held by the law of God cum recta fide with a right faith 35 But here it being obiected that although the said oath was framed to meete with the opinion before by him mentioned yet that this his restraining of it thereunto doeth not attaine to that which he knew was intended by it For in his said letter to the Cardinall he doth cite sundry authors which speake of another kinde of authoritie ascribed to the Pope and tending by a nice distinction to this effect that in ordine ad spiritualia in order to things spirituall and indirectly all kings and princes with their kingdomes and countries are subordinate and subiect vnto him insomuch as if he see cause and that kings and princes will not be aduised by him in matters of the Church apperteining to their saluation he may not onely Excommunicate them but proceeding by degrees depose them absolue their subiects from their oathes of Allegeance and rightfully commaund them if neede be to beare armes against them which is as lewd and traiterous an opinion as the former and doeth tend to the same end with it though vnder diuers pretences So as if hee tooke the oath but with relation onely to the first opinion leauing himselfe free as touching the second it was all one as if he had not taken it at all and therefore being pressed to cleare this point he answereth as hereafter followeth 36 First he doth acknowledge the obiection to be very pertinent and rightly collected out of his letter confessing this second opinion not to come behinde the first either for the earnestnesse of those that defend it or for their learning and sufficiencie being such indeede as doe in credite farre ouersway the estimation of their opposites Cardinall Bellarmine himselfe hath laboured much in it and these authors following doe ioyne with him in that point Henricus Iohannes Driedo Iohannes de Turre crematâ Albertus Pighius Thomas Waldensis Petrus de Palude Cardinall Caietane Franciscus Victoria Dominicus Soto Nicolaus Sanderus to which number this Examinate saith he could adde diuers others as Martinus Aspilcueta Couarruuias c. Of which opinion Cardinall Bellarmine saith that it is communis sententia Catholicorum Theologorum the common opinion of Catholicke Diuines albeit Alexander Carerius and Rodericke Sancius doe affirme as much for the other In this number this Examinate confesseth that he did range himselfe in his late letter to the said Cardinall as inclining rather to his side then to the other being notwithstanding bound to neither of them vpon any danger of declining from the Catholicke faith So as if now hee vse his libertie therein as touching his Maiestie hee hath as he supposeth Cardinall Bellarmine himselfe for his author therein 37 For where there is this clause in the oath of Allegeance I doe further sweare that I doe from my heart detest and abiure as impious and hereticall this damnable doctrine and position that Princes which be excommunicated or depriued by the Pope may be deposed or murthered by their Subiects or any other whatsoeuer Cardinall Bellarmine saith that it was neuer heard of ab intio nascentis Ecclesiae vsque ad haec nostra tempora vt vllus Pontifex Maximus Principem vllum quamuis haereticum quamuis Ethnicum quamuis persecutorem caedi mandauerit from the first birth of the Church vnto these our times that any Pope euer commaunded any prince though an heretick though an Ethnicke though a persecuter to be slaine And that therefore the feare which is pretended of the Kings life if the Bishop of Rome had the same authoritie in England which hee hath in other Christian kingdomes is vaine and that all pretences tending that way are but stratagemata Satanae the deceits of Sathan The which affirmations of the Cardinals being true the same for ought this Examinate seeth doe iustifie the said part of the oath by him taken euen the very same which of all other parts in it is most misliked by many Catholickes in England For it must needs be granted generally that were it not in respect of the Popes excommunication of Kings and princes his deposing of them from their Crownes and his absoluing of their subiects from their Allegeance it could neuer be lawfull for any of them to rise vp against their lawfull kings and Soueraignes vnder whom they were borne And it is all one in this Examinats iudgment for the Pope to command a king to be murthered as to doe and commaund that whereby the same is by others of duetie to be effected And then it followeth out of the Cardinals words that it can neuer be lawfull by the Popes authoritie either direct or indirect for any subiect vpon any pretence whatsoeuer or vnder the countenance of any authoritie to excommunicate and depose Kings or absolue their Subiects from their Allegeance to lay violent hands vpon his Souereigne which is in effect that part of the oath aboue mentioned whereunto this Examinate did sweare 38 Furthermore because it was againe tolde this Examinate that this his last answere to part of the said oath stood after a sort but vpon an inference of the Cardinals meaning and was no way sufficient to satisfie the aforesaid obiection hee this Examinate renued his former desire of proceeding by such degrees as hee himselfe thought most fit for the discharge of his duety both to God and his Maiestie and thereupon saith that he beleeueth in his conscience that the Pope is S. Peters successour and the head of the Catholick Church and that although materiall and worldly keyes may open and shut vpon fauour and friendship yet the keyes of the kingdome of heauen doe respect no mens persons be they poore or rich noble or ignoble high or low kings or subiects so as in his iudgement none may be exempted from the Popes Excommunication when there is iust cause vpon due consideration of all circumstances to inflict it adding thereunto that hee holdeth it to be the duety of all Christian kings and princes to submit themselues in causes of religion to the Bishop of Rome as vnto their chiefe Bishop and Pastor of their soules Which profession thus made this Examinate desired that one point in his former Examination published in print might here be receiued as part of his answere to the obiection aboue specified Sect. 16. 39 For there this Examinat as he truly saith M Blakwels Exam. pag. 18 19. Being vrged to explicate himselfe touching the sence he relied vpon out of his Maiesties words when he took the oth of Allegeance in that it was said hee might so vnderstand them as not withstanding his oath that dutie which was expected was no way satisfied because his Maiesties meaning was euident that hee did account it to proceed from appetite and rashnesse in any of the Bishops of Rome whosoeuer who presuming to Excommunicate any King should by the same either absolue his Subiects from their obedience or excite them to beare Armes against him or authorize
