and Garments purpled with the blood of Christ Jesus enters with fear of unworthiness and sad memory of his Sins and Iniquity which have been the subject of his prayer hitherto yet now he goes to the Altar and with profound Reverence intending thereon to pray for the people thereby giving them assurance that they are reconciled to God Here the faithful may make their intentions to go in spirit along with the Priest in this Holy action and piously with humble Reverence bow their heads to the Altar whereon Christ is to be offered 8. Of the Introit Q. Why doth the Priest go from the middle of the Altar A. The natural reason is to go to the Book which lyes on that side of the Altar there prepared for him but the Mystical reason is that he goes to the right part of the Altar to wit that part which is on his right hand to signifie that the Emanuel promised in the Law was to come to the Jews who then by reason of the Divine Law which they had were on the right part whereas the Gentiles by reason of their Idolatry were on the left Q. What is that the Priest sayes there A. It is called Introit that is entrance or beginning for with this the Priest enters or begins the Masse to which all that is past was but a preparatory Now in saying of this he signs himself with the sign of the Cross making thereby a profession of his Faith and arming himself against the assaults of the Enemy and to shew that what he is to do is to be done in vertue of Christ's Death and Passion Q. What is the Mystical signification of this Introit A. Some do say that it is a Mystical Symbole to raise the hearts of the assistants to Devotion and their voice to devout praises in contemplating of the Mystery of Christ's Incarnation So St. German takes it adding that therefore Gloria Patri c. is then said to give thanks for so great a benefit others will have it to signifie the Prophesies and Predictions of the Prophets and the desires of the Holy Patriarks and Fathers in Limbo expecting the coming of the Messias and to express this the more the Church immediatly adds a representation of their Lamentation and continual Groans and Sighs by the doleful canticle of Kyrie Eleison whose often repetition fitly represents their continual prayer so frequently inculcated in the Holy Scripture Q. What means Kyrie Eleison A. In the Greek Language it signifies as much as Lord have mercy on us as Christe Eleison signifies Christ have mercy on us The Grecians only use Kyrie Eleison The Latins Thrice Kyrie Eleison and Thrice Christe Eleison and again Three times Kyrie Eleison Q. Why is it repeated so many times A. The Grecians do use this Kyrie Eleison very often in their Liturgie in some places they have it Sixteen times together and in other places Twelve times together the Latin Church by Pope Gregorie's Decree uses it only Nine times in manner as is even now declared of this we have the example of the Cananite who cryed out have mercy upon me O Lord and continued crying out the same or such like and in fine Lord help me So the Two blind in the Gospel cryed out Lord have mercy upon us and being rebuked they cryed out the more saying Lord have mercy on us And truly if we may and ought to reiterate our Sighs and Groans for our Sins why not express the same desires in such efficacious and sweet words David in his Psalms maketh such Repetitions We may also say that this Repetition represents unto us the incessant cry of the Church which she pours out for her Children who stand in need of help many of them little regarding their Souls good although they are in continual danger both Spiritually and Corporally whence compassionatly every day and moment she cryes out Lord have mercy upon us Christ have mercy upon us for without thy mercy and goodness they all perish and will be drowned in the water of Iniquity Here we may reflect upon the desires of the Holy Fathers before Christ for the coming of the Messias and rejoyce that he is come to the World and with a vehement desire beg that he would vouchsafe to come to our Souls by his grace that we may be worthy to receive the fruit of this Holy Sacrifice to this joyning with the Priest in this short but efficacious prayer Lord have mercy on us Christ have mercy on us 9. Of the Gloria in Excelsis Q. What means the Gloria in Excelsis A. It is commonly called the Angelical Hymn because it begins with the Song of the Angels at our Saviours Birth declared by St. Luke And suddenly there was with the Angel a multitude of the celestial Army praising God and saying Glory in the Highest to God and in Earth peace to Men of good will the rest was added by the Apostles or by some that immediatly succeeded them and consists in the praises of God Thanksgiving Adorations mixt with Supplications and for the excellency thereof those who understand the Latin should do well to say it with the Priest and those who cannot may say it in English for it savours of great Devotion It may also piously be said in our