Commissioners haue agreed since at this Treatie we could not accord vpon the full title of both the great Potentates As to intitle the Emperours Maiestie and of many other Dominions Lord and Conquerour and the Kings Maiestie with the title of Ingermanland wee haue of both sides great Commissioners referred the same to both great Potentates liking therein and if that either Potentate will be pleased to write the other with the full title as to the Emperours Maiestie the Kings Maiestie doth write the full title with the word Conquerour and that the Emperours Maiestie also doe write to the Kings Maiestie his full title with Ingermanland then both the Potentates are to send those titles by their Ambassadours and nominate the same full title in one of their Letters of confirmation and the other Letter to be written according to this our present agreement and if in both the Letters the titles be written to the full as the Emperours Maiesties full title with Conquerour and the Kings Maiestie with Ingermanland then both sides Ambassadours shall shew one the other the said Letters and hauing shewen them shall goe to each Prince with the same if then on either side the Potentate shall not like thereof and shall send the said Letters of confirmation with the short title according to this our present agreement the Ambassadours of both sides shall in like manner make knowne the same one to the other and so proceede therewith to both Potentates 14. Also it is agreed and concluded that there shall be free commerce of Trade betweene both the great Kingdomes the Empire of Russia and the Kingdome of Swethen and both Kingdomes subiects so that all the subiects of our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michael Fedorowich of all Russia Sam. Merchants of the Dominions of Russia from Nouogrod Plesco and other Cities and Townes paying their due custome shall haue free liberty without let to trafficke at Stockholme Wiburgh Reuell Narue and other Townes in the Countries of Swethland Fynland and Leifland and they that dwell and plant themselues at Iuangrod Yam Copora Nettingburgh and Coreilla what Nation soeuer either Russe or other people shall haue free liberty without let to trafficke and to trade paying their due custome in the right Custome houses at Mosco Nouogrod Plesco Lodiga and other Townes of Russia with the Emperours Maiesties subiects and also haue libertie to trauell through the Dominions of our great Lord Emperor and great Duke M.F. c. for their trade of Merchandize within the Dominions of Russia 15. And by reason heretofore our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michall Phedorowich of all Russia c. his Maiesties subiects Merchants had their free house of merchandize at Reuell also now by contract of Tausin and Wiburgh it is concluded they should haue a good place for a house appointed them in Reuell as also in other the Kings Maiesties Townes as at Stockholme and Wyburgh they shall haue house and Diuine Seruice according to their Religion in the said houses without let or hinderance but at Reuell in their Church as formerly they haue done yet to set vp no Church according to their Religion And as heretofore their Kings Maiesties his Subiects haue had a free house of trade at Nouogrod now also according to the contract of Tausina and Wyburgh they are to haue a good place for a house prepared them at Nouogrod and the Emperours Maiesties other Cities at Mosco and Plesco house for the said purpose and vse their Diuine Seruice according to their Religion in the house but to build no Churches for that vse any where For breuitie I haue omitted the following Articles to the 29. the substance whereof is as followeth The 16. determineth what debts shall be recouerable The 17. Free passage of Subiects thorow each others Territories 18. Freedome of Prisoners on both sides 19. Liberty of Inhabitants to stay in the places surrendred 20. Fugitiues to be redeliuered 21. Borderers to be restrained from robberies 22. For ending of quarrels if any happen 23.24 Confirmation of former contracts of Tawsina and Wiburge 25. No priuate or publike practise to be made against each other 26. Shewing of Letters of confirmation at the meeting of Ambassadours of both sides 27. Honorable conuoy for Ambassadours on either part 28. And also for Interpreters free passage 29. Item It is agreed and concluded that if by the permission and pleasure of God there happen an alteration of gouernment in Sweden or Russia them that Prince which shall newly come to his gouernment first shall reueale by his Ambassador to the other Prince from himselfe and after that the other shall visit him by his Ambassadour 30. Item If it so fall out at any time that of both sides the Princes as our great Lord c. their great Lord King Gustavus Adolphus shall find one to the other their great Ambassadours to confer of good matters then those said great Ambassadours vpon the borders shall meet without all controuersie or strife either betweene Odow and Euangorou or betweene Lodiga and Oreseke where they shall thinke most fitting for them on both sides in the midst of the diuision of the borders and there to conferre of these good matters in friendly and louing sort eyther by the Princes Commission or other commandement as they shall haue 31. Item If it happen that the Emperours Maiesties Subiects and Merchants their Boates Lodies and Merchants Vessels shall go to Reuell Wybourgh or other Townes and Castles of Swethen Fynland or Liefland or ships and other Vessels whereupon the Emperours Maiesties Ambassadours and Messengers shall be going to the Emperors Maiestie to the Pope into England or any other Kingdome by the Kingdome of Swethen or comming backe againe bee cast away and brought to the Swethish shoare eyther vpon the Salt Sea or the Lake of Lodiga by tempests or other meanes such people shall haue free libertie without hinderance to goe from thence with all the goods they can saue or shall get saued and the Kings Maiesties people shall helpe them to saue their goods In like manner if it happen with the Kings Maiestie Gustavus Adolphus of Swethen c. Subiects and Merchants Boats and Merchants Vessels with Commodities or otherwise be cast away and brought to the Emperors Maiesties shoare vpon the Ladigo or Plesco Lake then these people shall haue free liberty to goe away with all their goods which they can saue or get to be saued without let or hinderance and the Emperors Maiesties people shall helpe them to saue their goods 32. Item It is concluded and agreed on that our great Lord c. shall not ayde or assist against the Kings Maiesty of Sweden Gustavus Adolphus and the Crowne of Swethland the Kingdome of Poland and Lettow nor his Sonne Ladislaus and the Crowne of Poland and the Dukedome of Lettow nor all the Dominions of Poland and Lettow nor shall helpe him with men or treasure
Gracae permittimus earumque secundum constitutiones Patrum Sanctorum tuebimur in nullo puncto violandam immutandam Et vniuersam vener abilium Patrum Ministrorâ—m Dei Confessariorum vestrorum Coronam debito in honore sumus habituri Heroes Aulicos cuiuscunque sortis alios deligere promouere patriam possessionem pecunialem aliamque omnem prouisionem à nemine abalienando sed suum vnicuique attribuere promittimus secundum antiquam consuetudinem insuper nostra Imperatoria prouisione vnumquemque secundum ipsius dignitatem merita promouere Qui autem in malitia contâ—macia sua perseuerare non cessabunt ij Deum Opt. Max. â—astissiman eius Genitricem strictissimo illos gladâ—o punituros certo sciant nostrum Imperatorium beneuolum animum in iram vindictam mutatum experientur Non vult enim Deus Omnipotens vt ob malitiam contumaciam Rebellium innocentium vlterius sanguis effundatur Templa Dei spolientur gloria sancti Nominis eâ—us magis ac magis deprimatur Vos omnes apud animum vestrum diligentius perpendite his qui adhus nobis tergiuer santur renunciate vt animo mutato ad veritatis agnitionem redeant seditiosos pacis publicae diremptores reliquant Iam vero ad quas Arces Ciuitates hae literae nostrae peruenerint Mandamus vt eorum Capitanei Tenutarij omnia ad victum necessaria pecuniam colligant in paratisque habeant ad nostrum aduentum Interea Exercitus sacrae Regiae Maiestatis Domini Parentis nostri nostrique proprij ne vllum detrimentum patiantur sed vna in fraterno amore quoad venerimus viuatis Et donec Opt. Max. ex mera gratia sua nostraque Imperatorium cura diligentia toto Imperio Moscouitico firmato restaurato vobis petiri concesserit Dabantur Varsourae Anno Domini 1612. 9. die Martij The points of the Embassage of the Russian Messenger sent to his sacred Maiestie briefly collected BY what manner their naturall Lords ruled ouer them they alleaged to wit beginning from Borâ—k who was of the bloud of Augustus Caesar Emperour of Rome euen vnto the last Lord and Emperour Pheodor Euanowich in whom their Race ceased That Boris Godonoue abiding with Pheodor Euanowich was created by his owne force and power Emperour or Lord but after a little time the pleasure of God so working being thrust-out of the Imperiall seate departed this life shamefully and by violent death together with his Wife and Children That Christophorus Otropitij the Rostrige being of base descent vnder the Name which he did beare of Emperour otherwise Demetrij Euanowich slaine at Owglets did fraudulently and by deceit wherewith he deceiued the common people and others that beleeued them obtaine the Imperiall Seate by force without the consent of the Spiritualtie and all the chiefe Bishops and Lords and great men of the Kingdome who durst not withstand the same seeing the Commons to yeeld thereunto How the excellent Lord Palatin of Sandomire gaue his daughter in marriage to the Rostrige and himselfe many Gentlemen both of the Kingdome of Poland and great Duchy of Litow accompanying him came into Moscouia Then that Vasili Euanowich Suiskey with his brethren and many others associated to this attempt and stirring vp other great men of the Land did kill the Rostrige with many Gentlemen of Poland and the great Duchy of Litow and put the rest into diuers Castles And himselfe was made Emperour although he were not elected by all the States Whereupon many of our sort did not willingly acknowledge him Emperour and many would not obey him How another named the Wor did rise vp at Kalusia and caused himselfe to bee named Demetrij and so accounted Whereof when many both Russes and Poles heard they assembled vnto him thinking him to be the true Demetrij and the Russes did so much the more willingly draw vnto him because of the murtherers How others called Wors did name and call themselues sonnes of the slaine Emperour as Iuan Peter Pheodor and by many and diuers other names and vnder the same names did consume the State and shead much bloud How the Kings sacred Maiestie comming to Sâ—olensko sent his Messengers the Lord of Praemislaue and other noble men who comming vnto the Campe the forenamed Wors fled away but diuers of the Russes came vnto his Maiestie And taking counsell with the Boiarins at that time remayning with Suiskey in the chiefe Citie we sent our Messengers to his Maiestie at that time being at Smolensko viz. Michael Salticoue and others requesting that his Maiestie would grant vs his Sonne to be our Lord. How they were dispatched away and what answere they brought from his Maiestie with conditions engrossed and signed with his hand and seale How that after the deposing of Suiskey the noble Lord Generall of the Kingdome comming into Moscouia concluded all the said businesses and treaties and confirmed them with the oath of himselfe and his fellow Souldiers And that they after that oath likewise made their oath for the same Then that for the greater defence of the said principall Citie from the Wors they sent Souldiers into the Citie and sent also their Messengers from the whole Countrie Fidareta the Metropolitan and Vasili Galichin with others vnto the Kings Maiestie and required an oath in his Maiesties behalfe of all the seuerall Prouinces How that his Maiesties Souldiers dwelled and behaued themselues in this capitall Citie of Mosco before the troubles began without iniuring any man punishing the euill according to their deserts How the Boiarins handled other Gentlemen and principall persons of the Russe Religion although more inclined vnto them but especially the Officers and Seruants of the Wors as also such as had fled ouer It followeth how they often sent word vnto the Citie of Smolensko and willed them to deliuer vp the Citie vnto his Maiestie to bee vnder his prosperous gouernment and power As for the secret plots of their Messengers Galechin and others they said they were ignorant as also of some vnknowne practises handled with the Wor called Halusin But they said that they had written very often to the Citie of Smolensko and commanded them to doe whatsoeuer stood with his Maiesties pleasure and liked him without further effusion of bloud How also it befell in the chiefe Citie to Lepun and Saâ—usky and the other Rebels when they violated their fidelitie That they certified his Maiesties Souldiers thereof and that they with them did rise against the Rebels and that euen to this present they doe keepe and will keepe their oath once made and their due obedience vnto their Lord. And in that Lepun was punished of God for his treacherie and departed this life with so shamefull a death wee thinke it to bee for the good example of others to reduce them into their former estate to reuoke others vnto their
they blessed the annointed King and sprinkled him foure times with a certaine holy water that was made at the time of consecration of the God made of dowe or paste with a sprinkle made of bowes of Cane leaues Cedar and Willow leaues Then they put vpon his head cloth painted with the bones and souls of dead men and next they cloathed him with a blacke garment vpon that another blew and both were painted with the figures of dead mens sculs and bones Then they put about his necke certaine laces whereat did hang the armes of the Crowne And behinde his back they did hang certain little bottels full of powders by vertue wherof he was deliuered from pestilence and diseases according to their opinion yea and thereby Witches nor Witchcrafts could not hurt him nor yet euill men deceiue him In fine with those relicks he was sure from all perill and danger Vpon his left arme they bound a little bagge of Incense and then brought vnto him a chaffing-dish of imbers made of the barke of an Oke tree Then the King arose and with his owne hand threw of the same Incense into the chaffing-dish and with great reuerence brought the same to the god Vitzilopuchtli and after he had smoaked him therewith he sat him downe then came the high Priest and tooke his oath to maintaine the religion of the gods to keepe also all the lawes and customes of his predecessours to maintaine iustice and not to aggrauate any of his vassals or subiects and that he should be valiant in the warres that he should cause the Sunne to giue his light the clouds to yeelde raine the riuers to runne and the earth to bring forth all kinde of graine fruites and other needefull hearbs and trees These and many other impossible things the new King did sweare to performe and then he gaue thankes to the high Priest and commended himselfe to the gods and to the lookers on and they who brought him vp in the same order carrieth him downe againe Then all the people cried the Gods preserue the new King and that he may raigne many yeares in health with all his people But then some began to dance other to play on their instruments shewing outwardly their inward ioyes of heart And before the King came to the foote of the steps all the Noblemen came to yeelde their obedience and in token of louing and faithfull subiects they presented vnto him Feathers strings of Snaile-shels Collers and other Iewels of Gold and Siluer also Mantels painted with death and bare him company vnto a great hall within the compasse of the Temple and there left him The King sitteth downe vnder his cloath of estate called Tlacatecco and in foure dayes departeth not out of the circuit of the Temple the which hee spends in prayers sacrifice and penance he eates then but once a day and euery day he bathes himselfe and againe in the night in a great pond of water and then lets himselfe bloud in his eares and senseth therewith the god of water called Tlaloc he likewise senseth the other Idols vnto whom he offereth Bread Flowers Papers and little Canes died in the bloud of his owne tongue nose hands and other parts of his body After the foure dayes expired then come all the Noblemen to beare him company to his Pallace with great triumph and pleasure of all the Citie but after his consecration few or none dare looke him in the face And now with the declaration of the Acts and Ceremonies that the Mexican Kings are crowned I shall not neede to rehearse of other Kings for generally they all doe vse the same order sauing that other Princes goe not vp to the top of the Temple but abide at the foote of the steps to be crowned and after their Coronation they come to Mexico for their confirmation and then at their returne to their Countrey they made many drunken feasts and banquets The Mexicans did beleeue that the Soule was immortall and that they receiued either ioy or paine according to their deserts and liuing in this world vnto which opinion all their religion did attaine and chiefly appeare at their burials They held for an assured faith that there were nine places appointed for soules and the chiefest place of glory to be neere vnto the Sunne where the soules of those which were good men slaine in the warres and those which were sacrificed were placed and that all other sorts of euill persons their soules abode on the earth and were deuided after this sort children that were dead borne went to one place those which died of age or other disease went to another those which died of sudden death to another those which died of wounds or contagious diseases went to another place those which were drowned went to another those which were put to death for offence by order of Iustice as for robbery and adultery to another Those which slew their Fathers Mothers Wiues or Children to another place by themselues also those who slew their Masters or any religious person went to another place The common sort of people were buried but Lords and rich men had their bodies burned and their ashes buried In their shrowdes they had a great difference for many dead bodies were buried better apparelled then when they were on liue Women were shrowded after another sort And hee that suffered death for adultery was shrowded like vnto the God of lecherie called Tlazoulteutl he that was drowned like vnto the god of water named Tlacoc and he that died with drunkennesse was shrowded like vnto the god of wine called Ometochtli But the Souldier had an honorable shrowde like vnto the attire of Vitzilopuchtli and the like order in all other sorts of deaths When any King of Mexico happened to fall sicke they vsed forthwith to put a visor vpon the face of Tezcatlipaca or Vitzilopuchtli or some other Idoll which Visor was not taken away vntill they saw whether the King did amend or else dye But if he chanced to dye then word was sent throughout all his Dominions to bewaile his death and also other postes were sent is call the Noblemen that were his nighest kinsmen and to warne them within foure daies to come vnto his buriall The dead body was laid vpon a faire Mat and was watched foure nights with great lamentation and mourning then the body was washed and a locke of haire cut from the crowne of his head which was preserued as a great relicke saying that therein remained the remembrance of his soule This done a fine Emerald was put in his mouth and his body shrowded in seuenteene rich Mantels of colours both rich and costly wrought Vpon the vpper Mantle was set the deuise or armes of Vitzilopuchtli or Tezcalipuca or some other Idoll in whom the King had great confidence in his life time and in his Temple should the body be buried Vpon his face they put a visor painted with foule and Deuillish
huntings Court and Counsell His Citie Cambalu and glorious Palace pag. 81. § 6. The Cans prouisions for Embassadours and for Posts against Dearth for High-wayes for the Poore in Cambalu for Astrologers Tartars Wine Fuell Religion Opinions Behauiour Court-neatnesse Polos proceeding from Cambalu westward Of Pulisangan Gouza Tainfu Pianfu Thaigin Cacianfu Quenzaufu Sindinfu Thebeth Caindu Caraian Carachan Cardandan and Vociam pag. 87. § 7. Of the Prouince of Mien and Bengala how they were conquered to the Can Of Cangigu Amu Tholoman Cintigui and some other parts of Cataio And of the Conquest of Mangi pag. 93. § 8. Of the Cities of Mangi now called China and the rarities thereof the many wonders of Quinsai the Palaces Pleasures Rites and Gouernment obserued by the Natiues and the Tartars pag. 96. § 9. The ships of India described the I le of Zipangu the Sea Chin and World of Ilands the two Iauas Zeilan and other Ilands with the rarities therein pag. 102. § 10. Of the firme Land of the Creater India pag. 104 CHAP. V. The Historie of Ayton or Anthonie the Armenian of Asia and specially touching the Tartars H. P pag. 108. § 1. Of the Kingdome of Cathay and diuers other Prouinces of Asia and of the first habitation of the Tartars and of Cangius or Cingis his beginnings ibid. § 2. Of Changius Can his second vision and conquests Of Hoccoâ—â— and his three sonnes expeditions of Gino Can of Mangu Can who was visited by the King of Armenia and â—aptâ—â—ed of the expedition of his brother Haloon pag. 112. § 3. Of Coâ—na Can the fift Emperour of the Tartarâ—ans Of the warre with Barcha and Tartarian quarrell with the Christians Haolaons death Acts of the Solâ—an of Egypt Of Abaya and other sonnes and successours of Haloon pag. 117. § 4. Of Argon the sonne of Abaga and 〈◊〉 his brother of Baâ—do and of the exploits of Casan against the Soldan of Egypt and others pag. 120. § 5. Casan dyeth Carbanda succeedeth his Apostasiâ— The Authors entrance into a Religious habit Of Tamor Can the sixt Emperour and of Chapar Hochtaâ— and Carbanda three other Tartarian Kings pag. 125. CHAP. VI. Trauels and Memorials of Sir Iohn Mandeuile pag. 128. CHAP. VII The Voyage of Nicolo di Conti a Venetian to the Indies Mangi Cambalu and Quinsai with some obseruations of those places pag. 158. CHAP. VIII Extracts of Alhacen his Arabike Historie of Tamerian touching his Martiall trauels done into French by Iean de Bec Abbat of Mortimer pag. 160. § 1. Tamerlans birth and person his Expedition against the Muscouite his marriage with the Cans daughter his ouer-throwing of Calix ibid. § 2. Cataio Cambalu Tamerlans Expedition into China entring the Wall conquering the King and disposing of the Countrey and returne to Cataio pag. 14◠§ 3. The differences betwixt Tamerian and Baiazet the Turke his returne to Samarcand and Expedition against Baiazet the battell and victorie his Caging of Baiazet and making him his foot-stoole pag. 155. § 4. Encrease of Samarcand Affaires of China Funerals of the Can comming to Quinza and description thereof His disposition of his estate and death pag. 160. CHAP. IX Reports of Chaggi Memet a Persian of Tabas in the Prouince of Châ—â—an touching his trauels and obseruations in the Countrey of the Great Can vnto M. G. Baptista Ramuâ—ic pag. 164. CHAP. X. A Treatise of China and the adioyning Regions written by Gaspar da Cruz a Dominicanâ—riar â—riar and dedicated to Sebastian King of Portugall here abbreuiated H. P. pag. 166. Of Camboia and the Bramenes there the cause of his going to China Of China and the neighbouring Regions ibid. § 2. Cantan described the publike and priuate buildings and gouernment The shipping and husbandrie of China their contempt of the idle and prouision for impotent poore pag. 170. § 3. Of their mechaâ—ix all Trades Merchandises and Moneyes their prouisions of flesh and fish the Persons and attyre of Men and Women their Feasts pag. 176. § 4. Of their Loâ—thias Mandarines or Magistrates their creation priuiledges maintenance of Prisons and Tortures of the King and of Embassadours pag. 183. § 5. Of the Portugall commerce with the Chinois of the seuere Iustice executed vpon certaine Magistrates for wrongs done to the Portugals pag. 190. § 6. Of the Religion in China difficultie of bringing in Christianitie Terrible Earth-quakes and Tempests in China pag. 195. CHAP. XI The relation of Galeotto Perera a Gentleman men of good credit that lay prisoner in China pag. 199. The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs in the second Booke of the Second part of Purchas his PILGRIMS CHAP. I. THe beginning of English Discoueries towards the North and North-east by Sir Hugh Willoughby Richard Chancellor and others of the Muscouie Trade as also Voyages by Russia ouer the Caspian Sea and thorow diuers Regions of Tartaria pag. 211. § 1. The first voyage for discouerie with three ships set forth vnder the charge of Sir Hugh Willoughby Knight in which he dyed and Muscouia was discouered by Captaine Chancellor ibid. Some additions for better knowledge of this Voyage taken by Clement Adams Schoole-master to the Queenes Henshmen from the mouth of Captaine Chancellor pag. 218. The Copie of the Duke of Moscouie and Emperour of Russia his Letters sent to King Edward the Sixth by the hands of Richard Chancellor pag. 221. § 2. The first voyage made by Master Anthonie Ienkinson from the Citie of London toward the Land of Russia begun the twelfth of May in the yeere 1557. pag. 222. § 3. Notes taken out of another mans Relation of the same voyage touching the Russian Rites pag. 226. § 4. The voyage of Master Anthony Ienkinson made from the Citie of Mosco in Russia to the Citie of Boghar in Bactria in the yeere 1558. written by himselfe to the Merchants of London of the Moscouie Companie pag. 231. § 5. Aduertisements and reports of the sixt voyage into the parts of Persia and Media gathered out of sundrie Letters written by Christopher Borough and more especially a voyage ouer the Caspian Sea and their shipwracke and miseries there endured by the Ice pag. 243. A Letter of Master Henrie Lane to the worshipfull Master William Sanderson contayning a briefe discourse of that which passed in the North-east discouerie for the space of three and thirtie yeeres pag. 249. CHAP. II. Obseruations of China Tartaria and other Easterne parts of the World taken out of Fernam Mendez Pinto his Peregrination pag. 2â—2 § 1. Mendez his many miserable aduentures his strange Expedition with Antonio de Faria diuers Coasts visited Pirats tamed miseries sâ—ffered glorie recouered pag. 252. § 2. Antonio Faria his taking of Nouda a Citie in China triumph at Liampoo strange voyage to Calempluy miserable shipwrack pag. 258 § 3. Their shipwrack in which Faria and most of them were drowned the miserable wandrings of the rest to Nanquin their imprisonment sentence and appeale to Pequin rarities obserued in those places and wayes of the
