usurpation and an incâ—oachment upon the Soveraign power of God who alone hath right to determine and institute these things As he hath prohibited religious Worship to be given to any but himself so he hath said that we must not do unto him the true God as the Heathen did to their Gods What he commands that they must do and must not add nor diminish Deut. 12. 31. 32. The Heathens made Images to represent their gods instituted rites some ridiculous some vain some abominable and did Worship the Images and their Gods in them by them before them and sacrificed their innocent Children unto them Men out of devotion or some other reason may add unto the rules of worship given by God or they may neglect them and omit them and institute something of their own but both are against this Law In this Commandement therefore § XI are forbidden all the foolish vain abominable superstitious rites and ceremonyes used by the Heathen both before and after the time of Moses all of all the revolting Jewes of all Mahumetans since the time of Mahomet and of Christians after that superstition entred into the Church as it entred betimes For some of the Jewes being made Christians and disperâ—ed into severaâ—l Countryes retained some of their Pharisaical traditiâ—ns and many of the Levitical Ceremonyes as being zealous of the Law and many of the Heathens converted could not at first be weaned from their heathenish customes and rites And of this some of the ancients complained in their times Some relicks both of Levitical rites and Heathenish Ceremonyes we find in many places at this day I will not in this brief exposition â—pend time in the examination of the Ceremonyes of the Masse which are very many in such a short piece of Service It 's matter oâ— Lamentation to consider how soon Superstition and Idolatry entred into the Church and being diffused through many places and having continued for a long time they put on the face oâ— Vniversality and Antiquity though neither of these be a sufficient ground to warrant any thing not instituted from Heaven Both these entred secretly and by degrees For Commemoration conâ—inued for a time and received gave occasion unto and ended in the invocation of Saints and Angels Images and Monuments of God Saints and Angels secretly crept in and were tolerated and allowed for Instruction and at length abused to Adoration And in the end the worship of Images was defended commanded used established by civil Lawes and Ecclesiasticall Canons though it was much opposed from the beginning But that which made up and brought unto perfection both Superstition and Idolatry amongst Christians was a Doctrine which did peremptorily affirm and many did and do believe it that a Wafer or a piece of Bread by a few words of a Priest was changed into the Body of Christ and Wine into his blood contrary to Scripture reason sense And it was and is commanded that upon this supposed imaginary change this Wafer and this Wine should be worshipped as God with divine and religious worship And it 's stupendious and a matter of amazement that Christians who professe the Scriptures to be the word of God that the God who made Heaven and Earth is onely one and our Lord Jeâ—us Christ one onely Lord shoulâ— believe A morsel of bread not only to be a sign of Gods presence but to be the onely true God and so be worshipped with the highest degree of Worship Yet the Eternal Glorious and most Just God looks down from Heaven sees all this and in due time will certainly judge it I need not here insist upon particulars and enumerate the superstitious rites and ceremonyes invented and used either by Heathens Jewes Christians or Mahumetans Many of them are expresly named and particularly delivered in Scripture Many others both in Christian and prophane Historyes What is here commanded may be easily understood § XII not onely from the Prohibition but also from the end and scope of this commandement For it was added to be a Fense unto the former Commandement and to prevent the violation thereof For how can we worship God as God and the onely God except we know what manner or kind of worship is most suitable to his Majesty acceptable to him and conducing to his glory and this in all times Yet these things he alone doth know and hath power to institute and his institutions are the onely rule of Worship and tend most effectually to preserve it pure and undefiled It 's true that many rites and Ceremonyes invented by man may have a fair face of devotion and Reverence but they never proved to do any good but much hurt For they did beget false notions and apprehensions of the Deity who is to be conceived of by us according as he is represented in the holy Scriptures For if our apprehensions be false our affections and worship will be base and adulterate Therefore the general duty here presented is to worship God with that Worship which he hath instituted in his word without addition or diminution As for circumstances of time place and order to be observed in the Worship of God either publick or private they ought to be regulated by the general rules of Scripture particular examples of such as are related in the Scripture to have performed the service and worship of God according to those general rules and the prudential dictates of right reason no wayes different from but agreeable to the Word of God For these are not any parts of Worship but accidentall to the Worship of God yet not to it precisely as worship but as a serious act which requires in the performance thereof due circumstances order and decency As for significant ceremonyes annexed to the service of God no wayes conducing to the better performance thereof I think they are better spared and omitted then used and observed For though consiâ—ered in themselves without any reference to Gods worship they be indifferent and so in generall may be lawfull yet if we examine their original the first occasion of their use and institution the persons who use or rather abuse them and understand withall how needlesse and unprofitable they be and how offensive unto some weak Bâ—ethren and also besides these may be instituted many more of that kind and may be imposed upon the same ground and that in the Church of Rome they have been an occasion of superstition it must needs be concluded by impartial and juâ—icious men that they are not expedient To say and publickly declare that they have no sanctifying power that they are neither holy nor unholy will not serve the turn For the same may be said of Images at first when they began to be used and do what we can many of the people do account them to be holy make them parts of Gods worship and are more carefull in the observation of them then they are of the more weighty dutyes of Religion To understand the more
us as without which we can do nothing Upon this account Austin made use of these words to prove against the Pelagian the necessity of grace The fourth petition § X which seeks from God temporall blessings is Give us this Day our Daily Bread The order is clear For we must first seek spirituall then temporall blessings the one as more excellent and necessary to eternal life the other is not necessary nor so excellent The prayer is agreeable to our Saviours doctrine For He that taught us to pray first for spiritualls then for temporalls taught us first to seek the Kingdome of God and his Righteousnesse and then Food and Rayment should be added These Earthly things were given to preserve this bodily life that enjoying health Peace Food Rayment we might not be distracted in the service of our God but chearfully seek eternall life in Heaven Earthly things are given to seek Heavenly and the seeking of Heavenly blessings first is the right and ready way to obtain Earthly Therefore to seek temporalls fust and more is preposterous and a perverting of the order prescribed by our Saviour both for our practise and our prayers By Bread which is the staffe of life is meant all kind of necessaâ—y food rayment lands houses Cattel seasonable times health peace good government Civil and all things necessary for a comfortable life that we may seek a better It 's opposed to famine nakednesse sicknesse poverty war captivity unreasonable times and all such things as make our life uncomfortable and miserable And we are taught by this word not to desire or seek riches daintyes or superfluities This bread is called Our daily Bread because we need it every day it 's suitable to and agreeable to our bodily nature and fit to nourish us and is to be desired in a competent measure between poverty and abundance The word is thus understood by divers learned Authours By This Day we may understand the present time For we must not distract our minds by seeking these earthly things immoderately or inordinately We seek them immoderately when we seek abundance or seek them too eagerly or take into our thoughts too much of future times which are uncertain and both beyond our knowledge and our power We seek them inordinately 1. When we seek them not of God 2. When we trust not in him 3. When we use any unjust meanes to acquire them 4. When we seek not Gods Kingdome and spiritualâ— first and chiefly This dayly bread to day is the thing we must petition foâ— And by these words Christ doth direct and limit us The Petition is in these words Give us which implyes that we have all earthly succour and sustentation from our â—eavenly Father and that by way of Giâ—t. For as you heard in the 8th Commandement the absolute and totall propriety of all things is in God And though they may come to us by occupation donation purchase inheritance labour or any other way yet they are from God who by â—hese meanes doth give them unto us and can take them away at Will and pleaâ—ure and when he hath given them Therefore it 's he and he alone that must continue them ours and blesse and sanctifie them unto us For otherwise all our labours cares forecast are in vaine Our daily bread is no bread unto us without his blessing it cannot seed us And these words imply further that we have a Father in Heaven and if we serve him he will provide for us and will not see his Children want bread This bread must be ours not others justly acquiâ—ed and given us so as to be ours not onely by the laws of men but God This doth not forbid us to take paines be prudent frugal and use just meanes to aâ—quire and keep them Yet we must not set our hearts upon them or abuse them to drunkennesse pride gluttony or any wayes mispend them or in our abundance forget our God After supplication § XI follows depâ—ecation which is sometimes joyned with fasting weeping confession complaints lamentations and other humiliations The matter of it is some evil which either lyes upon us or we are subject unto For since the fall of Adam this kind of petition is needfull The evils which we deprecate arise from many causes and are all reduced to the evils of sin or affliction The evil of sin is either of guilt or of temptation for it 's either past and so the guilt lyes upon us or to come and so we are in danger of it may be tempted to it and so overcome And first we are taught to deprecate the guilt of sin past in these words Forgive us our Trespasses as we forgive them that Trespasse against us In Mathew Forgive us our Debts In Luke Forgive us our Sins That we may understand what we in these words are taught to ask of God we must know 1. What the evill is 2. What it is to forgive 3. To whom the evil is forgiven The evil is sin which makes us guilty in making us such Sin as you heard before is a disobedience to Gods law it displeaseth God who hates it and makes the party sinning both liable to temporall spiritual and eternal punishments For he that shall offend God as a Law-giver may justly be punisht by him as a Judge Sins are called Trespasses because God by them may be said to suffer dammage and his glory due to him from his subject is impaired though not in it self yet in respect of us and if satisfaction be not made we must suffer The expression is from the Chaldy and Syriack languages in which the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chôb signifies to sin to offend God to do wickedly and sometimes to contract a debt And whosoever sins instantly and immediately he becomes a debter and owes a punishment unto God which he is bound to suffer and must suffer when it pleaseth the supreme Judge to inflict it if it be not some wayes prevented The substantive of this verb doth sometimes signifie debt but often sin and guilt One Evangelist as you heard calls it debt another sâ—n yet by sin is meant guilt whereby a man is a debter and bound to punishment The Socinâ—an not digesting and approving Christ's satisfaction takes occasion from the word debts used in Mathew to assert that sins are debts and the obligation contracted by them is obligatio credita whereas 't is obligatio criminis as may easily appear from the whole tenure of the Scripture and even from this place Whether they do this ignorantly or wilfully I know not but if ignorantly they are grossely ignorant For though sins are called debts and such debts as arise from contracts and may be remitted by a free acquittance yet they are but so called Metaphorically Yet no man can prove out of this place that they are so called in that sense but rather the contrary if we throughly examin the words To forgive or remit sin is to take away the guilt
Hatred The Subject and Persons who shall suffer are not onely Superstitious and Idolatrous Parents but their Children The extent is to the third and fourth Generation This punishment threatned is expressed in the word Visit I will visit God doth visit sometimes in mercy sometimes in justice and displeasure Here it 's Visitation in justice rendred by the Septuagint in this place by a word signifying to render and in many other places by a word signifying to Revenge Both these together teach us that here to visit is to render vengeance and justly to punish And when God saith He will do it it informs us of His determination that it is such that upon the Commission of the Sin the Punishment shall certainly be due and the Delinquent liable unto it and shall unavoidably suffer it if it be not prevented by timely repentance and God's Pardon This punishment is either Temporal or Eternal private or publique Sword or Famine or Pestilence and sometimes the Captivity sometimes the ruine of Families Cities States Nations besides the Eternal Poenalty This Commination was effectual and Israel found this Judgment certain and felt it often lye heavy upon them This as other sins against other Commandements bring the like Judgments upon Christians under the Gospel Yet so that as it was pardonable unto them upon repentance by vertue of the Promise So upon the like tearms it is to us by vertue of Repentance and Faith in Christ already come The Sin which makes liable to this Punishment is hatred of God Of those that hate me The Sin of such as hate Him in this place is the making and worshipping of Images To hate in Hebrew is many times not to love or not to love so much as 〈◊〉 due we should And as a Woman who affects another man besides her Husband though she may love her husband yet doth not love him so much as she should do Her love is not the love of a Wife as a Wife to her Husband as her Husband for that should be singular and exclude all Corrivality and So 〈◊〉 So whosoever is inclined and affâ—cted to Image-worship cannot love God as God who is jealous and can endure no Competitour To serve God and Baal is impossible according to His Rules The subject of this Punishment and Visitation is the Fathers that is the Idolatrous Fathers And these are principally in the sin and so principal in the punishment These are the Authors and first beginners of this sin and by their example instruction and direction cause their Posterity to sin and that long after they are dead So Jeroboam made Israel to sin and his institution and example began that sin I which once begun continued till the time of that Kingdoms ruine many years after The extent of this Penalty is such that it doâ—h not stay in the Parents but proceeds and reacheth the Children and not onely the immediate Children but Posterity to the third and fourth Generation This is not so to be understood as though the period wherein the penalty expires were the fourth Generation But in Scripture three and four Generations are many Generations and God doth not precisely limit Himself to this or that determinate number It 's true that in the time of four Generations the Posterity of some Idolaters may be either cut off or reformed Yet it seems unreasonable that Children should bear and suffer the Punishments of their Fathers sins And therefore some restrain the Visitation to Temporal Punishments and determine the Children to be onely such as continue in their Fathers sins And it 's true that the Children by repentance many times escape the Punishments deserved both by their own and their Fathers Crimes and no person truly pâ—nitent shall suffer Eternal Penalties for the sins of their Fathers no not of their Father Adam Yet this is certain that not onely penitent Children but such as were never guilty of their Parents Idolatry may suffer for the sins of their Fathers at least Temporally So Daniel with his three Associates and Fellow-Captives Ezra Nehemiah Zorobabel Joshuah the High-Priest lay unâ—er the guilt of their Fathers Idolatry as one person in God's own account with them Yea God doth inflict not only temporal but spiritual Judgments for the sins of Ancestours So the cursed Posterity of Ham must be Servants many years for his sin The Posterity of the first Apostate Gentiles lay under God's displeasure destitute of the means of Conversion for 2000 years at least And the Children of the unbelieving Jews who crucified the Lord Jesus and refused to believe the Gospel abide in Bâ—indness and under the Curse for these 1600 years and upward The Countries and the Eastern Empire where Image-Worship was establisht in * a General Councel is over-run and lyes now under the power of the Turk that great Oppressour of Christians and Enemy to Christ and the greatest part of them are deprived of the Gospel And all the Western-Nations and other Countries and People who received at the hands of the great Whore the Cup of Fornication are delivered up to strange Doctrines and God hath sent them strong Delusions that they should believe a Lye and many false Miracles and other things contrary not onely to Scripture but Reason and Sense and this for many years The pretence of the Worship of the true and living God and Jesus Christ His Blessed Son and the subtile Distinction devised to mâ—intain their Image Worship will not justifie them but prove that the great City built upon seven Hills which in the time of the Divine Apocalyptist reigned over the Nations even whilest She professeth her Self Christian is Babylon in a Mystery Histories tell us that the Old Babylon which once was an Imperial Seat and now a ruinous Heap was the first and most Idolatrous Ciâ—y in the World and that Image Worship and Idolatry was there first established by a Law But her Whoredoms were open and manifest and she profest her self to be what she was Yet Babylon in a Mystery professeth to believe in one onely true God and to renounce all false gods yet in practice is fearfully Idolatrous The last Reason is § VIII from the Promise of mercy to a thousand Generations of them that love God and keep His Commandements By Mercy understand such Blessings as God promised in the Law to Israel which are often mentioned in the Books of Moses especially Levit. 26. Deut. 28. The Subject of these Mercies are the Israelites 1. As loving God 2. Keeping His Commandements 1. The love of God in this place is opposed to the former Hatred and is that pure and chaste affection of the Soul towards God whereby it abhors all Image-Worship and even the appearance of it in toying with Images or the use of any thing in Religious Service invented by Man Therefore as Superstition Idolatry and all Worship of Images is called Fornication and Adultery contrary to the Contract and Covenant made with God as our God
