though it concern Magistrates more then others yet all have need enough to nourish humility especially that are in any higher place and order and that he turn not aside from the commandement to the right hand or the left These being the reasons why Kings are required to read Scripture Who shall exempt himself from it for Are notall bound to fear the Lord yea all the Inhabitants of the world are to stand in awe of him And doth not the Scripture require of all to walk in all the wayes that God hath commanded without turning aside to the right hand or the left What is spoken therefore to the King doth for the same common reasons concern all as if a King be perswaded to eat and drink that he may have strength when he goeth on his way as Saul sometimes was no man sayes That belongs to a King and not to me but every man for the same reason eats and drinks likewise This is put out of question because there is an express command to gather men women and children to hear the Law read upon the very same account that the King is called to read it that is that they might learn to fear God and observe to do all the words of that Law It 's true that Great-men and Gentlemen have some greater cause in regard of their greater tentations to exercise themselves in the reading of Scripture as that their hearts may not be lift up though God knows that divers of them who need it most use it least the more they have to answer for but it no way followeth that because a man that hath a great journey to go had need to eat more as Elijah had that therefore he may let eating and drinking alone that stayes at home 3. It may further be added that a motive to perform a duty if it be common to all is a good plain proof that the duty belongs to all and so it is here for the King is encouraged to read the Law and to observe it by proposing to him this end That he may prolong his dayes in his Kingdom he and his children in the midst of Israel which is other-where assured to all the people of God on the same ground according to their place and quality and in the land which they possess Deut. 5. 33. 6. 2. Secondly The reading of Scripture is enjoyned on Ministers for to them it is said Give attendance to reading It is not said indeed to the reading of Scripture but though that be not expressed yet that it is meant appears by the following words to exhortation to doctrine that therefore is the reading principally at least intended which is helpful to a Minister for the two great parts of his Ministery Exhortation and Doctrine and what that is we find by the Apostle writing to Titus which applyeth it to the faithful Word and tells him that that Word is to be held fast and therefore to be read that he may be able by sound doctrine both to exhort and to convince the gain-sayers Object Great reason a Minister should read Scripture but that proves not that People are bound to do it His work lies there theirs other-where Answ It proves not indeed that they should give such and so much attendance to reading as a Minister ought to do but yet it proves sufficiently they should attend it because it belongs to all Christians as well though not as much as to a Minister to exhort and admonish which is done best in the words of Scripture yea they that have spent some good time in Religion ought to be teachers of others also I do not mean as intruding to the office of Preaching but in a way of charity and brotherly assistance And moreover since it belongs to Saints to contend for the faith committed to their trust it will follow from thence that they should have some convincing skill also for the better maintaining of the truth of God which is to be had by reading and searching the Word of God by which Aquila and Priscilla were enabled to instruct Apollo and that old Confessor spoken of in the Ecclesiastial Story to convince that subtile Philosopher that opposed Christianity in those times Thirdly The reading of Scripture is commanded the People of God generally for unto them it is said Remember the Law of Moses my servant which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel with the Statutes and Judgements The intent of which Scripture is this that since they were to be many years without Prophets to preach to them Malachi being the last Prophet of the Old Testament therefore that they might neither lose their Religion nor forget their consolation they should diligently read and study the Scriptures which are called the Law of Moses not as excluding the Prophets for under the name of the Law the Prophets are also contained insomuch that what was written in the Psalms and in the Prophet Isaiah is said to be written in the Law but as making the Law whereof the Prophets were the Interpreters and Appliers the sum of the Old Testament-doctrine to be remembered and therefore to be read the often reading thereof being the best way to keep it in mind and that by the generality of Gods people when their Teachers were gone Unto this we may add that when there were again Teachers in Israel yet our Saviour saith and he saith it to the Jews generally Search the Scriptures Joh. 5. 39. meaning the Scriptures of the Old Testament And they that are bound and commanded to search a Book are sure therewithal bound and commanded if they can to see and read it We say He 's well read in a Book that hath well searched it And for the New Testament and gospel-Gospel-Word the Apostles counsel and command to Christians is Let the Word of Christ dwell in you richly Now though the Word may dwell plentifully in a good Hearer yet by hearing and reading both it must needs dwell in him more richly Experience shews that religious Readers are rich and ripe in Scripture-knowledge Thus for Scripture-commands Now for Scripture-reasons for Scripture-reading First The Scriptures are written for the use of the whole Church either for their use or to leave them without excuse and therefore it 's urg'd as a great aggravation of Israels sin I have written to himthe great things of my Law but they were counted as a strange thing God might have continued to make known his mind as at first he did by tradition and delivering his Will by word of mouth from one to another had it not been for this as for one reason that by writing the Word of God might be more exposed to the veiw of Ministers and People that both might read it and so the better study it and meditate upon it And wherefore did the Apostles write their Epistles to
arise extraordinarily to hinder the one or the other I know there is a difference between Servants and those that be Masters of their time They that are at their own hand as they say may take a time as they please but they that are under the power of others must do as they may and yet they also though they cannot take yet should make a time that is make hard shift for a time to see what the Lord God sayes and learn to be so provident as to place themselves there where the Governours knowing the benefit of the Word themselves will therefore give those that belong unto them the more liberty to look into it I shall conclude all that I have to say concerning this argument with the adding of two Motives which the times wherein we live may much mind us of to this necessary duty of being well-read in Scripture the one drawn from our doubtful condition in this world and in this land outwardly the other from our dangerous condition spiritually The first of these the Scripture it self points unto giving this as a reason why it is a blessed thing to read and hear and keep it to wit because the time is at hand that is times will come and how near they be at any time none can tell wherein there will be so great affliction that they only will be found blessed persons who have read observed and laid up Scripture-consolatons Vnless thy Law had been my delights saith David I should have perished in my affliction The later of these also the same Word of God layes before us foretelling that in the last dayes which were come then 1 Cor. 10. 11. and are come much more now perilous times shall come and that in special by seducing Teachers who will certainly prevail over poor silly creatures that are ever learning for they be the hearers of many and different Teachers and desirers of new things but are never able because they take not the right course to settle but the right course to unsettle to come to the knowledge of the truth Now How shall this be helped That Paul tells us by recommending the Scriptures in the later part of the chapter as the armour and antidote in infecting and truth-resisting-times minding Timothy therefore of his knowing of them from a child which was as is shewed before by the reading of them though other means be not excluded That of our Saviour Ye err not knowing the Scriptures is a perpetual truth that is all Error ariseth from want of right Scripture-knowledge Hence Enemies to Truth and they that would draw others into Errors are very angry at Scriptures What base thoughts Papists have of them appears by their words for they call the Scriptures a cold uncertain unprofitable dumb and dead letter yea like a nose of wax that can be turned any way and be made to serve every mans purpose yea beggerly Elements and that the labour is in vain that is bestowed on them These blasphemies they belch out well knowing that their counterfeit commodities pass best in the dark and therefore the morning light of the Word is to them as the shadow of death And Hereticks generally either disclaim them in a great degree or else tamper with the divine Witnesses and handle the holy Scriptures so as to make them their own Word not Gods Word As for Sectaries their common character is that they care little for Gods Ministers the true meaning whereof is that they care little for the Word of God rightly understood and therefore have and labour with others to have low thoughts of Ministers because it belongs to their Office to give the right sense of Scripture Neh. 8. 8. Mal. 2. 7. Such may not for shame grosly deny and reject Scripture but let all observe whether that which they be most real in and magnifie most be not extraordinary Revelations and that which they call a light within reporting the Scriptures to be Ink and Paper as if Ink and Paper could make men wise to Salvation 2 Tim 3. 15. The truth is there is one grand Error that rears up and bears up all other and that is a light estimation of the Word of God eminently appearing in the dislike yea in many in the formerly unheard of detestation of those whom God hath called to be the Ministers of the New Testament for the Truth of God Rom. 15 8. And let all observe that they that turn their hearts from Ministers first grow to a contempt of Scripture it self at last I shall not doubt to put all this upon the account of neglecting to read or of the negligent reading of the Word of God else would never so many Christians have run away from God and his Ordinances as in these dayes they do If any shall say they be the Bible-bearers that are fallen away for so some profane persons will be ready to scorn the Professors of Religion To this I answer That it is one thing to bear a Bible another to read it with reverence and to search it with diligence and to pray when they read for the knowledge of Gods mind in it with all humility and sense of their own weakness and unworthiness It is such and not every reading that will serve the turn I grant that Christians have brought their Bibles to Sermons but when they have done that they have not as the Beroeans did brought Sermons to their Bible but have taken Preachers words without the grounds which they brought out of Gods Word and therefore have been carryed away by the pleasing but poysoning words of contrary Teachers My advice therefore in conclusion to such Christians as are yet capable of counsel and specially to those of my own charge is briefly this As you hear with your own ears so see with your own eyes and be much conversant with God in the serious reading of Scripture And seeing there were never so many helps for a right understanding of Scripture as there are now by sundry sound Expositions and Annotations published of late in our own Language Do we that are able make use of such helps that so being prepossessed with the Word of Christ dwelling richly in you in all wisdom that is not only richly but rightly and in the true sense and meaning of it there may be no room for the contradictions of subtile and seducing men but such a resolute retaining of the Truth of God as may render you capable however it go with us in this Land or in this World of that heart-securing promise Because thou hast kept the Word of my patience I will keep thee from the hour of tentation that is either from being in it or from being hurt by it unto which I add that which followeth Behold I come quickly hold that fast which thou hast that no man take thy Crown Revel 3. 10 11. Finally Remember that the Word of God is the food
several Churches if it were not the duty of Christians to whom they wrote to read them Hence the Apostle Paul after he had written to the Ephesians speaks thus Whereby when ye read which shews they were to read ye may understand my knowledge in the mystery of Christ Unto this purpose the same Apostle otherwhere saith When this Epistle is read among you cause that it may be read also in the Church of the Laodiceans and mark what follows and that ye also read the Epistle from Laodicea Now it 's true that those Epistles were to be read before the Churches in their publick meetings but for the same reason for which they were to be read to them they were if they could have them in private to be read by them that is that they might the better make use of them Of this nature also is that other Scripture wherein the Apostle chargeth the Thessalonians that this Epistle be read to all the holy brethren whence Calvin observes that the Papists are more stubborn then the Devils because by so high an adjuration they will not be charmed from forbidding the People the reading of Scriptures Secondly The nature of this writing is such as strongly requires the reading of it for what is Scripture but a Letter of the Creator to the Creature Hos 8. 12. When Adam sinn'd saith Austin we in him were cast out as exiles into this world Accordingly David saith I am a stranger upon earth Heaven is our Countrey from thence Christ the Essential Word hath in these last dayes come to us and from thence God hath still sent and a long time written his Letters to his Church and People Now the law of friendship imposeth upon every man the reading of a friends Letter and duty and loyalty exacts from every Subject the reading of the Letters of his Prince and the highest duty the reading of the Letters of the highest God Many in these dayes are eager I mean a great deal more forward then fit to receive the Token that is the Lords-Supper who are careless of reading the Letter with which that token is sent and to which it is annexed Now to contend in a stomachful way for the Token and to be altogether remiss as divers such are in reading the Letter is not only an unkind thing but unreasonable for the Letter directs to the end and the profitable use of the Lords tokens that being well used they may be truly love-tokens to us when otherwise a Sacrament may be like Judahs pledge a condemning token I speak not this to diminish the sincere desires of any to the Sacrament but to kindle their desires to the Word that by the reading and observing thereof they might come fitly and freely to the Lords Table Thirdly The use and profit of Scripture perswadeth much to the reading of it and that both in regard of others and our selves 1. In regard of others that we may teach and admonish them better which is the duty of Christians one towards another as Paul sheweth Col. 3. 16. but especially of Governours as Parents and Masters These words that I command thee shall be in thine heart saith the Lord by Moses Deut. 6. 7. And thou shalt teach them diligently to thy children and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house and when thou walkest by the way when thou liest down and when thou risest up Now How shall this be done the memories of most being so frail unless they that are over others do by often reading keep those things in mind themselves which they are and ought to teach those under them Ephes 6. 4. Gen. 18. 10. 2. In regard of our selves This the Apostle minds us of when he tells us that the Scriptures known we may say the Scriptures read that being a special way whereby to know them are able to make a Timothy and so any other man wise to Salvation and more particularly they are profitable for doctrine that is to teach the truth for reproof that is to convince and check error for correction that is to curb vice for instruction in righteousness that is for direction to a good life And in another place for consolation Rom. 15. 4. Never would so many be damned for want of wit be so destitute of the Truth be so bewitched as they are with errors be such incorrigible servants to sin be so free from and void of all righteousness and goodness and lastly at such a loss for comfort when any waves arise but that Scripture is so little read and reverenced For the last of these that is matter of comfort Austin writing to one in a time of great calamity thus concludes his Epistle God will comfort you much more abuadantly if you read his Scriptures most earnestly with which we may joyn that of Chrysostom who writing on those words of Paul Let the Word of Christ dwell in you richly first cals to his hearers and saith You whose imployment lies in the world and that have wife and children to govern hear how the Apostle enjoyns you especially to read Scriptures and that not barely to read them and as by the way but with great diligence And afterwards he adds even as a rich and monyed man is able to bear a loss so a man rich in Scripture-knowledge can easily bear poverty or any calamity yea he can better bear it saith he then a rich man can bear worldly losses for if he have many of them his riches will be more and more diminished but he that is rich in heavenly knowledge is never the less rich though he suffer never so much The same holy Father is very full in shewing in general the great profit that is to be had by the reading of Scripture as that it clears and calms the heart reforms the tongue gives wings to the soul to flie up even into heaven it self Do not lose saith he so great gain nor bring your Bibles hither only but take time to read the Scriptures at home And in another place If thou wouldest know how great advantage ariseth from divine Scripture then diligently examine what a vast difference there is in thy heart and soul when thou standest in the Church and when thou art at a Play or standest in the Theatre It s the same soul and yet how well is it affected in the one place and how much corrupted in the other I am the more willing to recite these things that Christians may see in these sad dayes wherein so many slight Scriptures what a reverent and honourable account there was of them yea and of the reading of them by the most eminent men in ancient times Fourthly The examples of Gods servants recorded and recommended in Scripture is a reason of reading Scripture for we may read their piety in the reading of it the Eunuch a man of so great authority under the Queen