Prayers in our Holy Meditations on the Birth of our Saviour at any time and especially in order to Thanksgiving Q. What is the Mystical signification of it A. The Church represents to us the Nativity of Christ Jesus in consideration of which great Mystery we sing or say this Hymn of praise and Thanksgiving and here we may note how conveniently the Church has ordered this Hymn in this place of the Masse for on this Mystery all others of the Life Passion Death Resurrection and Ascension depend because the belief of them all does necessarily suppose the true Messias and he that believes this can make no rational doubt of the rest and truly I believe there is no Christian of so mean Devotion but that if he did reflect upon the Mystery it self the manner of the Incarnation the Heavenly action of the Angels he would find an interiour motion of Piety and Devotion St. Chrysostome tells us that this Table that is the Altar Supplyes the place of the Manger let us then in hearing this Angelical Hymn go to the Cribb and there with the Holy Angels or with the blessed Virgin St. Joseph or with the Shepheards or three Kings to adore our new-born Saviour and with Emulation strive to imitate their example or piously associate our selves now to one now to another as Devotion will suggest 10. Of the Collects Q. What doth the Priest after Gloria in excelsis A. When he has done the Gloria c. he kisses the Altar in token of the Peace which is given to us by Christ's Nativity and in Reverence to the Altar whereon Christ is to be Sacrificed and being to make his prayer he turns
amply declared this that it is needless here to treat of this Subject I will only take notice here that many Councels have determined this matter but especially the Councel of Nice held well nigh Nine hundred years ago where there were 330 Bishops assembled expresly on this Subject This Councel was held in Greece where the opposite Heresie did begin some years before with great contest in those parts whereas the Western Church did alwayes preserve the Worship and use of Images and in three several Councels condemned the Hereticks in the Eastern Church and this was done in Nice in the most solemn manner and with the greatest dispute that ever was seen in any Councel on the opposers side all the reasons imaginable from whence the Hereticks of our times have taken their Arguments on the Catholick defenders side Scriptures Tradition Custome Judgement of the Holy Fathers continual practise of God's Church were alleaged with clear and manifest answers to all contrary Objections whence the Councel unanimously determined the use and Worship of them Q. May we adore them A. We may not adore them but before them or in beholding them we may adore what is represented by them according to the old verse Christ's Picture Worship thou who by the same doest pass Yet Picture Worship not but Christ for whom it pictured was If the Picture be of God we give Divine Worship to him if of Saints we then give a Religious Worship which is due to them for our Worship doth not terminate in the Pictures but in the thing represented The Pictures or Images do serve only as representatives in some manner like the species which falls not under our senses or understanding but in as much as they represent the Objects we have no knowledge of God but by the species which serves only to supply the place of the Object and does not terminate or bound the understanding in its operation so that we know the Object by the species but yet take no notice of the species The object of the senses is the sensible quality which the sense does not perceive but the species in as much as they are representatives of such qualities So it is also in Pictures or Images which by their representative nature being beheld or seen do lead us to the knowledge of the thing represented we may experience this in the Picture of a Person we love when we see the Picture we are moved with a new affection not to the Picture but to the Person it represents Q. Wherefore are they put in Churches A. For many reasons first for Ornament of the Churches which is warranted by the Scriptures where God commanded the Images of Cherubines to be made in the Ark and Salomon put Cherubes in many places of the Temple why then may not Christians place Images in their Churches The Emperour Constantine in all the Churches he built did put Images Pictures and Statues of Christ and his Saints for their Ornament Isodore Pelusiat who lived about the year 440. is so far for it that he sayes the place cannot be said to be a Church which is not adorned with Images It is strange that Men adorn their Houses with prophane Pictures or Images and think that holy Pictures representing Sanctity Piety and Devotion to be Prophanation in the Church Secondly for the instruction and help of the ignorant who by those Images do learn the Mysteries of our Faith as the learned do by Books and Characters which are but as Images St. John