Conditions some of thâ—se that did being Imprisoned the Court and Camp being sadly affected with this loss The Provost of Edenburgh Sir James Stuart is in Town but keeps private lest the Wives in the streets should abuse him as they did Straughan and Ker at their coming hither the Lord Warreston who came as he pretended for the Records is not yet returned but stays in Town for he cares not to go back He and the rest of that Remonstrant Tribe are Summoned to come to Parliament Colonel Dundass Straughan and Captain Giffan with Abernethy Swinton and Andrews were else to be Excommunicated and Declared Traytors which was done January 14. Mr. James Guthry and the Earl of Lothian and General Holborn were generally suspected with Sir John Chiefly who are every day expected in our Quarters Rutherford and Gillespy are likewise dissenters from the present manage of affairs Ker saith his wound on his right hand is Gods Justice against him for lifting it up against us in such a cause as he maintained And so I will conclude all those Treasonable practices and fomented divisions of that Nation against their common Interest Having first acquainted the Reader with an occurrence of the like nature from the better mannered and necessity-instructed Kirk who yet would fain have been paramount and were most boldly sollicitous with the King to consent to some other Acts mis-becoming the Majesty of a Soveraign and the Honour of His Crown which the King generously and disdainfully refusing there flew such rumours and whispers as if some disloyal and dishonest Counsels were hatching against his Person whereupon the King privately withdrew himself to his Northern Friends and Forces under General Middleton till such time as a right understanding Hostages being given on both sides as to his party and theirs was setled betwixt them which was firmly and absolutely concluded in an unanimous resolve of his immediate Coronation which was solemnly performed on the first of Ianuary in this manner First the Kings Majesty in a Princes Robe was conducted from his Bedchamber by the Constable on his right hand and the Marshal on his left to the Chamber of Presence and there was placed in a Chair under a Cloath of State by the Lord of Angus Chamberlain appointed by the King for that day and there after a little repose the Noblemen with the Commissioners of Barons and Burroughs entred the Hall and presented themselves before His Majesty Thereafter the Lord Chancellor spoke to the King to this purpose Sir your good Subjects desire You may be Crowned as the righteous and Lawful Heir of the Crown of this Kingdom that You would maintain Religion as it is presently professed and established Also that You would be graciously pleased to receive them under Your Highness's Protection to Govern them by the Laws of the Kingdom and to defend them in their Rights and Liberties by Your Royal Power offering themselves in most humble manner to your Majesty with their Vows to bestow Land Life and what else is in their Power for the maintenance of Religion for the safety of Your Majesties sacred Person and maintenance of Your Crown which they intreat Your Majesty to accept and pray Almighty God that for many years You may happily enjoy the same The King made this Answer I do esteem the affections of my good People more than the Crowns of many Kingdoms and shall be ready by Gods assistance to bestow my Life in their defence wishing to live no longer than I may see Religion and this Kingdom flourish in all happiness Thereafter the Commissioners of Borroughs and Barons and the Noblemen accompanied His Majesty to the Kirk of Scoone in order and rank according to their quality two and two The Spurs being carried by the Earl of Eglington Next the Sword by the Earl of Rothes Then the Scepter by the Earl of Crawford and Lindsey And the Crown by the Marquess of Arguile immediately before the King Then came the King with the great Constable on the right hand and the great Marshal on his left his Train being carried by the Lord Ereskine the Lord Montgomery the Lord Newbottle and the Lord Machlelene four Earls Eldest Sons under a Canopy of Crimson-Velvet supported by six Earls Sons to wit the Lord Drummond the Lord Carnegie the Lord Ramsey the Lord Iohnston the Lord Brâ—chin the Lord Yester and the six Carriers supported by six Noblemens Sons Thus the Kings Majesty entred the Kirk The Kirk being fitted and prepared with a Table whereupon the Honours were laid and a Chair set in a fitting place for His Majesty to hear a Sermon over against the Minister and another Chair on the other side where He received the Crown before which there was a Bench decently covered as also for seats about for Noblemen Barons and Burgesses and there being also a Stage in a fit place erected of 24 foot square about four foot high from the ground covered with Carpets with two stairs one from the West another to the East upon which great Stage there was another little Stage erected some two foot high ascending by two steps on which the Throne or Chair of State was set The Kirk thus fittingly prepared the Kings Majesty entred the same accompanied as aforesaid and first set himself in his Chair for hearing of Sermon which was Preached by Mr. Robert Douglas A la mode the Covenant About this time the young Prince of Aurange was Christened at which celebration the States General of Holland of Amsterdam of Delf were his God-fathers and the Queen of Bohemia and the old Princess of Aurange his God-mothers and was named William Frederick Henry But this being over the King intended to march Northward to hasten the said levies by his presence but the Nobility and Gentry of the High-lands promising to effect that affair with all expedition he went no further than Aberdeen having more occasion to continue in the Southern parts to keep the newly re-cemented friendship betwixt both parties entire and from other new Ruptures and to countenance his friends who now were admitted into the chiefest places of Trust and Offices Duke Hamilton being received into the Army Earl of Crawford made Governour of Sterling Middleton Lieutenant-General and other Loyal Scotch Lords in Offices and Commands befitting their quality and to their seats in Parliament which was to set down the 15 of February the King diverting himself in the mean time at his house of Falkland care being taken to secure the Castle of Fife from any Invasion two attempts that way being already made in the beginning of February upon Brunt Island which nevertheless miscarried with a great loss of men but the want of Provisions the English then laboured under and their having hopes of plenty on that â—ide Fife being the fertilest and most abounding place in all Scotland made them every day contrive and venture a landing thereon and flat-bottomed Boats and Sloops were
Bishoprick and Deanery but he was of too great a spirit to relinquish either of them as being places conferred on him by Patent from his bountiful Master King Iames and so chose to pay the aforesaid fine which upon a new score was soon after doubled These harsh proceedings against him so exasperated his mind that in the troubles ensuing he openly sided with the Parliament In effect this whole years revolution as to matters of importance was concerned in Episcopacy But this smoak and smother in England concerning Ceremonies broke out into fire in Scotland these petty and particular discontents here being blown up there into a National dislike and abhorrence of them so that this here was but the forerunner of that conflagration there which afterwards laid waste Three Kingdoms And because of the remarkable and strange eruption and effects of it I think fit to give those Scotish Troubles their particular Narrative connext and intire together Which here follows The Troubles and Tumult in Scotland about the Service-Book Book of Canons High-Commission and Episcopacy THe great and long designed Union of the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland had taken its desired effect by the assumption of King Iames the Sixth to this Crown and the National feud between the two people thereof well allayed if not wholly extinguished being both as one body under one supream Head and Governour That King at his departing from that his Native Kingdom had left it in a very flourishing condition as ever it boasted of the State well provided for by wholsom Laws and the management thereof committed to the prudentest and most honourable of the Nobility the Church-Regiment under a godly and a learned Orthodox Episcopacy reverenced and well accepted by the people All things both in Church and State being well ordered supported and maintained by that accession of power and greatness to their Soveraign in this Kingdom that Nation continued in a firm and unvariable quiet till about the middle of the Reign of King Charles the first of blessed memory by whom as also by his Royal Father several endeavours were used for the better strengthning and perpetuating the Union aâ—oresaid by conforming the Discipline of that Church to the pattern of this Religion being the most sure and indissolvable tie and mutual security In the time of King Iames those memorable Five-Articles were made by the Assembly at Perth whereby the High-Commission the Book of Canons and other Rites and Ceremonies were introduced and established By King Charles the First the Book of Service or Common-Prayer was endeavoured likewise to be brought in it having constantly been used for twenty years before in his Majesties own Royal Chappel in that Kingdom before his Majesties Ministers of State and the Nobility and Gentry attending them And now all things appeared Retro sublapsa referri to precipitate into Confusion and Disorder the period of that peace was come which had so long blest that Kingdom Not that really and singularly that Book was the cause of those Commotions but accidentally ministring the male-contents of that Kingdom an occasion of revolt and disloyalty For the seeds of that Sedition were sown by the Plotters of the Covenant which was afterwards so magnified under the pretence of Religion long before any of the grievances or pretended innovations in Religion complained of by them were ever heard amongst them The true Original of these Tumults was a Revocation made by King Charles the first of such things as had passed away in prejudice of the Crown especially by some of the late Princes in their minorites by this course some of the principal Contrivers of this Covenant found their Estates within the danger of the Laws And though the King to rectifie that proceeding of his had made appear his clemency in waving all the advantages which the Laws afforded him not one of his Subjects being damnified by the said Revocation yet for all this the principal persons laboured a disaffection to the Government laying the envy of procuring that Revocation upon the Prelates who in this were as innocent as the thing it self onely because they hoped that the very name of Church-men or Religious persons should in the point of Faction have that operation with their followers which they conceived the Church or Religion it self might have had if they could have seen how to have perswaded them that by this Revocation either of them had been endangered Other things there were relating to the Ministers themselves the Gentry and their Farmers who paid the Tythes to the Nobility being the burthen of Impropriations This the King thought to remedy by granting out a Commission to a great number of the prime of all estates and degrees to relieve if they should see cause both the Ministers and others who suffered by that grievance This Commission was called The Commission of Superiority and Tythes which effected as to the agrieved its intended effect and for which all possible thanks were rendred to his Majesty Nor were the most of the Nobility unsensible of the advantage by this means to matter of profit but they fretted privately for being robbed of that Lordliness over the Clergy and Laity which by right of Tythe they enjoyed and therefore had recourse to the former fetch of making the Bishops when indeed it was obtained by the importunity of Clergy and Laity the Procurers also of this Commission The last ingredient to this bitter Cup which was prepared in Scotland for the three Nations was matter of Honour and Title For the King going to his Coronation there in 1631. a Parliament being called to honour the same wherein an Act passed that gave his Majesty power to appoint such Vestures for Church-men which he should hold most decent and another for ratifying all Acts heretofore made concerning the established Religion and the liberties and priviledges of the Church his Majesty finding some principal men who were suitors at the same time for the Dignities aforesaid dissenters to the confirmation and allowance of the said Acts did not confer such expected Honours but passed those by and justly advanced more Loyal persons at which they then muttered but mutined not till his Majesties departure Then they with Seditious private Libels taxed this Parliament with prevarication and obliquity in their proceedings as if it had been pack'd and also that the voyces were not truly numbred but that some Acts were past without plurality of Votes This being sifted by the Kings Privy Council there the Author was known who fled but the principal engager the Lord Balmerino was apprehended His Father had been raised by King Iames to his Barony and Fortune but for the most ungrateful of Treasons was condemned by his Peers His Son at his time fell into the same crime and condemnation but both by their Majesties favour and clemency restored to Life Honour Liberty and Estate But all these devices could not serve
Volume as would scarce be imagined In the interim of this March Colonel Rainsborough who had beleaguered Wood-stock and attempted it by storm with very great loss it being manfully defended and as well fortified had it at last Surrendred to him upon such Articles as manifested the Governours worth and honour in the acknowledgments thereby given him from his Enemies The King foreseeing that Oxford was the next place which they designed not to make his own Court his Prison what ever should be done by his Enemies if it should please God to reduce him to that distress resolved to withdraw himself in time to the Scotch Army who as was reported and generally believed had given him some assurance that not onely his Majesty but all others that adhered to him should be safe in their persons honours and consciences in their Army yet not to lay more upon them having so much already I can hardly credit it The manner of the traverse of the King is thus related He went out of Oxford as Colonel Rainsborough informed the Parliament who no doubt were well acquainted with it before for they had no other means to be rid of the Kings instances for Peace of which hereafter together that continually sounded in their ears so neer hand than to have him removed from so neer a convenience of personal accommodation in the disguise of a servant to Colonel Iohn Ashburnâ—am who was accompanied with one Mr. Hudson a Minister who for his singular Loyalty and fidelity was intrusted in the menage of that affair and for which he deserves a better remarque than this Chronicle can contribute or set upon him losing his life afterwards in the same Cause in 1648 in the Commotions of that unfortunate year By his Examination upon this business it appeared that the King came first to Henly then to Brainford and so neer London removed back to Harrow on the hill there being a general Training of the City-Forces in Hide-Park whither the King was expected to come General Essex being them in the field and his Majesty almost perswaded to venture himself into their hands but other Counsels prevailing he departed to St. Albans and thence to Harborough in Leicestershire where he expected the French Agent with some Horse to meet him and conduct him to the Scots but he mssing the King went yet uncertain and irresolute what to do to Stamford in Lincolnshire and thence to Downham in Norfolk from whence the examinant was sent to the Agent and upon his return they three passed into the Scotch Army where for the present we shall leave him with this account of it from the General of that Army to the Parliament at London which imported thus much That out of a desire to keep a right understanding between the two Kingdomes he acquainted them with a strange providence with which his Army was surprized together with their carriage and desires thereupon That the King came the 4 of May in so private a manner that after they had made some search for him upon the surmises of persons who pretended to know his face yet they could not find him out in sundry houses Trusting to our integrity we are so far perswaded that none will so far misconster us as to make use of this seeming advantage for promoting any other ends than are expressed in the Covenant We do ingenuously declare that there hath been no Treaty nor Capitulation betwixt his Majesty and us nor in our names leaving the ways and means of Peace unto the Parliament of both Kingdomes And with such twilight of language concluded This was the happiest oportunity that ever offered it self to do honour to the Scotch Nation who had the Peace of three Kingdomes but their own particular glory at their sole Arbitrement and how miserably they abused this advantage and how they debauched their duty to their Prince and their reputation to the World we will not descant upon since the Parliament of Scotland in the year 1661 have so passionately protested against the conduct of this business and have exempted from pardon whomsoever shall afterwards be found guilty of this most base and disloyal usage of the King of which in its time Before this adventure which the King would have avoided if the insolence of the prevailing Houses at Westminster could have been by any means rebated his Majesty had courted the Parliament to a Peace by several Letters and Messages from Oxford the abstracts whereof it will not be tedious to recite The first of them was soon after the aforesaid overture from the Prince by the Lord Fairfax and was onely to desire a Pass or Safe-conduct for the Duke of Richmond the Earl of Southampton John Ashburnham and Jeffery Palmer Esquires for their journey and continuance at Westminster being furnished with such Propositions as his Majesty was confident would be the foundation of an happy Peace To this Address if I may so term it though the Houses thought lesser of it as appears by their Answer they retort That had his Majesties intentions been the same with his pretences and expressions a happy Peace had been settled long since That they cannot agree to his desires as to the coming of those Lords and Gentlemen into their Quarters in regard the designe for Peace may be of dangerous consequence That they are in debate of Propositions which they will draw up and send to be signed by way of Bill by his Majesty This was in December 1645. The Reader will excuse this retrospection because we will repeat this transaction in its own series To this the King ten days after replies with more quickening Language That his Majesty cannot but extremely wonder that after so many expressions on their part of a deep and seeming sence of the miseries of this afflicted Kingdom and of the dangers incident to his person during the continuance of these unnatural Wars their many great and so often-repeated Protestations that the raising of these Arms hath been onely for the defence of Gods true Religion his Majesties honour safety and prosperity the peace comfort and security of his people they should delay a Safe-conduct to the persons mentioned in his Majesties Message of the 5 of this instant December which are to be sent unto them with Propositions for a well-grounded Peace A thing so far from having been denyed at any time by his Majesty whensoever they have desired the same that he believes it hath been seldome practised among the most avowed and professed Enemies much less from Subjects to their King But his Majesty is resolved that no discouragements whatsoever shall make him fail of his part in doing his utmost indeavours to put an end to these Calamities c. And therefore doth once again desire a Safe-Conduct This would not do neither the King therefore aggresseth them anothe way and offers a personal Treaty ten days after His Majesty laying aside all expostulations as rather losing time than
Aug. 7. Your Lordships humble servant THO. FAIRFAX To which the Marquess Answered thus SIR ALthough my infirmities might justly claim priviledge in so sudden an Answer yet because you desire it and I not willing to delay your time to your Letter of Summons to deliver up my house and the onely house now in my possession to cover my head in These are to let you know that if you did understand the condition I am in I dare say out of your Judgment you would not think it a reasonable demand I am loth to be the Author of mine own Ruine on both sides and therefore desire to have leave to send to his Majesty to know his pleasure what he will have done with his Garrison As for my house I presume he will command nothing neither know I how either by Law or Conscience I should be forced out of it To this I desire your return and rest Your Excellencies humble Servant H. WORCESTER To which the General replyed that for sending to his Majestie it had been denyed to the most considerable Garrison in England further than an account of the thing done upon the Surrender which he offered that for the destruction of his Lordships house and Garrison he should not have troubled his Lordship were it disgarrisoned And repeats inconveniences upon a refusal To this the Marquess answers that he hath twenty thousand pounds due from the King lent out of his Purse it is believed the Loyal Noble Marquess might have said four times as much being the richest and freest Subject the King had which would be lost if he in this matter should displease him alledges his familiarity with Sir Thomas his Grandfather in Henry Earl of Huntingtons time President of the North for whose sake he supposeth were it known to him the General would do what safe courtesie he could Desires if he might have his Means and be at quiet by the Parliaments approbation and not vexed with the malice of the Committees of that County to be quit of the Garrison and to that purpose expects what Conditions he will give The General returns that he will give such as shall be fit and satisfactory for the Souldiers to his Lordship and Family all security and quiet from any that belongs to him note that the Marquess was then excepted out of Pardon he will interpose betwixt his Lordship and the Committees that they shall do nothing without order from the Parliament to whom he hath liberty to send and from whom upon a present Surrender and submission to their Mercy and Favour he may presume on better Terms than if he stand to extremity Proposeth the sad example of the Marquess of Winchester who lost all by the same resolution For the twenty thousand pounds he may send to the King at the same time with an account of the Surrender The Marquess rejoyns and desires to be satisfied whether if any conclusion shall be made he shall afterwards be left to the mercy of the Parliament for alteration at their Wills and pleasures and cites to that purpose the Earl of Shrewsburies case and divers others whose Conditions were broken He knows that by the Generals Will and Consent it should never be but Souldiers are unruly and the Parliament Vnquestionable and therefore desires Pardon for his just cause of Fear This was Answered by Sir Thomas that what he granted he would undertake to make good And as to the instance of the Lord of Shrewsbury the Actors in that breach who were none of his Army have received their Censure and by this time he believes Execution The first result between them was at the desire of the Marquess a Cessation for six hours but nothing being concluded on the Army proceeded in their Approaches which were cast up within sixty yards of their Works when the Marquess was induced and perswaded by them within to come to a Capitulation which was in effect the same with others And on the 19 of August the Castle was Surrendred according to Agreement into which the General entred and had some speech with the Marquess and so back again to Bath There marched out besides the Marquess who cast himself wholly upon the mercy of the Parliament the Lord Charley his Son the Countess of Glamorgan Sir Philip Iones Doctor Bayly a Commissary 4 Colonels 82 Captains 16 Lieutenants 6 Cornets 4 Ensigns 4 Quarter-masters 52 Esquires and Gentlemen as by the Catalogue of them taken by the Advocate of the Army appeared I do not wonder the gallant Marquess was so loth to part with his house for not long after and 't is presumed from some thought sadness and trouble of minde of being forced from this his Castle and exposed to the fury of his Enemies he departed this life A man of very great Parts and becoming his Honours of great Fortitude of mind either Actively or Passively and to whom the King was much beholden He was nevertheless better at his Pen than the Sword and a great deal happier for he hath used that with rare success as some of his Works in print viz his Apophthegms and Discourses and Disputes with his Majesty concerning Religion do abundantly demonstrate He lived â—o see himself undone and a most plentiful estate spoyled and Ruined but anticipated and fore-ran that of the Kingdom which soon after followed Conway-Castle was taken by storm by Forces under Major-General Mitton to whom Sir Thomas Fairfax would have spared some Forces but he would have no partakers of his Trophies but those men he had raised himself and hitherto kept as a distinct Body pretending he had more men than money to pay them He also took in Carnarvan-Castle seconded by Major-General Laugborn his Country-man being delivered upon good Articles by the Lord Byron who had before so stoutly maintained Chester Ludlow was likewise delivered and Litchfield-Close to Sir William Brereton Borstal-house by Sir Charles Campian slain after at Colchester together with Gothâ—ridge So that the Pen is quite worn out with scribling of Articles and desires to be excused from further particulars Onely we may not omit Pendennis-Castle and Mount Michael in Cornwal taken during the siege of Exeter by Colonel Hammond which stood out still by the resolution and Loyalty of a right Noble Gentleman of that County Iohn Arundel of Treacise Esquire the Governour it had been blockt up by Land by Colonel Richard Fortescue and by Vice-Admiral Batten by Sea ever since the General departed no Summons could prevail without his Majesties special Order to Surrender whom the Governour was very instant to have leave to send to All the deficiency was in Provision and no Relief could enter save two Shallops who got in at the break of day at which time the Parliaments Shallops that in the night-time lay close to the Castle to intercept them drew off for fear of being discovered as they were so neer within the reach of the Cannon The