of Aethiopia and that had the charge of all her treasure yet had another treasure for sitting in his Charet he read the Prophet I saith something no doubt he understood and read that he might understand more The noble Beroeans are commended for searching the Scriptures and how shall Christians when they have heard a Sermon search the Scriptures best but by taking a Bible into their hands and reading them there How shall a thing be searched that is not viewed Unto which we may add the example of Timothy from a chila saith Paul thou hast known the holy Scriptures which knowing was in all probability by Reading as one special means Still the Scripture hath been dear to Gods dear children as being accounted better then gold or silver though never so much better then thousands Psal 119. 72. Sweeter then Honey though never so good and which drops of it self from the Honey-comb Psal 19. 10. more valuable then their food yea then their necessary food Job 23. 12. See what a Reader Joshua was though a Prince Josh 8. 34 35. And amongst us Christians heretofore though now that first love be lamentably lost were inquisitive how much they should read every day that so the Scriptures might be read over in a year which shewed they were in the way to be truly good because the Scriptures make wise to Salvation and if they did read them with reverence and delight that shewed them to be good already it being used as a good reason to prove the Scriptures are the Word of God because there was never any Book that had wisdom in it but natural wise men liked it unless it were Gods Book or Books framed out of that which shews that none can like the Word of God but by the Spirit of God and that they that like it have that Spirit yea we may count it a clearer sign of grace to delight in reading Scripture then in hearing Sermons viz. in this respect because in Sermons there is a mixture of humane sufficiency and so it is not so easily discerned whether that which draws the ear and heart of the Hearer be Gods Word or mans wit but to read and to be satisfied as it were with marrow and fatness with the pure Word of God who though he condescends to Readers weakness yet never condescends to their wantonness this shews a man or woman to be much after Gods heart Fifthly The efficacy of Scripture read is an effectual argument for the reading of Scripture Famous is the story of Austin whose conversion was wrought or at least compleated in this way for he on a time full of grief and lifting up his heart to God saying How long Lord How long wilt thou be angry with me Why shall not this hour put an end to my filthiness at length he heard a voyce as from Heaven calling to him in these words Take up and read take up and read Thereupon he took the Book opened it and read in that Chapter which he first cast his eye upon these words Not in rioting and drunkenness not in chambering and wantonness not in strife and envying But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ and make no provision for the flesh to satisfie the lusts thereof and then read no further nor was there saith he any need for as he had made an end of reading that sentence all his doubts and darknesse did as by a light cast into and clearing up his heart suddenly vanish away Upon this occasion he remembred and relates the story of Antonius who happening to read some part of the Gospel was admonished that what he read was spoken to him and it was this Go sell that thou hast and give to the poor and thou shalt have treasure in heaven and come and follow me and upon this he was forthwith converted Aug. confess lib. 8. cap. 12 But we need not go further then Scripture to be perswaded of the power of Scripture being reverently read Upon the reading of the Law by Shaphan the Scribe Josiah rent his clothes and his tender heart was much humbled for his ear affected his heart and so may their eyes that read it themselves Yea in so bad a time as that was wherein Jeremiah lived yet the Princes hearing the words of the Lord read by Baruck were afraid both one and other And after they were come out of the captivity we find that all the people wept when they heard the words of the Law It 's true the sense was given and they were made to understand the reading but that hinders not the business in hand but sheweth the power of the Word when it is read with understanding and that the better it is understood the more powerful it is Now if the Word so work upon the heart when it is read by others why may not the same effect be wrought when a man reads it himself yea rather then because he may read it over and over again and hath more time to ponder upon it Hereunto we may add that when Christians heard that read which the Apostles decreed for the Churches resolution they rejoyced for the consolation And O how many in our dayes dwelling in the dust and in a most dejected condition have found themselves strangely revived by reading some place of Scripture which the hand of Providence hath directed them unto And what did the Martyrs in Queen Maries dayes for their mutual comfort but write over and over in their Letters those Scriptures that made most for consolation and constancy that by the reading of them they might hold up and hold out in their honourable but hard condition Sixthly It makes much for reading and studying Scripture that it is Gods way to blessedness for Blessed is he whose delight is in the Law of God and that doth meditate in his Law day and night Yea Blessed is he that readeth It 's true it is not only said Blessed is he that readeth but also they that hear and keep the words of that Prophesie but yet the reading is named and hath a part in the blessedness pronounced to wit as it is together with hearing a means of keeping And this we see God made to be the way to the Eunuchs blessedness The reading Eunuch that could not at first see Christ in the Scripture he read yet saw so much by the help of Philip whom God sent to him when he was reading that he believed with all his heart and came to Jesus by Baptism unto eternal life for believing and blessedness comming to Christ and life go together Luk. 1. 45 Joh. 5. 40. 20. 31. After these reasons of reading Scripture I shall proceed to the answering of some Objections the first whereof concerns those that are higher the other such as are meaner and lower Object 1. Men that have their heads and hands full of business may perhaps plead that they have no time to
PRACTICAL PIETY OR THE PASTOR'S Last Legacy TO HIS BELOVED PEOPLE Directing how to Walk with GOD in these Apostatizing Times WITH Two most Serious Exhortatory Epistles to Satisfie the Christian Readers concerning the Whole WORK To which is Added Morning and Evening PRAYERS for Private Families By that Reverend Divine Mr. William Thomas late Rector of the Church of Ubley in the County of Somerset after his 44 years Labours in the Ministry in that Place Acts 2. 42. And they continued stedfastly in the Apostles Doctrine and Fellowship and in Breaking of Bread and in Prayer London Printed for Edward Thomas at the Adam and Eve in Little Britain 1681. To my dearly beloved the Church and Congregation belonging to my Charge inhabiting within the Parish of Ubley in the County of Somerset Grace and Peace Dearly beloved in the Lord IT was for your sakes that I first set my thoughts on this ensuing Treatise For having lived and laboured so many years amongst you already I cannot look to abide long with you and therefore have thought it meet to do my endeavour that you may be able after my decease to have those things alwayes in remembrance which you have been formerly and continually taught Divers of which you will meet with in the reading of this Book whereof because I am willing to give you a taste I shall reckon them up unto you in that order wherein you shall find them hereafter handled First You know I have laboured much with you for the reading of Scripture and to train up your children to be able to read it Let me now leave it with you not only to set your Eyes upon this Word of God but to set your Hearts unto it and as much as in you lies to draw and win the hearts of those belonging to you to it for it is your life and their life Secondly I have taken much pains both publikely and from house to house to teach you admonish you and perswade you to a reverent receiving of the Lords Supper And now shall desire you to keep in mind that which you often have been minded of which is that they who come to that Sacrament should be before God twice the first time preparing the second time receiving Neglect not to prepare for Sermons especially on the Lords-Day but double your preparation at Sacraments because there is a double work to be done in regard of the meeting of two distinct Ordinances that is the Word and Sacrament to be partaked in together Wash your hearts as you do your Vessels every day but scour them and make them bright for the Lords use on Sabbath and Sacrament-dayes Thirdly You have heard especially in late times wherein the shameful and shameless misusing of Ministers hath enforced them to plead for their Calling I say you have heard many things to move you to a due estimation of the Ministry concerning which I shall say no more here but only this Take heed of esteeming too much of such Teachers as are not lawfully called or too little of such as are If painful teaching be not continued unto you remember you had it If it be do not despise it If you cannot have it at home be not content to be without it look not one upon another but where you see there is Corn repair thither Better stir then starve Fourthly Of our Lords Sabbath-day very much hath been spoken to you the holy observation thereof being the Seed-plot and support of all Piety It is not a day of idleness but of spiritual action And you that have need to work for your Bodies and Families all the six dayes have the more need to lay all other work aside on the Sabbath-day and to look after your souls making it your great and even your only work then to labour not after the food that perisheth but the meat that endureth to everlasting life To be very diligent all the Week dayes and to idle out the Lords-day is to be good Husbands and bad Christians and such bad Christians are never good Husbands for they will be undone at last Fifthly You have still seen that I have made Catechising your Children and Servants one part of my work of which I shall say but a word now namely that it is so hard a thing to get any knowledge and sense of Religion into the heads and hearts of ancient people that therein all may see and you that are Parents and Housholders should take notice of it what a necessary thing it is to begin betimes with those that are young and to instruct them in that knowledge and fear of God which is the beginning of wisdom Sixthly Family-Prayer hath been often taught and sought amongst you for How can Housholders expect the protection and success of their persons and labours in the day or the safe keeping of themselves their children servants and substance in the night yea comfort and welfare day or night without God or How can they look to enjoy God without Prayer for He will be sought by the House of Israel and we may say by every house in Israel Zech. 12. 12. Seventhly Repetition of Sermons amongst you hath been my continual custom that the things publikely delivered might be better understood better remembred better settled in your hearts and that the power thereof might be more and better expressed in your lives which you know hath been the usual Prayer before Repetition Lastly I have encouraged and excited you to the duty of Singing of Psalms And of late it hath been my manner in publike to give you a short Exposition of every Psalm before the singing of it that you might better understand and mind the matter contained in it Now all these things I do here recommend unto you and again set before you because spiritual things though delivered often to weak hearers are not quickly understood are hardly committed to memory are soon forgotten or mistaken when a printed Paper may easily be looked upon seriously thought upon and by often recourse to it a fruitful and more full use may be made of it And whatsoever the things I here communicate and do as it were bequeath to you as my dear children in the Lord shall be found in themselves yet the relation of Pastor and People under which we stand and which is now of forty and four years standing hath I trust such an endearment in it as to render what I have written more profitable to you by being more acceptable more helpful by being more grateful and by your looking upon it with an Eye of Love Having mentioned the time of my abode among you It shall not be tedious to me nor wil it I hope be grievous to you to review and run over in a generality what hath passed in it And therein will be found something to be observed and marked something to be humbled for and something to praise God for That
to the worse place but on the contrary Strive to enter in at the straight-gate and go in that narrow way though it be against the hair I mean your own corrupt and undoing hearts by walking wherein you shall assuredly come at last to the better place and possess that everlasting life which is the gift of God through Jesus Christ our Lord. For this purpose I have written these following Directions and Admonitions as not knowing what Guides or Goads you will have unto that which is good when I am gone but the better you observe these and all other godly Instructions the more hope you may have to have more of them mean-while I leave these with you which if you have not other helps will be the more needful and if you have other helps will make them the more useful That I might be more profitable to you I have endeavoured plainness yet I confess there is not so much of it as I intended or desired for all men have not that gift of making known their mind to others in a plain and familiar way And besides that something must be yielded to more ripe Readers and in divers things the matter hath carryed me above the capacity of many of you but the better use you make of that which you do understand the sooner you will understand the rest and you being acquainted so long with my way of teaching and manner of speaking may know and find out better then others what my meaning is To conclude Remember that what our Saviour long since said to prove himself the Messiah is fulfilled to you which is this The poor have the Gospel preached to them or they are the persons that are Gospel-lized that is the Gospel is theirs with all the comforts of it but know also that this is not meant of the poor in state only but which a poor state oft is and ever should be an help unto of those that are poor in spirit that though they have lived honestly among their neighbours see themselves undone without a Saviour and therefore when they have little or nothing else or whether they have or no make sure to have Him labour you to be in the number of those that are thus spiritually poor as by the providence of God many of you are outwardly low It 's a lamentable thing when they that have little in this world shall have nothing in the world to come not so much as a drop of water to cool their tongue in that place of torment That it may not be so with you Let me beseech you to study your Souls to esteem the words of Gods mouth whether you read them or hear them more then your necessary food to account one thing necessary which is to sit at Jesus feet and hear his Word from those whom he sends to speak to you This will not hinder you from labouring for your living for the Word of Christ binds you to it but it 's necessary to know there is a more necessary labour that is to know what God would have done first and to do it after For your assistance wherein I desire you to make conscience of the holy Exercises of Religion which are here commended unto you that so you may be furnished for bringing forth the fruits of godliness in your whole conversation Consider what I have said and the Lord give you understanding in all things and so bless unto you these and all other Instructions that you may thrive in knowledge grow in grace and persevere in faith and obedience that I may rejoyce in you and you in me in the day of the Lord Jesus Unto whom I commend you and to the Word of his Grace which is able to build you up and to give you an Inheritance among all them that are sanctified And so remain Your intirely-well-wishing Pastor willing to spend and be spent and now almost spent with and for you William Thomas The EPISTLE TO THE CHRISTIAN READER Dear Christians ALbeit the ensuing Instructions were purposely framed for my own Charge yet finding them to grow under my hand to a more full Treatise then was at first in my thoughts and that now they are like to come into many hands I conceive it needful to say something by way of Preface that what I have written may be more useful to any that shall think fit to read it That which I have to say concerneth the matter handled and the manner of writing The matter is wholly practical save that necessity hath compelled me for the establishing of practical Truths to mixe here and there that which is something controversal All as you may see is referred unto two heads that is Christian and Family-duties Of each sort there are four I shall before-hand give you a tast of them all The first of the first sort is the reading of the Scriptures which may well be put in the first place because the written Word is not only the Foundation of our Faith and the well-spring of saving wisdom but also the ground of Godliness the guide of Practise and a divine Directory for the performance of every good duty whereby not only the Minister and Man of God but the People of God the Sons and Daughters of the Lord God Almighty are educated unto and throughly furnished for every good work For the Scriptures are composed not as the writings of Heathens for vain-glory but for mens Salvation and the Spirit of God hath written them in a plain language that all may easily see what is said at least as far as fufficeth for the guiding of their faith and carriage and the safety of their souls and that no simple men as Chrysostom speaks might make this excuse that the Scriptures are hard for though there be difficulties therein to take down mens pride yet there is enough so plain that not only Gods workman that is the Minister but any workman may see the way to Heaven if he have eyes to see it for to see requires sight as well as light In the next place there is more particular Instructions given concerning the Sacrament of the Lords Supper and that not without need For where Salvation lies at the one end and Damnation at the other there 's great need of Direction that where we seek for the better of these we may not find the worse In the handling of this Subject I have been constrained unto a little further search both to give an account of my own sollicitousness about that Sacrament and withall by reason of the different perswasions of some learned and godly men who I hope will candidly interpret my Discourse because I have endeavoured to speak according to the sense of Scripture the consentient judgement of the Church of God and with declaration of due respect to those from whom I somewhat dissent This Sacrament-doctrine I have in the close
