladder_n or_o they_o be_v fleshy_a as_o in_o the_o face_n or_o altogether_o nervous_a from_o the_o magnitude_n some_o membrane_n be_v broad_a and_o some_o be_v long_o the_o figure_n &c_n the_o second_o &c_n &c_n of_o membrane_n be_v manifold_a according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o part_n which_o they_o do_v invest_v from_o the_o situation_n some_o be_v internal_a some_o be_v external_a some_o supernal_a some_o infernal_a from_o the_o context_n or_o conformation_n some_o have_v fibre_n of_o all_o three_o kind_n some_o of_o two_o kind_n some_o of_o one_o kind_n only_o other_o be_v without_o fibre_n and_o may_v be_v tear_v every_o way_n as_o paper_n may_v and_o so_o much_o of_o membrane_n in_o general_a of_o their_o nature_n use_n and_o difference_n now_o we_o come_v unto_o their_o history_n chap._n xiii_o abriefe_n enumeration_n of_o all_o the_o membrane_n the_o number_n of_o membrane_n be_v almost_o infinite_a and_o we_o have_v handle_v many_o of_o they_o before_o as_o they_o fall_v in_o our_o way_n in_o the_o order_n of_o dissection_n now_o we_o will_v gather_v they_o into_o a_o brief_a sum_n the_o membrane_n therefore_o do_v some_o belong_v to_o the_o embryo_n or_o infant_n before_o it_o be_v bear_v other_o to_o the_o creature_n after_o it_o be_v bear_v also_o the_o membrane_n embryo_n the_o membrane_n of_o the_o embryo_n that_o involve_v the_o infant_n be_v three_o call_v chorion_n amnios_n and_o allantoide_n the_o chorion_n be_v so_o call_v either_o because_o it_o contain_v the_o infant_n or_o because_o it_o compass_v it_o like_o a_o circle_n or_o a_o crown_n it_o cleave_v whole_o to_o the_o womb_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o
cochlea_n the_o snaileshel_n where_o also_o there_o be_v stonybone_n the_o bone_n of_o hear_v and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n 3_o bone_n of_o hear_v all_o which_o because_o they_o be_v make_v for_o that_o sense_n we_o have_v handle_v particular_o the_o cavity_n of_o this_o stonybone_n in_o the_o 20._o 21_o and_o 22_o chap._n of_o the_o 8_o book_n as_o also_o the_o three_o bone_n of_o hear_v in_o the_o 18_o chap_a of_o the_o same_o book_n where_o he_o that_o list_v may_v find_v abundant_a satisfaction_n at_o least_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v serve_v his_o turn_n for_o we_o have_v handle_v they_o there_o very_o particular_o this_o three_o process_n in_o infant_n be_v call_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o labyrinth_n because_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o scaly_a bone_n &_o be_v so_o straight_o fasten_v unto_o they_o that_o at_o length_n they_o unite_v so_o it_o change_v his_o name_n and_o be_v call_v the_o interior_a process_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n so_o much_o of_o the_o process_n the_o perforation_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n six_o external_a and_o two_o internal_a which_o do_v let_v something_o in_o or_o send_v something_o forth_o or_o both_o the_o first_o external_a perforation_n which_o platerus_n perforation_n the_o perforation_n call_v the_o three_o of_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o first_o of_o hear_v ta_fw-la 8._o fig._n 9_o y_fw-fr be_v very_o large_a betwixt_o the_o mammillary_a process_n and_o the_o jugal_a or_o yoake-bone_n because_o it_o intromit_v or_o give_v way_n to_o the_o entrance_n of_o air_n and_o sound_n it_o be_v call_v by_o a_o proper_a name_n meatus_fw-la auditorus_a the_o hole_n of_o hear_v the_o second_o perforation_n which_o platerus_n account_v for_o the_o first_o of_o the_o temple_n be_v in_o the_o backside_n never_o to_o but_o behind_o the_o mammillary_a process_n ta_fw-la 6._o fig._n 9_o x_o and_n enter_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o scull_n at_o the_o transuerse_a and_o round_a side_n of_o the_o lambdal_a suture_a this_o perforation_n be_v sometime_o want_v in_o one_o side_n sometime_o in_o both_o but_o when_o it_o be_v there_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o external_a vein_n pass_v through_o it_o the_o three_o perforation_n which_o platerus_n account_v for_o the_o second_o of_o the_o temple_n be_v at_o the_o stony_a process_n ta_fw-la 8._o fig._n 9_o x_o under_o the_o appendix_n call_v the_o bodkin_n or_o styloide_n it_o be_v a_o great_a hole_n unequal_a and_o run_v oblique_a from_o behind_o inward_a and_o forward_o through_o which_o the_o great_a branch_n of_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n run_v oblique_o