before whose Throne of Grace we may approach without fear We are free Children of a free Mother We are not Servants born of Hagar the Bond-woman but free women of Jerusalem which is above and Mother of us all Gal. 4. 26. And as Jerusalem is our Mother so God is our Father who hath given us the Spirit of Adoption 3 We being adopted enjoy the Ministery of Angels those Blessed and Immortal Spirits who have a charge to keep us in all our ways guard us and pitch their Tents about us If we be in any place in any danger at any time they must be ready at hand If Jacob fear his Brother Esau two Armies of them shall meet him and secure him from danger When man by sin forsakes his God he 's out of God's special Protection and the Angels have no Commission to take care of him But if he return unto his God again they rejoyce upon his Conversion and upon God's Command do pitch their Tents about him And since Jesus Christ the Son of God was made Lord of Angels as soon as any do believe in him and are made the Sons of God he gives them special charge concerning his little Ones For they are all ministring Spirits sent forth to minister for them that shall be Heirs of Salvation Heb. 1. 14. 4 So soon as we are Sons we fall under God's special Providence and so He takes a far greater care of us than of others If we offend He in dearest love will chastise us not to destroy us but correct us because He will not suffer sinne to lye upon us He will try us not vex us but to exercise our Virtues and purifie our Faith that so we may come out of the Furnace of afflictions more pure then finest Gold If we fall He will raise us up again If we grow cold He will quicken us If we fall into danger He will deliver us if into want He will provide for us necessaries For our Heavenly Father knoweth that we have need of all these things 5 He in His excellent Wisdom out of greatest mercy so orders all events all conditions either of Prosperity or Adversity all his Works of Providence so that Heaven and Earth Men and Angels yea all Creatures and all things shall conspire and work together for our good and all shall unite Forces and full power which united as in one single cause shall further our Salvation 6 God loves them as his Children with a special love and pities them far more then any Father in the World pities his Child and nothing shall be able to separate from the love of that Father whom they love 7 He gives his Spirit of Adoption into their Hearts to anoint them seal them assure them of their present right unto and the full Possession in due time of their Heavenly Inheritance God their Father loves them and they must certainly know it Their estate therefore is an estate of unspeakable joy comfort Yet it requires that we should be obedient and dutiful Children and the love of God which is so great and advanceth them so high should deeply engage them to the love and obedience of their Heavenly Father This is the beginning of God's Judgment § VII in dispensing and disposing of his Spiritual Rewards of Conversion and Justification which include all the rest and bring them into an happy and blessed estate After this the continuance of this blessed estate is to be considered For God continues to judge and reward according to the continuance of their Faith and this in all parts of the World where any of his Saints shall be For all jointly and every one severally are the subjects of this Judgment which continually proceeds according to his Laws of Redemption As their Faith and Repentance are not made perfect at the first so their rewards joys and comforts are not consummate but by degrees And as their Faith may be sometimes greater sometimes less so this estate is better or worse or rather not so good Whilest Faith habitual remains rooted in 〈◊〉 heart they are virtually justified When it 's actual their Justification actual will follow When their Faith is lively and continues to act vigorously their estate is so much the more comfortable In this continuance of Rewards the same Rewards formerly given there is required a continuance of the grace of God's Spirit abiding in them to enable them to Duty and observance of his Laws and according to the continuance of this grace a continuance of performances without both which there can be no continuance of Rewards The grace of God is so continued that it doth not prevent all sin and disobedience and therefore we are not free from all punishments Yet as we contract new guilt every day so every day we should renew our Repentance and Faith and so present our selves before the Tribunal of this Heavenly Judge and sue for Pardon in the Name of Christ and suffer no guilt to lye long upon us And as this Court is continually open to dispense Rewards so it is to punish and chastise according as our deserts shall be If our sins shall be greater and our neglect of our renewing our Repentance and Faith longer the greater punishments both of loss and pain shall be as was evident in David This state of Conversion § VIII and Justification may be considered as continued in this Life or after Death until the Resurrection And it 's a continuance of it in the several Branches of Justification as in the continuance of Regeneration Reconciliation Adoption Regeneration which is commonly called Sanctification as continued is the first For that which they call Sanctification which follows Justification is the continuance of the first Regeneration which is a Bâ—anch of Juâ—â—ification and a removing of that great Penalty of loss of the sanctifying Spirit and the woful immediate consequent thereof as Blindness Perversness and the Dominion of Sin from which issue all Actual Transgressions which would multiply to a great number and rise to a higher degree of Malignancy if God by Reâ—â—raint or Renovation did not prevent both To understand this Sanctification continued the better we must distinguish of it as Active and Passive As Active it's an act of God sanctifying us Passive it 's those gifts and graces of the Spirit whereby we are enabled to avoid sin and obey God For though this be an active Power yet in respect of God giving it and us receiving it it may be called Passive though properly it be an effect of God the cause and a cause of an obedience following The active Sanctification is 1 The acting of the Spirit to prepare us convert us work Faith in us and by Faith unite us unto Christ. For all these may be called Acts of Sanctification in a large sense yet in Scripture they are called Vocation whereby God through the power of the Spirit accompanying the Word doth convert us and bring us to Christ. 2 This Sanctification active
differs in many things from all other Books especially in respect of the Authority thereof which is primarily Divine in the Original Copies secundarily in the Transcripts and Translations These sacred Writings are learned and known several ways and by several means of men that are not infallibly directed further then they follow the Scriptures rightly understood And by these especially Ministers by whom God speaks to men another way they are taught several ways in a certain order How these must be heard understood applyed so as the Hearer may attain to a Divine Faith and a Saving Knowledge Where something of the Tradition of the Church CHAP. III. The Doctrine of this Kingdom is contracted by Christ and His Apostles as such is the ground of all the Apostolical Creeds and Confessions all agreeing in method and matter The manner of the handling of the subject in this Treatise is different from that of ordinary Systems Catechisms and common places where something is said of Faith in general and of Divine Faith A Confession taken out of Tertullian CHAP. IV. Of the Divine Essence and Attributes How God's Essence is intelligible and how represented to us by certain Attributes What Attributes are and certain Rules concerning them The imperfect definition of God including all the Attributes CHAP. V. The Attributes in particular The distribution of them into Greatness Goodness In the Greatness unity infiniteness Infiniteness in Immensity from which ariseth His Incomprehensibility Vbiquity and in Eternity CHAP. VI. God's goodness being one and infinite is known by his excellent and most eminent Acts and Vertues of his Vnderstanding Will Power as His most excellent Knowledge and Wisdom the integrity of his Will and the perfection of his power CHAP. VII The Father Son and Holy Ghost their unity order distinction They are not Three Persons in that sense as Men or Angels are called persons The vanity of the Socinian Argument against the Trinity grounded upon the word person strictly taken How the Soul may be said to be an Image and imperfect resemblance of the Father Son and Holy Ghost CHAP. VIII God considered in his Regal Capacity in respect of his power acquired by Creation and continued by preservation How God is a cause of all things by his Counsel contriving Will decreeing Power actually producing The knowledge of GOD in respect of things out of Himself His Decrees free wise unchangeable The cooperation of the Persons their distinct manner of working The Creation in general the special Creation of Man The Conclusions deducible from this Principle God created Heaven and Earth and all things therein By this Work God hath a propriety in all things and may dispose of them and order them to the ends whereunto He hath made them ordinable Hence his supream universal absolute power How all things created are preserved and ordered Ordination in general the first act of God's Power acquired and continued CHAP. IX The Exercise of God's Power in general CHAP. X. The special Ordination and Government of the Intellectual and Immortall Creatures Angels Men. The government of Angels constituted administred according to certain Laws Judgment whereby some being obedient were confirmed rewarded Others disobeying rebelling and forsaking their station were punished and cast out of God's presence reserved for greater punishments in the end of the World CHAP. XI The special Government of Man which is two-fold 1. Of Justice without Christ. 2. Of Mercy in Christ. The constitution of the first Model The administrations Laws Moral Positive considered as a rule of Man's obedience God's Judgment CHAP. XII The Judgment of God-Creatour passed upon Man according to the Laws of Creation and strict Justice The Object of this Judgment 1. Man obedient rewarded with the continuance of a comfortable condition in Paradise 2. Sinning Sin in general is a disobedience to God's Laws The degrees and the consequents thereof The first sin of our first Parents in particular The causes of it The effects thereof before Judgment CHAP. XIII God's judicial proceeding against Adam Eve the Serpent Satan Their Convention Conviction Sentence Execution More particularly God's Sentence passed upon the old Serpent the Devil In which God new models his Kingdom of mercy in Christ promised and gives Man hope of Pardon and everlasting comfort CHAP. XIV The Penalties more particular both Bodily and Spiritual publike private Temporal Eternal all signified by Death to which Sin made man liable yet all by Christ removable CHAP. XV. Original sin what it is Whether it be properly so Whether Concupiscence in persons baptized be such in proper sense The derivation of Original sin Whether it be derived by Propagation or the just Judgment of God or both CHAP. XVI The principal Attributes of God manifested in this Judgment as Holinesse Justice especially Mercy in the manifestation whereof he exercised his transcendent power above the former Constitution and Laws LIB II. CHAP. I. THe Coherence of this Book with the former The difference of the two Models both the former and latter The acquisition of a New Power by the Word made Flesh and annointed taking upon him the form of a servant and being obedient to the Death of the Cross. A Description of the Redeemer His Person Nature Offices The union and distinction of the two Natures His particular Offices CHAP. II. The Humiliation of the Son of God 1. In taking upon Him the Form of a servant 2. In suffering Death A brief Historical Narration of His Sufferings 1. Before Judgment 2. His Judgment The Preparations of His Tryal His Tryal 1. Before the Ecclesiastical 2. The Civil Judge His Condemnation Execution with the Prodigies which hapned about that time CHAP. III. A more large Discourse concerning the Suffering and Death of Christ. It was an Act of Obedience to His Heavenly Father commanding Him to suffer for the sins of Man whereby He was offended To this Death He became obnoxious not onely by His Fathers Command but His own voluntary submission to be an Hostage and Surety for Man as guilty It was a Sacrifice offered freely to God as Law-giver offended and as supream Judge The effects of this sacrifice accepted are immediate mediate Immediate Satisfaction of Divine Justice and Merit What He merited for Himself what for Man How the benefit of this Sacrifiâ—â— became communicate from Christ as a Representator General and the Will of God the great Soveraign Of the extent of this benefit Whether Propitiation is to be ascribed to His active or passive Obedience severally or to both joyntly Whether this Death prevents all punishments or onely the Eternal And if not what punishments it removes The Attributes manifested in this great Work of Humiliation of the Word made Flesh by which a new Power was acquired CHAP. IV. The exercise of the new Power of God-Redeemer in the Constitution of His New Monarchy The Soveraign and Monarch The Subjects the Officers the Administrator-General the Enemies The manner of reducing Man to subjection the nature