digested into Questions and Answers not only because that way of teaching is most easie and familiar but also to lend some assistance unto godly Christians for the better preparing of those belonging to their charge for that great Ordinance by the instructing and catechising of them before-hand in those things which it concerns such as would be worthy Communicants to be acquainted with what I have now published for this end I have long since framed and have still used in the visiting of the Families of those committed to my care that they might come to the Sacrament with more knowledge and conscience But that which I conceived fit for them will not be I shall hope unprofitable to others How many wayes have painful Pastors used to acquaint the People of this Nation with God and his Ordinances and to work in them a reverent respect thereunto some one way and some another But whether it be I or they it 's the same thing for substance and perhaps some may think so well of this way as to receive some benefit by it and then I have what I aim at in it The third Chapter concerneth the Ministry and may serve also as an help and incitement to a religious and profitable hearing of the Word albeit I make not a distinct Head of that Argument for neglect of serious hearing of Sermons ariseth from a low or no account of those that preach them As the preaching of the Word by men formed out of the clay and called to that high office is Gods Ordinance for mans Salvation so the holding of such in reputation is mans assistance for the receiving of the benefit of it it being very unlikely that men should be guided and ruled by those whom they do not regard As long as there was any hope of the Jews the Preface to their profiting was this They will reverence my Son and a base opinion of him or his being without any honour among them made him useless to them The thing much thought of in this part of the Treatise was and is to help to reduce if God please so far to bless poor endeavours those many Christians who by reason of the distemper of the times for I am more willing to fix it upon that then to think that so dismal a thing as their departure is should arise out of their own hearts I say who by reason of the distemper and tentation of the late times have so dangerously forsaken a duely called Ministry which God hath in singular mercy and compassion to mankinde appointed and to the worlds end constituted in his Church for the perfecting of the Saints by their work and for the edification of the body of Christ and in particular for the preventing of their being tossed to and fro and carried about with every wind of doctrine by the sleight of men and cunning craftiness whereby they lie in wait to deceive Into which evil of being wafted away from God and his wayes they have sadly fal'n who have fal'n away from an Ordained Ministry and therewithall from all Gods Ordinances but if God love them and they love God he will certainly bring their hearts back again If they be Children they cannot alwayes want bread nor refuse to receive it from those Officers and Stewards whom the Lord hath made Rulers of his Houshold to give them their portion of meat in due season But howsoever it fall out with some of them who under a pretence of being more perfect Saints disdain that Ministry whereby if God speak true Saints are to be perfected and that till they come to a perfect man or to a perfect manly knowledge which will never be till they come to heaven I say however it be with some such as namely those that have forsaken the written Word of God of whom there is least hope Yet the things here laid down will serve I trust to confirm those who through the great goodness of God have been upheld and held in a right and regular way notwithstanding all solicitations and tentations to the contrary As for others all I shall say is this that perhaps some right Church-government or some grievous Church-chastisement will at length bring those Professors of Religion and godliness together whom a vast and too-unlimited a liberty good both for doing and undoing as men were right or light hath set so far and fearfully asunder It 's more then time for me to hasten to the fourth general head wherein I have treated of the Christian or Lords-day Sabbath purposely but in order thereunto have spoken something of the Sabbath in generall The great difficulty that there is in this Argument I do with all humility and deep sense of my own weakness acknowledge and therefore desire not that any thing here affirmed should be received but according as by Scripture and Scripture-reason it shall be found confirmed But withal I must crave leave to put the Reader in mind that to judge rightly of to reverence rellish and receive this and divers other practical Truths namely those mentioned in this Treatise two things are very needful 1. A due respect to the General Rules of Holiness laid down in the Word of God And 2. A Principle of Grace in the Heart for the natural man receiveth not spiritual things that so there may be a consenting and closing with the Reason of Scripture and the wisdom of God in the generalities thereof Let all Christians therefore in the fear of God and setting the Word of God before their eyes indifferently and conscientiously consider those four things which I shall now propound and present unto them 1. Whether it be not more for Gods glory the preserving and perpetuating of Religion and the interest and commodity of the Souls of men to have a set and intire day wherein to meet together in publike Worship for the knowing acknowledging serving and enjoying of God then it is to have no such day 2. If such a day be granted Whether it be not needful and best that it should be within that proportion of time which God himself hath described and prescribed in the fourth Commandement that is Whether it must not be a weekly day or whether it will serve as well for the aforenamed ends to have it left to men to lay out for their God a day of their own devising and within such a circuit of time as they think fit If any will rest a matter of so great a moment upon Ecclesiastical constitution I wonder what company of men may or will assume so much to themselves as to appoint a day in their own devised distance and impose it to be observed on the whole Community of Christians And if there be not in all the Christian world the same set day how will the honour of God be diminished which by the meeting of all the people of God together to do homage to him at
in Scripture being framed according to Scripture cannot be justly condemned but I must add one thing more and that is that formal praying which idle Christians by the abuse of forms may soon fall into can never be justified The third Family-duty is Repetition of Sermons which being carefully done is the preservative of a right Religion for why are people ever learning and never come to the knowledge of the truth or are easily carryed from it but because they take Ministers words without Ministers grounds and so when other Teachers bring them a new Doctrine they like the last and the new Teacher and sell the former and the old truth whereas if they did review what they hear and as the noble Bereans search the Scriptures quoted by Ministers and so find by examination that what they have heard is founded on the Word of God and upon the credit of a divine Testimony they would not change their mindes having grace in them because it is impossible for God to change His nor can any word come from Him that is not perfect and of perpetual verity This recalling and repeating of Sermons and endevouring that the Houshold may see how they agree with Scripture hath ever been the character of more Religious Families and a great means to make all in it especially if they be called to give account of what they have heard and heard again to profit in Religion For as he that repeateth a matter separateth very Friends to wit because the repetition makes it fresh in memory causeth a greater observation and leaveth a greater impression so he that repeateth profitable matters edifieth very Weaklings and helpeth much the hearers to understand mark and mind what hath been formerly delivered But whilest I thus persuade you to repetition the saying of an excellent Servant of God comes to my remembrance which is this in effect that as Kine and Sheep return not to their owners grass and hay but milk and fleece and flesh so Sermons are not to be returned and represented only by reading notes but Christians are to repeat them in their lives by being sound in opinion growing in grace and godly in all their carrage The last duty is Singing of Psalms to be used principally on our Lords Sabbath day but every other day needful because every day hath its mercy for which God is to be praised or if it hath its affliction in that also God is to be blessed and there are Psalms sutable to every affliction to sanctifie it unto us by ministring matter of Instruction and to bear up our spirits in it by affording matter of Consolation It is every day likewise a profitable Exercise because the Book of Psalms containeth in it abundant matter of heavenly meditation and spiritual edification And as it is both needful and profitable so it is an exercise very pleasant for it awakeneth the soul quickneth the spirits cheareth up the heart and generally reviveth both the inward and the outward man Other duties are a Christians work This is his holy recreation begun here and to be compleated in heaven I cannot leave this without reciting what Mr. Beza that hath done such eminent service to the Church of God relateth of himself it 's this When by the goodness of God I hnd willingly forsaken my Countrey and all that I had that I might freely serve Christ it came to pass at my first entry into the publick assembly of the Christians that the company did sing this that is the 91 Psalm by the singing whereof as though I had heard God himself calling me particularly I felt my self so comforted that I have kept it since that time most dearly graven in my heart and I may truly witness this before God that I have received marvellous comfort by it both in sickness and in sorrow not only by meditating it when I was smitten with the Pestilence and the same plague had infected my Family even four times but also in other most grievous tentations Let all profit by his experience and observe their own Thus have I given a Summary account of the matters handled in this Treatise Concerning each of which I earnestly desire the Reader to cast his eye upon the Margent to search the Scriptures alleaged and weigh the Reasons annexed for I shall easily grant that a mans constitution is apt to insinuate it self into his meditation and discourse perhaps too much for in every constitution as there is a vertue or an help to vertue so a danger also and divers other things may lead a man aside before he is aware Albeit therefore I am not conscious to my self of offering any thing but that which as far as my understanding reacheth is right and do abhor to impose upon the consciences of men which God alone can bind yet let the Reader in the reading of mine or any mans words else set still before him the Word of God The manner of Writing which is the other thing I mentioned I have spoken somewhat to in the former Epistle It is not so plain and perspicuous as in regard of the common sort of Christians I intended but the Babes of Christ will here find milk that is many things fitted to their capacity and if there be any stronger meat it will suit better with more mature Christians All men know or may know that Ministers are necessitated to extend such abilities as God hath given them to the utmost which is hardly done without some obscurity for the pleading of the causes of God And that because as flesh and bloud riseth up in arms mustereth all its forces against the truth of God so doth it also against the way of godliness whereby tho the adversaries thereof cannot destroy it yet they prevail so far as to darken it and to cast so many mists before mens eyes that it is not easie for the ordinary Traveller to discern the right way nor for their Guides to clear it up unto them However I hope they that have good and honest hearts will hereby receive some good and from others that write of the same things they may receive more and by humble and faithful Prayer to God with diligent studying of his Word most of all I crave pardon for being so tedious in this Epistle which because it may serve not only for an introduction but as a Supplement also to that which followeth the Reader may please the rather to bear with it I have nothing now to do but to leave with Christians this one necessary Admonition that is not to content themselves with those outward exercises of Religion that they shall here find urged but to study and by these helps to strive after the power of Godliness For though a man cannot be Pious and Religious without observing the external means of Godliness the principal whereof was the Sanctification of the Sabbath as one that was not so good a friend to the Sabbath as he
should have been notes well yet all outward duties lose their end and their estimation yea they serve as sad witnesses against them that use them most if the reality of Religion and the power and exercise of grace doth not appear in their conversation for The exercises of Religion are for the exercise and are not to be performed much less to be rested on in stead of Godliness but to nourish Godliness and to stead us in the way of Holiness When Paul plants and Apollo waters the Lord give the increase And so sanctifie unto you these poor labours that thereby one cubit may be added to your spiritual statute May I attain that end and obtain your earnest prayers for the passing of the little remainder of my pilgrimage here in fear and faith and faithfulness you will abundantly recompence him who is and shall remain Yours sincerely in the service of the Gospel as long as God shall think fit to imploy so unworthy a servant William Thomas The Contents of the several Parts and Chapters of this Treatise The First Part. Of Christian-Duties CHAP. 1. A Call to Reading of Scripture Which is urged 1. FRom Scripture-Commands pag. 1. 2. From Scripture-Reasons drawn from the end nature use and profit of the written Word of God 5. 3. From Scripture-examples and the efficacy of that duty 8 4. From that blessedness whereunto the Reading of Gods Word is Gods way 11. 5. By answering Objections made against it 11. to 16. 6. By two motives provoking to it 18. CHAP. II. Instructions about the Lords Supper Wherein 1. Reasons of sollicitousness for Sacrament-Preparation are rendred viz 1. Imitation of the antient Church 21. 2. Christs strict command for it ibid. 3. The distinction of that Sacrament from other Ordinances 23. 4. The judgement of the Church of God 26. 2. A short Catechism followeth of the general grounds of Religion 32 3. A larger Catechism is added concerning the Lords Supper 37. CHAP. III. Of the Estimation of Ministers Where the Scripture on which it is grounded to wit 1 Thess 5. 12 13 is 1. Recited and explained briefly 2. More largely insisted on by declaring how Ministers are 1. To be known in their places viz. by a knowledge 1. Of Observation 48. to 52. 2. Of Approbation 3. Of Imitation 2. To be esteemed viz. 1. For the degree very highly set forth in seven Evidences of it 53. to 56. 2. For the nature and quality of it in love 57. 3. For the ground of it for their works sake Where is shewed 1. That men seem to esteem Ministers when it is neither in love nor for their works sake 59. 2. What reason there is why they should be esteemed for their works sake pag. 60. 3. The grounds and motives to this estimation 63. to 68. CHAP. IV. Of the Lords-day Sabbath Where 68. 1. The Scripture chosen to treat upon viz. Neh. 13. 17 18. is 1. Vindicated 69. 2. Explained 2. The Sabbath-subject is treated on in general And therein three things handled 1. The Rest required on the Sabbath and why and with what allowances 72. 2. The thing intended in that Rest viz Holiness both in publike and private duties 75. 3. The extent of the Rest and Holiness viz. for a whole day notwithstanding Objections 81. 3. How the fourth Commandement is in force for observing one day in seven for ever is declared with objections answered 85. to 92. 4. The Lords day is proved to be of Divine Institution 92. to 97. 5. An Exhortation is annexed for the due esteeming and observing of the Lords-day-Sabbath urged From 1. The necessity of it 97. 2. The commodity 100. 3. The commendation 102. to 105. 4. The judgements of God on Sabbath-profaners 105. to 108. 5. The blessing of God on Observers 108. to 118. 6. A conclusion inciting to Lords-day-love 118. to 131. The Second Part. Of Family-duties CHAP. I. Of Family-Catechising And therein 133. 1. Several Texts of Scripture in the Old and New Testament are brought to prove it And the common objection of taking Gods Name in vain by Catechising little Children is answered 137 2. Arguments are added to confirm it As 1. The necessity of it 144. 2. The profit both in regard of 1. Children 146. 2. the Church of God 148. 3. And the motives to perswade to it viz. 1. Examples of godly Parents in Scripture 149. 2. The benefit of children 152. 153. 3. The profit of Parents themselves CHAP. II. Of Family-Prayer Where there is p. 155. 1. Proofs for it and the establishing of it 1. On Scripture-grounds in four Propositions viz. 1. The general doctrine of Scripture binds in all particulars rightly deduced from it Which Proposition is 1. Confirmed by divers instances 157. to 160. 2. Made use of by reciting general Scripture-grounds for Family-Prayer viz. 1. Gods greater glorry 161. 2. Our greater good 162. Wherein an Objection is answered drawn from the incapacity of several Members of Family for that duty 163 164. 2. Approved examples of Scripture are binding in those things wherein the case is alike whereof use is made by reciting and illustrating divers Scripture examples tending to the confirmation of Family-Prayer 165. to 168. 3. Every Promise of Scripture contains in it a virtual command 168. 4. And every Threatning a real prohibition of the thing threatned which is made use of by opening that Scripture-threat Jer. 10. 25. 169. 2. On Scripture reasonings viz. Because 1. God requires Society-service as well as single 172. 2. There are many common concernments of Families that require joynt Prayer 173. 3. The persons neglecting and causes of the neglect of this duty are both sad 174. to 177. 2. A declaring of the time to be allotted to it Where is shewed that it should be 1. Every day 177. 2. More particularly Morning and Evening 179. CHAP. III. Of Family-Repetition of Sermons Where are laid down 182. 1. Grounds of Scripture for Sermon-Repetition The first Scripture Jer. 36. 2 6. where writing Sermons as an help to Repetition is argued for 182. to 187. The second Scripture Col. 4. 6. 187 2. Reasons thereof 1. In General 188. 2. More Particularly in regard of our selves and others 189. CHAP. IV. Of Singing Psalms namely in Families Wherein 192. 1. Objections against Singing of Psalms are answered 192. to 195. 2. The Exercise it self is pleaded for 1. More generally from Scripture which 1. Declareth it to be necessary and profitable pag. 195. 2. Giveth rules that it may be profitable 3. Sheweth it to be used in Christian Meetings 2. More particularly and with respect to Families 1. Because the use of it is so profitable 196. to 199. 2. No where limited to Publike Meetings 3. Confirmed by our Saviours example 4. Called to by Family-mercies 5. Justified from Ephes 5. 18 19. Â 3. With Reasons annexed it being an Exercise 1. Making much for the glory of God 2. For the spiritual profit of right Performers For it is an Exercise 1.