unto_o the_o five_o hole_n of_o the_o wedgebone_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o brain_n by_o it_o also_o yssu_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o three_o conjugation_n of_o sinew_n it_o be_v bore_v aslant_a or_o oblique_a that_o it_o may_v more_o safe_o pass_v without_o break_v from_o behind_o forward_o some_o think_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obliquity_n be_v that_o the_o spirituous_a blood_n may_v there_o make_v a_o certain_a stay_n the_o four_o hole_n which_o platerus_n call_v the_o four_o of_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o second_o of_o hear_v be_v likewise_o oblique_a double_a and_o short_a ta_fw-la 8_o fig._n 9_o v_n it_o intromit_v the_o jugular_a vein_n and_o sometime_o transmit_v a_o small_a branch_n of_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n the_o five_o according_a to_o platerus_n the_o five_o of_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o third_o of_o hear_v be_v betwixt_o the_o mammillary_a process_n and_o the_o appendix_n styloide_v a_o round_a perforation_n and_o determine_v into_o the_o long_a canale_n it_o intromit_v the_o sleepy_a artery_n and_o give_v way_n unto_o the_o egress_n of_o a_o nerve_n the_o sixth_o according_a to_o columbus_n the_o five_o be_v betwixt_o the_o noll_n and_o the_o temple-bone_n great_a and_o unequal_a and_o bore_v for_o the_o egress_n of_o the_o sixth_o conjugation_n of_o sinew_n and_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o internal_a iugular_a vein_n unto_o the_o brain_n the_o seven_o the_o sixth_o according_a to_o platerus_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o four_o of_o hear_v be_v bore_v in_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o process_n ta._n 9_o fig._n 10_o a_o it_o be_v long_o and_o as_o it_o be_v oval_a dilate_v by_o degree_n and_o run_v with_o a_o blind_a passage_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v call_v foramen_fw-la â—acum_fw-la the_o blind_a hole_n into_o the_o labyrinth_n into_o this_o hole_n the_o auditory_a nerve_n of_o the_o fifte_a pair_n do_v pass_v the_o eight_o according_a to_o platerus_n the_o seven_o of_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o eight_o of_o hear_v be_v in_o the_o foreside_n of_o the_o process_n tab_v 9_o fig._n 10_o against_o a_o a_o narrow_a perforation_n and_o rugged_a like_o a_o rift_n and_o it_o transmit_v from_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v a_o small_a artery_n into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o scull_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o perforation_n the_o sinus_fw-la or_o cavity_n of_o the_o temple_n bone_n be_v two_o one_o outward_a ta._n 8._o fig._n 9_o h_o betwixt_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v and_o the_o process_n of_o the_o yoake-bone_n it_o be_v a_o long_a cavity_n transuerse_a sinus_n the_o sinus_n and_o crust_v over_o with_o a_o gristle_n and_o into_o it_o the_o long_a process_n or_o the_o head_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n be_v insert_v and_o articulate_v and_o this_o sinus_fw-la say_v columbus_n galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr ossibus_fw-la have_v not_o right_o describe_v the_o other_o bosom_n or_o cavity_n be_v inward_a at_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o process_n long_o and_o oblique_a and_o common_a to_o the_o temple-bone_n with_o the_o nowl-bone_n tab._n 9_o fig._n 10_o from_o b_o toward_z i_z and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o proper_a bone_n of_o the_o scull_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o bone_n that_o be_v common_a to_o the_o head_n and_o the_o upper_a jaw_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o wedge_n and_o spungy_a bone_n the_o first_o bone_n that_o be_v common_a to_o the_o head_n and_o to_o the_o jaw_n be_v call_v sphaenoide_n wedgebone_n the_o wedgebone_n either_o because_o it_o be_v like_o a_o wedge_n sharp_a above_o and_o thick_o below_o or_o rather_o for_o that_o like_o a_o wedge_n it_o stick_v betwixt_o the_o bone_n before_o name_v and_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n the_o interpreter_n of_o the_o arabian_n call_v it_o by_o diverse_a name_n os_fw-la paxillare_fw-la colatorij_fw-la basilare_fw-la and_o cavilla_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o head_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o it_o touch_v almost_o all_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o head_n