of this subjection especially after Christ's Exaltation Men are reduced by Calling Of the nature of Calling whereby Predestination begins to be put in execution What Predestination is considered as a Model or Idea in God Of this special Government and Ordination of Man to His Eternal Estate CHAP. V. The Exercise of this New Power acquired in the Administration considered first in general How this Kingdom was administred from the times of Adam till the Call of Abraham and God's Covenant with him How from his time till Moses How from Moses till John the Baptist. The Covenant made at Mount Sinai The Bondage of the Church under that Covenant according to the Promise in her minority Some alteration begun by John the Baptist. The exaltation of Christ to be Administrator-General The great alteration that followed thereupon in Administration both in Heaven and Earth CHAP. VI. The Administration of the Kingdom of God-Redeemer in particular by Laws Moral Positive as a Rule of Obedience in Precepts and Prohibitions Conscience what it is The Moral Laws of perpetual Obligation The different manner of Obligation to Adam Innocent from that which followed after the first Promise of Christ. The more perfect knowledge of it always continued in the Church which hath its use to the Gentile to the Jew to the Church-Christian How to be understood Evangelically The inequality of the Morality of several Commandments CHAP. VII The First Commandment The Preface of Moses and the Preface of God The meaning of the words How to be understood and how observed Evangelically The sins forbidden reduced to Atheism and Idolatry The Duties commanded and how to be performed to God-Redeemer alone as Supream and that in the highest degree CHAP. VIII The Second Commandment The Analysis of the whole shewing the sinne prohibited the Reasons why it must be avoided the particular and distinct Explication of the whole Commandement and every part what is expresly and in proper sense forbidden what by consequence and analogy The Duties commanded both under the Law and the Gospel both by consequence and analogy CHAP. IX The third Commandement The Order and Connexion of this with the former as of the former with the first The Analysis the proper and immediate sense the sins forbidden and the Duties commanded by consequence and analogy CHAP. X. The Fourth Commandement The order and relation of this Commandement to the former The reason why God instituted a Sabbath and the end of it the Analysis of the words the Explication of every part the Duties commanded the sins forbidden the Reasons to perswade to Sanctification the Jewish Sabbath ceased the Lord Day substituted and both upon sufficient grounds plain in Scripture CHAP. XI The Fifth Commandement The order the difference the inequality of the former and this latter part of the Law This with the four following derive their Morality from the last as that receives Morality from the first of the first Table the Analysis the Explication the Duties commanded the sins forbidden expresly by consequence and analogy as they concern persons in Families States Churches according to their several Relations CHAP. XII The Sixth Commandement The Subject man's life the absolute propriety whereof is in God the use onely in Man and it cannot be taken away without Warrant and Commission from God What Murther is what the degrees thereof what sins are here forbidden what Duties commanded Reasons against Murther CHAP. XIII The Seventh Commandement Adultery presupposeth Marriage what Adultery it is how many ways committed the heynousness of the sin and the Reasons against it what sins here implicitly according to certain Rules are reducible to this Commandement and forbidden The degrees of uncleanness the Causes the Duty in general commanded Chastity inward outward in Marrriage Single life the disswasives from Uncleanness the swasives to Chastity with the means to preserve it CHAP. XIV The Eighth Commandment Which presupposeth Propriety absolute in God derivative and limited in Man The several ways of acquiring it the degrees of it What Theft is The distinction of Thieves and Theft according as it is more or less palpable and as goods are publike or private or sacred committed by such as are trusted by others or have contracted with others The several kinds of Thefts in respect of Contracts The degrees of Theft The Causes What is commanded The meanes whereby Justice in this kind is preserved The reasons perswading to the observation of it CHAP. XV. The Ninth Commandement This Commandement presupposing Laws and the power of Jurisdiction aymes at just Judgment The former determines the right of Persons in the fifth of things as Wife-life Goods in the sixth seventh eighth and this to be observed before Judgment This prescribes our Neighbours right in Judgment The words explained The end why Witnesses are onely mentioned The Duties and Offences judicial of Jnformers Plaintiffs Defendants Sollicitors Atturneys Witnesses Notaries Counsellours Iurors delatory and judicial Judges Executioners The Disswasives from Disobedience Swasives to Obedience of this Commandement CHAP. XVI The Tenth Commandement This Commandement derives morality unto and is the rule root and measure of the five former Commandements and is explained Certain Rules and Observations upon the words explained The sins forbidden the Duties commanded the principal and intended duty which is To love our Neighbour as our selves What love in general is What the love of our Neighbour What the measure and what the end of it is Certain Rules added to give light to understand and use the Moral Law of Moses's Ten Commandements CHAP. XVII Of Positive and Ceremonial Laws of God-Redeemer as a Rule of Obedience The Name and Nature of Ceremonial and Positive Laws The Ceremonials and Positives especially Sacrifices and Sacraments instituted before the Exhibition of Christ and the Revelation of the Gospel The nature of Sacraments in general and their Accidents The Sacraments of the New Testament The Institution of Baptism by Christ in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost The definition of it the Institution of the Eucharist with the definition of it the Explication of the Elements Actions Words mentioned in the Institution who may administer these Sacraments To whom this may be administred Whether Christian Infants as one person with their Parents who are members of the Church and joyned with them in obligations and priviledges may not be baptized Whether the Faith as well as Prayers of one may not profit another Whether these Sacraments ought to be administred upon a divine infallible or humane fallible Judgment CHAP. XVIII Of Prayer Of the nature of Prayer The Lord's Prayer The Preface directing 1 Who must pray 2 For whom 3 To whom 4 In what manner And that since Christ's Glorification all Prayers even the Lord's Prayer is to be offered in the name of Christ and so to God-Redeemer The body of the Prayer contracting the matter of all Prayer to a few Petitions disposed in a most excellent order That which is first matter of
threatned and allures the heart with some hope of good which God did never promise and this is the way to deale with man being an intelligent and free creature whose will in matter of practice can neither be forced nor necessitated The weaknesse of the party tempted is from the imperfection of knowledge and integrity And the more 〈◊〉 active resolute importunate the tempter is the greater must needs be the danger of the party tempted Yet this is to be observed that no temptation though violent and subtile can necessitate the will of man Thus Bradwardine proves excellently and fully that Voluntas non potest necessitari à causa secunda No second cause no not the Devill himself can do it This is the generall nature of temptation § VIII but 2. Who was the Tempter The History Gen. 3. makes mention onely of a Serpent Yet no doubt the principall tempter was far above that Serpent which was a Bâ—ast of the Field and irrationall Yet from other places we are informed that there is a Dragon Captain-generall with his Angels Rev. 12. 7. And lest we should be ignorant who this Dragon is it followes that it was the old Serpenâ— the Devill and Sathan who deceives the whole earth verse 9. For he is the grand-impostor and cheater-generall as all his temptations are cunning cheats and juglings He it was who by his lyes deceived Eve at the first and by her enâ—iced and surprized Adam and so murdered all mankind For this cause is he said to be a Lyar and a murderer Joh. 8. 44. Though the great temper was the Devill yet in this temptation he used or rather abused a Serpent which was more subtile then any beast of the field In which respect our Saviour adviseth us to be as wise as Serpents Math. 10. 16. A Subtile Creature was a fit instrument of a subtile Devil Why he should not immediately tempt the Woman without making use of a Serpent is not mentioned in that short History where the heads of things are onely and that briefly related Whether it was because he being a Spirit could not so well converse with Woman a bodily Creature without a body assumed or because the Devills and so good Angels can do many things by bodyes assumed which without them they cannot as by man they act farr more upon man for good or evill then without them they could do Yet in this designe if he must make use of a bodily Creature and he was not permitted neither could it then be convenient to assume the body of man a Serpent of all other was the fittest for his turn And it is strange that in many places almost in all times he should be worshiped in the form of a Serpent as we are informed he is at this day in many parts of the East-Indian Countryes But in the Third place the temptation is chiefly to be considered It was a conflict and encounter between Angels and all mankind and the event was of greatest consequence and no battle like this till many generations after the Son of God made man did encounter the Prince of Devills and all his power of darknesse upon the Crosse gave him a fatall blow and foyled him for ever in revenge of this cursed design whereby he intended the eternall ruine of mankind This businesse was contrived and managed with greatest power and pollicy For 1. He makes use of a Serpent the most subtile beast of the field and though we do not understand it yet he certainly knew there was some special advantage in it 2. He doth not encounter Man and Woman joyntly and at once but severally 3. He begins with the Woman 4. He doth not single out any of Gods Moral precepts or prohibitions For these were too deeply imprinted in the soul and of clearer light but he makes choyce of that positive precept which was not so obvious to reason and seemed to have some mystery in it and to admit some latitude for a Subtile discourse 5. He doth not instantly deny this Positive Law but begins to question the sense of it till at length he caused the Woman to doubt 6. In the end he assures her there was no danger as she seated and fondly surmised in eating of that fruit but certain hope of some great good and therefore perswades her to look upon that goodly fruit and consider whether there was any probability of the least evill to follow thereupon 7. By the Woman he perswades the man who dearly loved her and according to his affection could suspect no evill in any wise from her And here it is observeable that the first advantage the Woman gave him was in that she did not strictly peremptorily insist upon the plain and simple sense of he Law For when we once forsake the simplicity of the Word of God the subtlety of Sathan is such that he will speedily and easily deceive us This was Paul's fear lest by any meanes as the Serpent beguiled Eve through his subtlety so the Corinthians minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ 2 Cor. 11. 3. And now it is the grand designe of Sathan by his Agents to detaine people in the ignorance of the Scriptures or if that cannot be to Question the Divine authority of them or if they be perswaded of it yet to put them to prove it and prove it evidently and demonstratively to them Yet if notwithstanding all this they will adhere to these records as Divine they will argue against the sufficiency of them without unwritten traditions But let the sufficiency be proved they will controvert the Transcripts and Translations and make the sense in plain and necessary things to be obscure or divert them from necessaryes to doubtfull disputations in things needlesse and no wayes conducing to Salvation The Scriptures are the great and mighty engine of God against all the power of Sathan and if we clearly understand certainely beleeve and constantly practise the Saving Truths thereof then we may foyle him he cannot prevayle against us His endeavour therefore is to puzzle our understanding shake our Faith hinder our practise and perswade us that there is no danger but safety and advantage in sin or at least tempt us to presume upon Gods mercy The inward motive which set the Devill on work in this cursed damned designe was envy malice and delight in doing mischief which presupposed his Revolt from and Rebellion against God And in this respect he is said to be a Lyat For this was the first grand lye and Sophism in the World and also a Murderer for by this meanes he slew mankind and had for ever undone him if God had not prevented it By this attempt the partyes tempting had made themselves deeply guilty § X though it had never taken effect Yet the cursed damned designe prevayled against the partyes tempted and first against the Woman For she admitted conference forsook the simplicity of the truth began to parly then to doubt and
Children of Disobedience But § II secondly Whether is this Corruption which in Scripture is called the Flesh Concupiscence Sin the Body of Sin c. properly a Sin That it is from sinne called sin and is a cause of sin is generally confessed But that it is a sin in proper senâ—e is denied absolutely by Pighius But he is singular and differs from his own Church which generally acknowledgeth it to be a sin but not in such as are baptized Because Baptism being a Sacrament of Remission and Regeneration takes away the nature of sin from it so that the formal part of sin is taken away but the material remaineth For so I understand them because they call that which remains Concupiscence and the Fuel of Sin This were something if Regeneration did always accompany or immediatly follow upon Baptism which cannot be proved or if it did so accompany and follow Baptism as to be perfect and make the soul perfectly righteous and holy which it doth not as experience in God's own Children teacheâ—â— us yet this Doctrine doth confess plainly that it was sin before the formal reason and nature of sin was taken away and by the same reason it will follow that so far as it is not taken away it is properly sin It is placed by many of them especially in the Sensitive Appetite but certainly it 's found in the Rational Appetite and the Will and must needs be morally evil and they confess that it must be resisted and subduâ—d Some Remonstrants and Corvinus amongst the rest deny it to be properly sin upon another account because though it be materially contrary unto the Law yet formally it is not so And why Because the Law forbids future ill acts not habits But yet this is not precisely true because the Law forbids to all such as are under a Law not onely the future evil acts but also dispositions and habits especially such as depend any ways on Acts. But to give a more perfect Resolve of this Question § III we must 1. Distinguish of Sin Habitual and Actual And Actual Sin it is not 2. We may consider it as it 's in us by Conception and Birth and a Naturall Habit if I may so speak or as improved and increased by many Actual Sins and so become an acquired vitious habit and thus in this latter sense Paul seems to take it Rom. 7. and elsewhere In this latter sense few will deny it to be sin and by the same reason it may be sin in the former sense 3. We may conceive of this Original Corruption and the want of Originall Righteousness as taken away or denied upon a former demerit and so it 's certainly a punishment or absolutely in it self as a quality disposition or habit inherent in us and so it 's not properly a punishment but a sin Yet it 's not so a sin in us as it was in Adam For Adam once had Original Righteousness entire we have not Adam lost it by the demerit of an actual sin but Infants have not actual sin for which it 's denied unto them It seems to be rather a punishment then a sin though both in them who never were perfectly and personally righteous especially in such as never had the use of reason It 's certain that God never allowed in Man or Angel any vitious quality or disposition contrary unto his Law But the reason why it is a sin in Adam's Posterity is singular as will appear in the Derivation of sin from Adam which is the next thing In the third place § IV this which we call Original Sin is derived from Adam to his Posterity with many evils besides And first we must prove that it is derived Secondly shew how it is derived from him to us 1. The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that it is so seems to be evident from those words By one man sin entred into the world and by Sin Death and so Death passed over all men in that or as some turn it in whom all men have sinned Rom. 5. 12. And by those As in Adam all die so in Christ shall all be made alive 1 Cor. 15. 22. The meaning is not as some conceive that one man the first man Adam was the first that sinned and so by his Example sin entred into the World As though his Posterity were sinners onely by imitation But the plain and clear sense is that by the sin offence and disobedience of one man many yea all men were made sinners and so liable to death as appears by the words following This sin was his first sin in eating the forbidden fruit For his after-sins were personal and not derived to Posterity in that manner as the first sin was So that the person from whom sin was derived was one man even Adam the means whereby it was derived was sin one sin the first sin of that one man that first man The parties to whom it was derived were All men The thing that was derived by this one sin was Death the death of all This sin offence disobedience is opposed to the obedience of Christ unto Death the death of the Cross and the Death from this Sir is oppoâ—ed to that Eternal Life which Believers obtain by Jesus Christ. So that the sin of Adam is the sin of all and the guilt of Adam is the guilt of all But the great difficulty is § V How Adam's sin and guilt is transmitted and derived to all The ordinary determination is that it 's derived by Propagation It 's true that without natural propagation it 's not derived because without it we cannot Be or if we could have our Being without it yet we could not be his children and except we be his children we cannot be any subject capable so as to derive any thing from him Yet this natural propagation doth onely make us subjects of this derivation of sin and guilt from him Therefore this participation of sin guilt death from him is an Act of just Judgment This therefore presupposeth 1. That Adam was sinful and guilty 2. That we are descended from him as sinful by Natural Generation 3. That we are some ways one person with him either by Nature or Law or both and God did so account of us 4. That in Adam innocent God judgeth us innocent in him guilty us guilty And though we be descended immediatly from our next Parents yet we deâ—ive the sin and guilt from Adam immediatly though we have our Being from him mediately by intermediate Ancestours and Parents All men were one man in Adam and in none else We were in him by Nature and Law By Nature for he was the Root and all men the Branches and it was God's Will that all Mankind should descend from him By Law for as all Nations account the Parents and Children as one person in many things and Children part of their Parents so that Children and Parents make but one body So likewise God did account Adam and all Mankind