Teacching 199 to 202. 2. Quickning 3. Comforting 3. Commended to Christians in way of Exchange for all other delights 202. 3. Some advice is given that singing may be more profitable viz. 1. By marking the matter of the Psalm while it is singing 204. 2. By conferring of it after ibid. 4. Lamentation for the neglect and negligent performance of this duty with a close quickning thereunto In the close 204. to 208 A Family-Prayer for the Morning 209 A Family-Prayer for the Evening 214. A shorter Prayer for the Morning 220. A shorter Prayer for the Evening 224. Prayers for Children for Morning and Evening 228. to 231 ERRATA PAg. 4. marg r for c. 4. read c. 5. t read Job 10. 34. And u dele p. 6 m. b r. 1 Thess 5. 27. p. 7. line 11. r. Gen. 18. 19 m. a r. 2 Tim. 3. 15 16. p. 13. l. 14. for marks r. mark l. 22. r. Act 8. 27. p. 16. l. 27. r. Joh. 16. 19 29. p. 19. m. g r. Job 24. 17. p 20. l. 26. for we r. you p. 25. m. h r. Lam. 3. 51. p. 29. l. 34 for discerning r. not discerning p. 36. m. r r. Matth. 25. p. 37. l. 25. for Ordinance r. Ordinances p. 61. m. c r. Gen. 47. 6. p. 69. l. 21. r. more generally p. 79. m. g r. 1 Pet. 2. 2. h 1 Pet. 2. 1. p. 80 l. 7. for him r. them p. 90. l. 12. for sixth r. six p. 116. l. 7. put out not p. 143. l. 24. put in and of Chapters read c. p. 159. l. 32. for risled r. ruled p. 160 l. 17. r. in a manner p. 165. l. 3. put in meerly because c. p. 171. l. 7. r. particular Housholds p. 180. l. 19. for in r. at p. 181. l. 23. for and r. I p. 188. l. 18. for nourishing r. nourisheth p. 199. l. 22. for was r. as The Preface IT is one of those faithful and joyful sayings of Scripture that are worthy of all acceptation that Godliness is profitable to all things having the promises of the life which now is and that which is to come But then we must consider that as Godliness hath the Promises so the Promises will have Godliness and bind those that have them to cleanse themselves from all filthiness both of flesh and spirit and to perfect holiness in the fear of God The promoting of this Holiness is the purpose of this Treatise which propoundeth recommendeth and pleadeth for divers such Christian and Family-duties as are the wayes and means appointed of God for the improving of godliness Thereunto the Reading of the Word which in the first Part and place is mentioned much availeth because the Doctrine of the Word is the Doctrine which is according to godliness it is the ground and guide of godliness As also an often and prepared receiving of the Sacrament of the Lords Supper the spiritual nourishment whereof is for the growth of Godliness The Ministry likewise makes much for Piety for that 's the School of Godliness And the religious observing of the Lords-day-Sabbath for that 's the support of the Trade of Godliness as Market and Fair-dayes are of ordinary Trading The four Houshold duties described in the Second Part aim at no other but the very same end that is the advantage and advancement of Godliness For By Family-Catechising Godliness spreadeth By Family-Prayer it and every thing else prospereth By Repetition of Sermons as by whetting it is sharpened hath a better edge And by singing of Psalms it is sweetned for thereby not only the heart is more holy but all other good exercises and assistances of godliness are less heavy I hope therefore that they that look after godliness and in vain do they look for heaven who look not after it will accept of these Helps for albeit I willingly grant that some of these means of godliness may be used by those that are not truly godly Hypocrisie being the Ape of Sincerity yet I may boldly affirm on the other side that all that are truly good will be afraid to omit them and none but they can well use them Joh. 15. 5. I shall not detain the Reader with a longer Preface having said so much already in the precedent Epistles but hasten to that which comes first in order to be handled The First Part. CHAP. I. The sum of this Chapter is nothing else but A Call to Christians c. as in the next page PART I. CHAP. I. A Call to Christians to the Reading of Scripture IT is a true and a useful Observation that Every man hath as it were two men one inward the other outward The inward man is the Soul made after the Image of God The outward man is the Body made out of the dust of the Earth These two men live and subsist by a different nourishment the body by receiving natural food the soul by reading and receiving the Word of God which goes in Scripture under the name of Nourishment for it speaks of being nourished up in the words of faith and of good doctrine He that neglects the nourishment of his body neglects himself and his life he that neglects the nourishment of his Soul neglects his God whose Image shines most especially in the Souls of men Shall we take so much care of the body which is to be laid in the Grave and devoured of Worms and suffer the immortal Soul as the basest Slave to pine away for want of the food of the Word of God That you that are of my charge wherein also I speak to every other Christian Reader may not be guilty of so unreasonable a sin I shall endeavour to stir you up to the reading of the Soul-sustaining Word of God by setting before you both Scripture-Commands and Scripture-Reasons perswading and pressing you thereunto 1. Scripture-Commands Reading Scripture is injoyned on Magistrates Ministers and all Christians generally First on Magistrates For this is the charge recorded in Scripture concerning the King When he sitteth upon the Throne of his Kingdom he shall write him a Copy of this Law out of that which is before the Priests the Levites And it shall be with him and he shall read therein all the dayes of his life Object That Command is for the Kings not for me Answ 1. It 's more wise to say If a King must read the Law whose imployments are so many and weighty then I much more who may gain time better 2. Wheresoever a command is confirmed by a general reason that binds all there the command it self hath a general binding force and reacheth as far as the reason doth Now the reason of the Kings reading the Law is of that nature for this it is That he may learn to fear the Lord his God to keep all the words of the Law and the Statutes to do them that his heart be not lift up above his brethren which
read Scripture in regard of their many and pressing imployments Answ 1. They who frame this Objection had need to take heed that it be not made a protection for omitting Prayer also and so letting pass some dayes without having any thing to do with God such may know that it is to be but peny-wise to be so thrifty of time for worldly business as to have no leisure to look up to God If they did read Scripture well they would find such good Husbandry put under the head of Vanity for Except the Lord build the House keep the City and so carry on and prosper mens affairs it is in vain to rise early to sit up late or to bestow a mans labour in them A man had better gain some time from his sleep then to have no time for the service of God and to leave some business undone then to have all ill-done or to be undone because he prospers so well without God Prov. 1. 32. 2. I answer That although Christians will find it both profitable and needful to set apart certain times and that ordinarily every day for reading Scripture lest there be a loss of the duty for want of an appointed time to do it in yet I shall not prescribe any particular time nor how much of Scripture any should read at that time the division of the Scriptures into Chapters will help that way but that which I press as necessary is the thing it self and that every Christian be a serious Reader of Scripture I deny not but some are so hurryed with the necessary occasions of their Calling that it is not easie for them to have a time perhaps in a whole day to read a Chapter I mean to have a time at times and on some days but yet at other times they may and by enjoying a freer opportunity make themselves and their souls some recompence in regard of former omissions which I advise them to do and withal wish them to remember that it is as hath been said the mark of a blessed man to meditate in Gods Word day and night and that David that was still taken up with the persecutions of a King that is of Saul or with the imployments of a King when he was King himself and a man of War also yet was very much in the meditation of the Law of God yea it was his meditation all the day that is he took all occasions to exercise his thoughts in it reading it no doubt as Kings were commanded to do Deut. 17. 19. and then reading it in his heart in his recurrent meditations according to all opportunities There is but one thing that hinders Davids imitation and the following of so good an example and that is the want of Davids affection which breathes and breaks out in this holy exclamation O how I love thy Law and thence follows his meditation all the day Love desires union and longs to be much with the thing loved Gods great complaint is I have written to him the great things of my Law but they were counted as a strange thing Divers now a dayes look strangely upon Scripture their countenance as it is said of Laban in regard of Jacob is not towards it as it was yesterday and the day before but would they claim kindred of it and say unto Wisdom thou art my Sister and to Vnderstanding thou art my Kinswoman and so grow into an holy familiarity with it then as neer kinred love to look much one upon another so would they look often and with delight into the Book of God and by the frequent reading of it supply themselves with the matter of that heavenly meditation which the Scripture marks in and makes the marks of the choisest servants of God I come now to the Objections of the other sort and which ordinary people use to make to whom I do especially direct this discourse Object 2. We hear the Scriptures read in the Congregation and may not that suffice for us who must of necessity follow our Callings that we may live in the world Answ 1. We cannot but think that the Eunuch coming to Jerusalem to worship Act. 7. 27. heard the Scriptures read there that being one part of the service performed at their Feasts as is expresly declared at the Feast of the Passover when it is said that Hezekiah spake comfortably to the Levites that taught the good knowledge of God In which teaching reading is presupposed for we find it express'd otherwhere and namely that in the Feast of Trumpets the Law was brought before the Congregation and was read from the morning until the mid-day And it is more like it was read at the Feast of Pentecost to which the Eunuch came because in that Feast they remembred the singular benefits of the Lords giving of the Law in Mount Sinai unto them at that very time and their freedom from the cruel Laws of the Egyptians under which they had lived before But though the Law were thus read and heard read in publick yet a good man though a great man is not content to sit and hear the Word read in the Congregation which is I grant a great duty Neh. 8. 3. but he reads also in private yea the Eunuch returning from the Feast and the Reading there reads also sitting in his Charet and Philip is sent to joyn himself to the reading-Charet Answ 2. As for those that say They are imployed all the week in worldly business they ought to know that they have so much the more need to read Scripture that in the crowd of earthly cares and concernments they may not lose their God and their Souls It 's true that ruder people are ready to resolve that it is to be left to Ministers and Monks as Chrysostom relates their words to read Scripture I have wife and children and houshold care sayes one and another why do you press me to read it Now it 's true that it doth most and very highly concern Ministers to read Scripture And that not only for guarding themselves against those Errors which men of better parts then hearts ensnare novices in by abusing their own Reason and Gods Word but also that they be throughly furnished for every good work belonging to them as they are men of God for which though they may be competently enabled and so as to make a good shift by searching the Scripture as they have occasion for their business yet they will never be so compleatly habituated for it unless the ordinary reading and study of Scripture be made their business Ministers therefore are in special bound to give themselves to reading and meditating Scripture that their profiting may appear to all yea that 's in a manner their whole work But this will not excuse People for not reading Scripture unless their mind be that Ministers should be wise to Salvation and not themselves
Men that are every day abroad in the world and still receive wounds have more need of medicines laid up in the Soul-healing Scriptures Answ 3. Now for that part of the Objection wherein living in the world is spoken of all Christians are to be admonished to take heed that they cloke not their negligence and listlesness to the reading of the Word by the pretence of necessity nor shut out Piety by the argument or rather the imagination of Poverty All such things are answered in our Saviours counsel and direction for the best way of thriving in the world which is this Seek ye first the Kingdom of God and his righteousness and all these things shall be added unto you They that say Give us this day our dayly bread before they say Thy Kingdom come may thank themselves if they want the comfort both of that Bread and that Kingdom neither of them being sought in their due place Object 3. But what shall we do that are altogether unlearned and cannot read Answ 1. If you might have learned to read when you were little and would not account it your sin and repent of it and pray God to supply that want otherwise but if you had no means to enable you to read look upon that as your affliction which affliction those careless Parents provide for their children who will not learn them to read in their childhood when they may so easily do it Answ 2. Many there are that being grown up and desirous to read have learned and do learn to read that blessed Book of God If it be more hard for them to learn then for children as indeed it is yet desire and pains prayer may and do overcome the difficulty Say with tears Lord though I be not worthy to open and to read the Book neither to look thereon yet let free grace help and by weeping and praying out of ardent desire to see with thine own eyes the wonders of Gods Word thou mayst well hope God will satisfie thine hungry and thirsty Soul Mat. 5. 6. Answ 3. If thou canst not attain to read thy self yet hear those that can yea strive and take a course to hear them like that poor blind woman in the Book of Martyrs that being uncapable of learning to read her self because she was blind gave a peny or two pence to one another telling them aforehand how much they should read to her upon a price whereby she so profited that she was able to recite many Chapters of the New Testament and to plead for that true Religion for which she was at last a blessed sufferer in those Popish flames They that cannot attain to read have this comfort that it is said not only Blessed is he that readeth but it is added also And blessed are they that hear the words of this Prophesie Hear therefore diligently and write yea desire God to write what thou nearest in thy heart and when it is there read it over and over again by serious meditation Psal 62. 11. Object 4. Though I do read yet I cannot understand What profit is there in it then Answ So the Eunuch might say and did say How can I understand without a Guide But first this is an argument to thee against hearing it read as well as against reading thy self and so thou will shut out both Secondly Many things in Scripture thou mayest and doest understand Thirdly There are two reasons of reading the one is because thou doest understand the other that thou maist understand know therefore that reading what thou doest not understand with a desire to understand is a good way to have a Philip sent unto thee or to move the Lord to move thee to go to a Philip that so thou mayest understand yea Ministers are every where sent to help thee and cause thee by giving the sense to understand the reading And Fourthly If Christ know thou art desirous to know he will help thee to learn and that so as thou shalt see cause to say at last Lord now speakest thou plainly to me in thy Word and speakest no proverb John 16. 17 27. Object 5. But I come weary home with work Will you put me to reading then Answ First Our Saviour shews us that a Servant that comes weary from work is call'd to wait upon his Master before he eat and drink himself Luk. 17. 7 8. and that may teach us that we may not neglect rhe service of our great Lord though we come from the field weary Secondly Reading some part of Scripture is a work of another kind and may be accounted a recreation in regard of hard bodily labour Thirdly There is also a time after labour of refreshing in the use of the creatures by which nature may be so recovered as to be fitted for reading Fourthly He works very hard that will not read a Letter from his Friend from his Prince before he takes his rest If any say The case is not alike for such Letters as come to our hand day by day we have not seen before and therefore we read them without delay but having once perused them we do not still read them Now the Bible we read sometimes our selves and we hear it read often no need therefore to be ever reading it To this I answer that they that read the Book of God well and they that read it most will never make this objection for they know by good experience that the holy Scripture is so full and fathomless that every new reading of it with reverence and lifting up their hearts to God that he would open their eyes to see wonders out of his Word I say every such new reading of it brings a new light into the understanding a new heat into the heart and affections and puts a new life into an holy life As for those who know not this let them betake themselves to the diligent and dutiful reading of Scripture that they may at length know it And they that look upon reading as the receiving of their food will be ready to read often as they receive often the same sort of food The truth is Mens fasting takes away their stomack I mean it is their not reading that makes them unwilling to read for duties well performed bring in that delight which will make them still and make them easily performed To him that hath shall be given Luk. 8. 18. Lay aside therefore dear Christians all carnal excuses and do not use your Bible as you do your better clothes that is on the Lords-day and then lay it aside till the next Lords-day but look upon the words of Gods mouth as Job did that is as upon yea esteeming them more then your necessary food and that will be a motive to you to use it as you do your food to read ordinarily as you feed ordinarily that is twice a day though something may
be committed but a little before the Sacrament Now if this be not justly fastened upon scandalous offenders that they are presently excommunicate de jure then so much is yielded as that some Church-members may be secluded at this or that time from the Sacrament of the Lords Supper which serves to confirm what I intended to shew which is that it is agreed upon on all hands that there may be a restraint in Sacrament-admission notwithstanding Church-membership in case of gross ignorance and notorious scandal And that 's all I aim at it being not in my thoughts to press such a strictness as will hinder access to the Sacrament in its just extent but only to repress such profuse concessions as tend to the abuse of that Ordinance and the danger and discomfort both of Receivers and Admitters I have enlarged thus far much beyond my first purpose partly to clear my way to that which followeth and partly to make tryal being necessitated thereunto by the process of this discourse whether my weak thoughts might contribute any thing to a right sense in this much-debated argument It 's high time now to mind my intended business which is to apply my self to those that are babes in Christ unto whom I shall offer in the most plain way that is in a way of Catechism some Sacrament-instructions And therein shall speak something more generally to acquaint them with the Principles of the Doctrine of Christ and then proceed to such things as do more particularly and immediately concern the Sacrament of the Lords Supper General Questions and Answers for the acquainting of the unlearned with the Foundations of Religion 1. Question What is the first thing in Religion needful to be known by every Christian and especially by every Communicant Answer That the holy Scriptures contained in the Old and New Testament are the Word of God and a perfect rule of faith and life necessary to be known and believed of all that will be saved 1 Tim. 2. 4. Joh. 5. 39. 20. 31. 2. Quest What do the Scriptures principally teach us as more neerly concerning our Salvation Answ Something concerning God and something concerning our selves 3. Quest What are we to know concerning God Answ That there is one only true and everliving God who hath made and doth govern all things in heaven and in earth 4. Quest Is there nothing else necessary to be known concerning God Answ Yes we are to know also that though there be but one God yet in this one God-head there are three distinct Persons the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost each of which is God and yet they are not three Gods but one God of one Substance Power and Eternity 5. Quest What are we to know concerning our selves Answ Something is to be known concerning our condition whilest we live in this present world and something concerning our state after death 6. Quest Concerning our state here and namely the estate of our souls What is there more especially to be observed Answ We should especially know and consider of our good creation miserable fall and gracious redemption 7. Quest How was man at first created Answ Very good for he was made after the Image of God in knowledge righteousness and true holiness 8. Quest How comes it to pass then that men are so bad now or Whence ariseth our miserable fall Answ From Adam's disobedience in eating the forbidden fruit whereby he cast himself and all his posterity into a state of sin and death both temporal and eternal inasmuch as in him all men sinned 9. Quest How could they that were un-born and far from any being when Adam sinned be guilty of his sin and fall with him into so sad a state Answ Even as Levi is said to pay Tithes in Abraham to Melchisedeck though he were not born when Abraham paid them but long after because he was in the loyns of Abrahim when Melchisedeck met him so may all man-kind be said to sin in Adam because they were all in his loyns when he sinned 10. Quest But what reason can be given why it should be so Answ Because the Covenant which God made with Adam was made with him as a common person and so it bound not him alone but took in all his posterity who being rooted and reckoned in him did therefore fall in and with him 1 Cor. 15. 21 22. with Rom. 5. 12. 11. Quest Man being thus faln Shew now what is to be known concerning his Redempâ—ion and restoring Answ That when in regard of the frailty of faln man Life could not be obtained by the righteousness of Works God did not leave him to perish but entred into a new Covenant of Grace for the restoring of him into an estate of righteousness and salvation by a Redeemer Rom. 3. 23 24. 12. Quest Who is the Redeemer Answ The Lord Jesus Christ God and Man in one Person Isa 59 20 21. Luk. 1. 35. 1 Tim. 2. 5. 3. 16. 13. Quest Why must Christ our Redeemer and Mediator be Man Answ That he might in the nature of man that had offended being himself without sin do and suffer whatsoever was necessary for the satisfaction of Gods justice and the salvation of sinful and lost man 14. Quest Why must he be God Answ That he might stand under the infinite wrath of God overcome death with all other enemies of our salvation and that he might give worth and efficacy to his satisfaction and obedience for the perfect purchasing and redeeming of us to himself 15. Quest What is more particularly to be known concerning Jesus Christ our Redeemer Answ We are to know that for the performance of the work of our Redemption he was in the fulness of time conceived by the Holy Ghost born of the Virgin Mary that he dyed for our sins rose again for our justification that he ascended into heaven and there sitteth at the right hand of God to make intercession for us from whence he shall come at the day appointed of God to judge both the quick and the dead 16. Quest Are all men made partakers of the saving benefits of this Redeemer Answ Not so because Christ and his saving benefits are applyed and received only by faith which all have not but the elect only and which they that want are condemned already because they believe not in the Name of the only begotten Son of God 17. Quest Is there not something also to be known and believed concerning the Church Answ Yes we are to believe that there is an holy Catholick that is Universal Church or Congregation gathered out of all quarters of the world wherein forgiveness of sin in the Name of Christ is preached communion of Saints exercised and eternal life obtained 18.