Damascene sayes That our Holy Fathers did judge it convenient to set forth the Mysteries of the Passion in Pictures or Images that the unlearned or those who could not read might refresh their Memories thereby VVhence Tharasius Patriark of Constantinople sayes whatsoever the Gospel shews unto us by reading the same is seen by Images whatsoever also Books speak of Holy Martyrs sufferances the self same is signified by Images Letters are but Images of the things signified and Images but Letters for the Ignorant yea to the learned for a more speedy representation Thirdly they serve to move the beholders to Piety and Devotion for naturally we are moved by visible objects to good or evil whence the Church hath alwayes commended though not commanded good Images and strictly forbidden bad ones principally Prophane and Lascivious None who have any Civility will deny but that Lascivious Images Pictures or Statues are dangerous and sure it cannot be evil to have good Images which savour of Piety and if those cause ill dispositions in the mind these may cause good which St. Basile thus declares Historians and Painters do often describe the glorious conflicts and great Deeds of Warlick Men those set them forth by Orations these paint them in Tables both of them have provoked many to Vertue to wit as the one perswades by his moving words so the other draws by his lively representation of the things done by our Saviour and his holy Servants Lastly to omit other reasons these Pictures or Images are placed to put us in mind of the Sanctity of the place wherein none but Holy Pictures are to be permitted and thereby is declared the Reverence of the place and indeed when one comes to a Church adorned as it becomes the House of God especially with Pictures Images and Statues he cannot but adore God to whom all this preparation is made for it has some resemblance of Heaven where God is said to be with his Angels and Saints adoring him with fear and Reverence for here by Faith we believe Christ Jesus God and Man to be really present and we contemplate in Spirit the Angels and Saints accompanying him under the forms of Bread and Wine we see our God and in the Images we see his Angels and Saints 5. Of Tapers or Candles Q. Why does the Church use Candles at Masse A. All Nations Gentils Jews and Christians have alwayes used Lamps Candles or Tapers in the Service of God the custome of the Gentils is manifest in their Histories of the Jews in the first Book of Moses and of the Christians in all ages as the Ecclesiastical Histories do Record and the first who opposed it in the Church was Vigilantius above 1200 years past against whom even in this point the Holy Fathers St. Hierome St. Augustine and St. Paulin did write in defence of the Catholick custome St. Epiphanius and Evodius make mention of it and we may gather that such was the custome of the Church for that our Constantine the Great who built and erected many Churches amongst other his gifts to the Churches did add possessions and Lands for the maintenance of such Lights Lamps and Candles in the Churches I might here alleage Councels and Histories for the use thereof but these may suffice Only I will note that the Office of Acholithus which is one of the Seven Ecclesiastical Orders called also Ceroforarius acknowledged by the Popes Cayus Cornelius and Gelasius all in the primitive times as
hear the Instructions of the Apostles as a disposition to the light of the Gospel or as St. Justine Martyr sayes to the end that the Excellency of the Gospel may be better known Q. What is the Mystical signification thereof A. It signifies the written Law which went before that of Grace or the Preaching of St. John Baptist before the Preaching of our Saviour or the labours of the Apostles in Converting the Gentiles In this we may also consider our Vocation to the light of Faith and give thanks to God as the Apostle sayes for his inestimable gift in sending his Prophets Apostles and their Successours to teach us the way of Salvation that in the end we may with heart and affection say Deo gratias thanks be to God Which saying St. Augustine did so much esteem that he sayes what better thing can we bear in mind or utter from the mouth or express with Pen than Deo gratias nothing can be said more briefly nor heard more joyfully nothing understood that is greater or done more fruitfully than Deo gratias Thanks be to God who has enriched us with the true faith of Christ Jesus Q. Since the Epistle is for our Instruction why is it not in the vulgar Tongue A. Those who understand the Latin Tongue may piously attend to the Contents thereof Those who do not and can read may find them as also the Gospels in the latter end of the Rhemish Testament and do well to read them over night especially in the Eves of Sundayes and Holidayes or in the mornings before they come to Masse or if they please at Masse as I have seen some Catholicks to do There are also extant in our