to such Rules as that he might attain Eternal Salvation For there was a Foundation of this new Government laid in that Judgment God passed upon the Devil and he began instantly to act according to the same Yet though he abolished the former Government yet he continued the memory of it and revealed the Doctrine thereof unto the Church and it remains in the same and it serves to let men see their misery and humble them that they may seek for remedy and vehemently desire it and follow the Directions God hath given And by this he may and ought to know that in strict Justice he can expect nothing but Eternal Death and that all hope of life depends upon the mere mercy of God and the merit of a Second Adam This Second Government did not abolish the power acquired by Creation § II for that continues still and will continue whilest man receives his Being from God by Creation and the continuance of his Being by preservation Yet God acquired a new power superadded unto the former and did exercise the same after a new manner In this respect there must needs be a great difference between the former and this latter Government For in the former the Governour was God-Creatour by the Word not incarnate or made flesh but in this he is not onely Creatour but Redeemer by the Word made Flesh. The subject of this latter is not man holy righteous innocent as he was created but sinful guilty miserable in Adam fallen The Laws thereof do not bind man as the former did to perfect and perpetual obedience as the condition of Life but to Faith in the Redeemer Neither in this New-Model doth God alone without a President-general as in the former◠govern Mankind but doth administer all things by his Son made Lord and King at his Right-hand after the Incarnation This Government is that Act of Divine Providence § III whereby he orders sinful man redeemed by Faith in Christ-Redeemer unto Salvation or upon his Unbelief unto Eternal Death unavoidable This is evident out of the sacred Writings both of the Old and New Testament For all the Holy Patriarchs from Adam were saved by their Faith in God Redeemer and the Seed of the Woman And after the exhibition of the Redeemer and his manifestation he himself faith That God so loved the World that he gave his onely begotten Son that whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have Eternal Life And He that believeth on him is not condemned And he that believeth not is condemned already because he hath not believed in the onely Begotten Son of God Joh. 3. 16 18. John the Baptist testifieth that the Father loveth the Son and hath given all things into his hand He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life but the wrath of God abideth on him Joh. 3. 36. And all power in Heaven and Earth was given to Christ Math. 28. 18. And from this Power the Apostles received Commission and Command to go to all the World and to preach the Gospel to every Creature And He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved and he that believeth not shall be damned Mark 16. 15 16. In all which words we have a New Power a New Government New Laws both as a Rule of Man's Duty and God's Judgment differing much from the former This might be called the Government of Mercy as the former the Government of Justice Whereas many tell us that the former Government continues that the Laws are still the same that God as Rectour by Substitution transferred the punishment merited by transgressions of the Law upon Christ and for and in consideration of satisfaction made by him remits sin and this is nothing but a relaxation or interpretation of the former Law they are much mistaken and reach not the truth in this particular And this shall be made evident when we come to speak of the Administration of this Kingdom from the times of Adam till the preaching and baptizing of John the Baptist and the manifestation of Christ's entring upon his Publique Office As in the former Government § IV so in this we must consider 1. Who is the Governour invested with Power 2. How this Power was 1. Acquired 2. Exercised The Governour is God Creatour and Preserver of Mankind the same who was Lord and King by Creation Yet here he must be considered under another notion as God-Redeemer For as the Work of Creation and Redemption differ so the Power acquired by Redemption differs from that acquired by Creation This Power is Supream Universal Eternal Monarchical as the former In the Acquisition we must consider by 1. Whom 2. What it was acquired It was acquired 1. By the Word made Flesh. 2. By the Humiliation of this Word made Flesh. The Person by whom God acquired this new Power was the Word made Flesh for as by the Word he made the World and in particular Man and so acquired a Properiety in Man and a Dominion over Man as a rational free Creature So by this Word incarnate and made Flesh in a wonderful manner he acquired a new propriety in Man fallen and a dominion over him as capable of Spiritual and Eternal Felicity to be recovered by a new way The work whereby this Power was acquired was the Humiliation of this Son of God So that now Man is God's and subject unto God not onely as Creatour and Preserver in general but as Redeemer and Sanctifier For this new Dominion considers Man in his Spiritual Capacity For the better understanding of this acquisition of New-Power § V we must consider 1. Who the Redeemer is 2. What the Work of Humiliation is The Redeemer is Jesus Christ our Lord first promised then exhibited Jesus Christ our Lord who is blessed for ever In himself is the Word made Flesh Ioh. ◠14. As our Redeemer he was anointed with the Holy Ghost and power to be a Prophet Priest and King Universal Act. 10. 38. In Him as the Word made Flesh we may observe 1. His Person 2. His Natures For his Person in a large sense as here I take Person He is the Word which was in the beginning and was with God and was God and by whom all things were made Joh. 1. 1 2. The onely begotten Son of God Joh. 3. 16. The Image of the Invisible God the first-born of every Creature by whom all things were not onely created but do subsist Col. 1. 15 16 17. The brightness of his Father's glory and the express Image of his Person Heb. 1. 3. He was begotten of the Father from Everlasting and is the full expression and representation of Himself unto Himself By these places it evidently appears that the Word did exist before the World was and so exist that He was with God and God To be with God implies some distinction to be God an identity of substance and this is that which we call
Actual Enjoyment of Salvation and Eternal Glory is granted as merited by this Death ver 28. All these are summed up in that one of the Eternal Consecration of the Sanctified Chap. 10. 14. Seeing Christ merited many and glorious things for sinful man § VI he must needs merit some greater thing for himself and so he did For because he humbled himself so low and took upon him the form of a Servant and was obedient unto death the death of the Cross Therefore God highly exalted Him and gave Him a Name which is above every Name Phil. 2. 9. And God advanced Him far above all Principality and Power and Might and Dominion and every Name that is named not onely in this World but in that which is to come and hath put all things under his feet and gave Him to be Head over all things to the Church Ephes. 1. 21 22. By which we may understand that He merited to Himself a Supream and Universal Power in Heaven and Earth and not onely power over all flesh but over all Creatures even over all Angels And He was invested with this power immediately upon the Resurrection for then He was made universal Prophet Priest and King and upon His Ascension followed His Solemn Inauguration and Coronation as we may so speak when He was set at the right hand of God and then His Eternal and unchangeable Priest-hood was confirmed unto Him by an Oath 2. He merited Immortality the Place and Throne of Glory fulness of joy in His Fathers presence and pleasures at His right hand for evermore He attained Immortality upon His Resurrection the Place and Throne of Glory fulness of joy and Eternal Pleasures upon His Aâ—cension 3. He merited a Judgment to be passed upon the Devil to lose his power over Mankind and the same to be transferred upon Himself and a strength to rescue him out of Sathan's possession aâ— will and pleasure 4. He merited a power to send down the Holy Ghost to reveal the Gospel and in a special manner to head His Church protect it guide it give it everlasting peace and in respect of His highest Dignity that not onely Men but Angels shall worship and honour Him and all such as refuse so to do must be dashed in pieces with His Iron-Scepter and cast into Hell Christ's Sufferings being 1. An Obedience unto the Death of the Cross § VII and a Sacrifice And 2. Having many and glorious Effects one and the same principal being the Acquisition of a new Power over Mankind The 3. Thing in order is the manner and measure of the communication of the benefit thereof unto others That the benefit of this Death and Sacrifice is communicable to sinful Man is express Scripture For as by the offence of One Judgment came upon all men unto condemnation even so by the Righteousness of One the free gift came unto all men unto justification of life And again As by one man's disobedience many were made sinners so by the obedience of One shall many be made righteous Rom. 5. 18 19. And since by man came death by Man came also the Resurrection of the Dead for as in Adam all dye so in Christ shall all be made alive 1 Cor. 15. 21 22. From which places it 's clear that as from Adam Sin and Death were derived upon all men so Righteousness and Life are derived upon Mankind by Christ. But the Question will be 1. How 2. How far this Benefit is derived 1. If we enquire of the manner how Righteousness and Life is derived from Christ being One unto so many we shall find that this cannot be except Christ be a general Head of Mankind and one person with them as Adam was And this He could not be as He was the Word properly but as the Word made Flesh for if He will sanctifie them he must take Flesh and Bloud with the Sanctified and so be Man Yet He may be Man and not a general Person so as to be one with them and we do not read of any but onely two who were general Heads and in some respect virtually all Mankind the first and second Adam Such Christ was not but by the Will of God and His own voluntary Consent The Will of God appoints Him to be the Head of Mankind and their Surety and Hostage and so accounted Him and He did willingly submit and took upon Him the Person of others And the principal cause of this Representation whereby He is one Person with us is the Will of God who as Lord made Him such and as Law-giver and Judge did so account Him But 2. How far is He One Person with us The Answer is 1. In general so far as it pleased God to make Him so and no farther 2. In particular He and We are One so far 1. As to make Him liable to the Penalty of the Law which He suffered not for Himself but for us 2. So far as to free us from that Obligation and derive the benefit of His Death to Us. I may instance in a Debtour and his Surety who are one person and the Law so accounts them so far as 1. The Surety becomes liable to the Debt And 2. If he pay it the Principal is freed from the Obligation Yet the Surety is not the Principal nor if he pay the Debt with his own money doth the Principal pay it with his So though Christ be so far one with us as to be liable to the Penalty of the Law and to suffer it and upon this Suffering we are freed yet Christ is not the sinner nor the sinner Christ. Christ is the Word made Flesh innocent and without sin an universal Priest and King but we are none of these Though we be accounted as one person in Law with him by a Trope yet in proper sense it cannot be said that in Christ satisfying we satisfied for our own sins For then we should have been the Word made Flesh able to plead innocency with perfect and perpetual obedience have dyed upon the Cross when He was crucified and by our own blood entring into the Holy Place to have obtained Eternal Redemption But all these things are false impossible blasphemous if affirmed by any It 's true that we were so one with Him that He satisfied for us and the benefits of this Satisfaction redounds to us and is communicable to all upon certain tearms though not actually communicated to all From this Vnity and Identity of Person in Law if I may so speak it follows clearly that Christ's Sufferings were not onely Afflictions but Punishments in proper sense For it is not material whether He suffer for His own sins which He could not because He was innocent or for the sins of others For if He suffered for sins then His Sufferings were Punishments For Poena is Vindâ—cta noxae sive propriae sive alienae That one may suffer for the sins of others and that justly except we will accuse God of injustice
presupposeth knowledge of the promise and a serious consideration 1. That it's God who promiseth 2. That the thing promised is everlasting life and all things necessarily conducing thereunto 3. The termes upon which it is to be obtayned and enjoyed And the principal is sincerely to submit under the Power and wholly rely upon the mercy of God Redeemer by Christ for remission of sin and eternall Salvation which Christ hath merited and God will give This Remission and eternall life are promised for Christs sake and the Promise it self is made for and in the consideration of his death and these things as promised are a mighty motive and powerfully work upon the heart of man to incline it to submission and if ever they prevayle this submission will follow The promise binds God gives hope moves mans heart and presents unto the soul the unspeakable benefit to follow upon the Performance of the duty and that certainly without any doubt This submission presupposeth certain dutyes antecedent and includes virtually all Particular dutyes following This word as written in a book § VIII or uttered outwardly by man or Angel may represent unto sinfull man both what he must do and what God upon his performance will give and by the senses be conveyed to the soul of man and cause him to understand and approve of the justice of the duty and excellency of the benefit promised and may incline man to some moral submission Yet such is the blindnesse of mans understanding in respect of these heavenly mysteryes and perversenesse and depravation of the will that without some power to pâ—riâ—ie and rectifie the soul this word of calling will prove insufficient Both this blindnesse and depravation are the greater to such as are at age by reason of false notions and errours and the habits of sin Therefore with the word is required the Spirit and divine power not onely to convey the word close unto the soul but also to prepare qualifie and fit it for the reception and entertainment of the Word This is evident by the experience of all times For the very words of our Saviour Christ who spake as never man spake and confirmed his Doctrin not only by his holy life but by such works as never man did or could do proved not effectuall upon the greatest part of his hearers Therefore said he No man can come unto me except the Father draw him Joh. 6. 44. To draw us is a work of power not a meere outward Word or Writing In the new Covenant God doth promise to put his lawes in our minds and write them in our hearts And this is said to be done by putting his Spirit within us and so causing us to walk in his Statutes and keep his judgments to do them Ezek. 36. 27. And before this can be effected he must take away our stony hearts and give us hearts of flesh One effect of this Spirit is generally granted to be illumination another to be sanctification of the heart This illumination may not be onely a restoring of a spirituall sight and viâ—ve power but also a more clear representation of the things spoken in the Word and the same more immediate and in an higher light This cannot be done except it free the soul from false notions and errours in matters of Religion This sanctification of the heart doth certainly subdue if not wholly take away predominant lusts and elevate and perfect the rationall appetite by giving and imparting a divine sense and Vigour whereby it more effectually doth relish heavenly things but reject and abhorr evil and sin I will not here dispute whether this Spirit be a distinct thing or power different from the Word of God as spoken immediately by himself to the soul of man or it be the very same No doubt the Word of God as the word of God is power For as it is said of Thunder naturally so its true of this Word spiritually The voyce of the Lord is powerfull the Voyce of the Lord is full of Majesty and it breaketh the Cedars and shaketh the Wildernesse So this word as his is powerfull and full of Majesty able to break the most stony and senslesse stubborn heart and shake it in pieces If it come close unto the soul it cleares the understanding dispels the mists and foggs of errour pierceth the inward parts and makes most lively and lasting impressions upon the same As I will not diâ—pute this point of difference between the word and this power so I will not perplex thâ— Reader nor amaze him with the controversie concerning the manner of conversion the resistibility or irresistibility of grace and the necessitation of the Will of man The manner of conversion is to us unsearchable both because we are ignorant of the nature of the immortall Soul and because much more are we ignorant of the manner of Gods working upon that immortall Spirit As for the resistibility or irresistibility of grace we know that the power of God is Almighty and cannot be resisted by any created strength if he please to exercise it to the full or in some high measure But if God give power to the creature or work by that created power given it may be resisted by a contrary created power And so grace or the power of conversion as a created thing in man may be so given as to be resisted by the Will of man And both the understanding of man will and doth either deny or doubt of divine truths represented to the soul and the Will will wrangle oppose and reject or not sincerely affect and submit unto the divine commands and promises And hence the many conflicts not onely in conversion but after we are converted As for necessitation of the will in this work of divine calling its certaine and granted of all that the illumination of the understanding may be necessary so farr as the soul in respect of the same is onely passive though in the apprehension and judgement concerning the truths represented by the Word it be active Besides God may give an active power to the Will and it may be passive in receiving of it and also necessitated to an act of complacency in generall so that it necessarily may approve by a generall approbation of the justice and equity of the command and the excellency of the good promised For even a wicked Medaea may truly say Video Meliora Proboque And a simple apprehension of a thing as good much morâ— an act of judgement may produce an act of approbation complacency and volition in generall and the good represented may be not onely approved as good in respect of the contrary evill but as better in respect of that good which is apprehended as lesse For it 's not possible to apprehend good as good and not approve it because as Bradwardine saith well in that respect it is not Objectum nolubile Yet notwithstanding this necessary and naturall act of complacency that act of the Will which Buridan