beginnings of the China Kingdome and of their admirable Wall pag. 263. § 4. Mindo Salt pits Mines of Coretumbaga Copper-workes Idolatrie and Christianitie China Trades and Riuer Faires their comming to Pequin triall and sentence Rarities of Pequin pag. 269. § 5. Foure buildings incredibly admirable in Pequin and diuers of their superstitions their Hispitals and prouisions for the Poore The Kings reuenues and Court their Sects pag. 273. § 6. Their remooue to Quansie quarrels miseries Tartarian huge Armie and losse at the siege of Pequim reported Quansie taken and Nixianco Mendez his exploit Their entertainment by the Tartar King and going to Cauchinchina with his Embassadours with many Tartarian obseruations pag. 277. CHAP. III. Spanish plantation of the Philippinas and what entercourse hath thence hapned betwixt them and the Chinois pag. 282. § 1. First discouerie of the Philippinas written by Friar Iuan Gonzales de Mendoza ibid. § 2. First plantation of the Philippinas by Michael Lopez de Legaspi pag. 284. § 3. Of Limahon a China Robber and Rouer by whose occasion the Spaniards sent into China pag. 286. § 4. Friar Martin de Herrada and other Spaniards entertainment in China and their returne to the Philippinas pag. 292. Two Letters taken out of Bartolome Leonardo de Argensola his Treatise called Conquista de las Islas Malucas printed at Madrid 1609. pag. 336 337. mentioning the comming of two English ships to China which seeme to be two ships of the fleet of Beniamin Wood The former written by the Visitor of Chincheo in China vnto the Gouernour of the Philippinas Don Pedro de Acunna H. P. pag. 309. The Answere of Don Pedro de Acunna Gouernour of the Philippinas to the Visitor of Chincheo in China pag. 310. CHAP. IIII. The report of a Mahometan Merchant which had beene in Cambalu and the troublesome trauell of Benedictus Goes a Portugall Iesuite from Lahor to China by land thorow the Tartars Countries pag. 310. CHAP. V. A generall collection and historicall representation of the Iesuites entrance into Iapon and China vntill their admission in the Royall Citie of Nanquin pag. 316. § 1. Of Francis Xauier Melchior Nunnes Valignanus Ruggerius and Pasius ibid. § 2. Iaponian Embassage to the Pope Of Nabunanga and Quabacondono their gouernment Corai inuaded Embassage from China Taicosamas Temple and Ogoshosamas succession pag. 322. § 3. Ruggerius enters againe into China with Ricius and is forced backe to Amacao thence sent for againe by the Vice-roy Sande and Almeida are sent to them and enter the Countrey as farre as Cequion and returne to Sciauchin pag. 327. § 4. False brethren and others accusations detected they are expelled Sciauchin erect a Seat at Xauceum Monasterie of Nanhoa and other things of note in those parts They alter their habit Voyage to Nanquin the Lake Riuers Idols and other rarities pag. 332. § 5. Nanquin described Ricius expelled thence he setleth at Nancian thence goeth to Nanquin againe and to Pequin description of it the way thither the Kings Palace and of Suceu and Hamceu pag. 338. § 6. Letters from Father Longobard and Taiso Ricius his entertainment at Nanquin and residence there The Chinois vnlearned learning pag. 343. CHAP. VI. A Letter of Father Diego de Pantoia one of the Companie of IESVS to Father Luys de Guzman Prouinciall in the Prouince of Toledo written in Paquin which is the Court of the King of China the ninth of March the yeere 1602. H. P. pag. 350. § 1. Difficulties of entring China their dwelling at Nanquin going from thence to Paquin with Presents for the King troubles in the way by an Eunuch pag. 350. § 2. The King sends for them is delighted with their Clocks and Pictures they are shut vp after take a House are admired for learning Christianitie of China pag. 356. § 3. The description of the Kingdome of China of Catay and Musk the diuision into Prouinces Cities and Townes described Riuer Shipping Commodities Diet and feeding pag. 360. § 4. Their moneyes apparell persons trades wealth learning marriages superstitions rites and opinions pag. 366. § 5. Their bad Souldierie and Artillerie Degrees priuiledges honours and promotions of learning Their Authors and Bookes and Printing The Mandarins commended pag. 369. § 6. Of the gouernment of China Of the Mandarins the China complements and manifold nicities pag. 372. § 7. Of their Women Of the Tartars Conquest acts and expulsion The greatnesse of the King and neighbouring States Of the Queenes Eunuchs pag. 375. CHAP. VII A discourse of the Kingdome of China taken out of Ricius and Trigautius contayning the countrey people gouernment religion rites sects characters studies arts acts and a Map of China added drawne out of one there made with Annotations for the vnderstanding thereof pag. 380. § 1. Of the name scite and greatnesse the Tributaries commoditie arts printing seales inke pencill-pennes and fannes ibid. § 2. Of their Characters and writing downeward their studies Ethikes Astrologie Physike authentike Authors Degrees how taken both Philosophicall and Militarie pag. 384. § 3. Of the Tartarian conquest Of Humuâ— the Establisher of the present gouernment The Reuenues Magistrates in the Courts Royall Prouinces Cities Orders Exaltations Visitations Depriuations pag. 387. § 4. Their manifold rites in Salutations Entertainments and other ciuilitie to the King and Magistrates Of Burials and Marriages Birth-dayes their Men Women Names and Games Habites pag. 391. § 5. Of their Superstitions Cruelties feares of Magistrates of the Kings kindred of Strangers and Souldiers Their Deities and three Sects Priests Nunnes Monasteries Legends Lyes pag. 395. § 6. Of strangers and forraine Religions in China pag. 399. § 7. The Map of China taken out of a China Map printed with China Characters illustrated with Notes for the vnderstanding thereof pag. 401. CHAP. VIII A continuation of the Iesuites Acts and obseruations in China till Ricius his death and some yeers after Of Hanceu or Quinsay An Extract of Monfaâ—ts trauell pag. 405. The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs in the third Booke of the first part of Purchas his PILGRIMS CHAP. I. A Treatise of Russia and the adioyning Regions written by Doctor Giles Fletcher Lord Ambassadour from the late Queene Euer-glorious Elizabeth to Theodore then Emperour of Russia A. D. 1588. pag. 413. CHAP. II. A briefe discouerie of the Northerne discoueries of Seas Coasts and Countries deliuered in order as they were hopefully begun and haue euer since happily beene continued by the singular industrie and charge of the Worshipfull Societie of Muscouia Merchants of London with the ten seuerall Voyages of Captaine Thomas Edge the Authour pag. 462. § 1. Greenland first discouered by Sir Hugh Willoughby the Voyages of Frobisher Pet and Iackman Dauis the Dutch First Morse and Whale-killing with further discoueries ibid. § 2. Dutch Spanish Danish disturbance also by Hull men and by a new Patent with the succeeding successe and further discoueries till this present pag. 466. § 3. The description of the
of their Iewels and seeing they pleased him freely bestowed them on him He loth to be exceeded in liberalitie caused twice the value to bee giuen them and besides great and rich gifts Hauing stayed one yeare in the Countrey of the said Prince whiles they thought to returne to Venice there suddenly arose Warre betwixt the said Barcha and another named Alau Lord of the Easterne Tartars These Armies fighting together Alau had the Victorie and the Armie of Barcha receiued a great ouerthrow By reason whereof the wayes beeing not secure they were not able to returne that way which they came And hauing consulted how to returne to Constantinople they were aduised to goe so farre to the East that they might compasse the Realme of Barcha by vnknowne wayes and so they came to a Citie called Ouchacha which is in the Confines of the Kingdome of this Lord of the Tartars on the West and passing further they went ouer Tigris one of the foure Riuers of Paradise and after that a Desart of seuenteene dayes Iourney without Citie Castle or Fort finding only Tartars which liue in the fields in certayne Tents with their beasts Beeing past the Desart they came to a good Citie called Bocara the name also of the Prouince in the Region of Persia which was subiect to a King called Barach in which place they stayed three yeares before they could goe forward or backward by reason of great warres betwixt the Tartars At that time a certayne Wiseman was sent Ambassador from the said Prince Alau to the Great Can who is the greatest King of all the Tartars residing in the Confines of the Earth betwixt the North-east and the East called Cublai Can who being comne to Bocara and finding there the said two brethren which had now well learned the Tartarian Language he reioyced aboue measure and perswadeth these Westerne men or Latines to goe with him to the presence of the Great Emperour of the Tartars knowing that hee should gratifie him in this and the men notwithstanding should be entertayned with great honour and rewarded with large gifts especially seeing through the manifold conference had with them he now perceiued their pleasing behauiour Those men therefore considering that they could not easily returne home without danger consulting together ioyne with the said Ambassadour and iourney with him to the Emperour of the Tartars hauing certayne other Christians in their Company whom they brought with them from Venice and departing towards the North-east and the North were a whole yeare in going to the Court of the said chiefe King of the Tartars The cause of their long time in this Iourney was the Snowes and Riuer Waters much increased so that they were forced in their trauell to stay the wasting of the Snow and decreasing of the flouds Being therefore brought before the presence of the Great Can they were most courteously receiued of him He questioned them concerning many things as of the Countries of the West the Romane Emperour and other Kings and Princes how they carried themselues in Gouernment and in Warlike affaires how Peace Iustice and Concord continued among them also what manner of life and customes were obserued with the Latines and especially of the Pope of the Christians of the things of the Church and the Religion of the Christian Faith And M. Nicolo and M. Maffeo as Wisemen told him the truth alway speaking well to him and orderly in the Tartarian Tongue Insomuch that hee often commanded they should bee brought to his presence and they were very acceptable in his sight Hauing well vnderstood the Affaires of the Latines and resting satisfied with their answers the Great Can intending to send them his Ambassadours to the Pope first consulted with his Barons and then calling to him the two Brethren desired them for his loue to goe to the Pope of the Romans with one of his Barons called Chogatall to pray him to send an hundred Wisemen and learned in the Christian Religion vnto him who might shew his Wisemen that the Faith of the Christians was to bee preferred before all other Sects and was the only way of saluation and that the Gods of the Tartars were Deuils and that they and others the people of the East were deceiued in the worship of their Gods Hee gaue them also in charge to bring in their returne from Ierusalem of the Oyle of the Lampe which burneth before the Sepulchre of our Lord Iesus Christ to whom hee had great deuotion and held him to bee true God They therefore yeelding due reuerence to the Great Can promise that they will faithfully execute the charge commited vnto them and present the Letters which they receiued from him written in the Tartarian to be deliuered to the Bishop of Rome He according to the custome of his Kingdome commanded a Golden Tablet to bee giuen them ingrauen and signed with the Kings marke carrying the which with them throughout his whole Empire in stead of a Passe-port they might bee euery-where safely conueyed through dangerous places by the Gouernours of Prouinces and Cities and receiue expenses from them and lastly how long soeuer they would stay in any place whatsoeuer they needed to them or theirs should be ministred vnto them Taking their leaue therefore of the Emperour they take their Iourney carrying the Letters and Golden Tablet with them And when they had rid twentie dayes Iourney the Baron aforesaid associated vnto them began to fall grieuously sicke Whereupon consulting and leauing him there they prosecute their intended Iourney beeing euery-where courteously receiued by reason of the Emperours Tablet Yet in very many places they were compelled to stay by occasion of the ouer-flowing of Riuers so that they spent three yeares before they came vnto the Port of the Citie of the Armenians named Giazza From Giazza they goe to Acre to wit in the yeere of our Lord 1269. in the moneth of Aprill But hauing entred into the Citie of Acre they heard that Pope Clement the fourth was lately dead and that no other was substituted in his place for the which they were not a little grieued At that time there was a certaine Legate of the Apostolicall Sea at Acre to wit Master Tibaldo de Vesconti di Piacenza to whom they declared all they had in commission from the Great Can and he aduised them to expect the Creation of a new Pope In the meane space therefore departing to Venice to visit their Friends purposing to remayne there vntill another Pope were created Master Nicolo found that his wife was dead whom at his departure hee had left great with child but had left a sonne named Marco who was now nineteene yeeres of age This is that Marco which ordayned this Booke who will manifest therein all those things which he hath seene Moreouer the Election of the Pope of Rome was deferred two yeeres They fearing the discontentment and disquieting of the Emperour of the Tartars who they knew expected
When Haloon vnderstood how the Soldan of Egypt had inuaded Syria and driuen thence his people he gathered his Armie and sent to the King of Armenia and to the King of Georgia and the other Christians of the East to prepare themselues against the Soldan of Egypt and the Saracens and when his Armie was in readinesse a sicknesse seized him of which he languished the space of a fortnight and then dyed by whose death the enterprize of the Holy Land had an end Abaga his Sonne held the Dominion of his Father who intreated the Emperour Cobila Can being his Vncle to confirme him therein to which he willingly accorded So he was called Abaga Can and began to reigne in the yeare of our Lord 1264. 32. Abaga was wise and gouerned prosperously in all things two only excepted one that he would not be a Christian as his Father had beene but worshipped Idols beleeuing the Idolatrous Priests The other that he was alwayes in warres with his Neighbours by reason wherof the Soldan was long in quiet and the power of the Saracens much increased Those Tartars or rather Turks which could escape from out the Dominion of the Tartars fled vnto the Soldan seeking to auoid the heauie burthens which the Tartars imposed on them And the Soldan dealt politikely for he sent Messengers by Sea to the Tartars in the Kingdomes of Cumania and Russia and made composition and agreement with them that whensoeuer Abaga should mooue warre against the Land of Egypt then they should inuade his Countrey for which he promised them great gifts by meanes whereof Abaga could not well inuade the Land of Egypt but the Soldan could easily without resistance inuade the Christians in the parts of Syria insomuch that the Christians lost the Citie of Antioch and diuers other places of strength which they held in that Kingdome 33. Moreouer Bendecar the Soldan of Egypt was so fortunate that he much abased the Kingdome of Armenia For it hapned that the King of Armenia with many of his men was gone to the Tartars which the Soldan hearing sent a Captayne of his to inuade the Kingdome of Armenia The Sonnes of the King of Armenia gathering together all that could beare Armes encountred the Egyptians in the Confines of their Kingdome and resisted them couragiously but the Armie of the Armenians being ouerthrowne one of the Kings Sonnes was taken and the other was slaine in battaile So that the Saracens thereby wasted and spoyled all the Kingdome of Armenia and carryed infinite riches thence to the great damage of the Christians whereby the Enemies power was much encreased and the Kingdome of Armenia wondrously weakned The King whose endeauour was wholly bent about the destruction of the Infidels hauing heard this most vnhappie newes of his owne Countrey busied his thoughts night and day how to afflict the Saracens and oft-times very earnestly dealt with Abaga and his Tartars to attempt the ouerthrow of faithlesse Mahomet and the reliefe of the Christians But Abaga excused himselfe by reason of the warres in which he was daily entangled with his Neighbours The King of Armenia seeing that hee could not haue any present ayde of the Tartarians sent and made truce by his Messengers with the Soldan of Egypt that he might redeeme his Sonne which was Prisoner The Soldan also promised him that if he restored him a friend of his called Angoldscar whom the Tartars held captiue and yeelded vp the Castle Tempsach and some holds of the Citie of Halappi which he had gotten in the time of Haoloon hee would set his Sonne at libertie Whereupon the Soldan hauing receiued his friend and the Castle of Tempsacke beeing yeelded and two other Castles throwne downe at his appointment deliuered his Sonne out of Prison and restored him accordingly Then afterwards King Haython of famous memorie hauing reigned fortie fiue yeares and done much good to the Christians yeelded vp his Kingdome and Dominion to his Sonne Liuon whom he had deliuered out of captiuitie and renouncing this Kingdom of the World became professed in Religion and was called Macharius changing his name according to the custome of the Armenians when they enter into Religion and in short time after dyed in peace in the yeare of our Lord 1270. 34. This King of Armenia Liuone was wise and gouerned his Kingdom prouidently and being much beloued by his owne People and by the Tartars he laboured earnestly to destroy the Saracens so that in his time Abaga made peace with al his neighbors who of long time had been his enemies Then the Soldan of Egypt entred the Kingdome of Turkie and slue many of the Tartars and draue them out of many Townes For a Saracen called Paruana being Captaine ouer the Tartars that were in Turkie rebelled against Abaga and sought the destruction of the Tartarians Abaga hearing thereof posted thither so speedily that in fifteene dayes hee rode fortie dayes iourney The Soldan hearing of his comming departed suddenly not daring to make any longer abode Yet could not so speedily withdraw himselfe but that the Tartars following swiftly ouertooke the rereward of his Armie in the entrie of the Kingdome of Egypt in a place called Pasblanke There the Tartarians rushing on them tooke two thousand Horsemen of the Saracens beside much riches and fiue thousand of the Cordines which liued in that Countrie Abaga being come to the Confines of Egypt was perswaded to goe no farther for heat for that Land is very hote and his Tartars and their beasts hauing come speedily from farre could hardly haue indured it by reason whereof hee returned into Turkie and spoiled and wasted all the Countries that had rebelled and yeelded to the Soldan But he caused the Traytor Paruana with his partakers to be cut asunder in the midst after the Tartarian manner and part of his flesh to be serued in all his meats whereof he and his Captaines did eat Such was the reuenge of King Abaga on the Traitor Paruana 35. Abaga hauing effected his desires in Turkie and enriched his Tartars with the spoyles of the rebellious Saracens he called to him the King of Armenia and offered him the kingdome of Turkie in regard that his father and hee had beene euer faithfull to the Tartarians But the King of Armenia being discreet and wise rendred great thankes to Abaga for so great a Present but excused himselfe from the accepting thereof as vnable to gouerne two Kingdomes For the Soldan of Egypt was in his full strength and earnestly bent against the Kingdome of Armenia so that hee had enough to doe to prouide for the defence thereof Yet aduised him to settle and dispose the Kingdome of Turkie in such sort ere his departure that there might bee no feare of Rebellion afterwards and in any case to permit no Saracen to command there Which aduice Abaga accepted of and neuer after suffered any Saracen to beare rule in that Countrey The king of Armenia then
Argon he caused his Brother to be slayne and intending the like to his Nephew he went against him with a mightie Armie Argon being not of strength to withstand his forces betooke himselfe to a strong Hold among the Mountaines which that Sonne of Iniquitie besieged with his deuillish Armie Argon finally yeelded himselfe with condition that he might still enioy his Dignitie and Dominion But Mahomet deliuered him to the Constable and others of the Nobilitie to bee kept in Prison And departing towards the Citie of Tauris where he left his wiues and children he gaue direction that his Armie should come softly after him but appointed the Constable and such as he trusted most to put his Nephew to death secretly and to bring him his head These things thus hastily ordered and directed there was amongst those that had receiued the command of that bloudy execution a man of some Place and Authoritie brought vp vnder Abaga the Father of Argon who hauing compassion of his distresse tooke Armes and in the night time slue the Constable of Mahomet and all his followers and deliuering Argon made him Lord and Ruler of all some for feare and others for loue being obedient to his will and commandement Argon being thus established accompanied with his faithfull followers pursued presently after Mahomet whom he ouertooke and seized on before he came to Tauris and caused him after their manner to be cut asunder in the midst And such was the end of that cursed Caitiffe Mahomet before he had sate two yeeres in his seat §. IIII. Of ARGON the Sonne of ABAGA and REGAITO his Brother of BAIDO and of the exploits of CASAN against the Soldan of Egypt and others IN the yeere of our Lord 1285. after the death of Mahumet Argon the sonne of Abaga Can would not take on him the title of Can vntill he had receiued commandement from the great Can Soueraigne Lord and Emperour to whom he dispatched Messengers which were honourably receiued and entertayned by the great Can who reioyced much of his successe against Mahomet and sent some of his great Officers to confirme Argon in his Dominion who was thenceforth called Can and much respected of all For he was of a goodly aspect and presence couragious and wise in his proceedings much regarding and honouring the Christians The Churches ouer-throwne by Mahomet he repayred The Kings of Armenia and Georgia with the other Christian Princes of the East came vnto him desiring his best counsaile and helpe that the holy Land might be freed from the Pagans Argon very graciously answered That he would gladly doe any thing that might tend to the honour of God and the aduancement of Christian Religion and that he intended to make peace with his Neighbours that hee might the more freely and securely follow that enterprise But Argon before the execution of these good designments dyed in the fourth yeere of his raigne And a Brother of his called Regaito succeeded him who was a man of small valour as shall be after declared 39. In the yeere of our Lord 1289. after the death of Argon Can his brother Regaito was his Successor being a man of no Religion in Armes he was of no valour but was altogether giuen ouer to beastly luxurie and satiating his insatiable appetite with superfluous meates and drinkes and did nothing else by the space of six yeeres which he raigned insomuch that being hated of his subiects and contemned of strangers he was finally strangled by his Peeres After whose death Baydo a Kinsman of his succeeded him who was vpright and constant in Religion and did many fauours to the Christians but he soone ended his dayes as shall be declared 40. In the yeere of our Lord 1295. after the death of Regaito his Kinsman Baydo ruled ouer the Tartars He being a good Christian builded the Christian Churches and commanded that none should Preach or publish the Doctrine of Mahomet amongst the Tartarians But because those of the Sect of Mahomet were many they could hardly be induced to bee obedient to that commandement of Baydo and therefore sent Messengers secretly to Casan the sonne of Argono promising to giue him the Dominion which Baydo held and to make him their Lord and Ruler if he would renounce the Christian Religion Casan caring little for Religion but greatly affecting Dominion promised to doe whatsoeuer they would and so began an open rebellion wherevpon Baydo assembled his people thinking to haue taken Casan not knowing of the Treason which his people had wrought against him But when they came to the Field all the Mahometists leauing Baydo fled vnto Casan so that Baydo being forsaken thought to haue escaped by flight yet was pursued and slaine by his Enemies 41. After the death of Baydo Casan being made Ruler ouer the Tartars at the beginning of his raigne durst not gainsay what hee had promised the Mahometists that had promoted him thereto and therefore shewed himselfe for a while very austere to the Christians But when hee found himselfe well and firmely settled in his Dominion hee began to honour and cherish the Christians doing them many fauours as shall be declared First therefore hee destroyed many great Ones who had beene perswaders with him to become a Saracen and to persecute the Christians Then hee commanded all the Tartars within his Dominion to bee readie with their Armour and all necessarie furniture to attend him for a Conquest of the Kingdome of Egypt and ouer-throw of the Soldan and sent to the King of Armenia and the King of Georgia and other Christian Princes of the East in that behalfe At the beginning of the Spring Casan gathered his forces and first set forward towards Baldach and at length turned towards the Land of Egypt The Soldan called Melechnaser who had long before some intelligence of the comming of the Tartars assembled all his power and came before the Citie of Aman which is seated in the middest of the Kingdome of Syria Casan vnderstanding that the Soldan meant to giue him battaile forbore to besiege any Citie or Castle but hasted speedily to the place where the Soldan was and pitched his Tents but one dayes iourney from him in certaine Meadowes where was plentie of forrage and feeding where he rested his Followers and their Horses which were wearied with their trauell Amongst whom was a Saracen called Calphack or Capchick who had serued the Soldan and was fled from him to Casan for feare of imprisonment and punishments for his misse-demerits This Calphack had receiued sundrie fauours and rewards of Casan who reposed great confidence in him yet like a wicked Traytor he disclosed the counsaile and purpose of Casan to the Soldan and Saracens acquainting them by Letters how Casan meant to abide in those Meadowes vntill they had sufficiently rested their Horses which were wondrously wearied and therefore counsailed the Soldan to set vpon him before his Horses were refreshed
were either taken or slaine albeit they thought in their Pride they could haue ouer-runne the whole Kingdome of Armenia and deuoure all â—he Christians there at a morsell This was performed on the Lords Day being the eighteenth of Iuly after which conflict the Saracens durst no more enter into the Kingdome of Armenia But the Soldan sent to the King of Armenia to make truce with him which was agreed betweene them 46. I Frier Haython hauing beene present at all the said proceedings had purposed long before to haue taken a Regular Habit vpon me and to haue entred into Religion But by reason of many impediments and difficulties in the Affaires of the Kingdome of Armenia I could not with my honour forsake my friends and kindred in such extremities But seeing that Gods goodnesse had beene so gracious vnto me as to leaue the Kingdome of Armenia and the Christian people there after my manifold labours and trauels in quiet and peaceable estate I then tooke the time to performe that Vow which before I had vowed Therefore hauing taken my leaue of my Lord the King and of the rest of my kindred and friends euen in that field where God gaue the Christians Victorie ouer their Enemies I beganne my Iourney and comming to Cyprus in the Monasterie of Episcopia tooke a Regular Habit of the Order Premonstratensis to the end that hauing serued the World as a Souldier in my youth I might spend the rest of my life in the Seruice of God forsaking the pompe of this World which was in the yeere of our Lord 1305. Therefore I render thankes vnto God that the Kingdome of Armenia is at this day in a good and peaceable estate and well reformed by the Moderne King Liueno Sonne to King Haython who is a Looking-glasse or patterne to all other Kings in all kinde of eminent vertue Moreouer the Compiler of this Worke affirmeth that he hath come three manner of wayes to the knowledge of those things which hee declareth and writeth in this Booke For from the beginning of Changius Can who was the first Emperour of the Tartars vntill Mango Can who was their fourth Emperour I faithfully deliuer what I gathered out of the Histories of the Tartarians But from Mango Can to the death of Haloon I write that which I receiued of an Vncle of mine who writ the same by the commandement of Haiton King of Armenia and was present then at all the foresaid occurrences and with great diligence did often discourse make rehearsall of them to his Sonnes and Nephewes that they might remayne the better to Posteritie and from the beginning of Abaga Can to the end of this third part of this Booke the Author relateth those things which hee knew of himselfe as hauing beene present at them aâ—l whereby he is enabled to giue testimonie of the truth Now albeit we haue hitherto treated of the Histories and Deeds of the Tartarians there remayneth yet somewhat to be said concerning their Power and Dominion especially of those that are now liuing that it may the better bee knowne 47. The great Emperor of the Tartars which now holdeth the Empire is called Tamor Can being their sixt Emperour who keepeth his Residence in the Kingdome of Cathay in a very great City called Iong which his Father caused to be built as is aboue declared his power is very great For this Emperour alone is able to doe more then all the Tartarian Princes together and the Nations vnder his gouernment are reputed more noble and rich and better stored of all necessaries because that in the Kingdome of Cathay in which they now liue there is great abundance of riches Besides this great Emperour there are three other great Kings or Princes of the Tartars which rule each of them ouer many Nations yet are they all subiect to the Emperour and acknowledge him their naturall and Leige Lord. And the differences which happen betweene them are decided in the Emperours Court and determined by his Iudgement The first of these Kings is called Chapar another Hochtay and the third Carbanda This Chapar hath his Dominion in the Kingdome of Turquestan being the neerest to the Emperour It is thought that he is able to bring into the field foure hundred thousand Horsemen and these are bold and good Warriours but not so well furnished of Horse and Armour as were expedient The Emperours subiects doe many times make warre vpon them and they on the other side doe often inuade the people of Carbanda The Dominion of this Chapar was in ancient time subiect for the greatest part to a Lord called Doay Hochtay keepeth his Seat of Residence in the Kingdome of Cumania in a Citie called Asaro or Sara and it is said that he is able to bring six hundred thousand Horsemen to the fight yet are they not so much commended in Feats of Armes as the men of Chapar albeit they haue better Horses These make warre sometimes on the Subiects of Carbanda sometimes against the Hungarians and sometimes amongst themselues But Hochtay who ruleth at this present holdeth his Dominion peaceably and quietly Carbanda hath his Dominion in the Kingdome of Asia the Great and maketh his chiefe abode in the Citie of Tauris beeing able to bring three hundred thousand Horsemen to the field But these are gathered out of diuers parts being rich and well furnished with necessaries Chapar and Hochtay doe sometimes make warre vpon Carbanda but hee neuer medleth first with them neither moueth warres against any but that he sometimes inuadeth the Soldan of Egypt against whom his Predecessors haue fought many Battailes Chapar and Hochtay would willingly take from Carbanda his Dominion if they were able to effect it The reason whereof is this Asia is diuided into two parts the one part whereof being called the Lower or Deepe Asia is inhabited by the Emperour and those two Kings called Chapar and Hochtay The other part being the higher is called Asia the Greater in which Carbanda inhabiteth and hath Dominion Now there are only three wayes by which men may passe out of the Deeper or Lower Asia vnto the high Countrey called Asia Maior The one is out of the Kingdome of Turquestan to the Kingdome of the Persians another way there is called Derbent which lyeth neere the Sea where Alexander built the Citie called the Iron Gate as in the Histories of Cumania appeares the other way is to goe ouer the Sea called Mare maius which way lyeth through the Kingdome of Barca By the first way the subiects of Chapar cannot passe to the Territories of Carbanda without great danger and difficultie because they should find no feeding for their Horses in many dayes trauailes the Land being so dry and barren that before they could come to any fruitfull inhabited Countrey their Horses would be starued or at least so faint and wearied that they might be easily ouercome and therefore that way they