vulgar Language books containing expositions of the Epistles and Gospels of the whole year which read over night may much conduce to the encrease of Devotion and Piety Those who cannot read may learn of those who can instruct them and attend to Sermons which are commonly made for their explication however as I formerly have declared the understanding of either of them is not of necessity in order to the Sacrifice and therefore it suffices that they know the Mysteries thereof Where we may note the constancy of the Catholick Church in following the Primitive times when for the Cathecumens or the new Converts or for conversion of Infidels upon Solemn dayes some part of the Scripture was read and Psalms were used with expositions on them as is to be seen in the Homilies and Sermons made by the Holy Fathers for that end now there being no necessity of expositions in order to our faith and Devotion waxing cold the Church contents her self with the continuance of the substantial part remitting the expositions thereof to Sermons and Catechisms in more commodious time nevertheless in some places the Pastours or others for them in high Masses on Sundayes after the Gospel do make such under the name of Prones which our dangerous and fickle time will not permit Let it therefore suffice that we know by the Epistle the Vocation we have received from God to the true faith and fulfilling his Will and Commandements let us give thanks for that so great a benefit with purpose by Gods grace to persevere faithfully in Christ's Law making progress from vertue to vertue intimated by the Gradual which in the next shall be declared 12. Of what follows between the Epistle and the Gospel Q What follows the Epistle A. That which follows ordinarily is called Gradual which for the most part is One or Two verses of the Psalms agreeable to the Office of the day so called from the custome of the Church in Solemn Masses when some of the Quire do ascend to the steps of the Quire towards the Altar but is also properly called a Response or answer to the Epistle for generally speaking they have correspondence to the matter of the Epistle or to the Solemnity of the day if that be of joy the Response is so too if of sadness it is also of sadness Q. What doth the Gradual signifie A. As it is called Gradual it signifieth our ascent from vertue to vertue or our going up by degrees of Humility to higher perfection or rather the ascent we ought to make from the Doctrine of the Prophets and Apostles to the Doctrine of Christ Jesus It may also signifie the joy of the Church for the Conversion of Souls from Idolatry and Judaisme or to see the Doctrine of the Prophets and Apostles in the Conversion of Sinners to see the fruit of their Preaching whereof the Epistle is a Symbole and the Gradual of the fruit the Epistle is the Field sown with good Seed the Gradual the Harvest As a Response it puts us in mind that we ought in word and work to answer or correspond to those things which are propounded in the Epistle And signifies that after St. John Baptist's Preaching represented by the Epistle the Disciples did follow Christ in his Evangelical Doctrine or the Preaching of the Apostles after they were called by Christ in fine it serves as a Declaration of the fruit we receive from the Apostles Doctrine that is to follow Christ Q. What means Alleluja A. Our Devout St. Bernardine calls it Canticum honoris a Cantile of Honour which as it hath a hidden sence in the Hebrew so it was never Translated into any other Language for the Greek Latin Chaldean Syrian Arabian and all Nations of the Earth do retain it Whence St. Jerome and other Interpreters do very seldome Translate it but leave it as they find it in the Hebrew St. Augustine said that no Christian is ignorant that Alleluja is a voice of praise Indeed the word divided imports as much but as connexed together according to the use of the Hebrews it signifies not only praise but praise with joy and gladness beyond what can be expressed in voice in fine this Alleluja is a Sacred and Mystical word which the Church Militant useth in imitation of the Church Triumphant which is said to laud and praise God with Joy and Jubilation and sing Alleluja as we may read in Tobias Chap. 13. and in the Appocalips 19. Now the Church uses this Alleluja in the Masse as corresponding to the foresaid joy she hath in the conversion of the World or to manifest the joy that Christians take in the Solemn Mysteries which is redoubled in Easter time for joy of the Resurrection but from Septuagesima to Easter and some other times she omits it and for the most part has a Tract instead of it Q. What is that Tract A. It is certain verses of the Psalms appropriated to the times and is called a Tract because it is sung in Solemn Masse very leisurely with drawing the words and sillables Innocent 3. gives the reason thereof saying The Tract with the unpleasantness of the Tone and prolixity or drawing of the words does insinuate the miseries of our present time as others say it is a protracted voice of