and Mercerus understand it Yea the Apostle himself informs us that the people fore-known Rom. 11. 2. are a Remnant according to the Election of Grace ver 5. And the Election that is the persons elected ver 7. So that to fore-know is to decree to Call and is the same with the decree of Election strictly taken 3. Predestination § X in this place is distinct from Election or Fore-knowledge and is a decree to justifie adopt and glorifie the Elect or Called For in these words of the Apostle To be conformed to the Image of his Son is to be glorified For Image in several places of the Old Testament is taken for Glory So O Lord when thou awakest thou wilt despise their Image that is their Glory Psal. 73. 20. When I awake I shall be satisfied with thy likeness that is thy Glory Psal. 17. 15. The similitude of the Lord shall He that is Moses behold that is his glory Numb 12. 8. In both places the Septuagint turn the word which signifies likeness or image glory And in the New Testament Man is the Image and glory of God 1 Cor. 11. 7. And though not here yet in another place God is said to predestinate us to Adoption Ephes. 1. 15. Where Adoption may be glory for so sometimes it 's taken And it 's implyed That we are Predestinate unto an Inheritance ver 11. 4. Election signifies both when it is written That God hath chosen you that is the Thessalonians to Salvation through Sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth 2 Thess. 2. 13. 5. The Subject of Election is Man but not as Man merely nor as man made nor to be made nor as fallen in massâ corruptâ though man may be considered under all these notions but the immediate subject of Election and Predestination is every person considered in that condition as God shall find him when he calls him For the execution of Election begins in that Calling upon which follows the first sincere Conversion And because in many this Calling goes long before final Faith as final Therefore man as finally believing is not the immediate Object of Election though final Believers be the immediate Subject of Glorification The first Compilers of the Articles of Subscription for the Church of England in King Edward the 6th His Reign do understand Predestination and Election for two distinct and different Acts of God as appears by the 17th Article For they make the Elect to be the Object of Predestination and imply that Election is Antecedent to Predestination But whether they meant by Election a Decree to Call is difficult to determine Neither need we trouble our selves in the search thereof because our Rules is the Scripture and their words are capable of a good sense Thus much may be sufficient for the explication of the words § X The thing signified by the Words in the next place is to be examined Election taken in the larger sense both for the Decree of Calling and Predestination too may be defined from 2 Thess. 2. 13. to be A Decree of God whereby He determined to chuse certain persons unto Salvation through Sanctification of the Spirit and Belief of the Truth Or thus more at large It is a Decree of God whereby He decreed according to His good pleasure before the Foundation of the world to call certain particular persons and by Christ to justifie and glorifie them First the general Nature of Election is a Decree A Decree is an Act of the Will that act which we call a determination or resolution to do something and this is an act of God's Will and according to our manner of understanding and the expression of the Scriptures it doth pre-suppose his counsel and practical knowledge directing the Will For we are said to be predestinate according to the good pleasure of Him who worketh all things according to the counsell of his will Ephes. 1. 11. Where observe 1. That the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is turned Purpose signifies sometimes good pleasure and so it s to be understood there 2. That Counsell is antecedent to the Will and directs the determination thereof As the general Act is a Decree So Secondly the Decree was passed by God before the Foundation of the world and the existence of things and in this respect is not onely Destination but Predestination Yet this Decree is not properly Eternal as the existence of the Deity and the immanent Acts of God upon Himself are 3. This Decree was not onely a free act but an act of free and abundant grace and mercy in Christ therefore said to be according to the good pleasure of His Will to the praise of the glory of His Grace wherein He hath made us accepted in His Beloved Ephes. 1. 5 6. 4. The Object or Subject of this Decree is sinful man yet considered as redeemed by Christ For otherwise He could not be eligible or predestinable to Salvation and Eternal Glory seeing that by the first Law of Works transgressed he was a Vessel of Wrath and as such in no possibility of Salvation For once guilty he was no way save-able but by Christ's Redemption and the New Covenant Therefore we are said to be chosen in Christ to be predestinate unto the Adoption of Children by Jesus Christ Ephes. 1. 4 5. And from hence it followeth that there was no merit in man fore-seen nor any cause out of God that might move God or determine His Will The merit of Christ fore-known could not necessitate His Will yea neither final Faith fore-seen nor the foresight it self of Faith could any ways pre-determine God's Will But this Will did freely determine it self both in general to chuse any and much more to chuse these or those particular persons The fore-knowledge of Christ Faith good-works final perseverance as possible could not make the Salvation of sinful man to be future for the futurition of it depended merely upon his good pleasure yet directed by his Wisdom And the Object of this Decree was not man in general but certain single persons and the same not onely guilty by the first Sin of Adam but by many other actual sins even all their actual transgressions which they had committed before God's effectual Call and their Conversion Yet this is to be understood of such as are Adulti and at age before their Conversion This is evident both out of the Epistle to the Romanes but especially in that to the Ephesians Chap. 1. 4 5 11. and that to the Thessalonians 2 Chap. 2. 13. For we find the subject to be persons and such as were guilty not onely of the first sin but many proper actual sins before their Conversion and their Election pre-supposeth Christ the Redemption the Covenant The Remonstrants inform us that the Decrees of Predestination are these 1. A Decree to give Christ to redeem sinful man 2. A Decree to save all those who shall sincerely and finally believe in Him 3. A Decree
For when He was asked Which is the greatest Commandement He answered Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart with all thy soul and with all thy mind This is the first and great Commandement And the Second is like to this Thou shalt love thy Neighbour as thy self To love our Neighbour as our selves is the last Commandement as shall appear anon These two are the Epitome of the whole Law and virtually contain all the Precepts of it The first All of the first Table the last All of the Second Table Therefore they are general Commandements the one of the first part of the Law this other of the Second For after that God had in the four first Precepts of the Second Table determined the right of persons and things out of judgment and in the Ninth given a Rule of judgment In this last He prescribes a general Duty which is the measure and Rule of the rest both out of Judgment and also in Judgment This Commandement is Negative wherein we must consider 1. The Act 2. The Object That so we may understand what the Sin prohibited is The Act is to covet the Object something that is our Neighbours To covet is to desire It presupposeth some knowledge at least of apprehension of the thing desired as good and in some respect good to us It 's an Act of the Will and presupposeth the good desired as absent and not possessed or enjoyed and there are degrees of this Act according as we conceive the good desired less or greater That which is best if we be rightly informed is to be desired most and other things in a certain order and measure as they are nearer unto or further distant from the greatest good We may mistake and conceive many things to be better then they are and so deceive our selves and desire that which is not good at all or that which is least good as though it were the greatest So most men are deluded when they covet Earthly Things more then Heavenly and imagine that in them there is a vertue and power to make them happy and so we prefer the World and love it more then God This is a sin against the first Commandement and it's Idolatry Thus ambitious covetous voluptuous men do We covet things as good to us that we may have them and enjoy them and this coveting may be upon a simple apprehension and before a deliberate consent or it may follow it and then the Soul begins to move and use means to compass it Yet Coveting in it self § II is indifferent neither good nor bad Some things may some things must be coveted some things must not Therefore we must know in what respect Coveting is here forbidden when it 's said Thou shalt not covet and what the things are which we cannot lawfully desire to be our own and that is easily understood by the Object the second thing here determined by God The things not to be coveted are here expressed 1. By a particular Enumeration 2. By a general and comprehensive Term. In this particular Enumeration we have House Wife Man-servant Maid-servant Ox Ass Field Deut. 5. 21. Some reduce this to Utile and Jucundum things pleasant or unprofitable The general and comprehensive Word is ANY THING Thou shalt not covet any thing This was added to include all things and to leave nothing excluded Yet these things may be considered materially and so Wife House Field Cattle may be desired or formally as our Neighbours and so we must not covet them We must not covet his House his Wife his Field c. nor any thing that is his that is our Neighbours That which is not ours but his both by the Laws of God and Men must not be the Object of our Desires We may like them but not covet them as his For if we do it 's an evident sign that we love our Selves too much our Neighbour too little Nay we love his and not him or his more than him And this is a want of that love God requireth He requires a love of his Person as of our Selves it forbids a love of his So this Commandement was given to regulate the very motions of the Heart with the Affections and Inclinations of it in respect of our Neighbour This is the plain and genuine sense of the words § IV which inform us of many things 1. That the Law of God prescribing the Duty of Man to Man doth reach the Heart binds the Conscience and requires a conformity and obedience in the Inner-man 2. That God in Judgment will take Cognizance not onely of men's words and actions but of the motions inclinations and dispositions of the Soul 3. That both God's Laws and also his Judgments are far above the Laws and Judgments of men 4. That this Commandement is the Rule and Measure of the five former Commandements according to which we must understand them 5. It reacheth them all and is the principal and they the conclusions which derive their Morality from it so that in obeying it or disobeying it we obey or disobey the rest Therefore sayes the Apostle It 's the fulfilling of the Law Rom. 13. 10. And all the Law that is which requires the Duty of Man unto Man is fulfilled in one word Thou shalt love thy Neighbour as thy self Gal. 5. 14. 6. That whatsoever Duty we perform to Man is not agreeable to the Will of God if it be not done out of love to our Neighbour as our love to our Neighbour is not regular if it issue not from and be subordinate to the love of God 7. That this with the first of the First Table do more clearly discover Original Corruption and the Root of all Sin in us than any of the rest 8. That if we could perfectly obey these two as we never shall in this life we might perfectly obey all the other and might pluck up by the very Roots all other sins 9. That by this we easily understand what necessity we have of Christ and his sanctifying Spirit without both which we can neither hope for remission of sin past or power to avoid sin and transgressions of this Law for time to come For if our hearts be not renewed they will be ever coveting and coveting will be a continual Spring of dishonour of Superiours Murder Adultery Theft False-Witness as our Saviour teacheth us For out of the Heart proceed evil Thoughts Murthers Adulteries Fornications Thefts False-Witness Blasphemies Math. 15. 19. Wars and Fightings are from our Lusts Jam. 4. 1. Achan covets and commits Sacriledge Ahab covets and commits Murder Therefore we must not covet In these words is forbidden all discontentedness with that Estate God hath given us § V â—o as to be any cause or occasion of coveting that which is our Neighbours All Envy likewise must be a sin against this Law but Hatred and Malice in general and Contempt are directly contrary to it In a word the want of Love
and instruments which have a promise annexed and that by vertue of the promise and Gods ordination I will not here assert that either the word SACRAMENTUM Latine or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Greek doth properly signifie any such thing oâ— that the word is so used in Scripture Let it suffice that in this sense the words have bin used both by Latine and Greek writers and if any can find a better word I shall willingly accept it when I know it If any make question whether this definition doth agree to the Sacraments of the old testament as well as of the new as we use to speak it 's plain it doth For Circumcision was a sign and Seal of the righteousnesse of faith Rom. 4. 11. where we have Righteousnesse promised by God faith required from man which is the substance of the Covenant and Circumcision as a Ceremony was a sign to signify and represent the righteousnesse by faith and a Seal to confirme it Yet this faith then required was in Christ to come And Abraham had this faith before he was Circumcised which made the confirmation stronger yet it confirmed no righteousness but by faith The Celebration of the Sacraments is a profession of our Religion § VI a testimony of our union amongst our selves badges of our profession to distinguish us from others and a Solemn engagement to obedience yet these are generall accidents and are neither of the essence of them nor proper adjuncts to any one of them As the observation of them is a service to be performed unto God they are parts of his Worship As they are commanded by God they bind us as all other Laws do and the observation of them by that command becomes necessary so far as he intended them In this respect they agree with other Laws They are meanes of obtaining the benefits merited by Christ and promised by God as all other Laws obeyed are For God hath promised that upon obedience the benefit shall follow The observation of them is commanded joyntly with the observation of morall and other more excellent duties which more immediately and effectually conduce unto the main end as with repentance and faith without which they cannot be effectuall For the promise is not added to the Sacrament alone For he that believeth and is baptised shall be saved Mark 16. 16. It 's not said He that is baptized but he that believeth and is baptized shall be saved A man by faith without Baptism not by Baptism without faith may be saved Yet the contempt of these Sacraments may damn a man and deprive him of salvation because that contempt is inconsistent with faith For true faith and salvation have a necessary and inseperable connexion by the Divine ordination in so much as that He who believeth not shall be damned The efficacy of these Sacraments for the actuall enjoyment of grace requireth a right qualification in the party and depends upon the power of the holy Spirit For Baptism is the Laver of Regeneration by the renewing of the Holy Ghost Tit. 3. 5. As all other Laws have their promises and threats so these sacramentall ceremonialls likewise have From hence it followes that not onely they who neglect and omit the celebration of them but also the unworthy receivers are guilty and make themselves liable to punishment And they who observe them and observe them aright in God's good time though not alwayes at or in the time of the observation receive the benefit promised For though the benefit and the actuall enjoyment be from Christ and the Spirit yet it 's sometimes attributed to the observation of the Sacraments because they in some sort concurr in an inferiour manner to the collation of the same Therefore we are said to be ingraffed into Christ and saved by Baptism yet not by Baptism alone After these generals § VII concerning all the ceremonials and special Sacraments I proceed to speak of Sacraments in particular and bâ—cause we are freed from the Sacraments of former times by the death of Christ I will passe by Circumcision and the Passeover and come to the Sacraments of the Gospel which continue in full force and power unto this day and shall so continue unto the end of the World The Sacraments of the Gospell are two 1. Baptism 2. The Lord's Supper The first is the Sacrament of Regeneration and Admission into Christ's Kingdome and our ingrafting into Christ The second is the Sacrament of our continuance in this Kingdome and growing up in Christ. Baptism may be briefly therefore defined to be a Sacrament of our Regeneration But more particularly It is a Sacrament of the Gospel wherein by washing with Water in the name of the Father Son and holy Ghost Regeneration is confirmed to the party baptized As it is a Ceremony so it agrees with all the ceremonies of God Redeemer as a Sacrament with all other Sacraments thereof as a Sacrament of the Gospel it differs from all Sacraments annexed to the Promise For though they were instituted by God yet this with the Eucharist was instituted by God Redeemer exhibited The former presupposed Christ to come these Christ already come And also though it agree with Circumcision as being a Sacrament of initiation yet it differs both in the sign and in the thing signified in some respects The name of it is Baptism which comes of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which though it signifies to dip or dive yet often signifies to wash In the Gospel we read of John's Baptism which was from Heaven and Christ's Baptism as instituted by Christ after his Resurrection in a certain form different from that of John's In the speciall Nature § VIII we must consider 1. The Rite 2. The Effect In the Rite we have 1. The Element or the thing 2. The Action 3. The Words The Element or outward thing considered in it self is Water which hath many vertues or power to produce many Effects as to quench Thirst to cool to moisten to mollifie to heal to fructifie and also to cleanse In respect of this cleansing power which is most ordinary God singled it as common to be had and commonly used for that end in all Nations to whom the Apostles were sent to preach and baptize And in respect of this cleansing it was fit to signifie the cleansing and regenerating vertue of the Spirit This signification was not naturall but it was determined to it by divine institution For it was made a sign of this supernatural Grace by a supernatural power of Christ not onely exhibited but raised again and ready to ascend into Heaven For this was one difference between the Sacraments of the Law and the Gospel that these latter were instituted immediately by the Son of God inâ—arnate Besides there was another that the former were alterable these never shall be altered The Action is Washing § IX and this was part of the Rite This did imply that man by nature is unclean and polluted with sin and must