and_o the_o upper_a jaw_n it_o be_v join_v before_o to_o the_o forehead_n bone_n by_o the_o eight_o transuerse_a suture_a ta_fw-la 9_o figu_n 10._o from_o t_o to_z u._fw-mi to_o the_o spongybone_n on_o the_o inside_n by_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o nine_o suture_a ta_fw-la 9_o fig._n 10_o at_o the_o middle_a u._fw-mi on_o the_o outside_n at_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nostril_n connexion_n connexion_n to_o the_o partition_n by_o the_o five_o common_a suture_a ta_fw-la 8._o fig._n 9_o never_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d behind_o to_o the_o additament_n of_o the_o nowle-bone_n by_o the_o seven_o suture_a ta_fw-la 8._o fig._n 9_o nn_n at_o the_o side_n to_o the_o temple_n bone_n by_o the_o scaly_a suture_a tab_v 7._o fig_n 7_o a_o to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o synciput_fw-la by_o the_o five_o suture_a ta_fw-la 7._o fig._n 6_o and_o 7_o from_o h_n to_o a_o and_o too_o the_o forehead_n bone_n by_o the_o same_o suture_a from_o a_o to_o g_o it_o be_v also_o join_v by_o his_o eminence_n or_o process_n to_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n as_o on_o the_o inside_n with_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o eye_n with_o the_o three_o bone_n of_o the_o jaw_n by_o the_o three_o common_a suture_a in_o the_o outside_n with_o the_o first_o four_o and_o sixth_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n by_o the_o second_o common_a suture_a ta_fw-la 8._o fig._n 8_o from_o s_n to_o q._n and_o fig._n 9_o from_o d_o to_z e_o in_o grow_v body_n it_o be_v but_o one_o bone_n yet_o at_o first_o it_o be_v compound_v of_o four_o bone_n with_o a_o gristle_n betwixt_o they_o which_o say_v falopius_n in_o his_o observation_n do_v not_o appear_v distinguish_v part_n his_o part_n after_o the_o seven_o month_n but_o be_v unite_v the_o first_o of_o these_o four_o be_v the_o basis_n in_o middle_a almost_o of_o the_o head_n separate_v by_o a_o transuerse_a line_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o additament_n of_o the_o nowl-bone_n and_o it_o contain_v the_o pituitary_a or_o phlegmatic_a glandule_n and_o because_o it_o be_v like_o a_o saddle_n be_v call_v the_o saddle_n of_o the_o wedgebone_n ta_fw-la 9_o fig._n 10_o â—_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o wedgebone_n have_v no_o name_n and_o be_v destine_v to_o
absurdity_n which_o will_v follow_v therefrom_o shall_v not_o there_o be_v a_o penetration_n impossible_a penetration_n of_o body_n impossible_a of_o body_n for_o the_o light_n do_v penetrate_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n and_o yet_o the_o nature_n both_o of_o the_o light_n and_o of_o the_o body_n be_v preserve_v whole_a and_o entire_a see_v therefore_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o impossible_a than_o this_o penetration_n of_o diameter_n as_o the_o mathematician_n avouch_v it_o be_v also_o altogether_o impossible_a that_o light_n shall_v be_v a_o body_n now_o that_o we_o know_v what_o this_o light_n be_v not_o it_o follow_v that_o we_o make_v inquiry_n what_o it_o be_v which_o that_o we_o may_v obtain_v we_o will_v make_v a_o reduction_n into_o the_o high_a genera_fw-la or_o kind_n which_o be_v two_o for_o whatsoever_o do_v exist_v in_o the_o whole_a universe_n be_v either_o a_o substance_n or_o a_o accident_n a_o substance_n this_o light_n can_v be_v for_o it_o do_v not_o subsist_v by_o itself_o but_o if_o the_o lucide_n or_o accident_n what_o light_n be_v every_o thing_n be_v either_o a_o substance_n or_o accident_n bright_a body_n be_v remoove_v the_o light_n be_v also_o take_v away_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v sparate_v from_o the_o lucide_n body_n moreover_o no_o substance_n of_o itself_o be_v under_o the_o perception_n of_o sense_n but_o light_n be_v by_o itself_o perceive_v by_o the_o sight_n and_o this_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v because_o it_o be_v neither_o know_v by_o touch_v nor_o taste_v nor_o smell_a nor_o yet_o by_o hear_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v know_v it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o the_o sight_n do_v judge_v of_o it_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n as_o we_o have_v before_o show_v see_v therefore_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o substance_n do_v in_o no_o sort_n agree_v to_o light_v it_o be_v necessary_o infer_v that_o it_o be_v a_o accident_n which_o notwithstanding_o many_o uncertain_a