Newcastle what he must trust to if he will not comply with the offers of the Parliament If you refuse to assent you will lose all your friends in Parliament lose the City and all the Country and all England will joyn against you as one man they will process and depose you they will charge us to deliver your Majesty to them to render their Garrisons and to remove our Armies out of England and so both Kingdoms for eithers safety to agree and settle Religion and Peace without you to the Ruine of your Majesty and posterity and if you lose England you will not be admitted to come and Reign in Scotland We confess the Propositions are higher in some things than we approved of but we see no other means of closing with the Parliament And immediately thereupon Instructions are sent them from Scotland concerning the giving over of the King It had been debated in their Parliament and from thence sent to the Assembly for their advice by whom it was remitted in the affirmative and carried but by two voices in the Parliament and was accordingly transacted at Newcastle and London But the Scots were not so willing to be rid of the King as the Northern Counties were to be rid of the Scots of whom besides free quarter that Army had levied 20000 l. a month an unheard-of rate and a most unreasonable Several general complaints had been made but now they made up a charge of particulars with variety of imputation upon them which being also Printed the Scots Commissioners desired the suppression thereof or some other reparation which was as one may think well repaid in the sums of money they received upon this Contract which at first demand was no less than a Million but in consideration of a present round sum abated to 400000 l. whereof 200000 l. to be paid at two payments the first upon quitting Newcastle and marching beyond the River Tine the other upon the delivery of the King and their departure out of England and surrendring Carlile and Berwick to the performance on either part Hostages to be given The Scots insisted upon security for the remaining 200000 l. naming very conscionably and brotherly the sale of Delinquents estates but the Parliament would not so undervalue their credit nor prostitue it to their lustful eye cast upon so fair a partage of their Conquest nor buy the King and sell his friends The money they had was enviously enough bestowed on them being the sacrilegious rapine of Church-Lands then exposed to sale by Ordinance of Parliament but conveyed in pomp to the place of payment in thirty six Waggons six Regiments of the Army by the order of the General going with it for its Convoy and according to the agreement the first 100000 l. was paid at Northallerton in December Not to prosecute this subject further through so many diversities and change of countermines nor to touch on those irreverend Declarations from the Scotch Parliament and Assembly and their Reasons as unmannerly of not admitting the King into that his Kingdom it will suffice to say that at last they acquainted the Parliament having received their money that they were now upon going home and desired to know what service the Parliament would command them to the Parliament of Scotland which the King foreseeing and that he should be thus basely abandoned by them he betakes himself afresh to his sollicitation of his English Parliament wherein he saith That he had endeavoured by his Answer of the 24th of July last to their Propositions delivered him in the Name of both Kingdoms to make his intentions fully known But the more he endeavoured it he more plainly saw that any Answer be could make would be subject to misinformations and misconstructions which upon his own explanations he is most confident will give such satisfaction as to establish a lasting Peace He proposeth therefore again his coming to London upon security of both Houses where by his personal presence he may not onely raise a mutual confidence betwixt him and his people but also have all doubts cleared c. To conclude it is your King who desires to be heard the which if refused to a subject by a King he would be thought a Tyrant for it and to that end which all men did profess to desire Wherefore he conjures them as they desire really to shew themselves what they profess as good Christians or subjects that they accept this his Offer which he is confident God will so blâ—ss as to a happy Settlement c. A Reply was sent to the former by Sir Peter Killigrew one who had been the Parliaments Messenger throughout but none to this the two Houses being taken up with the business of disposal of his person somewhere else which was wholly remitted to them by the Negative Resolves of the Parliament of Scotland upon the Question of the Kings coming into that Kingdom That the Government shall be managed in the same manner and way as it hath been these five years last past and that fresh Assays and all means in the interim shall be used to make the King take the Covenant That if he shall do so yet the taking of it or passing the Propositions will not warrant them to assist him in England nor is the bare taking of it sufficient otherwise That the clause in the Covenant for defence of the Kings person is to be understood of the defence and safety of the Kingdom That if he refuse the Propositions he shall be disposed according to the Covenant and Treaty That he shall execute no power or Authority in Scotland till he do signe them and take the Covenant and that the Vnion be kept between both Nations His Majesty guessing at this their desperate and perfidious desertion of him had sounded their Commissioners then attending him in what condition or estate he was among them whether at Liberty or a Prisoner and put the Dilemma upon them If at liberty why he might not dispose of himself any-whither if in restraint what did they mean by his assenting and signing the Propositions which in no case could be valid or binding if agreed by him while a Prisoner To this the Scots had nothing to say but their Covenant with the English which they might not contravene and that according to the above mentioned Resolves which they now declared he was to be rendred to such hands as the Parliament of England should appoint who were expected every day upon that errand They further excused themselves from their reception and admission of his Majesty into Scotland from the danger and hazard they might incur his party being not yet so disbanded but that by his neer presence and advantage of his person they would resume their Arms and Courages and put that Nation in a worse broyl than before and for conclusion they told him they were in no condition to entertain him in that state and dignity
due to his person the Treasure exhausted and his Revenews eaten up so that there was but one way for his Majesty to turn which he might make hereafter large and convenient enough by a present speedy complyance with his two Houses at Westminster This made the King to look about him and to cast about which way to prevent and eschew this streight in which the baseness of the Scots had thus engaged him A design was therefore thought on of his escape from them but it was presently discovered and the surrender of him the rather expedited for the Scots were such honest dealers that having received their money upon the bargain they would not defeat their Chapmen of their purchase A wretched advantage to either the Scots never thriving after it but being totally at last vassalized and subdued and the Presbyterians in England every day growing less and less till they were swallowed up in the Anarchy and Medly of the following times and benighted in the succeeding confusions and Schisms We will leave the King thus in the Ballance between England and Scotland and cross over to Ireland of which little mention hath been yet made but shall now be remembred in its own series In the first four months of that Rebellion no less than 150000 Men Women and Children were Massacred there by the Irish Rebels an account whereof hath been published taken by the Rebels themselves lest they should have seemed more Cruel and Barbarous than indeed they were Some of these Murders were committed by old English Families Grafted upon Irish stocks and thereby became Roman-Catholicks such as were the Lords of the Pale who openly sided with the Irish and were their Chief Officers and Leaders The Earl of Leicester had been appointed Lord Deputy and he hastned thither but some difficulties intervening he by Commission appointed the Earl afterwards Marquess then Duke of Ormond to be his Lieutenant-General in that service who after many successful Encounters with the Irish whose numbers maintained the War more than their Valour though raised by the greatest incentive imaginable Natural desire of Libertie from the pressing Calamities of the Protestants there and the urgency of his Majesties affairs in England had concluded a Cessation by order of the King in 1643. Notwithstanding the Parliament-party and the Scots still carried on the War And to shew the Irish what they should trust to the Parliament in 1644 had Arraigned Mac Mahon and the Lord Macquire who a little before had broke out of Prison and after a months hiding were taken at the Kings-Bench Bar where Macquire insisted mainly on his Peerage but was over-ruled and both by a Jury of Middlesex-Gentlemen found guilty and sentenced for High-Treason for which soon after they were Executed as Traytors at Tyburn The Lord Inchiquin and the Lord Broughil condescended not likewise to this Treaty but with intermixed success stood out against the whole power of the Rebels and were at last greatly distressed To remedy this the Lord Lisle Son to the Earl of Leicester was now ordered to go for Ireland with an Army of 8000 men the Lord Muskerry was likewise General for the Irish in the Southern parts of the Kingdome who took several places of strength in a short time whereupon the Marquess of Ormond proceeded to make that Cessation a kind of Peace it being judged by the Lords of the Council there not onely an expedient for their safety for the Rebels threatned to besiege Dublin but also to divide them against one another the more moderate of them who had some sence of the Kings condition and had not altogether Renounced their Loyalty being for a composure but the Popes Nuncio and the inveterate Irish such as the Family of Oneal and Masquire and generally the Popish Clergy Opposing themselves thereto Notwithstanding it took some effect for the Marquess perceiving that no good could be done at present with the Parliament of England with whom he had Treated for supplies and assistance and had in lieu of it offered the Surrender of the places he held upon conditions to them and the Forces they should send came to agreement with the Rebels there and though the King had by his Letters from Newcastle ordered him not to proceed farther to any conclusion with them according as the Parliament had desired him yet seeing the necessity of falling into the hands of the Rebels or the Parliament and considering that the King when he writ this was in restraint and so his Commands might be dispensed with and that the Kings intention was to be judged better by them who saw the necessity of it upon the place and so not give way to other mens designs and false representations of it to his Majesty received these Propositions for Peace following being signed in November 1646 from the haughty Irish who thought themselves absolute First That the exercise of the Roman Catholick Religion be in Dublin and Drogheda and in the Kingdom of Ireland as free as in Paris or Brussels Secondly That the Council-Table consist of Members true and faithful to his Majesty and who have been enemies to the Parliament Thirdly That Dublin Drogheda Team Newby Cathirly Carlingford and all Protestant Garrisons be manned by the confederate Catholicks to keep the same for the use of the King and defence of the Kingdom Fourthly That the said Counsellours Generals Commanders and Souldiers do swear and engage to fight against the said Parliament of England and all the Kings Enemies and that they will never come to any agreement with them to the prejudice of his Majesties rights or the Kingdoms Fifthly That both parties according to their Oath of Association shall to the best of their power and cunning defend the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom the Kings rights and liberties of the Subject These the Irish insisted upon and were held in play that they should be granted with such Provisoes as should become the Kings Honour and Conscience of which if that Loyalty they pretended was any way Real they ought not to be less sollicitous than the Marquess and in the mean while the Peace to be as good as Established which indeed by the said moderate party was thenceforward observed as to his Majesties Interest in that Kingdom The Parliament to stop this Agreement a little before dispatcht away the Lord Lisle who weary of his Journey at his setting out was recalled but part of his Army was Transported with whom was Colonel Monck the after Renowned General who being Tampered with and for his Liberty having endured a long Imprisonment in the Tower for the space of three years undertook an Employment for the Parliament in Ireland The Forces shipped from Chester were neer two thousand accompanied with three Commissioners from the Parliament to the Marquess who having offered Dublin upon some Terms which they were to present to his Majesty for him to signe upon non-performance thereof on their part by keeping the Paper from
and to carve to the Grandees the spoils of the Kingdom which were to be secured by these misunderstandings But against these Writers there appeared a Champion of Loyalty Judge Ienkins who out of the Parliaments Wrath with the Earl of Cleveland Sir Lewis Dives Sir Iohn Stawel and others Royalists was Committed to the Tower and being brought to the Chancery-Bar refused to own the Court and the Authority thereof and so was remanded in Order to a Tryal at the Kings-Bench where in the meâ—n while he fully Answered all those Cavils against the King by Reason Law and from the Parliaments own words and Declarations ridling their nice time-serving distinction of the Kings Person and Authority his Politick and Natural Capacity to be a meer Fiction never heard of before and that their as bold assumption of the Kings Vertual presence in the two Houses was also and alike Treasonable as he cited in the Case of the two Spencers in the 7 of Edward the 2. from their own Oracle Sir Edward Coke in the 7 part of his Reports fol. 11. He then runs over the whole Case and state of the Question and Dispute betwixt the Royalists and Parliamentarians which being published incredible it is how greedily they were bought up and how many honest people undeceived so that His Majesties Cause was every where under the nose of the Faction well spoken of We will for the honour of that Noble person give this short and summary account of it as a Sea-mark to Posterity First The Royalists have aided the King in this War contrary to the Parliaments Negative Oath and Votes warranted by the Statute of 25 Ed. 2. ch 2. They have maintained the Commission of Array by the Kings Command against their Votes by the Statute of the 5 Hen. 4.3 They have maintained Arch-bishops Bishops c. from Magna Charta and many other Statutes 4. They have maintained the Book of Common prayer warranted by five Acts of Parliament in Edw. 6. Queen Eliz. for Libels against which and Church-Government some have been Executed 5. They maintained the Militia of the Kingdom to belong to the King from the Statute of the 7 Edw. 1. and many Statutes since 6. They maintained the Counterfeiting of the Kings Great Seal to be High Treason as likewise the usurpation of the Kings Forts Ports and Shipping c. from the said Statute of 25 Ed. 3. and divers others since and the practice of all times 7. They maintain that the King is the only Supreme Governour in all Cases the Parliament that his Majestie is to be governed by them The former's warrant is the Statute of Queen Eliz. c. 8. They maintain that the King is King by an inherent Birth-right by Nature by Gods Law and by the law of the Land These say that his Kingly Right is an Office upon Trust. Their warrant is the Statute of the 1 of King James and the 5 of Queen Eliz. 9. They maintain that the politick capacity is not to be severed from the natural vide Coke as before their Oracle who hath declared to posterity that it is Damnable Detestable and Execrable Treason 10. They maintain that who aids the King at home or abroad ought not to be molested or questioned for the same These practice the contrary Their warrant is the Statute of 11 Hen. 7. 11. They maintain that the King hath power to disassent to any Bill agreed by the two Houses which these deny Their warrant is the Statute of 2 Hen. 5. the practice of all times the 1 Car. ch 7. and 1 Jam. ch 1. 12. They maintain that Parliaments ought to be holden in grave and peaceable manner without Tumults These abet and keep guards of armed men to wait upon them Their warrant is the Statute of 7 Edw. 2. 13. They maintain that there is no State within this Kingdom but the Kings Majesty and that to adhere to any other State within this Kingdom is High Treason Their warrant is the 3 of King Jam. and 23 Eliz. 14. They maintain that to levy a War to remove Counsellours to alter Religion or any Law established is High Treason These hold to the contrary Their warrant is the resolution of the Iudges Queen Elizabeth and Sir Edward Coke 15. They maintain that no man should be imprisoned put out of his lands but by due Course of Law and that no man ought to be adjudged to Death but by the Law established These have practised the contrary in London Bristol and Kent Their warrant is Magna Charta ch 29. The Petition of Right 3 Car. and divers others 16. They believe what the Laws say that the King can do no wrong that He is Gods Lieutenant and not able to do an unjust thing These charge Him with the spoil and blood of His Subjects which false imputation was like the rest of their actions contrary to all Law Reason Christianity or Humanity This eye-salve made the wilfully blinde more peevish and fuller of smart and anguish so that they were resolved to have hanged him but he had so hedged up their way to it by upbraiding them with their former Illegal and Tyrannical Cruelty that they only kept him in a strict duress which was enlarged by degrees till the time of Restitution 1660 when he was in health and at perfect freedom He was a great stickler likewise in the Feud betwixt the Presbyterian and Independent siding with the Army and doctrinating them with the Principles of Allegiance which they pretended to and animating them against the Parliament by perswading them that all their Ordinances made for their Indemnity and Arrears were insignificant and invalid and were but so many blinds for the present and that their security and satisfaction depended wholly upon the King which designe of his in that juncture of time did operate successfully until the cause of the contention ceasing Cromwel having mastered and surmounted all the rubs to his designe the effect the ruine of both likewise failed Miserable now were the complaints from several parts of the Kingdom by reason of the burden of Free-quarter In the third year of King Charles upon the Expedition for the Isle of Rhee the Lords and Commons in their Petition of Right when not above 2 or 3000 Souldiers were thinly Quartered upon the people but for a Month or two complained thereof to his Majesty as a great grievance contrary to the Laws and Customs of the Realm and humbly prayed as their right according to the Law of the Land that he would remove it which his Majesty presently granted Yet now though the Country was ten times more oppressed no remedy could be had the Army under pretence of Lodging Fire and Candle taking all other necessaries for which if at any time they pretended to offer money yet durst none take it for fear of greater damage the spoiler being only triable by a Council of War This the Souldiers were taught likewise by their Adjutators to