double honour There 's a sad saying for bad Ministers and that is that they are made contemptible and base before all the people by the Lord of Hosts himself I shall now somewhat more largely insist on the duty of people towards Ministers which is 1. more general viz. to know them 2. More particular so to know them as to esteem them very highly in love for their works sake This precept of knowing the Lords labourers may be laid open in three particulars 1. know them with observation 2. with approbation 3. with imitation First know them with observation or with good consideration for they are said not to know that do not consider first God sayes They regard not they consider not and then they have no knowledge so that this knowledge hath in it a considerate taking notice of those that labour in the work of the Ministry As to name some particulars there should be an observing of their calling doctrine and carriage 1. Of their calling for a right and religious respect to Ministers is founded in knowing and observing that God hath called them to an office distinct from all other offices and which it is not lawful for any to meddle with but such as are duly called To omit other parts of a Ministers calling it were well if it were known That the preaching of the Word belongs to them only yet I shall not deny but that in some extraordinary cases as in time of persecution and when Ministers cannot be had and on some special occasion as for tryal of those that are towards the Ministry and with some extraordinary caution that is there being hearers able and appointed to judge of what they speak I say in such cases something may be granted and there may be some allowance to speak in publick given to persons uncalled or not yet called But ordinarily and when there is a setled state of things a Ministers calling is distinct from all other callings as to the matter of publick preaching as appears evidently by those Scriptures which present the preaching of the Word as the principal and most considerable part of a Ministers work for to them it is that Jesus Christ who hath all power given him giveth out power and commission to go and teach as well as administer the Sacraments so that others may no more teach as Gods officers do then baptize yea Paul saith Christ hath sent me not to baptize but to preach the Gospel that is not chiefly to baptize for otherwise the Apostles were both to teach and baptize but Preaching was their chief work And the name of those whom Christ hath given to his Church for continuance are Pastors and Teachers that 's their distinct office all Saints are not such but there are some such for the perfecting of the Saints and the work of the Ministery so that their work lies in teaching they are men that labour in the Word and Doctrine that 's their great business And to them the Word of reconciliation is committed not to all nor any other unless they can prove themselves the Lords Ambassadors Against this it may be objected That Christians also are to teach and admonish Unto which I answer 1. That it doth not appear in Scripture that it is committed to them to declare all the counsel of God to the people of God which yet is a Ministers work Act. 20. 27. Nor can they be ordinarily able to do it being not educated to it and having or being such as ought to have other callings so that they cannot give themselves wholly to this work as a Minister is bound to do and therefore cannot sufficiently and constantly perform it especially considering that when it comes to be looked upon as a common priviledge to appear in publick teaching the more insufficient will step up first 2. Nor is it any where required of private Christians to open and apply Scripture to a Congregation met together for the solemn worship of God for then it were a an in them not to do it and would cast many under a great and long guilt 3. Though they may and ought to teach as it is a Christian duty yet they neither may nor can preach with Ministerial authority and as in Christ's stead because they be not Ambassadours they have no call to it nor commission for it And others being commanded to whom it appertaineth even that excludes them It may be said It pertaineth not to thee O private Christian though a King Thou art not separated from the Congregation of Israel to preach to a Congregation If it be said That they profess they preach only as gifted Brethren and challenge not to themselves the calling and authority of Ministers To this I answer That notwithstanding this there are two evils attend their preaching a loss and a danger 1. There is a loss in it if there be any in office to teach and that because they have no such promise of direction assistance and blessing as called Ministers have for doing good to those to whom they speak so their heaâ—ers are losers 2. And a danger also for if they happen to deliver any thing unsound as such divers times do either through ignorance or faction then common hearers as we see by sad experience in these late times will be more ready to receive an Error from them then a Truth from a Minister and when they have received it they do so eagerly run away with it that there will hardly be any prevailing means to get it out For such is the corruption of nature and so doth Satan put on because it makes for his Kingdom that an uncalled person is by many better accepted then one called and the novelties and curiosities which such use to vent take more with them then the solid doctrine and plam and saving truths delivered by the Lords Messengers But may some say It is not good that the Church should want the benefit of their gifts I answer That besides the making use of them in their Families a duty I fear too much neglected by those that are forward to shew themselves in publick they have further liberty and opportunity to exercise them in Christian meetings and conferences And yet there also is a danger for weak Christians that have honest hearts are soon missed by men high in their parts but not right in their judgement nor low in their hearts if there be not Ministers or others sound in the faith present in the meeting to prevent infection Unto this I add That if there be indeed any private Christians that are eminently gifted the Press is open though the Pulpit be shut Thus far of the first thing that is of knowing Ministers with a knowledge of observation in regard of their calling wherein I have been more large because of the experience we have had
application Such a work was the infirm mans carrying his bed on the Sabbath when Christ had healed him The bearing of burthens on that day for worldly lucre is one of the things that Nehemiah here contends against but that mans carrying his bed became a religious action by being an appurtenance of the Miracle and an open declaration to all men who on that day did more flock together of the grace and power of God by which he was cured under this head may be comprehended those bodily provisions that are truly needful and helpful for our more able and vigorous performance of religious duties or for the glory of God some other way 2. Works of necessity to wit real not feigned and present and apparent not possible only and which may be or not be To this we may refer the Disciples plucking and eating the ears of corn whom Christ excuseth because at that time they as David needed sustenance And add thereto the other plain instance of a Sheeps falling into a pit Matth. 12. 11. which they that so quarrel'd with our Saviour made no scruple to pull out on the Sabbath day 3. Works of mercy as the healing of the woman bound by Satan Lo eighten years Luk. 13. 15 16. A Saviour so merciful would not stand upon healing on the Sabbath day in a case so pitiful for The Sabbath is made for man Mar. 2. 27. that is the rest of the Sabbath is to give place to mans relief And though God propound to us his example of rest on the seventh day for our resting yet we have his example of working also for mans benefit for saith Christ my Father worketh hitherto no Sabbath day excepted to wit in the preservation government and for the good of his Creatures Thus of the first thing belonging to a Sabbath to wit rest Secondly The thing further and chiefly required and which is intended in this rest is holiness Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy wherein is contained 1. A reverent opinion of it to wit as the Lords holy and honourable day There will never be a good observation of it in our practise without an estimation of it in our judgement Men will not leave the world with which nature closeth nor close with God in those holy things which nature is opposite to and in the best too averse from I say they will not do this on a day and that every week which they care not for on which they see no divine character and in the service whereof they expect no divine blessing 2. A dear affection to it calling it a delight and loving to be in the spirit on that day Revel 1. 10. No delight is the companion of contempt but Delight is so far from despising service that it doubleth it 3. An holy imploying of the rest and bestowing of our selves in the duties belonging to such a day This is well express'd in those considerable Articles of Ireland thus The first day of the week which is the Lords day is wholly to be dedicated to the service of God and therefore we are bound therein to rest from our common and daily business and mark what followeth to bestow that leisure upon holy exercises both publike and private Publike exercises are the principal In reference to which publike worship especially the Sabbath is as I conceive said to be a Sign that is an open declaration Whose we are and whom we serve Jona 1. 9. Act. 27. 23. For it doth not follow from the word Sign that the weekly Sabbath is a typical Ceremony If it were so then it should be a sin to observe a Sabbath now since all Ceremonies end in Christ in whom notwithstanding the Christian Sabbath begins as to the day and by whom it is confirmed as it is a weekly day which the fourth Commandement requireth because he declareth that he came not to destroy the Law but to fulfill it It is not therefore a ceremonial sign any more then the signs in the Sacraments are ceremonial but rather a moral and real sign and demonstration how things stand between God and his people which will further appear by looking more narrowly into that place of Ezekiel where it is called a Sign for thus the Prophet expresseth it I gave them my Sabbaths to be a sign between me and them that they might know that I am the Lord that sanctifie them which words are also mentioned and applyed to the weekly Sabbath Exod. 31. 13. 15 16 17. When the Sabbath is said to be a sign the meaning is as some do most probably expound it that it is a document or an instructing Sign and that between God and his people me and you saith the Lord it teacheth and sheweth that which is common to us both to wit on my part that I am your Creator and Sanctifier on your part that you are a people by Me created and sanctified And that it is thus an instructing sign appears by the words following that ye may know as if the Lord had said Look on the Sabbath as a monument of the relation between me and you I would have you know and observe it so to be Upon a nearer view of the words it will be found a teaching sign of these three lessons 1. That God is the Lord that is that Lord who is the only true God Jer. 10. 10. and that because he hath made the Heaven and the Earth v. 11 12. Which the observation of a Sabbath that is resting a seventh day every week in relation to six dayes work clearly holdeth forth for it is in imitation of that God who in six dayes made Heaven and Earth and rested the seventh who can be no other then the true God and Lord of all The second lesson is that this great Lord is the God of his Church or a God in Covenant with them for thus the Lord speaks I am the Lord your God Hallow my Sabbaths and they shall be a sign between me and you that ye may know and learn this lesson that I am your God for Why do they wait upon him a whole day every week but to shew that they own him as their God and that they believe he owns them as his people Hence the Scripture saith They sit before thee as my people and hear thy words The third lesson is that he is the Lord that sanctifieth them which may be understood two wayes 1. Of a sanctification to himself by a separation from the world so as to enjoy the priviledg of his Covenant and so the Scripture speaks Ye shall be holy to me for I the Lord am holy and have severed you from other people that ye should be mine Lev. 20. 26. Exod. 33. 16. 2. And also of an internal renovation and sanctification in spirit and soul and body 1 Thess 5 23. by the Word preached on that day through the
large in all godliness of life all the days of the week and of our life only with this difference that things lawful on other days by the allowance of Scripture and needful also are on the Sabbath-day unlawful because of the distinction made in the fourth Commandement between the Rest and holiness of that weekly day and the work and imployment of the six working-days On all days we should be sober righteous and godly but on the Lords-day we should be in the Spirit more high more ghostly more heavenly and as Moses when he was with God in the Mount more resplendent by the beauty of Holiness Thus of the Sabbath-duty I come now as the Text leads me 3. To the Sabbath Promises ver 14. In the opening of these Promises I shall proceed the better by taking along with me an Observation brought to my hand which is this As the Precepts before are Evangelical so the Promises here are not Jewish or earthly but heavenly for the good things mentioned in the former verse are the operations of the Spirit of God unto which the good things of this world being far inferior they are not so sutable a reward nor is it for Him that is most liberal so to reward them Yet there is no cause of excluding those outward comforts which the letter of the Text in the latter part of the verse layeth before us and which are other-where promised to those that hallow the Sabbath-day the contrary evils whereunto came as hath been shewed on the Jews when they did profane it But it 's true that worldly commodities and contentments are not here promised only the first promise is very spiritual nor chiefly but rather when these outward things are mentioned sutable to the Ear and to the Heart and to the state of a Jew and which God was ready to perform to them in the letter I say when these things are mentioned in the Old Testament higher and more spiritual things are usually meant yea a reward reaching to Eternity which through Jesus Christ our Lord is given to the sincere and spiritual observers of Gods Commandements whereof this of the Sabbath is one and therefore the good promises laid down here may well be taken in that extent whereof there is the more reason because the later promises here specified are in the tenour of them and as they stand in the letter proper to the Jewish people and therefore either this Scripture must not be for our use or else some other thing must be meant then the words in themselves express I shall therefore take the Promises as they lie in the Text and take in all the commodity and comfort whether outward or spiritual that may be truly collected from them to encourage all men in the Sabbath duty and consequently in the pursuit of all Religion which is the thing that is intended in and which ariseth from the holy observation of the Sabbath-day Now whereas Pleasure and Preferment and Profit are the great Motives to make men to do willingly what is desired or required of them all these are here set before us as the reward of Sabbath-Piety 1. Pleasure Then shalt thou delight thy self in the Lord This is a special and most spiritual promise unto that man to whom the study of Vertue and Sanctification of the Sabbath is a delight the Lord himself shall be in stead of all delights which may be said to be especially by a more abundant fellowship with God on that day wherein we lay all aside that we may associate and solace our selves with Him This delightsom Communion with God is enjoyed three wayes 1. In the Ministery of the Word whereby we have fellowship indeed with Ministers but truly their fellowship and so that fellowship is with the Father and with his Son Jesus Christ and what 's the effect of it but delight and full joy For the goodness of Gods House is very satisfying and by hearing the Word we eat that which is good and the soul delights it self in fatness 2. In the duty of Private Meditation wherein the faithful soul is satisfied as with marrow and fatness by the remembrance of God 3. In Prayer for delight in the Almighty is accompanyed with lifting up the face to God to look for every good thing from Him when on the contrary the hypocrite that delighteth not himself in him will not always call on him but others are joyful in the House of Prayer Isa 56. 7. In such wayes as these God makes his faithful servants to drink of the River of his delights having to do with God their exceeding joy Psal 43. 4. And the delight is more large and full by those many considerations of one kind and another by which this great Lord makes himself most amiable and wholly delectable to those that are acquainted with him as the great benefit of his Providence which makes them resolve to own him and set up their Rest in him together with his safe and sweet protection not only from outward but spiritual Enemies and Evils which makes them sit under his shadow with great delight unto which we may add their outward enjoyments the comfortable use whereof being well sum'd up is nothing else but a delighting themselves in the great goodness of God Briefly the light of Gods countenance the benefit of his counsel here and the assurance of his glory hereafter make his most afflicted servants upon serious consideration and Sanctuary information exceedingly to rejoyce and glory in him and to do as they do who would take their fill of delight one with another and that is to shut all others out and say None but Thee Psal 73. 24 25. Thus the duty and reward have both one name Delight in the Sabbath of the Lord is the duty and Delight in the Lord of the Sabbath is the reward O How poor and base are the delights of those men unto whom the holiness of the Sabbath-day yea by the same reason of any day is a heavy and ill-belov'd business They can delight in a Dinah they have what they would have when they walk in lasciviousness lusts excess of Wine Revellings Banquetings And they that are something better yet rejoyce and delight in a thing of nought as Wealth Power Policy their delights at best are but the delights of the sons of men Eccles 2. 8. not of the sons of God for They say The desire of our soul is to thee and the remembrance of thee This is a well-grounded well-placed and hopeful delight for it is in Him that is Almighty al-sufficient a profitable delight for it 's a very great absurdity and Atheism to say It profiteth a man nothing that he should delight himself with God I say to say so deliberately and not in some great tentation It is a sweet delight for it is in him that is altogether