be cleansed and purified before he could enter and be admitted into God's Kingdome Yet all the Water in the World had no power nor all the washing with Water could have any such effect as to cleanse from the guilt or stain of sin This power was merited by the Blood of Christ to be exercised by the Spirit Regeneration therefore iâ— signified by washing One end of washing is cleansing and washing may be by dipping diving powring on water The principall thing is washing whatsoever way it be done Therefore Baptism is said to be a washing of water Ephe. 5. 26. The putting away of the fiâ—th of the flesh 1 Pet. 3. 21. The washing of Regeneration Tit. 3. 5. The washing of our bodyes with pure water Heb. 10. 22. It cannot be denyed but that the whole body descending into the water and plunged wholly and after that ascending out of the water again might resemble Christs Death and Resurrection more perfectly Yet neither was this the principal signification nor the immediate end of Baptism But how will it be proved that in Baptism the whole body with the head and all parts were plunged under the waters And suppose some were Baptized so it doth not follow that all ought to be so by vertue of any command All the washings lustrations purifications mysticall and sacred in the Law were contracted in this washing of Baptism The words added to washing with water do complete the Rite § X and make it very solemn The words are these I Baptize thee in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy-Ghost In which words we have 1. The name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy-Ghost 2. The Baptizing into this name These words containe the Doctrin of One most Glorious God the Father the Son and Holy-Ghost with the great and stupendious works of creation redemption sanctification For that Great Almighty and ever Blessed God created the world by the Word made flesh dying and rising again redeemed mankind and by the Holy-Ghost sanctifies his people And by the Redemption of Christ and sanctification of the Spirit he is the Fountaine and cause of mans eternall happinesse and glorification This Doctrin must be preached heard received believed professed by the party to be baptized if at age by himself if not at age by some other representing him And he must further promise to renounce the Devill and all other Lords to subject himself unto this God the Father Son and Holy-Ghost to obey his Commandements By virtue of this profession and promise when nothing to the contrary is manifest the party is baptizable according to Christs commission But besides these words there must be baptizing in this Name which is understood severall wayes 1. With some in the Name is in and by the authority and power of the Father Son and Holy-Ghost With other it s in this name invocated and called upon And the truth is that Baptism ought to be administred by commission and command from God and with solemn invocation of and prayer unto God With others it is to be by baptizing devoted subjected to God the Father Son and Holy-Ghost as their onely Lord and King in whom the party baptized must believe whom he must worship and obey as his onely supreme Lord and Saviour expecting eternall life from him and him alone With this sense agrees that of such as understand it of baptizing in or unto the Faith which was professed and unto the worship and service of the true God which was promised These words do contain both the duty of man and the promise of God The duty of man is to believe and obey God the Father Son and Holy Ghost and the promise of God is to accept him as such and admit him as a subject of his Kingdome to receive the benefits of protection regeneration and eternall life After the Rite consummate § XI follows the effect and the end or according to some the act and that is the confirmation of Regeneration Where we may consider 1. What is confirmed 2. How it is confirmed 1. The thing confirmed is Regeneration By regeneration is meant our first insâ—tiâ— into Christ dying and rising again for us and our first receiving of the remission and the Spirit for sanctification that we may dye unto sin and live unto God and of adoption whereby we are made Sons of God and heires of glory For we are saved by the washing of regeneration and renewing of the holy Ghost which he shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Saviour that being justified by his grace we should be made heires according to the hope of eternall life Titus 3. 5 6 7. Where we have 1. Washing which is the baptismall rite 2. Regeneration the thing signified sealed or confirmed 3. This regeneration is by the renewing of the Holy-Ghost 4. We have justification by grace 5. Adoption whereby we are made heires of Glory It 's our first ingrafting into Christ for mortification of sin and newnesse of life Rom. 6. 4 5 6. Col. 2. 12. You must take notice that Regeneration Adoption and the state of Justification are onely begun upon our first faith and admission and not finished till the Resurrection And Johns Baptism was for remission upon Repentance and confession of sin Marke 1. 4. with Mat. 3. 6. The manner how this is confirmed is this 1. The party to be baptized by receiving Baptism doth solemnly testifie and as it were Seal and confirme that Faith which he had professed and that promise of submission and obedience he made 2. God by the party baptizing him doth solemnly testifie his admission of the party Baptized into his Kingdome as a Subject thereof to enjoy the priviledges thereof So that the administring on the one side and receiving of Baptism on the other is a deep and mutual engagement and makes the obligation strong on mans side to do his duty on Gods side to perform his promise This is an immediate confirmation of the covenant and promises as a covenant and promises and doth engage to mutual performance for time to come For if there be a performance on both sides there must needs be an actual possession which needs no confirmation If it be said that the performance on mans side is onely begun and so is the performance on Gods side but in part for it is onely full when we fully enjoy eternal glory It 's true that it is so and therefore it 's a confirmation of mans promise of faith and obedience to the end and of Gods promise that when mans performance is perfect His performance shall follow and in due time be full and perfect For the more full and clear understanding of the point we must observe 1. That the Covenant between God and man differs from other ordinary covenants In other covenants the partyes covenanting are equally free from any antecedent obligation in respect of the thing covenanted and the obligation of both partyes
ariseth from their voluntary consent expressed and no wayes else so that they may be properly called Cor-rei In this there is a great inequality between the partyes covenanting For the one is the Lord and King and the other Subjects and they as Subjects are not onely under his power but bound by his laws before they voluntarily oblige themselves and if they never promised obedience yet they are bound to do it and must be judged by the Laws given them 2. That Gods word and promise is firm and inviolable for ever without any solemn rite added to confirm it yet because mans weaknesse is great God was willing not onely by promise to oblige himself to man but also by solemn rites yea and an Oath wherein he pledged his eternall Diety to confirm his promise and all this to strengthen his weak saith and give him full assurance For God being willing more abundantly to shew unto the heires of promise the immutability of his Counsel confirm'd it by an Oath Heb. 6. 27. 3. That the thing that is confirmed both by solemn rites and his Oath is his promise 4. That because as mans infirmity and inconstancy was great therefore God thought it good to require of him a voluntary engagement and a solemn confirmation to subject himself to his power and to obey his Laws that the more freely and deeply he had engaged himself the more carefull he might be to be faithfull and obedient to his everlasting good and the thing confirmed by man is his voluntary engagement of subjection and obedience 5. That the thing whereunto man engageth himself in Baptism is that he will be a Loyal and obedient subject unto God his redeemer in Christ The thing whereunto God obligeth himself is to be his God and admit him a Subject of his blessed Kingdom 6. That though the engagement be distinct from the performance yet if it be sincere there is a beginning of performance though that performance is not the thing confirmed but the thing for which the confirmation is made 7. There is a great difference as between the making and confirming of a covenant and the keeping of it so likewise between the solemn admission into the visible Church and the mysticall which consists of real Saints and loyal Subjects What kind of profession and promise is required in the party to be baptized may be considered afterwards By all this we may easily understand that it we will expect any benefit by our Baptism we must have a speciall care to perform our promise confirmed by this solemn rite For these Sacraments are special and distinct laws added to all the rest for this end to engage man more strongly to observe them And Baptism is a kind of naturalizing of such as are baptized The Second Sacrament § XII is the Eucharist or that which we call the Communion or Supper of the Lord. It 's called the Eucharist because a Sacrament of thanksgiving for the great benefit of Redemption by Christ The Communion because in it we being many partake of one sacred bread and the same cup It 's called the Lords Supper because it was instituted at the last Supper that Christ as morall did eat with his Disciples Yet there may be other reasons of these names given and are given by others This Sacrament hath many other names a Catalogue or enumeration of the greatest part of them you may read in Casauboâ—s exercitation 16. of his Apparatus This Eucharist is a Sacrament of the Gospel wherein by the use of Bread and Wine according to our Saviours institution in remembrance of his death and passion the continuance in the covenant is confirmed This Sacrament was instituted immediately by Christ in the night wherein he was betrayed and succeeded the Passeover which was to cease For then Christ the true Paschal Lamb was exhibited and ready to be slaine The Passeover did signifie Christ to come and after Christs resurrection this Sacrament did signifie him not onely come but slain already and it is to continue to the end of the World for the perpetual memory of his sacrifice For as often as we eat this bread and drink this cup we shew forth Christs death untill his comming again 1 Cor. 11. 26. This death of Christ represented in this Sacrament was the accomplishment of the Passeover and of all propitiatory Sacrifices and sin-offerings And this Sacrament is the abridgment of all Sacrificial feasts and especially such as were used for the confirmation of leagues and covenants It was resembled in a more lively manner by that Sacrifice mentioned Exod. 24. 3 4 5 6 7 8. Where 1. Moses informs the people of all the words of the Lord and all his judgments 2. The people promise obedience This was the league and Covenant 3. Moses builds an Altar and 12. Pillars according to the 12. Tribes to signifie that they were all engaged in it 4. There were offered by 12 young men representing the 12 Tribes burnt offerings and peace offerings of Oxen to the Lord. 5. Moses took half the blood and put it in basons and half the blood he sprinkled upon the Altar which signified God one and the principall party covenanting 6. He takes the book of the Covenant and reads the precepts and promises of God in the audience of the people and they again engage to observe the Law 7. Moses took the blood of the Covenant and sprinkled it on the people saying Behold the blood of the Covenant which the Lord hath made with you concerning these Words In all this somethings are remarkable 1. That the thing that was confirmed was the covenant it self 2. That this Covenant was not onely made but solemnly confirmed on Gods side by half the blood sprinkled upon the Altar by the other half of the blood sprinkled upon the people it was established on their part 3. That to the Rite were added words and the words are taken up by our blessed Saviour in this Sacrament 4. That though a Sanction of a law be taken for the confirmation of it by promises of reward and threatnings of punishments which are indeed essentiall parts of Gods laws yet this was a true and proper sanction not onely of the precepts but the promises and the threats of God and the promises of the partyes covenanting with God and it was by blood and a solemn rite with words In the definition we may observe § XIII 1. The rite 2. The confirmation In the rite three things 1. The Elements or things sensible 2. The actions 3. The words For I take rite in a large sense to include the words The Elements as they use to call them are Bread and Wine which were then ready on the Passeover Table These were very fit both to signifie the body and blood of Christ and the eating and drinking of them a spirituall Sacrificiall feast Yet this they did not by nature but by the divine institution though by nature they were apt to resemble such things These