God knows I do not desire to know I pray God forgive them But this is not all my charitie must go further I wish that they may repent for in â—eed they have committed a great sin in that particular I pray God with St. Stephen that this be not laid to their charge And withâ—â— that they may take the way to the Peace of the Kingdom for my charitie commands me not onely to forgive particular men but to endeavour to the last gasp the Peace of the Kingdom So Sirs I do wish with all my soul I see there are some here that will carry it further that they endeavour the Peace of the Kingdom Sirs I must shew you both how you are out of the way and put you in a way First You are out of the way for certainly all the ways you ever had yet as far as I could finde by any thing is in the way of Conquest certainly this is an ill way for Conquest in my Opinion is never just except there be a just and good cause either for matter of wrong or a just Title and then if ye go beyond the first quarrel that ye have that makes it unjust at the end that was just at first for if there be onely matter of Conquest then it is a great Robbery as a Pirate said to Alexander That he was a great Robber himself was but a petty Robber And so Sirs I think for the way that you are in you are much out of the way Now Sirs to put you in the way believe it you shall never go right nor God will never prosper you until you give God his due the King his due that is my Successor and the people their due I am as much for them as any of you You must give God his due by regulating rightly his Church according to the Scripture which is now out of order And to set you in a way particularly now I cannot but onely this A National Synod freely called freely debating among themselves must settle this When every Opinion is freely heard For the King indeed I will not the Laws of the Land will clearly instruct you for that therefore because it concerns mine own particular I onely give you a touch of it For the People truly I desire their Libertie and freedom as much as any body whomsoever But I must tell you that their Libertie and their freedom consist in having Government under those Laws by which their lives and theirs may be most their own it is not in having a share in the Government that is nothing pertaining to them A Subject and a Soveraign are clean different things and therefore until you do that I mean that you put the People into that Libertie as I say certainly they will never enjoy themselves Sirs it was for this that now I am come hither for if I would have given way to an Arbitrary way for to have all Laws changed according to the Power of the Sword I need not have come here and therefore I tell you and I pray God it be not laid to your charge that I am the MARTYR of the people In troath Sirs I shall not hold you any longer I will onely say this to you that I could have desired some little time longer because I would have put this what I have said a little better digested than I have done and therefore I hope you will excuse me I have delivered my Conscience I pray God you take those Courses that are best for the good of the Kingdome and your own Salvation Dr. Juxon Will your Majesty though your Majesties affections may be very well known to Religion yet it may be expected that you should say somewhat for the worlds satisfaction King I thank you very heartily my Lord for that I had almost forgotten it Introath Sirs My Conscience in Religion I think is very well known to all the world and therefore I declare before you all That I die a Christian according to the profession of the Church of England as I found it left me by my Father and this honest man I think will witness it Then turning to the Officers said Sirs excuse me for this same I have a good cause and I have a gracious God I will say no more Then turning to Colonel Hacker he said Take care they do not put me to pain and Sir this and it please you But then a Gentleman coming near the Ax the King said Take heed of the Ax pray take heed of the Ax. Then the King speaking to the Executioner said I shall say but very short prayers and when I thrust out my hands Then the King called to Doctor Iuxon for his Night-cap and having put it on he said to the Executioner Does my hair trouble you who desired him to put it all under his Cap which the King did accordingly by the help of the Executioner and the Bishop Then the King turning to Doctor Iuxon said I have a good Cause and a gracious God on my side Dr. Juxon There is but one Stage more this Stage is turbulent and troublesome it is a short one But you may consider it will soon carry you a very great way it will carry you from Earth to Heaven and there you will finde a great deal of cordial Ioy and Comfort King I go from a corruptible to an incorruptible Crown where no disturbance can be no disturbance in the world Dr. Juxon You are exchanged from a Temporary to an Eternal Crown a good exchange The King then said to the Executioner Is my hair well Then the King took off his Cloak and his George giving his George to Doctor Iuxon saying Remember Then the King put off his Doublet and being in his Wast-coat put his Cloak on again then looking upon the Block said to the Executioner You must set it fast Executioner It is fast Sir King When I put my hands out this way stretching them out then After that having said two or three words as he stood to himself with hands and eyes lift up Immediately stooping down he laid his Neck upon the Block and then the Executioner again putting his hair under his Cap the King thinking he had been going to strike said Stay for the Signe Executioner Yes I will and it please your Majesty And after a very little pause the King stretching forth his Hands the Executioner at one Blow severed his Head from his Body The Head being off the Executioner held it up and shewed it to the people which done it was with the Body put in a Coffin covered with Black Velvet for that purpose and conveyed into his Lodgings there And from thence it was carried to his House at Saint Iames's where his Body was Embalmed and put in a Coffin of Lead and laid there a fortnight to be seen by the people and on the Wednesday sevennight his Corps Embalmed and Coffined in
mens Fates did usher out what their devices had introduced as great Events never go unattended the Solemn League and Covenant first invented by Arguile and his Complices which had raised such a Combustion in the three Kingdoms was Sacrificed to the Flames by a Vote in Parliament the common Hang-man in ample manner burning it in several places in London which also was done all the Kingdom over with great Acclamations which being omitted hitherto when so often unwelcome occasion hath been given to recite it take it now in this its Mittimus A Solemn League and Covenant for Reformation and Defence of Religion c. WE Noblemen Barons Knights Gentlemen Citizens Burgesses Ministers of the Gospel and Commons of all sorts in the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland by the providence of God living under one King and being of one Reformed Religion having before our eyes the Glory of God and the Advancement of the Kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ the Honour and Happiness of the Kings Majesty and his Posterity and the true Publick Liberty Safety and Peace of the Kingdoms wherein every ones private Condition is included And calling to minde the Treacherous and Bloody Plots Conspiracies Attempts and Practises of the Enemies of God against the true Religion and Professors thereof in all places especially in these three Kingdoms ever since the Reformation of Religion and how much their Rage Power and Presumption are of late and at this time encreased and exercised whereof the deplorable Estate of the Church and Kingdom of Ireland the distressed estate of the Church and Kingdom of England and the dangerous Estate of the Church and Kingdom of Scotland are present and publick Testimonies We have now at last after other means of Supplication Remonstrance Protestations and Sufferings for the Preservation of our selves and our Religion from utter Ruine and Destruction according to the commendable practice of these Kingdoms in former times and the example of God's People in other Nations after mature deliberation resolved and determined to enter into a Mutual and Solemn League and Covenant wherein we all subscribe and each one of us for himself with our Hands lifted up to the most High God do Swear 1. THat we shall sincerely really and constantly through the Grace of God endeavour in our several Places and Callings the Preservation of the Reformed Religion in the Church of Scotland in Doctrine Worship Discipline and Government against our Common Enemies The Reformation of Religion in the Kingdoms of England and Ireland in Doctrine Worship Discipline and Government according to the Word of God and the Example of the best Reformed Churches and shall endeavour to bring the Churches of God in the three Kingdoms to the neerest Conjunction and Vniformity in Religion Confession of Faith Form of Church-Government Directory of Worship and Catechising That we and our Posterity after us may as Brethren live in Faith and Love and the Lord may delight to dwell in the midst of us 2. That we shall in like manner without respect of persons endeavour the extirpation of Popery Prelacy that is Church-Government by Arch-Bishops Bishops their Chancellors and Commissaries Deans Deans and Chapters Arch-Deacons and all other Ecclesiastical Officers depending on that Hierarchy Superstition Heresie Schism Prophaneness and whatsoever shall be found to be contrary to Godliness and sound Doctrine and the power of Godliness left we partake in other mens sins and thereby be in danger to receive of their plagues And that the Lord may be one and his Name one in the three Kingdoms 3. We shall with the same sincerity reality and constancy in our several Vocations endeavour with our Estates and Lives mutually to preserve the Rights and Priviledges of the Parliaments and the Liberties of the Kingdoms and to preserve and defend the Kings Majesties person and Authority in the preservation and defence of the true Religion and Liberties of the Kingdoms That the World may bear Witness with our Consciences of our Loyalty that we have no thoughts or intentions to diminish his Majesties just Power and Greatness 4. We shall also with all faithfulness endeavour the discovery of all such as have been or shall be Incendiaries Malignants or evil Instruments by hindering the Reformation of Religion dividing the King from his people or one of the Kingdoms from another or making any Faction or parties amongst the people contrary to this League and Covenant that they may be brought to publick Trial and receive condigne punishment as the degree of their offences shall require or deserve or the supreme Iudicatories of both Kingdoms respectively or others having power from them for that effect shall judge convenient 5. And whereas the happiness of a blessed Peace between these Kingdoms denied in former times to our Progenitors is by the good providence of God granted unto us and hath been lately concluded and setled by both Parliaments We shall each one of us according to our place and interest endeavour that they may remain conjoyned in a firm Peace and Vnion to all Posterity and that justice may be done upon the wilful opposers thereof in manner expressed in the precedent Article 6. We shall also according to our Places and Callings in this common Cause of Religion Liberty and Peace of the Kingdoms assist and defend all those that enter into this League and Covenant in the maintaining and pursuing thereof and shall not suffer our selves directly or indirectly by whatsoever Combination Perswasion or Terrour to be divided and withdrawn from this blessed Vnion and Conjunction whether to make defection to the contrary part or to give our selves to a detestible indifferency or neutrality in this Cause which so much concerns the Glory of God the good of the Kingdoms and Honour of the King but shall all the daies of our lives zealously and constantly continue therein against all opposition and promote the same according to our power against all Lets and Impediments whatsoever And what we are not able our selves to suppress or overcome we shall reveal or make known that it may be timely prevented or removed All which we shall doe as in the sight of God And because these Kingdoms are guilty of many sins and provocations against God and his Son Iesus Christ as is too manifest by our present distresses and dangers the fruits thereof We profess and declare before God and the World our unfeigned desire to be humbled for our own sins and for the sins of these Kingdoms especially that we have not as we ought valued the inestimable benefit of the Gospel That we have not laboured for the Purity and Power thereof and that we have not endeavoured to receive Christ in our Hearts nor to walk worthy of him in our Live◠which are the Causes of other sins and transgressions so much abounding amongst 〈◊〉 and our true unfaigned purpose desire and endeavour for our selves and all others under our Power and Charge both in publick and
make of any Exactions practis'd upon them by any of the Officers Sub-Officers or Clerks in the Navy-Office or Treasury-Office that if the same should appear to be true Justice might be done upon the one and Satisfaction given to the other About this time dy'd Mr. Abraham Cowley one of the chiefest Ornaments of this Age whose Immature Death succeeding Ages will lament when they finde what Treasures they have lost by his untimely Fate His temperate Life did not deserve so short a Period But Heaven perhaps thought he had done enough that could not well do more than make himself Immortal His Body was convey'd from Wallingford-House to Westminster-Abbey attended by many Persons of very great Quality over whose Grave has been since Erected a stately Monument to Eternize his Memory In America the French had a Design upon Mevis having drawn out all their Forces from Martenico Guadaloup and St. Christophers strengthen'd also with an additional force of their own and two Dutch Men of War being in all 32 Sail but being encountred by 10 Sail of the English who were sent by Lieutenant General Willoughby for the relief of the Island the English so smartly Encountr'd them that he Chased them home to St. Christophers Upon the Return of the English to Mevis they found Sir Iohn Harman newly Arriv'd there with seven Men of War and two Fireships who understanding what had happen'd resolv'd to fall upon them in their own Ports which he did so effectually that he burn'd their Admiral and six or seaven of their best Ships more the rest all but two were sunk partly by the industry of the Enemy partly by the Shot of the English Ships in which Service the English lost not above 80 Men with little damage to their Vessels From the other Indies two ships about this time arriv'd under the Convoy of Sir Ieremy Smith who having been cruising in the Streights the most part of the Summer had met with no opportunity of considerable action more than to keep the Dominion of the Seas However at length he made a shift to meet with two Dâ—â—ch East-Indie-Prises outward bound which he brought home returning into St. Helâ—ens-Road toward the end of September Nor did the Dutch at any time Triumph where the number was not too unequal as appeared by the success of six of our smaller Frigats who falling in with three Holland Men of War of 42 36 and 30 Guns and two Merchant-men to the Northward took the three Men of War and one of the Merchant-men being forc'd to quit the other upon view of a whole Squadron of the Enemy At home the King had notice of the great concourse of very many persons of the Romish Religion to the Chappels of St. Iames and Somerset-house and therefore gave order in â—ouncil That if any of his Subjects not being of the Families of the Queen or Queen-Mother or of Forrein Embassadors should repair to hear Mass or perform any Exercises of the Romish Religion that they should be severely prosecuted and such punishments inflicted upon them as by Law were provided And for the better discovery of such as were addicted to Popery the Lord-Keeper was Authoriz'd to issue out Commissions of Dedimus Potestatem for administring the Oaths of Allegeance and Supremacy in all places of England and Wales where they had not been already granted by the Lord-Chancellor The abuses also of the Company of Woodmongers were look'd into and upon frequent consultations thereupon had it was thought fit that for the conveniency of the Publick their Charter should be surrender'd which when they peremptorily refus'd to do the Atturney-General was order'd to proceed against them by Quo Warranto and by Information in the Crown-Office The City began to rise with more splendor now than ever which the King to forward as much as in him lay as soon as the Foundation of the Royal Exchange was appointed to be laid was pleased to be present and assisting at the Solemnity His Majesty there placing the first Stone with the usual Ceremonies Not long after the Duke of York attended with several persons of Honour went into the City and being honourably receiv'd by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen with the usual Ceremonies upon such occasions laid the first Stone for a second Pillar which gave so great an encouragement to the Workmen that never did so large a Structure go on with greater Vigour The remaining part of the Year was more for Counsel than Action And therefore the King for the better regulating affairs for the future among other Important parts thereof taking into his consideration the ways and methods of managing matters at the Council-Board establish'd several standing Committees for several businesses with regular daies for their Assembling And not content to have Peace at home His Majesty to shew himself a Mediator among his Neighbours sent his Embassador the Earl of Sandwich on that Grand Errand of making Peace between Spain and Portugal who soon after he had his dispatches arriv'd at Lisbon He no sooner had had his Audience but upon the resignation of the former King the Infanta his Brother took possession of the Scepter However so well he manag'd his employ that in a short while after the Articles were fully agreed on between the two Crowns of Spain and Portugal and the Ratification mutually exchang'd between the said Embassador of England and the Spanish and Portugueze Commissioners and soon thereupon publish'd both at Madrid and Lisbon The Insolencies of private Men of War were about this time very great and therefore the King taking into consideration as well the safeguard and protection of his own Subjects as of his Allies the disturbances of Commerce and the diminution of his own Revenues in his own Ports and Harbours set forth a Proclamation commanding an inviolable Tâ—uce and Cessation in his own Ports Havens and Roads That his Subjects by Sea and Land should do their utmost to hinder the roving and hovering of any Men of War neer the Entry of any of his Ports or Harbours That if any Men of War of one side came into any Port where were Merchant-men of another party the Merchant-men should be suffer'd to depart two Tides before the Men of War That no Privateer with forrein Commission should stay above 24 hours in any of his Majesties Ports or Harbours That none of his Majesties Subjects should contract or deal with any forrein Man of War That no Mariner or Officer being the King 's Subject should presume to put himself into the service of any forrein Prince or State Toward the beginning of this Moneth the Paâ—â—â—ament according to their Adjournment met At which time the King coming to the House of Lords directed his Speech to both Houses telling them that he had made a League Defensive with the States of the Vnited Provinces with a League also for an Efficacious Mediation of Peace betwixt the two Crowns
room But now to take the charge from-both the Lord Roberts arrives at Dublin Upon the news of this change the Lord Mayor and Aldermen the Provost of the Colledge the Dean of Christ-Church and most of the Clergy attended the Lord Ossory where the one acknowledged the many benefits which the City had received from the Government of his Father and himself the other the many benefits which the Church had enjoy'd as well by their good Examples as by the plentiful provision made them by the Clergy The reception of the new Lord-Deputy was intended to have been made with much State and Solemnity but he waving those publick Honours met the Lord-Deputy and the Council at the Council-Chamber the same Evening after his arrival where after he had taken the usual Oath the Lord-Deputy deliver'd him the Sword He was no fooner enter'd upon his Government but he issu'd out a Proclamation commanding all Governors and Officers to repair to their several Charges and Duties not admitting any dispâ—nsation to the contrary London had long layn in Ashes and the Confluence of all the World had been as long confin'd within the narrow limits of a Colledge-Court but now again the Merchants to their great satisfaction and the lasting Merits of Sir William Turner then Lord Mayor whose indâ—â—aâ—igable paâ—â— and zeal was Eminent in advancing and forwarding so great a Work met in the Royal Exchange a Fabrick equal to the Honour of the Undertakers and holding a true proportion with the rest of the Goodly Buildings of the Reviving City But now men began to listen after things a higher Nature seeing both Houses of Parliament again Assembled upon the 19th of October The King in a Speech acquainted them With his joy to see them at that time and the hopes he had of a happy meeting which he promis'd himself from the great experience he had of their Affection and Loyalty of which he did not doubt the Continuance briefly minding them of his Debts which though pressing he was unwilling to call for their Assistance till this time acquainâ—ing them also that what they last gave was wholly apply'd to the Navy and to the Extraordinary Fleet for which it was intended desiring they would now take his Debts effectually into their Consideration Afterwards hinting to them a Proposal of great Importance concerning the Vniting of England and Scotland which because it requir'd some length he left that and some other things to the Lord Keeper to open more fully which was by him done and then both Houses Adjourn'd At the beginning of November both Houses in pursuance of a Vote which they had made attended the King in the Banqueting House where the Lord Chief Justice Vaughan supplying the Room of the Lord Keeper in the name of both Houses return'd their Humble Thanks to the King for his Care of the Publick in Issuing out his Proclamation for the suppressing of Conventicles Humbly desiring his Majesty to continue the same care for the future In Reply to which his Majesty return'd an Answer to the satisfaction of both Houses But now Christmas drawing near and having sate above a Month without effecting any thing of consequence the Lords sent the Usher of the Black-Rod to the House of Commons to tell them That by Vertue of the King's Commission they desird their Attendance who Attending accordingly with their Speaker the Commission was read and the Parliament Prorogu'd till the 24th of February next ensuing At the same time that the Parliament of England sate at Westminster the Parliament of Scotland sate at Edenburgh where the Earl of Lauderdale having taken the Chair of State as Lord Commissioner of Scotland the Earls Commission was first read and then the doubtful Elections of Members refer'd to Examination That done the Kings Letter to the Parliament was twice read seconded by a shorter from the Lord Chancellor perswading them to a concurrence with the King in his Design of Uniting the Two Kingdoms Then they proceeded to Elect the Lords of the Articles the Bishops choosing Eight Bishops and those Eight Eight of the Nobility and these Sixteen making choice of Eight Knights and as many Burgesses by whom all Affairs were to be prepar'd for the House During this Session they Publish'd an Act for the Naturalization of Strangers within the Kingdom of Scotland Declaring that all Strangers of the Protestant Religion that should think fit to bring their Estates into the said Kingdom or should come to set up new Works and Manufactures therein should be Naturaliz'd as Native-Born Subjects of that Kingdom to all intents and purposes The King farther Declaring That upon application by such Strangers made to him he would grant them the free and publick use of their Religion in their own Language and the Libertie of having Churches of their own However no persons were to have the benefit of the said Act till first by Petition to the Lords of the Privy-Council containing an exact designation of their Names and places of Birth and former residences and that tâ—ey be of the Protâ—stant Religion They also made another Act asserting his Majesty's Supremacy over all persons and in all Causes Ecclesiastical By Sea little was this Year done only Sir Thomas Allen being again sent with a Squadron of Ships about the beginning of August came before Argier and sending in his Boat began to Treat they in Argier seem'd willing to make restitution of such Money as they had taken from an English ship bound for the East-Indies but not agreeing to some other demands the Treaty prov'd ineffectual thereupon he began actual Hostility seizing a Bark laden with Corn which rode in the Bay with eleven Moors and a Brigantine which he took in view of the Town From hence having done little or nothing else considerable he set sail for Tripoly the Bashaw of which place sent him an assurance of his readyness to prâ—serve Peace and a good Correspondence with the King of Great Britain And after a short crusing up and down in those Seas he return'd for Cadiz where this Year leaves him But being now so neer the English Territories at Tangier the King of England's Embassador Mr. Henry Howard must not be forgot who being sent by the King his Embassador Extraordinary to the Emperour of Morocco at that time Taffalette by vertue of his new Conquests was now arriv'd at Tangier but understanding the danger of hazarding his person among those Barbarians stay'd at that place expecting a sufficient strength to convoy and conduct him to his place of Audience In November he receiv'd his Safe-Conduct with an assurance from the Emperour that he should not fail of receiving all satisfaction in order to whatsoever he should desire for his security and that he had already caus'd Justice to be done to such as were found guilty of giving any affronts to his people And true it was that he caus'd all the English which were taken by the