can humble himself no more We have examples of this in the Israelites who in the time of Supplication and times of necessity did use it as is to be seen in Judith the Machabites and others sometimes by way of Humiliation as Abraham Moses and Aaron as also Josue Lastly by way of Adoration as Salomon the Priests and the whole multitude the like is to be seen in Esdreas and Tobias So the Leper St. Luke saith did magnifie God and fell on his face before Christ St. Mary Magdalene but above all examples that of our Saviour prostrating himself in the Garden Q. What say you of Genuflection or kneeling A. This much depends upon Custome however kneeling in time of Prayer is very ancient for we read of it in the Old Testament and it was practised by the Apostles yea by our Saviour himself Baronius sayes that praying on the knees was the usual posture of Christians and sometimes they did cast themselves prostrate on the Earth It is reported of the Apostle St. James that by frequent and long Genuflection his knees were as hard as a Camels skin Now this Genuflection carries with it a confession of our Infirmity and testifies our submission to God importing the interiour humility of our Heart and although Prostration may seem to be a greater sign of Humility yet for this action of hearing Masse the kneeling is more proper because we are to attend to the Mysteries there represented whence it is the common Custome at Masse that all good Catholicks do kneel Q. What say you of Station or standing A. The Church ordains standing to all at the Gospel and Creed in the Masse and that with great reason for the posture of standing is proper for Consideration and Attention as he that stands sees further so the Soul in this posture considers more attentively and is more prompt and elevated by a more vehement application the standing also shews Promptitude in the Hearing and execution of what is declared as is the proper Posture of our Ministers whence the Priest as being in continual Action at his Ministery stands for the most part of the Masse for otherwise he could not perform the Rites and Ceremonies the nature of a Sacrifice requires it Q. What of Inclination or Bowing A. The wise Man gives this Counsel To the ancient humble thy Soul and to a great Man bow thy Head as a Token of Reverence and sign of Humility and Submission But none more properly used this Ceremony than Christ himself who bowing or inclining his Head gave up the Ghost to shew his Humility and Reverence to the Father This the Church used many times in the Masse and with inclination we reverence the Altar Bishops and Holy things as a manifestation of the respect we bear to them Q. What means the Posture of our Hands A. In this we may consider that sometimes the Priest joyns his Hands and sometimes opens them again Now in Prayer to joyn our Hands is a fitting Posture of one who makes Supplication and Petition for we in Prayer make Supplication to God for Mercy and humble Petition for his Grace and benefits and by directing our Hands to Heaven we manifest that our hope is only in God and in joyning our Hands also we make profession that we are able to do nothing of ourselves and as St. Cyprian and St. Hierome say by this Posture we profess the merits of Christ acknowledging our selves altogether unable to do and unworthy to deserve any good and therefore in this humble manner we offer up Christ's merits to God the Father as a most efficacious means to obtain what we desire Briefly in this manner we desire Briefly in this manner we present our selves as Captives or as labouring with extreme want and necessity Now the Hands extended do represent the extension of our Saviour's Hands on the Cross and is a fitting posture for the Priest who in the Masse represents Christ's Passion It may also signifie the elevation of the mind to God and shews a desire to have the Heart go with the Hands as laid open to dart Lances of love into the Court of Heaven or to receive the influence of God's Grace We have a fitting Embleme of this in the example of one who being like to be drowned stretched forth his Hands to catch hold of any thing for his Succour even so do we poor Sinners being in danger to be drowned in Sin and iniquity stretch forth our Hands and with them the affection of our Hearts and knowing that there is no help in Earth or Earthly things we stretch out our hands to Heaven from whence we expect Relief saying with the Prophet Jeremy Let us lift up our Hearts with our hands to Heaven I will conclude with the words of St. Cyprian The pious Priest whom the Holy Ghost stirs up moves and Sanctifies representing the Mystery of the Cross by the Elevation of his hands prayes for his own and the Peoples Sins Q. What means the lifting up of the eyes to Heaven A. Whensoever the Priest joyns his hands or shuts them for the most part he lifts up his eyes to