wordes might seeme to import as much as the Earle desired whereas in deede the authoritie which this authour saith both parts are agreed vpon is not yet determined For Cardinall Bellarmine and his Bellar. de Rom. Pont. lib. 5. cap. 4. side are fully resolued that the Pope hath no such authoritie directly and that consequently he must either haue it indirectly in ordine ad spiritualia or not at all and è contra the authours who oppose themselues to that opinion are as confident that he hath no authoritie in temporalibus except hee haue it directly so as how can it be said they are Carer de authorit Rom. Pont. lib. 2. cap. 5. 8. agreed when both sides are so peremptorie that he hath no such authoritie at all except he haue it saith the one side directly saith the other side indirectly And for his further answere hereunto he referreth himselfe to that which before hee hath set downe in the 63 68 69 76 88 90 and 91 Sections 98 As it was obserued in the 42. Section that all princes for denying the Popes supremacie though otherwise they professe the Gospell are tearmed heretickes by the Romish Catholickes so although they liue neuer so orderly according to their lawes without inflicting any other punishments vpon offenders then are agreed vpon by the Common-wealth they are accounted tyrants if for the repressing of Popish errours they doe at some times giue way to the execution of such Lawes as are made against them And none are more violent herein then such as were borne and bred vp amongst vs in England as Stapleton and William Raynolds if they were the authors of the two bookes intituled De iusta abdicatione Henric 3. and De iusta Reipuh Christianae in Reges impios haereticos authoritate who affirme that all power at this day which is auerse from religion De iusta abdic pag. 11. Rossaeus pag. 106. meaning the Romish religion is tyrannie and that they are tyrants that doe vse their kingly power to the imposing vpon their Subiects of that faith which they terme hereticall and for example of such tyrants one of them alledgeth K. Henry the 8. Edward the 6. and Queene Elizabeth The consequences of which assertions are as Idem pag. 157. well in their opinions as in the opinion of many other that are of that sect that euery such tyrant may be depriued of his kingdome and if neede be murthered by his Subiects yea by euery priuate man if hee haue fit opportunitie after that he is declared by the Common-wealth as some say to be a tyrant or by the Pope as others affirme Whereby all kings and princes that mislike the Popes tyrannie and sundrie his corruptions are by him and his priests infinitely dishonoured and no one way more then by inciting their subiects to rebellion vnder pretence of religion which ought to be the surest band of duety and obedience In consideration whereof it being told this Examinate that it was all one to his Maiestie whether by the Popes doctrine hee were to be deposed from his Crowne vnder either of these false pretences that he is an hereticke or that he is a tyrant and that thereby his Subiects are no longer to obey him but may beare armes against him and offer violence vnto his sacred person as well in the one case as in the other and that therefore it stood him in hand seeing he professeth himselfe to be a true subiect to deliuer himselfe from these traiterous conceits he the said Examinate answered as followeth saying 99 That in his iudgement if it be true as this Examinat beleeueth it is that the Pope hath no authoritie by any Sentence whatsoeuer to depose a King for heresie as before he hath at large declared nor to absolue his subiects from their Allegeance it is also as true a fortiori that hee hath no authoritie by any Sentence or iudgment whatsoeuer so to determine any king to be a tyrant as that thereby his right to his kingdome should in any sort be empeached or his subiects set at liberty to rebell against him or to offer any hurt vnto his person 100 That he knoweth what diuers haue written as touching tyrants wherewith hee saith it is impertinent for him now to intermeddle affirming notwithstanding that in his iudgement no king who in the course of his gouernement doth obserue the lawes established in his kingdome and doth not otherwise afflict his subiects either by violence rapine crueltie impositions exactions or by any other vnlawfull meanes but as he is bound giueth way to the execution of his lawes and onely vseth the ancient prerogatiue of his Crowne can in any true construction be rightly iudged a tyrant though some of his said lawes doe tend to the punishment of Catholickes and to the maintenance of the religion which he professeth diuers Emperours being in their times notable gouernours and promoters of their Empire to the great good of their subiects in temporall causes though otherwise they were great enemies to Christianitie 101 That no King who commeth to his Crowne by succession as being the right heire thereof may lawfully vnder any pretence of tyrannie bee deposed or resisted by his subiects either iointly assembled together or otherwise by any secret machinations or treacheries of manie few or of any one and that as touching this point either of iudging a king to be a tyrant or dealing with him thereupon as is before mentioned he is altogether of Master Blackwood his opinion who writing against sundry traiterous positions of Buchanans tending to the effect before obiected doth proue very sufficiently these points that ensue viz 102 That no subiects can arrogate to themselues Blackuodaei Apolog pro Regibus pag. 56. any part of Regall authority without committing of treason except the same bee delegated vnto them by the King and that then also they are to vse the same authority no otherwise then in such sort and so long as the King doeth willingly permit them That our Kings here in this land are no way obliged Pag. 106. to the people for their kingdome but haue all their power and Empire from God and are onely bound to giue an account to him of the discharge of their office and duetie their kingdomes belonging to them iure haereditario by right of inheritance so as no sooner Pag. 178. is one King dead but the next heire is actually king no ceremonie or Coronation or other circumstances adding more to his right then hee had before That the Oath itselfe which they take at their Coronation being made to God and not to the people doeth not Pag. 221. any way empeach the interest they haue iure sanguinis Pag. 224. by their birth 103 That forasmuch as the kings subiects his Pag. 211. c. Clergie Nobles and Commons cannot assemble together in Parliament without the kings Writte vnder paine of treason by the olde lawes nor when they are
whether the Pope doeth require them so to doe or not against any that doe endeauour to suppresse it But he holdeth that such their duetie bindeth them no further then so to maintaine religion within their owne kingdoms if need be and not to make warre in that respect against any who doe containe themselues and their proceedings aforesaid within their owne bounds and doe not seeke by force to suppresse in any other Countries that are adiacent vnto them the Religion there established otherwise then in his owne But withall he addeth that he holdeth it to be the duetie of all such Catholike kings to do what they can with any King auerse from the Pope for the winning of him vnto his Holinesse by perswasion and by euery other good meanes but in no wise by the sword or by solliciting his Subiects to rebellion or to make a part of his owne Kingdome against him or otherwise to endanger his Person Crowne or State Besides for as much as this Examinate saith he beleeueth that the Pope hath no inherent authoritie in himselfe in temporalibus out of S. Peters patrimonie and that the regall authoritie is not deriued from the Pope or held immediatly of him hee doeth not find how the Pope as he is either a Spirituall or a ciuill Prince hath authoritie to command the sword of any Kings otherwise then by entreatie and in the cases by him this Examinate aboue specified or that they are bound by force of their Baptisme to obey him if so he doe command them 125 Secondly were it granted to this Examinate that the Pope as a Ciuill Prince might lawfully haue sent his forces into Ireland as is aforesaid and denounce warre when he thinketh it expedient against any King as Cardinall Allen hath written yet it is fit that this Examinate should open himselfe in his dutie to