Windsor castle Th. Andrews Anth. Stapely Th. Horton Recruit to the Long Parl. John Fry a Yeoman of Dorsetshire an Arrian Thom. Hammond Bâ—other to Dr. Hammond the Kings Iaylor Isaac Pennington Lord Mayor of London Simon Meyne of Buckinghamshire died in the Tower Sir Hardress Waller a Souldier of Fortune Will Hâ—veningham Esq 〈◊〉 antient Family in Suffolk Henry Marten Owen Row a Silk-man of London Augustine Garland a person relating to the Law Henry Smith one of the Six Clerks in Chancery Robert Titchbourn Lord Mayor of London George Fleetwood James Temple Thomas Wait. Peter Temple a London Linneâ—-draper Bâ—â—gesâ— for Leicester Robert Lilburn Brother to John Lilburn Gilbert Millington a Lawyer Vincent Potter an upstart Member John Downs a Citizen of London and a Colonel Thomas Wogan an obscure person John Lisle a Gentleman and Lawyer President of several High Courts of Iustice. Will. Say Esq. a Lawyer and Deputy-speaker of the House of Commons Valentine Walton Brother in law to Cromwel and Governour of Lyn. Edward Whaley a Wollen-draper his Family of Nottinghamshire a good souldier Edm. Ludlow the son of a Traytor a daring souldier Sir Michael Livesey of Kent John Hewson a Shoo-maker dead in Exile a bold Commander Will. Goffe a Salters Apprentice and a bold Commander Cor. Holland a servant to Sir Hen. Vane Thomas Challoner a great speech-maker against the K. Will. Cawley a Brewer of Chichester Nic. Love son to Dr. Love of Winchester John Dixwel Governour of Dover Castle Daniel Blagrave a recruit for Reading Daniel Broughton a Clerk Edward Dendy Serjeant at Arms. John Hutchison fined Francis Lassels fined Lord Munson Ja Challoner Esq. Sir Hen. Mildmay Ro. Wallop Esq. Sir Ja Harrington and John Phelps their Estates Forfeited drawn to Tyburn and Imprisoned during life The High Court of Iustice sits Jan. 20. A crimson Velvet-chair and Cushion for the President Silence made the Hall-gate set open Col. Thomlinson commanded to bring his prisoner He is brought to the Bar a chair of crimson-Velvet set for him Silence made the Act for the Tryal of Charles Stuart King of England read The Names of the Commissioners read The Presidens speech to the King Cook Solicitor-General offers to speak is forbid by the King He proceeds The Charge read President demands the Kings Answer His Majesty refuseth to Answer and disowns the Authority of the Court. Proves his Title to the Crown by succession not Election Is prevented by the Presidents insolent rebukes Who urgeth for an Answer The King still refuseth demanding their Authority The President answers their Authority is Gods and the Kingdoms The Court riseth The head of the Kings staff falls down â—e stoops and takes it up Some cry God save the King others Iustice and Execution by Axtels directions The Court sits the King comes in the people shout Solicitor moves for the Kings Answer President insists upon it His Majesty still denies the Authority of the Court. Refuseth to plead and offers to shâ—w his Reasons Here the King would have delivered his Reasons but was not suffered His Majesty presseth to shew his Reasons but cannot be permitted He desires to Demur He is over-ruled by the Court and Interrupted The Cleâ—k reâ—d The Guards charged to take away their Prisoner The Court order the default and contempt to be Recorded The King guarded to Sir Ro. Cottons The Court adjourns The Court sits again The King comes The Sollicitor moves the Court for Iudgement The Presidents speech in behalf of the Court he demands a positive answer from the King His Majesty desires to speak for the Liberties of the people but is not permitted till he gives his Answer to Guilty or not Guilty 〈…〉 to give any particular answer desires 〈◊〉 to shew his Reasons is interrupted again and again The Clerk reads His Majesty justifies his proceedings and refuseth to Answer to the Charge The Guards ordered to take charge of their Prisoner The King goes forth and the Court adjourns His Majesties Reasons against the Iurisdiction of the Court which be intended to speak in Court but was hindered No proceeding just but what is warranted by the Laws of God or man No Impeachment can lie against the King The House of Commons cannot erect a Court of Iudicature Nor are the Membeâ—â— of this House Coâ—â—issioned by the people of England The Priviledges oâ—â—aâ—liameâ—t Violated The higher House excluded and the major part of the lower deterred from sitting The frame of Government chaâ—ged The Court sits Silence commanded The King comes the souldiers cry for Iustice. His Majesty desires to be heard but not permitted The Court withdraws Serejant at Arms withdraws the King The Court returns resolving to proceed The King brought into the Court he urgeth to be heard and adviseth the Court against a haâ—ty Iudgement The Presidents speech in defence of the Courts proceedings His Majesty is interrupted Silence commanded the Sentence read The Charge read The King required to give his Answer he refuseth The King guarded awaâ— He is abused by the Souldiers disturbed in his Devotions His admirable patience He desires to see his Children and Doctor Juxon The King tempted with new Proposals from some Grandees of the Army B. Juxon preacheth before him at Saint James ' s. His Maj. giveth his Blessing to the Duke of Gloucester and the Lady Elizabeth His pious advice to them The Duke of Gloucester 's reply The Lady Elizabeths Relation of what passed between his Majesty and her He adviseth her to read Bp. Andrew 's Sermons Hookers Policy and Bp. Laud against Fisher. A Committee appointed to consider of the time and place for Execution They agree upon the open street before White-hall the morrow following The Waâ—raâ—â— for the Kings Exâ—â—utâ—â—â— Sigâ—â—d by Joh. Bradshaw Tho Gray Ol. Cromwel 〈◊〉 to Col. Fâ— Hacker 〈◊〉 Hunks anâ— Liâ—â— Coâ—oâ—el â—hray Factious Ministers appointed to attend the King he refuseth to confer with them Bp. of London readeth prayers to him and administers the Sacrament The King brought to White-hall Mr. Seymor presents his Majesty with a Letter from the Prince The Kings friends â—arbarously uâ—â—d Engines to force the King 〈…〉 had â—â—sâ—ted His Majesty had â—ot spoâ—en bâ—t that â—therwise he might be thought to submit to the guilt Hâ— began not 〈◊〉 War spanâ— Hoâ—sâ—s His Majesâ—y lays not the 〈…〉 the two 〈◊〉 iâ—l â—â—struments the cauâ—e of it 〈…〉 Sentence puâ—â—shed with another His Majesty forgives all the world evâ—â— the caâ—sers 〈◊〉 his death 〈…〉 waâ— to Pâ—ace Conquest an ill way seldom 〈◊〉 To give God his due and the Kâ—ng his 〈◊〉 is the right way Give God his due in setâ—ing the Church As to the King it concerning 〈◊〉 hiâ— Majesty â—aves it Peoples Liberty consiâ—â—s in having Government not sâ—aring in it His Majesty the Martyr of the People His Majestie deâ—â—ares hâ—s Râ—ligioâ— * Afterwards Sir William Clerk The King makes ready for Execution Dr. Juxon comforts him It is known for to give it the Prince His Majesty
to that Tribunal he could find no Sanctuary being threatned instantly with death Upon report of this outrage the Earls of Traquair and Wigton came with their followers to his relief where with much ado they got entrance but found themselves in no better case than the Bishop the peoples rage being thereby the more increased The Lords and the Bishop being thus beset sent privately to the Lord Provost and Bailiffs of Edinburgh for relief who sent them word that they themselves were in the same condition if not worse if the Lords attempted not to appease the people who had forced them in their Council-House for fear of their lives to subscribe a Paper then instantly presented them which contained three particulars First that they should joyn with them in opposition to the Service-book and in petitioning to the King Secondly that by their Authority they should restore Mr. Ramsey and Mr. Rolloch two lately silenced Ministers Thirdly that they should restore one Mr. Henderson a silenced Reader which three persons were notable Ringleaders of the faction three most important grounds for so fearful a Commotion Thereupon the Lords resolved to go and confer with the Magistrates and either by their authority or perswasion to reduce the people to obedience and reason but all in vain for at their return re infecta to the Council-Table again they were set upon the Earl of Traquair being troden down losing his white Staff the Ensign of his Office of Treasurer with his Hat and Cloak and so with much ado got back again to the Council who seeing the impendent danger from the fury of the people were forced to apply themselves to some Noblemen who were of the faction by whose influence upon and respects from the people they with the aforesaid Bishops were conveyed to their respective dwellings but the Provost was pursued with threats rayling and danger unto the yard of his own house This Mornings storm being blown over another Proclamation was made against further unlawful Assemblies and meeting in the streets of that City under the most severe pains the Laws in those Cases had provided but so little regard was thereunto given that the next day they demanded of the Lords what they had demanded of their Magistrates and to that purpose two Petitions as well from the Rabble as also now from greater hands the chief Citizens Gentry and Nobility were presently tendred to the Lord Chancellour of that Kingdom which imported the whole substance of the present Commotion the English Service-book still bearing the burthen Withal in this last petition making their greivances swell adding their dislike of the book of Canons to their former distast of the Service-book so one demand ushered in another till they had nothing to ask but what they resolved to take the parallel of our troubles These petitions were afterwards sent up to the King who by a Proclamation resented the injuries and affronts done his Royal Authority by those attemps upon his chief Ministers and also declared his firm intentions to maintain the Protestant Religion commanding also all persons to forbear further meetings and petitions of this nature upon pain of treason But this Proclamation was encountred with a Protestation made by the Earls of Hume and Lindsey two great Covenanters who avowed therein the whole action with a resolution added to adhere to them to the last requiring also some of the Bishops to be removed from his Majesties Councel and such other more unreasonable expostulations which yet came short still of those that they made afterwards their number and power still increasing their peremptory and haughty designes upon the Government Soon after this sedition began to arm it self and assume another name they of the faction took the authority of the Kingdom to themselves erected four Tables as they called them of the four ranks of Noblemen Gentry Burgesses and Ministers out of all which was formed one general Table that was supreme This Table after some consultation and reports from the other resolved upon a Covenant to be taken throughout the Kingdom which for substance was the same with that Solemn League afterwards taken in England onely Bishops in express terms were not therein then abjured but implicitely no doubt included and more plainly their sitting in civil Judicatories The King was most highly incensed against this Usurpation of his Royal Authority especially at the obtruding this Covenant wherewith the greatest part of the Nation were already infected and others through compulsion and force scared into a compliance with it though with a great deal of stir and reluctancy Wherefore to obviate the imminent danger it threatned the King dispatcht away the Marquess of Hamilton as his Commissioner to that Kingdom to apply some present remedy to the distemper he being a person of great honour and influence on that Nation Before his arrival of which the Covenanters had timely notice they made the more hast to engage the people against any accommodation Nor did they with the usual respect entertain the Commissioner but after some few days stay after some overtures by him made on the Kings part towards them and his demands of them particularly their deserting and relinquishing their Covenant he received a slighting answer that they would descend to no particulars of their part till a general Assembly should be called But as for the Covenant they would sooner part with their lives than abate a syllable of it and resolved never to hear more against it And thereupon new guards were by them clapt upon Edinburgh Castle the Watches of the City multiplied and the Ministers began to convert all their Sermons into Libels warning the people to take heed of Crafty Compositions when they were resolved against any These difficulties caused the Commissioner to repair to London having first received order to publish the Kings Declaration against the supposed Popery and removed also the Term for the further satisfying of the City of Edinburgh back thither again which indeed was for a while magnified by the Citizens as an Act of favour but presently was undervalued as a trick to cajole them so instructed by those who grudged the King any esteem or love in the minds of his people The Kings Declaration bearing Date Iune 20. 1638. was soon after published which contained his dispensation of the Service-book and Canons with a promise of calling a general Assembly and Parliament with all convenient Expedition requiring his subjects to contain themselves in their duty and not further to hearken to any Rebellious suggestions As soon as the Herauld had proclaimed it the Covenanters were ready upon a Scaffold there erected with a Protestation against it having before possest the People that if this Declaration were hearkened unto it would bring undoubted ruine to their Religion Laws and Liberties which they publiquely read importing some new additions to their former demands and cavils at the
English Lords and to perswade them of the honest intentions of the Scotch Nation were therefore for a while committed but soon after set at liberty having in part effected their errand and insinuated a good opinion of their proceedings withal begot an intelligence and correspondence with some of the Peers who before were well inclined to their cause This appeared soon after in the English Councils of War where the first Gallantry and Resolutions of the Principal Commanders were seen to flag and abate and dissolve into more soft and pliable dispositions to peace The English Army being far superiour in Arms men and bravery was encamped near Barwick and the Scots at Dunslo when by mediation of the persons aforesaid a Treaty was begun which ended presently in a short-lived Peace upon several Articles which being not performed on the Scots part are needless here to repeat In the mean time the Parliament of Scotland according to the Kings Proclamation when he also summoned their Assembly met on the appointed 15th of May and was prorogued till the last of August at which time they sate four days and therein formed four demands for the King The Assembly also sate a little before and abolisht Episcopacie the Liturgy and the Book of Canons with the High Commission c. These things coming to the Kings knowledge together with a Pamphlet prevaricating the conditions of the late Treaty their Letters to the King of France for aid their new Provisions for Arms their levying of Taxes of ten marks per Centum and continuing their Officers and Fortifications induced him by his new Commissioner the Earl of Traquair to command the Adjournment of the Parliament until the second of Iune next ensuing upon pain of Treason Against which Command the Covenanters declare and send a Remonstrance to the King by the Earl of Dumfermling and the Lord Loudon the Chancellour of that Kingdom afterwards who coming without Warrant from the Kings Commissioner Traquair were sent back again Whereupon Traquair a person suspected to have abused his trust comes himself and advising with Hamilton they both propound to the Council the affairs of Scotland being so desperate whether it were not more expedient the King should go himself in person into Scotland than to reduce them by Arms which after many politique considerations was Resolved in the Affirmative That nothing could reclaim them to their duty but force of Arms. This again brought the Earl of Dumfermling and the Lord Loudon to London with two other Commissioners where before the King again they insisted upon the justification of their innocence and withal desired that the King would ratifie and confirm their proceedings and that their Parliament might proceed to determine of all Articles or Bills brought to them to the establishing of Religion and Peace But instead of an Answer to their requests the King charged them with the aforementioned Libel and their Letters and Intelligence held with the French King which then came to English light and were known by the Characters to be the writing of the Lord Loudon who was thereupon committed for a short time but released upon the mediation of the Marquess Hamilton After his release he and Dumfermling presented their Assemblies and Parliaments Remonstrance to the King and the Commissioner returned also and gave a full account of the state of that Kingdom All three of them being admitted unto the Council together the matter was there managed with so much anger and sharpness that the King and the Scots were more exasperated against one another than before The Prince Elector Palatine the Kings Nephew by the Queen of Bohemia about this time came into England having utterly lost his interest in the Palatinate by the late defeat given him there by Count Hatsfield the Emperours General where Prince Rupert so famous afterwards in our Wars and the Lord Craven were taken he staid not long here but departed again and was taken at Lions by the French having past so far undiscovered he was soon after released and returned into England where by the Parliament he had 8000 l. a year assigned him out of his Uncles the Kings Revenue till after His Murther he departed home upon the Articles of Munster-Treaty by which he was restored to his Dignities and Sovereignty being conveyed hence in 1649. in a man of War to the Brill in Holland This year was signalized also by a famous Sea-fight between the Flemings and the Spaniards in the Downs Don Antonio Ocquendo was Admiral of the Spanish Fleet which consisted of seventy Sail of great Ships and Gallions on which were put aboard as the report went twenty five thousand men designed for the service of the Spaniard against the Dutch of the one side and the French on the other and were ordered to be landed at Dunkirk with money for the paying of his Armies then afoot On the 17th of September they were met by the Vice-Admiral of the Holland-Fleet who engaging them in the Chanel was worsted but getting to windward kept near them continuing firing to give Van Trump then before Dunkirk notice of their approach Betwixt Dover and Calice the two Dutch Fleets joyn and attaque the Spaniard the English Fleet under the Command of Sir Iohn Pennington looking on the while who being sore bruised was forced to the English Coast where the Spanish Ambassadour desired they might be protected for two Tides by the Kings Ships but that could not be allowed for the Kings Neutrality between both Whereupon in the night some part with the most of the Treasure and fourteen Ships got safe to Dunkirk the rest Van Trump being recruited with an hundred Ships in an instant almost of time set upon and dispersed sinking and taking and stranding very many so that few escaped home This was the second luckless Armado of the Spaniard on which the malecontents of this and the Kingdom of Scotland grounded many false and scandalous surmises against the King To return again to Scotland where I may not omit one fatal passage On the 19th day of November being the Anniversary of his Majesties Birth part of the Walls of the strong Castle of Edenburgh fell down which was likewise interpreted for an ill Omen such another though more unhappily and nearly significant was that of the fall of the head of his staff at his Tryal before the pretended High Court of Justice For the repairing of these ruines the King sent the Lord Estrich Col. Ruthen and others who were resisted by the Covenanters as men not qualified for the service No hopes for these and other reasons being conceivable of treating and perswading the Scots to obedience a Resolution was taken vigorously to prosecute the War commenced the year before to which purpose it was debated at a Cabinet-Council where none were present but the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury the Earl of Strafford and Hamilton and there agreed that a Parliament
