elegant_a description_n the_o author_n give_v the_o subject_n he_o treat_v of_o show_n that_o he_o have_v a_o great_a command_n of_o language_n his_o rhetorical_a expression_n may_v easy_o captivate_v any_o incautious_a reader_n and_o make_v he_o swallow_v down_o for_o truth_n what_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v the_o author_n himself_o from_o the_o sacred_a character_n he_o bear_v design_v only_o for_o a_o philosophical_a romance_n see_v that_o a_o ordinary_a examination_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mechanism_n can_v but_o show_v that_o he_o have_v act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o orator_n much_o better_a than_o he_o have_v do_v that_o of_o a_o philosopher_n for_o in_o reality_n none_o of_o these_o wonderful_a effect_n which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v can_v have_v proceed_v from_o the_o cause_n he_o assign_v and_o to_o demonstrate_v this_o be_v the_o design_n of_o this_o small_a treatise_n in_o which_o i_o will_v not_o inquire_v how_o far_o the_o theory_n be_v agreeable_a to_o holy_a scripture_n that_o be_v a_o work_n already_o do_v by_o other_o who_o i_o presume_v understand_v that_o subject_a better_o than_o i_o do_v neither_o will_v i_o confine_v myself_o to_o follow_v the_o author_n from_o chapter_n to_o chapter_n and_o find_v fault_n with_o every_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o theory_n lest_o it_o shall_v look_v more_o like_a spitefulness_n and_o ill_a nature_n than_o a_o diligent_a search_n after_o truth_n my_o design_n therefore_o be_v to_o choose_v out_o some_o of_o the_o principal_a head_n of_o the_o theory_n and_o have_v show_v they_o to_o be_v false_a and_o disagreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mechanism_n the_o rest_n must_v all_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n of_o course_n chap._n i._n a_o examination_n of_o the_o theorist_n general_a argument_n which_o he_o use_v to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o theory_n in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o chapter_n the_o theorist_n make_v way_n for_o a_o argument_n which_o he_o allege_v in_o his_o seven_o to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o theory_n viz._n that_o all_o other_o way_n for_o the_o explication_n of_o noah_n flood_n be_v false_a and_o impossible_a and_o that_o he_o have_v give_v the_o only_a possible_a and_o consistent_a idea_n of_o a_o universal_a flood_n and_o therefore_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o way_n he_o have_v assign_v and_o no_o other_o this_o argument_n we_o see_v be_v found_v upon_o two_o proposition_n 1_o sy_n that_o no_o other_o way_n be_v possible_a and_o 2_o dly_a that_o his_o own_o theory_n be_v a_o intelligible_a and_o consistent_a explication_n of_o the_o universal_a flood_n this_o last_o proposition_n i_o intend_v to_o examine_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n and_o the_o first_o in_o this_o the_o theorist_n to_o prove_v all_o the_o common_a way_n of_o explicate_v the_o universal_a deluge_n false_a and_o impossible_a calculate_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n and_o find_v that_o no_o less_o than_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n can_v be_v sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o work_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o such_o a_o stock_n of_o water_n can_v neither_o come_v from_o the_o sea_n the_o rain_n or_o subterraneous_a cavern_n &_o channel_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v no_o such_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o nature_n as_o will_v be_v requisite_a for_o such_o a_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o deluge_n from_o these_o cause_n be_v impossible_a neither_o will_v he_o allow_v any_o supercelestial_a water_n to_o make_v up_o the_o eight_o ocean_n necessary_a for_o the_o deluge_n for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o water_n the_o heaven_n above_o where_o they_o lay_v must_v be_v either_o solid_a or_o fluid_a if_o solid_a as_o glass_n or_o crystal_n how_o can_v the_o water_n get_v through_o they_o to_o descend_v upon_o the_o earth_n if_o fluid_a as_o the_o air_n or_o aether_n how_o can_v the_o water_n rest_n upon_o they_o it_o be_v heavy_a than_o air_n but_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o water_n be_v bring_v down_o from_o this_o imaginary_a region_n to_o drown_v the_o world_n in_o that_o vast_a quantity_n that_o will_v be_v necessary_a what_o become_v of_o they_o when_o the_o deluge_n cease_v it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a task_n to_o lift_v seven_o or_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n up_o among_o the_o sphere_n and_o there_o be_v no_o room_n for_o they_o here_o below_o thus_o the_o theorist_n think_v that_o the_o vulgar_a make_v the_o deluge_n impossible_a and_o unintelligible_a upon_o a_o double_a account_n both_o in_o require_v more_o water_n than_o can_v be_v find_v and_o more_o if_o find_v than_o can_v be_v dispose_v of_o this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o theorist_n argument_n why_o all_o other_o method_n and_o explication_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v false_a and_o impossible_a which_o i_o have_v here_o relate_v because_o i_o think_v it_o a_o evident_a demonstration_n of_o the_o impossibility_n of_o all_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a explication_n of_o the_o deluge_n whatsoever_o even_o his_o own_v not_o except_v as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o due_a place_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o nature_n not_o assist_v with_o extraordinary_a divine_a power_n to_o bring_v so_o much_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o it_o be_v once_o bring_v it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o move_v it_o but_o all_o this_o do_v no_o way_n prove_v that_o the_o deluge_n may_v not_o have_v be_v bring_v upon_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o almighty_a power_n of_o god_n can_v he_o bring_v out_o the_o water_n from_o the_o deep_a or_o the_o abyss_n as_o from_o a_o storehouse_n and_o sustain_v they_o from_o run_v down_o again_o with_o the_o same_o ease_n he_o make_v the_o water_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n stand_v on_o a_o heap_n while_o the_o israelite_n pass_v through_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n too_o hard_o for_o the_o almighty_a to_o perform_v may_v not_o he_o if_o there_o be_v not_o enough_o in_o the_o