them to winne for I assure my selfe that when they shall perceiue your Souldiers to bee passed they will lose their courage and you may easily winne the passage for to fauour those men of yours which shall bee passed ouer with mee And for to shew vnto you the affection and fidelitie of that I speake I will deliuer into your hands an onely Sonne I haue and two little Daughters with my Wife I haue also one Brother who I am assured will follow mee to doe you seruice The Prince hauing heard this Lord speake receiued great ioy thereof hoping that his affaires should happily succeede and this hee kept very secret for euen the Prince of Thanais knew not the meanes that this Lord had seeing there was onely present the Prince and an Interpreter and the Prince after hee had thus spoken vnto him gratifying him with all hee could possibly this Lord retyred himselfe accompanyed with the Prince of Thanais who conducted him backe againe with all the honour that might bee So the Emperour returned from thence into his quarter and the next day after hee had imparted the whole vnto Odmar and heard Calibes concerning that which hee had learned of the departing of the King of China and of his preparation which was great This enterprise seeming hard vnto him after due reuerence yeelded vnto the Prince hee spake vnto him in this manner Know my Lord that I am your Slaue for to obey you but seeing you require mee to giue you an account of all that I know of the estate of the Kingdome of China for that I haue remayned these six moneths vpon the borders by your commandement to hinder them from passing the same whereby they might hurt your enterprises I can affirme vnto you that the King of China who raigneth at this present is of great reputation and hath increased the limits of his Kingdome more then any of his Predecessors His strength consisteth in this Wall opposed against vs the which hee hath caused to bee made by reason of the ordinarie roades of our Nation I am of opinion that there bee betweene fiftie and threescore thousand men at the guard of that Wall men for the most part trayned vp in the Garrisons of the King of China and his best Souldiers and I know no good meanes to force this Wall without great hazard and much losse of your men I haue vnderstood that towards the Lake Hogeen you may finde more easie entrance into the Kingdome after euery one had declared his opinion hee said that hee hoped the great God the Vnitie of whom hee would maintayne against such Idolaters and his iust right should answere the reasons which doe contradict his purpose and the valiant arme of his Souldiers shall quite ouerthrow whatsoeuer opposeth it selfe against the same and concealed from his Souldiers that which hee held as assured to execute it to the end the honour of a happy conducting might be ascribed vnto him onely Now our Prince hauing satisfied euery one of the Kings and Lords that did accompany him hee appointed the meeting place for his Armie to bee at a certayne place where hee meant to choose fiftie thousand fighting men and deliuer them vnto the commandement of the Prince of Thanais vnto whom he ioyned the Lord Axalla a Genuois for that hee knew him to bee discreete for to accompanie him commanding him to giue credite vnto him for his experience and fidelitie The day appointed being come the Lord with his brother came to the Emperor hauing viewed the place againe and found it to bee forceable and fit to passe assuring the Prince once againe of the happy successe of their enterprise and the Prince beeing assembled with them to conferre together resolued in the end that his person with all the army should approach vnto the walles directly ouer against Quaguifou in which meane space the fiftie thousand men should march forwards vnto the place appointed and where they were assured to passe conducted by the Chinois Lord vnder the charge of the Prince of Thanais and Axalla The Emperour hauing not failed to deliuer vnto them the best souldiers of his armie and hauing set downe the order by them to bee obserued hee willed that the Lord Axalla should leade twentie thousand of them and should march the first the rest led by the Prince of Thanais and that euery one should haue one of those Lords to guide them that by their meanes the enterprise might bee more safely directed So hauing marched ten leagues they arriued at the passage the which was won not finding any man there to resist them and hauing taken a light repast they beganne to march forward other ten leagues which yet remained where the Chinois were who suspected no such thing hauing onely an eye vnto them which marched for to force their walles assuring themselues to haue the mastry considering their aduantage But it fell out much otherwise for euen at the very same time the Chinois did perceiue the Princes armie to approach vnto their wall as soone did they discry Axalla with twenty thousand men who aduanced forward being followed by the Prince of Thanais with thirtie thousand souldiers chosen out of the whole army who without any communication set vpon the Chinois which came presently vnto them hauing left a certaine number of their Campe for the guard of the wall but they were presently won by the footmen led this day by Odmar who passed ouer so as the Chinois were cut off betweene our Armies When Axalla began the battaile he ouerthrew them in a manner all the Prince of Thanais not hazarding himself therein there was great riches gotten this day the King of China his Cousin whom he called King was taken prisoner There was a great quantity of gold amongst them as well on their armes as on their horse and furniture they shewed no great stoutnesse The newes heereof being come vnto the King of China who at that present time was at Quantou brought vnto him great astonishment for that hee iudged it a thing that could not possibly come to passe you might haue seene euery one filled with fright teares and cries bewailing the losse of their friends The King gathering together souldiers from all parts as the custome is of these people caused all the Priestes and such as had the charge of holy things to come vnto him and after exhortations vsed he as their head commanded them to offer sacrifice vnto their Gods of whom the Sunne is the principall commanding in heauen whom they hold opinion to bee the chiefest cause of their being accounting it immortall and impassible mouing it selfe onely for the benefit of liuing creatures this did hee command to bee obserued through out all his Cities and the second thing was that euery one able to beare armes should mount on horsebacke and come vnto the King at Paguinfou whither hee doubted that we would go because it was one of the
joy that might be In the meane-time the Emperour after hee had prouided for the assurance of his new conquest he left Odmar there to gouerne them and gaue vnto him an estate of thirty thousand Horse and fifty thousand Foot-men to furnish all the Fortresses and strong places the Prince hauing led with him many of the new conquered people desiring to haue them for to dwell within his Countrey and to send other Colonies in their places to assure himselfe the better of the lightnesse of this people hauing noted them to bee inclined vnto Nouelties Hee gaue in charge vnto Odmar to make his principall abode at Quantoufou and to fortifie well the passage and also commanded a Fortresse to be made at Dermio the better to strengthen his Borders and after he had left him all things necessary he recommended vnto him the seruices of that Lord who had manifested vnto him his great affection The Emperour hauing well tryed his faithfulnesse in his Affaires as they fell out he carryed with him a Brother of his vnto whom he gaue great gifts within Sachetay Then we turned our faces straight vnto Cambalu hauing aduertized the Great Cham of the happy successe of our Affaires The Prince remayned in deed King of China holding in his possession two of the fairest and greatest Cities of all the whole Countrey hauing an hundred good leagues thereof vnto himselfe and many lesser Cities hauing extended his Borders vnto a Riuer by which he might goe vnto the Enemy but they could not come vnto him without passing ouer the same hauing good meanes to keepe it and with aduantage Now the Prince desired aboue all that the Idols which were within his Conquest should be beaten downe and commanded the worship of one God establishing the same after the forme of his owne Countrey for he made account that in short time all would bee reduced vnto our customes Our Army wherein was much sicknesse began to march and on the third day hauing newes of forces which came towards vs the Prince sent them a Commandement not to come any further forward and that they should march straight vnto Cambalu where the Prince did suppose to finde the Emperour his Vncle who had set forward towards that place to haue the good hap for to see him being determined to receiue him at Cambalu with magnificence and triumphs as hee well deserued Now I will declare by the way how Odmar being seuered from vs all the Princes fauour was turned vnto Axalla vnto whom hee committed the whole charge of his Armie insomuch as Axalla although he was alwaies in great reputation notwithstanding the same was much encreased by the Prince at Quantoufou where the Prince did trust him with the Armie in so weighty an enterprise as that was and the which he so gloriously atchieued likewise the manner of entring into the Kingdome of China the intelligences hee had so as the report of his valour did flie throughout all the Empire Calibes led the Auant-guard and Axalla was in the battell neere vnto the Emperour who gaue him the chiefest place bestowing vpon him two hundred thousand crownes yeerely for to maintayne his ordinary expences After certaine dayes iourney wee receiued newes of the Emperours arriuall at Cambalu the Prince hauing left his Armie in a faire Countrey for to winter where he dismissing many of our Souldiers wee arriued within foure leagues of Cambalu whither all the Princes of the Emperours Court came for to receiue him together with all the principall Inhabitants for to gratifie our Prince for his happie Voyage The Prince hauing receiued euery one according to his wonted curtesie retayning notwithstanding conuenient Maiestie hee was beheld to the great contentment of all his Subiects Hee had with him the Empresse his wife who had not left him in his Voyage The next day the Emperour did him so much honour as to come and meet him with all the magnificence that might bee Hee gaue a present vnto the Emperour his Vncle of all the richest Chariots and fairest Horses hee had wonne The Emperour was very desirous to see his daughter he caused her Chariot to bee vncouered and caused her to enter into his but the Prince remayned on Hors-backe whom the eyes of all the people could not be satisfied with admiring The Prince presented Calibes vnto the Emperour and making a recitall of his faithfulnesse and the endeauour of euery one hee caused the Emperour to giue vnto him an hundred thousand crownes of encrease vnto his pension Axalla was also presented vnto the Emperour who being informed of his valour hee was receiued with all the best fauours that might be and he gaue vnto him of the reuenues belonging vnto the Empire an hundred thousand Tartarins of gold in a Principalitie that he might the better declare vnto him how much he esteemed of his fidelitie §. III. The differences betwixt TAMERLAN and BAIAZET the Turke his returne to Samercand and expedition against BAIAZET the battell and victorie his caging of BAIAZET and making him his Foot-stoole THis ioy and pleasure continued with vs all the Winter where the Prince hauing receiued aduertisement how Baiazet Emperour of the Turkes had enterprised to ioyne the Empire of Greece vnto his owne and fully determined to besiege Constantinople the which he vnderstanding and succour being required of him by the Greeke Emperour he dispatched one towards Baiazet for to declare vnto him his pleasure herein and warned him on his behalfe not to trouble the Emperour Paleologue who was his confederate Now this motion came from Prince Axalla who had wrought this league being of kinne vnto Paleologue and also thrust forward with desire to maintayne his Religion in Greece where he was borne of the Genuois race Whereunto being answered very proudly by Baiazet vnto our Emperour asking what he had to doe therewith and that he should content himselfe with enioying lawes vnto his Subiects and not vnto others seeing he was not borne his Subiect This answer being made Axalla procured to be very ill accepted of the Emperour and in such sort that he determined to hinder this enterprise of the Ottomans Now the Prince had obtayned of the Emperour his Vncle an hundred thousand Foot-men and fourescore thousand Horse hoping to haue as many from Sachetay besides the Lords who would accompanie him for to winne glorie from whom he made account also of fifty thousand men more that they would bring vnto him besides the other forces Hee supposed that he had abilitie to deliuer the Empire of Greece from the bondage of the Ottomans Thus the Prince departed leauing the Empresse with the Emperour her father for to serue him as a comfort of his age it was not without a hard farewell of the Emperours part towards his Nephew but more grieuous on the Princes part towards his wife who had neuer left him since the time they were married but nothing with-held our Prince where there was
and by reason of a Rebellious Portugall Captayne hee was taken as a Spye with twelue others so beaten that fiue dyed the other seuen sundred to diuers places where they dyed in misery only Vasco Caluo being now left aliue Her Father she said was banished to this Towne and there marryed with her Mother hauing somewhat to mayntaine her and by him made a Christian. They liued together many yeares like good Catholikes and conuerued many to the Faith of Christ in that Citie three hundred assembled on Sundayes to her house to their holies She shewed vs an Oratorie in which was a Crosse of wood gilded with a Candlesticke and siluer Lampe Wee asked her what they did when they came there and shee said nothing but kneele before that Crosse with their hands and eyes lifted to Heauen and say Lord Iesus Christ as it is true that thou art the true Sonne of God conceiued by the Holy Ghost in the wombe of the Holy Virgin Mary for the saluation of Sinners so pardon our sins that wee may obtayne to see thy face in the glory of thy Kingdome where thou sittest at the right hand of the Highest Our Father which art in Heauen hallowed be thy Name In the Name of the Father and of the Sonne and of the Holy Ghost Amen And so kissing the Crosse â—hey embraced one another and went home alway liuing friendly with each other Her Father she said had left other Prayers written which the Chinois had stolne away so that now they could say no more Whereupon we promised to leaue her other Prayers and taught the Christians seuen times there and Christopher Borrall writ in China Letters the Lords Prayer Aue Mary Creed Salue Regina Tenne Commandements and other good Prayers Shee had giuen a Present to Chifus Wife to deale with her Husband to giue vs this leaue and to vse vs kindly and the Christians there gaue vs fiftie Taeis of Siluer and Inez de Leiria other fiftie closely deâ—â—ring vs to remember her in our Prayers We continued our journey vp the Batampina to a place called Lequimpau of tenne or twelue thousand Houses Neere to the wall stood a long house with thirtie Furnaces for the purifying of siluer which was taken out of a Hill fiue leagues distant called Tuxenguim in which Mines the Chinois told vs there continually laboured one thousand men and that it yeeled to the King yearely fiue thousand Pikes of siluer We departed thence in the Euening and the next Euening anchored betwixt two small Cities standing ouer against one another one named Pacan the other Nacau both well walled and builded These two Cities occasion mee to recite what I haue heard often heard read in the thirteenth Chapter of the first Chronicle of the fourescore which they haue of the Kings of China that sixe hundred thirtie nine yeares after the Floud there was a Land called Guantipocau in which liued a pettie Prince called Turban which had by his Concubine Nancaa three Sonnes refusing to marry and entring into Religion of the Idoll Gizom still much esteemed in Iapon China Cauchin-china Camboia Siam of which I haue seene many Temples appointing his oldest Sonne by the said Nancaa his heire His Mother then liuing was against this and marryed herselfe with Silau a Priest and slue Turban wherevpon Nancaa and her children fled downe the Riuer seuentie leagues and fortified a place which she called Pilaunera that is the refuge of the poore Fiue yeares after Silau prepared a Fleet of thirtie Barkes to destroy her and all her faction thinking that her Sons comming of age might dispossesse him But she hauing Intelligence hauing of men women and children not aboue one thousand and three hundred persons and but three or foure Boats not sufficient to conueigh away those few by common consent and aduice appointed a three dayes Fast therein to begge suâ—cour of God in all which time none might eate aboue once in paine of death This Fast ended they cast Lots and the Lot fell on a Boy of seuen yeares old which was also named Silau whom after all Ceremonies ended they bid lift vp his hands to Heauen and tell them some remedie to these dangers Who prophesied Victory to her ouer the Tyrant Silau commanding her to embarke hers in her Enemies Barkes and at the sound of the waters to runne along the Land till God shewed where shee should found a habitation of great name which through all times should send out his mercy with voyces and bloud of strange Nations after which words the Boy fell downe dead The thirty Barkes came saith the Storie fiue dayes after without any people therein for at a place called Catebasoy a blacke Cloud arose ouer them which rayned on them scalding drops which destroyed them all Nancaa with teares and thankes embarked her three Sonnes and the rest and went downe the Riuer conducted by the sound fortie seuen dayes and then came to the place where Pequim now stands Fiue dayes after they came aland was the first stone layd thereof by Pequim eldest Sonne of Nancaa and the Citie called by his owne name And a siluer shield hangeth on the Arch of the chiefe gate Pommicotay and hath this inscribed in which are fortie Warders and in the rest ordinarily but foure The day also of the foundation beeing the third of August is kept with great Solemnitie and thereon the King vseth to shew himselfe to the people The later Kings also haue made a Law that no Strangers except Embassadours and Slaues should enter the Kingdome The two other Brethren founded these two Cities called by their owne names Pacan and Nacau and their Mother founded Nanquin which tooke the name of hers IN the fift Booke of the chiefe places of that Empire is written that King Crisnagol which reigned as we may accord our computation with theirs about the yeare of our Lord 528. builded the wall the people contributing ten thousand Pikes of siluer which are fifteene Millions of Cruzados and two hundred and fiftie thousand men thirtie thousand Officers and the rest Labourers which was continued seuen and twentie yeares and then finished being saith that Booke the length of seuentie Iaons euery Iaon is foure leagues and an halfe which make three hundred and fifteene leagues The Priests and Iles are said to contribue as many and the King and Officers another third so that seuen hundred and fiftie thousand men laboured therein This wall I haue seene and measured being generally sixe fathomes high and fortie spannes thicke and foure fathomes runneth a kind of Rampire twice as thicke as the wall strengthened with a Bituminous substance on the out-side like Potters worke and in stead of Bulwarkes it hath houses of two lofts with beames of blacke wood called Caubesy that is Iron-wood seeming stronger then if they were of stone-worke This wall or Chanfacau so they call it that is strong resistance runneth with an equall course till it
Pequim where hee questioned vs if we would serue him which we excused saying we had Wiues and Children in our owne Countrey and asking George Mendez hee accepted Eight of vs were commended to the Ambassadour which was to goe to Vzanguee in Cauchenchina we went in the same Barke We set forth from Tuymican the ninth of May and came to a Schoole or Vniuersitie called Guatipamor where wee lodged in a Temple or Monasterie called Naypatim Next morning wee followed our voyage downe the Riuer and two houres within night came to Puxanguim a small Citie well fortified with Towers and Bulwarks after our fashion with store of Artillerie of wood like the Pumps of ships the stocks where the Barrels were fastned being plated with Iron and carrying a bullet as bigge as a Falcon which inuention they say they receiued of a people called Alimanis of a land named Muscoo which by a great and deepe lake of salt water came thither with nine Barkes of oates in companie of a Lady which was sayd to bee exiled out of her Countrey by a King of Denmarke The next day wee came to Linxau and fiue dayes after we continuing our course downe the Riuer came to Singuafatur a huge Temple more then a league in compasse in which space were built one hundred and sixtie foure large and long houses full of Skuls the other bones lying without in great piles On a Hill compassed with nine grates of Iron was standing against a strong stone wall a monstrous statue of Iron thirtie braces high and six broad in both his hands holding a bullet sixe and thirtie spannes about of cast Iron also This to wound the Serpent which came to robbe them himselfe being hee which should one day restore the flesh to their owne bones if they gaue Almes otherwise to the most vnable and putrid his name Pachinarau Dubeculem Pinanfaque who 74000. yeeres agoe was borne of a Tortoyse named Migania and of a Sea-horse one hundred and thirtie braces long named Tibremoucan The Ambassadours told vs that of his Confraternities there arose to him of annuall rents aboue 200000. Taeis and as much more of the Sepulchers of the Nobles which were by themselues that there belonged to him twelue thousand Priests preying on him and praying for the dead who might not without their Superiours licence depart out of that Circuit These Priests once a yeare may defile themselues in fornication within that Circuit without as oft as they will without sinne the Chisangues permitting egresse There are many women also enclosed who by their Libangús or Prioresses leaue permit themselues to those Priests The second day after wee came to a great Citie on the Riuer side called Quanginau where the Ambassadours stayed three dayes for prouision and by reason of a Feast at the entrance of Talapicor of Lechune who is there as a Pope who had priuiledged these inhabitants to be all Priestâ— authorised to Sacrifice and giue Bills of exchange for money to bee repayed in Heauen He gaue the Ambassadour grace to legitimate in his Countrey for money and to giue tyâ—les of Honour which hee recompenced giuing to the Priests all that he could make and two thousand Taeis the King had giuen vs for whith he gaue vs fifteene in the hundred Foure dayes wee passed downe the Riuer to Lechune the mother Citie of that false Religion of Gentilitie as Rome is with vs wherein is a sumptuous Temple in which are seuen and twentie Tartar Emperours buried in rich Chappels lyned with Siluer hauing abundance of siluer Idols On the North-side a little from the Temple was a notable strong great wall within which were built two hundred and eightie Monasteries of men and women in which were sayd to bee two and fortie thousand religious professed besides seruitours In those Houses are many Brazen pillars with Idols of their Saints thereon so much more gilded as esteemed In one of them was the Kings Sister a widow which had beene wife of Raia Benan Prince of Pafua after whose death shee entred Religion with sixe thousand women The Ambassadour visited her and kissed her foot as a Saint Departing thence downe the Riuer fiue dayes wee came to a great Citie called Rendacalem in the confines of Tartaria And thence forwasds began the Segniorie of Xinaleygrau thorow which wee trauelled foure dayes and then came to a Towne called Voulem where the Ambassadours were well receiued and prouided of Pylots for those Riuers which wee descended seuen dayes without seeing any thing of note and then came to a straight called Quatanqur into which the Pylots entred to escape a Pyrat which had spoyled the most part of the Countrey Thus wee came to the Lake Singapamor called by the Naturals Cunebetee and sayd to contayne sixe and thirtie leagues in Circuit Foure Riuers runne thence Ventraw Eastward thorow Siam entring the Sea by the barre of Chiatabu in twentie sixe degrees Iangumaa Southwards by the Laos and Gueos and part of DaÌ„bambu enter the Sea at Martauan in the Kingdome of Pegu Pumfileu runnes thorow all Capimper and Sacotay and all the Empire of Monginoco with part of Meleytay and Souady and so to the barre of Cosmim neere Arracan Of the fourth Riuer the Ambassadours could giue vs no instructions but some thought it to bee Ganges In seuen dayes more wee came to a place called Caleypute where they threw stones at vs and would not suffer vs to land Thence we sayled by another larger Riuer nine dayes and came to Tarem a good Towne subiect to the Cauchim where we were well receiued and in seuen dayes more came to a good Citie called Xolor There were Siluer mines in which one thousand men were at worke whence they sayd was yeerely taken sixe thousand Pikes which makes eight thousand Qâ—intals of ours Thence wee went other fiue dayes by that great Riuer the Countrey being well peopled and came to the Citie Manaquileu at the foot of the Hills Comhay in the borders of China and Cauchim thence to Tinamquaxy Thence they sent their foure Barkes to Huzamguee the chiefe Citie of Cauchim and went by Land to Panaugrem where the King was Their entertainment there and iourney thence to Iapan I omit with their following long Pilgrimage in that Easterne world wherein I am afraid to wander in places and affaires so vncouth Wearie alreadie of things so strange and therefore vncertaine I will passe to other Authors and first to the Philippina's and Spanish Commerce of China The Voyage of Legaspi is taken out of a Latine Manuscript the rest out of Mendoza his Spanish discourse of China and certayne Friars which went thither the two Letters except borrowed of an Italian Author CHAP. III. Spanish plantation of the Philippinas and what entercourse hath thence hapned betwixt them and the Chinois §. I. First discouerie of the Philippinas written by Frier IVAN GONZALES