must be called in England and Ireland and that in the mean time for the speedy raising of money the Nobility Gentry and Clergy should subscribe what sums of money they would advance to this service for the present occasion till the King could be otherwise helped by Subsidies To this purpose the Earl of Strafford first subscribed twenty thousand pounds the like did the Duke of Richmond and the Nobility according to the several values of their Estates The Clergy granted four shillings in the pound in their Convocation which presently followed to be paid for six years together only the City of London were refractory and could not be induced to lend one farthing to the carrying on of that War By these Loans however of the Kings Loyally affected Subjects he was again in a formidable posture and the Earl of Strafford besides his own personal disbursments had procured four Subsidies to maintain ten thousand foot and fifteen hundred Horse from the Parliament of Ireland he had newly called for which he was honourably brought into the House of Peers in the Parliament of England whither by his Majesties call from his Lieutenantship of Ireland he was then arrived to assist the King with his prudent Counsels Sir Thomas Coventry Lord Keeper of the Great Seal dieth the tenth of Ianuary after he had for fifteen years behaved himself in that place like a wise and honest man Sir Iohn Finch Chief Justice of the Common Pleas succeeds him of whom more anon Anno. Dom. 1640. THe 13th of April this year being the 16th of the Kings Reign a Parliament was summoned at Westminster at the opening whereof the King acquainted them with the affronts and indignities he had received from his Scotch Subjects whom he spared not to call Rebels which was somewhat resented by the Members of the House of Commons who out of dislike of Episcopacie here did not much favour that War against them which by a nick-name was then called Bellum Episcopale Therefore upon the Kings desires to them for a supply of money by which he might be enabled to reduce the Scots they presently started their old grievances which caused a debate whether the King or the Subjects should be relieved first for so they made the Scotch War the Kings personal and distinct business This alteration and the apparent unwillingness of the House of Commons to advance any mony except their previous desires viz. of clearing the properties of the Subject and the establishing of the true Religion and Priviledges of Parliament were confirmed and granted by the King reduced his Majesty to a present necessity and dilemma either of complying with the Scots or to take mony as he could raise it by his own credit and Authority to subdue them for there was no hopes in the Parliaments delays And this was the true Reason of the dissolving that Parliament which happened May the 5th to the great grief of all good people who were sensible of the Kings difficulties and the approaching evils The Convocation of the Clergy sate at the same time and were continued beyond the Parliaments dissolution though contrary to practice and custom where as before is said they contributed and confirmed the Grant of the fifth part of their Ecclesiastical Livings for six years towards the carrying on of the War against the Scots I may not omit the concession of the King in this affair to the Parliament wherein he offered upon the granting of him some Subsidies to remit and acquit his claim of Ship-mony and other advantages of his Prerogative At this Convocation some new Canons were made with Salvoes and dispensations for some which had been strictly heretofore enjoyned but especially and mainly for Episcopacie and the Doctrine of the Church of England in opposition to Popery was hereby established by the Oath of c. As likewise in opposition to the Scotch Covenant This Convocation ended May 29. none dissenting but Dr. Goodman Bishop of Glocester who since died a Roman Catholique and owned that faith As a testimony of the sincerity of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury in the Protestant Religion I shall here insert therefore a passage relating to these Canons Upon the Bishop of Glocester's refusal thereof the Arch-Bishop would have proceeded to the Censures of the Church immediately and therefore gave him according to the Canons three admonitions one upon the neck of another that he should forthwith subscribe and if he had not been whispered that so weighty a matter required deliberation and distance of time he would there have suspended him from his Dignities and Office This Noble Prelate for these and the like vigorous actings both in Church and State fell into the obloquy of the male contents the Chief of whom were the Nonconformists then called Puritans who abounded in London the most whereof upon a distaste taken from the censure of Mr. Pryn Dr. Bastwick and Mr. Burton did mightily maligne him so that on the ninth of May a Paper was posted upon the Exchange animating Apprentices to rise and sack his house at Lambeth next Monday which they were the more forward to do because it was rumoured that he was the first instigator of the King to dissolve the last Parliament But he had intelligence of their designes and provided to receive them According to their appointed time in the dead of the night they came to the number of five hundred and beset his house and endeavoured to enter but were quickly beaten off and glad to retreat having in some measure vented their anger against him in railing and scandalous language such as the streets were full of before in scattered Libels and breaking his glass-windows The day following many of them upon enquiry were apprehended and imprisoned but three days after forcibly rescued from thence by their Companions who broke open the Prison-doors for which one Bensted a Sea-man was apprehended and hanged afterwards in St. Georges-fields and his head and quarters set upon the several Gates of the City The Scotch Parliament now sat again and were more violent in their proceedings than before for having notice of the discontents in England they presently advanced with their Army thitherwards about the same time that the Queen was delivered of a Son Henry Duke of Glocester of whose decease we shall speak in its place The King to be in a readiness to receive them had also appointed an Army of which he made the Earl of Northumberland General and the Earl of Strafford Lieutenant-General but the Earl of Northumberland falling sick he himself sent away part of the Army under the Command of the Lord Conway and advanced out of London with the remainder and came in person to Northallerton During his March the Lord Conway had but ill success He had drawn about 1200 Horse and 3000 Foot to secure the Passes upon Tine near Newborn So far was the Scotch Army advanced under the Command
Council attending him at York and declares that he will not require any obedience from them but by the Laws of the Land charging them not to yeild obedience to any commands illegally imposed by others and that he will defend them and all others from the Votes of Parliament Lastly that he will not engage them in any War against the Parliament except for necessary defence against such as invade him or them Then came out his general Declaration where after he had fully unmasqued the pretences of the Parliament in their project of Liberty and Religion he excites all his loving subjects according to their Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy to contribute their aid and assistance for the opposing and suppressing those Trayterous attempts of such persons as would destroy his Person Honour and Estate and engage the Kingdom in a Civil War Dâ—claring that whoever shall bring unto him Money or Ammunition Horse and Arms for his or the publique defence shall receive 8 l. per centum interest to be assured out of his Forrest-Lands Parks and Houses And then issues out a Proclamation shewing the Legality of his Commissions of Array To all these the Parliament respectively answer justifie their proceedings and promise to use the money advanced for the Irish service according to the first designation of it though herein they failed abundantly converting the most part of it to their own use and necessities Though the Parliament was intent on the business of levying Arms yet several Patriots of both Houses did what they could to perswade to an accommodation amongst whom Sir Benjamin Rudyard was one of the chief who all along warned them of the miseries of a Civil War and what a shame it would be to them in after-times and so consequently to all Parliaments if when the King had condescended so far they should proceed to the effusion of blood upon so unnecessary a quarrel He dyed soon after the first blood was drawn and that speech of his on his death-bed is very remarkable Mr. Pym and Mr. Hambden the Grandees of the then Faction told me saith he That they thought the King so ill beloved by his Subjects that he could never be able to raise an Army to oppose them Which mistake of theirs cost many thousand lives On the contrary also many elaborate vehement Speeches were made by Mr. Pym and other Grandees to encourage the Citizens to stand fast to the interest of the Parliament and the City was not wayward to such councels Isaac Penington was Mayor a busie stickler of the Faction and many of the Court of Aldermen were little better affected the Common Council were generally of the same temper and indeed the greatest number of the people inhabiting the said City were alike disposed Now the Militia was on foot every where the Parliaments Cause had the precedency of affection their Ordinances being obeyed like Acts wherefore the King prohibited by Proclamation any Leviâ—s or Musters of his Subjects any where in England without his command and sets on foot his Commission of Array which the Parliament likewise inhibit to be obeyed any where but neither of them signified any thing to those that were bent and inclined to each Cause so that the preparations for War both of Men Horse Money and Arms went on very fast especially on the Parliaments side at London where all persons of all ages and Sexes contribute so excessively to the furtherance of the War that the sum which it amounted unto is almost incredible This money was borrowed upon the credit of the PVBLIQVE FAITH by an Ordinance of Parliament a name much adored then and as much contemned and hated afterwards The King finding how the pulse of these distracted Kingdoms did beat giving symptoms of some violent disease and distemper approaching redoubled his instances to the Houses for peace adjuring them to prevent that blood-shâ—d now so threatning and imminenâ— and they regâ—st the like entreaties and â—â—â—â—â—stations upon him but not bating an ace or receding a tittle from theâ—r 〈◊〉 Demands so that there was no hopes or likelihood of a Pacification Nor wanted there Artifices to uphold and maintain this Credit and Autho◠〈◊〉 which the Parliament had gained over the City their Purses and Affections they were told and that in solemn Assemblies that the evil Counsellors about the King intended the abrogation of their Cities Charter and if they prevailed would expose their Wives and Children to Rapine Violence and Villany and the wealth and riches of the City a prey to desperate and necessitous persons All which while they continued in the Parliaments protection they should have no cause to fear With these preparatory discourses and incentives the War was presently ushered in nay the Citizens were ready to court it as the certainest way of safety Add we also the encouragements of the Ministers of London to the other incitations who were so violent in their crying up the Cause that even meer Children became Volunteers forsook their Parents and followed the Camp Thither also are we now come For from the Kings leaving his Court at York with an intent to encourage his party in the Commission of Array and stitle the Ordinance of the Militia we cannot call his removes a Progress but Expedition and indeed it was a perfect War levyed though at such distances that the twilight of peace was preserved only by his hovering neer the Solstice of his Kingdom the midland without engaging the confines of their Association which if he had done speedily it is probable we had not seen that night of confusion that followed in his setting and declination His Majesty therefore having again called the Gentry of York together at rendezvous protested his unwillingless as well as unprovidedness for a War desiring if he should be thereunto compelled their assistance in the maintaining his most just Cause and then departed for Lincolnshire to Newark whither he had sent before his Letters Mandatory to my Lord Willoughby of Parham charging him to desist from raising levying or exercising any forces within that County by vertue of his Commission from the Parliament wherein nevertheless he had proceeded Here the King convened the Gentlemen of this County and made to them the like Protestations and having received some small supplies returned back again to York At the same time the Parliament were listing men apace and appointing their General and the Superior Officers of the Army His Majesty about this time meeting with some oppositions from the Earl of Stamford Lord-Lieutenant of Leicestershire for the Parliament was pleased to proclaim the said Earl and his adherents Traytors to the great dissatisfaction of the Parliament On the other side Insurrections happening in Essex the Parliament send down Sir Thomas Barrington and Mr. Grymstone to quell their Tumults where they seize Sir Iohn Lucas and his Lady at Colchester commit them to the Goale send his
Assembly was ordered to bring in their Model of Church-Government and those Resolves were urged afterwards by many hundred Petitions and the Covenant prest to be universally taken Towards the end of this month they had licked up the form of their Directory but could not agree about the receiving of the Sacrament which dispute was then committed Hereupon the Parliament procâ—eded and voted the abolishing of the Common-Prayer-Book which gave some satisfaction to the Scots yet not fully contended them they had in the beginning of our Troubles openly named the Archbishop of Canterbury and prosecuted him as an Enemy to their Country as the great Incendiary of the broyls between both Nations and did not desist while they had him safe in the Tower now they would have his life also as a gratification of their assistance His head must be danced off like St. Iohn Baptist's at the Musick of their Bag-pipes This they publikely demanded so that an Ordinance for the Parliament durst not venture his Tryal at the Common-Law as was thought by some because of the clause of that Bill of Attainder against the Earl of Strafford that his Case should be no precedent and they knew the Judges though they might pack a Jury that should would never venture to condemn him And his tryal by Peers they vouchsafed not as alike dangerous passed the House of Commons whereby he was declared guilty and that sent up to the Lords for their concurrence who bogled at it as a very ill precedent so that it stuck for a while until Sir David Hawkins with his veterane Troops of Justice-cryers came bawled at the Lords House for speedy Execution of Delinquents And then a new Expedient was set on foot for the better dispatch that the Lords should come and sit in the House of Commons as to this business and make one work of it which some of them unworthily did an ill Omen or Presage what that degenerateness would come to when after some of the same persons sate there as Commoners By this trick after several brave Defences made at the Bar of the Lords House where with might and main his Enemies prosecuted his Innocence he was condemned the main Argument against him being used by Serjeant Wild That he was so guilty an offender that he wondred the people did not pull him in pieces as he came to and fro to his tryal and on the tenth of Ianuary brought to Tower-hill from a most sound and sweet repose that night till awakened by Pennington the Lieutenant of the Tower to go to his Execution whereat he was no whit dismayed his colour being as fresh in his Face as ever it was in his life which continued to his last minute At his death he made a Funeral-sermon for himself which was in lieu of a Speech where this is as he hinted it to be observed that though other Arch-bishops had lost their lives in this manner yet not the same way He being the first English-man that ever was condemned by an Ordinance of Parliament His body was decently interred in Alhallows Barkin London according to the Rites and Ceremonies of the Church of England of which he had been the chief Defender and Assertor leaving Sir Iohn Robinson his Nephew since Lieutenant of the Tower to inherit the remains of his Estate and the rewards of his great Services and Munificences to this Church and Kingdom Abington had been made a Garrison ever since the Earl of Essex marched into Cornwal and became so troublesome a neighbour to Oxford and the Country adjacent by the continual excursions of the Horse which were never less than a Regiment that Colonel Sir Henry Gage to prevent this perpetual annoyance no man daring to travail upon any of the Roads towards Oxford with provisions or other business more especially hindering the intercourse betwixt Oxford and Wallingford resolved to build a Fort at Culham-bridge within a mile of Abington on the London-road to repress the boldness of those parties who were constantly out thereabouts upon designes In the attempt thereof and to obstruct so dangerous an obstacle to their Eruption the Abingdon-forces under Colonel Brown Sally out Engage and maintain a short fight with the Royalists with little hopes of prevailing till an Unfortunate shot wounded Colonel Gage in the head of which he dyed as soon as he came to Oxford and so that project was laid aside The King had so closely prosecuted his intentions for Peace that it being in the depth of Winter both Armies in their quarters and the two Factions of Presbytery and Independency jealous of one another the modelling of the Army requiring also some gain and advantage of time a Treaty so often proposed by the King was now admitted to be managed at Vxbridge by Commissioners on both sides The Kings Commissioners were as Follow Duke of Richmond and Lenox Marquess of Hertford Earl of Southampton Earl of Kingston Earl of Chichester Lord Capel Lord Seymore Lord Hatton Lord Culpeper Sir Edward Nicholas Sir Edward Hide afterwards Lord Chancellor Sir Richard Lane Sir Thomas Gardiner Sir Orlando Bridgeman Mr. Iohn Ashburnham Mr. Ieffery Palmer Dr. Stuart and Dr. Hammond Divines The Parliaments Commissioners were Earl of Northumberland Earl of Pembroke Earl of Salisbury Earl of Denbigh Lord Wenman Mr. Denzil Hollis Mr. William Pierpoint Sir Henry Vane Jun. Mr. Crew Mr. Whitlock Mr. Prideaux Mr. Vines a Minister The Scotch Commissioners Lord London Sir Charles Erskin Mr. Dundas Mr. Brackley Mr. Alexander Henderson Minister The main things first to be treated of were first Religion second Militia third Ireland For Religion the King would not alter Government by Bishops but would give way to some amendments in the Liturgie upon advice For the Militia he would consent some Forts and Garrisons should remain in the Parliaments hands pro tempore for security of the agreement the King having the nomination of half the Commissioners For Ireland the King would not abrogate the Cessation until he were sure the Rebellion here were at an end having to avoid that popular demand and to prevent any insisting upon that point given Order to the Marquess of Ormond to conclude a Peace but however to continue the Cessation for a year for which he should promise the Irish if he could have it no cheaper to joyn with them against the Scots and Inchiqueen for by that time the King said he hoped his condition would be such as the Irish should be glad to accept of less or he enabled to grant more The Parliament on the contrary side insisted as to Religion upon the taking away of the Kings Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction his Donations and Temporalties of Bishopricks his First-fruits and Tenths of Bishops Deans Deans and Chapters not offering to constitute the least dependance of the Clergy upon the King to the Presbyterian mode compensating him with Bishops Lands in lieu of all those which of
by the Scots Commissioners first because they were not the same with those formerly sent to Oxford and Vxbridge Secondly Because all the additions omissions and alterations made in them are in those things which concern the joynt interest and union of both Kingdomes And thirdly the danger of wholly excluding the King and his Posterity and so the Crown from their right to the Militia which was an alteration of the Fundamental Laws And fourthly the uncertainty of the Religion the Parliament would establish they refusing to give their Brethren the Scots the particulars thereof Presbytery being then piece-meal offered by the Assembly of Divines to the Parliaments consideration In this point the Scots urged how many promises of UNIFORMITY the Parliament had made at their instances to them throughout the War and that this Uniformity might be extensive and become the Discipline of the Reformed Churches every where and so be the Catholick Rule had ordered the Covenant as a Model or Pattern to be printed in most of the Forrain Languages that it should be a sin and shame to England that all sorts of Heresies Sects and Schisms should be so multiplied Liberty of Conscience not onely pleaded for but in place already and all the kindnesses done them so unhandsomly slighted And as to the Presbyterial Government to be established here Exceptions were taken at the subordination of Church-Assemblies to Parliament in the words prescribed lest it should be interpreted as if the Civil Power were not onely conversant about matters of the Church and Religion but were formally Ecclesiastical and to be exercised Ecclesiastically and be counted such a Supremacy in the Church as in the Pope and the late High-Commission of England Next they scrupled their Provincial Commissioners for judging of Scandal there being no such Warrant for such a mixture of Lay with Spiritual Officers which they suppose may be the laying of a New Foundation of the said High-Commission or Episcopacy Thirdly That admitting the Power of calling and convening a National Assembly be in the Civil Magistrates as positive yet they cannot allow it privative or destructive and that therefore such Assemblies may not be restrained to times of Session the safety of the Church being the supreme Law That therefore it should not be left ad libitum to the pleasure of the Civil Power but that fixed times for their meeting might be appointed From this the English perceived that the Scotch Yoak would not fit their necks and though they could be content with their Spirituals there was no enduring of their Temporals which consideration with those Cavils printed and published produced a Declaration of the House of Commons wherein being now in no need of further assistance having no Enemy left but that Army they come to a point and withal thus gird their gude Brethren we shall repeat onely one Paragraph Concerning Church-Government we having so fully declared for Presbyterian Government having spent so much pains taken up so much time for the settling of it passed most of the particulars brought to us from the Assembly of Divines called onely by us to advise of such things as shall be required of them by the Parliament and having published several Ordinances for putting the same in execution because we cannot consent to the granting of an arbitrary and unlimited Power and Jurisdiction to near TEN THOVSAND IVDICATORIES to be erected within this Kingdom and this demanded in a way INCONSISTENT with the FVNDAMENTALS of GOVERNMENT excluding the POWER of PARLIAMENT in the exercise of that IVRISDICTION nor have we resolved yet how a due regard may be had that TENDER CONSCIENCES which differ not in any Fundamentals of Religion may be so provided for as may stand with the word of God and peace of the Kingdom And let it be OBSERVED that we have had the more reason not to part with the Power out of our hands since all by-past Ages manifest that the Reformation and purity of Religion and the preservation and protection of the people hath been by Parliament and the exercise of this power our endeavours being to settle the Reformation in the Kingdoms of England and Ireland in Doctrine Worship Discipline and Government according to the Word of God and the example of the best Reformed Churches and according to our COVENANT That 's the burden of the Ditty but how that comes to be set in opposition to the Scotch Model of Presbytery may be left to the distinguishing Expositors between Bell and the Dragon The Poets Fiction concerning Proteus was certainly a meer vaticination and prediction of this variable Monster for the King the Kirk the Parliament the Sectaries for every thing according to its present interest as the Camelion appears in the colours that are neerest it A serious Kirk-fallacy made a Parliament-Riddle Come we now to those long-hammered Propositions sent to the King at Newcastle Iuly 11. as aforesaid which were twenty three in number First That his Majesty would pass an Act for nulling all Declarations and Proclamations against both or either Parliaments of England or Scotland Secondly The King to sign and swear the Covenant and an Act for all persons in the three Kingdoms to do the like Thirdly An Act to take away Bishops c. Fourthly To confirm by Act the Assembly of Divines at Westminster Fifthly To settle Religion as the Parliament shall agree Sixthly In Vnity and Vniformity with Scotland as shall be agreed by both Parliaments Kill Episcopacy point-blank and shoot at Scotch wild-fowl at randome Seventhly An Act to be confirmed against Papists Eighthly Their Children to be educated in the Protestant Religion Ninthly For taking away part of their Estates Tenthly Against saying of Mass in England Eleventhly And the same in Scotland if they please Twelfthly For observation of the Lords day against Pluralities and Non-residents and for Visitations and regulating the Vniversities Thirteenth That the Militia of the three Kingdoms be in the hands of the Parliament for twenty years with power to raise money and suppress all Forces c. Fourteenth That all Honours and Titles and Dignities conferred on any since the great Seal was conveyed from the Parliament May 21 1642. be nulled and that those who hereafter shall be made Peers by the King shall not sit in Parliament without consent of both Houses Fifteenth That an Act be passed to confirm all the Treaties between England and Scotland and a Committee of both Houses to be nominated Conservators of the Peace between both Kingdoms Sixteenth An Act for the establishing the Declaration of both Kingdoms of the THIRTIETH of JANUARY 1643. touching Delinquents with other qualifications added now which were so comprehensive that they seemed accommodated for the fatal prognostick of that days Revolution in 1648. when accumulative treason a word invented by themselves against the Earl of Strafford was extended to other the Kings Friends as to number and in the amassed guilt of all impiety afterwards practised upon