wit_n and_o ignorant_a do_v deny_v ground_v themselves_o upon_o this_o argument_n that_o if_o it_o be_v a_o accident_n than_o light_n will_v mingle_v itself_o with_o light_n in_o the_o same_o subject_n but_o it_o be_v not_o mingle_v for_o there_o objection_n objection_n do_v some_o distinction_n appear_v betwixt_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o of_o a_o candle_n when_o they_o be_v both_o together_o second_o they_o produce_v a_o example_n of_o two_o candle_n which_o make_v two_o shadow_n out_o argument_n second_o argument_n of_o one_o dark_a body_n but_o if_o the_o light_n of_o the_o one_o shall_v be_v mingle_v with_o the_o other_o and_o so_o be_v make_v as_o it_o be_v one_o they_o will_v also_o make_v only_o one_o shadow_n of_o one_o body_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o as_o they_o say_v for_o that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o mingle_v with_o the_o light_n of_o a_o candle_n do_v not_o happen_v because_o it_o be_v no_o accident_n but_o because_o these_o two_o light_n be_v not_o candle_n answer_v to_o the_o first_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o joy_v n_v with_o the_o light_n of_o a_o candle_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n for_o the_o one_o proceed_v from_o a_o body_n more_o pure_a and_o simple_a the_o other_o from_o a_o more_o impure_a and_o material_a substance_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v after_o a_o sort_n mingle_v with_o smoke_n and_o as_o a_o pure_a thing_n upon_o a_o impure_a ride_v above_o and_o remain_v distinct_a lest_o that_o which_o be_v immaterial_a shall_v be_v mingle_v with_o that_o which_o be_v material_a so_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o that_o the_o accident_n of_o a_o immaterial_a thing_n shall_v be_v mix_v and_o confound_v with_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o a_o material_a body_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o mix_v with_o the_o light_n of_o a_o candle_n that_o which_o they_o add_v of_o two_o candle_n do_v require_v another_o solution_n for_o the_o light_n of_o second_o answer_v to_o the_o second_o two_o candle_n be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o i_o utter_o deny_v that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o mingle_v if_o this_o word_n mingle_v be_v right_o understand_v for_o any_o mixture_n or_o confusion_n for_o the_o light_n of_o one_o candle_n can_v be_v discern_v from_o the_o light_n of_o another_o but_o only_o by_o their_o shadow_n and_o for_o this_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o your_o sense_n for_o the_o trial_n because_o we_o treat_v of_o a_o sensible_a matter_n for_o take_v two_o candle_n and_o show_v i_o the_o light_n of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o thou_o show_v the_o shadow_n and_o why_o because_o thou_o can_v not_o discern_v the_o light_n one_o from_o another_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o two_o shadow_n do_v appear_v be_v because_o that_o the_o lucide_n body_n do_v together_o why_o there_o be_v two_o shadow_n of_o two_o candle_n together_o send_v forth_o their_o light_n by_o right_a line_n and_o though_o their_o light_n be_v mingle_v yet_o 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particular_o make_v tractate_v of_o this_o sense_n have_v notwithstanding_o balk_v this_o argument_n not_o consider_v that_o in_o every_o sense_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n especial_o to_o be_v stand_v upon_o the_o object_n the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o organ_n concern_v the_o object_n and_o the_o organ_n all_o man_n do_v agree_v and_o the_o cry_n be_v uniform_a and_o current_a but_o for_o the_o medium_fw-la there_o all_o the_o whole_a field_n be_v at_o a_o loss_n haply_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o therein_o philosopher_n fail_v therein_o disquisition_n do_v affright_v they_o for_o otherwise_o the_o contemplation_n be_v not_o unpleasant_a anstotle_n touch_v upon_o it_o in_o the_o 101._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o it_o arist_n touch_v upon_o it_o the_o taste_n have_v no_o external_a medium_fw-la because_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v which_o itself_o have_v no_o such_o medium_fw-la beside_o this_o he_o have_v nothing_o 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neither_o be_v necessary_a see_v the_o taste_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n be_v immediate_o absolve_v