fellowship with the Father and with his Son Jesus Christ Albeit therefore I shall easily grant that we have great cause to desire God to be merciful to us in this thing that our delight in Sabbath-duties is so dim yet it doth not follow from thence that there is none If God should take away Sabbaths from us I doubt not but that in all good Christians the grief would prove the delight for no man is grieved to lose what he never lov'd nor took any pleasure in I say it is thus in all good and truly godly and especially greatly-godly persons for as the man is so is his delight No marvel if the men of the world say When will the Sabbath be gone No wonder if the holy and strict observation thereof be unto carnal people and persons that savour not the things of God like Saul's Armour to David they cannot tell how to go with or undergo matters of so spiritual a nature for they never prov'd them they were never us'd to such things But on the other side the same spiritual observation of the Lords-day unto a spiritual Christian is like Jonathan's robe and his garments even his Sword his Bow and his Girdle to the same David which no doubt he us'd and wore with much delight they being great testimonies of Jonathan's singular love to him and signs and symbols of the Covenant made with him as also the Lords-Sabbath and the Ordinances thereof are great tokens of his special love to us and a sign of his holy Covenant made with us Ezek. 20. 12. O why should not the Lords-day be our delight Is there not full joy in fellowship with God the Father and with Jesus Christ in the Preaching and with the Preachers of the Gospel Is not Christ who is observed to appear on that day again and again to his Disciples after his Resurrection and is still in the Assemblies of the Saints and in the Ministry of his Servants I say Is not He the desire and the delight of all Nations And who is it that is the Comforter and solace of Saints but that holy Spirit with whom the Servants of God have much to do on that day in heavenly Meditations So that if the whole Trinity Father Son and Holy Ghost can minister any delight unto us then may we call the Sabbath a delight for therein God our Creator Redeemer and Sanctifier doth eminently appear and operate This is a day very useful and subservient to all the necessities of our souls If we be ignorant in any thing or in many things on this day we are all taught of God It 's a Soul-enlightning day If we be as we are Strangers in the Earth on this day we are most taught the way to our Countrey It 's a Soul-guiding day Psal 73. 17 24. If we hunger and thirst after Righteousness the spiritual Manna falls from Heaven and water comes out of that Rock which is Christ principally upon this day It 's a Soul-satisfying day If we languish under spiritual diseases or lie low under outward calamities on this day the Lord offereth Medicines in the Ministry for all our Maladies It 's a Soul-restoring-day Christ heals still on Sabbath days And that I may once conclude could we be in the Spirit upon the Lords-day as we ought to be or as we might be for I do not mean extraordinarily as John was but having our hearts taken up with and heightned in the pure spiritual observation of it we might have then a fair sight yea a sweet sense of that unspeakably glorious Sabbath which right and real Saints shall shortly celebrate all together in the heavenly Canaan where there remaineth a rest or the keeping of a Sabbath to the people of God Heb 4. 9. The Second Part. CHAP. I. Of Family-Duties AFter the four Christian-duties spoken of in the fore-going part I shall now proceed to four other Family-duties the first whereof because Religion is rooted in knowledge may well be Family-Catechising I say Family-Catechising for I shall not here speak of Catechising in its general extent but only apply my self to it as it is a duty belonging to Christians in their several Families which godly Exercise I shall endeavour to assist and perswade unto by Texts of Scripture first and some Arguments and Motives after Texts of Scripture to prove Catechising in Families a duty It is not my purpose here to mention every Text of Scripture that gives strength to this necessary duty but shall content my self with the naming and with the opening of two Texts in the Old-Testament and one in the New The first in the Old Testament is Deut. 6. 6 7. These words which I command thee this day shall be in thy heart And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house and when thou walkest by the way and when thou liest down and when thou risest up For the opening of this Scripture and the awakening of Conscience to a due consideration of it there comes to be considered in the first place Who it is that speaks in it even the Eternal God by his Servant Moses that was faithful in all his house Remember that it is He that saith Keep these words that I command thee this day But How must Parents keep them For to Parents and every Parent God here speaks and in answer to that question saith These words shall be in thine heart yet are they not only to be in the hearts of those that have Families but in their houses therefore it is added Thou shalt teach them thy children Nor was this a Ceremonial Precept or a Commandement given peculiarly to the Jews for their assistance in the remembrance of the Law of God as their Phylacteries fringes and fastning the Law to their door-posts but it was and is a moral and perpetual Precept binding us in Gospel-times as well as them and therefore the very same things that we read in this Text we find also in the New-Testament That is 1. That the Word of Christ must dwell in us which is all one with this here Let it be in thine heart And 2. That it must be in our houses also for Parents are required to bring up their children in the nurture and information of the Lord In obedience therefore to this standing Command they to whom God hath given children should say as the Psalmist doth Come ye children hearken to me I will teach you the fear of the Lord And when the children be come together the Spirit of God in the Text we have in hand teacheth in what manner they are to be taught saying Thou shalt teach them diligently and in the margent of our Bibles it is Thou shalt whet or sharpen which is well and plainly expressed in the Text by teaching diligently but yet the word in the Original doth
more particularly note out a teaching by way of repetition and going over and over again as men do with Knives when they whet them that so as the Knife by such whetting is more keen and fit to cut so religious Instructions by often turning and returning them on the ears and tongues of children may pierce more deeply into their hearts for their better understanding and affecting of them Parents and those over others like the Heavens over our heads should be still as there is occasion and opportunity distilling and dropping down heavenly Instructions from their own understandings and hearts into their houses and upon their children and inferiours that so they may sink soak by little and little into their hearts for abundant after-fruit And I mention Inferiours that is others that are under the care and charge of Housholders together with Children because of that which is observed on this place out of the Hebrew Doctors to wit that though only children or sons are here named yet under this name they understand not the natural Sons only but Scholars also or Disciples because in Scripture Disciples are called Sons as the Sons of the Prophets so Solomon in the Book of the Proverbs still saith My Son And the extending of the command thus far is favoured by the words following Thou shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thy house walkest by the way sittest down risest up and why thus in the house but that the whole house may be edified whilest the holy light of Knowledge in Parents and Housholders is not put under a Bushel but by their Catechising set up in a Candlestick that it may enlighten the whole house which is further also confirmed by the approved example of Abraham in the story of whose Catechising not only his children are mentioned but his houshold also is added Gen. 18. 19. The other Text that I shall alleadge out of the Old Testament is Prov. 22. 6. Train up a child in the way he should go or as it is in the Margin in his way This Precept is well and plainly expressed thus Teach a Boy in the first Principles to wit of the Doctrine of Christ Train him up or as it is in the Margent of our Bibles Catechise him The Hebrew word signifieth the doing of the first things in any thing more particularly it is used for the instructing of others or the entring of them in or delivering to them the first elements and grounds especially of Religion to which it is here applyed It is rendred therefore by some Initiate a child or dedicate him to God being yet a child For further opening hereof It may not be amiss to observe that in former times they did use to dedicate unto God holy things by a sacred Dedication with certain sacred Rites and Ceremonies as the House of God 2 Chron. 7. 7. the Wall of Jerusalem Neh. 12. 27. especially the Altar Numb 7. 8. 2 Chron. 7. 9. So Judas and his Brethren with the whole Congregation of Israel ordained that the Feast of Dedication for the Altar they had newly set up should be kept from year to year 1 Mac. 4. 59. which we find in our Saviours time observed and countenanced with his presence Joh. 10. 22. Yea of old they did use to dedicate their own houses also with a more common but yet religious and pious Dedication as we see David did Psal 30. title to wit as accounting God himself the Lord of their Houses and themselve his Tenants at Will who were therefore to use their Houses as His and according to his will The substance of this we may say concerns us in these times also Now to apply this As godly men in former times have dedicated both holy things and their houses unto God when they were first made and set up so should Christian Parents look upon their children when they are newly brought into the world as those whom by their timely Teaching and Catechising they are to dedicate and consecrate unto that God from whom they have them Yet There is no cause so to limit it to little children or to Parents children as that it should not be extended to other young ones though not so young in the Family since the word that is rendred a child here is translated well otherwhere a young man And indeed Housholders are not only the Fathers of their children but of the Family The servant doth by good reason call the Master Father and that Father should instruct such sons in a way beseeming their age However the duty will further appear by proceeding further in the forecited Text which teacheth to train up a child in the way he should go or as it is in the Hebrew in the mouth of his way that is in the beginning or entry of his worldly race for so the Gate through which persons first enter into the City is called in Scripture the mouth of the City Others explain it thus according to the mouth of his way that is that measure of apprehension and that degree of capacity which he hath in his first entry into his way without delaying till he be grown up or pressing him above that which his age is able to reach Begin with him then as he is able to receive and conceive of things in those beginnings Heb. 6. 1. which hold forth the first light to guide him in his way for Understanding Piety and godly Behaviour is the way even of Younglings and being so it is good to set them forward in so happy a journey in the morning that they may take the whole day beforethem Object But a child hath not so much understanding as to receive and repeat with reverence the things of God and so the Catechising of him will be the taking of Gods Name in vain which is a plain sin Answ If this must hinder Catechising Who knows how long it will be hindred for even children well grown up being not catechised before are not like at their first teaching so to understand what is said to them as to recite and repeat it with due reverence It may something help in this that we find Christ himself instructing Nicodemus in the mystery of Regeneration when he was able to return him only this sorry and unbeseeming Answer How can a man be born again when he is old can he enter the second time into his mothers womb Yea after that we find our Saviour delivering a divine truth to those that were known to be his Disciples and who still accompanyed him and repeated themselves what he spake to them in the very same words wherein he delivered it and yet when all was done confessed they could not tell what he said yet we may not say that by reason of that their ignorance they took that Name of God in vain which is imprinted on every Word of God
as in this and things of the like nature Carnal-reason stands upon its guard and will yield to no more then needs it must and men devoted to the World and the Flesh are very witty to keep out of their Houses this kind of Devotion in as much as it seems to be a disadvantage and impediment to their better beloved wayes I shall therefore lay before the Religious Reader such Considerations as I conceive most material for the urging and establishing of this holy Exercise Wherein all I have to say may be summed up into Grounds of Scripture and Reason agreeing with Scripture Scripture-grounds I shall put into the four following Positions The first Position General Rules and Doctrines of Scripture are binding in all those particulars that are rightly drawn and deduced from them In this way our Saviour proves the Resurrection of the body to wit from this general ground of Scripture that God is the God of Abraham Issac and Jacob and he is not the God of the dead but of the living Hence it followeth that Abraham Issac and Jacob must of necessity live and that everlastingly God being their God for evermore because the Covenant is an everlasting Covenant yet their bodies are now dead therefore to make good the promise of their eternal enjoyment of God in their living persons consisting of body and soul their bodies shall certainly and unquestionably be raised In the same manner also Paul resolveth the Corinthians in the matter of Mariage putting a difference between what God spake from himself by express Command and what he spake by him as a faithful Minister according to the mind of Christ in a case where there was no precise and special Precept Concerning the first he saith Not I command but the Lord that is it is the plain will of Christ as appears by his words Mat. 5. 31 32. 19. 6 9. that they that are marryed should not part unless for that Adultery which God declares dissolves the marriage-bond one from another But now coming to another question to wit Whether the unmarried should marry and whether they that had virgins were bound to bestow them in marriage he expresseth himself thus I say v. 8. not the Lord and not I as v. 10. and more plainly v. 25. I have NO commandement of the Lord that is there is no particular and certain Precept in the Word of God to bind any particular man simply to Marry or not to Marry a single life being no where either commanded or forbidden yet saith he I give my judgement that is in a thing which in it self is indifferent I give my advice and counsel but withal signifyeth that what he saith is not to be looked upon as the judgement of an ordinary man that may be taken or left as men list but as the determination of a Minister and Apostle of Christ who obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful that is faithful to teach and declare as the Doctor of the Church the mind of God and that by the Spirit of God v. 40. to those that sought to him for his advice And therefore whilest he advised them unto that which in regard of the circumstances was most expedient they were bound to reverence and observe it from which counsel notwithstanding out of that case and if not clothed with such circumstances as he mentioneth they might recede without sin which cannot be said of an express Commandement of God But that which I would more especially observe is that Paul being sought by the Corinthians to inform them about Mariage doth not resolve them absolutely and enjoyn them either to Marry or not to Marry because he had no special word of God for it but he gives his judgement for taking the one course or the other according as he stated it And to come to my purpose he stated it according to those general grounds of Scripture by which as he was guided to give them a sound Answer so they were bound to a ready and reverend receiving of it For what doth he say or what grounds doth he lay but that Christians are not to enter into the Marryed estate 1. Wantonly fancying an high felicity in it and so longing vainly after it Nay saith the Apostle you must make account to have trouble in the flesh you must not think there 's all comfort in that estate and nothing else 2. Inconsiderately Never weighing though perhaps they be put in mind of them and acknowledge them yet I say never pondering nor weighing wisely the cares and crosses attending that estate especially in a time of persecution which the Apostle looked much at in what he speaketh and would have them before whom it now was to look at it also for in such a time the Church is so tossed to and fro that the very present necessity cries loud for their withdrawing from any thing that will add to their burthen as Marriage will if they may be without it without sin 3. Irreligiously that is without a serious and godly thinking of this own main thing that it is our duty to design and dispose our selves into that estate wherein we may attend upon the Lord without or with least distraction Now All these things are so sutable to the sense of Scripture and to Reason also enlightened by Divine Revelation that if men will not be thus ruled it shews they are not willing God should rule them It 's true indeed that Ministers now are not infallible nor to be compared with Paul as an Apostle but yet this may be inferred from Paul's way of answering the Corinthian Questions That any thing is binding truly that is deduced from the generals of Scripture rightly else could no use be made at all now of general Scripture-truths as to the deciding of particular cases because no man now is infallible and so men must be left to do what they list in those things that are not particularly and punctually defined and determined by the Word of God And How many such things are there wherein if we set aside the general sayings and declarations of the Word it will be hard for Ministers to know what to say To mention some familiar Instances We cannot tell Christian Women particularly what clothes they should wear or how they should dress themselves but we can tell them from God that they must adorn themselves in medest apparel with shamefastness and sobriety which shuts out as absolutely unlawful platted hair or gold or pearls or costly aray I say as absolutely unlawful so far and so used as they crosse that general rule of Modesty Shamefastness and Sobriety and arise from Pride Lightness Luxury and Intemperance Again we cannot say just how much men should eat and drink at a Meal or a Meeting but we may and must tell them and our selves that Whether we eat or drink it must be to the glory of God which strikes strongly at