abyss_n bring_v water_n on_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o heaven_n above_o which_o may_v have_v be_v there_o from_o the_o creation_n notwithstanding_o the_o theorist_n question_n how_o can_v they_o rest_v there_o since_o the_o same_o power_n may_v keep_v they_o in_o their_o place_n that_o detain_v the_o moon_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o planet_n in_o their_o orbit_n and_o perhaps_o from_o some_o of_o these_o or_o from_o other_o place_n best_o know_v to_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n some_o of_o this_o water_n be_v bring_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o afterward_o remove_v by_o the_o omnipotent_a hand_n of_o god_n who_o only_o work_v great_a wonder_n be_v not_o this_o a_o much_o easy_a and_o short_a account_n of_o the_o deluge_n than_o the_o theorist_n which_o be_v build_v upon_o false_a and_o precarious_a principle_n inconsequential_a conclusion_n which_o after_o all_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v the_o desire_a effect_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o theorist_n be_v not_o very_o willing_a to_o acknowledge_v that_o god_n almighty_n have_v any_o hand_n in_o that_o great_a catastrophe_n of_o the_o world_n though_o it_o be_v plain_o tell_v we_o in_o scripture_n that_o he_o be_v the_o immediate_a author_n thereof_o gen._n 6.17_o behold_v say_v god_n i_o even_o i_o do_v bring_v a_o flood_n of_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o acknowledge_v the_o universal_a deluge_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v miraculous_a as_o well_o as_o the_o destruction_n of_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n be_v by_o rain_v of_o fire_n and_o brimstone_n since_o they_o be_v both_o send_v as_o punishment_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o man_n neither_o of_o which_o without_o doubt_n have_v ever_o happen_v if_o man_n have_v continue_v in_o the_o state_n of_o innocence_n the_o scripture_n give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o several_a miracle_n wrought_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o omnipotence_n upon_o occasion_n which_o do_v not_o so_o necessary_o require_v they_o why_o ought_v we_o then_o to_o deny_v this_o universal_a destruction_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v miraculous_a miracle_n be_v the_o great_a &_o wonderful_a work_n of_o god_n by_o which_o he_o show_v his_o dominion_n and_o power_n and_o that_o his_o kingdom_n reach_v over_o all_o even_o nature_n herself_o and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o confine_v himself_o to_o the_o ordinary_a method_n of_o act_v but_o can_v alter_v they_o according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n be_v not_o they_o give_v we_o to_o convince_v we_o of_o the_o sacred_a truth_n contain_v in_o holy_a scripture_n be_v it_o not_o by_o the_o demonstrative_a force_n of_o miracle_n that_o moses_n and_o the_o apostle_n prove_v their_o divine_a mission_n beyond_o all_o that_o other_o framer_n of_o religion_n can_v pretend_v to_o and_o though_o our_o holy_a faith_n
and_o consequent_o the_o one_o will_v descend_v when_o the_o other_o can_v as_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o sphere_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v put_v into_o a_o oily_a fluid_n who_o resistance_n be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n in_o the_o descend_a body_n there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o former_a will_v swim_v in_o the_o latter_a now_o if_o another_o sphere_n of_o two_o inch_n diameter_n and_o of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o fluid_a in_o gravity_n or_o force_n by_o which_o it_o will_v separate_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o fluid_a will_v be_v eight_o time_n great_a than_o the_o descend_a force_n of_o the_o former_a sphere_n and_o if_o in_o resistance_n be_v also_o eight_o time_n great_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o also_o can_v not_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n be_v always_o as_o i_o note_v before_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o descend_a body_n be_v only_o in_o the_o present_a case_n four_o time_n great_a which_o will_v not_o equal_v the_o force_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o therefore_o the_o sphere_n must_v descend_v so_o in_o our_o present_a case_n though_o some_o small_a grain_n of_o dust_n or_o earth_n may_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o oil_n yet_o these_o when_o increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o great_a many_o other_o which_o fall_v upon_o they_o augment_v their_o weight_n the_o same_o resistance_n continue_v and_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n beside_o this_o the_o earthy_a particle_n fall_v from_o a_o great_a height_n some_o of_o they_o descend_v from_o place_n as_o high_a as_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o theorist_n will_v have_v they_o must_v needs_o in_o their_o descent_n â—â—â—â—ire_v a_o very_a considerable_a degree_n of_o velocity_n with_o which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n they_o will_v not_o only_o by_o that_o force_n descend_v themselves_o but_o also_o carry_v down_o with_o they_o and_o condense_a whatsoever_o body_n they_o meet_v in_o their_o way_n or_o find_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n now_o that_o the_o force_n of_o a_o descend_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o perform_v this_o effect_n i_o think_v be_v clear_a to_o any_o who_o consider_v that_o a_o heavy_a body_n run_v down_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o a_o second_o and_o that_o the_o space_n through_o which_o it_o do_v move_v be_v always_o in_o duplicate_v proportion_n to_o its_o time_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o galileo_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o riscioli_n from_o whence_o by_o calculation_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o a_o body_n will_v run_v down_o four_o thousand_o mile_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o three_o second_n abstract_v from_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n but_o if_o we_o will_v suppose_v but_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o this_o space_n run_v through_o in_o that_o time_n allow_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o velocity_n will_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o swift_a bullet_n that_o can_v