or_o perfect_v as_o the_o touch_n be_v that_o which_o we_o taste_v we_o immediate_o touch_v with_o our_o tongue_n neither_o be_v there_o sensation_n make_v till_o the_o object_n light_n upon_o the_o organ_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v imagine_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o medium_fw-la i_o ask_v the_o question_n what_o he_o will_v assign_v one_o of_o the_o four_o element_n or_o some_o body_n compound_v of_o they_o sure_o neither_o these_o nor_o that_o for_o if_o it_o be_v a_o element_n it_o must_v be_v fire_n or_o air_n or_o water_n or_o earth_n but_o not_o fire_v no_o element_n can_v be_v the_o medium_fw-la not_o fire_v fire_n for_o that_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a which_o will_v not_o conserve_v but_o consume_v the_o moisture_n where_o in_o especial_o the_o object_n of_o taste_n be_v seat_v now_o the_o office_n of_o a_o medium_n be_v to_o conserve_v the_o object_n not_o to_o 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water_n much_o less_o the_o earth_n for_o that_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a both_o which_o quality_n be_v contrary_a unto_o earth_n not_o earth_n sapour_n and_o therefore_o will_v rather_o utter_o destroy_v they_o then_o conserve_v and_o maintain_v theâ—_n one_o word_n may_v have_v serve_v all_o there_o be_v no_o pure_a or_o simple_a element_n &_o that_o which_o be_v not_o can_v be_v a_o medium_fw-la be_v it_o any_o compound_a body_n no_o for_o a_o compound_n body_n woâ—â—_n element_n there_o be_v no_o pure_a element_n disturb_v and_o hinder_v the_o taste_n beside_o every_o mix_a body_n if_o it_o have_v never_o so_o little_a humid_a in_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o gustable_a that_o be_v the_o object_n not_o the_o medium_n of_o taste_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o taste_n be_v make_v without_o any_o outward_a medium_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o say_v that_o taste_n be_v make_v without_o any_o intermediate_v body_n adjoin_v or_o grow_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_n for_o as_o in_o touch_v 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think_v they_o unworthy_a our_o resolution_n but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o have_v conceive_v with_o better_a reason_n that_o the_o membrane_n which_o invest_v the_o tongue_n be_v the_o true_a organ_n of_o taste_v among_o who_o be_v valesius_fw-la in_o the_o four_o refuted_a nor_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n valesius_fw-la refuted_a and_o twentieth_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o controversy_n but_o he_o affirm_v it_o only_o confirm_v it_o not_o yet_o because_o so_o worthy_a a_o scholar_n have_v affirm_v it_o we_o will_v endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o contrary_n appear_v first_o therefore_o the_o temperament_n which_o be_v common_a to_o it_o which_o other_o membrance_n do_v argument_n the_o first_o argument_n deny_v it_o this_o privilege_n for_o it_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a both_o which_o quality_n be_v contrary_a unto_o sapour_n now_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o organ_n must_v not_o be_v at_o dagger_n draw_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n but_o 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the_o temper_n be_v sufficient_a to_o distinguish_v the_o organ_n of_o sense_n but_o beside_o to_o diverse_a action_n there_o be_v require_v a_o diverse_a substance_n diverse_a i_o say_v and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o else_o where_o to_o be_v find_v now_o this_o membrane_n although_o the_o temper_n do_v somewhat_o differ_v in_o several_a place_n yet_o in_o quality_n and_o substance_n it_o be_v like_o itself_o appear_v so_o both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o to_o the_o touch_n final_o that_o be_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n into_o which_o a_o soft_a nerve_n do_v determine_v but_o into_o this_o coat_n no_o man_n will_v say_v the_o nerve_n do_v determine_v who_o have_v but_o touch_v argument_n the_o three_o argument_n anatomy_n with_o his_o upper_a lip_n yet_o galen_n in_o the_o second_o chap_n of_o his_o 16._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la seem_v to_o affirm_v the_o same_o in_o these_o word_n as_o the_o hard_a nerve_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o muskle_n galen_n 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