Heaven and this congruously for nature teaches us that the eye followeth the Heart and it is a common saying where love is there the eye is there is no sense more betrayes our interiour Affections and Passions The lifting up then of the eyes represents the intention of the mind or understanding and the affection of the Heart or will of this we have many examples in the Scripture in Sarah Tobias his Wife and King David who often mentions it in the Psalms but principally in the actions of our Saviour 3. Of the Reverence we ought to have to the Holy name of Jesus Q. May we use any Reverence to the Holy name of Jesus A. If the Jews might lawfully honour the name Jehovah it is lawful for Christians to honour the name of Jesus but the Jews did lawfully honour the name of Jehovah ergo the Minor is proved by God's command and by practise of the Jews for where the Negative is forbid the Affirmative is proved now in the Decalogue there is a Negative precept Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord in vain thou shalt no way prophane his name the Affirmative therefore to wit thou shalt Honour and Reverence his name is both lawful good and commendable as the precept thou shalt have no other Gods but me imports that we should Love and Honour only God Such also hath been the Tradition Practise and Custome of the Jews who hold this name Jehovah highly to be Worshiped esteeming it as the Primary and Essential name of God because it did signifie his Immense Essence and incomprehensible Majesty wherefore they did bear so great Reverence and Honour to that Name that if in Reading of the Scripture or otherwise they did find it they would not utter it in voice but conceive it in mind judging themselves unworthy to pronounce that Holy Name
his Church whereto he hath given Authority in his Name to cast out Devils and evil Spirits to heal the sick to remit sins and such like The material cause is sensible and exteriour things applyed by the same Church from the Apostles to spiritual effects which both Testaments do warrant Our Saviour himself giving examples thereof by using Spittle Clay washing with Water curing by the hem of his Garments and giving power to his Disciples to cure the sick with Oyl which they did also by their Napkins yea by their shaddows The formal cause by which such effects are wrought is the Benediction which consists in the Exorcisms and Invocation of God's Name the Exorcism declares the power which is given to Priests The Invocation implores God's concurrence thereto or rather that it may take effect in those who use it the final cause is the manifestation of God's glory and power and the good of our Souls 5. Of Exorcisms Benediction Q. What mean you by Exorcisms A. Exorcism is a Greek word signifying Adjuration which St. Isodore describes thus a word of increpation or rebuke against the unclean Spirits made on those who are possessed or to be Baptized whereby the wicked power of the Devil and his inveterate malice and violent incursions and assaults may be expulsed and driven away and this not only from persons and places but also from any material things used in order to any spiritual effects but principally in Baptism whereof the Holy Fathers make frequent mention specially Justin Martyr Tertullian Basil Cyprian Cyril Chrysostome Ambrose Robanus Augustine and others all grounding themselves on the example of our Saviour who threatned the unclean Spirit commanding him to go forth and again deaf and dumb Spirit I command thee to go out of him St. Paul in like manner I command thee in the Name of Jesus Christ to go out of her the Fourth Councel of Carthage describing the office of the Exorcist sayes Let him when he is ordered take from the Bishops the book of Exorcisms the Bishop saying to him receive and remember and have power to imp se hands on the possessed this Councel was well nigh 1300 years past From hence the Church uses this Exorcism on the Salt and Water to expel the power of the Devil from God's Creatures that by the use of them Christians may be freed from his Attempts and to this end makes prayer to God that by the Invocation of his Holy Name and by vertue of the Holy Cross wherewith the Salt and Water are signed the faithful with Devotion and Faith may apply it for the ends aforesaid and obtain the said effects Q. What mean you by Benediction A. Benediction is diversly taken for God blesses us and we bless God the Benediction we give to God is no other thing then to praise God or to give thanks to him or to sing his glory which is frequent in the Scripture The Benedictions which God gives are his gifts and graces which he imparts to his Creatures for which in the fear of God we make Supplication and Prayer Benediction then here is taken for Prayer to God that he would bless this Salt or Water or any other thing In this manner St. Paul sayes that every Creature is Sanctified by the word of God and Prayer So the Priests in the old Law had power