be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o cannon_n thus_o i_o think_v i_o have_v make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o particle_n of_o earth_n after_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n can_v not_o rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n to_o form_v there_o a_o harden_a habitable_a 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o great_a gravity_n which_o the_o theorist_n acknowledge_v and_o be_v also_o plain_a by_o experience_n common_a earth_n be_v near_o twice_o as_o heavy_a as_o water_n but_o also_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o great_a force_n by_o which_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v upon_o the_o liquid_a orb_n which_o will_v carry_v they_o down_o towards_o the_o centre_n i_o hope_v now_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o think_v man_n plain_o impossible_a that_o either_o oil_n or_o water_n shall_v sustain_v such_o a_o immense_a heavy_a orb_n in_o which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o soft_a earth_n which_o in_o few_o place_n in_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o also_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o stone_n and_o mineral_n much_o heavy_a than_o water_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o great_a heavy_a body_n must_v have_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n if_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o themselves_o and_o yet_o these_o body_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o outward_a earth_n i_o know_v the_o theorist_n do_v bold_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n but_o this_o be_v both_o contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o scripture_n for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n tell_v we_o that_o tuhal_v cain_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v a_o instructor_n of_o every_o artificer_n in_o brass_n and_o iron_n and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o there_o can_v be_v such_o artificer_n before_o the_o flood_n when_o according_a to_o he_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v as_o metal_n beside_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a to_o build_v a_o ark_n that_o shall_v contain_v all_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o aerial_a animal_n without_o iron_n the_o american_n without_o any_o iron_n make_v themselves_o small_a cannoe_n of_o one_o solid_a piece_n of_o timber_n which_o they_o hollow_v by_o burn_v but_o it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a tree_n that_o be_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o ark_n and_o can_v contain_v so_o many_o animal_n as_o it_o do_v these_o thing_n do_v in_o my_o judgement_n plain_o show_v that_o the_o theorist_n opinion_n in_o this_o point_n be_v utter_o false_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d can_v never_o be_v deduce_v from_o a_o chaos_n by_o the_o sole_a help_n of_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o have_v eye_n though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o wise_a philosopher_n of_o another_o opinion_n that_o the_o land_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n and_o it_o be_v also_o plain_o experience_v that_o common_a arable_a earth_n or_o clay_n be_v much_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o if_o we_o descend_v into_o the_o mine_n or_o pit_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o matter_n there_o to_o be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o earth_n above_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o in_o a_o chaos_n the_o true_a change_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n be_v that_o if_o all_o be_v fluid_a the_o heavy_a &_o solid_a body_n will_v subside_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o centre_n every_o one_o take_v place_n according_a to_o the_o specific_a gravity_n so_o that_o the_o light_a body_n will_v always_o be_v force_v uppermost_o the_o earth_n therefore_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n must_v of_o necessary_a place_n itself_o nigh_o the_o centre_n and_o leave_v the_o water_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a orb._n thus_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o world_n can_v never_o be_v inhabit_v by_o any_o other_o animal_n than_o fish_n but_o in_o how_o much_o wise_a order_n than_o this_o have_v the_o great_a creator_n of_o the_o world_n place_v all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a gravity_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n and_o thereby_o make_v fit_a and_o habitable_a both_o for_o man_n and_o beast_n without_o the_o help_n of_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n which_o will_v have_v produce_v the_o contrary_a effect_n several_a other_o argument_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fâ—â—me_n of_o this_o world_n be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o counsel_n and_o not_o of_o the_o necessary_a and_o essential_a law_n of_o motion_n and_o gravitation_n which_o can_v never_o have_v either_o make_v or_o support_v the_o world_n i_o always_o wonder_v at_o the_o wild_a and_o extravagant_a fancy_n of_o the_o philosopher_n who_o think_v that_o brute_n and_o stupid_a matter_n will_v by_o itself_o without_o some_o supreme_a and_o intelligent_a director_n fall_v into_o a_o regular_a and_o beautiful_a structure_n who_o part_n shall_v be_v so_o extreme_o well_o adapt_v to_o various_a use_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o contrivance_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o 10_o the_o chap._n lib._n 2._o in_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n say_v he_o there_o be_v more_o of_o thought_n and_o contrivance_n more_o of_o exquisite_a invention_n and_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n than_o be_v in_o all_o the_o temple_n palace_n ship_n theater_n or_o any_o other_o piece_n of_o architecture_n the_o world_n ever_o yet_o see_v and_o not_o architecture_n only_o but_o all_o other_o mechanism_n whatsoever_o engine_n