Army he had done enough in giving them at Westminster for the Parliament sounded no more at the Head-quarters an account of Him But of this presently at large Most certain it is that this designe was laid solely by Cromwel and Ireton and personated by the Agitatours suspected many of them and that rationally for Jesuits who were as good at wicked Plots and Contrivances as either of those Catilines but most accomplished for execution having such Lawless yet most powerful Indemnity not onely to protect them but to shroud their other Conspiracies for themselves against this Church and State It is strange indeed to consider how many several interests were driven on among the Belials of this Army as then under the appearance of honest and most just ends the same pretence whereof served and was accommodate to each particular combinating against the Publike as so many lines tending to one Center with all which Cromwel wisely temporized giving secret encouragement to them all professing to intend the same things and to be of the Party but that for a while there was a necessity of concealing his resolutions To this purpose caresâ—ing the Papists upon all addresses or discourses with him as also familiarizing himself with the Levellers as the men indeed that were to do his business and were right of his complexion for the spoyl of the Kingdom to be compassed any manner of way but by setting up a Government or Laws for their projected Democracy was but a more exact method or Rule of Thievery of all which they most abominated Monarchy as the most regular and strict whose awful Authority could solely restrain their loose and licentious practises and keep the mad vulgar within their bounds from invading all propriety secured by the ancient Tenure of all Lands and Inheritances from the Crown and the Laws which their devilish intention was to abrogate and abolish and by a Wild parity lay all things in Common But for fuller satisfaction what this Intrigue or designe meant it will be requisite to consult the King's and the General 's or rather the Armies account thereof just as it was done and first from the Actors the General and Council of War Sir Thomas Fairfax his Letter MAster Speaker yesterday the King was taken from Holdenby by some Souldiers who brought him thence by his consent the Commissioners going along with Him That his Majesty lay that night at Colonel Mountagues after Earl of Sandwich and would be at New market next day That the ground of the removing the King was from an apprehension of some strength gathered to force the King from them whereupon he sent Colonel Whaley with his Regiment to meet the King and the Commissioners and to return them back again but they refused and were come to Sir John Cuts neer Cambridge Professing That this remove was without his consent or his Officers about him or the body of the Army or without their desire or Privity and that he will secure the King's person from danger Further assuring the Parliament that the whole Army endeavours Peace will not oppose Presbytery nor affect Independency or to hold a licentious freedom in Religion or interest in any particular party but will leave all to the Parliament Tiberius Letters about Sejanus were not half so mystical as these nor was there ever so daring braving an attempt done in the face of the Sun to the face and person of a Prince so covered and concealed under such obscurities and pretended ignorances which rendred the impudence of the action more dangerously fearful by how much the less it was conjecturable what it portended nor could the King himself at present well resolve himself or his two Houses in this juncture as we shall see in his acquainting of the Parliament with it by the Earl of Dunfermling where he saith contrary to what Fairfax before That he was unwillingly taken away by a strong party of Horse and desired of the Parliament to maintain the Laws of the Land and that though he might signe to many things in this condition yet he would not have them believed till further notice given by him to his two Houses The King imagined they would make use of his Authority by forcing his consent to some Proposals and designes of Government but they onely made a stalking Horse of his person keeping his interest by pretences of respect to him on foot meerly to countenance their own and outvy and awe the Presbyterian party At the news of it in London both Parliament and City were in such confusion and so distracted that they might well be excused from rightly judging of the fact therefore they first bethink of remedy the Houses order the Committee of Safety to sit all night and provide ne quid detrimenti accipiat respublica and dispatch a Messenger to the General requesting him not to come neerer London than twenty five miles for news was brought them they were upon a speedy March for the City who at the same time shut up their shops run to their Arms and make a fearful hurry for a while and then resolve to send Commissioners likewise and attend the Issue in peace in such a maze did this accident put them In the mean while the King is caressed by the Army and shown in state to the people who with great joy every where receive him and applaud the Army who to carry their business the fairer suffer some of his Majesties old Friends to have access to his person as the Duke of Richmond the two Doctors Sheldon and Hammond his Chaplains who Officiated with him in publike according to the Church of England and divers others of lesser note At this the Parliament take exceptions and send again to the General expostulating the matter and desiring him to re-deliver the King to the Commissioners aforesaid to be brought to Richmond and there to be guarded by Colonel Rossiters Regiment of Horse In Answer to this the Army declare and require after their like manner of expostulation about the Irish Expedition and Transporting the Army thither that it was against former Declarations of the Parliament the precedent case of the Kingdom of Scotland and the liberty and freedom of the People That the Houses may speedily be purged of such as ought not to sit there That such who abused the Parliament and Army and endanger the Kingdom may speedily be disabled from doing the like or worse That some determinate period of time may be set to this and future Parliaments according to the intent of the Bill for Triennial Parliaments That provision be made that they be not adjournable and dissolvable by any power but their own consent during their Respective period and then to determine themselves That the freedom of the people to present Grievances by Petition to the Parliament may be vindicated That the exorbitant powers of Country-Committees may be taken away That the Kingdom may be satisfied of the
that I may be in the same state of Freedom I was in when I was last at Hampton-Court And indeed less cannot in any reasonable measure make good those offers which you have made me by your Votes For how can I Treat with Honour so long as people are terrified with Votes and Orders against coming to speak or write to me And am I honourably Treated so long as there is none about me except a Barber who came now with the Commissioners that ever I named to wait upon me Or with Freedom until I may call such to me of whose service I shall have use in so great and difficult a work And for Safety I speak not of my Person having no apprehension that way how can I judge to make a safe and well-grounded Peace until I may know without disguise the true present state of all my Dominions and particularly of all those whose Interests are necessarily concerned in the Peace of the Kingdoms Which leads me naturally to the last necessary demand I shall make for the bringing this Treaty to an happy end which is That you alone or you and I joyntly do invite the Scots to send some persons authorized by them to treat upon such Propositions as they shall make For certainly the Publique and Necessary Interest they have in this great Settlement is so clearly plain to all the world that I believe no body will deny the necessity of their concurrence in order to a durable Peace Wherefore I will only say that as I am a King of both Nations so will I yield to none in either Kingdom for being truly and zealously affected for the Good and Honour of both my resolution being never to be partial for either to the prejudice of the other Now as to the place because I conceive it to be rather a circumstantial than a real part of this Treaty I shall not much insist upon it I name Newport in this Isle yet the fervent zeal I have that a speedy end be put to these unhappy distractions doth force me earnestly to desire you to consider what a great loss of time it will be to Treat so far from the Body of my two Houses when every small Debate of which doubtless there will be many must be transmitted to Westminster before they be concluded And really I think though to some it may seem a Paradox that peoples minds will be much more apt to settle seeing me Treat in or near London than in the Isle because so long as I am here it will never be believed by many that I am really so free as before this Treaty begin I expect to be And so I leave and recommend this Point to your serious consideration And thus I have not only fully accepted of the Treaty which you have propounded to me by the Votes of the 3 of this Month but also given it all the furtherance that lies in me by demanding the necessary means for the effectual performance thereof All which are so necessarily implied by though not particularly mentioned in the Votes that I can no way doubt of your ready compliance with me herein I have now no more to say but to conjure you by all that is dear to Christians Honest Men or good Patriots that you will make all the expedition possible to begin this happy Work by hasting down your Commissioners fully authorized and well instructed and by enabling me as I have shewed you to Treat Praying the God of Peace so to bless our endeavours that all my Dominions may speedily enjoy a safe and well-grounded Peace Carisbroke Aug. 10. All which desires of the King were assented to to their full intent and purpose and five Lords and ten Commoners appointed Commissioners for the Treaty whose names were as followeth The Earls of Northumberland Pembroke Salisbury Middlesex and Lord Viscount Say The Lord Wenman Mr. Denzil Hollis Mr. William Pierpoint Sir Henry Vane Junior Sir Harbottle Grimstone Mr. Samuel Brown Sir Iohn Potts Mr. Crew Serjeant Glyn and Mr. Bulkley The Treaty to begin ten days after the Kings Assent to Treat as is agreed and to continue from thence forty days Resolved likewise That His Majesty be desired to Pass his Royal Word to make his constant Residence in the Isle of Wight from the time of his Assenting to Treat until twenty days after the Treaty be ended unless it be otherwise desired by both Houses of Parliament and that after His Royal Word so Passed and his Assent given to Treat as aforesaid from thenceforth the former Instructions of the 16 of Nov. 1647. be vacated and these observed and that Col. Hammond be authorized to receive His Majesties Royal Word Passed to his two Houses of Parliament for his Residence in the Isle of Wight accordingly as is formerly exprest and shall certifie the same to both Houses They likewise Repealed the Votes of Non-address and desired a List from his Majesty of those he would have to attend him Whereupon the King by his Message of the 28 of August not being in the former limitation accepted of the Treaty desiring the expediting of the Commissioners and sent them a List of those persons he desired to be with him First for the Journey into Scotland he desired a Pass for Mr. Parsons one of the Grooms of his Presence-Chamber next the Duke of Richmond Marquess Hartford Earl of Lindsey Earl of Southampton Gentlemen of his Bed-chamber Mr. Kirk Mr. Leviston Mr. Murray Mr. Iohn Ashburnham Mr. Legg Grooms of his said Bed-chamber Mr. Hen Mr. Rogers Mr. Lovet Pages of his Back-stairs Sir Fulk Grevil Captain Titus Captain Burroughs Mr. Cresset Abr. Dowset Firebrace to wait as they did or as he should appoint them The Bishops of London and Salisbury Drs Shelden Hammond Oldsworth Sanderson Turner Heywood Chaplains Davis his Barber Rives Yeoman of the Robes Sir Edward Sidenham Mr. Terwhit Hunsdon Esquires Mrs Wheeler Landress Sir Thomas Gardiner Sir Orlando Bridgeman Sir Robert Holbourn Mr. Ieffrey Palmer Mr. Thomas Cook Mr. Iohn Vaughan Lawyers Sir Edward Walker Mr. Philip Warwick Mr. Nicholas Oudart Mr. Charles Whitaker Clerks and Writers Mr. Clement Kinnersley and Mr. Peter Newton to make ready the House for Treaty To which at the Kings request were after added for the Civil Law the Kings Advocate Dr. Rives Dr. Duck and these Divines the Bishops of Armagh Exeter Rochester and Worcester Dr. Ferne and Dr. Morley The Treaty began the 18th of September which the King so prudentially managed single against all the Commissioners none of his Party being suffered to assist him at the Conferences that there appeared some hopes of a right understanding The Propositions concerning Religion took up the longest time both in discourse and writing whereby he fully evinced the right of Episcopacie which his Answers with his Majesties Propositions on the 2 of Octob. being sent up to the Parliament notwithstanding produced these Votes Resolved by the
Propositions would they have been satisfactory did not at present sute the high and imperious humour of the Parliament yet by the good temperament and respectful behaviour of the major part of the Commissioners such a mutual confidence was wrought that the King won with their dutiful perswasion did in most of those things besides Religion and Church-lands comply with their demands and then the Parliament upon debate of the whole Treaty Voted his Concessions a ground to settle the Kingdom of which presently But a little before the conclusion of the Treaty which hapned on the 27th of Nov. the Army Cromwel being now come out of Scotland had after a long Consultation how to break it off hammered out a villanous Remonstrance on the 16th of that Month at St. Albans and on the 28th presented it to the House of Commons by Col. Ewers related to the Lord Ewers and seven Officers more the Treasonable and Execrable Heads thereof setting aside that Principle That the Magistery of the People is Supreme were as followeth First That the Capital and Grand Author of our Troubles viz. the Person of the King by whose procurement and for whose Interest of Will and Power all our Wars have been may be brought to Iustice for the Treason Blood and Mischief he is therein guilty of Secondly That a Timely Day may be set for the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York to come in by which time if they do not that then they may immediately be declared incapable of any Trust or Government in this Kingdom or its Dominions and thence to stand exiled for ever as Enemies or Traytors to die without mercy if ever after found or taken therein c. If by the time limited they do render themselves that then the Prince be proceeded with as on appearance he shall give satisfaction or not and then the Duke as he shall give satisfaction may be considered as to future Trust or not But however that the Revenue of the Crown saving necessary allowances for the Children and for Servants and Creditors to the Crown be Sequestred and the costly pomp suspended for a good number of years and that this Revenue be for that time disposed toward Publike Charges Debts and Damages for the easing of the people so as the Estates neither of Friends to publique Interest nor alone of inferior Enemies thereunto may bear the whole burthen of that loss and charge which by and for that Family the Kingdom hath been put unto Thirdly That Capital punishment be speedily Executed upon a competent number of his Chief Instruments also both in former and later Wars and that some of both sorts be pitcht upon as are really in your hands or reach Fourthly That the rest of the Delinquents English may upon rendring themselves to Iustice have mercy for their lives and that only Fines be set upon them and their persons declared incapable of any Publique Trust or having any voice in Elections thereto at least for a good number of years And that a short day may be set by which all such Delinquents may come in and for those who come not in by that day that their Estates be absolutely Confiscated and sold to the Publike use and their Persons stand Exiled as Traytors and to die without mercy if ever after found in the Kingdom or its Dominions Fifthly That the satisfaction of Arrears to the Souldiery with other publike Debts and competent reparations of publique Damages may be put into some orderly way And that therefore the Fines and Compositions of Delinquents be disposed to those uses only as also the Confiscations of such who shall be excluded from Pardon or not come in by the day assigned Now after Publique Iustice thus provided for we proceed in order to the general satisfaction and Settlement of the Kingdom First That you would set some reasonable and certain period to your own Power Secondly That with a period to this Parliament that there may be a Settlement of the Peace and future Government of the Kingdom And in order thereto First That there may be a certain Succession of future Parliaments Annual or Biennial with secure provision 1. For the certainty of their Sitting Meeting and Ending 2. For equal Elections 3. For the Peoples meeting to Elect Provided that none engaged in War against the Kingdom may Elect or be Elected nor any other who oppose this Settlement 4. For clearing the power of Parliaments as Supreme only they may not give away any Foundation of Common Right 5. For liberty of Entring Dissents in the said Representatives that the people may know who are fit for future Trusts but without any penalty for their free Iudgments Thirdly That no King be hereafter admitted but upon Election of and as upon Trust from the people by such their Representatives nor without first disclaiming all pretence to a Negative Voice against the Determinations of the Commons in Parliament and this to be done in some Form more clear than heretofore in the Coronation-Oath These Matters of General Settlement we propound to be provided by the Authority of the Commons in this Parliament and to be further Established by a general Contract or Agreement of the people with their Subscriptions thereunto And that no King be admitted to the Crown nor other person to any Office of publique Trust without express Accord and Subscription to the same This was the Basis Method and Model of Cromwels Tyranny and though he had changed his pretences according to the exigences of time and occasions yet he was fixed here as having learnt from Matchiavel that there is no readier way to an Usurpation than by destroying the Fundamental Laws and Essentials of Government and proposing pleasing Innovations to the Vulgar This he drove at in his possessed Servants the Levellers whom he put on to divulge this new secret of Empire but they thundering of it out and to try its acceptance as the rain in unseasonable weather he was content to abandon them to a shower of Bullets influenced on one of his prime Boâ—tefeus by the Command of the Parliament to the General as beforesaid in 1647 at Ware For observe the trace of his Policie after this Critical Juncture when he had superated all difficulties and removed all obstacles and you shall see how sequaciously he copied these Articles of Agreement as they were called of the people First Destroy the King as a Tyrant then exclude the Royal Progeny then disable its potent Friends and ingratiate with the mean Next Gratifie and engage the Souldiers with promise of Arrears and Establishment Then the next subsequent great work is the dissolution of the Parliament then a Chimaera of Government such as Barebones Convention And lastly A pretended Elective Tyranny under the Style of Protector which his impiety afforded him not only to subscribe but to swear to The ill news of this pestilent Paper flew amain
Popish and Nuntio Party under General O Neal very much perplex the hopes of these Affairs For this Nuntio Party had Excommunicated the Confederates which consisted of most of the old English Papists and some Irish who wisely foresaw their further obstinacy against the King or the Protestant Interest would finally give them up a prâ—y to the English Usurpation which yet fatally evâ—ned which had made an association by Cromwel's practâ—ses with the said O Neal with Sir Charles-Coot and Colonel Monke then in Arms in Vlâ—ter for the Parliament On the other side the Confederates had Proclaimed the Nuntio party Rebels and Traytors and were making ready to Reduce them by force Their strength and the Lord Inchiqueens with addâ—tions from the Marquess of Clanrickard and the Earl of Castlehaven being now joyned under the Command of the Marquess of Ormond though upon hard restrictions and conditions as it was very difficult for him to divide himself conveniently betwixt those two former opposite Interests the English undâ—r Inchiqueen grudging at the Exercise of the Romish Religion among the Irish and they at the constancy of the Englishes pay and contribution the Lord-Lieutenant had little else to do but onely go in and out before this Army without any power or Authority more than they themselves pleased to allow the source and occasion of all those mischiefs which thereafter followed thick upon these ill associated and misunderstanding parties For the Lord-Lieutenant having drawn down their united Bodies as soon as there was Forrage for his Horse and some advance-money in the beginning of the year 1649. to the reduction of Dublin having in vâ—in Courted Iones the Governour there and Owen O Neal to the Kings Obedience In the very entrance of the Expedition an ominous Rub befel him Inchiqueen's Forces would not march nor the Scotch Vlster Forces then advanced also to the aid of the said Union unanimously submit before the Lord Inchiqueen was Declared Lieutenant-General of the Army to the dissatisfaction of the Marquess of Clanrickard and the Earl of Castlehaven though the former made his merit and Honour presently yield to his Loyalty and the other very patiently for a while absented himself from the marching Army In the time that this was in doing the Lord-Lieutenant was also busied in Treating with and Courting Iones and Owen O Neal unto the Kings Obedience the first of which being as is believed corrupted by Cromwels bribes and large promises positively declined the Lord-Lieutenants favour as appears by their Printed Letters the latter having at last waved all things concerning Religion more than what was granted in the Peace insists finally upon the Command of 6000 Foot and â—00 Horse together with those other conditions that since were granted him The Confederate Commissioners will permit his Excellency to allow him no more but 4000 Foot and 800 Horse which number they obstinately refused to exceed denying him also several other of his lâ—â—sâ—r demands whereupon O Neal seeing them willing to leave him quite out or to have him come in upon such terms as he judged inconsiderable they peradventure thinking themselvs able to do the work without him makes present application unto Monke and Iones either to be revenged upon the Commissioners the Lord Inchiqueen the Scots and all the rest that he conceived to oppose him or else as he afterwards said to make himself more considerable and thereby facilitate his conditions with them Whatsoever his motive was at last Colonel Monke makes an agreement with him in the name of the Parliament though they very wisely by Cromwels advice did afterwards think fit to disclaim it because of its ill aspect and odiousness to the English but acknowledged his faithfulness and well-meaning by a Vote to that purpose upon which score howsoever he assisted them all he could undertaking the Relief of Derry which he afterwards effected and notwithstanding that his Excellency during all this time was very sensible of the great consequence of Owen O Neal's coming in or standing out in order to the service or disservice of the King and that he looked upon the dispute of denying him the Command of 6000 men when they were content to intrust him with 4000 as a strange kinde of oversight in the Commissioners and the rest concurring with them the rather because he knew that by his standing out that accursed quarrel between the Kings and the Nuntios party not unlike that of the Guelphs and Gibbelines in Italy was kept on foot the refractory Clergy were countenanced and upheld in credit with the people and the great Cities were animated to refuse Garrisons to deny the payment of impositions and to disrespect both the Lord-Lieutenant and the Commissioners yet was it not in his power to help it by any means unless he would have broken Conditions with the Confederates which no consideration of any advantage how great soever could induce him to do Other difficulties overcome his Excellency makes directly for Dublin all the Garrisons in his way but Ballisanon by force or fair means surrendring unto him yet is he set forth so slenderly provided with money that neer Kildare the Army is ready to mutiny and fall to pieces for want of a very small sum had not a worthy person that was there but accidentally supplied them in that extremity This streight also being over-past and the Lord Inchiqueen's Forces being come wholly up they hold on for Dublin and compel Iones that was drawn out as far as the Naas with what strength he could make to interrupt them to retire into the Town whither being come at last and finding it competently well fortified and plentifully man'd both with Horse and Foot insomuch that it was judged no ways fit to hazard the Army upon a desperate assault and being not as yet a number able to invest the place especially whilst O Neal and Monke together with the Garrisons of Drogbeda and Trim lay so convenient to attempt upon them it was resolved that the Lord-Lieutenant should with the greatest part of his Army Encamp at Finglasse from thence to awe and distress the Town and be ready to countenance any stirs or revolts within whilst the Lord Inchiqueen with a great Body of Horse and above 2000 Foot endeavours to take in Trim and Drogbeda All this time his Excellency found great wants to encounter with his Provisions and Contributions coming in so slowly and disproportionably to the necessities of his Army and many Factions to compose and temper the Munster and the rest of the English Forces murmuring against the Liberty the Irish had there in the exercise of their Religion and the Irish again repining to see themselves murmured at but more especialy to see the English Munster-Forces though they were fewer in number and had Contributions of their own to swallow up both their Pay and Provisions also which though the rest of the Army did Petition against his Excellency could in no