his Maiestie whether in his iudgement when the Pope will needes take vpon him to play the temporall Prince and become a warriour hee holdeth it to bee at such times more lawfull and agreeable to the Scriptures either for the Pope or for any of his instruments to perswade the Subiects of any King with whom hee contendeth that because hee is a Protestant as that generall name is growen in vse and denieth the Popes supremacie and embraceth the Religion reformed and purged of sundry grosse errours and points of superstition and is thereupon either by name or in generall termes by vertue of some other Buls Excommunicated or because he seeketh to alter the ancient Religion which formerly they or their forefathers did professe therefore it is lawfull for them nay that they are bound in conscience to renounce their obedience vnto him and to assist the Popes forces then it is lawfull for the Emperour or some other Kings whose predecessours had made the Pope a Ciuil prince by bestowing vpon him so large possessions when they haue resolued of a warlike course against him to perswade his Subiects and authorize them to ioyne with them and to beare armes against him vpon these or any other such like suggestions viz that the Pope abused his place and behaued himselfe otherwise then of ancient times his predecessours had done that it was neuer the meaning either of their former renowmed Emperours or of any other Kings or of the most famous Romanes and Italians their Noble progenitors who once gouerned the chiefest part of the world that thereby he should take courage and boldnesse to encounter as hee did with them their successours or to tyrannize as his custome was ouer them his pretended Subiects and ouer their sometimes so glorious a Citie and that therefore if they would ioyne their forces with theirs they would restore them vnto their ancient honours and libertie 126 To this question this Examinate saith that it is a point of State how and when Princes may make warres but he is sure that they ought not so to doe except the cause be iust Againe he cōfesseth that as some hold the Pope may depose no secular Prince though he abuse his authoritie in perniciem Christianitatis fidei to the destruction Iacob Almain de potest Ecclesiasticâ Laicâ Quaest. 1. cap. 9. of Christianitie or of the faith but may onely declare him worthy to be deposed and therefore forbid his subiects vnder paine of Excommunicatiō to performe any dutie vnto him wherby in effect hee looseth his kingdome when no man doth regard him so they doe thinke that in the same sort if the Pope doe abuse his authoritie Idem ibidem Quaest 2. cap. 8. in detrimentum Reipublicae to the detriment of the Common wealth the Emperour may depose him vnder paine of confiscation of all his temporall goods which hee holdeth of the Emperour and of the king as a vassall and that by vertue of such a Sentence giuen by the Emperour they to whom it appertaineth shall in the end bee compelled to remoue him from his authoritie of the high Bishopricke But of these and such like points this Examinate saith he wil not take vpon him to iudge onely hee acknowledgeth that so farre as his reading and learning stretcheth hee doth in his conscience verily beleeue touching the said question to him propounded as here ensueth 127 That neither the Pope hath any authoritie to depose the Emperour nor the Emperour to depose the Pope they may deale one with another for reforming of abuses but they ought not to proceede to such extremities that as hee hath before oftentimes said that the Pope hath no authority at all by any waies or meanes whatsoeuer giuen vnto him Iure diuino to depose any Protestant king or Soueraigne Prince nor to absolue his subiects from their Allegeance nor to authorize them or command them to beare armes against him so neither may hee lawfully when he commeth or sendeth as a Ciuill Prince his forces and men of warre to assaile any such king in his owne Countrey though he take that course in defence of Religion seeke to perswade the subiects of such a King to rebell against him by ioyning their forces with the Popes or if hee or any of his instruments so doe suggesting that otherwise they shall incurre the Popes curse yet they the said subiects ought not to regard it but remaine still as firmely bound to obey their King and take part with him as if the Pope had neuer conceiued any displeasure against him 128 That therefore hee must needs confesse the positions following to be very vnsound and repugnant vnto the Scriptures and the ancient Catholicke doctrine which is alwaies to be preferred before mens new deuises be they for their learning and places neuer so eminent in the Church 129 It is godly and honourable to fight in such order Card. Allen. a True defence pag. 103. and time as we are warranted in conscience and law by our Supreme Pastours and Priests 130 In warres that may at any times happen for religion Card. Allen. letter to Stanley pag.
subiects haue thereby receiued great detriment especially subiects who haue spent their liues as supposing the cause was iust which they vndertooke this in the meane while being indeed their case that as what they did therein was in truth wicked and rebellious so when either that which they took in hand had not good successe or when afterwards the Pope and such Princes grew to an agreement they were euer for the most part reputed according to their deserts for Rebels and Traitours vnder pretence of some thing or other that was amisse in their proceedings and that therefore he hopeth that in time all Catholickes will hereafter by other mens harmes learne to beware and not bee drawen to any disobedience against their Soueraignes vnder any pretence whatsoeuer 77 The authours of the late most wicked and barbarous treason commonly termed the Gun-powder treason had as this Examinate verily thinketh some intendment to haue aduanced thereby the Catholicke cause for that his Maiestie did still persist in the same course which was held by the late Queene his predecessor or by what other inducements this Examinate knoweth not Howbeit as this was their iust reward here that they were condemned and executed for traitours so doe they worthily reape amongst all discreete Catholikes and wise men abroad in other Countries nothing but shame and infamy to the memorie of their owne names and posteritie which this Examinate wisheth from the bottome of his heart may euer be the successe of all manner of persons whatsoeuer that shall imagine or seeke to contriue any hurt to his Maiestie the Prince or any other of his Highnesse posteritie or to the present state of this kingdome vnder any colour or pretence of conscience religion fauour towards the Bishops of Rome or any thing els whatsoeuer Only this Examinat here addeth that as he doth very well approue that Catesby with his fellowes should bee chronicled for traitours by any or wheresoeuer so he disliketh that the said Cristanouic also who is aboue named should endeuour after a sort to qualifie their offence by casting an vntrue and shamefull scandall vpon this whole nation where after a long discourse to prooue that English men haue from time to time conspited against their kings not for religion but in respect of their owne rebellious nature he concludeth thus with relation to the said Gun-powder traitors Causam tenes lector coniurationum Anglicanarum quarum furorem falsò religioni Stanista Cristanouic exam Cath. fol. 18. Catholicae legislatores tribuunt that is Thus Reader you haue the true cause of the English conspiracies the furie whereof their Law-makers doe falsly impute to the Catholique religion And againe