China and that he will set at libertie in due time the Prisoners which he held in the Galleyes albeit he thought to vse them as he did in the voyage of Maluco which he put in execution with speed And all this he precisely performed CHAP. IIII. The report of a Mahometan Merchant which had beene in Cambalu and the troublesome trauell of BENEDICTVS GOES a Portugall Iesuite from Lahor to China by land thorow the Tartars Countreyes IErome Xauere a Iesuite in a Letter from Lahor in India subiect to the Mogoll dated August 1598. relateth that an old man there knowne to haue distributed 100000. Peeces of Gold at Mecca affirmed to the Prince that he had liued in Xatai thirteene yeeres in Xambalu the chiefe Citie that the King thereof was mighty and had in his Empire one thousand and fiftie Cities some very populous that he had often seene the King with whom no man speakes but by a Supplication nor is answered but by an Eunuch And asked how hee had accesse thither he said he being a Merchant sustayned also the person of the Embassadour of the King of Caygar and being detained in the first Citie by the Magistrate he shewed his Commission and Poste was presently sent to the King who returned in a moneth riding ninety or an hundred courses a day with change of Horses bringing him Letters of admission Hee said that they punish theeues seuerely that these Xaitaians are white long bearded personable and comely therein to be preferred before the Rumes or Turkes in Religion Isauites Christians so called of Iesus some Musauites or Iewes and many Mahumetans insomuch that they hoped to bring the Christian King to that Sect. They had he said to the Iesuite in another conference many Temples and Images painted and grauen and Crucifixes which they with great deuotion worshipped many Priests much reuerenced each hauing his owne Church to whom they offer their gifts they liued single and kept Schooles one supereminent at the Kings charge were the Churches built and repaired they ware blacke clothes and on holidayes red with Caps like the Iesuites but greater many Monasteries of both Sexes and some in their owne houses obseruing a single life the Countrey rich hauing many siluer Mines and that the King had foure hundred Elephants which they said were brought from Malaca and that Merchants resorted thither the Voyage sixe moneths Xauerius addeth that in Caximir he heard of many Christians in Rebat a Kingdome adioyning to Catai with Churches Priests and Bishops These reports sayth Trigantius the Saracens made either of purpose to deceiue after their wont or were deceiued by like shew of Holies in Images Lamps Altars Priests vestments Processions Singings and the like which the Deuill hath imitated among the Chinois like to our Romish Rites These reports caused the Iesuites in India to thinke of sending one of their Society into those parts Pimenta the Father Visitour sent notice thereof to the Pope and to the King of Spaine who tooke Order with the Vice-roy to be aduised herein by Pimenta Benedictus Goez a brother of that Society and Coadjutor to Xauerius was thought fit for that designe hauing the Persian tongue And hauing come from Echebar father of the present Mogol who had lately taken Brampor with his Legat to Goa hee was sent backe to Lahor to accompanie the Merchants which euery fifth yeere as that Saracen related with title of Legats of the King of Persia and other Easterne Kings not otherwise admitted went thither In the yeere therefore 1602. he went to Agra where Echebar applauded his purpose and gaue him foure hundred Crownes for his iourney besides a thousand Rupias hee had already spent He changed his habite and disguised himselfe like an Armenian Merchant and so went to Lahor calling himselfe Branda Abedula whither he came on the eight of December He went to the house of Iohn Galisco a Venetian and there prouided himselfe of necessaries wearing his haire and beard long and Leo Grimone a Greeke well skilled in Turkish and Persian vndertaking to be his companion with Demetrius another Greeke and Isaac an Armenian Furnished with diuers writings and a Catalogue of moueable Feasts till An. 1610. he set forth An. 1603. the sixth of Ianuarie from his Superiour and in Lent after from Lahor with the companie of Merchants which goe from the Mogols to Cascar almost fiue hundred men with many Camels and carriages In a moneths iourney they came to a Citie called Athec in the Prouince of Lahor and after fifteene dayes passed a Riuer a flight shot broad where they stayed fiue dayes being told of theeues in great number at hand Two moneths after they came to another Citie called Passaur where they rested twentie dayes Thence they going to another small Towne met with a certaine Anchorite a stranger by whom they vnderstood that thirtie dayes off was a Citie named Capherstam into which the Saracens are not permitted entrance and if they enter are put to death But Ethnike Merchants are admitted their Citie yet not their Temples Hee said that the Inhabitants of that Region goe to Church all of them in blacke their Countrey fertile and plentifull of Grapes Hereby Goes supposed that they were Christians In the place where they found this stranger they stayed other twentie dayes And because the way was infested with Theeues they receiued of the Lord of the place a Conuoy of foure hundred Souldiers In fiue and twentie dayes they came from hence to a place called Ghideli all which way their carriages went at the foot of a Hill The Merchants with Armes on the tops of the Hill made search for Theeues which vse to throw stones from thence on the Passengers except thus preuented In this place the Merchants pay Tribute Being assaulted by Theeues many were wounded and they had much adoe to saue their liues and goods Benedict escaped by flight into the Woods At night they came againe together and auoyded the Theeues After other twentie dayes iourney they came to Cabul a Citie and Mart frequent not yet hauing passed the Mogols Dominions Here they stayed eight dayes for some of the Merchants would goe no further and others durst not being so few In this Mart the Sister of the King of Cascar by whose Dominion they were to passe to Catay happened on the Carauan The Kings name was Maffamet Can this his Sister was Mother to the King of Cotan and called Agehanem Age is a title giuen by the Saracens to those which haue beene on Pilgrimage at Mecca whence she now returned Being destitute of prouision for her iourney shee demanded aide of the Merchants promising to restore all faithfully with encrease when they were comne to her Kingdome Goes thought it a fit occasion to procure the friendship of another King his Mogoll Patents now wearing out Hee lent her therefore on sale of some goods sixe hundred Crownes refusing any contract of interest which
came thither At that time by the Kings License one of the Merchants was stiled Emperour as in jest to whom the other Merchants after the custome gaue Presents which Demetrius refusing was in danger to be imprisoned and beaten for so large is his power had not Benedict interceded and by a gift compounded the businesse Theeues also brake into the House and setting a Sword to the Armenians brest terrified him from crying but our Brother Demetrius hearing cried out and scarred them away Benedict was gone to the King of Quotans Mother for payment of his Debt his Residence was ten dayes Iourney thence so that he spent a moneth therein before his returne In this space the Saracens raised a report that he was dead slaine by their Priests for refusing their holies Now because he dyed intestate they sought to seize on his goods which was very troublesome to Isaac and Demetrius both for defence of the goods and losse of their Friend which redoubled their joy at his returne with plentie of that Marble and hee in thankfulnesse gaue much Almes On a day as he was eating with other Saracens one came in armed and setting his Sword to his brest charged him to inuoke Mahomet He answered that in his Law there was no such name inuoked and therefore refused and by the company that mad fellow was extruded The like zeale oft endangered him on like termes of Mahumetan profession On another day he was called by the King of Cascar in the presence of his Cacises the Priests the Mullas or learned men and asked what Law he professed whether that of Moses of Dauid or Mahumet and which way he turned himselfe in praying Hee answered that hee professed the Law of Iesus whom they call Isai and turned any way when he prayed beleeuing that God was euery where about which rose amongst them great controuersie they vsing to turne to the West yet they concluded that our Law also might seeme good Meane-whiles one Agiafi of that Countrey was named Captaine of the future Carauan who inuited our Brother to his House hauing heard well of him to a Feast wherein they had Musicke after their manner At the end hee desired his company to Catay which he much desired but had learned by experience how to deale with the Saracens and would be intreated that he might seeme to doe rather then receiue a Fauour The Captaine vseth the Kings mediation who desired him to accompany the Carauan Bassa which he accepted vpon condition of his Letters Patents for all that way His Cabul companions were herewith offended as loth to lose his company and much disswaded him but hee made shew as though hee were loth herein to displease the King and for his sake had promised the Carauan Bassa which now hee might not reuoke They said that these people were perfidious and would deuoure him and his nor was their feare causlesse for many of the Natiues had told them that those three Armenians so they called all these three Christians as soone as they were out of the walles would bee slaine This terrified Demetrius from going further who also disswaded Goez but in vaine saying he would not disappoint the hopes of so many the Archbishop of Goa and the Vice-roy to lose his expences but would aduenture his life in the Designe Hee prouided ten Horses for his Carriages and for his fellow hauing another at home The Bassa was gone to his house fiue dayes Iourney thence to make all readie and thence sent to Goez to hasten Anno 1604. about the midst of Nouember they came to a place called Iolci where they vse to pay Customes and their Commissions are examined Hence they went to Hancialix Alceghet to Hagabateth to Egriar to Mesetelec to Thalec to Horma to Thcantac to Mingieda to Capetalcol Zilan to Sarc Guebedal to Canbasci to Aconsersec to Ciacor to Acsu in this way they spent fiue and twentie dayes the way troublesome both with store of stones or Rockes and with Sands Acsu is a Towne of the Kingdome of Cascar the Gouernour whereof was Nephew to the King then twelue yeares old Hee would needs see Goez who went and gaue him childish Presents Sugar and the like and was gently entertayned of him There being then a solemne dancing before him he requested our Brother to dance which to satisfie him he did He visited also his Mother and shewed her his Patent which was with great reuerence admitted to her he gaue a Chrystall glasse a Calico cloth of India and the like The Childs Gouernour also or Protector which swayd the publike Affaires sent for him In this way one of Goez his Horses fell into a swift Riuer and escaped to the other side and came againe of himselfe the Name of Iesus being inuoked In this way the Desert is passed called Caracathai that is The blacke Land of the Cathayans in which they say the Catayans stayed long In this Towne they stayed fifteene dayes for other Merchants and then departing went to Oitograch Gazo to Casciani to Dâ—llai to Saregabedall to Vgan and after to Cucia a small Towne where they stayed a whole moneth to refresh their beasts which by the irksomnesse of the wayes and weight of the Marble and want of Barley were almost spent Here the Priests demanded of Goez why in their Solemne Fast Lent he fasted not and almost forced him in hope of some Largesse or Fine After they were gone hence in fiue and twentie dayes they came to the Citie Cialis which was little but well fortified This Countrey was gouerned by a base Sonne of the King of Cascar who hearing that Goez professed another Religion began to terrifie him saying it was a bold part for a man of another profession to enter those parts for he might lawfully take from him his life and goods But when he read his Letters Patents he was pacified and with a Present was made also a friend One night disputing about their Law with the Priests and Learned men he sent for Benedict into the Palace whereupon suspition arose of some ill intent being at so vnseasonable a time hee went and being commanded to dispute with force of Arguments silenced the Aduersaries The Vice-roy alway protected him approuing his Sayings and concluding that the Christians were the true Misermans saying that his Progenitors had professed the same Law After the Disputation hee made him a Banquet and caused him to lye that night in the Palace so that Isaac was weeping at his returne and almost in despaire to see him In this Citie they stayed three moneths For the Carauan Bassa would not depart without a great company it being so much more gaine to him nor suffer any man to goe before Goez wearied with this tedious stay and chargeable expence with a Gift obtayned leaue of the Viceroy the Carauan and Captaine being against it He then intended to proceed from Cialis when the Merchants of the former Carauan returned from
the left hand an Arab Dagger on the right the other part of their habite Iaponian The pompe of all sorts and the Ordnance attended them to the Vatican there the Italian Garrison and Heluetian Guard with their Peeces and military Musicke receiued them Then were they lead into the Hall and after all things there finished the Legates carried the Popes traine at his departure And on the fiue and twentieth day festiuall for the Annuntiation the Pope going on solemne Procession these Legates rode in the last place What should I say more sayth our Authour it cannot be told how all magnifie the mercy of God which brings farre more at this time from the East and West to the Catholike Church then the Deuill hath seduced in the North. These Iaponian Lords returned into India 1586. as Valignanus writeth and were much endangered by a tempest Their returne into Iapon is signified by the Letters of Michael to the Archbishop of Ebora testifying their arriuall the one and twentieth of Iuly 1590. at Nangasach with the said Valignanus and by the Letter of Don Sancius Sonne and Successour to Bartholmew Prince of Omur to Pope Xistus the fifth with thankes for the wood of the Crosse and the Sword sent his Father which should be kept amongst his principall Iewels Protasius also the King of Arima wrote to the Great and most holy Pope Xistus or Sixtus in this manner On the sixteenth of the sixth Moone which was the one and twentieth of Iuly 1690. heere arriued the Father Visitour of the Societie of Iesus with Cingiua Don Michael my kins-man Don Mancius and other companions which I had sent to Rome to put their heads vnder your Holinesse feet Whose comming did as much reioyce me as if a thousand Autumnes had comne to me and ten thousand yeeres had beene added to my life Don Michael related with what honour and fauour hee was entertayned of your Holinesse of King Philip and other Catholike Princes for which I render those thankes which Pen and Paper cannot expresse He deliuered me Letters also which your Holinesse vouchsafed mee fauourably reckoning mee amongst the Christian Kings Hee brought me also part of the holy Wood of the true Crosse a Hat and a Sword which your Holinesse is wont to send to Christian Kings and Princes Which fauour and studies are such and so esteemed of mee that I haue determined to consecrate them to eternall memory and to place them amongst my chiefe Treasures and the Ornaments and Monuments of my posteritie And this honour conferred on mee is such that greater cannot be in this life and it redounds vnto a future good life I had determined according to the order prescribed of your H. in his Letters and as the fauour and so great benefits bestowed on mee deserued to haue receiued the said Presents with all the celebritie and pompe that might be in my Kingdome but the Father Visitour shewed mee that respect was to be had of the tyrannie and great hatred wherewith Quabacondono the Lord of all Iapon persecuteth the Fathers and Christians these three yeeres together and this feast to be deferred till he returneth from Meaco whither hee is going in Embassage from the Vice-roy of India to Quabacondono c. The ninth yeere of the Era called Tenscio the tenth of the eighth Moone which is the two and twentieth of September An. 1590. At your Highnesse feet Arimano Sciurino Daibu Don Protasius This Quabacondono as L. Froes writeth was now growne the greatest Monarch that euer Iapon had hauing ascended thereunto from a base estate which was as hee hath diuers times with his owne mouth confessed to cut wood and to carrie it to the Market to sell for his daily food Nobunanga his Predecessor had growne to great height such as many ages had not there seene In Frenoiama eight hundred yeeres before a King of Iapon had builded 3800. Temples with houses adioyned for the Bonziâ— which employed themselues in the studie of the Lawes and Sects for whose quietnesse he remoued the Husbandmen and builded them two streets allowing to their maintenance about the third part of the Customes or Rents of the Vomen Kingdome Thus became it a fountaine of their superstitions In time those Temples dispersed in sixteene Vallies were lessened to 800. and the Bonzian discipline and studies melted into pleasures hardned into Armes and ranged into robberies so that they fired Meaco with great slaughter and opposed Nobunanga who hauing destroyed the Militarie Bonzi called â—coxos and taken away their Castles inuaded Frenoiama professing he feared not their Gods On the top of a Hill was the Temple of Quanon to whom prayers and pilgrimages were made for health wealth and long life and yeerely solemnities and Playes with huge pompe and cost were made in his honour to which the Gibon feast at Meaco succeeded with frequency of men deuices of work-men and such order that it may appeare that Satan there imitates the anniuersary solemnitie of Corpus Christi amongst vs. Thither the Bonzi had gotten but it and they and their streets were destroyed and foure hundred Temples with their furniture burned At Facusangin also were a thousand houses of the Bonzi by themselues besides Monasteries which he destroyed Xinguea the King of Cainochun had forced his Father to exile and imprisoned his elder Brother and then seized on the Kingdome after which he shaued his beard and haire and became a Bonzo and would needs repaire Frenoiama and stiling himselfe Chiefe in the house of the Kings and of Religions gathered an Armie Nabunanga wrote to him calling himselfe Tamer of Deuils and enemie of Sects Hee proceeded first against the Bonzi with these terrours and after would needs himselfe be worshipped but eighteene dayes after in a conspiracy of his owne against him he was slaine and his dispersed Quabacondono succeeded and in greatnesse of attempts and ambition exceeded This Quabacondono is a title which Faxiba assumed and is as much as Treasurer These titles are giuen by the Vo or Dairi descended of the ancient Kings and now enioying a strange Empire which is to giue titles of honour for which all great men haue their Factors with him and is esteemed as a God not suffered to tread on the ground that were deposition nor often seene and gets much treasure out of those Titles which he so often changeth that the King of Bungo was by the Iesuites obserued foure and thirty times to haue altered his appellations There is a high Priest who with Papall power authorizeth Sects confirmeth and consecrateth the Tundi or Bishops which are nominated by the Kings and enioyeth Royall reuenues The Quingue is the third person and hath power ouer Iudgements and Warres But the Lords of Tensa that is such as haue power to get into their hands Meaco and the Region adioyning are really chiefe Lords and command the State though in seeming ceremonie as the Turkes to
thing Also betweene these wals the Riuer runneth which I spake of and to passe from one to another there are many faire Bridges of Marble made of very great stones betweene these wals was one of the two fourth parts of the House on which the fire from Heauen fell downe within these few yeares and consumed it and with the blowes of the stones which fell downe many verie great Houses were broken downe to the ground as sometimes I beheld my selfe and they remayned with many signes of fire on them They say that when this fire fell from Heauen the King commanded his Sonne to kneele downe and beseech The Heauen to be mercifull vnto him for he himselfe was too wicked and that the Heauen would not heare him Within these wals are many Lodgings of the grauest Eunuches who like Fellowes of Colledges liue many in one House euerie one hauing his priuate Chamber Heere betweene these wals are Mounts and Groues and other recreations whither the King repaireth to recreate himselfe And the space of these wals is very great for when I went to the Palace to teach the Eunuches which were in that place to trimme the Clocke I passed before I came to their Lodging eight great Palaces and on the other side there were many more The Lodgings of the Eunuches vsually are low and bad for the Kings Seruants yet very necessarie Next after this followeth the third wal where the King dwelleth with his Wiues and Children and those which where his neerest seruants whereinto no man entreth but they And therfore albeit I haue heard that it is a very beautiful thing very much worth the seeing as in very deed it sheweth to be yet I cannot giue any Relation of any thing concerning the same in particular Only this I say that when I was in the House of the Eunuches that were the Mathematicians I went sometimes vp into a Towre from whence I might see the tops of the Houses the Groues and Orchards and me thought that I neuer in my life saw so great a frame of Building although I haue seene many in mine owne Countrie And therefore there are alwaies a great number of Officers of all Offices some making new Buildings and others repayring the old The King neuer goeth abroad especially this King and his Ancestors some one time and no more vnto a Temple which they haue builded to The Heauen and the Earth where euerie yeare they offer Sacrifice And therefore I know not with what pompe hee goeth abroad But like as in his seruice he hath no men of qualitie it cannot bee such as our Kings vse in their going to Church There is a barbarous custome among the Kings that when the Prince is aduanced to the Kingdome within a short time after all the rest of the old Kings Sonnes are to depart out of the House to certaine places appointed for them which vnto the third Generation are serued like Kings but they neuer come more in the presence of their Father Mother nor elder Brother and therefore there is great lamentations of their Mothers at their departure The Posteritie of these doe alwaies remayne as Kinsmen and with the name of the Kings Kinsmen To all these which are very many the King giueth sufficient mayntenance which is no great matter They neuer beare Office and deale with other people and marrie with them without doing themselues much good or none at all in being the Kings Kinsmen nor purchase any speciall authoritie thereby Other Kinsfolkes of the King married with the Sisters Daughters or Cousins of the King or Queene although they haue sufficient to liue vpon yet haue they exceeding small authoritie and haughtinesse And herein nor in any thing may they compare with the Mandarins Here came to visit vs one married with the Sister of this King that is now in a Chaire with three or foure Boyes to wait on him Another came oftentimes married with the Sister of the Wife of the Prince that is to inherit on Horse-backe with one Boy only attending on him and hee entreth into the Examinations that hee may proceed Doctor and become a Mandarin So litle is the benefit that groweth vnto them by the Consanguinity or Affinity of the King which are joyned vnto him thereby Here the time faileth me though neither matter nor desire to giue contentment to your Worship and the rest of my most deare Fathers and Brethren neither doth nor shall euer faile me And therefore if I shall vnderstand that they take this in good worth I will giue Relation of that which shall fall out here by the helpe and grace of our Lord to whom I humbly beseech all of them to commend mee I send here withall two Maps of this Kingdome of China which came to my hand after I had written this Letter and Relation I sought to translate all that which is contayned in the China Letters which is all the Rent which euery one of these Prouinces payeth to the King of China and to make a description of all the Houses which euerie Prouince hath and how many people and many things else But your Worship may beleeue that by no meanes I had leysure and therefore I send you only the figure and another yeare if it please our Lord God I will send you the same with the declaration thereof All the rundles and squares which are therein are Cities or Fortresses of many Inhabitants both of them walled about There is no Towne here set downe that it is not walled the others are many more The Riuers are well distinguished The great lines are the limits of the Prouinces the other small lines and of little circuit are the Iuridisdictions of some one principall Citie We print here another Map of all the World of our manner with Câ—â—nish Letters which beâ—â—use wee want time to declare the Letters I send not till the next yeare which then we will send if our Lord grant vs life I send you many other Papers that your Worships may see the fashion of the Letters of these people of China and what Characters wee committed to memorie From Paquin beeing the Court and Royall Citie of the King of China the ninth of March 1602. CHAP. VII A Discourse of the Kingdome of China taken out of RICIVS and TRIGAVTIVS contayning the Countrey People Gouernment Religion Rites Sects Characters Studies Arts Acts and a Map of China added drawne out of one there made with Annotations for the vnderstanding thereof §. I. Of the Name Scite and Greatnesse the Tributaries Commoditie Arts Printing Seales Inke Pencill-pennes and Fannes THis vtmost Empire in the East hath beene made knowne to Europe by diuers appellations as that of Ptolemey Sina that later of Marcus Paulus the Venetian Cathay and that most vsuall receiued from the Portugals which call it China I doubt not also that this is the Region of the Hippophagi or Hors-eaters a meat there as common
another Their leader or directer in euery Companie is their Papa or Priest On the North side of Russia next to Corelia lyeth the Countrey of Lappia which reacheth in length from the furthest point Northward towards the North cape to the furthest part South-east which the Russe calleth Sweetnesse or Holy nose the English men Cape-grace about three hundred and fortie fiue verst or miles From Sweetnesse to Candlelox by the way of Versega which measureth the breadth of that Countrey is ninetie miles or thereabouts The whole Countrey in a manner is either Lakes or Mountaines which towards the Sea side are called Tondro because they are all of hard and craggie Rocke but the inland parts are well furnished with Woods that grow on the hills sides the lakes lying betweene Their dyet is very bare and simple Bread they haue none but feed onely vpon Fish and Fowle They are subject to the Emperour of Russia and the two Kings of Sweden and Denmarke which all exact Tribute and Custome of them as was sayd before but the Emperour of Russia beareth the greatest hand ouer them and exact of them farre more then the rest The opinion is that they were first tearmed Lappes of their briefe and short speach The Russe diuideth the whole Nation of the Lappes into two sorts The one they call Nowrâ—manskoy Lapary that is the Noruegian Lappes because they bee of the Danish Religion For the Danes and Noruegians they account for one people The other that haue no Religion at all but liue as bruite and Heathenish people without God in the world they call Dikoy Lopary or the wilde Lappes The whole Nation is vtterly vnlearned hauing not so much as the vse of any Alphabet or Letter among them For practice of Witch-craft and Sorcerie they passe all Nations in the the World Though for the inchanting of ships that sayle along their Coast as I haue heard it reported and their giuing of winds good to their friends and contrary to other whom they meane to hurt by tying of certayne knots vpon a Rope somewhat like to the Tale of Aeolus his wind-bag is a very Fable deuised as may seeme by themselues to terrifie Saylers for comming neere their Coast. Their Weapons are the Long-bow and Hand-gunne wherein they excell as well for quicknesse to charge and discharge as for neernesse at the Marke by reason of their continuall practice whereto they are forced of shooting at wild-fowle Their manner is in Summer time to come downe in great companies to the Sea-side to Wardhuyse Cola Kegor and the Bay of Vedagoba and there to fish for Cod Salmon and But-fish which they sell to the Russes Danes and Noruegians and now of late to the English-men that trade thither with Cloth which they exchange with the Lappes and Corelians for their Fish Oyle and Furres whereof also they haue some store They hold their Mart at Cola on Saint Peters day what time the Captayne of Wardhuyse that is Resiant there for the King of Denmarke must be present or at least send his Deputie to set prices vpon their Stock-fish Trane-oyle Furres and other Commodities as also the Russe Emperours Customer or Tribute taker to receiue his Custome which is euer payed before any thing can be bought or sold. When their fishing is done their manner is to draw their Carbasses or Boats on shoare and there to leaue them with the Keele turned vpwards till the next Spring-tyde Their trauell too and fro is vpon Sleds drawne by the Olen Deere which they vse to turne a grazing all the Summer time in an Iland called Kilden of a very good Soyle compared with other parts of that Countrey and towards the Winter time when the Snow beginneth to fall they fetch them home againe for the vse of their Sled COncerning the Gouernment of their Church it is framed altogether after the manner of the Greeke as being a part of that Church and neuer acknowledging the Iurisdicton of the Latine Church vsurped by the Pope That I may keepe a better measure in describing their Ceremonies then they in the vsing them wherein they are infinite I will note briefly First what Ecclesiasticall Degrees or Offices they haue with the Iurisdiction and practice of them Secondly what Doctrine they hold in matter of Religion Thirdly what Lyturgie or forme of Seruice they vse in their Churches with the manner of their administring the Sacraments Fourthly what other strange Ceremonies and Superstitious Deuotions are vsed among them Their Offices or Degrees of Church-men are as many in number and the same in a manner both in name and degree that were in the Westerne Churches First they haue their Patriarch then their Metropolites their Archbishops their Vladikey or Bishops their Protopapes or Archpriests their Deacons Friers Monkes Nunnes and Eremites Their Patriarch or chiefe Directer in matter of Religion vntill this last yeere was of the Citie of Constantinople whom they called the Patriarch of Sio because being driuen by the Turke out of Constantinople the Seate of his Empire he remoued to the I le Sio sometimes called Chio and there placed his Patriarchiall Sea So that the Emperours and Clergie of Russia were wont yeerely to send Gifts thither and to acknowledge a Spirituall kind of homage and subjection due to him and to that Church Which custome they haue held as it seemeth euer since they professed the Christian Religion Which how long it hath bn I could not wel learne for that they haue no Story or Monument of Antiquitie that I could heare of to shew what hath beene done in times past within their Countrey concerning either Church or Common-wealth matters Onely I heare a report among them that about three hundred yeeres since there was a Mariage betwixt the Emperour of Constantinople and the Kings Daughter of that Countrey who at the first denyed to joyne his Daughter in Mariage with the Greeke Emperour because he was of the Christian Religion Which agreeth well with that I find in the Story of Laonicus Chalcacondylas concerning Turkish Affaires in his fourth Booke where hee speaketh of such a Mariage betwixt Iohn the Greeke Emperour and the Kings Daughter of Sarmatia And this argueth out of their owne report that at that time they had not receiued the Christian Religion as also that they were conuerted to the Faith and withall peruerted at the very same time receiuing the Doctrine of the Gospell corrupted with Superstitions euen at the first when they tooke it from the Greeke Church which it selfe then was degenerate and corrupted with many Superstitions and foule Errours both in Doctrine and Discipline as may appeare by the Story of Nicephorus Gregoras in his eighth and ninth Bookes But as touching the time of their Conuersion to the Christian Faith I sppose rather that it is mistaken by the Russe for that which I find in the Polonian Story the second Booke the third Chapter where is said that