to Sanctifie the People and all things which were required to their Sacrifices and in this manner the Church hath her Priests who by their Ordination have power to bless and Sanctifie such things as are Sacramental or for the spiritual profit of our Souls Q. Why doth the Priest in sprinkling of Holy Water and Christians in takeing it say that of the Psalmist Thou shalt sprinkle me with Hysope c. A. It is the frequent custome of the Church to use words of the Holy Scripture for the Devotion of the faithful in some pious sense although it be not the same with the literal sense of those words and therefore as the Holy Water hath a Mystical signification principally in order to the Soul so she takes these words in a Mystical sense importing the principal effect of the Holy Water which is to purge and cleanse our Souls from sin and sinful affections Now Hysope both for its formal use and Mystical signification may be fitly applyed to this action for it was used nay instituted by God for cleansing from uncleaness to which end they were to dip Hysope in Water with Ashes and to sprinkle all the Tent and all implements and the Men and so be freed from pollution or contagion And again this Hysope dipped in Sparrows blood did serve to cure the Leprosie by being sprinkled therewith Now for its signification it agrees with the effects of Holy Water For as the Physitians hold Hysope hath a certain vertue of purging principally the Lights or Lungs and to mitigate the pains of the Stomach which St. Hierome on the 50 Psalm thus applyes as the Earthly Hysope is apt to cure the Lungs to hinder inflamations or swellings of the wind so man sprinkled with celestial Hysope that is with humility of Heart is purged from all malignity of pride and St. Augustine Hysope saith he is a simple or low Herb purging the Stomach and signifies Christ's humility by which we are cleansed Christians then entring into the Church ought to be sprinkled with this Hysope of Humility that taking the Holy Water with Humility Devotion and compunction they may be cleansed and purged from all pride and vanity that with purity of Heart they may be prepared for the better participation of the Sacrifice and Sacraments SECT IV. Of the Church and Holy things therein 1. Of the Church Q. WHat is the Church A. We may say with grief Deus venerunt Gentes O God the Gentiles are come into thine inheritance for we have not the happiness now to enjoy our Churches and instead of them we are forced to use ordinary Chambers poor Rooms or Corners to Celebrate the Divine Mysteries in So that in writing for the present time I shall omit many things which might be said of material Churches I shall only say that as we have the self same Sacrifice so we ought to have the same Devotion to it in whatsoever place it is Celebrated we honour the Church principally for the Sacrifice and not the Sacrifice for the Church The very want of such Churches might move us to Repentance of our sins which were the true cause of our Desolation and thereby stir up our Hearts to make humble Supplication and fervent Prayer that God out of his infinite mercy would avert his justly provoked wrath from us which can hardly be better done then by devoutly saying the foresaid Psalm which is in the Primer after the Letanies with prayers proper for that end we may also on the other side exalt and raise up our Hearts in contemplating the primitive times when the first Christians by reason of great persecutions
is made a confession to Salvation In the second sence the Psalmist often uses it as I will confess to thee O Lord with all my heart with the confession of praise So Christ also sayes I confess to thee O Father Lord of Heaven and Earth that is I praise and give thanks to thee these Two Confessions run generally in the Masse for Faith is necessary to this Sacrifice which is of praise and glory to God So that in this place the confession which is made is of our Sins Now this confession is either private or publick particular or general The first is Sacramental or made in the Sacrament of pennance of which here we have nothing to say and therefore we speak only here of general or publick confession which by order of the Church is used for Remission of our daily and continual Sins defects and imperfections Q. Are not those Sins to be expiated by the Sacrament of Pennance A. The Sacrament of Pennance is ordained to take away mortal Sins as its principal effect and may be used for Venial Sins but in some way or other we daily and hourly offend God Venially and we being now to offer Sacrifice which requires all purity and innocency in as much as humane frailty will permit we make this humble confession thereby to obtain Remission of our daily Sins and Remission of the pain due to them and so to be more purely disposed to this Sacred Action Q. To whom do we make this Confession A. Principally and chiefly to God from whom alone we expect pardon and Remission of our Sins Q. Why