Non ergo Catholicum sed Anglicanum ingenium Reges Ibidem Angliae non sinit securos esse that is It is not therefore the Catholique but the English humor which will not suffer the Kings of England to liue secure For as this Examinate saith what this fellow affirmeth of English men may bee as well iustified of any nation in Christendome if such a rash iudgement might be grounded vpon such like arguments as he hath vsed But here this Examinate remembring his drift wisheth in his heart that it might be neuer forgotten by any Catholiques or other English men whosoeuer what guerdon commendation and infamous renowme they may iustly expect that for any cause whatsoeuer as is aforesaid shall attempt any thing against their Soueraigne 78 Thus farre this Examinate hauing opened his iudgement vpon such occasions as were ministred vnto him he vsed sundry speeches how much it troubled him that either his Maiestie or the State should doubt of his sinceritie and Allegeance and therefore for a conclusion and as it were to adde his seale to all that before he hath said he further affirmeth viz That he doeth truely and sincerely from the bottome of his heart acknowledge professe testifie and declare in his conscience before God and the world that King Iames his Soueraigne lord is iure diuino and by the positiue lawes of this realme lawfull and rightfull King of this realme and of all other his Maiesties Dominions and Countries both de facto and de iure and that it was not lawfull either for his Maiesties Subiects to haue withstood him by force from being their king nor euer can be lawful for them now that he is their king to rise vp against him or seeke by any wayes or meanes to hurt him either in his health or in his regall estate although he denieth the Popes supremacie in causes Ecclesiasticall and seeketh as he may to suppresse all those that dissent from him in those points of Religion which hee imbraceth and though likewise they his said subiects being either Catholikes or Protestants had sufficient numbers forces and ability so to doe without any scandall to the Catholike cause and without any danger to themselues either in their goods or liues 79 That the Pope iure diuino by the lawe of God neither of himselfe nor by any authority of the Church or See of Rome or by any other meanes with any other hath any power or authority either directly or indirectly in ordine ad spiritualia whether the said authoritie bee termed spiritual or temporall or mixt or howsoeuer it is or may be termed to depose the King or to dispose any of his Maiesties kingdomes or dominions or to authorize any forreine Prince to inuade or annoy him or his countreys or to discharge any of his subiects of their Allegeance and obedience to his Maiestie or to giue license or leaue to any of them to beare armes raise tumult or to offer any violence or hurt to his Maiesties Roial person State or gouernment or to any of his Maiesties subiects within his Maiesties dominions 80 That he doeth also affirme from his heart that notwithstanding any declaration or Sentence of Excommunication or depriuation made or graunted or to bee made or graunted by the Pope or his successours or by any authoritie deriued or pretended to be deriued from him or his See against the said King his heires or successours or any absolution of the said subiects from their obedience hee will beare faith and true alleageance to his Maiestie his Heires and Successours and him and them will defend to the vttermost of his power against all conspiracies and attempts whatsoeuer which shall bee made against his or their persons their crowne and dignitie by reason or colour of any such sentence or declaration or otherwise by reason or colour of any authoritie or power ascribed to the Pope in temporalibus directly or indirectly in ordine ad spiritualia whether the said authoritie be termed spirituall or temporall or mixt or howsoeuer it is or may be termed and will do his best endeauour to disclose and make knowen vnto his Maiestie his Heires and Successours all treasons and traiterous conspiracies which hee shall know or heare of to bee against him or any of them 81 That furthermore he
Papali cap. 13. France except that which Zacharie did in the deposition of Hildericus may bee expounded deposuit id est deponentibus consensit sicut exponit glossa Zacharie deposed the King that is hee gaue his consent to those that did depose him as the glosse doth expound it that from such singular facts of deuotion to the Church or to the person or of fauour or for some other cause and not in right of law arguments may not bee made that whereas it is read in histories that Boniface obtained of Phocas the Emperour that the Church of Rome should be the head of all Churches because the Church of Constantinople did write herselfe so it might bee collected by such a like argument that it appertained to the Emperour to transferre the primacie of one Church to another as likewise whereas Isidore saith that Constantine the Emperour did decree that the See of Rome should hold the principalitie ouer the foure chiefe Sees Antioch Alexandria Constantinople and Hierusalem God forbid that thereupon we should say that the Church of Rome hath her Primacy ouer Churches and the disposition of them from Emperours So as this Examinate saith that which was done as touching the deposition of Hildericke the king of France doth no way alter his opinion before shewed touching the Popes authoritie in temporalibus casualiter when they are lawfully referred vnto him as in the Sect. 113. he hath specified 120 Here this Examinate was put in minde of certaine wordes of his in the said 113. Section where saying that the Pope as hee is Christs vicar could not otherwise deale in temporalibus casualiter then as here he hath said he seemeth to insinuate that in some other respect hee might deale in temporall causes with Kings for the deposing of them and proceeding with their subiects as hath bene before diuers times mentioned And the rather it so seemeth in that he hauing before cited out of Mancinus how the Pope hath authoritie to proclaime warre and so become a man at armes did let that point passe him without answere vnto it 121 For satisfaction whereof this Examinate saith that in his iudgement it is as lawfull for the Pope to make warre within his own Territories which he holdeth as a Temporall Prince when he is driuen thereunto through the disobedience of his subiects or in their defence against other Princes as it is for any King or ciuill State so to doe vpon such or the like occasions and that Iacobus Gretzerus saith well if this Examinate doth rightly vnderstand him to this purpose and to the iustification of all in effect which this Examinate hath set downe throughout the whole course of this his Examination touching his deniall of the Popes authoritie either directly as he is Pope or indirectly in ordine ad spiritualia as he is Summus Princeps spiritualis the Supreme spirituall Prince to depose Kings and release their subiects from the oathes of their allegeance c. where he writeth in this sort Cogit Pontifex Romanus poenis externis spiritualibus vt Excommunicatione Gretzerus defens controuers Bellar. colum 1404. item poenis externis temporalibus corporalibus quà ipse est Princeps politicus quà Principum politicorum opem implorare potest vt haereticorum petulantiam licentiam poenis temporalibus compescant that is That the Bishop of Rome hath authoritie to compell men by outward spirituall punishments as by Excommunication and also by outward temporal and corporal punishments as he is himselfe a ciuill Prince and as he may implore the assistance