Praying Act. 12. 12. are called by the name of Church And then it will shew that it was then the use of Christians to perform religious duties in their Families wherein they were glad to have others accompany them as it is with godly Housholders at this day The third Position Every promise of Scripture made to any duty contains in it a vertual command as every command contains a promise else if that be not done which is the condition of the promise the promise will lie unperformed and so come to nothing Now the promise is that If two agree together on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask it shall be done for them in Heaven for where two or three are gathered together in my Name saith Christ there am I in the midst of them It 's true that as the words stand in the Context they have a respect to Church-discipline and are in their more particular Application a Confirmation of that but yet the words being general they are justly applyed to the religious meetings of Gods people in a generality As otherwhere therefore saith Calvin God promiseth to lend a gracious ear to the private prayers of every one of his Servants so here Christ adorns and honours publike Prayers with a singular Promise that thereby he may more earnestly draw us to a regard of them which may appear because Christs speech is so large as that he saith touching any thing they shall ask so that he doth not appropriate the promise to that particular case which is there spoken to but extendeth it to any other thing which shall be presented to God according to his will in the united Petitions of his united Servants Hence I argue that if there be two or three more or fewer in a Family if they will challenge the benefit of this promise they must come together yea by this gracious promise they are call'd together to pray and seek God together for it is union in duty and particularly in Prayer that our Saviour in that Text and Promise doth allure and encourage us unto And what two or three are there who have any acquaintance with God that would be without more of God for want of coming and praying together the more to enjoy him The fourth Position Every dreadful threatning contains in it a real and a moving forbidding of that which will bring upon us the thing threatened Now the Scripture saith Pour out thy fury upon the Heathen that know thee not and the Families which call not upon thy Name who if they be not Heathens yet in that they are like Heathens Here it may be said and I shall grant it that the word Families in Scripture is an expression of Nations for at one time it was said to Abram In thee shall all the Families of the Earth be blessed and at another time all the Nations of the Earth but withall I add that it is an expression and description of Nations as they are distributed as all Nations are into Families and Housholds and so the curse lies as upon such Nations so on all Families not calling upon God as the subordinate bodies of those Nations yea therein it lies most heavily upon the whole Nations Object The Prophet Jeremiah speaks there of Idolaters that call not on the true God Answ I deny not that but here let it be observ'd that the thing which the Prophet mentions is not the worshipping of false gods but the not-worshipping or the not-calling upon the true God which is a thing that nor only Heathens are guilty of but bad men in the Church also withal it is to be marked that he names Families and fixeth the curse on them under this title of not calling on the name of God If then other Families agree with them in their description that is that they do not know and own God in calling upon his Name let them consider whether they be not under the danger of this Imprecation I know there is a further reason of the Curse added in the conclusion that is because they eat devour and consume Jacob but yet the subjects of the curse are such as know not God and call not on his Name And this and opposing and oppressing the Servants of God go together not only out of the Church but in it I am loth to speak over-severely of Families wherein for want of Instruction and acquaintance with the necessity of such a duty Prayer is wanting but let all men mark when there is a persecution Whether Prayerless-Families be not the Persecuting-Families though all of them be not such In this the Scripture is clear which speaks of corrupt men in the Church just as Jeremy speaks of Heathens here describing them to be such as know not God for they say There is no God and that eat up Gods people as bread and call not upon the Lord so that the neglecting of all Religion set forth by calling on God and the hatred and opposition of godly men go together To conclude this What are the Housholds of Christians Are they not or should they not be Families fearing God And the fear of God with all a mans house and praying to God always are joyned together as the casting off fear and restraining Prayer before God though ill applyed to Job elsewhere are Again Should not the particular Houshold of Christians be like the whole Household Housholds of faith And if they be so then surely they will be Praying-Families for trusting in God and pouring forth the heart before him go together From all this it followeth that calling on the Name of the Lord is not only that which putteth a difference between the Church and Heathens and between persons converted and unconverted but which we may observe at this day that which makes a remarkable difference between Housholders fearing God and acquainted with Religion and those that are not such I do not say that all that have Prayer in their Family are truly good but certainly their goodness is very young and very immature that have it not and they have very much cause to inquire Whether they have any at all that care not to have it In such ways as these God calls upon us to call upon Him together with our Family Though it be not said in so many words that every Christian Housholder is to pray with his Houshold yet this is really said in Scripture that they are to glorifie God in their Families And that they are to serve God in their Families by performing that duty of Prayer wherein the whole service of God is held forth And that they should bless their Housholds and take the best course which is the course of Prayer with them to procure Gods blessing upon them If such things as these will not serve to make Housholders godly they will sure serve to make them inexcusable for
ceasing I speak not here of so much or so long which occasions may very but to live a whole day without God and without any intercourse with God by Prayer unless in case of inability of body or mind whereby a Christian is not himself is that which the Spirit of God in Scripture will not bear with and which the spirit of a godly man cannot bear which may be discovered in Daniel though his were a special case who when there was a decree for thirty days could not forbear his praying to God three times a day for one day Dan. 6. 10. Thus in general for dayly Prayer which Conscience will easily carry and help these reasons to reach to Family-Prayer the rather because the faults and wants of Families are laid on the Governour of the Family and the charge is drawn up against the House as we see in the case of Eli's sons 1 Sam. 2. 29. 30. Besides that a true worshipper of God is loth God should be from home from his home a whole day together It is enquired Secondly When this duty is to be performed whether it be by single Persons or by Societies wherein it is granted that Christians are not tyed to any set hours in the day and yet it is profitable as Calvin speaks to have some certain hours consecrated to Prayer lest Prayer should be forgotten which ought to be preferred before all other cares and concernments Set-hours do not bind but mind Conscience and give it the advantage of pleading prescription The occasions and frame of every Family will point at the fittest times for Family-duty wherein if any hindrance arise at the ordinary fixed time the next convenient time is to be chosen But the common season for this service will be comprehended within the general names and times of Morning and Evening At which times both Scripture and Reason and the common custom of persons professing any Religion call us to this duty of Calling upon God 1. Scripture To wit by the legal Sacrifices enjoyned the people of God Morning and Evening under the Law whereunto Incense a Type of Prayer was added which may shew that we are to offer unto God the fruit of our lips and spiritual Sacrifices day by day continually Hereunto agreeth the example of David who directed his Prayer to God in the morning and the lifting up of whose hands were the Evening Sacrifice which thing is prophesied of also concerning the Gentiles after the Jewish manner of speaking but to be understood spiritually as that whereby the name of God should be greatned from the rising of the Sun to the going down of the same Unto this it may be added that whereas it was commanded the Jews to offer two Lambs day by day continually the one in the Morning the other at Evening the Hebrew Doctors say thereupon that The continual Sacrifice of the morning made Atonement for the Iniquities that were done in the night and the Evening Sacrifice made Atonement for the Iniquities that were by day And sure in all Families there 's great need of such an Atonement for all persons which is no way to be had but by the Sacrifice of Jesus Christ Nor is the benefit of that to be had but in the Publicans way that is in a way of Prayer and humble suing for it Nor can there be a fitter time to seek it and come to the Sacrifice then in the Morning for the sins of the Night for which otherwise we may be smitten before Night and in Night for the sins of the Day for which otherwise we may be destroyed before the Morning Yea This is one thing whereby according to the Old-Testament usage the holy substance whereof still continueth I say this is one thing whereby our Houses may be dedicated to God whose Tenants at Will we are to wit by dayly Prayer 2. Reason and the light of Nature which leads all sorts of people to use some kind of Prayer when they rise up and lie down and that upon great reason extending it self to Family-Prayer that is because it is God that makes men and their Families prosper by day and to sleep safely in the night Great reason hath every man in his dwelling to say I will kneel down and pray before he say I will lie down and sleep and that because he must needs say if he will speak truth Thou Lord only makest me dwell in safety Psal 4. 8. The mercies of this God are new every morning Great is his faithfulness Lam. 3. 23. and therefore great reason there is to shew forth his loving kindness in the Morning and his faithfulness every Night Psal 92. 2. I shall say no more but this Use Family-Prayer conscionably and faithfully observe the effect of it diligently and wisely and then it will plead for it self abundantly As Knowledge hath no Enemy but such as do not know so Prayer hath no Enemy but such as do not pray or pray only for a fashion and because they cannot either for fear or shame omit it or because they think to make God indebted by it and obliged to prosper them in their affairs otherwise the holy and happy use of Prayer will sufficiently apologize for it and perswade to it And that in the Family the Houses of those wherein God in that way is entertained being unless God see cause of doing otherwise for a greater good then outward prosperity is like the House of Obed-edom all whose Houshold was blessed whilest the Ark continued there spiritual Exercises being accompanyed not only with spiritual but even with outward advantages and God being where he abides like the Sun to make chearful and the Rain to make fruitful Hos 6. 3. Thus far of Family-Prayer referring a short Form of Prayer for Morning and Evening for the use of weak Christians unto the end and close of this Treatise And shall in the mean time speak very briefly having spoken so largely of the things already handled of two other holy Houshold-Exercises to wit Repeating of Sermons and Singing of Psalms CHAP. III. Of Repetition of Sermons in Families THe Repeating of Sermons I shall endeavour to move Christians unto as I have done in other things before-mentioned both by Scripture and Reason Grounds of Scripture for Sermon-Repetition The first Scripture I shall mention is Jer. 36. 2 6. where the Lord first commands Jeremy to write all the words which he had spoken from the days of Josiah unto that day and thereupon Jeremy calls Baruch to write them from his mouth and then commands him to read what he had written in the ears of the people that so they might be brought to serious repentance for the preventing of their ruine which sheweth that things preached by Ministers as Jeremie's Sermons were in the Temple or Instructions delivered from Ministers mouths as these words were now from Jeremie's mouth being written
pronounced might not come upon them Now Albeit that occasion was a more special occasion yet this end is a common end which whilest it lets us see that the writing and reading of Sermons preached is a good means yea Gods means to work the heart to goodness it doth thereby perswade us to imitation and for attaining the same end to take the same course which if it be done more solemnly in a day of Humiliation as then it was it is probable it will prevail the more Thus far I have spoken by occasion of this Scripture with special respect to the Writing of Sermons and now I shall briefly add that here is recommended 2. The Repeating of them Because for that reason it was that the words spoken by the mouth of Jeremy must be written by Baruch to wit that they might be read and repeated to those to whom they were first delivered by the mouth of Baruch And the remainder of the Chapter sheweth also that they were again read and repeated before the Nobles and the King And this declareth the use of Noting Sermons which is not to lay them up in Books and there leave them but to repeat and communicate them to others Indeed it 's true that what was done here was done by the Lords direction and what was read here was read in the Lords House But there being no just cause to appropriate this course for the substance of it to any time or people we have reason to say that this Divine direction at this time casts an honour and an approbation upon the same course in the generallity at all times and Gods end in this Reading and Repeating in His House justly mindes us of the benefit that may be had from it in our own houses I mean according as the matter is which is preached written and repeated for it is not always of that kind that these words here were but whatever sort of matter it be this Writing and Repeating is a way to make it more familiar to us and fruitful in us Thus of this Scripture The second Scripture that I shall mention is Col. 4. 16. where the Apostle ordereth first that the Epistle written to the Colossians should be read among them And then that they should cause it to be read also in the Church of the Laodiceans for it was not written as one saith to Colossians as Colossians for the substance of it but to the Colossians as Christians and so it was for the use of Christians generally albeit there was it's like a special respect in it to other Churches in the same Countrey and namely that of Laodicea which it is conceived laboured under the same spiritual diseases that the Colossians did and sure were in danger of being taken with those Errours that are mentioned in the second Chapter of that Epistle Now as this Scripture makes much for the reading of Scripture and for the communicating of holy Instructions by one Church to another so by the like reason and for the same ends it recommendeth also the imparting of the things of God once delivered by Ministers as this Epistle was by Paul by one Christian to another and that especially where their Interest Opportunity and Charge lies most which we know to be in their respective Families Unto the two former Scriptures I shall add one General Sentence more which though I intend not to insist upon yet Ingenuity and Piety will make it helpful to this holy Exercise The words are these God hath spoken once twice I have heard this which howsoever it may be understood of our hearing twice because God speaks to us twice yet it is also a good Interpretation and very suitable to the words as they are rendred in our Translation which Calvin writing upon those words reciteth to wit that though God speak but once yet we should hear it twice that is revolve it ponder it and make our selves to hear it again and again which will be aptly applyed to the matter in hand if we say that when God speaks once that is by his Minister in Preaching then we are to hear twice that is as by Meditation in our hearts so also by Repetition wherein there is apparently a second hearing in our houses Hitherto of Scripture-Grounds for Family-Repetition I proceed now to the Reasons that may be given of this labour of Love and whereby the minds of godly persons may be confirmed in this practise of Piety In the first place I shall lay down a General reason drawn from the manifold profit that ariseth from Sermon-Repetition For thereby 1. The Sermon is better understood by a second skanning 2. Better remembered by a new recalling 3. Better digested and nourishing better by chewing the cud that is by fetching up that spiritual food again which is already received but not sufficiently prepared and therefore it must be gone over again that being well concocted the Soul may prove the better by it 4. Better laid up in the heart by harrowing after the first sowing unto which Meditation and Repetition may be compared whereby any thing harder is broken and the seed sown is covered and kept safe Writing without reciting lays the Sermon up in the Book and there leaves it but Repetition houseth it in the heart which is the proper place where it ought to dwell 5. Better expressed in the life by those fresher and stronger impressions in the heart which the calling of that we have heard to mind and to a new consideration leaves behind it Now the better impressions there be within and the more the Word is wrought into the heart the better expressions and the more holy fruit there will be without for Out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh Matth. 12. 34. And so the hand worketh the foot walketh and the whole man acteth Thus in general In the next place I shall make use of some more particular Reasons of Repetition and that both in regard of our selves and others In regard of our selves There are three things considerable 1. That this Reviewing of Sermons and spending more of our time and thoughts upon them is an effectual means of growing up in a right knowledge of Religion for the abilities and studies of Ministers especially their Scripture-studies are much sum'd up in their Sermons which therefore being first attentively heard which writing ties the hearer unto and afterward more deliberately considered of in the Repetition do thereby possess the hearer in a good degree with the Ministers sufficiency besides that he freeth himself also from that sad imputation of being ever learning and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth Hence it is that the Beroeans were so careful of and are so much commended for not only an hearing with all readiness of mind but also a taking up of what they had heard into their thoughts afterward Searching the Scriptures whether those things were