contrivance_n that_o they_o demonstrate_v to_o we_o the_o admirable_a wisdom_n of_o their_o great_a maker_n who_o have_v thus_o form_v they_o for_o so_o necessary_a end_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a water_n without_o doubt_n will_v stagnate_n and_o stink_n for_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o water_n to_o run_v where_o there_o be_v no_o rise_a ground_n no_o upper_a land_n from_o which_o it_o be_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o low_a and_o even_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o know_v the_o theorist_n think_v that_o he_o have_v clear_o solve_v that_o great_a difficulty_n by_o the_o oval_a figure_n of_o his_o antediluvian_n earth_n in_o which_o he_o fancy_v that_o river_n will_v run_v notwithstanding_o the_o earth_n regular_a and_o even_a surface_n but_o when_o i_o come_v to_o discuss_v that_o point_n i_o will_v show_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o nor_o ever_o have_v any_o such_o oval_a figure_n as_o he_o suppose_v and_o upon_o supposition_n it_o have_v 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calculate_v that_o it_o will_v at_o least_o require_v eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o raise_v the_o water_n to_o a_o height_n that_o will_v be_v requisite_a for_o drown_v of_o the_o world_n now_o there_o be_v but_o one_o ocean_n of_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o any_o however_o violent_a agitation_n and_o force_n by_o which_o the_o water_n be_v drive_v upward_o shall_v multiply_v this_o one_o ocean_n of_o water_n into_o eight_o ocean_n this_o i_o be_o sure_a be_v a_o thing_n as_o impossible_a for_o he_o to_o explain_v as_o it_o be_v for_o i_o to_o believe_v it_o be_v plain_a indeed_o that_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n especial_o if_o there_o be_v any_o considerable_a distance_n between_o the_o abyss_n and_o it_o will_v raise_v the_o water_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n and_o will_v in_o some_o place_n produce_v a_o partial_a deluge_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v 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to_o these_o rule_n be_v first_o the_o origination_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o a_o chaos_n which_o as_o it_o be_v deliver_v down_o to_o we_o by_o moses_n must_v be_v undoubted_o own_v by_o those_o who_o acknowledge_v the_o divine_a inspiration_n of_o that_o writer_n but_o as_o the_o theorist_n method_n of_o form_v the_o world_n be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o mosaic_a history_n so_o i_o think_v i_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v repugnant_a also_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o gravitation_n which_o by_o his_o method_n can_v never_o have_v produce_v any_o habitable_a world_n 2_o dly_z the_o form_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n world_n which_o the_o theorist_n say_v be_v smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a without_o mountain_n and_o without_o a_o sea_n this_o he_o assert_n to_o be_v a_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o its_o rise_n from_o a_o chaos_n but_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o necessary_a that_o a_o earth_n arise_v from_o a_o chaos_n shall_v be_v uniform_a and_o smooth_a as_o he_o suppose_v i_o have_v also_o show_v the_o great_a use_n of_o mountain_n and_o how_o necessary_a they_o be_v for_o our_o subsistence_n in_o the_o present_a earth_n and_o that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v place_v here_o without_o design_n as_o the_o theorist_n imagine_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n in_o nature_n that_o show_v more_o of_o wisdom_n and_o contrivance_n than_o they_o do_v be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o furnish_n and_o maintain_v river_n with_o fresh_a water_n which_o be_v a_o demonstration_n that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v in_o we_o 3_o dly_z the_o right_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n which_o i_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v excellent_a and_o fit_v for_o a_o paradisiacal_a world_n that_o it_o will_v make_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o habitable_a i_o have_v also_o inquire_v into_o the_o great_a advantage_n we_o reap_v from_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n which_o be_v by_o far_o preferable_a to_o any_o other_o especial_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a position_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a 4_o thly_a the_o method_n the_o theorist_n have_v find_v out_o to_o form_v the_o antediluvian_n river_n when_o there_o be_v no_o sea_n to_o furnish_v they_o with_o water_n or_o any_o channel_n or_o ocean_n to_o receive_v they_o this_o i_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v impossible_a on_o several_a account_n since_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v never_o bring_v up_o so_o much_o vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n as_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o furnish_v all_o the_o river_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o water_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o vapour_n be_v draw_v
from_o the_o abyss_n in_o place_n near_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o he_o suppose_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o shall_v ever_o reach_v the_o pole_n there_o to_o form_v the_o spring_n from_o which_o the_o river_n be_v to_o run_v or_o if_o vapour_n be_v once_o bring_v to_o the_o pole_n by_o whatever_o cause_n we_o can_v imagine_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v ever_o run_v back_o from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la since_o according_a to_o he_o the_o earth_n be_v perfect_o smooth_a and_o uniform_a without_o any_o upper_a ground_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n be_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n 5_o thly_a the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o theorist_n right_o affirm_v not_o to_o have_v be_v exact_o spherical_a because_o at_o the_o commencement_n of_o the_o diurnal_a rotation_n it_o be_v fluid_a all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o as_o he_o have_v guess_v that_o it_o do_v settle_v into_o a_o oblong_a spheroidical_a or_o oval_a figure_n on_o no_o other_o account_n that_o i_o know_v of_o but_o because_o he_o think_v such_o a_o one_o will_v best_o answer_v his_o design_n so_o i_o think_v i_o have_v clear_o enough_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v form_v itself_o into_o a_o quite_o contrary_a figure_n who_o axis_n be_v short_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o observation_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v real_o of_o such_o a_o figure_n 6_o thly_a the_o cause_v the_o theorist_n have_v assign_v for_o the_o break_n of_o the_o outward_a crust_n which_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o