of other ciuill Princes that they may represse by temporall punishments the wantonnesse and liberty of heretikes 122 And this Examinate also further saieth that for ought he can Iudge whereas some exceptions were taken to the Popes sending of certaine small forces into Ireland about the yeere 1580. to assist the Earle of Desmond Cardinall Allen in answere of them doth politically iustifie that his fact where hee writeth in this manner The chiefe Bishops of Christs Church our supreme Pastors in earth by Gods prouidence and by the graunts of Card. Allens answere to the English Iustice pag. 144. our first most Christian Emperours and Kings and by the humble and zealous deuotion of the faithfull Princes and people afterwards haue their temporall states dominions and patrimonies whereby they most iustly holde and possesse the same and are thereby lawfull Princes temporall and may most rightfully by their Soueraigntie make warres in their owne and other mens iust quarrell as occasion shall vrge them there vnto 123 By reason of diuers particulars deliuered by this Examinate in this his answere to the last doubt propounded vnto him it was first demanded of him whether in his iudgement the Pope hath authority to command any king being held for a Catholicke to take armes against any his neighbour kings deemed by him for heretickes for the suppressing of them by temporall coertions when the Pope shall iudge it fit because it might seeme very strange for any man to conceiue that Christ euer gaue to S. Peter any iurisdiction authoritie or power in fauour of religion to set kings together by the eares It might haue some probabilitie that if a king who disalloweth of the Popes supremacie and of many other corrupt points of popish doctrine should send his forces into any other temporall princes dominions to make warres of purpose to abolish the Popes authoritie and plant there the reformed religion by him professed then in this case the Pope might sollicite some other kings adioyning to oppose them selues make warres against him But to imagine that when a King proceedeth no further then to order matters in his owne kingdome by the aduise of the States thereof both Ecclesiasticall and Temporall as it shal be iudged by him and them most expedient any Bishop or Spirituall person whosoeuer may take vpon him to proclaime or excite warre and thrust other kings to assaile him by force in his owne kingdome and countrey euery such conceit wanteth authoritie in the new Testament and hath no example for many yeeres in the purest and best times of the Church and besides it is repugnant to that which this Examinate hath before deliuered For kingdomes being neither founded vpon faith nor grace how can they be shaken vnder pretence that either of them is impugned Christianitie may well be thought to binde a king who reckoneth himselfe subiect to the Bishop of Rome in spirituall causes in them to submit him selfe vnto him but to command him to make warre and thereby hazard peraduenture his owne kingdome or spend the blood either of his owne Subiects or of the subiects of any other Christian King when the Pope thinketh good is a very bloodie and an vnchristian opinion 124 Vnto this question and the parts thereof this Examinate saith that he beleeueth that all Christian Kings and Princes are bound to doe what they can for the maintenance of the Catholicke faith
me wrought with threedes of an vnsuting colour may be cut asunder and vanish into smoke I am aged and in durance for the Catholike faith and doe not knowe that I haue hither to trode in any other paths then in those wherein are imprinted the plainest foot-steps of the most learned Catholickes Bury therefore in silence I beseech you all those loude clamors sounding euery where against me that am innocent and an earnest vpholder of the chaire Apostolicke Witnesse thereof my present imprisonment witnes my often preachings witnes the perils I haue vndergone for the dignity of the See Apostolicke in my sore-passed course of 32. yeres witnes the administration of my Arch-priesthood enuironed with the daily hazards of my life But whither doe I goe doubtlesse I may seeme somewhat too lauish in ripping vp these matters before your Amplitude who as I trust will now reduce your seuerer censure of me and of my fact to a better temper of equitie and commiseration But I will conclude and for the close will vse that saying of Leo The priuiledge of Peter standeth firme where sentence is giuen according vnto his equitie Neither is there too much seuerity or remissenes where nothing is bound or loosed but what S. Peter hath either loosed or bound Our Lord Iesus preserue your Amplitude to the greater enlargement of the Catholicke faith and to our comfort From London out of prison 13. Nouemb. 1607. Your Amplitudes most humble seruant George Blakwell THE EXAMINATION OF M r. George Blakwell Taken at seuerall times according to his Maiesties direction vpon occasion of his answere to Card. BELLARMINE Hee saith 1 THat because he perceiueth that diuers exceptions are taken against his late letter written to Cardinall Bellarmine he is willing to set downe his iudgment more fully concerning the duetie which all Subiects doe owe to their Soueraigne Lords vnder whom they were borne and consequently all Catholickes Englishmen vnto his Maiestie KING IAMES 2 First hee saith vpon certaine demaunds propounded vnto him That he acknowledgeth all the precepts in the New Testament as touching obedience to Emperours Kings and Ciuil Magistrates to be perpetuall and may not be changed or qualified by any authoritie whatsoeuer either Ecclesiasticall or Ciuil and that what Subiect soeuer aswell Ecclesiasticall as Lay doeth violate any of them vpon any occasion oâ— at any time or by vertue of any dispensation or oâ— any intent to profit thereby the Catholike cause and aduance Religion or for any other cause whatsoeuer he doeth therein sinne mortally 〈◊〉 euer being vnlawfull to do euil that good might come of it 3 That hee vtterly condemneth all those who shall presume to affirme that either Christ or his Apostles did temporize in the said precepts as meaning that Subiects were no longer bound to obey the Emperour Kings and souereign Princes being wicked Apostatas or heretiques then vntill they were able by force of Armes to suppresse them that impious conceit in those dayes being farre in his iudgement from the godly Bishops and Christians then liuing 4 That whereas in the Apostles times and so afterwards for the space of about 300. yeeres the Emperors were not only Pagans themselue except it were one of them and refused to embrace the Gospel but likewise endeauoured by all the meanes they could of crueltie and moâ—â— bloodie persecution to suppresse the propagation of it forasmuch as the godly Bishops Fathers and Christians in those dayes hauing learned their duties of obedience from Christ and his Apostles neither taught nor put in practise any course of disobedience nor bare armes against them though as Tertullian saith they had sufficient Tertull in Apolog cap. 37. force so to haue done he this Examinate doeth greatly approoue such their dutifull obedience affirming that in his iudgement they had sinned mortally if they had done otherwise 5 That euen in the case of Iulian who hauing first embraced the Gospel became afterwards an Apostata the godly Bishops Fathers and Christians in those times although some writ bitterly against him yet they did not excite his Subiects to beare armes against him nor did themselues enter into any rebellion either of which courses if they had attempted this Examinate thinketh as before that they