Aequator that the Arctick Circle diuides it in the middest that is to say sixtie fiue degrees and a halfe The Ilands called Ebudae are obiect to the North part of this Iland But whether that be of these which Ptolemie and ancient Writers call Thule or rather Iseland that great Iland I dare neither affirme nor altogether denie because there is no Iland found where Ptolemie set Thule Now the later Writers make another manner of longitude about Scotland and the bordering Ilands then Ptolemie euer thought HONDIVS his Map of ISLAND ISLAND In these whirle-pooles and darknesse this Fleet one onely Ship excepted perished They that were preserued after many long labours and perils sayling through the Tartarian Sea came into a very hote Countrey and entring into a large Bay they went on shoare vpon the next Land And when the Inhabitants had hid themselues in secret places by reason of the great heate and scorching of the Sunne they saw Gold and other precious things set heere and there without a guard And when they had carryed away asmuch as they would and hasted to the Ship they saw some pursue them with Dogs of strange bignesse One who was hindred and laden with a prey that hee could not escape was torne in peeces of the Dogges The rest after long sayling shunning these Whirle-pooles arriued in Muscouia thence by the Balticke Sea returning vnto Breme they brought backe these tidings to Alebrand the Bishop with part of the prey Much about this time the Noruegians by example of the Heluetians in Iulius Caesars time are supposed to haue come out of Norway who then long time possessed that part of France which now also is call Normandie And when they had performed great attempts by Sea and Land against the Britaines they did not onely scoure the Sea by hostile incursions but also expelled the Saracens who at that time came into Italy and sought to seat themselues in Calabria and Apulia After they brought Colonies Northward into Hitland Ferow and Island which way they learned of the Bremians by meanes of the Nobilitie of Frisia aforesaid And euen the very proprietie of their speech doth testifie that they came out of Norway for the pronunciation of the Iselanders doth agree with the antient Inhabitants of Norway For vpon the Sea coast of Norway especially where the famous Hauen and Citie of Bergen is by reason of the resort and familiaritie with the Germaines and Danes the Language is changed Of the Iselanders Religion IN the yeere of Christ 1398. Woldemarus the second of that name gouerned the Danish Kingdome whereunto Norway was added whose posteritie held it vntill Ericus Duke of Pomerania and Christopher Banar Vnto this Waldemarus all the Arctoian Colonies obeyed so that now vnder that Woldemarus the Iselanders were first instructed in the Christian Religion when before they had worshipped strange Gods And when almost all Christian people in that lamentable darkenesse and title of a Church as it were by Witchcraft deceiued were detayned in most deepe bonds of superstition it could not bee but they who were furthest remoued from the societie of Learned men and dwelling vnder an vnciuill and barbarous Climate should fall into most foule Idolatrie when sometimes as hereafter shall bee declared they had Deuils to serue them as familiar as domesticall seruants But after Luther began to bee knowne Christianus the King of Denmarke procured purer Doctrine to himselfe and purged the Churches in the Kingdome of Denmarke Norway and all the Ilands subiect vnto him sending Ministers into Iseland to sow the seede of the Gospell there Hee sent a Printer also out of Denmarke to set forth the Bible the common places of Philip Melancthon the Workes of Vrbanus Regius and others in the vulgar Tongue to the Pastors who were ignorant of the Latine as at that time almost all of them were And also sent for fit and apt young men out of Iseland whom hee maintayned in the Haffâ—ian Vniuersitie at his owne costs and gaue them charge ouer Churches and Schooles King Woldemare as soone as they should professe Christian Religion in Iseland ordayned them two Bishops one in Scalholden in the East part and another in Hollen in the West whose Successours at this day retayne nothing but a shadow and a bare Title for they haue no other reuenues but Butter and Fish But when that reformation whereof I spake was made by King Christian in the Churches of Iseland one of the Bishops in Scalholden conspiring with the people reiects the Doctrine of the Gospell and making a rebellion they kill the Kings Lieutenant The yeere following which was 1535. the King sent a Noble man of the Order of Knighthood one Paul Hitfelt whom I saw an old man in Denmarke furnished with a Fleet Souldiers and Munition into the Iland The seditious being slaine hee renueth the reformation of the Doctrine of the Gospell and returneth into Denmarke leauing a certayne Noble man to take charge of the Church and Iland The greatest man in Iseland at that time was one Tadde Bonde Hee after the Kings Armie was departed conspiring with the principall men whom by his Authoritie hee drew to take his part reuolted from his Allegiance and perswaded the rest of the Ilanders to follow They meete together in a place called Waloe and conspiring to rebell and cast off the Kings subiection they impart their counsels together and Tadde had his possâ—ssions not in one place and many retayners and for these causes hee thought they could not easily bee suppressed The Bishop who dwelt in the East had a speciall care to acquaint the Kings Lieutenant with all that was done for the Lieutenant was absent in the West part of that Iland and the Bishop hated Tadde a long time For in that first Rebellion hee had falsly accused him to the Lieutenant as guiltie and author of the Rebellion This accusation onely brought great and extreame calamitie vpon him The Lieutenant being certified what was done hee perswadeth by fit instruments some of the Complices of the faction to continue in their Allegiance propounding rewards and punishments Then many of them when they saw the greatnesse of the danger leauing him came humbly to the Lieutenant and begge pardon and obtayne it Tadde therefore is adiudged an Enemie both of the King and of his Countrey they promise therefore by an Oath and giuing of their Faith that they will pursue him Then hee through feare of the danger with a few of his Domestickes which hee had gathered together kept himselfe at the foote of Hekelueld but being circumuented they were all slaine and hee taken They that tooke him brought him to the Bishop to commit him to Prison but hee refused to receiue him Therefore they draw him to another certaine man of those who had the chiefe place in Iustice neither would hee receiue him fearing the hatred of the people There was at that time there a certayne Iselander Ionas by name a
he had dispatched away the messenger of Boris not regarding his oath still more and more did aide and helpe this Gryshca Otreapyoue Also the Palatine Sendamersko and Myhala Ratanisko came into the Kingdome of Mosco to a place called the Land of Seeuersko putting the people of that Land in feare and perswading them there this Gryshca was the true Prince and that the King of Poland and Panameerada had found out the certaintie thereof and therefore they will haue Poland and Letto stand for him Also from out of many other Kingdomes they goe to aide and assist him likewise other inferiour Kingdomes are willing to stand for him moreouer that Gryshca in the foresaid Land of Seeuersko and in other places of our Borders by the meanes of his diuellish practises and coniurations did intise and tempt them to fall to him likewise the people of those foresaid places of the Land of Seeuersko and on the Borders being simple people and resorting seldome to the Citie of Mosco and being intised by Gryshca and the rest of the Gouernours could not withstand but yeelded them vnto them Whereupon against those Polonians and Lettoes and other enemies that were already entred the Kingdome of Mosco the Emperour sent his Nobles with a great Armie but by the appointment of God the Emperour Boris deceased vpon whose death the chiefest of the Nobles departed the Campe. And after their departure the Armie hearing of the death of the Emperour and being drawne thereto by feare and otherwise at last yeelded themselues ouer vnto Gryshca as the Borderers had done before Also the foresaid Gryshca by the helpe of the Diuell and King Sigismund and Panameerada came into the Citie and Kingdome of Mosco to the great disquietnesse and trouble of the whole Land by whom the Religion was corrupted and by him were many true Christians put to exile for denying his right and interest to the Kingdome of Mosco And shortly after he was setled in the Kingdome and he tooke to wife the daughter of one Sandamersko as was appointed by the King of Poland and Panameerada the which wife of his was in Mosco with her Father and Brother Senatskoy and with one Veshneuetskoy with their Polish and Letto Lords and other people by whom Religion was prophaned as also we were forced and driuen to receiue many wrongs and iniuries which the people of the Kingdome of Mosco could not indure Also at last this Greeshca by the counsell of the Palatine Sandamersko his Father in Law and by the counsell of Veshneuetskoy and other Polish and Letto people which he brought in with him was purposed by a secret politicke deuise to haue put to death the Metropolitans Archbishops and Bishops and all the holy and spirituall assembly with the Nobles and Courtiers and diuers others which were of the better people and so to haue sent others into Poland and Letto withall to haue changed the Religion and to haue established the Romish Religion for which purpose he brought with him many Iesuites The which we the great Lord and great Duke Vasily Euanowich of all Russia with the Metropolitans Archbishops and Bishops and with all the holy spirituall assembly and with the Nobles Courtiers and Commons of the Kingdome of Mosco well considering and perceiuing what an alteration this would be to our Christian faith with the ouerthrow and vtter vndoing to our whole Kingdome we then earnestly bewail'd and lamented and withall hartily prayed to the almightie Trinitie our onely Lord God that liueth and defendeth mankinde that it would please him to deliuer vs and the Common-wealth from those vile cruell diuellish attempts and deuises of theirs Thus desiring the mercy of God we all returned and stood stedfast to our former vnspotted and true Christian faith against that vsurper and counterfeit Gryshca and his Counsell with a resolution to stand in the same manfully and euen to the death hoping and longing for the time that all people and warlik men and Souldiors and many others of the Empire of Mosco might come to gather themselues together that they might likewise perceiue and discern this vsurping Heretick and his diuellish courses by which he did decline from the true Christian faith of our Religion The largenesse of the Kingdome of Mosco cannot be vnknowne vnto you our louing Brother how farre it extendeth it selfe both to the South and to the West as also to other places that in halfe a yeares space they could not gather themselues together But when as the power and warlike Souldiours and all other people were gathered together then through the mercie and fauour of God this enemy of Gods Commonwealth was discouered to all what he was And the Empresse Martha being Mother of the true Prince Demetry Euonowich did certifie vnto vs before the Metropolitans Archbishoppes and Bishoppes and before all the holy assembly as also to the Nobles and Courtiers and other Officers and men of worth within our Empire did shee deliuer that her Sonne the Prince Demetry was murthered beyond reason at a place cald Owglits by appointment of Boris Godenoue and that he dyed in her armes yet did this Gryshca falsely call himselfe by the name of him that was murthered Also we found in the custody of this Gryshca the Copie of a writing which was the contract and agreement that he made betwixt him and the Palatine before his comming out of Poland in which was written that as soone as he did come to the Kingdome of Mosco that then he would take to wife the daughter of the Palatine and would giue her two Prouinces called great Nouogrod and Vobsko with counsell Courtiers Gentlemen and Priests fitting to a Congregation with inferior Castles and Lands freely in those foresaid to build and set vp Monasteries and also to set vp the Romish Religion And when he came to the Kingdome of Mosco that then he should giue vnto the Palatine tenne thousand pieces of Polish Gold which is by our Russia account three hundred thousand Markes and to his wife in consideration of her long Iourney he promised to giue cloth of Gold and cloth of Siluer and of all the best things that was in the Treasurie of the Kingdome of Mosco Likewise that hee the said Gryshca at his comming to Mosco would take order to bring these things to passe with all diligence whereby he might draw all the Dominion of Mosco from our true Grecian Religion and so to haue turned vs into the Romish Religion and to haue destroyed the holy Church ouer all the Empire of Mosco and so to haue built vp the Religion of the Church of Rome and for the performing of all this the said Gryshca was sworne to the Palatine Sandamersko in the presence of the Teachers of the Land as beforesaid that he according to his owne hand writing would hold all the said couenants with all diligence as likewise to bring all the Empire of Mosco to the Romish Religion The which
couenants and agreements the Generall Sandamersko himselfe hath confessed to our Maiestie and Nobles that the foresaid agreements and couenants betwixt him and the foresaid Gryshca were true and how that they trusted one to another moreouer the Palatine did certifie vnto our Nobles how Gryshca sent him a Letter vnder his owne hand and Seale in which he promised to giue him Smolensko with all the Prouinces belonging thereto and another place called Seeuerow as also gaue him liberty to set vp Monasteries and the Religion of the Church of Rome Further there was found by him Letters which were sent to him from the Pope of Rome and the Cardinals and Priests to that effect that he should remember and withall be mindefull to take in hand speedily those matters and businesse vpon which he had giuen to Sigismund and the Cardinals his troth and vow the which was as beforesaid to be himselfe of the Romish Religion as also to bring all the people of the Kingdome of Russia into the same Romish Religion not onely them that of themselues were willing thereto but also others by compulsion and to put them to death that fought to contrary the same And not onely them of the Kingdome of Russia but likewise other godly people of seuerall Religion and that doe serue in the Kingdome of Mosco as the Catholicks and the Caluinists them likewise he should seeke to bring into the Romish Religion with all perswasions Moreouer Gryshca himselfe before vs and our Nobles and Courtiers and before our Commons did acknowledge as much and thereupon yeelded himselfe to be in fault as also that he did all with helpe of the Diuell hauing forsaken God For which these his vile actions this Gryshca according to the true iustice receiued an end to his life and was by abundance of people slain in the Mosco where he lay three dayes in the midst of the Citie to the view of all such like vsurpers and disturbers And because his body was loathsome vnto vs we caused it to be carried out of the Citie and there to be burnt This Enemie thus hauing ended his life then the Kings sonnes of diuers Countries now dwelling within our Kingdome with the Patriarke Metropolitanes Archbishops and Bishops with the Nobles Courtiers and the Commons made entreaty vnto vs Vasili Euanowich to raigne and gouerne ouer them and ouer all the Kingdome of Mosco as their Lord Emperour and great Duke of all Russia According to which entreatie made vnto vs by the said Kings sons of diuers Countries as likewise by our Nobles Courtiers Merchants and all the rest of the Commons of all the Kingdome of Mosco Wee are come to the great Kingdomes of Volodemar Mosco Nouogrod and as also of the Kingdomes of Cazan Astracan and Siberia and ouer all the Prouinces of the Empire of Mosco as also wee the great Lord Emperour and great Duke of all Russia are crowned with our Imperiall Crown and for the said Kings sonnes of diuers Religions and our Nobles Courtiers and Souldiers and all manner of People doe serue our Imperiall Maiesty with desire and good liking voluntarily and not by delusions and coniurations as the Poles and Lettoes were bewitched by Grishca But we the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vasili Euanowich with great care stayed and restrayned our People from the spoyle of the Poles and the Lettoes defending them from death and withall haue commanded to let goe many of them into Poland and Letto but the chiefest of them that were of the Councell and that practised to bring trouble and dissention in the Kingdome of Mosco are now taken And we to doe an honour vnto the dead body of the true Demetrie haue vpon conference with our Metropolitanes Archbishops and Bishops and all the holy Assembly our Nobles and Courtiers and all the Kingdome of Mosco sent to the Citie of Owglets a Metropolitan named Filareta of Rostoue and Yeraslaue who was called before he was made Metropolitan Theodor Neekete which being one of the Nobles in times past and with him the Archbishops of Astracan called Feodosia and our Nobles the Duke Euan Michalowich Vorotinskoy with the rest of his fellowes commanding them to bring vp with them the body of the Prince Demetrie Euanowich who was murthered by the appointment of Boris Godonoue and to bring it vp to our Citie of Mosco with great honour which body shall be buried in the principall Church of Mosco called Michael the Archangel neare to his father the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasilowich of famous memorie and by Gods power his body shall not be touched or abused any manner of way Likewise will we by the fauour of God honour the Funerall of Demetrie Euanowich with speciall solemnitie which body performeth many cures and worketh miraculously vnto them that come to him with Faith to be cured of their diseases And now most louing and deare brother wee calling well to minde the great amitie and friendship that was betwixt the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasilywich and his Sonne Theodor Euanowich the Emperour Boris and the great Lady Queene Elizabeth the like brotherly loue doe we desire to haue with you most louing and deare brother to be established and continued betwixt vs as it was with them during our liues Therefore may it please you our louing brother Iames King of England after the hearing of these great and strange dangers past to reioyce with vs that he hath deliuered from such a vile enemy and that he our mercifull God hath diuided and scattered that wicked counsell and that he hath turned their cruelty vpon their owne head to their shame and confusion And concerning your Merchants that were in our Kingdome Iohn Merricke with his fellowes we haue graced them with our Emperiall presence as also haue giuen vnto the said Iohn Merricke and his fellowes a new priuiledge and Letters of fauour by which they shall come into our Kingdome and to traficke with all manner of goods freely without paying any Custome whatsoeuer and as to them was granted in former time and this fauour we haue giuen them to manifest vnto you our louing Brother our Brotherly loue And the reason that we haue not sent to you louing brother our Embassadour is because we had not time in regard of many our Emperiall affaires but hereafter doe purpose to send to visite you in your Kingdome Written at our Emperiall palace and Citie of Mosco from the beginning of the World Anno 7114. the fourth day of Iune Thus is Demetrius painted out by his Enemies which perhaps were not altogether led with simplicitie of truth but in many things made him worse that they might make their owne cause bad enough to appeare better They tell also of great outrages committed by the Poles like those sometimes here in England by the Danes their proud insulting ouer the men rauishments of women fetching them out of their houses and
twenty leagues circuit euery one and to the East of it the Iland of Ramos of 200. leagues compasse and neere to it Malayta and Atreguada of thirty and the three Maries certaine little Ilands the Iland of Saint Iohn of twelue leagues compasse betweene the Atreguada and the Iland of S. Iames to the South Malata of 100. leagues circuit and to the South-east of it the Iland of Saint Christopher as bigge as it and Saint Anne and Saint Catherine two small Ilands fast by it the Name of God a small Iland distant from the other fiftie leagues in seuen degrees of altitude and in the same Rumbe to the North of Saint Isabel the Shelues which they call of Candelaria There is in the voiage that is made from Piru to the Ilands of Salomon an Iland called of S. Paul in fifteen degrees of altitude 700. leagues from Piru nineteen degrees 300. leagues of Land others which may be those that they called of Salomon and they say also that they might be others which this little while haue beene discouered in the same Rombe of Chile The Ilands of the Theeues are a row of 16. smal Ilands together which runne North and South with the middest of the coast of Guiney from twelue degrees of altitude vnto seuenteene Septentrionall or more not farre from the Phillippinas to the East They are all barren ground and miserable without Cattle or Mettals scarce of Victuals inhabited with poore people well shapen naked and much inclined to steale euen to the nayles of the Shippes that came there whereby Magelane named them of the Theâ—ues in the yeare 1520. when he came to them going in demand of the Spicerie Their names are the English the most North and after it Ota Mao Chemechoa Gregua Agan or Pagan Oramagan Gugnâ—â— Chareguan Natan Saepan Bota Volia There are among these Ilands Phillipines other eighteene or twenty called of the Kings Archipelagus or Ilands of the Corrall and the Gardens another quantity of little Ilands and Pialogo Saint Vilan another little Iland the Gardens and the Iland of the Matalores and that of the Shelues and of Saint Iohn or of Palmes neere the Malucos and on the North side of the Theeues fiue or six little Ilands together called the Volcanes where is store of Cochinilla and i Malpelo another small Iland where are Ciâ—aloes very fine and on the East side of the Theeues the two Sisters two little Ilands in ten degrees and Saint Bartholomew in foureteene and more toward new Spaine the Shelues Look how thou goest Take away sleep or See thou sleep not neere to them the Iland of Martine and Saint Paul another small Iland with shelues and the inhabited the most Eastward toward new Spaine Aluaro of Saauedra was also in the Iland of the Theeues in the yeare 1527. returning from the Iland of Spicerie to new Spaine THe Catholike King of Castile and of Lyon continuing in their auncient and Christian pietie presently after these new Countries were discouered and ioyned with this faire Monarchie procured to plant and settle the Catholike Religion in them and temporall pollicie with so much care and aduice of the wisest men of these Kingdomes For as the discoueries did increase the businesses they formed a particular Counsell with President and Councellours that busying themselues in no other thing with more diligence they might resort to that which so much pertained to the seruice of our Lord God and gouernment of that Orbe And because hereafter mention shall be made of the persons which from the beginning haue laboured and serued in the supreame Counsel of the Indies which hath carried so great a waight vnto this present houre first shall be spoken of the spirituall and temporall gouernment and the rest worth the knowing that the order of that Monarchie may be understood with all breuitie The first thing that these godly Kings did charge and command the first Discouerer and from man to man commanded the other Discouerers and Gouernours of that new World with very straight orders was that they should procure that the people which they carried with the Christian life and with their good customes should giue such example to the Indians that they might be glad to imitate them and should binde them vnto it entring first according to the Euangelicall Law the religious men preaching it that so rather with the sweetnesse of it then with the force and noyse of Armes it should be admitted and that iustice should be administred with such equalitie to all men that it might be much respected esteemed All went forward the townes went augmenting in such manner that with the zeale of the seruice of God and good of the men it hath come to such a point that at this day there are found built and established in all that Orbe of this Crowne possessed as before hath beene seene fiue Archbishopricks twentie seuen Bishopricks two famous Vniuersities where with great learning and doctrine al the Sciences are read more then foure hundred Monasteries of religious Dominicks Franciscani Augustines Mercenaries and the Companie of Iesus with some Monasteries of Nunnes and Colledges infinite Hospitals and Fraternities innumerable store of beneficed Cures which are called Doctrines for to teach those new Conuerts and Heremites and Chappels in the high-way erected on pillars hauing Crucifixes in them without number All the which was begun at the charge of the Crowne and at this day it goeth forward where there is no maintenance for it In effect this Catholike pietie by the clemency of God goeth from good to better augmenting with so much reuerence and honour of God that in no place of Christendome it is done with more order or care by the care of the supreme Councell of the Indies Of the which is inferred that the Concession of the Apostolike Roman Sea made to the Crowne of Castile and of Lion of the Patronage Ecclesiasticall of that new World was a very great remedie in the which our Lord God as Hee which onely is Hee that seeth and preuenteth all things to come did a thing worthy of His greatnesse seeing Hee hath shewed the experience that if this had beene gouerned otherwise it had beene impossible to haue proceeded with the harmonie and euen concent as it hath of Religion Iustice and Gouernment with so much obedience and quietnesse The Ecclesiasticall Patronage is gouerned in the same manner that in the Kingdome of Granada the Kings Catholike presenting to the chiefe Bishop onely the Archbishops and Bishops that from his holy hand they may receiue these Prelacies and may dispatch their Bulls procuring alway that they be persons of a religious life and great learning All the other Dignities and Benefices are prouided by the King and consultation of the supreme Councell of the Indies and they go not to Rome for Buls and their rents consist in tithes and first fruits which arise of the
Portugall and leape out of Ouiedos Spanish ship for who will not feare such dreadfull shipwrackes as this Booke the last which hath come to our hands is full of and swim ashoare or seeke other passage with Acosta in a new or rather an old Voyage for Discouerie of the Mexican Antiquities CHAP. IIII. Mexican Antiquities gathered out of the Writings of IOSEPHVS ACOSTA a learned Iesuite EVery Historie well written is profitable to the Reader For as the Wiseman saith That which hath beene is and that which shall bee is that which hath beene Humane things haue much resemblance in themselues and some grow wise by that which happeneth to others There is no Nation how barbarous soeuer that haue not something in them good and worthy of commendation nor Common-weale so well ordered that hath not something blame-worthy and to bee controlled If therefore there were no other fruit in the Historie and Narration of the Deeds and Gests of the Indians but this common vtilitie to be a Relation or Historie of things the which in the effect of truth haue happened it deserueth to bee receiued as a profitable thing neither ought it to bee reiected for that it concernes the Indians As wee see that those Authors that treate of naturall things write not onely of generous Beasts notable and rare Plants and of Precious Stones but also of wilde Beasts common Hearbes and base and vulgar Stones for that there is alwayes in them some properties worthy obseruation If therefore there were nothing else in this Discourse but that it is a Historie and no fables nor fictions it were no vnworthy Subiect to be written or read There is yet another more particular reason which is that we ought herein to esteeme that which is worthy of memorie both for that it is a Nation little esteemed and also a Subiect different from that of our Europe as these Nations bee wherein wee should take most pleasure and content to vnderstand the ground of their beginning their manner of life with their happie and vnhappie Aduentures And this subiect is not onely pleasant and agreeable but also profitable especially to such as haue the charge to rule and gouerne them for the knowledge of their Acts inuites vs to giue credit and doth partly teach how they ought to be intreated yea it takes away much of that common and foolish contempt wherein they of Europe hold them supposing that those Nations haue 〈◊〉 feeling of reason For in truth wee cannot cleere this errour better than by the true report of the Acts and deeds of this people I will therefore as briefly as I can intreat of the beginning proceedings and notable deeds of the Mexicanes whereby wee may know the time and the disposition that the high God would choose to send vnto these Nations the Light of the Gospell of Iesus Christ his only Sonne our Lord whom I beseech to second our small labour that it may bee to the glorie of his Diuine greatnesse and some profit to these people to whom he hath imparted the Law of his holy Gospell §. I Of the ancient Inhabitants of New Spaine and of the sixe Linages of the Nauatlacas Of the Mexican Exodus and Aduentures by the way the foundation of Mexico their first King and Tribute THe aneient and first Inhabitants of those Prouinces which wee call New Spaine were men very barbarous and sauage which liued onely by hunting for this reason they were called Chichimecas They did neither sow nor till the ground neither liued they together for all their exercise was to hunt wherein they were very expert They liued in the roughest parts of the Mountaynes beast-like without any policie and they went all naked They hunted wilde Beasts Hares Conies Weezels Mowles wild Cats and Birds yea vncleane beasts as Snakes Lizards Locusts and Wormes whereon they fed with some hearbs and roots They slept in the Mountaynes in caues and in bushes and the wiues likewise went a hunting with their husbands leauing their young children in a little panier of Reeds tyed to the boughes of a Tree which desired not to sucke vntill they were returned from hunting They had no Superiours nor did acknowledge or worship any gods neither had any manner of Ceremonies or Religion There is yet to this day in New Spaine of this kind of people which liue by their Bowes and Arrowes the which are very hurtfull for that they gather together in troopes to doe mischiefe and to rob neither can the Spaniards by force or cunning reduce them to any policie or obedience for hauing no Townes nor places of residence to fight with them were properly to hunt after sauage beasts which scatter and hide themselues in the most rough and couered places of the Mountaynes Such is their manner of liuing euen to this day in many Prouinces of the Indies Those in New Spaine which they call Ottomies were of this sort beeing commonly poore Indians inhabiting a rough and barren Land and yet they are in good numbers and liue together with some order and such as doe know them find them no lesse apt and capeable of matters of Christian Religion then others which are held to be more rich and better gouerned Comming therefore to our subiect the Chichimeca◠and Ottomies which were the first Inhabitants of New Spaine for that they did neither till nor sowe the Land left the best and most fertile of the Countrey vnpeopled which Nations that came from farre did possesse whom they called Nauatalcas for that it was a more ciuill and politicke Nation this word signifies a people that speakes well in respect of other barbarous Nations without reason These second peoplers Nauatalcas came from other farre Countreyes which lye toward the North where now they haue discouered a Kingdome they call New Mexico There are two Prouinces in this Countrey the one called Aztlan which is to say a place of Herons the other Tuculhuacan which signifies a Land of such whose Grandfathers were diuine The Inhabitants of these Prouinces haue their houses their Lands tilled Gods Customes and Ceremonies with like order and gouernment to the Nauatalcas and are diuided into seuen Tribes or Nations and for that they haue a custome in this Prouince that euery one of these Linages hath his place and priuate Territorie the Nauatalcas paint their beginning and first Territorie in figure of a Caue and say that they came forth of seuen Caues to come and people the Land of Mexico whereof they make mention in their Historie where they paint seuen Caues and men comming forth of them By the supputation of their Bookes it is aboue eight hundred yeeres since these Nauatalcas came forth of their Countrey reducing which to our accompt was about the yeere of our Lord 720. When they left their Countrey to come to Mexico they stayed fourescore yeeres vpon the way and the cause of this their long stay in their Voyage was that their Gods