second thing that follows is the confirmation of the continuance of this Covenant and that is in these words This is my Body c. This is the New Covenant or Testament in my Blood c. The thing confirmed is the continuance of the Covenant of Grace in the Bloud of Christ. The Confirmation and so the Solemn Engagement is two-fold 1. On God's part 2. On Man's part 1. On God's part by giving the Blessed Bread and Cup to be eaten and drunken 2. On Man's part by taking and eating the Blessed Bread and drinking the Blessed Cup. By Giving God doth testifie and assure man that He continues the same firm in the Covenant and is ready to give a further increase of Graces and a greater measure of Mercy for the merit of Christ dying and upon the same tearms the Covenant was made and confirmed at first For the Condition then was not onely to begin but continue Faith and Obedience and God by this Sacrament doth renew His Promise that man may renew his Faith Man presupposed to continue in this Covenant doth solemnly by receiving and eating this Bread in remembrance of the Body of Christ broken and offered and by receiving and drinking the Cup in remembrance of the bloud of Christ testifie and engage himself to continue in thta Covenant expecting Remission and Eternal Life upon no other tearms but Faith in Christ dying for him Yet because a Mist is cast upon these words This is my Body This is my Blood I must clear them that this Confirmation may be the more evident To this end I must shew 1. What is meant by THIS 2. How THIS Whatsoever it be may be said to be the Body of Christ And how the second THIS may be affirmed to be the Bloud of Christ. By THIS in the former place is meant Bread the blessed and consecrated Bread For 1. It was Bread that Christ took 2. It was Bread Christ blessed 3. It was Bread Christ broke 4. It was Bread Christ gave 5. It was Bread which Christ cmomanded them to take and eat 6. The Apostle calls this Bread three several times 1 Cor. 11. 26 27 28. But How is this Bread Christ's Body It 's not the Body of Christ by Transsubâ—antiation nor Consubstantiation For both these are contrary to Reason to Sense to the Nature of all Religious Rites and Sacraments to all Miracles For there never was Miracle that did delude the Senses For the Water turned miraculously into Wine appeared to be Wine and tasted as Wine and was Wine indeed as it appeared That many of the Fathers seem to affirm it to be the Body of Christ is nothing for as many call it Bread and a Sign and Figure of Christ's Body To this purpose you may read the Learned Dr. Crakenthorpe against Spalatensis in the Controversie of Transubstantiation where ye shall find a multitude of Councels and Fathers exactly quoted to this purpose The word Transubstantiation was not known till latter times The thing signified by it cannot be certainly defined For the greatest School-men and subtilest Wits differ amongst themselves both in the Definitions and the Explication of their Definitions Besides there is some reason to think many of them do not believe it For some of them amongst us have refused to take it upon their Salvation that after a due Consecration according to their Rules any such change of the Elements is made But suppose the change and that it 's certain to what end doth it serve For it 's confessed that wicked men may receive the Body of Christ in the Eucharist and yet be damned neither doth it profit any man who receives it without Faith THIS therefore that is said to be Christ's Body is Bread and at the first Institution it must needs be so for then Christ's Body was not broken neither did Christ then give it The second Question therefore is How Bread may be said to be Christ's Body if not really and by Transubstantiation or Consubstantiation or some such way The Answer is That it 's His Body 1. By Representation because it 's a Sign and Figure of his Body as many of the Ancients expresly affirm and if any of these say it 's Christ's Body in proper sense as they of the Church of Rome would make us believe they do then they must needs contradict themselves And this is proper to all Religious Rites to signifie something invisible and many times the name of the thing signifyed is given to the Sign it self As Circumcision is said to be a token of the Covenant Gen. 17. 2. and afterwards it is called the Covenant My Covenant shall be in your flesh ver 13. whereas it was the token of the Covenant that was in their flesh The reason of this expression is the similitude and agreement between the sign and the thing signifyed In this respect Christ calleth His Flesh Bread not that it was Bread but because it was like to Bread And that place of John the 6th where He calls Himself and His Flesh Bread is alleadged to proveâ—t is change yet if the Expression and Predication were proper that place might prove that Christ's Body was changed into Bread and not Bread into His Body as will easily appear to any Intelligent and impartial Reader Yet to be a bare Sign is not all but to be a Sign so by Divine Institution as to confirm the Promise of the Covenant and assure the worthy Receiver that as certainly as He gives him that Bread so certainly will God give him the benefits merited by the Death of Christ. By this time we may understand what is signifyed by these words This is my Body But what is meant by the latter words This is the Covenant in my Blood and This is my Blood of the Covenant For the sense of these there can be no doubt but by THIS is meant 1. The Cup For 1. Christ took the Cup. 2. Said This Cup is the New Testament or Covenant 3. It 's called three times by St. Paul the Cup. 2. By cup is meant the Wine in the Cup. 3. This Wine blessed and consecrated according to Christs institution This Cup is said to be the new testament that is the sign whereby it 's confirmed in this Sacrament and as it were a pledge given by God and received by man of remission of sin merited by the blood of Christ and for his sake promised to us Whereas Mathew and Mark relate that Christ said This is my blood it 's meant that the Wine in the Cup was a token and sign of his blood given and received to confirm the new Testament or Covenant Thus Circumcision was a Sign and Seal of the Righteousnesse of faith to Abraham as this Cup is a sign to signify and a Seal to confirm the righteousnesse of faith and remission of sins in the blood of Christ. As for the real presence of Christ in this Sacrament it 's certain that his glorifyed body is in Heaven Yet he
sense as they are a Petition and so usually taken we must first consider the meaning of the words Wherein we have 1. The Name of our heavenly Father 2. The Hallowing of it 3. Our Petition that it may be Hallowed By Name is meant the Majesty and the supreame and universall and eternall power of God whereby he is King of Kings Lord of Lords and the onely God to whom alone all Glory Honour Praise and Worship are for ever due from all both Men and Angels and that in the highest degree For his Name is above all Names and there is an infinit distance between him so far above and all other things even the most excellent so far below This Name and this Power this Excellent Majesty and Supreme Dominion doth presuppose his glorious perfections and his eminent acts The Hallowing of this Name is not to make it more Holy or excellent then in it self it is For that cannot be done There is no degree above the highest no addition to that which is infinite To Hallow it therefore must be something else And it is to know and acknowledge it to be such as it is This cannot be done except it be manifested and it 's manifested in his glorious works and especially in his blessed word To know it thus manifested and to acknowledge him the onely supreme Lord with all humility and reverence and to subject our selves as nothing in our selves wholly unto him is to hallow glorify and magnify the same For all these words signify the same thing For to sanctify is to acknowledge Him to be excellent to glorify is to acknowledge him as glorious to magnify is to acknowledge him as great Yet it 's not sufficient to acknowledge him as excellent glorious great but he must be acknowledged as most excellent most glorious and the greatest and we must wholly submit our selves to him as such not onely as Creatour and Preserver but Redeemer To petition for this Hallowing of his Name is to request 1. That as he hath already so he would continue to manifest his name more and more not onely unto us but unto all others not onely by his word revealed from Heaven and by his former works but by new and glorious works so that his very enemies may acknowledge that he alone is God and that his name is most excellent and that he rules in Heaven and earth His name hath bin manifested to others it hath bin manifested to us and may be manifested to them that are unborn It hath bin manifested much it may be manifested more It hath bin Hallowed by others and much too We pray it may be Hallowed by us and by us more and more It 's manifest to all by the works of Creation and preservation and generall government of the World but not by his Gospell and the Work of Redemption as it is to us Yet many do not know his name though manifested many know it but imperfectly and not as they should and might do Many know it more then others yet do not acknowledge it as they should do and submit unto it And they who in this life know it most do not acknowledge it and submit unto it perfectly Therefore there is great need to pray continually that this Name may be Hallowed by us by all and that perfectly which duty will not fully be performed by us till we see him face to face in glory Yet in this vale of teares we may cry Holy Holy Holy Lord God Almighty which was and is and is to come and cast our selves and lye at his Throne giving all Glory Honour and Power to Father Son and Holy Ghost for evermore In this we pray for the confusion of Atheists Idolaters which either do not acknowledge him at all or not alone and of all Men and Devils which shall usurp this power and glory and arrogate it to themselves The second petition is § VII Thy Kingdome Come wherein that Gods Name might be the more Hallowed and Glorified we pray that he would exercise his supreme and universall power especially in the Spiritual government of mankind that all his enemies may be subdued and his Loyall and obedient subjects may obtain full and everlasting peace and safety For this is the principall end of the comming of his Kingdome and his Kingdome comes when he Reigns This Kingdome is not that generall providence of God whereby he orders all things to their ends nor the civil government of mankind in their severall Common-weales though both be subordinate unto this but the speciall government of God-Redeemer in Christ by which man is ordered to his finall and eternall estate This Kingdom and Reign of God began betimes even presently upon the fall of Adam and was still coming unto that very day when our Saviour did teach his disciples to pray Thy Kingdome Come It was come before and a great part of this Reign was past but for the most eminent and most excellent manner it was then to come John the Baptist Christ himself his Apostles and Disciples by his direction did preach that the Kingdome of God was at hand which did imply that the more eminent degree and glorious manner was not yet come though not far off And when he had finished his work of humiliation was risen again ascended into Heaven and set at the right hand of God invested with an Universall Regall power and confirmed in his everlasting Priesthood then this Kingdome was come and he began to Reign gloriously and God in and by him began to order and administer his spirituall and eternall kingdome so as he never did before Then the rod of his Scepter went out of Sion and he Reigned in the midst of his enemies he enlarged the borders of his Dominion and he made all nations his territory This is the Kingdom of the Messias so much spoken of by all the Prophets so much desired so much longed for so long expected by Kings and Prophets who lived not to see it This is the Kingdome in a Speciall and strict manner which they were then taught to pray for and in such a manner as that neither we now not they after Christ began to rule at his Father's right hand could pray for Yet because Christ did onely then begin to Reign and He must Reign till his enemies be made his foot-stool and all his adversaries even death the last be subdued and destroyed and this is not yet done therefore they might then after Christ's exaltation and we must now pray that he would continue to Rule by his word his spirit his speciall power till that which was promised be accomplished that so that great design of God which was the totall and perpetuall ruine of Sathans Kingdom and the full and finall deliverance of his Saints might take effect There be three degrees and Periods of this Reign The Frist Commenced upon the Fall of man The 2d Upon the exaltation of Christ. And the 3d. Shall follow upon the
or obligation to punishment and this it is properly and in strict sense and the word remit doth inform us and teach us that it is so and so far as the obligation is remitted so far sin is pardoned and no further If it be wholly remitted the party guilty is wholly freed but if the remission of the obligation be but in part as it may be the pardon is not full and consummate And it 's not to be doubted but if the obligation may be remitted in part and by degrees and is so many times and not wholly at an instant Simul Semel And so far as a guilty person is freed by the supreme Judge from the guilt so far he is freed from the punishment either present and lying upon him by removall or future by prevention And a judge or a party offended may pardon either ex nuda voluntate without requiring any satisfaction or upon satisfaction given and accepted And the satisfaction may be made either by the party offending or some other substituted and accepted The forgivenesse or pardon we here pray for is granted upon satisfaction made unto divine justice not by the sinner but by Jesus Christ substituted and accepted by God Yet this satisfaction must be acknowledged and pleaded in the Court of Heaven by the sinner confessing repenting believing in Christ not onely making satisfaction on earth by his blood but pleading his blood as a Propiâ—iation in Heaven And here forgivenesse Pardon Remission sparing not imputing justifying are all one By this discourse we understand what Forgivenesse is The Party that forgives sin is our Heavenly Father And it is an act of God not as Law-giver but as Judge yet not of him as Judge according to the law of works given to man at his Creation but according to the law of Redemption Whereas some think that pardon is not the act of a Judge as a Judge they surely meane it of an inferiour Judge bound to passe judgment according to the Law in force Otherwise a Judge Supream and above Law may pardon and as a Judge for Pardon actively considered is a Sentence The reason why a subordinate Judge by Commission cannot pardon is not because he is a Judge but because he is a Judge limited by his Commission which is not essential but accidental to a Judge Yet Absolution which declares a man to be innocent upon Proof may be an Act of an inferiour Jurisdiction But howsoever it be in Humane Courts yet it 's certain that Justification by Faith in Christ opposed in the Scripture to Condemnation is a Sentence according to the Law of Redemption in force Yet in many things it differs from all Humane Judgments and is called Pardon because the party pardoned is guilty and unjust in himself and it 's called Justification because the party pardoned is just in Christ. God onely being the Supream Law-giver and Judge can forgive sin in proper sense yet He may use the Ministery of others in doing this according to that measure of Jurisdiction He shall derive unto them Yet as He never gave either Men or Angels infallible Knowledge to know the secrets of men's hearts not power to inflict or remove Spiritual Judgments so He never gave them Authority abâ—olutely to forgive sin or pronounce Sentence in their own name For it 's onely valid and irrevocable so far as He shall by His own Name make it such Yet this Forgiveness is an Act of God as merciful yet just and as sitting in the Throne of Grace pâ—opitiated by the Bâ—oud of Christ upon a person penitent and believing in Christ and pleading his satisfaction or propitiation in â—is Prayers The Party pardoned is 1. Sinful Man § XII 2. Man confessing his guilt and desert of punishment 3. Hating sin and willing to forsake it 4. Believing 5. Pleading the propitiation of Christ as the onely meritorious cause and the Promise of God in Christ. 6. Ready to forgive others who have offended and wronged him This forgiving others is an act of private Jurisdiction for so the power of a private man to pass by offences done unto himself may be truly called Yet this Pardon cannot free him from the punishment due unto him either by the Law of God or Men if God or Man proceed to Judgment against him By this Petition when we say Forgive us our sins we acknowledge our selves and others for whom we pray to be guilty and by this Confession we accuse our selves as guilty justifie God if He should condemn us magnifie His Mercy if He pardon us It must be made with a bleeding heart and godly sorrow that we have offended so just so holy so good and merciful a Father with great humility and importunity not onely for our selves but others and because we daily sin we must daily pray Lord forgive us our trespasses We must not mention our own merits righteousness good works for all righteousness and merit in our selves must be renounced otherwise we lose the cause And if we from our hearts do not forgive others we plead against our selves and cannot obtain pardon This is the reason why our Saviour so much mentioneth and urgeth the Duty of forgiving others though 77 times a day And if we pray in this due manner Christ will plead and God will pardon and we shall depart justified For the most merciful God propitiated and pressed by Christ's Intercession cannot hide his face long from penitent and believing sinners His Promises to tâ—is purpose are many and firm and He is faithful and just and all of them in Christ are Yea and Amen The second Deprecation § XIII is of sin not yet committed yet so possible that it may be easily committed and there is great danger of it The words are Lead us not into Temptation For because it 's to little purpose to be pardoned and freed from the guilt of sin past if we continually return to sin again and so contract a new guilt therefore our Saviour taught us daily to tender this Petition to our Heavenly Father For if we were in Heaven all former sins pardoned yet if we were not fully freed from the danger of sinning again we could not be fully happy because we could not be fully secur'd in that estate of holiness and bliss God in his abundant mercy in Christ doth not pardon sin-past with any intention to give us liberty to sin again that Grace may abound and that we may make new Work for Mercy When He hath once healed and restored us He saith unto us as Christ did to the impotent man whom He had healed at the Pool of Bethesda Behold thou art made whole Sin no more lest a worse thing come unto thee Joh. 5. 14. For we are delivered out of the hands of all our Enemies to serve him without fear in holiness and righteousness before him all our days Luke 1. 74 75. For as we have engaged our selves so it must be our special care to observe and not