had greatly offended God and broken the precepts of Christ and his Apostles adding that therein he ioyned with S. Augustine where he speaketh of the duty Augustine in Psal 124. which Christians performed to Iulian though he were an Apostata Iulianus extitit infidelis Imperator Nonne extitit Apostata iniquus Idololatra Milites Christiani seruiebant Imperatori infideli Vbi veniebatur ad causam Christi non agnoscebant nisi illum qui in coelo erat Quando volebat vt Idola colerent vt thurificarent praeponebant illi Deum quando autem dicebat Producite aciem ite contra illam gentem statim obtemperabant Distinguebant Dominum aetertum à domino temporali tamen subditi erant propter Dominum aeternum etiam domino temporali That is Iulian was an vnbeleeuing Emperour Was hee not an Apostata an oppressour and an Idolater Christian Souldiers serued an vnbeleeuing Emperour when it came to the cause of CHRIST they did acknowledge none but him that was in Heauen When he would haue them to worship Images and to sacrifice they preferred God before him but when he said Bring forth an Army goe against such a Nation they foorthwith obeyed They distinguished the eternall Lord from the temporall and yet were subiect vnto the temporall lord for the Eternall 6 This Examinate hauing thus declared his iudgement in the premises it was demanded of him whether he had seene the Popes last Breue dated at Rome 10. Calend. Septemb. 1607. beginning Renunciatum est c. and what vpon the sight therof his iudgement now was as touching the lawfulnesse of the oath of Allegeance before by him taken Whereupon he sayeth that hee hath onely seene a Copie of the said last Breue that he hath very carefully perused and weighed euery sentence and clause in it and that neuerthelesse he remaineth stedfastly in his former opinion and iudgement viz. That it is lawful for all Catholickes in England to take the said oath of Allegeance published the last Session but one of this present Parliament and that he constantly is fetled as touching euery part and member of the said oath formerly by him taken that they are true and that this he doth acknowledge without any equiuocation or mentall euasion or secret reseruation whatsoeuer to all intents and purposes as if he should here againe haue repeated the said oath at large 7 This Examinate being here required forasmuch as in his iustification of the said oath and of his taking of it since his sight of the last Breue he doth relie vpon his former opinion and iudgement which notwithstanding in the Letter written to Cardinall Bellarmine he doeth strangely qualifie contrary to the expectation had of him heere for his plaine dealing and
Allegeance necessarily answere concerning the positions following whether he doeth allow them or disallow them the same being the effects of the Popes Excommunications euen ante Sententiam latam before Sentence denounced which are likewise contrary to his former iudgement 43 The Canon Lawes sayth no meane man Card. Allen against the execution of Iustice pa. 87. being authenticall in the lawfull tribunals of the Christian world doe make all heretikes not onely after they bee namely and particularly denounced but by the Law it selfe ipso facto as soone as they bee heretikes or de iure excommunicated for the same to bee depriued of their Dominions And another of little lesse credit then the former writeth thus Hinc inferatur Philop. pag. 194. vniuersa Theologorum at Iurisconsultorum Ecclesiasticorum Schola est certum de fide quamcunque Principem Christianum si a Religione Catholicâ manefestè deflexerit alios auocare voluerit excidere statim omni potestate ac dignitate ex ipsâ vi iuris tum humani tum diuini hocque ante omnem sententiam Supremi Pastoris ac Iudicis contra ipsos prolatam subditos quoscunque liberos esse ab omni iuramenti obligatione quodei de obedientia tanquam Principi legitimo praestitissent posseque debere stvires habeant istiusmodi hominem tanquam Apostatam haereticum ac Christi Domini desertorem reipub inimicum hestemque ex hominum Christianorum dominatu oijcere ne alios inficiat vel suo exemplo aut imperio à fide auertat Atque haec certa definita indubitata virorum doctissimorum sententia doctrinae Apostolicae conformis planè ac consona est That is Hereupon the whole Schoole of Diuines and Canonists doth inferre and it is certaine and of faith that any Christian Prince whatsoeuer if hee shall manifestly deflect from the Catholicke Religion and endeuour to withdraw others from the same doeth presently fall from all power and dignitie by the very force of humane and diuine law and that also before any Sentence of the Supreme Pastour and Iudge against him denounced and that his subiect whatsoeuer are free from all obligation of that oath which they had performed for their allegeance vnto him as to their lawfull Prince and that they may and ought if they haue forces to eiect such a man as an Apostata an hereticke and a backslider from the Lord Christ and an enemy to the Common wealth out of all dominion ouer Christians lest hee infect others or by his example or commandements auert others from the faith And this certaine definite and vndoubted opinion of the best learned men is wholy agreeable and consonant to the Apostolicall doctrine And to this purpose diuers others of the same humour might be alledged 44 Whereupon this Examinate at the last though he was hardly drawen vnto it in respect of the persons whose wordes were cited much honoured and reuerenced by him did giue this answere saying in effect as he did concerning the authors whose assertions were propounded vnto him in the next precedent obiection viz. That these men had their particular opinions as hee hath his but confesseth that these their assertions last mentioned are farre from his iudgement vtterly denying them to bee the inferences of the schoole of all Diuines and Ecclesiasticall Lawyeers or that they are either de fide of faith or certaine or defined or the vndoubted opinions of the most learned men agreeable to the doctrine of the Apostles Besides whatsoeuer this Examinate hath formerly said touching his reasons sent to Rome or out of Syluester or touching the present estate of this Kingdome or his former iudgement that an Excommunication cannot warrant any such kinde of proceedings of subiects against their Princes be they Hereticks or Apostates or whatsoeuer they be doth iustle directly with these assertions and therefore hee saith that hee doth vtterly reiect them accounting them great staines and blemishes vnto Excommunication if they bee made the effectes thereof 45 Here it falling out aptly to come to the point indeed mentioned Sect. 35. the same was pressed For whereas it is cleare by this Examinates confession that they of the Romish church haue not onely amongst them Excommunication of Princes but likewise as hee hath before shewed out of certaine their authenticall writers an Eradication and vtter extirpation which must as it appeareth be effected not by Excommunication but by vertue of the Popes authority either as he is directly Dominus Temporalium that is the chiefe Temporall Lord vnder Christ ouer all the world or indirectly in ordine ad spiritualia in order to things spirituall forasmuch as both of them doe tend to one end and are equally pernicious and trayterous to all Regall Principalitie and authoritie it being litle to the purpose to detract from Excommunication that it hath no power to depose kings or to absolue their subiects from their Allegeance if there be left in the Pope another kinde of power after that by his Excommunication he hath cast kings to the deuill in his owne idle conceit then