so yea Hence also Ministers themselves do write and preach the same things again and again because whatsoever tediousness there be in it in it self and to themselves yet they are sure it is safe for their people and a great Preservative against the Infection of Errour which is so much against Christians safety and salvation 1 Cor. 15. 1 2. 2. It is to be carefully considered and weighed that faithful Ministers and provident Pastors speak to the diseases of their people as Paul did to the disease of the Romans which was a backwardness in receiving the Faith and so the Apostle James to the disease of those to whom he wrote which was though they received and professed the Faith yet to be careless of a godly life and those good works wherein Faith if it be not a dead Faith is fruitful upon this ground I infer that albeit there be many printed Sermons which Christians may very profitably read and ought so to do yet the matter of them is not like to be so proper to and fitted for their spiritual condition as the Sermons of their own Pastor who being such a one as he ought to be is like Paul diligent to know their particular state and constitution and sollicitous to dispense and administer that Instruction which is most suitable thereunto 3. And every hearer should very seriously take this to heart that he is to give a special account of the Sermons which himself heareth as being therein more concerned and more charged then in those that are preached to other hearers As the great works of God should in that very respect move us the more because our own eyes have seen them So the Words of God also because our own ears have heard them A Kings charge in the Subjects own hearing works much for obedience notwithstanding all tentations to the contrary The Sermons preached to us are our Talents which we are to trade withall as those of whom it shall shortly be demanded what we have gained Now every mans reason will tell him that of that whereof he is to give a special account it behoveth him to take and make a special account which easily falleth into Noting and Repetition In regard of others also this course is very considerable it being much fo the spiritual good and growth of those who have not heard to hear and have though at second hand the things heard by others Hence godly and devout Christians have ever been careful of this Communication As Bees bring what they have gotten abroad home to their Hive so do good Hearers to their House and Family and as they that go to the Market bring with them bodily Provision for the rest of the Houshold that have not been there so doth a provident Hearer spiritual Provision By which means the same good effect may arise which we find wrought upon the Samaritans by what the woman of Samaria testified unto them concerning the Messiah which was that many of the Samaritans believed on him for the saying of that woman that is that was a good preparation and excitation to their after full and firm believing of which they give this account to the woman Now we believe not because of thy saying for we have heard him our selves Accordingly Christians communicating and repeating in the ears of others the good Instructions they have heard and noted themselves may stir up in others holy affections and prepare their hearts unto the Lord but then all comes to perfection and to a solid setting of the soul in frame by hearing in their own persons from the Ministers of Christ that which hath been before repeated and testified to them by the hearing of others To conclude I doubt not but divers have found by their experience I am sure I have found it by my own that Sermons have divers times come nearer the heart and under more Observation in the Repetition then in the first Hearing Not but that the Word preached by the Messenger of the Lord of Hosts is the principal and highest means of Edisication and Salvation but yet besides that every man sees more by a review then at first sight God is pleased so far to shew his liking of the conscientious use of every Christian exercise and assistance as to follow it with a sensible addition of spiritual profit so that the searching Hearer is the noble and the thriving Hearer And to this experience I shall leave the religious Reader thereby to make up what might be further spoken for the Confirmation and Commendation of this godly Family Exercise CHAP. IV. Of Singing of Psalms and namely in Families THe last duty that I shall speak of in some generality but with respect also to the respective Families of Christians is Singing of Psalms For the better establishing whereof I shall in the first place endeavour to take out of the way what is objected against it I say objected against it not so much in our days formerly as in these latter days wherein many have so cast off all Forms of Godliness and under that name Gods own Institutions and amongst them this holy Exercise that though they be afflicted yet it is a question whether they will Pray or though they be merry whether they will Sing Psalms albeit the Scripture expresly requireth both Jam 5. 13. I shall not meddle with many Objections but only with two more usual and that seem to be more material Object Many that joyn in singing of Psalms cannot say truly what they sing as Psal 86. 2. Preserve my soul because my ways and doings holy be c. And such like Answ 1. This Objection whatsoever colour there is in it yet carries this weakness with it that it is against the reading of the Psalms as well as the singing for they that read utter the same words when they read at least for substance which they do when they sing yea this Objection is against the reading of the Histories of Scripture generally because therein other men speak otherwise then we can 2. To speak more directly to the thing it self I answer that the words of Scripture which men recite when they read or sing are not to be taken as their own words but as the words of them whose words the Scripture declareth them to be It is David or some other holy man of God who speaks those words that are written in the Psalms which whosoever repeateth whether in Reading or Singing he doth only declare what another sometime said which if he cannot say of himself truly yet he truly saith that such or such a person speaking in the Psalm said so of himself 3. I add That we should so put on the persons of those that speak or are spoken of in Scripture as to think that every thing spoken though of others yet some way or other belongs to us for Whatsoever things were written afore-time were written
for our learning and profit in every kind yea our duty is to labour to be so far like the holy Servants of God whose gracious speeches are recorded in Scripture as to be able to say truly in our measure and in regard of the saving substance of Religion the same things that they spake which they that cannot yet do or can less do by observing such sayings in their singing of Psalms have an help to do and by often repeating of them in their minds and mouths may come at length through the blessing of God truly and sincerely to profess in their own persons the like Piety Object There are in divers Psalms heavy Imprecations and Curses pronounced against sundry persons Must we How can we sing such things and curse Enemies Answ 1. Although it should be acknowledged as in part it is to be granted that such Imprecations or Praying fearfully against evil men be not for our imitation yet they are for our instruction For 1. They shew us the woful estate of the Enemies of God and of his People which such Prayers proceeding from the Spirit of God are a prophesie of 2. They serve to nourish patience and preserve comfort and constancy in the hearts of Gods people by observing that such men as have been found desperate Enemies to God and to them are mentioned in the Book of God as a cursed generation 2. Some imitation there may be in these times of the Imprecations that we find in Scripture in former times though with much caution charity and jealousie over our own spirits and that with respect not only to the Churches safety but Gods glory And the rather because of Scripture-Promises and Declarations which are the grounds of our Prayers Deut. 32. 35. Psal 139. 19. Yet we should still remember that we are not to pray personally that is to fix such fearful Prayers on such and such particular men albeit they in Scripture that had an extraordinary spirit of discerning did so as the Church also did against Julian seeing so much in him of the sin against the Holy Ghost I say we are not to single out particular persons and pray against them And especially we are not to turn Religion into Revenge and to direct our Prayers against our private Enemies though they have done us never so much wrong Nor must we be hasty in judging and then hard hearted in praying But yet all this hinders not but that in a generality we may pray that God would exercise his justice as He seeth good in cutting off the implacable and irreconcileable Enemies of himself and of his Church Albeit the thing in question here is Whether we may not in Reading or Singing take into our mouths the Imprecations recorded in Scripture making thereof that holy use which God would have us to make of that part of his Word which none that understand will doubt of In all such cases the duty of Reading and Singing is not to be left but they that perform it are to be instructed and if they are out of the way be rectified Having endeavoured to remove these rubs I shall now proceed to enquire what may be gathered from Scripture and what Arguments agreeable to Scripture may be produced to establish this heavenly Exercise First The Scripture will inform us that singing of Psalms is a necessary and profitable duty 1. A necessary duty because God requires it Ephes 5. 17 18 19. It is the will of God that on the one side Christians should not be drunk with Wine and on the other side be filled with the Spirit speaking to themselves in Psalms c. It is the Spirit of God that saith to the afilicted Pray and to the merry Sing Psalms Jam. 5. 13. 2. And a profitable duty because the Spirit of God declares unto us the benefit of it prescribing that the Word of God should dwell in us richly and then adding further teaching and admonishing one another in Psalms c. Now it 's true that teaching and admonishing may be referred either to the Word of God going before or to Psalms and Hymns following after but it comes all to one if the Psalms Hymns and Songs spoken of there be such as are recorded in Scripture for then they are a part of the Word of God and so the intent of the Apostle may be to shew that of every part of the Word of God and in particular of the Psalms and Songs thereof the rejoycing part use is to be made for our Edification thereby something may be added to our light in a teaching way and to our life and vigor in Piety in an admonishing way Secondly The Scripture gives excellent Rules also for Singing that it may be a profitable duty As that it be 1. With understanding Psal 47. 7. 1 Cor. 14. 14 15. 2. With the heart and affection not without the voyce but the meaning is that we should not please and content our selves with the outward sound without an inward sense 3. With grace in the heart Col. 3. 16. that is as I conceive with a godly and gracious frame of heart inwardly according as the matter of the Psalm is shewing it self in a graceful and dexterous demeanour in that duty outwardly as in a comely and reverent gesture a decent tune and tone so as that it may tend most to the Edification of the Company and the Reputation of the Duty and of such as perform it so the word grace seems to be taken Act. 4. 33. Col. 4. 6. 4. Vnto the Lord Ephes 5. 19. that is to the glory of God Psal 101. 1. Isa 5. 1. Thirdly The Scripture sets it forth as a Congregational duty or a duty to be performed in the Publike Meetings of Christians because we find the People of God still called to it by the commands of the Old-Testament pointing to the New Psal 100. 1 2 3. 4. 66. 1 2 3. 149. 1. Sing his praise in the Congregation of Saints And also we find it used in the New-Testament and in the Apostle Paul's time in the Church of Corinth 1 Cor. 14. 15 26. which appears also to be practised by Christians when they met together in after-times the end of their meeting being however many grievous accusations were rais'd against them to sing to Christ and to God and by a confederation among themselves to establish all good Discipline and suppress those wickednesses which were most falsely laid to their charge Tertul. Apol. cap 2. Now As to the performance of this duty in Families It is not my meaning nor ought to be to impose any thing further then the grounds of Scripture will conclude it And it 's possible there may be some Families at present or at some times not in a capacity for it yet that none may slight such a service and shut their doors against it I shall offer out of Scripture not only to invite but to induce
qualifications puts a difference between men pions and profane sincere and hypocrites and so is like the Rain-bow a pleasant sight and a better sign I say such is singing Psalms a sweet Exercise in it self and as it is an act of godliness and a better sign if well acted that is of a godly person and one filled with the Spirit of God and by the same reason it will mark out a spiritual and distinguish it from a carnal Family Not but that a Family wherein there is the fear of God may be by reason of some impediments at a time or for a time without it but that 's a carnal Family that doth not like to have it and that cannot dwell pleasantly with it Now that these reasons may be of more weight and this Exercise of more use I would advise Christians to two things 1. Before they sing to view and weigh and by one or other of the company mention and declare the matter of the Psalm they intend to sing for which Mr. Beza his argument on every Psalm together with his Paraphrase opening the meaning thereof both which are set forth in English would be a singular help And as for such as cannot procure it let them at least consider the contents of the Psalm which Contents though they may in some places need a reveiw yet for the generality are so advisedly composed throughout the Bible in our last Translation that they give a great light to the Chapter or Psalm which they are let before to all those that discreetly observe them 2. When they have sung a little to discourse together as their ability will serve and time give leave of what they have sung by which means they will better both know and shew the meaning of that passage of the Apostle Teaching and admonishing one another in Psalms and Hymns because matter both of teaching and admonishing will be supplyed by observing what the Psalm offers to their considerations for the one or the other So shall this be sound an edifying Exercise when as otherwise a bare singing passeth without profit and spiritual commodity because without pondering and Christian-conference And here I cannot before I leave but lament 1. The great neglect of this duty by many whereby it comes to pass that it is so little regarded for the omission of duty is the Enemy of the duty and the Observation of it preserves the Estimation 2. The negligent performance of it by many others that do not neglect it but seem to affect it rather O how rare a thing is it in those that sing Psalms not to delight yea not to terminate their delight in themselves if there be a greater sweetness in their voyce or if they excel in skill in that vocal Musick when all the melody should be to the Lord But to speak of that which is most usual How many content themselves with keeping tune and carrying on the Exercise with others in a formal way without understanding the matter of the Psalm when they should sing with understanding or with seeking to understand And yet there is another fault which the best I think are not free from or if they be they may be well reckoned amongst the best and that is the not minding in their singing that which they do understand or at least not keeping their hearts to it still but contenting themselves to mark what they sing now and then and to do that at times and by starts which they ought to do at all times whilest such holy services are performed and the thing they have in hand is the holy Scripture It is easily observed that the Devil makes great gaps in duties by distractions and in this more then in other Exercises by the advantage he hath from the nature of the service wherein they that are imployed do so attend the tune and mark the Singers so please themselves with the outward and natural part of it if it be well performed and have such various and turbulent thoughts if there be any thing not decent in it that they are easily drawn from the substance of what they sing their hearts are alienated from what their mouths utter and so there is a failing in that main rule which is to make melody to the Lord in their hearts when better it is to be out of tune with the voyce then out of frame in the heart It 's necessary that the Eye and the Ear should be so far watched and disciplined as that they may not draw away the mind from meditation on the matter of the Psalm This meditation and heart-holding to the thing in hand is of such use in praying and praising God that both of them are expressed by the word meditation Hence Isaac is said to go out to meditate in the field at Even-tide or to pray The same word is also used when David speaks of singing and praising God I will sing to the Lord I will sing praise to my God and then it followeth My meditation of him shall be sweet I will be glad in the Lord Nor is this Meditation requisite only in those Prayers and Praises which we conceive and compose our selves that we may frame them the better but we are also to be thoughtful in and to attend unto those that are already framed to our hand especially out of Scripture for which we have this rule given us to set our hearts to all the words thereof whether we hear them or read them or sing them still that 's the rule and the rather to be observed in Singing because the words spoken of in the fore-cited Scripture are the words of Moses Song Bernard speaks excellently to this purpose When thou singest saith he in the sight of God Psalms and Hymns let thy mind be busied about handle or have a hand in that which thou singest with thy voyce do not sing one thing and think another Agreeable to which is the godly advice of another holy man Let them that sing saith he attend not to the sound and noise but to the spirit of the words let the words be the leaders of their minds and souls to God And Austin plainly confesseth his sin when it so fell out as that he was moved more with the singing then with the thing sung and professeth that when it is so he had rather not hear him that sings Aug. confess lib. 10. cap. 33. But I must hasten Were these things searched considered what is amiss reformed and this Exercise conformed to Scripture-rules What sweetness would there be in it How much would Knowledge Holiness and Comfort be improved by it In a word What strong arguments might Christians make for Singing by making conscience how they sing I confess exactness in this duty is an hard work to the best but would be an happy work to all and is in some measure attainable by all To conclude the whole Let me beseech all serious Christians