i_o have_v clear_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o cause_n altogether_o insufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n since_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v never_o reach_v so_o far_o into_o so_o thick_a a_o crust_n as_o to_o be_v great_a enough_o to_o raise_v water_n into_o vapour_n but_o last_o grant_v the_o crust_n to_o have_v be_v break_v and_o to_o have_v fall_v down_o into_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o the_o theorist_n own_o principle_n that_o there_o can_v follow_v no_o universal_a deluge_n there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n throughout_o the_o whole_a examination_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o theorist_n advice_n and_o have_v consider_v only_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o theory_n without_o make_v any_o excursion_n upon_o thing_n that_o be_v accidental_a and_o collateral_a which_o as_o he_o say_v do_v not_o destroy_v his_o hypothesis_n these_o be_v the_o main_a foundation_n on_o which_o his_o theory_n be_v build_v and_o since_o i_o have_v prove_v they_o all_o to_o be_v not_o only_o precarious_a but_o impossible_a his_o whole_a hypothesis_n must_v fall_v with_o they_o perhaps_o many_o of_o his_o reader_n will_v be_v sorry_a to_o be_v undeceive_v for_o as_o i_o believe_v never_o any_o book_n be_v full_a of_o error_n and_o mistake_v in_o philosophy_n so_o none_o ever_o abound_v with_o more_o beautiful_a scene_n and_o surprise_a image_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o write_v only_o to_o those_o who_o may_v perhaps_o expect_v to_o find_v a_o true_a philosophy_n in_o it_o they_o who_o read_v it_o as_o a_o ingenious_a romance_n will_v still_o be_v please_v with_o their_o entertainment_n finis_fw-la some_o remarke_n on_o m_n r._n whiston_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o i_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o true_a and_o mechanical_a account_n of_o that_o great_a deluge_n of_o water_n which_o once_o overflow_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n it_o be_v a_o work_n not_o to_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o extraordinary_a contrivance_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n yet_o i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o mr._n whiston_n the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o this_o new_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v make_v great_a discovery_n and_o proceed_v on_o more_o philosophical_a principle_n than_o all_o the_o theorist_n before_o he_o have_v do_v in_o his_o theory_n there_o be_v some_o very_a strange_a co-incident_n which_o make_v it_o indeed_o probable_a that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n pass_v by_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v surprise_v to_o observe_v the_o exact_a correspondence_n between_o the_o lunar_a and_o solar_a year_n upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o a_o circular_a orbit_n in_o which_o the_o earth_n move_v before_o the_o deluge_n it_o can_v but_o raise_v admiration_n in_o we_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v in_o its_o perihelion_n which_o will_v be_v the_o necessary_a effect_n of_o a_o comet_n that_o pass_v by_o at_o that_o time_n in_o draw_v it_o from_o a_o circular_a to_o a_o elliptical_a orbit_n this_o together_o with_o the_o consideration_n that_o the_o moon_n be_v exact_o in_o such_o a_o place_n of_o its_o orbit_n at_o that_o time_n as_o equal_o attract_v with_o the_o earth_n when_o the_o comet_n pass_v by_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a convince_a argument_n that_o a_o comet_n real_o come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n on_o the_o day_n the_o deluge_n begin_v but_o notwithstanding_o this_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v evident_a by_o the_o follow_a consideration_n that_o a_o comet_n can_v never_o have_v produce_v those_o various_a effect_n that_o mr._n whiston_n have_v attribute_v to_o it_o and_o it_o will_v also_o further_o appear_v that_o the_o deluge_n be_v the_o immediate_a work_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n and_o that_o no_o secondary_a cause_n without_o the_o interposition_n of_o omnipotence_n can_v have_v bring_v such_o a_o effect_n to_o pass_v but_o first_o i_o will_v make_v some_o remark_n on_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o method_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v it_o be_v form_v mr._n whiston_n first_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o the_o ancient_a chaos_n the_o origin_n of_o our_o earth_n be_v the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n but_o this_o supposition_n though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v it_o by_o several_a argument_n do_v not_o seem_v probable_a for_o the_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o scripture_n represent_v the_o primitive_a ancient_a chaos_n as_o a_o very_a dark_a and_o obscure_a body_n for_o they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o that_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o next_o verse_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v light_n upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n which_o be_v a_o clear_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v none_o before_o that_o time_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a chaos_n be_v original_o a_o dark_a and_o confuse_a heap_n of_o body_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v make_v any_o observation_n about_o comet_n that_o their_o atmosphere_n be_v very_o bright_a and_o luminous_a fluid_n through_o which_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n diffuse_v themselves_o very_o free_o and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v again_o reflect_v back_o to_o we_o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v their_o pellucidness_n and_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o light_n which_o pass_v through_o they_o without_o reflection_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o they_o shall_v appear_v so_o lucid_a to_o our_o eye_n nor_o do_v i_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o find_v among_o all_o the_o pellucid_a body_n of_o our_o earth_n any_o one_o which_o be_v place_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o we_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o comet_n be_v will_v appear_v so_o bright_a or_o reflect_v the_o light_n so_o strong_o as_o they_o do_v