to eradicate them likewise and throw them out of their kingdomes and to authorize and incite their subiects to all secret conspiracies treasons rebellions and trecheries against their Soueraignes this Examinate was heere againe vrged vpon his allegeance to his Maiestie and as there was any trueth to bee expected at his hands to set downe his iudgement touching this point of the Popes pretended Soueraigne power in Temporalibus in ordine ad spiritualia in order to things spirituall as he hath done before concerning the other pretence of his direct authoritie 46 With this point this Examinate as it seemed being much perplexed said that now indeed the matter was followed to the quicke and therefore desired that it might be sufficient for him to acknowledge that in his iudgement the Pope hath authoritie to Excommunicate when there is cause the greatest King in the world profesing Christianitie but sayth hee for his other power in ordine ad spiritualia in order to things spirituall it cannot touch his Maiestie 47 Hereupon for that this Examinate had often before desired that hee might speake of things by degrees not in grosse it was thought fit to proceed herein with him accordingly And therefore hee was first put in minde what he had before said in the beginning of this his Examination concerning his iudgement of the obedience due to princes by the precepts of Christ and his Apostles Sect. 2 of the continuance of the said precepts of his dislike that any should imagine either Christ or his Apostles in their said precepts to haue temporized as willing Christians then liuing vnder persecuting Emperours to obey no longer but vntill they were able by force to suppresse them Sect. 3 and so as aboue more at large it doth appeare and being thereupon demaunded whether hee continued still in the same iudgement without any equiuocation or euasion whatsoeuer he thereunto
creatures as God the Father is but this kingdome is eternall and diuine and doeth not take away the Dominions of men nor agreeth to the Pope that Christ as man is the spirituall king of all men and hath a most ample spirituall power ouer all as well faithfull as Infidels that this spirituall kingdome of Christ after the day of Iudgment shall be sensible and manifest and that the glory of this kingdome was begun in Christ our head quando à mortuis resurrexit when hee arose from the dead that this Spirituall kingdome is not a temporall Kingdome such as kings enioy nor can be communicated to the Pope because this spirituall kingdome presupposeth the resurrection that Christ as man might if he would or had thought it expedient haue taken to himselfe a Regall authoritie but hee would not and therefore did neither receiue nor had either the execution or authoritie or power of any temporall Dominion or kingdome that all kingdomes are gotten either by succession or by election or by the sword or by gift but Christ had no temporall kingdome by any of these meanes that Christ did neuer execute any Regall authoritie in the world that Christ came to minister not to be ministred vnto to bee iudged not to iudge that hee should haue receiued such a Regall authoritie in vaine hauing neuer any vse of it it being a vaine power quae nunquam redigitur in actum which is neuer brought into act that Christ did not cast out of the Temple the buyers and sellers of Oxen and Sheepe by any Pontificall or Regall power sed more Prophetarum zelo quodam diuino but after the maner of the Prophets by a certaine diuine zeale that kingly authoritie was not necessarie for Christ nor profitable but plainely superfluous and vnprofitable that the ende of Christs comming into the world was the redemption of mankind to which end spirituall power was onely necessarie and not temporall that that power meerely temporall was vnprofitable for Christ is apparant because he was to perswade men to contempt of glory delicacies riches and of all temporall things wherewith kings of this world doe most abound that all the places almost of Scriptures which speake of the kingdome of Christ must needes be vnderstood of his spirituall and eternall kingdome but temporall kingdomes are not eternall that Christ was not a temporall king of the Iewes but a spirituall king of the Church that although the Pope is said to haue that office which Christ himselfe enioyed when he was among men yet those offices cannot be ascribed to the Pope which Christ had as God or as hee is now an immortall and glorious man but onely those and yet not all of them which he held as a mortall man that Christ because he was God and man habuit quandam potestatē quam dicunt excellentiae had a certaine power of excellencie as they call it whereby he gouerned both faithfull and Infidels whereas hee committed his sheepe onely that is the faithfull to the Pope that Christ as hee was man had power to institute Sacraments and worke miracles by his owne authoritie which power the Pope hath not that Christ could absolue men from their sinnes without Sacraments which the Pope cannot doe that Christ doeth communicate that power to the Pope which might bee communicated puro homini to a meere man which was necessarie for the gouernement of the faithfull so as without impediment they might obtaine the kingdome of heauen 56 That these places and authorities Data est Idem ibidem cap. 5. mihi omnis potestas in coelo in terrâ Matth. 8. All power is giuen vnto me in heauen and earth Christus beato Petro vitae aeternae clauigero terreni simul coelestis Imperij iura commisit Christ committed to S. Peter the key-carier of eternall life the Nicol. Pap. epist. ad Michael rights both of the terrene and celestiall Empire Ecce duo gladij Luc. 22. Beholde here are two swords doe no way preiudice the former doctrine that the Popes power to decide temporall suits and questions Can. caus 11. quaest 1. Quicunque litem was granted vnto him by Theodosius ex pietate non ex debito of deuotion not of duetie that Christ for the preseruation of humilitie ordeined that the Pope should haue need of the Emperours defence in temporalibus Idem ibidem cap. 10. and that the Emperour also should need the Popes direction in spiritualibus and that therefore he left the Empire to Tiberius and bestowed the Popedome vpon Peter 57 That as touching the temporall principalities Idem ibidem cap. 9. which they haue indeed the same were giuen to the Bishops of Rome and other Bishops by godly men such as Constantine Charles the great and Lewis his sonne were that although it were peraduenture absolutely better that the Bishops of Rome should onely intermeddle with spirituall matters and kings with temporall yet through the malice of time experience teacheth it to be both profitable and necessarie that as in the old Testament the high Priests were long sine Imperio temporali without a temporal gouernment and yet in those last times religion could not haue consisted and bene defended except the high Priests had bin likewise kings as in the time of the Maccabees euen so it hath come to passe with the Church that she who in the beginning did need no temporall principalitie doth now seeme to haue need thereof necessarily 58 All the premisses being in this maner alledged out of Bellarmine in effect word for word by this Examinate it was told him that except he could be content to open and enlarge himselfe further then after this sort forasmuch as Bellarmine notwithstanding all that this Examinate hath repeated out of him for the expressing of his owne iudgement doeth afterward clearely attribute such an indirect powre to the Pope ordine adspiritualia in order to things spirituall as doth giue him authority when he thinketh fit to deale with Emperours and Kings as if all the world were at his commandement directly or indirectly it forceth not for the eradicating of them deposing of them absoluing their subiects from their obedience and plotting against them by his firebrands and Assassins as times and places may serue his turne as it hath beene touched Sect. 35. and 45 hee this Examinate should leaue the matter worse then when hee began and shew most manifestly that when he tooke the oath of Alleageance hee did dally and dissemble aboue measure otherwise then became any dutiful subiect liuing in a case so neerely concerning his Maiesty and the State of the Kingdome 59 Vnto this point this Examinate for his answere saith that he maketh no doubt but that he hath sufficiently so opened his minde and enlarged himselfe as that there can bee no question of his sincericie toward his Maiestie in that hee hath twice Sect. 4. 47. shewed his iudgement touching the practise of the primitiue Church for the