Armour of God use the strength God hath given us take all opportunity to do good avoid the causes and occasions of sin not presume upon our own power humbly rely upon God be patient and continue fighting defend our selves and resist the Enemy unto Death and if we be sometimes worsted and wounded presently renew our Repentance and Faith return unto the Fight again with greater Care and stronger Resolutions make no Truce with the Enemy give him no respight never faint nor intermit the War till Sin be fully and finally subdued in us The words of this Petition do seem to imply that God doth lead us sometimes into temptation and the expression seems strange For God cannot be tempted with evil neither tempteth He any man Jam. 1. 13. Therefore we must understand the words so As 1. In no wise to think that God doth or can move or induce any man to sin for this cannot any ways stand with His purest Holiness nor with His most Holy Law 2. Yet because nothing can be done or come to pass without His Divine Providence either effecting or permitting or ordering therefore God may be said to lead into temptation because He either permits us to be tempted and neither restrains the Tempter nor prevents the Temptation For if a Sparrow fall not to the ground much less is Man tempted without His Will and Providence 3. God doth put a Man in such a condition as wherein He shall be tempted and the condition it self is such as no ways in it self tends unto sin yet through Man's Negligence or Corruption may be a great occasion of Temptation And so He may be said to tempt per accidens An estate of Peace and Wealth is good yet such is the subtilty of Sathan and the corruption of Man that few in that condition but are tempted and overcome 4. God may be said to lead us into temptation when He for some just canses denies us deliverance from and out of the same For desertions denial of assistance strength and a competent Superiour Degree of both are many times just Juâ—gments of God 5. God many times brings his own Children into an estate of Temptation on purpose to try their Faith and excellent Vertues and so gives them a glorious Victory Yet we must know that God necessitates no Man to sin and if in temptation we be overcome it 's not His but our own fault The last Petition is § XVI Deliver us from evil Some understand this as a branch of the former Petition as indeed it may be in some sense For suppose it to be meant of the evil of afflictions yet even these are called Trials and Temptations Jam. 1. 2. and Satan from these takes occasion and sometimes advantage from them to tempt us Job's afflictions as from Sathan were temptations Some understand by that word Evil Sathan that great Enemy and terrible Adversary Some say that that Evil is the evil of Sin as though we should say unto our Heavenly Father Though thou suffer us to be tempted yet deliver us from the evil of temptation which is Sin Yet the evil of Affliction Tribulation Persecution and the Misery of this life is not in it self sin though Satan and wicked men may seek by these to draw us to sin And whether they be punishments according to the fifth Petition for former sins or chastisements and corrections for future Reformation or Trials of our Faith and Patience yet we must pray that God would sanctifie us in them sanctifie them unto us and wholly and for ever deliver us from them seeing God hath promised to wipe away all tears and make all things new For they are not good in themselves though He by His Wisdom turn them to our good But we cannot be fully happy till wholly freed from them After the Preface and the Body of the Prayer wherein our Saviour teacheth us by whom for whom to whom in what manner for what things we must pray and give thanks follows the Conclusion in these words For thine is the Kingdom Power and Glory Concerning these words § XVII divers things are to be noted 1. That as Grotius and divers others have observed they are not found in the most ancient Greek Copies in Matthew as they are not mentioned in Luke 2. Yet they are found in the Arabick Syriack and Vulgar Latine Translations whereupon He conceives those Translations to be made after the Liturgies of the Churches were brought unto a certain Form 3. Some understand these words so as to contain certain Reasons whereupon we ought to press our Petitions before the Throne of Grace and so move Him to give them For His is the Kingdom which they desire to come His Power alone which can effect these things and the granting of them tends unto and will end in His Glory We may observe in the Prayers of the Scripture that God's Saints did urge and press their Petitions upon God'â— Mercy His Justice His Power and Glory His place of Universal Judge His Promise and Covenant the Justice of their Cause the Iniquity and Cruelty of their Enemies their misery and sad condition their joy and comfort which would follow upon their Deliverance their Relation to Him His former Favours and such like And with these they added Solemn Vows of Reformation Praise and Thanksgiving 4. They may be understood as a Doxologie with which the Apostles and the Church did use to conclude their Prayers And hereof we have many Examples especially in the New Testament and in ancient Liturgies following the Scriptures And as the Preface and the words thereof spoken unto God with humble Aâ—oration is a fit Salutation of our Heavenly Father upon our entrance into His Preâ—ence by it to make way for our Prayers so a Doxologie is a very fit Valediction when we have ended our Prayers and depart as it were from His Presence 5. This Doxologie doth agree in general with others in the Scripture but it 's not to distinct and particular as many of them be which offer and ascribe praiâ—e and glory unto God either in the Name of or by Christ as Ephes. 3. 21. or unto Christ 1 Tim. 6. 16. or to God and the Lamb Christ Jesus Revel 5. 13. That Doxologie Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Ghost c. was very agreeable to the Scriptures very ancient the Epitome of all other Doxologies and so a Doxologie that it was a Confession of our Faith in God the Father Son and Holy Ghost This seems to be essential to Prayer and to be either implyed or expressed in every Prayer The word Amen is the Epitome of the Prayer summing up the whole and praying it oveâ— again and repeating our desires jointly in one word and in publike Prayers it 's to be uttered by the people by way of answer not onely to signifie the former act of praying all again in one word but also their consent 1 Cor. 14. 16. And it may be
am â—ought of them that asked not for me and am found of them that sought me not Esay 65. 1. For no man by the light of nature especially so much darkned in man doth ask for God or seek him first God must first seek us before we can seek him As God loved us first and gave Christ for us when we thought of no such thing so he calls us first before we can do so much as call upon him for spirituall mercyes And it was a great mistake in Pelagius to think that if man did any good though but by the power of nature God was bound to reward him and that necessarily For this was his great errour as some tell us So it 's no lesse an errour to assert that there can be in any man meritum ex congruo to deserve the first spirituall rewards The one takes away grace and the freenesse of Gods spiritual mercyes the other preventing-grace Such men as these little know themselves and their condition by nature These meanes of conversion are the Word and the Spirit The word must inform the spirit must reform us For we are both blind impotent We have no spirituall knowledge of Jesus Christ by nature no active power to do so much as effectually desire him The word alone is not sufficient without the spirit the spirit without the word will not ordinarily do any thing The word concerning mans â—in Gods love Christs redemption mans duty as it is an outward revelation written or spoken cannot penetrate the heart of man Something it may teach and something it may move and work upon a man that attends unto it and by naturall reason considers it But this is nothing to purpose Whether God concurs with any measure of his preparing Spirit with the first publishing or making known his word by man to naturall man is hard to determine He may do so if he please and there can be no doubt thereof Yet if he do I think its a speciall if not an extraordinary gratuity But this is certain that man is bound to this duty of hearing and attention to the word first spoken unto him And besides if any man will neglect this duty at the first or to do any thing in this kind which by nature he can do God may justly both deny the Spirit and also take away his word for ever from such a person To alledge in this point that of our Saviour To him that hath it shall be given that is to him that useth that power which he hath God will give him more and reward him is to little purpose For our Blessed Saviour is not to be understood of that power which man hath by nature but of some stock or talent of grace which He his Lord and Master had given him And suppose it were true that to him that doth Quod in se est what he can do more shall be given him Yet 1. No man doth what he can do by nature 2. Nor can do any thing in spirituals without grace 3. Though he should ever answer man in this kind Where do we find that he hath bound himself by promise so to do Men may talk at randome this and that yet the Crosse of Christ was such a doctrin as neither Jew nor Gentile could by nature digest It was to the one a Stumbling block and to the other foolishnesse though some of them might be of exquisite and highly improved naturall parts This doctrin is Gods Wisdome in a mystery and so hidden that it poseth the great wits and profoundest learning of the World and if Paul himself had not preached it in demonstration of the Spirit and power it had taken little effect It 's far above nature God must give man so much of his Spirit as he may see the want of the Spirit before he can pray for the Spirit so as to obtaine it for conversion and consolation The first duty that man being instructed by the word can perform § IV is Hearing the Word Yet there be many kinds of hearing and many degrees thereof neither is any kind of hearing such as upon which faith doth follow For when the Apostle saith That faith is by hearing he intends some special hearing which requires a due preparation of the heart â—ntecedent For when a regenerate person heares the Word with an unprepared heart he shall find little effect neither can man hope for a benefit by the Word when he doth not hear it in due manner A man may heare the Word with attention and he may hear the Word without attention He may heare and forget heare and remember it He may heare and consider with application of it to himself He may heare and neither seriously consider it nor rightly apply it He may heare for knowledge or some other end onely He may hear for practise and reall practise He may hear it as the Word of God or not as the Word of God but of man He may heare it so as to obey the commands and to do the dutyes commanded to avoid the sins prohibited to trust in the mercyes promised to fear the punishments threatned He may hear it as casting away all filthinesse and superfluity of naughtinesse and with a meek heart and he may hear it another way Though notwithstanding the Word may be heard many and severall wayes yet these things are certain 1. That a man is to hear the Word of God according to the best power naturall God hath given him and to proceed so far as a naturall Morall Heathen may do 2. Whether there be any promise of further grace to be given upon this performance or no yet if he neglect to do what he can in this particular its just with God to deny any further grace then that which hath been granted the teaching of the Word 3. That the Word of God ought to be heard as the Word of God 4. That it 's never heard as the Word of God so as to assent to the truth and consent to the practise of it effectually without the power of the Spirit going along with it and carrying it close to the heart 5. One effect if not the first which by the Word God works upon the heart of him that useth the meanes of conversion aright is to make the heart sensible For by nature it 's senslesse stupid stony And this is one promise of God to put a new Spirit within us and to take away the stony heart out of our flesh and give us an heart of flesh Ezek. 36. 26. This is not to give us a new soul but a new quality another disposition of the Soul different from that which we have by nature And even in this work as he maketh use of our senses so he doth of our naturall reason and wit He by illumination and inspiration takes away the blindnesse of the understanding which naturally cannot judge of spirituall things as spirituall represented by the Word and the stupidity of the Will
And they all are either implied or expressed in these words Our Father in Heaven Father signifies his goodnesse in Heaven his greatnesse These two include all his perfections manifested in his word and works For he that will pray to God must conceive of him as mighty and merciful willing and able to hear and help Vasquez and other Schoolemen said well that God as Potens et Liberalis was the Object of Prayer His Might can do any thing his Mercy will do what he can And if we conceive any either unable or if able unwilling to help us we judge it in vain to sollicit them or tender our Petitions to them We must not onely conceive of God as mighty and mercifull but as infinite and eternall in both and also the supreme Lord present in all places at all times and knowing all things even the most secret and in particular with what hearts we pray A Father in Heaven is all this And we may observe in the Scripture-Prayers that God's servants give him in their particular prayers such Titles as are suitable to the matter prayed for As when they desire God to take vengeance of cruel Oppressours and bloody Murderers they give him the Title of God to whom vengeance belongeth Psal. 94. 1 2 3. c. Many such instances may be given From these words also we may observe the qualities required to an effectuall Prayer especially if we joyn with the Preface the Body of the Prayer wherein we have the things prayed for And because we can have little heart to pray when we have no hope to speed we must look at our heavenly Father as promising these mercies And because we have need of all kind of Mercies especially spiritual and eternal we must look at him both as an universal cause of all Mercies especially of the greatest Because we have made our selves unworthy to be heard unworthy to receive any good thing from him we must look at him as propitiated by the blood of Christ and as moved and made willing by his merits to give those things and by his intercession ready not onely to hear us but plenteously to powre down from Heaven his blessings and Graces upon us and to give us all things necessary to our happinesse So that though he many times prevent us with his blessings and gives us more then we ask or can think upon yet we must pray and our prayer must be qualified with knowledge faith humility reverence hope charity a resolution to do his heavenly will hearing him that he may hear us and we must have the Spirit of Adoption whereby we cry Abba Father and may come with boldnesse and confidence before his throne of grace and be instant constant importunate To passe by the distinctions of Prayers § V ejaculatory solemn particular generall publick private mentall vocall in verse or prose extemporary premeditate conceived by our selves or set forms conceived by others 〈◊〉 or in company which I mentioned in the exposition of the second Commandement I proceed unto the body of the Prayer wherein we have the matter of our prayers and the things to be petitioned for And by the way let us take notice that there was no need to give a rule for thanksgiving distinct from that of petition For that which is matter of petition before and when we pray is the matter of thanksgiving when God hath heard our our prayers and granted our desires All things which man can desire of God may be reduced unto one and that is Happinesse which consists in full communion with our God and blessed Saviour Jesus Christ. This happiness may be said to have two parts 1. Enjoyment of all good we are or shall be capable of 2. Freedom from all evill we either suffer or are liable to The good we are capable of is either spirituall or temporall The evill which we suffer or are liable unto is either of Sin or Affliction The evill of Sin is either of sin past whereof we are guilty already or of sin whereof we are in danger for time to come And according to these heads our blessed Saviour in this pattern reduceth in an excellent order all things to be prayed for So that whosoever understands it may see 1. That in a few words a world of matter is conteined There is nothing in all the Prayers recorded in Scripture nothing in all the Prayers of Orthodox Liturgies or Directories nothing needfull to man's full and eternall blisse but here he may find it 2. That all these are reduced into a most excellent and accurate Method This Pattern therefore must needs be from Heaven and it 's above the power of men and Angels to compose the like In it we have 1 Supplication for Blessings 2. Deprecation of evils The Supplication is either for Blessings spirituall in the three first Petitions for temporall in the fourth Deprecation of the evill of Sin past we have in the fifth of Sin to come in the sixth where is added a Deprecation of the evill of Affliction which some make a seventh Petition Before I proceed to the particular explication of these heads I desire the Reader to take notice 1. That a Prayer may be either simple as when one of these onely is the Matter of our Petition or compound when more or all these are the subject of our prayer To this purpose in Books for private devotion and in publick Liturgies as also in the Scripture we have many examples 2. That the whole Pattern is delivered by the Evangelist St. Luke as a direction given to Christ's Disciples to regulate their Prayers In Matthew it 's expressed as a formall Prayer so that if we take up the very words and addresse our selves to God they are properly a Prayer 3. That some upon vain and weak grounds think it unlawfull in these words to pray to God But certainly they are an excellent Prayer if offered with Understanding and Devotion unto God in the Name of Christ glorified and made our Intercessour in Heaven 4. Yet many do idolize this Prayer as though there should be some strange force and power in the very words and it 's a sad thing to think how it 's abused both in publick and private and that by very many who take upon them to use it without Understanding Affection right disposition of heart and the Name of Jesus Christ in which it should be offered Our Blessed Saviour taught us first to supplicate § VI then to deprecate and to supplicate first for spirituall then for temporall blessings The spirituall are three 1. The Hallowing of his Name 2. The Comming of His Kingdome 3. The Doing of His Will And though these seem to tend onely unto Gods glory yet they end in mans benefit and good The first is Hallowed Be Thy Name which may be understood so as to be a Dâ—xologie or a Petition In the former sense they ascribe unto God all glory honour power and Blisse for evermore In the latter