for_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o diaphanous_a body_n be_v not_o so_o luminous_a nor_o do_v they_o reflect_v light_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o it_o be_v reflect_v from_o opake_v body_n it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o the_o light_n by_o which_o we_o perceive_v a_o comet_n be_v only_o reflect_v from_o the_o top_n of_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o body_n of_o it_o to_o illuminate_v all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v therefore_o involve_v in_o thick_a darkness_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o light_n pass_v clear_o through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o illuminate_v the_o central_a solid_a which_o strong_o reflect_v the_o light_n to_o we_o back_o again_o i_o know_v mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o this_o great_a darkness_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n proceed_v from_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o vast_a dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_a or_o large_a abyss_n which_o he_o say_v encompass_v the_o central_a solid_a and_o be_v itself_o cover_v over_o
reason_n that_o i_o can_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v mr._n whistons_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o diurnal_a rotation_n before_o the_o fall_n to_o be_v probable_a it_o seem_v to_o be_v far_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o philosophy_n that_o the_o earth_n receive_v both_o its_o annual_a and_o diurnal_a motion_n at_o the_o same_o time_n viz._n when_o it_o be_v first_o create_v these_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principle_n remark_n that_o i_o have_v make_v on_o the_o original_a state_n and_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v now_o brief_o consider_v his_o theory_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o be_v in_o short_a thus_o he_o suppose_v that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o comet_n when_o it_o come_v below_o the_o moon_n will_v raise_v a_o vast_a and_o strong_a tide_n both_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n and_o in_o the_o abyss_n which_o be_v under_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o moon_n do_v at_o present_a in_o the_o ocean_n that_o this_o tide_n will_v begin_v to_o rise_v and_o increase_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o comet_n &_o will_v be_v at_o its_o great_a height_n when_o the_o comet_n be_v at_o its_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o tide_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o abyss_n will_v put_v on_o a_o elliptic_a or_o rather_o a_o exact_o oval_a figure_n who_o surface_n be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a spherical_a one_o the_o exterior_a crust_n of_o earth_n which_o lie_v upon_o it_o must_v conform_v itself_o to_o the_o same_o figure_n which_o it_o can_v not_o do_v as_o long_o as_o it_o remain_v solid_a and_o conjoin_v and_o therefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n by_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o the_o tide_n be_v stretch_v and_o break_v and_o have_v innumerable_a fissure_v make_v quite_o through_o it_o after_o this_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o comet_n in_o its_o descent_n towards_o the_o sun_n pass_v close_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n involve_v it_o in_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o tail_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n and_o leave_v prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v very_o much_o rarify_v after_o their_o primary_n fall_v will_v be_v immediate_o draw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n again_o and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o will_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_n mention_v in_o scripture_n the_o other_o great_a rain_n which_o together_o with_o the_o former_a last_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n be_v occasion_v as_o he_o think_v by_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o comet_n tail_n from_o which_o and_o from_o its_o atmosphere_n he_o derive_v one_o half_a of_o the_o water_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o deluge_n the_o other_o half_o he_o suppose_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o fluid_a whereof_o he_o say_v be_v force_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o vast_a and_o prodigious_a pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n atmosphere_n and_o tail_n which_o he_o suppose_v will_v press_v downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v the_o outward_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n by_o which_o vast_a quantity_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n will_v be_v force_v and_o raise_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o crust_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n by_o these_o method_n mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v water_n enough_o bring_v on_o the_o surface_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n for_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o three_o mile_n that_o be_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n but_o he_o further_o suppose_v that_o neither_o that_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n nor_o that_o which_o be_v force_v up_o from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v pure_a elementary_a water_n but_o rather_o a_o thick_a and_o muddy_a fluid_n which_o he_o say_v be_v heavy_a than_o water_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o the_o depth_n of_o 166_o foot_n after_o have_v thus_o form_v the_o deluge_n his_o next_o great_a work_n be_v to_o remove_v these_o water_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o a_o wind_n which_o dry_v up_o some_o and_o force_v the_o rest_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n in_o which_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v be_v before_o and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v derive_v these_o be_v the_o supposition_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n pretend_v to_o account_v for_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o though_o i_o can_v easy_o allow_v the_o first_o hypothesis_n to_o be_v true_a viz._n that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n since_o its_o approach_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o only_o make_v possible_a but_o also_o