serue her shall perish and that now Prelats haue authoritie to forbid vs the companie of heretiques idolaters blasphemers and not so much as to salute them much more not to obey them 140 That when by the impietie of the prince the Stapleton alias Rossaeus de iustâ Reipub. Christianae authoritate c. pag. 638. state of religion and of the Church is brought into danger then it is the duetie of godly men and Monkes peragrare ciuitates c. to goe from citie to citie and from prouince to prouince to admonish exhort and sollicite all Christian men to that manly constancie and fortitude which doeth not onely consist in wordes but in deeds and to preach that all oathes and couenants made vnto kings against the Catholicke faith are of no force nor ought to be obserued by a Christian man 141 That Priests ought to bee the first that must Will. Raynolds de iustâ abdicatione Henr. 3. pag. 57. 58. leaue the oppressour of religion and become therein an example vnto others that so Iehoiada the Priest arming the Leuites in the Temple against Athalia gaue vnto the Centurions lances shields and the targets of king Dauid and placing without the Temple the people with daggers commaunded her to bee slaine that Elie the Prophet did kill 450. false prophets whether the king and Queene would or not that Azarias the priest with 80. priests valiant men did resist Oziah then king the vsurper of the sacred ministerie and first thrust him out of the Temple being made a leper and then out of his kingdome that the Maccabees men of the priestly stocke valiantly fighting against tyrants for the law of God haue long since giuen a worthy and a notable example vnto priests and Christian preachers of exciting men to warre and armes against tyrants to religion whether domesticall or forreigne 142 And in another place the saide Stapleton Stapleton aliâs Rossaeus lib. citato pag. 579. Are Bishops saith he bound to instruct such as are committed to their charge that they should refraine from the conuersation of an hereticall king that they ought not to assist him either in warre or peace that all men being ignorant yea idiots ought to learne to reason after this sort Such a man is an heretique and therefore he hath no power ouer vs that bee Catholiques and are not noble men likewise bound to instruct their seruants that they ought to resist such an heretique now no king as hee who hath no right to his kingdome but a tyrant or a thiefe iniustly vsurping dominion ouer them Doeth the holy Ghost teach vs that the hate of an heretique is to bee offered vnto God for a great sacrifice and that we are to auoid him as a canker and yet shall it be held vnlawfull to resist that canker which endeuoureth to corrupt vs and to repell his force from vs with our swords who are commanded to cut off our owne flesh if it be infected with such a canker 143 Vpon the hearing of these particulars Alas Alas quoth this Examinate what meane you to increase my sorrow I haue said enough before to shew you how much I doe detest these kinde of positions as being infected if not with a canker yet with many vntrueths The examples in them are strangely wrested and doe not proue that which is intended by them God himselfe not Samuel did appoint that Dauid should succeed king Saul but it was farre from both their intentions that Saul should be deposed and so he continued king as long as he liued Iehoiada the high Priest tooke part with the kings sonne the heire apparant to the Crowne wherein he dealt as a dutifull subiect and as all Priests and subiects ought to deale in the like case And what kings did the Prophet Elie cast downe and destroy He said vnto Achab as a Prophet inspired Lyra super 48. Ecclesiastici with knowledge of things to come that in the place where dogs licked vp the blood of Naboth they should licke vp his blood also And in like sort vnto Ochozia because thou hast sent messengers to aske counsell of Belzebub the god of Acharon therefore thou shalt not descend from the bed wherupon thou liest but shalt die Thus Lyra doth expound those words and Hugo Cardinalis also to the same effect Cardinalis in eundem locum saying Thou didst cast downe kings i deijciendos praedixisti thou didst foretell they should bee cast downe Adperniciem i propter perniciem suam for their wickednes Et fregisti facilè potentiam ipsorum and thou didst easily breake their power that is confringendam praedixisti thou didst foretell their power should bee broken And in like sort both of them doe expound the words touching Elizeus how being a Prophet hee was not afraid of Iehoshaphat the king of Iuda to doe the message of God vnto him nor of the messengers of the king of Assyria that came to apprehend him The prophets that were slaine were conuicted miraculously from heauen to bee false prophets and thereupon through Elias motion which was agreeable to the law of God the people with the Kings consent for otherwise it is more then probable he might haue withstood it did kill them Whereas therefore it is said that Elias slew them Lyra saith that he did it per populum sibi in hoc assistentem by the people therein assisting him adding therewith fortè occîdit aliquos manu propriâ peraduenture he slew some of them with his owne hands But that is but a gesse and peraduenture he did not And touching Azarias Genebrard Chronol de Azarià being about the 27. yeere of his reigne strucken with leprosie he liued apart out of Ierusalem according to the law But yet hee continued king 25. yeeres after the text it selfe making mention of the 38. 39. 50. and 52. yeres wherein he is said to reigne as king of Iuda though by reason of his disease Ioathan his sonne gouerned his palace and the whole land vnder him the yeeres of whose reigne afterwards began not to bee reckoned till his father was dead and then being as Theodoret obserueth haeres regni the heire of the Theodoret. in lib. 4. Reg. kingdome he did succeed his father and reigned 16. yeeres And concerning the Maccabees they were in their times great princes and fought valiantly both for God and their countrey against certaine neighbour kings especially of Egypt and Assyria who did mightily trouble and afflict the whole land of Canaan as all true hearted English men were to doe if any king or prince vpon any pretence whatsoeuer should attempt by force to subdue his Maiestie and his dominions thereby to bring them into seruitude and slauerie 144 Also for the new Testament this Examinate saith though the Priesthood cannot be too much magnified as the humours of men are now adayes neuerthelesse it hath no such bloudie courses annexed vnto it as the said authours otherwise very worthy persons