but many of the Gentry who had been under his Command before having now engaged with him again were no partakers in this joy For some of his Papers being taken many of them were afterwards discovered and suffered in their Estates The Marquess being now in the Custody of his mortal Enemies from whom he could not expect the least favour yet exprest a singular constancy and in a manner a carelessness of his own condition Coming to his Father-in-laws house the Earl of Southesk where two of his Children were he procured liberty from his Guard to see them but neither at meeting or parting could any change of his former countenance be discerned or the least expression heard which was not suitable to the greatness of his spirit and the same of his former actions 'T is Memorable of the Town of Dundee where he lodged one night though it had suffered more by his Army than any else within that Kingdom yet were they amongst all the rest so far from insulting over him that the whole Town testified a great deal of sorrow for his woful condition and there was he likewise furnished with Cloaths suitable to his Birth and Person Being come to Leith he was received by the Magistrates of the City of Edenburgh and staying a while there to refresh himself he was afterward led towards the City by that way which goes betwixt Leith and the Water-gate of the Abbey and with him all the Prisoners of quality on foot betwixt thirty and fourty but he himself had the favour to be mounted on a Cart-horse Having ended this part of his journey with as much state as in Triumphs is accustomed to be he was met at the end of the Cannon-gate by some other Officers and the Executioner in his Livery-coat into whose hands he was delivered There was framed for him a high seat in fashion of a Chariot upon each side of which were holes through which a Cord being drawn and crossing his Brest and Arms bound him fast down in the Chair The Executioner being commanded so to do took off the Marquess's Hat and put on his own Bonnet and the Chariot being drawn by four Horses he mounted one of the first and very solemnly began to drive along towards the Tol-Booth The people who were assembled in great multitudes and were many of them heretofore very desirous to see this spectacle could not now refrain from tears and those who had heretofore wished him all misfortune began to be shaken with the first Scene of his Tragedy But the implacable Ministry having him now at their mercy could never be satisfied with his Calamities they reviled him with all possible spite objected frequently to him his former condition and his present misery and pronounced heavy judgements against him Being come to the Tol-Booth he was very closely shut up and strong Guards set upon him and access denied to him no not his Father-in-law or any of his friends suffered to come nigh him There he was a considerable time the Ministers never ceasing to exacerbate his misery of whom one being asked why they could not otherwise be satisfied but by so ignominious handling of him He answered They knew no other way to humble him and bring him home to God The Parliament having notice of his approach to Edenburgh fearing his gallant presence might gain favour among the people which the Kirk-Ministers thundred at afterwards appointed a Committee to draw up a Sentence against him on the 17 of May which they did presently The first part about his entrance we have already seen performed the latter part ran thus That he should be hanged on a Gibbet at the Cross in Edenburgh until he died his History and Declaration being tied about his Neck and to hang three hours in publique view of all the people after which he should be Beheaded and Quartered his head to be fixt upon the Prison-house of Edenburgh and his Legs and Arms over the Gates of the Cities of Sterling Glascow Perth alias Saint Johns-town and Aberdeen And in case â—e repented whereby the Sentence of Excommunication may be taken off by the Church the bulk of his Body should be buried in the Gray-Friers if not in the Borrow-moor a place like Tyburn It was seven a Clock at Night before he was entred into the Prison and immediately the Parliament met and sent some of the Members and some Ministers to examine him but he refused to answer any thing to them until he was satisfied upon what terms they stood with the King his Royal Master which being reported unto the Parliament they ceased proceedings against him until Monday and allowed their Commissioners to tell him that the King and they were agreed he then desired to be at rest for he was weary with a long Journey and said The Complement they had put upon him that day was somewhat tedious The next day being Sunday he was constantly attended by Ministers and Parliament-men who still pursued him he told them They thought they had affronted him the day before by carrying him in a Cart but they were much mistaken for he thought it the most honourable and joyfullest Cavalcade that ever he made God having all the while most comfortably manifested his presence to him and furnished him with a resolution to over-look the reproaches of men and to behold Him for whose Cause he suffered Upon Monday in the forenoon he was brought before the Parliament and after the delivery of a long-penned discourse by the Chancellor wherein he was pleased to take notice of his miscarriages against the first Covenant the League and Covenant his Invasion and joyning with the Irish Rebels and blood-guiltiness and that now how God had brought him to just punishment He desired to know if he might be allowed to speak for himself which being granted he said Since you have declared unto me that you have agreed with the King I look upon you as if his Majesty were sitting among you and in that Relation I appear with this Reverence Bare-headed My care hath been always to walk as became a good Christian and a Loyal Subject I engaged in the first Covenant and was faithful to it until I perceived some private persons under colour of Religion intended to wring the Authority from the King and to seize on it for themselves and when it was thought fit for the clearing of honest men that a Bond should be Subscribed wherein the security of Religion was sufficiently provided for I subscribed For the League and Covenant I thank God I was never in it and so could not break it but how far Religion hath been advanced by it and the sad consequences that have followed it these poor distressed Kingdoms can witness for when his late Majesty had by the blessing of God almost subdued those Enemies that rose â—p against him in England and that a Faction of this Kingdom went in to the assistance of them His
Hunt whom his Sisters coming to visit and take their farewel of him over-night of his Execution he changed Cloaths with one of them pretending before to be indisposed and to keep his Bed and with a Handkerchief as weeping and sobbing before his eyes was let out while a Guard at door watched his Sisters sleep that night who next Morning waking the supposed Major to make ready for Death perceived the Stratagem this incensed Cromwel farther so that he commanded all that were in Prison for that Rising should be forthwith Transported to the Caribbe-Islands and some Argier-Merchants or worse undertook it and sold them to the Barbarous and inhumane Flanters worse than ever were the Natives for Bond-men and Slaves About the same time all Jesuits and Seminaries were anew Exiled and all suspected Catholicks to abjure the Pope Purgatory Transubstantiation and all the Doctrines of that Church or else all their Estates to be seized The Judges Thorp and Nudigate laid down their Commissions in May. During the War in America and for all our Fleet lay in those parts the Spanish Plate-Fleet which was thought the main aim of our preparation and was therefore much feared for desperate was now at Sea and presently the Marquess De Lede who defended Maestricht so bravely some time before against the Prince of Aurange was sent Embassador to the Protector that the honourableness of his Person might gratifie Cromwel's ambition of Courtship and sweeten him to the Friendship and Alliance he had in his Instructions to offer and more easily to insinuate into the mystery of this conjunct designe He was nobly attended besides a numerous train of Lacqueys in silver and Green Livery and had Audience May 5 and continued his Complement and Cabal together the space of five Weeks in which time most of the action had passed in America and returned unsatisfied and re infecta though dismist with more than ordinary respects about the middle of Iune Now happened an occasion or rather Cromwel made it one for him to shew his zeal to the Protestant Cause and to shew himself to the World the Champion or Hector thereof this was also one secret step and reach to the Crown by invading the sacred Title of the Defender of the Faith due onely to the Hereditary Soveraigns of England Herein also he aimed as in the Proverb to hit two Birds with one Stone not doubting but to finde another Mine in the Charitable mindes and compassion of this Nation towards the parallel suffering of the old Waldenses in Piedmont to the Irish Massacres which were set out and drest here with greater skill of Butchery than the actors could handsomely do it there and it was said the Copy was drawn from that Original Most certain it is that they were in Rebellion and that the Duke of Savoy their Soveraign did chastise them to their Obedience though the Marquess Pianella a very zealous Catholick and the Earl of Quince the French Kings Lieutenant-General of his Italian Armies then joyned with that Dukes and stranger-Souldiers have little regard to any Religion where they may ravage without controle might exceed their Commissâ—on in inflicting the extremity of War which they had brought upon themselves and were before also odious more than enough to their Catholick Neighbours Whatever the matter was Cromwel takes the Massacre for granted enjoyns a Fast and at the close of that a Collection not limited and terminated in the liberal contributions in the Church at the Bason but the Collectors and other Officers of the Parish with the Minister were to go from door to door and stir up the Richer sort to a chearful Contribution which indeed was very forwardly and charitably given and intended and forthwith Mr. now Sir Samuel Moreland one of Mr. Thurloe's Secretaries was sent away as Envoy to the Court of Savoy Mr. Pell was dispatcht to the Protestant Cantons of Switzerland upon the same account and Mr. now Sir George Downing was sent after Mr. Moreland by the way of France where he began the complaint and proceeded All those three met together at Geneva to advise with that State how to manage this importance of Religion but Mr. Downing never pursued this Project farther being remanded hence to go Secretary of the Council newly made for Scotland Pell was sâ—nt of his formâ—r errand to the Cantons and Mr. Moreland returned to Turin to the Duke's Court where perceiving this fraud of Cromwel it was no great matter to bring him over soon after to the Kings service in which he continued Alderman Viner and Pack were made Treasurers for this Money which amounted to a very large sum and reaching the designe of the Protector a small parcel whereof was now remitted to Geneva the French King having newly before accommodated the business the Duke refusing to admit Cromwel's Mediation By this conclusion the truth appeared for in the very liminary words they acknowledged the Rebellion in express terms and begged pardon of their gracious Lord his Royal Highness which was here imputed and charged to the prevaâ—ication and collusion of the Cantons Mediation and the three Pastors their Commissioners in that affair There was one Artifice of the Protectors to set this business forward and to countenance it omitted which was Addresses from the Army here and abroad offering their service in this common Cause of the Protestant Religion no way doubting but that God in his due time would confound those Enemies of his People as he had shewn his Salvation by themselves in the same Controversie to that day Several Fires yet burst out in many parts of the Kingdome one in Barnaby-street in Southwark and new diseases were most rife and mortal This Easter-Term one Mr. George Coney a Merchant having been committed by the Commissioners of the Customes to the Serjeant at Arms for refusing to obey their Orders and Fine set for not paying the dues of some Merchandizes brought his Habeas Corpus in the Kings-Bench where he intended to disprove the Authority and Legality of his Commitment and baffle-their Warrant To this purpose Serjeant Maynard Twisden and Mr. Wadham Windham were retained of Counsel by him who pleading such matters for their Client as entrenched upon the Protector 's pretensions and his Publicans Power in that place into which profitable Employment they had scrued themselves by a pretence of serving the publick gratis and without any Salary were instantly committed to the Tower to consider better of Cromwel's Prerogative and to help his Jaylor Berkstead the Lieutenant thereof with the Fees of that chargeable Imprisonment where no Habeas Corpus would be allowed except upon the Knee their enlargement being granted upon their Petition and Submission to the Usurper Those and the like Forces and violences in the Law and the fear of infaming the Bench and his own Credit made Chief-Justice Rolles relinquish his place and sue for a Quietus est just as old Sir Henry Vane deceased
his interest and the Cause being the same the same Mercies have been continued And I doubt not but if the intended Change or rather Restitution be made as I hope it will the same God will continue his Blessings to that Good Old Cause wherein we are engaged and that good men will receive satisfaction by it Your Highness hath been told that the Title of King is upon the Foundation of Law and that a new Title must have a constitution to make the Laws relate unto it and that unto the Laws I shall onely adde this that a Title by relation is not so certain and safe as a Title upon the old Foundation of the Law and that a Title upon a present single Constitution as any new Title must be cannot be so firm as a Title both upon the present Constitution and upon the old Foundation of the Law likewise which the Title of King will be If any inconvenience should ensue upon your acceptance of this Title which the Parliament adviseth your Highness satisfaction will be that they did advise it On the contrary part if any inconvenience should arise upon your Highness refusal of this Title which the Parliament hath advised your burden will be the greater And therefore whatsoever may fall out will be better answered by your Highness complying with your Parliament than otherwise This question is not altogether new some instances have been given of the like to which I shall adde two or three The Title of the Kings of England in the Realm of Ireland was Lord of Ireland and the Parliament in the 33 year of Hen. 8. reciting that inconveniencies did arise there by reason of that Title did Enact that Hen. 8. should assume the Stile and Title of King of Ireland which in the Iudgement of this Parliament was preferred before the other In the State of Rome new Titles proved fatal to their Liberties Their case was not much unlike ours they were wearied with a Civil War and coming to a Settlement Cuncta discordiis civilibus â—â—ssa nomine principis sub imperium accepit some would not admit the Title Rex to be used but were contented to give the Titles of Caesar perpetuus Dictator Princeps Senatus Imperator Non sum Râ—x sed Caesar came at last to this Voluntas Caesaris pro lege habebatur The Northern people were more happy amongst themselves a private Gentleman of a Noble Family took up Arms with his Country-men against a Tyrant and by the blessing of God rescued their Native Liberties and Rights of their Country from the oppression of that Tyrant This Gentleman had the Title of Marshal given unto him which continued for some years Afterwards their Parliament judging it best to resume the old Title Elected this Gentleman King and with him was brought in the liberty of Protestant Religion and the establishment of the Civil Rights of that people which have continued in a prosperous condition ever since unto this day Sir I shall make no other application but in my prayers to God to direct your Highness and the Parliament as I hope be will to do that which will be most for his honour and the good of his people Cromwel's Speech to the Parliament in the Banquetting-house at White-hall the 8 of May. Mr. Speaker I Come hither to answer that that was in your last Paper to your Committee you sent to me which was in relation to the desires which were offered to me by the House in that they called their Petition I confess that business hath put the House the Parliament to a great deal of trouble and spent much time I am very sorry that it hath cost me some and some thoughts and because I have been the unhappy occasion of the expence of so much time I shall spend little of it now I have the best I can revolved the whole business in my thoughts and I have said so much already in testimony of the whole that I think I shall not need to repeat any thing that I have said I think it is a Government that the aims of it seek much a setling the Nation on a good foot in relation to Civil Rights and Liberties which are the Rights of the Nation and I hope I shall never be found to be of them that shall go about to Rob the Nation of these Rights but to serve them what I can to the attaining of them It hath also exceeding well provided for the safety and security of honest men in that great Natural and Religious Liberty which is Liberty of Conscience These are great Fundamentals and I must bear my testimony to them as I have and shall do still so long as God lets me live in this World that the intentions of the things are very honourable and honest and the Product worthy of a Parliament I have onely had the unhappiness both in my Conferences with your Committees and in the best thoughts I could take to my self not to be convicted of the necessity of that thing that hath been so often insisted upon by you to wit the Title of King as in it self so necessary as it seems to be apprehended by your selves and I do with all honour and respect to the judgment of the Parliament testifie that caeteris patibus no private judgement is to lye in the Ballance with the judgement of a Parliament but in things that respect particular persons every man that is to give an account to God of his actions he must in some measure be able to prove his own Work that is to have an approbation in his own Conscience of that he is to do or forbear and whilst you are granting others Liberties surely you will not deny me this it being not onely a liberty but a duty and such a duty as I cannot without sinning forbear to examine my own Heart and thoughts and judgement in every work which I am to set mine Hand to or to appear in or for I must confess therefore that though I do acknowledge all the other yet I must be a little confident in this that what with the circumstances that accompany Humane Actions whether they be circumstances of time or persons whether circumstances that relate to the whole or private or particular circumstances that compass any person that is to render an account of his own actions I have truely thought and do still think that if I should at the best do any thing on this account to answer your expectation it would be at the best doubtingly and certainly what is so is not of faith whatsoever is not of faith is sin to him that doth it whether it be with relation to the substance of the action about which the consideration is conversant or whether to circumstances about it which make all indifferent actions good or evil to him that doth it I lying under this consideration think it my duty onely I could have wished I had done it sooner for the sake of the House