then is it made to the Blessed Virgin and Saints A. We confess to the Saints in other respects for we confess to them when we have offended in that we have offended God even as the prodigal Child who said Father I have sinned against Heaven and before thee which the Glosse and St. Augustine Interprets as if he had said I confess that I have offended against the Angels and Saints Secondly We confess to the Angels and Saints as witnesses of our sorrow and Repentance of our Sins even as St. Paul 1. Tim 5. did charge Timothy I testifie before God and Christ Jesus and the Elect Angels and so we confess before God his Angels and Saints Thirdly As the Prophet David said I will sing to thee in the sight of Angels and I will render my vows to our Lord in the sight of the People that is in the sight and protection of the Angels I will praise thee my God and before all present confess my sins that as they have seen and known my wickedness so also they may see my Repentance that as I have made them sad by my manifold impurities so I may rejoyce them in my Conversion Lastly We manifest our sins and iniquities to the Blessed Virgin Mary Angels and Saints as also to all there present at Masse that out of compassion and charity they would pray for us as is plainly declared in the latter end where we desire them to pray for us that we may obtain of God Remission and pardon for our sins and afterward we ask for Mercy and Indulgence of them of Almighty God 4. Of some Remarkable things in saying the Confiteor Q. Why does the Priest say Peccavi A. To declare that he is a Sinner and the more to express himself he sayes I have sinned exceedingly By the way we may note how powerful this Peccavi I have sinned is if it come from the Heart for when the Children of Israel had offended God as they often did their only redress was Peccavimus we have sinned and the Mercy of God was not wanting David offended and with his Peccavi I have sinned he obtained Remission Salomon taught the People when they came into the Temple as a remedy for all evils and a means to obtain their Petition to cry out Peccavimus we have sinned leaving us a perfect Model of praying in the Church Q. Why does he say in thought word and deed A. That is as much to say in all manner of Sin for although sin proceed from the will take away the will and there is no sin yet this Will finds matter of sin in our thoughts words and deeds It was said of old even by God himself that all the cogitations of Mens hearts were bent to evil at all times great was the malice of Mens hearts in those times near to the beginning of the World which since rather make encrease than decrease for the waters of Iniquity have very small ebbs but huge great Spring-Tides and do so frequently overflow on the Field of our Souls that very few flowers of vertue or piety do grow there but innumerable Brambles and Briars which perhaps in quantity are not so great but bring great hurt to the Soul and if they be perverse they separate us from God and the best we can say or imagine without the grace of God all our cogitations or thoughts are unprofitable In like manner we offend daily in words for the Tongue is a Sea of evil or as St. James sayes a world of Iniquity yea the Iniquity of the Tongue fills the whole World There is no place or person of what quality soever but some way or other have the offending Tongue The Prophet Jeremy complained saying I attended and hearkned no Man speaks that which is good would God this were all the Apostle St. Paul speaking of young Widdows they learned to go about from House to House speaking things which they ought not But if we look almost upon all sorts of People we shall find them going from this place to that place from company to company full of words swearing of vanity curiosity too too frequently speaking things which they ought not in detraction and back-biting words of Iniquity as David sayes The words of their mouth are iniquity and guile Our deeds are conformable for as St. John sayes The whole World is set to Iniquity and David All have declined they are become unprofitable together there is not that doth good there is not one There is so great a multitude of those who do no good that scarce any one is to be found to do good and too too many that do evil for as St. James sayes We all offend in many things and St. Augustine avers that even the just do not live without some sins whence the Priest well sayes and so may every Man say I have sinned in thought word and deed Q. Why does he say Three times through my fault A. In this Repetition he expresses the vehement sorrow of his mind and therefore to the last he adds through my most grievous fault which is not unfrequent in the Scriptures So King David said My Son Absolon Absolon my Son who would grant that I might dye for thee Absolon my Son my Son Absolon and naturally we reiterate the cause of any grief We may also say that this Repetition is correspondent to the Three