very_o probable_a by_o he_o yet_o i_o can_v admit_v of_o the_o particular_a explication_n he_o have_v give_v of_o several_a of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o as_o he_o have_v explain_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o way_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mechanic_n and_o philosophy_n for_o first_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o comet_n when_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n will_v raise_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o prodigious_a tide_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n yet_o i_o can_v perceive_v that_o such_o a_o effect_n will_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o abyss_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_n encompass_v on_o all_o side_n with_o a_o thick_a and_o solid_a crust_n of_o earth_n lie_v close_o upon_o it_o for_o tide_n be_v only_o a_o violent_a swell_a and_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n produce_v by_o the_o attraction_n of_o some_o great_a body_n that_o come_v near_o they_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o water_n be_v every_o where_o shut_v up_o within_o a_o solid_a orb_n lie_v on_o they_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o room_n or_o space_n leave_v for_o they_o to_o move_v in_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o tide_n or_o agitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o they_o will_v remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o before_o nor_o can_v they_o press_v strong_a on_o that_o orb_n which_o enclose_v they_o than_o sand_n gravel_n or_o any_o other_o firm_a and_o hard_a body_n will_v do_v that_o can_v fill_v their_o place_n all_o body_n whether_o firm_a or_o fluid_a be_v equal_o attract_v when_o the_o attract_v body_n be_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o they_o this_o be_v then_o the_o true_a case_n of_o the_o abyss_n which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v to_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o thick_a solid_a and_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o press_v so_o close_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o leave_v no_o void_a space_n at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o will_v make_v room_n enough_o for_o any_o considerable_a commotion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o because_o fluid_n be_v not_o more_o attract_v than_o solid_n be_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o tide_n of_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n there_o can_v never_o be_v produce_v any_o great_a effect_n on_o the_o crust_n which_o encompass_v the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n than_o if_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v consist_v of_o firm_a and_o solid_a matter_n without_o any_o abyss_n it_o be_v certain_a therefore_o that_o since_o there_o be_v no_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n there_o can_v be_v no_o crack_n and_o fissure_v make_v in_o the_o earth_n by_o it_o to_o explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n mr._n whiston_n assume_v a_o proposition_n which_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v hardly_o prove_v viz._n that_o after_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v in_o the_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n and_o tail_n and_o have_v acquire_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n that_o fall_v on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v much_o rarify_v will_v be_v draw_v up_o again_o into_o the_o air_n and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v
the_o incredible_a velocity_n with_o which_o these_o vapour_n descend_v which_o mr._n whiston_n calculate_v to_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o descend_v eight_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o eight_o mile_n in_o a_o minute_n and_o the_o great_a resistance_n they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o air_n and_o the_o force_n by_o which_o they_o fall_v on_o the_o ground_n we_o must_v necessary_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o must_v have_v be_v condense_v and_o turn_v into_o water_n by_o such_o a_o resistance_n and_o fall_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o when_o vapour_n fall_v they_o must_v meet_v with_o a_o great_a check_n and_o resistance_n from_o the_o air_n by_o which_o their_o part_n will_v be_v press_v close_o together_o and_o as_o their_o velocity_n increase_v so_o will_v the_o resistance_n and_o their_o density_n till_o at_o last_o their_o part_n come_v to_o be_v as_o close_o unite_v as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o then_o they_o will_v fall_v in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n when_o it_o rain_v for_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v that_o rain_n drop_v have_v the_o same_o form_n and_o density_n in_o the_o cloud_n with_o which_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o ground_n for_o water_n be_v of_o a_o great_a intensive_a gravity_n than_o air_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v sustain_v in_o it_o but_o when_o it_o be_v expanded_a into_o vapour_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o observation_n on_o the_o barescope_n that_o whenever_o the_o vapour_n begin_v to_o descend_v the_o air_n be_v light_a than_o it_o be_v before_o it_o therefore_o not_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v they_o they_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o in_o their_o way_n they_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a resistance_n and_o check_v from_o the_o air_n and_o so_o must_v necessary_o be_v condense_v and_o fall_v in_o drop_n of_o water_n on_o the_o ground_n and_o since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v always_o as_o the_o square_n of_o the_o velocity_n with_o which_o the_o body_n move_v through_o it_o and_o because_o the_o velocity_n of_o vapour_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o comet_n to_o the_o earth_n must_v have_v be_v according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n some_o thousand_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o velocity_n with_o which_o common_a vapour_n or_o rain_n descend_v it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o resistance_n the_o vapour_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n meet_v with_o be_v some_o million_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o