that no people of the West Indies haue beene more apt to receiue the Gospell then those which were most subiect to their Lords and which haue beene charged with the heauiest burthens as well of Tributes and Seruices as of Customes and bloudie Practises All that which the Mexican Kings and those of Peru did possesse is at this day most planted with Christian Religion and where there is least difficultie in the Gouernment and Ecclesiasticall Discipline The Indians were so wearied with the heauy and insupportable yoke of Satans lawes his sacrifices and ceremonies whereof wee haue formerly spoken that they consulted among themselues to seeke out a new Law and an other God to serue And therefore the Law of Christ seemed vnto them and doth at this day seeme iust sweet cleane good and full of happinesse And that which is difficult in our Law to beleeue so high and soueraigne Mysteries hath beene easie among them for that the Deuill had made them comprehend things of greater difficultie and the selfe-same things which hee had stolen from our Euangelicall Law as their manner of Communion and Confession their adoration of Three in One and such other like the which against the will of the Enemie haue holpen for the easie receiuing of the Truth by those who before had embraced Lyes God is wise and admirable in all his workes vanquishing the Aduersarie euen with his owne weapon hee takes him in his owne snare and kills him with his owne sword Finally our God who had created this People and who seemed to haue thus long forgot them when the houre was come hee would haue the same Deuils enemies to mankinde whom they falsly held for gods should giue a testimonie against their will of the true Law the power of Christ and the triumph of the Crosse as it plainly appeares by the presages prophesies signes and prodigies here before mentioned with many others happened in diuers parts and that the same ministers of Satan Sorcerers Magicians and other Indians haue confessed it And wee cannot denie it being most euident and knowne to all the World that the Deuill dareth not hisse and that the Practises Oracles Answers and visible Apparitions which were so ordinarie throughout all this Infidelitie haue ceased whereas the Crosse of Christ hath beene planted where there are Churches and where the Name of Christ hath beene confessed And if there be at this day any cursed minister of his that doth participate thereof it is in Caues and on the tops of Mountaines and in secret places farre from the name and communion of Christians The Soueraigne Lord be blessed for his great mercies and for the glorie of his holy Name And in truth if they did gouerne this people temporally and spiritually in such sort as the Law of Iesus Christ hath set it downe with a milde yoke and light burthen and that they would impose no more vpon them then they can well beare as the Letters Patents of the good Emperour of happy memorie doe command and that they would imploy halfe the care they haue to make profit of these poore mens sweats and labours for the health of their soules it were the most peaceable and happy Christian part of all the World c. CHAP. V. Of the ancient superstitions of the Mexicans and Indians of America gathered out of the fifth Booke of IOSEPHVS ACOSTA FIrst although the darknesse of Infidelitie holdeth these Nations in blindnesse yet in many things the light of Truth and Reason workes somewhat in them And they commonly acknowledge a supreme Lord and Author of all things which they of Peru called Vnachocha and gaue him names of great excellence as Pachacamac or Pachayachachic which is the Creator of Heauen and Earth and Vsapu which is admirable and other like names Him they did worship as the chiefest of all whom they did honor in beholding the Heauen The like wee see amongst them of Mexico and China and all other Infidels Which accordeth well with that which is said of Saint Paul in the Acts of the Apostles where he did see the Inscription of an Altar Ignoto Deo to the vnknowne God Whereupon the Apostle tooke occasion to preach vnto them saying Hee whom you worship without knowing him doe I preach vnto you In like sort those which at this day doe preach the Gospell to the Indians finde no great difficultie to perswade them that there is a High God and Lord ouer all and that this is the Christians God and the true God And yet it hath caused great admiration in mee that although they had this knowledge yet had they no proper Name for God if wee shall seeke into the Indian tongue for a word to answere to this Name of God as in Latin Deâ—s in Greeke Theos in Hebrew El in Arabike Alla but we shall not finde any in the 〈◊〉 or Mexican tongues So as such as preach or write to the Indians vse our Spanish name Dios fitting it to the accent or pronunciation of the Indian tongues the which differ much whereby appeares the small knowledge they had of God seeing they cannot so much as name him if it be not by our very name yet in truth they had some little knowledge and therefore in Pâ—ru they made him a rich Temple which they called Pachacamac which was the principall Sanctuarie oâ— the Realme And as it hath beene said this word of Pachacamac is as much to say as the Creator yet in this Temple they vsed their Idolatries worshipping the Deuill and Figures They likewise made Sacrifices and Offerings to Viracocha which held the chiefe place amongst the worships which the Kiâ—gâ— Iuguâ—â— made Hereof they called the Spaniards Virâ—cochas for that they hold opinion they are the 〈◊〉 of Hâ—auen and diuiâ—e eâ—en as others did attribute a Deitie to Paul and 〈◊〉 calling the one Iupiter and the other Mercurie so would they offer sacrifices vnto them as vnto gods and as the Barbarians of Mâ—litâ— which is Maltè seeing that the Viper did not huâ—â— the Apostle they called him God NExt to Viracocha or their supreme God that which most commonly they haue and doe adore amongst the Infidels is the Sunne and after those things which are most remarkâ—able in the celestiall or â—lementarie nature as the Moâ—ne Starres Sea and Land The Guiâ—cas or Oratories which the Iâ—guas Lords of Peru had in greatest reuerence next to Viracocha and the Sunne was the Thunder which they called by three diuers names Châ—â—â—â—illa Catuillâ— and Iâ—tiillapa supposing it to be a man in heauen with a Sling and a Mace and that it is in his power to cause Raine Haile Thunder and all the rest that appertaines to the Region of the Aire where the Cloudes engender It was a Guacâ— for so they called their Oratories generall to all the Indians of Peru offering vnto him many sacrifices and in Câ—scâ— which is the Court and Metropolitan Citie they did sacrifice children vnto him
of West India not so fierce as ours ordinarily hunted by men 963.30 Liquos the people where 168.1 Liâ—ets Ilands in Greenland 719.10 Literate Sect of China their fiue Doctrines 397 Lithuania their Marriages Religion fewnesse of Chuâ—ches worship of Snakes Hunting c. 629 Lituania what Townes the Russe haâ—e in it 438 60. The Natiues destroyed and Russes placed there 439.1 Liturgie or Seruice of the Russianâ— 450. Read at the Altar ibid. Liuonia lost to the Pole by the Russe 438.60 Lizard or Crocodile a strange ease of one of them 883.20 Loafe diuided in the Russians Marriage the Ceremonie and meaning 454.30 Loadstone found in the Indies 890.50 Loadstone a Palace built of it 801.30 Loadstone communicates more strength to Iron touched with it then the Stone it selfe hath 857.10 Lobsters in New found Land 586.10 Lodiga Lake and Towne in Russia 794.40 Lofoot on the Coast of Finmarke 5â—1 10.581.40 Logicke the Chinois waâ—â— it 348. â—â— Lomsbay described 474.40 London Coast by Fretum Dauis the Latitude 845. â—â— Longitude how the Degrees are to be reckoned 856.60 An vncertaine reckoning ibid. Longitude of Places how to bee found by Art and Instruments 839.840 Longiâ—ude the Degrees are longer or shorter as they are farre or nearer to the Poles 500 50 Lop a great Citie where The Desart of Lop 75.20 Spirits duell there ibid. Lor in Persia 70 50 Lords Prayer in the beginning of the Russian Seruice 450 Lords Spirituall named before the Lords Temporall in Russiâ— 709.20 784.1 783. 787 Loretto in Italy the Towne Temple and Idolatry there described 631. â—0 Los Reyes the Iurisdiction and Limits the Soyle moystened with vapours the natiue Commâ—dities Latitude of the chiefe City distance from Toledo number of Housholds excellency of the Climate the Vniuersitie Monasteries c. 892. Number of Women and Negroes Villages in the Countrey with their Latitudes and differences of Commodities Mines Complexions of people c. 893. Vermition and Quickesiluer Springs Bathes admirable high wayes 〈◊〉 venemous Wormes c. 894. Fâ—uitfull Villages vnder it Earthquakes c. 895. The Ilaâ—ds Ports Points Capes c. 896.1.10 Vide Peru. Los Frayles the Iles in the Wâ—st Indies Los Testigos the Iles in the West Indies 866.30 Los Angelos or Tlascala the Bishopricke in the West Indies the extent the Commodities of the Soyle and Townes thereabouts the numbers of Spaniards in them 872.30.40.50 The Riuers and Townes in it 873.10 20 Los Martyres the Iles by Florida 869 40 Lost things an Officer for them 86.1 Lots vsed by the Chinois 309.1 318 20.40 If the Lots bee vnluckie they beate their Idols 319 Lots the Emperour of Russia elected by them 769. The manner ibid. Lots in China 196. The maner ib. Lots determiners of Controuersies 434.20 Lot law in Russia 755.30 Loutea what Office and how Created in China 184.20 200. â— Lownesse in Greenland our Kings Armes set vp there 717.30 Lowsie Loue in Island 647.1 Lubeckers pay no Custome to Denmarke why 631 Lucayos Iles of the West Indies where their Names Altitudes Distances 865.10 See Lequios Lumleys Inlet in America the Latitude 811.1 Lusus the Chinese his Legend 334.1 Hee put Lice into his flesh againe ibid. His Shrine 334.20 Lutheranisme in Island 645.10.50 Luxitay an Iland 256.60 Luzon the Kingdome 309.30 The Chineses slaine there by the Spaniards ibid. 310 M MAcao in China how farre from Malaca 410 Maces and Rods borne before the China Officers 187.10 Magastar the great Iland 106.40 Magdalene the Riuer in the West Indies the head Current mouth length and Latitude 885.20 Called Rio Grande ibid. His Head 890.1 Magellane Straights the Spanish Indian Prouinces in them where the Straight begins the Altitude 899.60 The Ports Capeâ— Bayes Ilands and their Latitudes What degrees of Latitude this Straight is betwixt Sir Iohn Hawkins Iudgement of these Straights 900. Whence they had the Name of Magellanes why the Nauigation through it is dangerous the Riuers Points Capes Ilands and their Latitudes by it 901 Magellane Straights 282.10 Magellanus Martyred ibid. 285.50 Magellane Straights the distances and Seasons of Nauigation from Castile thither 859.50 Difficult to passe 860 Magi that came to Christ. See Tarsa Magicall Image in Russia 757.30 Magicians knaueries 92.50 Magistrates called Lords or Fathers 388.10 Their immediate addresse to the King ibid. Magistrates how honoured in China 393.10 Being deposed they loose not all Honour They haue Temples Altars and Images erected to them 393.20 Magistrates of China the sixe Chiefe 388.30 Their manner of proceedings ibid. Their habites and Ensignes 390.10 Magistrates of China Sacrifice like Priests 397.20 Magnificat at Euening prayer in the Russian Church 450.40 Maguey the wonder Tree of West India described it yeelds Water Wine Oyle Vineger Honey Sirrop Threed and Needles and how they get all these out of it 957.10.20 Mahumetanisme the extent 317.50 Mahumetanes in the Moluccas and the Philippinaes 905.20 How they gate thither and further ibid. 30 Mahumetanes many in China 399.50 But ignorant and contemned ibid. When they gate in ibid. Mahumetanes visiting of Tombes 234.20 Counted holy therefore 235.10 Mahumetane distinctions for liberty to drinke Wiâ—â— 71.1 Maisters much honoured in China 395.10 Maister of the Ceremonies in China 300.50.388.40 Maister of the Horse in Russia his Greatnesse and reuerence 425.10 Malabar called India the Greater 104.30 Foure Kingdomes in it 104.30 Malaca how farre from Macao 410.20 Malucaes Ilands the Warres there betwixt the Spaniards and the Portugals 282.20 Maluccas the Nauigation thither from Spaine 860.10 The distance and Seasons ibid. Mameys an Indian fruit described 957 Mamoses the old people of Curland Idolaters barbarous c. Their Rites Marriages Burials Habites Hospitalitie c. 628 Manaâ—e a West Indian Fish described how taken hee hath a Stone good against the Stone 987.988 Manati a Fish that giues sucke 930.40 Their description Mancherule the chiefe Citie of the old Tartars 15.30 Where they still elect their Great Chan ibid. Mandarines their honour in China 370.30 Sets vp Flags before his House and Arches triumphall ibid. Some examples of their Noblenesse 371. Disposed in all Cities 372. There be sixe of them chiefe 372.30 Mangat or Marcopia the Citie 634.30 Mangi what part of China 404.20 Mangi accounted barbarous by the Chinois 345.1 Mangi hath nine Vice-royes vnder the Great Tartar 99.50 Mangi or China 95.30 The securitie of it sometimes ibid. Inuaded by the Tartars 95 60. And taken 96.10 The name of Mangi discussed 96.10 in margine And see especially page 102. liâ— 56 Mangi the Kingdome 89.10 It is the nine Southerly Prouinces of China 342.30 Mangu Chan his message to the King of Franckes 29.30 His golden Bull and the authoritie of it 29.40 Mangu chosen Cham of Tartarie 25.10 Kils Siremen 25.30 His conference with Frier William 27.30 His description ibid. His Court and Firing ibid. 30. His proud Answers 28.1 Mangu Chan his Proclamation concerning a Disputation of Religion held before him 41.50 His
30 Mexico in the West Indies the limites of the Councell the Archbishopricke and its Iurisdiction the Indian Names of Mexico the Longitude and Latitude distance from Toledo houres of Sun-rise situation and description of the Citie 870. Suffragane Bishops to the Archbishop Monasteries and the Vniuersity there and the Spanish Inquisition 871 Mexico the new where 1001.10 Mexico how and when first peopled ibid. Their seuerall Iourneyes Plantations Accidents ledde by the Diuell their Conquests they tame the Snakes 1003. Their Idoll Tocci how Consecrated Mexico Citie founded by an Oracle the odde Story of that 1004. The foure quarters of the Citie diuided by Oracle their other Gods A new Colonie goes out they chuse a King 1005. His receiuing Coronation charge beautifies Mexico 1006.60 Their second King they are giuen to Southsaying 1009 Mexico Citie built in a Lake they quarrell with their Neighbours vpon which their King is murthered their League with their other neighbours to reuenge it 1010. They proclaime Warre against the Murtherers of their King 1011. Their victory 2012. Prouoked by other Neighbours they ouerthrow them too ibid. And other neighbours 1013. And others 1014. And others 1015 Mexico as well an ordered Kingdome as any in Europe ibid. Other victories of the Mexicans 1016. Other Conquests 1017. They force a Riuer to their Citie ibid. Which being almost drowned by it the King rebuilt like another Venice 1018.1 The greatnesse of their Empire ibid. 60. The stately Seruice of their Kings 1019.30 1126.1130 Strange prodigies foretelling the ruine of their Empire 1020. The Spaniards arriue there whom they superstitiously beleeue to bee their old King 1021. Their ancient Religion 1026.1027 c. Their Idols shapes ornaments Sacrifices and Festiuals 1030.1031 c. They imitated Gods Church herein 1033.50 Their Superstitious trickes 1043.40 Their Sorceries ibid. Conquered by Cortes the Spaniard 1118. The Citie destroyed by him 1122.20 And rebuilded ibid. Description of Mexico as it flourished at the Spaniards comming thither 1131.1132 c. Their Markets and Wares ibid. 1133. Their Temple ibid. 40. Other Antiquities of their Letters Numberâ— Times c. 1135. c. Their Chronologie 1136 Mexicans their Marriage Ceremonies 1044.30 Their Festiuall dayes 1046. 1048. c. Their ciuill Customes Arts Kalendar c. 1050. Their Bookes Writing Schooles c. 1052 Their Foot-posts 1054. Their Kings chosen by Election how 1062. Their degrees of Nobility Officers Priests Knighthood Warfare c. 1063. Education of their Youth Playes c. 1064. Their Rope-dancing and agilitie 1065. Their Story in Pictures begins at Page 1067. and continues to page 1117. The tributes of their Kings 1080. c. Their priuate behauiours 1102. c. How they doe with their new borne Children 1102.1103 Their Marriage rites 1107. c. The Kings Armes 1128.20 Their Policy Common-wealth 1129 1130 Mezen in Russia 538. The way thence to Pechora Obi and Yenisse Riuers and through Siberia to Cathay 530. 540.50 From thence to Canâ—inos c. to Pechora 538. Furres trading for there 540.10 Michalowich foretold to be Emperour of Russia 770 Mien the Kingdome and Citie 93 20 50. Conquered by the Tartars ibid. Miles long ones in Podolia 632.20 Miles of Norway 656.20 Military honours amongst the Tartars 643.10 Military degrees how giuen in China 387.10 Military rewards 387.60 Milke spewed vp by Snakes lickt vp by men 629.40 Millet a chiefe Diet of the Tartars 640.40 Millet Mayz or Indian wheate the qualities of it 893.40 Growes in Canes ibid. Minâ—oo the Citie the Commodities 269.1 Mines of Siluer in Xolor 281.40 Mines of New Spaine the names of them Their distance from Mexico 872.10 Mines in China stopt vp till the King had need of money 348 40 Miniaâ—es what Images they are 948.50 Miracles belieued to bee wrought by the dead in Russia 769.30 Miracles belieued foolishly by the Spaniards in their Conquest of Mexico 1024. c. Miracle-worker in the Indie hanged afterwards by his owne Spaniards 897.20 in marg Miracles of the Deuill in Mexico 1020 Miralis is Porta ferrea or Derbent 110.20 Mirobolans grow in Cauchin China 410 Mists make the Earth more fruitfull then the raine 937.50 Miters in China 263.20 274 50. Mitre of the Patriarch of Mosco with a Ball on the top and why 455.40 Moal the name of the Tartarian Nation 14.40 Whence deriued 15.10 Moal Tartars where and who 799 20. See Tartars of the East Moan the Plaine where 49.10 Moldauia some places in it 633 Moluccas or the Ilands of Spicery which fiue of them bee the chiefe they are vnder the Aequinoctiall their bignesses c. Names and latitudes of the rest pawned to the Portugals 904 Mogor how diuided from China 362.40 Mogores their ancient bounds 280 30 Monarchie a great assistant to plantation of Religion 1025.10.1026.1.10 Monasteries in Russia the Nobilitie thrust into them 424.30 50 Suffered to bee made rich for the Emperours Sacriledge 430 Monasteries are Sanctuaries in Russia 448.40 The greatnesse and wealth of some of them 449.1 Monasteries in Island and Groneland 651.20 Monastery of S. Bennet of Holm in England and Norway 624 1. A Story of it ibid. Monasteries of Peru for women their Orders and Reuenues 1034.10 For men 1035.1 Their Habit Shauing Offices Orders Penance Begging c. 1035 Moncastrum or Bialogrod in Moldauia 633.1 Monfarts Relation of China 410 10 Monganet Samoeds on the Ob 805.1 Monginoco the Empire 281.40 Mongozey in Russia the Trade thither 537.30 See also pag. 538 539. c. What it is 540.1 Furres there ibid. See Molgomsey 551.1 Mongozey written Molgomsey 543 Monkes of Russia how prouided for 228.10 More of them see ibid. Merchants ibid. They entertayne the Emperour ibid. Monkes in China 196.50 Seculars ibid. Their habit 274.40 Monkes in China had Concubines and were high-way Thieues 334 10 Monkish Re ue lation 26.40 Monkish Order of Saint Francis not Catholicke or vniuersally fitting all places 26.60 Monkeyes of India their kinds 966. Strange rarities of them one taught to buy Wine to bite painted women How they passe Riuers admirably 967.1 Their feats and features 995 Monkeyes hunt for Birds Nests 980.40 981.1 They feare the water ibid. Money of Paper or Barke in Tartary 86.30 Money of Paper in Cathaia 34.10 How made ibid. Of spotted skins ibid. Moneyes of the Crim Tartars 640 20 Money of Paper Barke or Porcellane where the Gold growes see pag. 91.92.94.96.98 Money not of Gold where Gold growes 942. Of Fruits leaues Coca Iron ibid. Of Leather Cotton c. 943.956 Of Siluer by weight vncoyned ibid. Money not of Gold but of Fruits in the Indies 942 Money answeres to all things 942 10 Money of Siluer barres in China 366.30 Of Brasse ibid. Money of Siluer Rods weighed 164 60. 166.1 Money of twigs of Gold 91.30 Of Salt ibid. Of Porcelane 91.50 92. Of Paper 108.60 Money of Porcellane 94.30 Money of Corall 90.50 Money neglected the aduantage made of it by the Tartar 442 10 Money
makes the Iesuits preuaile in China 328 Monster of the Sea a stupendious one 997 Monstero seene in Mexico 1021 10 Monsters of Brasse 266.20 Monstrous Statues 267.1 Monsons 307.50 Monsul the Country 105.40 Months of the Mexicans 1135 30 Month of the Mexicans of twenty dayes 1050.10 Months of Peru which of theirs answere to which of ours 1045 1046 Moone seene continually after October the 24. where 494.40 Moone the Chinese keepe the Change solemne 392.40 Moone accounted Heauen 277.1 Moone at the Full welcommed with Fire-workes 394 Moone the yeare reckoned by it in Tanguth 77.10 In Iapon 323.20.40 In China 199.10.344.30 The Tartars reckon by it 28.50 Moores some in China 207.10 Slaues trade into China 362.1 Moores giuen to coozenage 285 40 Morauyon the Riuer in the West Indies the head course and mouth 868.20 Mordwit Tartars most barbarous 442.40 Hee worships and sweares by for his God that which he meets first in the morning ibid. Kils his best Horse when his Friend dyes why ib. Mâ—rdouits the Countrey receiues Christianity 232.1 Morses or Sea-horse-fishing 465 20. His description and manner of killing him 472 Morses roare and make a noyse 557 10. They cast their teeth ibid. Their manner of fighting 558 30. They come not on land while any Ice is neere the shoare 559 One brought aliue into England docible 560.50 Morses teeth where taken 214.1 The vse of them 417 49 Mortar vnknowne to the Indians 1056.10 Mortar made of Pumice-stones 651.40 Motezuma King of Mexico his grauitie seemes to refuse the Kingdome 1018. Is elected his valour and extreme pride 1019 His prodigality seuerity and policie would bee worshipped as a God is foretold of his ruine his Visions and Prodigies 1020. Taken by the Spaniards pag. 1023 40. Forsaken of his Subiects slaine 1025. See also pag. 1121 1125. c. Mother and her Daughters 478 50 Mothers kindred married withall in China 394 Mosco the City and Countrey 214 20. Described 225 Mosco the City the way from thence to Vologda 224. From thence to Boghar in Bactria 231 30 Mosco the City the beginning and description of it Scituated in the edge of Europe and Asia 418 40. Burnt by the Tartar ibid. Greater then London ibid. The miserable spectacle at the burning 439.50 Claymed by the Tartar Mosco greater then London 214 20. Stands in 55. degrees 10 minutes 415 Mosco City the gouernment 427 20. Taken in by the â—oles Lost againe 780.1 The way by land from thence to Emden 743.50 The distance from Vologda 744.1 747.10 Mosco the Riuer looses his name in the Occa 231.30 The Riuer hallowed and the manner 455.40 Giuen to sicke folkes ibid. Moscoby the people 280 30 Moscumbia a Lake 261.1 Moses foure last Bookes not read in the Russian Church and why 452.30 Mosul the Prouince where 69.50 Mosul the City now Seleucia 110 50 Mourners are a trade in Ormuz 71 60 Mourners beare no Office in China 327.40 Mourning the time of forty dayes in Russia 741 Morning Religion in China 345 1 Mourning in China with course Woollen next the skin 182.10 Mourning in white 368.1 It holds for three yeares in China ibid. And why 393.30 The manner of it They change their Habits Vtensils Paper and names ibid. See pag. 393.30 Mourning Garment in Spaine is blacke Bayes in China white linnen 368.1 Mount Hackluyt 730.10 The Latitude and Variation ibid. Mountayne the highest in the world where 74.20 Mountayne remoued by a Shoâ—maker A Holyday in memory of it 70.40 Mountaynes wonderfull in Island 648.10 In the middle Region or burning Mountaynes vnder the Torride Zone make it more temperate habitable 936.1 Moxel a Tartarian people 12.30 Nothing iealous ibid. Moxul or Mosul the seuerall people in it Their Silkes 70.1 Muc a people of Catay 23.40 Their manners ibid. Mules vsed to packes in China 295 20 Mules for the Streets in China 342.20 Mulibet or Hasassines in Cathaya 39.20 Mullas what 313.30 Multitude their inconstancy and folly 790.10 50. c. Mummeries of the Mexicans 1049 Munday the Russes begin Lent vpon 217.60 Munition House of the Kings of Mexico 1129 Murfili or Monsul the Countrey 105.40 Murthers ordinary in Russia Murders of the poore not accounted for by the Nobility in Russia 435 10 Murse is a Prince in Tartarian 233 20 Mus or Meridin the Nation 70 10 Musauites a Name of the Iewes 311.1 Musicke in China and their seuerall Instruments 181.10 Crano ibid. Musicke of China the manner 383.2 Musicke of the Chinois meane 371 1 Musicke of the Mexicans 1065.1 Musicke to comfort the dead 277 40 Musihet Mountaynes 16.1 Muscouia Merchants first setling 463.10 Their Patent 464.10 Muscouy Company their Names Patent and Priuiledges of trade in Russia 754. 760. They pay no Customes They are to sell by whole sale and not by retaile ibid. To sell their Wares themselues ibid. Wrecks at Sea not to be taken of them 755.1 English houses in the Cities Their packs not to be opened Iustice to bee done them by lot Disturbers of them to be punished 755. See also 758 760 Muscouie Merchants their losses at Sea 709. 712 Muscouia Merchants and East India Company ioyne in a Voyage 468.30 The Muscouia Company loose by it ibid. They dissolue and deliuer ouer the trade 469.30 Muscouia Company of Merchants their last Patent from the Emperour 802. c. Denied to trade for Furres 805.50 Muscouian Emperour his stile ordinary 215.10 At large 221.10 His Letters to King Edward 221. He is Heire generall to the Laity 216.10 And Abbots 218. Sits ordinarily in Iustice 228.1 Medleth not with Religion ibid. His treasure ibid. His broad Seale is the George 221 40. His Court on high dayes furnished with Merchants clad like Nobles 249.50 His huge plate ibid. His Presence Chamber and Dining Roome All men there in white and couered 214 His Seruice all in Gold He sends bread to euery guest in particular and the Ceremony and state of it He changes his Imperial Crowne thrice in a meale 215.10 See also in pag. 224.40 225. Serued by Dukes 225 His forces all Horsemen no Husbandmen nor Merchants Their Armes vndiscipline their hardy bodies and their hardy Horses ibid. Giues no pay 216.1 The reason of that 225.60 Their Law and Suites 216.40 Without Lawyers ibid. Triall by Combat 216.60 In case of debt 217. They hang none for the first offence 217.20 Very deceitfull and extreame poore ibid. Their Religion and Superstition 217.30 229. Most superstitious in their Grecian Rites ibid. Their fashions in the Church Their ignorance in the Lords Prayer Creede and Commandements ibid. Call vs halfe Christians ibid. Their Prayers As bodi pomele ibid. 229.10 They vse the Sacrament in both kinds ibid. 229 Their Oblations of Candles and Money ibid. They haue a Testimoniall to Saint Peter laid in their Coffin 218. Their foure chiefe Saints 218.1 Their strictnesse in Lents 218.10 Their Seruice at â—hurch thrice a day 218.10 Their Nationall vices 218.10 20. 225.
