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A33687 A discourse of trade in tvvo parts : the first treats of the reason of the decay of the strength, wealth, and trade of England, the latter, of the growth and increase of the Dutch trade above the English / by Roger Coke. Coke, Roger, fl. 1696. 1670 (1670) Wing C4976; ESTC R23282 53,037 94

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Commons Chases Wasts and Forests can maintain them to supply which breaking Hedges cutting Woods and stealing Fowl c. are the usual means by which they make up their living How advantageous it would be to the Trade of the Nation if all these idle hands were imployed in it and how great a Reuenue might be raised out of these Wasts if they were improved and imployed in Trade and binding out Prentices and in defraying Publique charges were most worthy Consideration of the Parliament Corollary 5. By the same reason the Trade of England and the Fishing Trade are so much more diminished by how much they might be supplyed by those persons who are diverted form them in being hanged Apology I do not dispute the Authority of any Law in this Corollary or in any Corollary or Proposition in this discourse I only contend that the ends designed by Legislators are not always attained and therefore Anciently our Ancestors were so careful of preparing Laws that they usually made them not longer lived than the end of the next Session of Parliament so that if the end designed by them were not attained the Laws themselves should expire The end of punishing Malefactors is twofold viz. to deter others from Committing Crimes and for the Offender to make Restitution so far as he is able But I do not understand that the end of punishment is to destroy where murder or a higher Crime is not the offence Nor is Hanging which is transient so Permanent a Terror to offendors as a constant inflicting extraordinary duties upon Offendors whereby they might or in a great measure might expiate their Crimes by satisfying the persons Offended Nothing in nature but by some means or other might be made beneficial sure therefore much more man nor does man distroy in any thing else but on the life of Man where any other means can be found to preserve and the end in making restitution is holy lost Corollary 6. By the same reason the Trade of England and the Fishing Trade are yet so much more diminished by how much they might be supplyed by those men who are diverted from them in being imprisoned for debt Annotations Herein moreover is the end designed in Punishing Offendors inverted for in being committed prisoners the means which is thereby spent in paying Fees to Jaylots is inverted from that end to which it might have been imployed towards the Payment of his Debts and the persons of the Prisoners made useless any ways by labour or industry to contribute to the satisfaction thereof Corollary 7. By the same reason the Trade of England and Fishing Trade are so much diminished by how much mony and so many men as are diverted from supplying them in buying and morgaging Land Pet. 5. For mony is a convenient mean to improve Trade Annotations upon this Corollary Before we contended that the Law against Naturalization makes the Kingdom weak and unable to improve the Trade therof in this Corollary we complain of a practice against Law and Conscience too For by the Statute of Westminster 2. made the 13. Edw. 1. c. 4. it was provided that Estates in Tail should remain to the Donee and his Heirs according to the form of the gift of the Donor and for want of issue of the Donee to revert to the Donor and his Heirs And that Fines levied upon such claimes be void Yet by what practice or usage Fines come to Barr Heirs in Tail and recovery of those in remainder I cannot tell I am sure the Will of the Donor which in Conscience ought religiously to be observed is hereby violated And all that mony which is expended in Buying and Morgaging such Lands is diverted from the good use by which it might be imployed in Trade besides the multitudes of mischiefs which arise in vexatious Suits between Vendor and Vendee Morgager and Morgagee to the utter undoing one another whereby multitudes of Solicitors Bankers Usurers and Scriveners who no ways advance the Trade of the Nation become vastly rich whilest the Trade of the Nation hereby becomes starved and neglected and by consequence the Nation so much poorer By reason hereof the Stock of this Nation supposing it double to the Dutch yet do I not believe one sixt part so much is imploied by us in Trades beneficial to the Nation as by them and I wish this Quere were determined Whether from this cause the Bankers and Scriveners of London cannot raise more Money in one week than the Parliament of England can in two years How many ways this Kingdom might be enriched and the Trade thereof encreased if the Statute of Westminster 2. made 13. Edw. 1. c. 1. were observed 1. The Will of the Donor which by all Laws of Religion and Gratitude ought religiously to be observed would not be violated for which we may justly fear the Judgments and Vengeance of God 2. The vast and wild Prodigality of vain men and women would be restrained within the bounds of their Estates And the impoverishment which they bring upon the Kingdom by their Pride Vanity and Luxury in a very great measure would be abated 3. The Families of the Nobility and Gentry would hereby be preserved and continued 4. The multitudes of Solicitors Bankers Scriveners and usurers who row swarm more than ever and devour all the good of the Nation but no ways do any good to it would diminish and these very men be necessitated to seek some better means of subsistence whereby the Kingdom might receive benefit now we so much want hands to advance the Trade of the Nation 5. The Supernumerary Pages Lacquies and Waiting Women who are Moths to fret and consume their Masters and Ladies Estates might be imploied in ways beneficial to the Kingdom 6. The Stock of the Nation to be imploied in beneficial Trades would be tenfold more imploied in them 7. The Riches acquired by Trade would continually be imploied in it as well as in the Vnited Netherlands 8. The Interest of Mony without a Law would fall to be as low as in the Vnited Netherlands 9. Men would be more intent to improve their Estates when they know what they must betake themselves to and may more securely follow their business than when they are engaged in Law Suits about Morgages and Titles of Land Reader thou mayst add many more but if any man shall give me one for not observing this Law I will give him all my nine Proposition 2. Theorem 2. The Timber of England is diminished and is in danger to be destroyed by the Act of the 12. Car. 2. 18. and confirmed 13. Car. 2. 18. Entituled An Act for Encouraging and encrease of Shipping and Navigation and commonly called the Act of Navigation Subject Is the Timber of England Question Whether it be diminished by the Act of Navigation I say it is Ax. 2. For where any thing is wanting and decayed that thing will be more diminished if the means of supplying it be interrupted Pet. 4.