resistance_n of_o common_a vapour_n when_o it_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n of_o common_a vapour_n when_o it_o descend_v be_v great_a enough_o to_o condense_a it_o into_o water_n it_o be_v evident_a therefore_o that_o all_o such_o vapour_n as_o descend_v from_o the_o comet_n must_v have_v be_v of_o necessity_n condense_v into_o water_n long_o before_o they_o ever_o touch_v the_o earth_n see_v then_o they_o descend_v on_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n and_o see_v there_o be_v no_o sufficient_a cause_n that_o can_v immediate_o raise_v and_o mount_v they_o up_o again_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o be_v great_a enough_o for_o such_o a_o effect_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o can_v never_o rise_v up_o again_o to_o produce_v the_o forty_o day_n rain_v mention_v in_o scripture_n mr._n whiston_n have_v as_o he_o imagine_v explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n do_v in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o show_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n be_v force_v up_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o become_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o universal_a flood_n this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n that_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o comet_n which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a weight_n will_v press_v the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v it_o deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n by_o this_o pressure_n the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n will_v be_v force_v upward_o through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v new_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o endeavour_v to_o illustrate_v this_o method_n of_o operation_n by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o stone_n or_o marble_n cylinder_n exact_o fit_v to_o a_o hollow_a cylindrical_a vessel_n that_o it_o may_v just_o ascend_v or_o descend_v free_o within_o it_o he_o suppose_v the_o stone_n cylinder_n to_o have_v hole_n bore_v in_o it_o quite_o through_o parallel_n to_o its_o axis_n and_o let_v down_o in_o the_o hollow_a cylinder_n which_o be_v half_a full_a of_o water_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o water_n then_o if_o each_o of_o the_o hole_n be_v fill_v with_o oil_n or_o some_o other_o fluid_a light_a than_o water_n he_o say_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cylinder_n press_v on_o the_o water_n will_v squeeze_v the_o oil_n on_o its_o surface_n through_o the_o hole_n and_o throw_v it_o out_o with_o some_o violence_n and_o this_o will_v be_v a_o just_a representation_n of_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v but_o one_o possible_a case_n wherein_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n can_v sink_v the_o crust_n deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n and_o that_o be_v if_o the_o water_n which_o lay_v on_o the_o surface_n can_v not_o descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o though_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v they_o from_o descend_v yet_o if_o i_o shall_v suppose_v that_o they_o do_v not_o i_o can_v evident_o prove_v by_o calculation_n that_o such_o a_o pressure_n can_v never_o raise_v the_o abyss_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o i_o assume_v the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n to_o have_v be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o whole_a crust_n though_o doubtless_o this_o be_v much_o great_a than_o in_o reality_n it_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o have_v be_v and_o because_o according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n the_o column_n of_o which_o the_o crust_n be_v compose_v be_v about_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o common_a water_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o column_n of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o crust_n who_o base_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o base_a of_o the_o incumbent_a column_n of_o water_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o its_o height_n will_v weigh_v as_o much_o or_o press_v the_o crust_n as_o much_o downward_o as_o the_o whole_a column_n of_o water_n can_v do_v but_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o whole_a crust_n the_o height_n of_o the_o additional_a column_n that_o weigh_v as_o much_o as_o the_o water_n must_v be_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o crust_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o height_n or_o thickness_n of_o the_o crust_n before_o the_o additional_a column_n be_v lay_v on_o be_v to_o its_o thickness_n after_o the_o additional_a column_n be_v lay_v on_o as_o 40_o be_v to_o 41._o the_o whole_a problem_n than_o be_v plain_o reduce_v to_o this_o have_v two_o cylinder_n or_o column_n of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n but_o of_o different_a height_n that_o swim_v in_o any_o fluid_fw-la to_o find_v what_o proportion_n the_o part_n or_o height_n immerge_v bear_v to_o one_o another_o by_o a_o know_a proposition_n in_o hydrostaticks_n the_o part_n immerge_v of_o each_o cylinder_n bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a cylinder_n that_o the_o intensive_a gravity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n bear_n to_o the_o intensive_a gravity_n of_o the_o fluid_a from_o thence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o part_n immerge_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n that_o their_o respective_a whole_a cylinder_n have_v to_o one_o another_o which_o in_o the_o present_a case_n be_v as_o forty_o to_o forty_o one_o by_o this_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o additional_a weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v not_o sink_v the_o crust_n above_o one_o forty_o part_n deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o it_o can_v never_o rise_v by_o such_o a_o pressure_n so_o high_a as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o pressure_n on_o the_o crust_n shall_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o press_v the_o abyss_n upward_o and_o the_o water_n in_o it_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n have_v ascend_v to_o the_o surface_n there_o must_v be_v a_o communication_n between_o the_o abyss_n and_o it_o by_o this_o communication_n the_o water_n on_o the_o surface_n must_v necessary_o descend_v and_o lie_v immediate_o on_o