Pancakes at Shroâ—etide in Russia 227.1 Panghin the City 96.30 Pannonia when first peopled 662 20 Panouras or China Shippes 260 30 Pantogia his being in China 407 Panuco Prouince in the West Indies the extent the difference of Soyle the Townes and Latitudes of them 872.10 20 Papa the Samoits Priests 443 40. And the Russians 447 40 Papas Roots are the bread of Peru 894.30 Paper made of the second barke of the Mulbery Trees 874.10 Paper of diuers matters made in China 175.60 Papers or notes sent before in Visitations and sending of Presents 391.30 Paper-sacrifice of China 369.1 Paper of Iapon 325.10 Papey or East Island whence so called 657.40 Pâ—pions skins vsed for clothing in Tartary 30.10 Pappa and Pappas what 657 50 Paps how the Indian wiues bearâ— them vp 992.40 Paquin described 272.20 Besieged by Tartars 280.10 Paradice the Chinois would go vnto 349.1 Pardoner an Officer in China 335 40 Parents honoured in China 393 30 Parents much respected in China 368 Parents selling or eating their owne Children 738.40 Pariacaca Mountaine in the West Indies the strange subtlenesse of the Aire there and the admirable effects One of the highest Lands in the World 926.20 30 c. Parishes vnequally diuided the inconueniencie 447.60 Parity a Peace-breaker 277.20 Parliaments their order in Russia 422.50 Begun commonly on Friday ibid. The meeting sitting and consulting 423 Parrots breed on the Mountaines of Peru 936 Parrots still flye by couples 995 40 Parâ—henium the Promontory 634 10 Parthia is now called Sachetay Zagetai or Sochtay 141.10 Partridges of the West Indies described how taken 996.1 Partridges white and plenty in Russia their Feathers sold 536 50 Partridges flying into a Ship 247 50 Paruam the bounds of the Mogores Dominion towards Catay 312 1 Pâ—scatir speake the Hungarian tongue 18 50. Their trades and borders ibid. The Hunnes came out of it ibid. Pascatir that is Hungaria the greater 6.30 Pascha a Christian Woman of Mentz found in Tartary 28 40 Pasius the Iesuite his trauels 321 His fortunes and death 322.1 Pasport to Hell 406.30 Passage by the Pole the hopes 702 20 Passage probable betwixt New Spaine and Asia or Tartaria 806.30 Passaur a City 311.40 Passe for Trauellers the forme vsed in Russia 758.40 Patanes the people and Kingdome 169.50 Patching of clothes one of Tartarian Commandements the reason 443.10 Patient hearing in Iudges 203.1 Pâ—triarch of Constantinople negotiates a league against the Turk 445. A league betwixt Spaine and Moscouia That how broken off ibid. He colourably resigneth his Patriarchate to the Metropolitan of Mosco ibid. Goes away enriched ibid. Patriarch of Mosco the Emperours Father chosen to be 791.10 Patriarch of Mosco signes Patents with the Emperour c. 802.20 30 Patriarch of Russia made to play on a Bagpipe 739.40 Crownes the Emperour 743.10 Patriarch of Mosco when first made 445. His Iurisdiction ouer the Russian Metropolitanes Archbishops c. 446.30 His reuenues 446.60 His habit 447 1. The Emperour holds his horse bridle 456.10 Pauing with Pitch 199.40 Paynting vpon Past-board in Catay 800.10 Paynting in China without shadowing 371.1 Paynting in China 357.1 10 20 Paynting of their bodies vsed by the Indians 992.10 Paynting vsed by the Russe women they haue allowance from their Husbands to buy their Colours 459.30 Paynted women 230.30 Peacockes of the West Indies described 995.50 Peace mediated betwixt the Russes and Poles and the Russes and Sweden and by whom 791 Peace betwixt the Russe and Sweden 792. The conditions of the accord as followeth Forgetfulnesse of iniuries 2. The Sweden yeilds vp the Castles before taken 3. Sweden was to restore Church Ornaments Bells 4. Persons and goods to bee freed on both sides 5. The time for Swedenâ— deliuery of the Townes set downe 6. Lodia Castle to bee rendred and Odoro to remayne Cautionary to Sâ—eden 7. Sweden not to ayde his brother in his clayme to Nouogrod c. 8. What places the Russe yeilds to Sweden 9. And what money 10. Sweden to keepe the Ordnance which hee had taken 11. Sweden to retaine the Signiory of Corelia 12. Where the Commissioners on both sides are are to meete determine of the bounds and confirme the Articles 13. The Russe to giue ouer his title to Liefland the titles of both Princes to be agreed vpon 14. Commerce of trade to continue 15. Merchants on both sides to haue free exercise of Religion 16. Personall wrongs c. And Ambassages how to bee ordered From the 16. to the 29. Article 30. Ambassages where to meete 31. Wrecks by Sea not to be taken of each others Subiects 32. Neyther partie to ayde the Pole but to treat of a ioynt league against him 33. The Confirmation and names of the Commissioners All which is acknowledged to be effected by the mediation of our King Iames. Peace betwixt Denmarke and Sweden and the Conditions 797.10 Peaches weighing two pounds a piece 95.1 Peares weighing ten pounds apiece 98.30 Pearle-fishing largely described 972. The Oyster they are found in naught Whither they grow where they are found or remooue thither where the best Pearles are found ibid. Mention of great and round Pearles most are fashioned like a Peare 973 1 10 Pearles found in shels two seldome of one bignesse Stories of some Pearles Where in the Indies are the most and best 952.50 60. The manner of diuing for them 953.1 Pearle-fishing in Margarâ—ta 866 20. And in Florida 868.60 Pearles found in two seuerall Shel-fishes and which is best 999 30 Pearles great store 91.1 Pearles whence they come 70.20 Pearle-fishing 254.50 Ships of Strangers burnt that come then ibid. Pearles the fishing for them and the manner 104.40 Vsed like Beads to pray vpon ibid. Pechincow Monastery 223.20 Pechingo in Lapland 558.10 Pechora the trade for Furres there 546. The way thence ouer-land to Ob 551.60 And the head and course of the Riuer 552.1 The Riuers that fall into it 553 554. The way thence to Tumen in Tartary 556.20 Pechora 530. It hath 22. mouthes 533.1 The Russes that trade thither 534.20 The Commodities there to be had 535.30 Conueniencie of transportation ibid. The Inhabitans feare to trade with Strangers ibid. The way from thence to Mongozey 539 543 Pechora the Towne described and how they liue there 536. Frost there in August 542.30 Sunne at Christmasse scarce seene Pechora wonne by the Russe 439 20. Their Language diuers from the Russe ibid. Pechora the Riuer discouered 463 20 Peibus the Lake in Liefland 628 40 Peim their adulterous liberty and custome 75.1 Penance of the Mexicans 1035 40 Pencils of haires haire for writing 383 People decayed in the Indies by the Spaniards 935. 938.10 Pensions taken away from vnseruiceable men 216.10 Pentle-frith Sound in Orkney 827.20 Pentlow-frith in Orkney Ilands the latitude 713. The course and tydes there ibid. Pepper infinite store of 101.30 Pepper the daily expence in one City 98.50 Pepper Tree described 138.50 Pepper of West India the seuerall sorts qualities and vses 955.50.60
by an Armenian Monke 32.40 37.50 Rubies where they grow mostly 104.20.169.40 One as bigge as a mans arme and valued at the worth of a Citie ibid. 110.10 Rubie that driues water from it 802 Rubble a Russian summe a Marke 452.40 Rubruquis the Frier his Iournall to the East parts of the World 1. His message to the Tartarian Princes Sartach 13.20 c. And to Baatu 17.10.20 c. His Iourney to Mangu Chan 18.1 Shaued himselfe in Tartarie 27.10 His Oration to Mangu Chan 27.50 His resolution to keepe company with Sorcerers 36 40. Examined at Caracarum 39.10 Rubâ—uquis his learned Discourse with the Saracens and his Conference with the Courtiers of Mangu Chan 40.50.60 His answer to Mangu Chan concerning his comming into his Countrey 41.10 His dispute with the Nestorians 41.30 c. Not suffered to stay in Tartarie 43.40 He departeth from Mangu Chan 43.50 His way from Volga into Persia 48.30 Returnes to Baatues Court 47.50 He gets his Bookes againe 48.20 His way from Euphrates to Tripolis 51.10 c. His aduice to his King concerning the Tartars 51.50 Ruck the Bird which carries away an Elephant 106.40 Ruffes or Bands not worne by the Ruffes 459 Ruggierus learnes the China tongue 320.20 In fauour with the Gouernour 320.40 Catechises at Amacao ibid. Sent to the Vice-roy about setling at Amacao 321 Fals sicke ibid. Obtaines a Charter for the Iesuites ibid. Returnes into China 327.30 Petitions the Gouernour but is commanded backe to Amacao 327.60 An Edict set vp against him 328.1 Procures a Charter of continuance in China ibid. 10. Returnes for supplies to Amacao 329.10 Baptises some 330. Sent to fetch Feathers for the King ibid. Goes with the Gouernour into Sciauchin ibid. Gets a House there 332.1 Much honoured there ibid. Makes forty Christians ibid. 20. Goes to Mount Vu-tan ibid. 40. Wronged by a false Conuert ibid. 333.10 Returnes into Europe ibid. 20 Rule to know natiue Commodities and Creatures the Indians had before the Spaniards comming thither 963.10 Run Iland one of the Orkneys 827 Russia of old called Sarmatia 413.40 Whence called Russia ibid. The bounds and Shireâ— 414.1 The length and breadth of it ibid. 20 A pleasant Countrey in Summer 415.10 Hotter then England ibid. Natiue Commodities ibid. 60. c. 416.10 It hath no Mines but Iron 417.60 The strange Creatures of it ibid. 418. The chiefe Cities 418.30 The Townes of strength 419.10 The foure Frâ—â—â—â—er Townes 427.10 Their woodden building 419.20 The foure great Iurisdictions and the gouernement of the Prouinces 426.1.10 The tribute payed by the Prouinces 429.1 The Towâ—es of chiefe trade ibid. The neighboure and bâ—rderers 439.30 The Church Gouernement 444. c. They depended vpon the Patriarch of Constantinople or Sâ—o ibid. Ruâ—sia the late alterations there since the Raigne of Iuan Vasilowich faminâ— and Sâ—â—rd there 738. The huge largenesse of the Empire 768.20 An Inter-râ—gnum and popular Gouernment there 782.50 In danger to bee diuided amongst diuers Lordâ— 789.50 Emperour of Russia His Dominions naturall and by Conquest 414. His Customes vpon Salt 417.40 Out of the Fishings 418.30 His tytle changed from Duke to King misliked and why ibid. 40. His Syrname 426.10 Hee deriâ—es himselfe from the Hungarians 419.40 c. Their first getting the Dukedome Volo 〈◊〉 420. Their first entitâ—ling themselueâ— Emperours ibid. Great Duke of Mosco 420.10 Manner of his inauguration ibid. His Stile repeated at his Coronation 421.30 His Gouerâ—ment ibid. 422 His absolute Soueraignty ibid. 〈…〉 all Offices ibid. His 〈◊〉 suffered to deale in Iustice ibid. 〈…〉 the Nobilitie 4â—3 50. His Councell of State 4â—7 40 His Customes and Reuenues 4â—8 30 The Receiuers of them ibid. His Fyâ—es 429.30 His 〈◊〉 429.50 435.40 His yearely income 430.10 Their pretences to impose Taxations ibid. 50. His ordinary Sacriledge and robbing of the Monasteries 430.60 431. A wretched policy of his to get money 431.1 Hiâ— tyrannicall engrossing of commodities ibid. Their vngodly cauillations 431.50.60 His Iealousie of Strangers 433.20 His expences to his Souldiery 435. He hath 80000. Hors euer in a readinesse 436.10 And of Foot twelue thousand ibid. Of Strangers 4300. his maintayning of his Conquests by Colonies 438. His old homage to the Tartar denyed 440.1 Holds the Patriarchs Horse bridle and hath a Pâ—â—â—ion for it 456.10 An earely riser his Morning deuotions 456.60 His salutations to his Empresse going to Church and giuing presence to his Nobility 457.10.20 c. Neither enteâ— nor lyes with his Empresse but when ibid. His Seruice at the table ibid. His after-noone recreations ibid. His houshold and great Officers 4â—8 30 Emperour of Russia his Funerals Mâ—â—rnings and Coronanation 740.741 c. 745.20 His Title 747.40 His glory State 748.30.40.50 His attendance on great Dayes ibid. 749. His title of Selfâ— upholder 755.60 Of Caesar 760.30 His title 765.802 Election of him by Lot 769. See Muscouian Emperour Russian tongue 〈◊〉 the originall Sclanoâ—â—an 433. The Character is the 〈…〉 433.30 Russians they care not to haue any thing before hâ—nd 417.432 Forbidden to drinke 〈…〉 sometimes 418 6◠〈…〉 422.60 432.10 435 The seuerall 〈…〉 423.40 They 〈◊〉 both within without 429.30 Great Drunkards 431.40 The 〈◊〉 dare not looke on a Gentleman 432 1◠〈…〉 common vnfencâ—â— ibid. 〈◊〉 most wretâ—hed conditiâ—â— liuâ—â—g at â—ome as in an Enemies Countrey ibid. 〈…〉 Trade â—3â— 1 〈◊〉 from being 〈…〉 trauellers ibid. 〈◊〉 borne can attaine no higher ibid. It is dangerous to exâ—â— their equalâ— ibid. Their Iustice and proceedings in Law 433. Their 〈…〉 4â—5 20 ◠〈…〉 Cowards 4â—7 â—0 They 〈◊〉 forwards backwards ibid. Better to keepe a Castle then in the field 438.40 Their deiectednesse being taken Prisoners 441.1 Counted double dealers by the Tartars 442.460 They haue preserued no Antiquities 444.40 When Conuerted to Christianity ibid. c. And Conuerted by the Greekes 445.30 Their errours in Doctrine 452.30 Their Scriptures in the Polonian tongue 453. They hold other Christians no better then Turkes why 455.30 They vsually sleepe after dinner 457.50 459.1 Their persons described 458.60 c. Dyet 4â—â— Why the Women are so tawny ibid. 10. Their husbands allowance for Painting ibid. The mens patience of heate and cold ibid. Their Apparell for men women ibid. 460. Their wits and capacities 〈◊〉 scorne to 〈◊〉 460.30 They are all tyrants to their Inferiours ibid. Their beggery desperate begging ibid. Their dissembling incredâ—lity ibid. Russians they date theâ—â— Letters from the yeare of the world 755.40 758. â—0 Their Language different from the Polish 761.30 They account the Romish Religion corrupt prophane 767.50.60 768.30 They Petition the King of Poland to make his 〈◊〉 their Emperor 789.10 And that they mâ—y enioy the priuiledge of his other Subiects their miserable inconstancy 790.10 They fall froâ— the Pole 〈◊〉 offer their Empire to the King of England â—bid 10.20 They elect their 〈◊〉 Son Emperour who stands 791. Their
Christianos transijt hodiâ—que tenet Finis Aquilonis Pascatur terra Magna Hâ—ngaria * Scilicet in notâ—oribus illis Orbis regionibus Blaci Valachia Ilac Mare Caspium Montes Caucaâ—â— Cataiâ— Nigra vel Cara Cataia Cataia Nigra fuit Terra Presbyteri Iohannis de quo multa falsae nec falsitate minori transijt fabula ad Abassinos novumque dedit nohis Presbyterum Ioannem Africanum Turci Regnum Coir Can. Naiman populus Caracarum Villa Pascua Moal Tartari Cingis faber Cingis can Hocata-can Ken-can Mangu-can Tota Russia Tartaris subdita Cataia Nigra vbi fuit Presbyter Iohannes Terra Moal Terra Tartarorum Ornan Kerule Caracarum Ciuitas Imperialis Tangut Vacâ—ae mulcendae cantu ad Mulgendum * Mulgeri Tebeth Vid. ab Hak. to 1. ap Vincen. spec hist. 1.32 Solangi Catâ—ia in extremitate Orientis Vel Asprâ—olorum Descriptio Simiae Patriarcha Nestorianorum b Sic solus Abuna in Aethiopia ordinat Idolatrae Templa Campanae Rasuâ—a Castitas Collegia Sacerdotum Corda nucleorum Iugres Tebeth Tangut Catai Orientalis Chinaei vtuntur hodie eiusmodi pâ—nicillis characteribus Caracteres Philoso phici V.B. Spec. hist. lib. 32. Mat. Michou l. 2. c. 5. saith two of them went to the Cham but they were two others sent another way Iohn de Plano Carpini and his fellow whose story is in M. Hak. and in the said Vincent l. 32. Others call him Ocodai Can Bathu The foure were Ascelinus Alberike Alexander and Simon See a like distinction of Ethnikes Aug. in Psal. 113. V. Bel. l. 32 c. 90. * This seemes to be that Sartacâ— in Rubruq Ercalthays pretended Letter in Vincent c. 91. * Hee was Author of a great part of that history which is wholly ascribed to Paris by the most Dacia is here as often by later Authours corruptly taken for Denmarke The Dacia of the ancients comprehended Transiluania Walachia and Moldauia A Caluish conceit See Brierwood and my Pilgr l. 4. c. â— l. 5. c. 14. Crusados against the Taâ—â—tars A deuouâ— Queene and Saint King Diuine apopâ—â—hegme Emperour Fr. 2. this Leâ—â—ter to King Henr. 3. * An errour vsually such shadowes atâ—tend fame 〈◊〉 like the form of inclosed 〈◊〉 Iewes And iâ—â—deed the Taâ—â—tartars were 〈◊〉 base and so mote that they like 〈◊〉 ouerflowed the Earth 〈◊〉 wâ—re vnknowne yeaâ— thâ—n also 〈◊〉 sudden storm and vnknowâ— originall adâ—ding to that teâ—â—our 〈◊〉 which they then amazâ—â— and withall affâ—ighted thâ— Worâ—d as the Letters 〈◊〉 The Pope to haue his will against the Emperour exposeth Christian Princes to mutuall quarrels which he shold haue opposed to the Tartars neuer ceasing till he had ruined that Familie and the Empire Tartar Spies This Emperor Fred. â— married Isabel Sister to K. Henr. 3. Dacia naualis Malice maâ— Selib 8. c. 6 4. Neusâ—â—t * Of Baldwâ—â— conquâ—ring Constantinoplâ— and the Empire of the 〈◊〉 there 〈◊〉 hath gâ—â—uen a long 〈◊〉 course see so Knolles Tuâ—â—kish Historie sup tom 1 l. 8. * Called by bilfada Ismaâ—â— Sogdat and placed in Chirmia not Armenia on the North-side of the Euxine Sea Frier Bacon before cals it Soldaia in Cassaria Bâ—cara or Boghar in Bactria of which see M. Ienkinson They come to the Great Can. They are sent Ambassadours from the Can to the Pope Golden tablet vsed as a Commission vnder the broad Seale Acre or Acoâ— then in possession of the Christians see before l. 8. c. 4. Pope Clement the fourth * Another copie hath 15. x For the Booke was written by a Gentleman oâ— Genoa from his mouth and therefore still in Ramusio Marco is mentioned in the third person and not in thâ— first at least much of it waâ— so written anâ— the whole pubâ—lished by 〈◊〉 d The tenth that name Letters and Preaching Frâ—â—ars sent vnto the Tartar The Citie Clâ—â—menfu The adoratiâ—â— of the Tartaâ— Marcus 〈◊〉 made one oâ— the Chans Clerkes anâ— a Courtier Marcos Legâ—â—tiâ—n His wisedomâ— in trauelling to a farre Countrey * This 26. yeare to be reâ—â—koned to thâ— time in 〈◊〉 this booke 〈◊〉 written froâ— 1272. to 12â— as in the Relation appeareth The 〈◊〉 is that it was 26. yeâ—rs sâ— he began to a Courâ—ier They 〈…〉 Argon a King of the Indians Argon is a Nation of India And this King gouerned the same The will of Queene Bolgana Cogatin The manner of the Inhabâ—â—tants Giazza Turchomania Turkie Of the Georâ—â—â—anâ— Georgia Moxul Baldach Chisi Balsara Vlau Alau or Haalon Tauris Deuils Martyrs The eight Kingdome of Persia. Horses Asses The Inhabitants Fine distinction as in a Popish fasts Iasdi Camandu Oxen with a bunch on the backe Sheepe of the bignes of Asses Their Inchantments The Authors danger Ormus Parrats Their Ships An outward shell which growes vpon the Caco Nut and yeelds a thready substance A Desart in which is Salt bitter laxatiue greene water Cobinam Tutia and Spodio A Desart of eight dayes Iourney Timochaim Tree of Sun or Arbor Secco a Ricci Mulehet Aloadine the old man of the Mountayne Knaue-fooles Paradise * It is likely that the Assasines mentioned in the eight ninth Bookes were branches of this stock Disciples of his Syrian Vicar or this of them Large pleasant Countrey A Desart Sapurgan Pompions Statyra Balach perhapâ— in Susa. Thracian Salt-mountaynes Scassem Porcupines Porci spinosi Balaxiam Couragious Horses and vnshod Bucephalus-breed Bascia Chesmur Vochan Highest mountayne Pamer Beloro Caschar Carchan Wennes by bad waters happen also in the Alpes Cotam the name of a Prouince and chiefe Citie Peim Adulterous custome Great Turkie or Turcomania Ciarcian Lop. Desart of Lop. Illusions of Deuils It sâ—â—meth that the compasse was not then found out which of later times they vse in Deâ—sarts as in the Sea Sachion Tanguth The Sacrifice of the Birth-day The Rites of Funerall Astrologers Iouiâ—ll Lâ—ds Bâ—wdes to their owne Wiues Kind Cuckoldâ— This Chapter is not in Ramusios Italian Copie which I haue printed 1559 yet is it mentioned there among the Prouinces of Tanguth And I haue not a little trauelled in Trauellers to find this Salamander but haue found not a little no Midwife to my throwes which makes mee throw away that conceit Succuir Rhubarbe Of this Ramusio hath giuen a large discourse from the Relation of Chaggi Meâ—eret which had beene in these parts Camâ—ioâ— Christian Churches Idolâ—trous Monasteries Idols of diuers kinds The yeere of the Moone Their many wiues Ezina Carchoran vid. Rubr. of Caracarum The originall of the Dominion of the Tartars The fruit of a wilde gouernment Cingis goeth forrh against Vmcan Tanduc He consulteth with the Magicians Hee vanquisheth the Enemie by warre He dieth with the shot of an Arrow Cingis an Câ—n Caâ— Batâ—â—n Can. Eâ—u Can. Monâ—â— Can. 〈◊〉 Can. Alâ—â—i the Sepulcher of the Kings of the Tartars Their cruell custome of funerals The marriages of the Tartars Womens concord and industrie z Cosmos Their substance of Cattell Cottages The Tartars religion Painted Marriages Their war-fare The mulct
or penaltie of nine fold The maâ—kes of the heards of Cattell Bargu Meditae Strange Falcons This is either a coniecture or by relation hardly credible Night walking Spirits Ergmul Cathai Wilde Oxen of the bignesse of Elephants Muske Beautie preferred before Nobilitie and riches Feasants Egregaia Gog and Magog The Citie Sindicin Idifa Cianganor Fiue sorts of Cranes Xandu Hunting with Leopards A goodly house of pleasure A solemne Sacrifice Mares milke The Kings Magicians Shauings Austeritie Heère begins the second Booke of Marco Polo of which I thoght good to aduertise the Reader as for the Chapters the Latine and Remusio so differ that I haue leâ—t both and obserued our owne diuisionâ— Cingis or Chingis Can. Naiamâ— rebellion Caydu Cublaiâ— person described His Wiues and Concubines Vngut His children Temur The greene Mountaine Two Lakes Cambalu * The long storie of this rebellion is omitted Taidu Palaces The equalitie of the streets Suburbs large Burial without the Citie Haâ—lots of the Suburbs The number of the horse-men of the Courtiers The Guard Solemn feasts The order of them that sit downe Threshold threshing The Noblemen that carry dishes couer their mouthes The ceremonies while the King drinketh Consorts of Musicke The birth day of Cublai New Moone feast The presents of the men of Dignitie subiect vnto him The like Custome is still vsed by the Mogull as also the New-yeares day The twelue Barons The prayers of diuers Religions New-yeres day The white colour accounted ominous New-yeares gifts See Sir T. Roe of the presents to the Mogull The Kings Elephants The Feast A tame Lion The office of the Prouincial Hunters Tame Leopards and Lions Eagles The Masters of the Game Hawking 1â—000 Falconers The Kings Horse litter Toscaol The markes of the Hawkes The number and order of the Pauilions The huge price of Armelines and Sables Hunting forbidden Barke or Paper money Cambalu the Mint of money Postes and Innes The Romans also had publike Stables as appeares by Constantine Zos. l. 2. and Palladius who in three dayes would ride from the Confines of the Empire to Constantinople Soc. l. 7. c. 19. Foote-postes Die Post bâ—den Their Priuiledges Prouisions against dearth Fatherly Royaltie Hence perhaps the walk from Lahor to Agra was occasioned Their Rice-wine Coales taken out of mines a thing strange to Polo an Italian but common with vs called Sea-cole because they are brought by Sea from New-castle c. Aeneas Syluius and the China Iesuites haue told wonders of these black stones a wonderfull diuine bounty indeed to this Land and specially to this Citie Cans charitie to the Poore The Tenths paid to the Can. Weekly labour for him The Deuill an Angell of light Astrologers Tartarian computation of times Their Religion * Shattendo identi Opinions of the soule Their Customes Court reuerence An admirable Bridge Ramusio hath giuen a picture London more The Citie Gouza Parting of the way Tainfu Armes Dor and his Damsel-court The King of Achen and the Mogol doe likewise in part Caramoran Carianfu Quenzanfu King Mangalu Cunchin Achbaluch Mangi Mangi Sindâ—nfu Quian The greatnesse of the Prouince of Tebeth The subtill deuise of Trauellers Iustine in his 18. booke mentioneth the like of the Cyprians Aelianus V.H. the 4. booke chapter 1. Whose glorie is in their shame Corall money Eight Kingdomes of Tebeth Caindu Gadderi Cloues Ginger Cinamon The Inhabitants are Idolaters and Bawdes Money of Salt The Riuer Brius yeelding Gold The seuen Kingdomes of Caraian King Sentemur The Citie Iaci. Money of Stones Raw flesh Carazan Riuers yeelding gold di paiola that is washed in vessels from the sand earth Great Dragons The taking of them * Poyson and Dogs dung A wicked custome Cardandan Vociam The rarenesse of Siluer Golden couerings for the teeth * Strabo in his third booke mentioneth the same to be done with the Spaniards in some places Apollâ—nius reporteth the like custome with the Leâ—usâ—f â—f the Brasilians Tallies of contracts The deceitfull medicine of the Magicians * This by relation for they vse not to carry aboue three or foure His stratagem Fight flight of Elephants Market in a dis-habited Playne Change of gold and siluer Vnicornes or Rhinocerotes Mien The pietie of the Tartars towards the dead Bengala Oxen as bigge as Elephants Eunuches Cangigu The Kings many wiues Embroidred Gallants Amu. Tholoman Cintigui Cloth made of Barkes which are now vsed in Congo Great and hardie Dogs Sidinfu Cingui Pazanfu Cianglu The Salt of Canglu Great Peaches Ciangli Tudinfu Singuâ—matu Caramoran Fanfur King of Mangi which is now called China Chinsan Baian another Argus in the signification of his name Quinsai the Kings Court. The flight of King Fanfur * This name Mangi and China are so different that they may seem diuers Regions But the Reader is to obserue that China is a name to the Chinois vnknowne and that Kingdome hath appellations diuersly diuersified either from the Familie reigning which now is called Ciu and the Kingdome Min and Min Ciu are not farre from Mangi and by the Tartars when they reigned it was called Han and before Cheu which both put together make Han Cheu without any great dissonance from Mangi Or else by generall appellations common to all ages c. See our following relations of Ricci and Trigantiâ— Coiganzu The Salt of Conigangui * Terraglio Paughin Caim Phesants Tingui Salt pits Cingui Iangui Head of 27. Cities M. Polo Gouernour of Iangui Nanghin Mangani a kind of Engines It hereby appeares that they had not the vse of the Cannon Singui Quian Cayngui Hand-made Riuer Cinghianfu Tinguigui Singui Physicians and Philosophers Rhubarbe Quinsaâ— the Earthly Citie of Heauen O how much better is the heauenly Citie on Earth in grace more then most incomparable that heauenly Citie of Heauen in glorie ap 21. 22. The situation 12000. bridges The Ditch Ten Market places The high street The mayne Chanell The Markets Peares of ten pound Trades of diuers sorts A saucy Citie The Quinsaian Citizens and their conditions Great neighbourhood Pleasures Stone wayes Astrologers Funerals Warders Clocks Hospitals Larums Nine Viceroyâ—â— in Mangi 12000. Cities and their garrisons Fanfurs Palace Feasts 1000. Women in 1000. chambers Great Parke The Sea Gampu 1600000. housholds in Quinsai Reuenues of Quinsai the appurtenances twentie three Millions of Duckats and 200000. Customes Tapinzu Vgâ—iu Gengui Zengiaen Gieza Concha Fugiu Mâ—n eaters Quelinfu Hayrie Hens Vnguem Sugar Cangiu Zaitum Tingui where Porcelane is made Here begins the third book of M. Polo Ships of India Zipangu De magnis maiora golden fâ—bles and make difference betwixt his owne Relations and those which he had at the second hand although it be true of much gilding in Edoo sup l. 4. c. 1. 3. This punishment the Mogol vsed to Corsâ—roons Captaines and in many things you shall see Sir T. Roe and our Mogol Relations agree with these of Polo the Mogol being of Tartar originall Note for China
in China Ciaracar Paruam the extreme border of the Mogoll Aingharan Calcia Gialalabath Cheman Samarhan or Samarcand Bogbar Tengi Badascian Ciarciunar Serpanil Sarcil Snowie way Tangbetar Iaconich Hiarchan Catay-Carauan Precious Marble Mahamet Câ—â— King of Cascar Cialis * To vse as it seemes those words La illah illalah Mehumed resullalah the Characteristical note of Mahumetan profession * To Meccâ— ward Carauan Bassa See before in Chaggi Memet the like Iourney and the same places Voyage to Catay from Hiarchan Places in the way Goez danceth Caracathai the first place of the Tartars Conquest See before in F. Bacoâ— Rubâ— c. Acsir Cialis Musulmans that is right beleeuers Newes of F. M. Ricius and the Iesuits * In Pantoia and Ricius Names changed by the Iesuites Cambalu Pucian Turphan Aremuth Camul The wals of China Chiaicuon Sociâ—u in China Borderers theeuish Tartars customes in the borders * This 200. iâ— to bee vnderstood of the Westerne partâ— or perhaps all but so much is naturall of rockes or hils or Trigautius a Dutchman might meane Dutch miles The Map expresseth about 1000. miles The reports are diuers as from reports for who could see it all and what good would 200. miles doe which horsemen in few dayes might passe Diuers Embassages counterfeited Reports of trauellers to bee weighed Nouem 1606. Carauan commeth Singhan Goez dyeth Tartarean Tartars Isaacs iourney Chaul 1615. Ignatius and Francis canonized by Greg. 15. March 12. 1622. This happened in Capt. Saris his ship See to 1. l. 4. c. 1. p. 367. * See sup l. 9. c. 12. §. 5. and the last Chapter of my Pilgrimage 2. Cor. 10.4 See Sir T. Roe and M. Terry sup p. 1482. and 586. This Storie shewes that with Mogols Chinois gifts are best Conuertâ—rs * Adol Schulkenius Colon. A. 1622. Iun. 26. See before in Polo Conti c. the truth hereof Apoc. 18. Acts 20. Cit. pro Milâ—nâ— How little in comparison was Pauls from Ierusalem to Illyricum Letter of Xauier Deuill worshipped by the Chinois Canton Cangoxima in Iapon Paul had beene in India and was Baptised Seas tempestuous and Piraticall Xauiers zeale Sancian thirtie leagues from the China shoare Xauiers death See Vita Xauerij F. Pinto Eman. Acosta Mafferius Ricius c. * Since the Expedition of the Westerne Christians the chiefe of which were Franks to the conquest of Ierusalem A Peninsula is compasted with water except on one part Beginnings of Amacao Melchiâ—r Nuns Canton leâ—st Metropolitan Citie I take but a liâ—tle of his relation because you haue so much before Aiton Aitao or Haitao * So Pinto alâ—o but this is the Prouinces Armes not the Kings * Some Sects ackâ—owledge more others 〈◊〉 Valignanus Admiranda regni Sinensis extant with the Iesuites Epistles published by Io. Hayus Plaut Mich. Ruggerius Portugall trade at Canton by day and extrusion at night Rugg first entrance Ruggerius freed by the Hai-tao Ambassage of Siam Zumpim or Chumbim Mat. Ricius Fraternitie of Iesus Vice-roy of Canton Quamsi Sciauquin Bribe trickes Mat. Ricius Clocke-watch Iesuites first China station Three cornered Glasse Quam-cheu the true name of Canton Pasius dieth long after Iaponian Embassage to the Pope Edâ—dit Hen. Cuickius King of Bungos Letter * But that Hortus deâ—iciarum Anâ—lia was more worth then both Indies to the Pope See sup lib. 8. c. 6. c. This the most acceptable mysterie of Papall Faith Extract è literit Roma missis See the last chap. of my Pilg. l. 9. Popes presents Papall fauours with little cost buying much esteeme Pompe prescribed See of these Iaponian Kings and Rites my Pilg. l. 5. c. 15. Nabunanga Frenoiama The Bonzian Quanon and Popish Corpus Christi Playes like by Iesuites testimoniâ— Shauâ—lings Faxiba made Quabacondono Quabacu signifies the Chist of treasure Cos. Turrianus The 3. chiefe men in Iapon The Vo High Priest and Quingue A greater then they Meaco the chiefe Citie of Iapon Corai Organtinus Brixiensis Quiâ— tulerit Gracchos c. * The Dairi the titular King China inuasion Reckoning without his Host. Iaponian Theologie * The Iesuits Christian Religion alway by the Deuill and his accuâ—ed for a State-disturber Iesuites banished Iaponian workmanship Preparation for inuasion of Corai Corai described see my China Map * This is that Fâ—reisama of whom you reade in Capt. Saris and Master Cocke depriued by Ogoshosama 1592. Wide Riuer betwixt China and Corai 190. Iesuites China Embassage Huge Palace and preparation for entertainment of the Chinois Noximandono a Iaponian Pirat Prodigious raines Earth-quakes * Iaponian policy to keepe all the Lords about the Court for securitie seldome suffered to visite their Kingdomes China Presents and Letters * Chia an herb vsed in warme water in all entertaynments in Iapon and China Bish. of Iapon â—â—an Pastus Alex Vaâ—gnanus P. Pilo lib. 5. c. 1◠§. 4. See of his death tom 1. p. 407. Tâ—mâ—le of Scinfaciman Câ—pâ— Saris told mee hee saw it Sup. l. 7. in fines Ci-hien a Goueâ—nour of a Hien or Citie Iesuites supplication Ciai-yuen or Chaen Prouinciall Visitour Money brings the Iesuites to China and procures them residence Liuqueceo Viegas bountie Friars in China see cap. 3. Anno 1583. Sciauquin tower Temple and statue to Gouernours Ignoto Deo Wilde Christianitie Iesuites build a house at first meane after greater D. wanting to Chinois Images worshipped First Baptisme Fancies of the vulgar Tables of honour Chinois in Hospitall Portugals called Deuils Tenderdâ—n steeple Conspiracie False accuses truely rewarded Mathematicks and Map of the world introduction to the Gospell Chinois ignorant of the world Ricius his Map The world vshers the Iesuits Gospell Ruggers râ—turn Spheâ—res and Globes Linsitau Ruler of two or three Diuisions or Hundreds See that Bull. sup l. 2. c. 1. Gaine separates the subiects of one Crowne without separation of state Apply this to the quarrell twixt the English and Dutch in the Indies And hereby you see the Iesuites instruments of secular affaires Edw. Menese whose Booke you haue in the 9. booke tom 1. F. Edw Sande Antonie Almeida License for Cequian Strange course for names Iesuites change their names Almeidas Letter to Ed. Sande Rector at Xauchin or Sciauchin contracted Moilin The Linsitaus brother aforesayd Another riuer Way paued and populous Seats and Porters in the high-wayes Faquen Great Cities thicke Metropolitan Citie of Chiansi All this way is apparent in the new Map New Riuer Nine Tatis * These miles seeme to bee intended Spanâ—sh leagues Cold Region Papists and Paynims Ceremonies alike Ciquion Cuixion New Riuer Steâ—ilitie Sciaubin or Ciquion like Venice Prouincials Letter Fortie Chinois compared to 40000. Iaponian Conuerts Coellius first teacher to paint Vutan a holy place haunted by Pilgrimes New Conuert a false Knaue Martin whipped to death Manner of honouring good Magistrates R. goeth into Europe Priuiledged old men Their elegant Petition is whole in Ricius too long for this place Iesuites merit their exhibition by seruice to
Peter Basman sent against Demetrius reuolteth Tumult of the Commons Demetrius his Letter * Thus heâ— but others ascribe this murther to Demetrius his command and this selfe-murther was pretended to auoid enuy of the fact Death of Mother Sonne Emperor Boris his Mosco Patent translated whiles Sir Th. Smith was there Lot Law Thu. li. 135. The Iesuites first authors or fâ—utâ—rs at least of this Demetrius Sigismunds fatheâ— Iohn was impriâ—oned by King Ericus 1564. Cossaks Zerniga Putinna yeelded The Palatine defeated Cistercians and Ieâ—uits Demetrius his confiâ—ent Prayer Demetrius his victorie Bialogrod Leptina Seueria yeelds Boris dyeth Some say that hee had vsed with Aqua vitae to poyson others Neque enim lex iustioâ— vlla est quam necis artifices arte perire sua * Some say of 60000. men Basman yeeldeth Demetrius commeth to Mosco his pompous entrance Poles aduanced Clemencie to Suiskey Respect to his Mother Iesuits Embâ—ssage â—o Poland Promise of Romish Religion Demetrius his Marriage Both crowned Conspiracie * I suppose this should bee Gilbert for one Captayne Gilbert I haue often heâ—rd of in that place of seruice which writ also commentaries oâ— these affaires which I haue much sought to little purpose in our Merchants hands Bloudie day P. Basman slain Demetrius taken and slaine Conâ—umelious vsage Poles slaine The Queene Merchants spoyled Russes slaine Suiskeys speech He is chosen Emperour The Deuill is often slandered and by ill willers bad is made worse And so perhaps by Suiskeys faction was this Demetrius The former part of this intelligence I found in Master Hackluyts Papers the later by conference c. Son oâ— Gregory Peupoloy See Suiskeys Letter following Occasion of ambition Boris ill gouernment Demetrius Emperour He is slaine Suiskey Emperour * This might be rumoured Others say hee was not of that but of very noble bloud See sup in Fletcher and Thuanus Demetrius his person described Some say that he was not like Demetrius and that he seemed a dozen yeeres elder but perhaps they mistake this for an other after Pretender calling himselfe the same Demetrius c. as after shall appeare a deformed man Captayne Gilbert Buchenskoy Stones rare about Mosco Captaine Gilberts report of a Vision Another manner of his death reported Coluga I find him called Shoskey Suiskey Ziska c. the iust translation and pronunciaâ—ion being hard League with the Pole He taxeth the King of Poland Allegations against the pretending Demetrius A Frier A Clearke Magician Greeke Church Flight to Letto m George Demetry of Owglits His murther Buriall Letters to Poland Polish aides Smeernoy sent Crim Tartar Another Messenger Mutation of Religion Romish Religion and Iesuites Large Empire of Russia See before Popes Letter Slaine burnt Election of Swisky Miracles Sir Iohn Merricke New Parent 1606. Thu. l. 135. Polish insolencies Choosing by lot Suiskeys vices The like is told of K. Edward the fourth that vpon prediction of one to succeed whose name began with G he put to death George Duke of Clarence his brother and yet Gloster succeeded A printed book 1614. tels of a great man named Tragus which betraied by one Glasco was arrayned and to preuent the furie of Suiskey stabbed himselfe c. Cap. Gilbert * Thuan tels that fourteene horses were missing in the Kings stable on the massacre day and hence was occasioned a suspicion of escape c. A strange Iuggler English aide Sweden Title Forraine aides to the Russes 1200. Souldiers shipped from England Colonel Caluine A tempest Another tempest of the mutinous vulgar They land in Pâ—tland Fish cheape Ignorant Bores Iealousie of thâ— people Griffin a base coward and traitor to his fellowes A wise Gouernour Two Ships Hard vsage Effects of drunkennesse Cruell cowardise and base iealousie King of Denmarks bounty Elzinore Stockholme Misery after misery Captaines cozenage Finland Dispersing Distresse by Frost Their miserable march into Russia Want of meate and of Water Russians runne away Nouogrod Polake enemies They fled Sconce taken with store of Armes Poles cruelties most execrablâ— Pontus le Guard They meet An. 1610. Base Russe flight P. le Guard fleeth French flee English honour * Some say he had 100000. which is scaâ—sly credible Mosco yeelded Second Demetrius slaine * Vnder the Lord Willâ—ughby Gen. Sir Iohn Poole c. A. Iansonius quindecies mâ—lle vasorum pul sul Suiskeys imprisonment and death Poâ—ish crueltie Their reward Eaters of mans flesh forced to eate mans flâ—sh * The Polish Vaâ—uâ—d whose daughter married Demetrie that was slaine who now had recouered libertie Russia â—poyled by Tartars * The Polish Vaiuâ—d whose daughter married Demetrie that was slaine who now had recouered libertie Russia â—poyled by Tartars a Generall of the forces of Suiskey in the field A Dane borne see Doct. Halls Epistles Euan Vasilowiâ—h Suiskey now raigning Thoâ—e of the Citie â—nâ—ly c Lieâ—â—â—nders that inhabit there * The second Demetrius which was soone after slaine by a Tartar * 161â— in English account The Poles in Moscoâ—esieged â—esieged by the Russes English house burnt Master Sâ— Southeby Dan. 2. 7. 8 Ap. 12.3 13.1 2. 17.1 Iud. 17.6 18.1 19.1 21.25 Iud. 9. Popular gouâ—â—nment in Russia Demetrius supposititius secundus Demetrij primi 〈…〉 Palaâ—â—â—filia De Baptismo repetendo Ruâ—eck Pheodor Euanowich Boris Godonoue Gregorij Eutropio Rostrige Demetrij Euanowich Primates Lord Palatin of Sandomire Vasili Euanowich Suiskey The Wor. Coluga Other Wors or pretenders Iuan Peter Pheodor The King of Poland The Lord of Praemislaue Michael Salticoue The Articles are before in Latin Vasili Galichin Galechin Halusia a Wor or Pretender Lepun Saruski The King assents Klutzinsky a Wor or Pretender acknowledged Emperour Astracan Laplandâ— Russian inconstancy Many-headed body Ianson A. 1612. Gods prouidence permits not the vtter ruine of Russia Strange alteration of affaires by a Butcher Pozarsky chosen Generall and a Butcher Treasurer Boris Liciu Micalowich Son to the Chancellor chosen Our Kings mediation His Fathers returne and Patriarkship Ianson Sir I. Merikes negotiation Sir Dudley Digs was also sent Embassador in a troublesome time when he could not with safetie passe vp to Mosco for the enemie in the first times of Micalowich Obliuion of former quarrels Michaelo Pheodorowich Emperor of Russia Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden Great Nouogrod c. returned to the Russe Churches restored with their goods c. Sir I. Merike Ambassador Libertie of persons Time of deliuerie Odow to remayne cautionary Charles Philip Prince of Sweden not to lay clayme Zar or Czar is a Title of the great Duke Places yeelded by the Muâ—coâ—ite to the Sweden Money to be giuen to the Sweden Ordnance and Munition to remaine The coÌ„tract of V E. for Coreliu and the Territories confirmed to Sweden Commissioners oâ— both sides to meet The title of Leifland resigned by V.E. at Wiburgh Anno 7117. now confirmed Title to be giuen Commerce of Trade Merchants of both Kingdoms to haue houses and Churches in each
others Countries New Ambassadors in case of new successors Place of Ambassadors meeting Case of Shipwracke Neither party to aide the Pole e. Confirmation Names of the CoÌ„missioners Ambassadour from Catay and from the King of Altine See sup pag. 527. 552. None able to translate the China Characters Easterne Tartar Nations Russian Presents Tarchan of Labaia Sirgos Three Leopards c. for a Present His requests Relation of two Russe trauellers of their Voyage to Catay Tomo a new Castle beyond Ob. See sup pag. 527. Kirgis Mutalla Sheromugola Q. Manchika Wall of Catay The gate and guard See for better vnderstanding hereof Goes other Iesuites Relations in the second Booke * Such are the Tartars dwellings or fleetings rather with their beasts Their Iournal or daily iourneyes from place to place Huge Lake King Altine Vlusses or Tartarian Hords Yellow Mugals or Moal-Tartars Mugalla or Taâ—taria Orientalis from Bughar in Bactâ—ia to the Sea Their buildings Friers Idols Candles Candle burning withouâ— flame Rites of Religion Corne. Fruits People and attyre Distilled wine Cutuffs or Patriarkes Lobas or Friers Continencie shauing Three Kingdomes Ortus Talguth Shar Blacke Mugols or Cara Catay Shrokalga in Catay Walls of Catay Tower-becons Cara Catay But fiue gates in the wall Shirocalga Short Ordnance Yara Tayth Shirooan White Castle Catay greatest Citie of Catay If Catay be the same with China as before in Goes and the Iesuites is obserued many difficulties arise But this Russian Relation and that of Chaggi Memes seeme to agree to place some Catay North from China if this did not speake of the wall The Tartar names so differ from those of the Portugalls that it is hard to reconcile them And the Iesuitâ— make foure moneths trauell from the wall to Pequin which is here but a few daies except we say the Russes entred the wall at the North East part of it which the shortnesse of their iourney admits not Perhaps this chiefe Citie was but the chiefe of that Prouince where the Vice-roy resided and they were willing to make the most of their trauells Russiâ—a fide Yet the neerenesse of the Sea there also causeth scruple I suppose rather that these Russes entred China but a little way and receiued the Vice-royes Letter only there obserued with Ragall Rites and had much by Relation of that little which they tell How euer I haue here offered this to thy view at more leisure to vse thy more iudgement Merchants Kartalla Riuer Ob. This doth cleer the doubtfull passages pag. 760. Sealed with the Golden Seale How to finde out Ob from Pechora Ouson Riuer Vgorskdi and Sibierskie A shipwracke at the mouth of Ob. An Island neere the mouth of Ob. The way to discouer Ob by Sea Mattpheone or Matthewes land Aâ—ter our stile 1584. Caninos Medemske Carareca Carska Ob. Caninos Colgoieue Noua Zembla Naromske Mattuschan Yaâ— The Sands The two Seas that is the North and the East Sea The bignes of the Cliffe or Isle of Mattuschan Anthonie Marsh sent two of his men vpon the discouery of Ob by land with foure Russes Bodan Master Marsh his man brought to Mosco Russian iealousie of discouery A warme Sea beyond Ob. Mastâ—r Thomas Linde Third Volume of English voyages pag 446. See of these voâ—â—ges Hak. Tom. 1. Some thinke that the Mexican Kings Mutezuma the last professed that they were strangers were hence deriued D. â— Colon de vita patris Chrisâ—oph Col. 6.13 See Hak. tom 3. pag. 5. This Map some say was taken out of Sir Seb. Cabots Map by Clem. Adams 1549. Ramus Tom. 2. See Hak. Tom. 3. pag. 7 All the Coast to Florida discouered by the English from 67. deg 30. min. as he writ to Ramusio R. praefat Tom. 3. as likewise he was cause of the Russian and Greenland discoueries See sup l. 2. c. 1. W. Purchas Thorn and Eliot first finders of America Mosc and Turkie Companies Master Cartwright had bin in Persia and Turkie See the former Tome Buquhamnes Orkney The Start 59. degrees 30. minutes Faire I le Two small Ilands 57. degrees 55. min. no variation Variation eleuen degrees Westward No variation Guls and Pigions 59. deg 51. min. A great Iland of Ice Groneland A maine bank of Ice Black water as thick as puddle The Cape of desolation 60. deg 37. min. Store of Guls. America descried â—n 6â— degr and 30. min. Warwicks Foreland supposed to be an Iland The greatest hope of the North-west passage A current Westward in sixtie one degrees A current likely to set to the West A maine bank of Ice in 60. degrees The North coast of America seemeth to be broken land Blacke puddle water America againe discried in 63. deg 53. min. The loathsome noyse of Ice Sayles ropes and tackling frozen Thick fogge freezing as fast as it fell Mutinie 68. deg 53. min They returne froÌ„ the North. Mutiners punished A great Iland of Ice cracked like a thunder-clap and was ouerthrowne Great store of Sea Foule vpon the Ice An Inlet in 61. degrees 40. minutes The return out of the Inlet The variation 35. degrees Westward An Iland on the coast of America in 55. deg 30. min. The Godspeedâ— stroke vpon a piece of Ice Many Ilands The variation 22. degrees to West A Storme 55. deg 31. min. Variation 17. degr 15. min. They discrie the land again â—5 deg 20. min. A pleasant low land being all Ilands 55. degrees The variation 18. deg and â—2 min. Westwardâ— Temperate ayre Grâ—at hope of a passage 〈◊〉 three places 〈…〉 Rocks strangly vanishing A great Rocke A Whirlwinde taking vp the Sea They were entred 30. leagues into an Inlet in 56. degrees They returned for England This Book was also subscribed by W. Cobreth and Iohn Drew The lands end May 1605. Iohn Cunningham Iohn Knight of whom after Flecâ—rie Variation obserued A race of a tide Variation obserued Busse Iland wrong placed First sight of Groenland Cape Christian. The shoare full of Ice Cape Desolation Compasse varied Black water Sight of the Lion Iune 1605. Ilands of Ice Mightie incumbrance of Ice A mightie current setting North North-west A huge high Iland of Ice Noyse by the fall Our people determined to returne backe againe Former discoueries A mightie banke of Ice Another banke of Ice The Lions departing from vs. A mightie current Sight of Land Mount Cunningham Queene Annes Cape Queene Sophias Cape Christians Foord Our anchoring Our first landing in Groinland Our first sight of the people Boat of Seale skins Our entring into their Tents Eaters of Dogs Of the other sort of Boats There is one of these Boats in Sir T. Smiths Hall The manner of killing of their great fish or Seales Their comming to our ships Obseruation of the latitude Obseruation of the tides Our departing in the Pinnasse from the ship The Sauages begin to sling stones at vs. They sling stones againe Denmarks Hauen The people come againe The subtiltie of the Sauages My Boy shot with a Dart.