Affairs at a stand till something were resolved in this point they came in a very full House to this well-qualified Resolution Resolved That this House will transact with the persons now sitting in the Other House as an House of Parliament during this present Parliament And that it is not hereby intended to Exclude such Peers as have been faithful to the Parliament from their priviledge of being duly summoned to be Members of that House The House of Commons between the Protector the Other House and the General Council of Officers now summoned to meet at Wallingford-house may well be conceived at this time to have had a Wolf by the Ears and having shewed themselves English-men and not Slaves had reason to entertain wary Counsels having some of their own Members undermining them without doors and foreseeing a Dissolution though not knowing whether they should die a Violent or Natural death or have a mixt kinde of Disease as it fell out afterwards And therefore they resolved not to own them in the Other House as Lords but called them The persons now sitting in the Other House of Parliament neither would they treat and confer with them in the usual way as with the House of Peers and therefore found out the new word of Transacting and not intending to have to do with them but for a tryal they limited the time to be during this present Parliament which they foresaw would not be long and to Muzzle the new inconsiderable Upstarts sufficiently if they should take too much upon them they asserted the priviledge of the ancient Peers as a good reserve if the Parliament should by the Protector and Army be suffered upon second thoughts to sit longer than was first intended And resolved also That they would receive no Message from those persons sitting in the Other House but by some of their own number The House of Commons by this time had also by a Saving Vote concerning the Fleet asserted their interess in the Militia and had under consideration an Act for taking away all Laws Statutes and Ordinances concerning the Excise and new Impost and concerning Customes Tunnage and Poundage after three years And had vindicated the peoples Liberties by setting Major-General Overton and Mr. Portman and divers others illegally committed by the late Protector at Liberty without paying Fees and declaring their Imprisonment and Detention illegal and unjust and had their Lord-Jaylor Berkstead and others at their Bar under question for the same who was also Arrested upon the Exchange in London at the Suit of the said Overton for false Imprisonment And had also a high resentment of the illegal sending Free-born English-men against their wills to the Barbadoes and other Forrain Plantations and to the Isles of Guernsey and Iersey out of the reach of the Writ of Habeas Corpus and had appointed a strict Bill to be prepared for remedy thereof And had Examined and discovered many other Grievances brought upon the people by the Officers and Farmers of the Excise and others and by Major-Generals amongst which Butler was for his insolent actings and high affronts to the Law and Courts of Justice put out of the Commission of the Peace and a Committee appointed to draw up an Impeachment against him The Committee also for Inspection before-mentioned had brought in and reported to the House the state of the publick Accounts and of the Martial and Civil Lists in the three Nations by which it did appear That the yearly Incomes of England Scotland and Ireland came to Eighteen hundred sixty eight thousand seven hundred and seventeen pounds And the yearly Expences to Two Millions two hundred and one thousand five hundred and forty pounds So that Three hundred thirty two thousand eight hundred twenty three pounds of Debt incurred yearly by the ill management of double the Revenue that ever King of England enjoyed And to maintain the unjust Conquest of Scotland cost us yearly One hundred sixty three thousand six hundred and nineteen pounds more than the Revenue it yielded Many other particulars were under their consideration as to the Religion and Civil Rights of the people too long now to be mentioned but in short to give them their due they did some good whilest they sate both to the publick and particulars and intended much more and did no hurt gave no Offices nor Gratuities to themselves out of the publick Treasure nor granted any money from the people which is more than can be said of any Parliament in our memory Proceeding thus successfully and hopefully to the general satisfaction of the people in the three Nations who chose them the Protector and chief Officers of the Army who were jealous of one another before and Competitors for Government grew now jealous of the House of Commons also who being the Representatives of the people were become also their Minions and Favourites It was therefore now thought seasonable to contend among themselves for the power before the people should recover it from them both In order to which the General Council of Officers kept their constant Meetings at Wallingford-house and the Protector with his party countermined them at White-hall but we must interrupt the thred of this story to iâ—tromit the year 1659. which began with the Voyage into the Sound Anno Dom. 1659. THe former respects and mutual designes betwixt the King of Sweden and Cromwel which had been promoted so far as to a Treaty concerning places of caution for our Engagement and Expence in the Danish War Elsenore-Castle newly taken by the Swede Gottenburgh in his own Province being demanded and Gluckstad and another place offered in lieu thereof though without any conclusion by the Death of Cromwel obliged his son Richard and the Council upon the request of the Swede to send a Fleet into the Baltick-sea and in the mean time Sea-Officers and Seamen were taken into his Service who set to Sea in December before but by stormy and cold weather were forced back again divers of them by the hardship of the Voyage dying at their return under the Command of Sir George Ayscue who was upon his arrival to be Commissioned High-Admiral of Sweden to mate the Dutch who then openly sided with the Dane and had a Fleet of War ranging thereabouts The Parliament likewise to secure the Commerce and Trade of those parts condescended to the Expedition with the Conditions and Limitations aforesaid At the end of March General Montague was Commissioned by Richard with a Fleet of 40 sail of the best ships and manned accordingly who in ten days time from Yarmouth arrived at the Scaw and so to Elsenore where the King of Sweden was before the Dutch Vice-Admiral de Ruyter who was coming with another Fleet out of Holland to re-inforce his Admiral Opdam then at Copenhagen The General here met with Instructions from his Majesty to whose Cause he had upon the disposition of affairs betwixt the Army and Protector devoted himself
which this Kingdom hath been involved since the violent attempts to dissolve the Established Government the best way to make up those breaches is by all means to obtain the Restoration of the King to his people and that in order thereunto a Letter from both Houses drawn up by a Committee shall be sent to the King giving him thanks for his gracious Offers and professing their duty and loyalty to him and that Sir Iohn Greenvil have the thanks of the House and 500 l. bestowed on him by the Commons to buy him a Jewel as a Testimony of the respects of the House to him and a badge of Honour which they thought fit to place upon him all which was with great solemnity punctuality performed Moreover to testifie their hearty obedience to his Majesty they ordered the sum of 50000 l. as a Present for him which was instantly borrowed with 50000 l. more of the City of London who having desired leave of the Parliament returned a like dutiful Answer with a Present also to his Majesty and his two Brothers having honourably received the Lord Viscount Mordant and the said Sir Iohn Greenvil who brought them his Majesty's Letters who also acknowledged their Quality and good Offices by 300 l. given them to buy them Rings Nor were the Souldiery wanting to this concourse and stream of general Affection and Loyalty to his Majesty for upon communication of his Majesty's Letters and Declaration they quickly drew up an Address to the General wherein they shewed their willing and ready submission as formerly in all Transactions to him their General so in this their perfect Duty to the King To whom they doubted not to evince that his Excellencie and the Army under his Command and those engaged in the Parliaments Cause had complied with the Obligations for which they were raised The Preservation of the Protestant Religion the Honour and Happiness of the King the Priviledges of Parliament the Liberty and Proprieties of the Subject and the Fundamental Laws of the Land This was seconded by the Navy under the General Montague now Earl of Sandwich to whom and the Fleet under him the King had sent the like Letters and Declaration the Sea ringing with the peals of Ordnance upon the communication of the said Papers and lastly the Governour Colonel Harlow and Garrison of Dunkirk did the same by an Address to his Excellencie A Committee was appointed to consider the manner of his Majesties Return and to prepare all things necessary for his Reception they likewise ordered his Majesty's Arms to be set up in all Churches and the Commonwealths to be taken down and that all Proceedings be in the Kings Majesties name and that the present Great Seal be made use of till further order that there might be no hindrance or stop in the proceeding of Justice Easter-Term was likewise prorogued that no business might interfere with this grand and expected Affair of the Settlement of the Kingdom All Officers as Sheriffs Justices that were in commission the 25 of April to continue and exercise the respective Offices in the King's Name It was Resolved further That the King's Majesty be desired to make a speedy return to his Parliament and to the exercise of his Kingly-Office and that in order thereunto several Commissioners from both Houses be sent to the King at Breda with their Letters to his Majesty Doctor Clargys now Sir Thomas the General 's Brother having been before sent with his to the King and to acquaint him with the said Desires and Votes of the Houses To these Commissioners others were added from the City of London the Names of them all are as followeth For the House of Lords Earl of Oxford Earl of Warwick staid at London sick of the Gout Earl of Middlesex Lord Viscount Hereford Lord Berckley Lord Brook For the House of Commons The Lord Fairfax Lord Bruce Lord Falkland Lord Castleton Lord Herbert Lord Mandevil Sir Horatio now Lord Townsend Sir Anthony now Lord Ashly Cooper Sir George Booth now Lord De la mere Denzill now Lord Hollis Sir Henry Holland Sir Iohn Cholmley For the City of London Sir Iames Bunce Baronet Alderman Langham Alderman Reynardson Alderman Sir Richard Browne Sir Nicholas Crisp Alderman Tompson Alderman Frederick Alderman Adams Sir William Wilde Recorder Sir Iohn Robinson Alderman Sir Anthony Bateman Sir William Wale Sir Theophilus Biddulph Sir Richard Ford Sir William Vincent Sir Thomas Bludworth Sir William Bateman Sir Iohn Lewis Master Chamberlain and Sir Laurence Bromfield all of them not Knighted before Knighted by the King at the Hague upon their arrival the King being removed thither from Breda as nearer and more convenient for his shipping the disposal whereof and of the whole Fleet was remitted to his Majesty's pleasure the General Montague having received Orders to obey his Majesty's Commands and Directions therein The Instructions being delivered to the Commissioners they set Sail in several Frigots appointed to attend them and with some foul Weather Landed in Holland where they were graciously and favourably received by his Majesty at the Hague I may not omit that the reception of Sir Thomas Clergys from the General was as an Embassador from a Prince the Lord Gerard with many Coaches being sent to conduct him to Audience where Mr. Hollis into whose hands the Letters were intrusted for the delivery spoke for the House of Commons the Earl of Oxford for the Lords and Sir William Wilde for the City Those that were there at their Audience agreed in Opinion that never person spoke with more affection or in better terms than Master Hollis He insisted chiefly upon the Miseries the Kingdoms had groaned under by the tyranny of the pretended Parliament and Cromwel which should now be exchanged into their repose quiet and lawful liberty beseeching his Majesty in the name of his people to return and resume the Scepter c. and assured him he should be infinitely welcome without any terms a thing so much stomacked by the Phanaticks but most just and honourable After several Treatments given the King by the Dutch which he shortned as much as he could and other Complements by Forraign Ministers to whom he gave publick Audience the Portugal only excepted and Spaniard having notice of the Fleets arrival which consisted of near Forty Sail of great Men of War he prepared to depart At this time came also to his hands the Proclamation made in London as a little before returned Sir Iohn Greenvil with the happy news of his peoples love and entire affection The Proclamation followeth being very fit to be recorded that which we mentioned in the second Part being but an earnest of this ALthough it can no way be doubted but that his Maiesties Right and Title to these Crowns and Kingdoms is and was every way compleat by the Death of his most Royal Father of Glorious Memory without the Ceremony or Solemnity of a Proclamation Yet since
lodged ten of them in the Blew-Anchor Alehouse by the Postern which house they maintained Soon after came Lieutenant-Colonel Cox with his Company and surrounded all places about it In the interim part of the Yellow aforesaid had gotten up into the Tylings of the next House which they threw off and fired in the Rebels being in the uppermost Room who even then refused Quarter when at the very same time another File of Muskets got up the Stairs and having shot down the door entred upon them six of them were killed before another wounded and one refusing of Quarter then also was knockt down with the But-end and afterwards shot with a Musket The rest being demanded why they craved not quarter before answered They durst not for fear their own Fellows should shoot them such was their Resolution and Desperation The whole number of this last Insurrection cannot be reckoned to more than Fifty Persons though not above Forty were ever seen together yet so great was their confidence in the Revelations of their Teachers that they presumed to Subdue and Conquer with that small remnant alluding to that History of Gideon recorded in Holy Writ admitting of no other Sect but the Quakers and but those also who agreed with them in the Tenet of their Monarchy being the nearest of Affinity to their Enthusiastick Opinions to have the honour of partaking with them in this their great and glorious Design as they termed it in their aforesaid Declaration wherein they further Blasphemously said That if they were deceived or misled 't was God that deceived them laying their delusions and charging their sinful and desperate folly upon him as the Author In this Tumult and Rebellious Insurrection were slain of the Kings People Twenty two and as many of the Traytors most whereof were killed in Houses and some after being taken Prisoners for refusing to tell their Names were presently shot There were taken Twenty besides a few upon suspicion the Twenty were as followeth viz. Thomas Venner the Wine-cooper their Captain Roger Hodgkins a Button-seller in St. Clements-lane Lumbard-street Leonard Gowler Ionas Allen Iohn Pym William Orsingham William Ashton Giles Pritchard A Cow-keeper Stephen Fall Iohn Smith William Corbet Iohn Dod Iohn Elston Thomas Harris Iohn Gardener Robert Bradley Richard Marten Iohn Patshal Robert Hopkins and Iohn Wells five of these had been in the design against Oliver as before These were brought to the Bar together the Wounded-men had Chairs allowed them and after the Indictment read to them which was laid both to Treason and Murther Thomas Venner was first called who when he had held up his hand at his Arraignment being asked Guilty or Not Guilty began a wild Phanatique discourse about his Conversation in New England and concerning the Fifth Monarchy and the Testimony within him above these Twenty years with such like impertinent discourses and stories He confessed he was in the late Rising but was not guilty of Treason intending not to levy War against the King and so sallied out into the same nonsensical defences as at first but at the Court's instance of his Pleading directly to the Indictment he answered Not Guilty and put himself upon his Country In the like manner Hodgkins after some rambling diversions from his present Business and the Threats of the Court of his being Recorded Mute and the submission of the rest of his Fellows who all pleaded after some previous excursions in their way and manner pleaded likewise to the Indictment whereupon the Witnesses being sworn two against every particular Person they made it appear That Venner Tufney and Cragg the two last whereof were slain in the Business did several times perswade their Congregation to take up Arms for King Jesus against the Powers of the Earth which were his Majesty the Duke of York and the General That they were to kill all that opposed them That they had been Praying and Preaching but not Acting for God That they Armed themselves at their Meeting-house in Coleman-street with Blunderbusses Musquets c. and other particular Evidence against each to matter of Fact The proof against Martin Hopkins and Wells was not so full and against Patshal only one Witness who were acquitted by the Jury The other sixteen being found Guilty and brought to the Bar were demanded to shew Cause why Sentence should not pass against them c. The Lord Chief Justice Foster charging this Venner with the Blood of his Complices by his Seduction and leading of them He answered He did not To which the Witnesses being produced again he Blasphemously quibled and said It was not he but Iesus that led them Three of them confest their Crime and Error and craved Mercy so they were all sixteen Condemned to be Hang'd Drawn and Quartered According to which Sentence on Saturday Ianuary 19 1660 Venner and Hodgkins both uncured of the Wounds they received in their Rebellion being guarded by two Companies of the Trained-Bands were drawn on a Sledge from Newgate through Cheapside over against their Meeting-house in Swar-Alley in Coleman-street and Executed according to their Sentence Venner spoke little but in vindication of himself and his Fact and something of his Opinion being confident the Time was at hand when other Iudgment would be reflecting much upon the Government The other Hodgkins raved and cursed in manner of Praying calling down Vengeance from Heaven upon the King the Iudges and the City of London nor would he give over though the Sheriff forbad him to run on in that strange way until the Hang-man was hastned from his Imployment of Quartering Venner to turn him off so as in that mad Religion they lived in the same they dyed Their Quarters were set upon the Four Gates of the City by the late Executed Regicides whose Quarrel and Revenge they undertook in this their Phanatique Attempt their Heads also set upon Poles by some of them on London-Bridge On Munday the Twenty first of Ianuary Nine more of them were Executed all in one Morning at five several places by one Executioner Two at the West-end of St. Pauls two at the Bâ—ll and Mouth two at Beech-lane Two at the Royal Exchange and a notable Fellow the last by name Leonard Gowler at Bishops-Gate They all obstinately persisted in their Error especially the last who began with Imprecations like Hodgkins and was silenced the same way by the Command of the Sheriff excepting a Young man who was Harged in Redcross-street who did relent and Repent of his Sin and the Blood he had spilt but yet dyed in the Opinion of Chilianism After they were cut down the Sentence was not Executed upon them to the full only their Heads were cut off and set upon London-Bridge Most remarkable was the prudence and valour of the Right Honorable Sir Richard Brown the Lord Major in this tumultuary and dangerous Insurrection He it was whom they designed as a Sacrifice to their first outrages and had they met with a person of
Duke of Ormond who hath so often Governed this Realm hath given the greatest pledges of assurance of an happy Establishment whose beginning I will not trouble with the short-lived rumours of Commotions and Stirs now very frequent and rise by the Arts of our Male-Contents Thus far have I deduced the account of the Three Kingdoms from the most Funest War to a blessed and most promising Peace to us and our Posterity and may there be in the succeeding years of His Majesties and his Royal Progenies Reign which Almighty God derive through innumerable descents no other occasion of our Pens than the gratulatory Records of our undisturbed unalterable Repose Plenty and Tranquillity A BRIEF ACCOUNT Of the most Memorable TRANSACTIONS IN ENGLAND SCOTLAND and IRELAND AND Forein Parts From the Year 1662 to the Year 1675. LONDON Printed by I. C. for T. Basset at the George near Cliffords-Inne in Fleetstreet 1676. A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF TRANSACTIONS IN ENGLAND SCOTLAND and IRELAND c. THere is a justice due to the Memory of Actions as well as the Memory of Men and therefore since the times of Usurpation have had the favour done them as to have the Transactions of those Years publikely recorded though to the shame of those Times that had nothing but Enormity to signalize 'em with more justice may we assay to take a short view of those great and Noble Actions perform'd in the succeeding Years Not that we pretend to a History but in short â—â—â—nals and brief Collections to facilitate the way for those that shall hereafter take a larger and more considerable pains Anno Dom. 1663. THat which the expectations of people were most fix'd upon the beginning of this Year was the Session of Parliament which beginning on the 19 th of February 1662 continued to the 27 th of Iuly 1663. The first thing remarkable was a Petition of both Houses Representing that notwithstanding his Majesties unquestionable zeal and affection to the Protestant Religion manifested by his constant prosession and practice against all temptations whatsoever yet by the great resort of Iesuits and Romish Priests into the Kingdom the Subject was generally much affected with jealousie that the Popish Religion might much encrease and the Church and State be thereby insensibly disturb'd upon which the King set forth a Proclamation Commanding all Iesuits and Irish Scotch and English Priests to depart the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales before the 14 th of May then next ensuing upon pain of having the penalty of the Laws inflicted upon them But while they are bringing other Consultations to maturity many other things preceding the Conclusion of their deliberations are to be related In April his Majesty kept the Feast of St. George at Windsor where the Duke of Monmouth and the Prince of Denmark by his Deputy Sir George Carteret Vice-chamberlain were install'd Knights of the Garter Toward the later end of May came News from Iamaica that the English under the Command of Capt. Mymms being about 800 men had made an attempt upon the City of Campeach in the Golden Territories of the King of Spain and that they took the Town though defended with four Forts and 3000 men But the Spaniards having intelligence of their coming had sent away their Women and Riches yet though they miss'd their chief aim they took the Governour brought away 50 pieces of Ordnance and 14 Ships which were in Harbor The beginning of Iune brought News of a Conspiracie of several wicked persons in Ireland who were endeavoring to raise a new Rebellion there by surprizing the Castle of Dublin The Designe was to have been put in execution upon the 21 th of May and the Dâ—ke of Ormond first to be seiz'd To which effect divers persons with Petitions in their hands were to wait in the Castle while 80 Foot in the disguise of Handicrafts-men attended without Their business it was to trifle about for an opportunity to surprize the Guards The Plot was discovered and 500 lib. a head set upon five of the Ringleaders to what persons soever should apprehend them About this time his Majesty caus'd the Earl of Middleton's Commission as Commissioner of Scotland to cease and appointed the Earl of Rothes to succeed him in the same Quality On the third of Iune His Majesty by his Commission under the Great Seal of England to the Lord Chancellor Lord Treasurer Lord Privy Seal Duke of Albemarle Marquess of Dorchester and Lord High Chamberlain pass'd ten Bills which were all private ones but three of which the chiefest was for repair of the High-ways of Huntington Hertford and Cambridge-shires About the beginning of December Mr. Paul Rycaut Secretary to the Earl of Winchelsey came from Constantinople bringing with him the Grand Seigniors Ratifications of the several Treaties made with Argier and as a mark of the Kings satisfaction in the management of his Employment and the Message he brought His Majesty was pleas'd to honour him with a fair gold Chain and a Medal No less mindful was he of the Loyalty of his Island of Iersey and as a reward thereof muâ—â—bout the same time he order'd a stately silver Mace richly gilt to be bestowed upon the Bayliff or Chief Magistrate of the Island to be born ever after before him and his Successors as an honourable Badge of his Majesties affection to them for their constant adhering both to his Father and Himself It was received with all imaginable demonstrations of joy and the first that had the honour to have it born before him was Philip Carteret Esq. Brother to Sir George Vice-Chamberlain to his Majesty But now so loud and so hainous were the rebellious Treasons daily discovered in the North that it was thought convenient to give requitals of another nature and in the depth of winter to send a Commission of Oyer and Terminer to York for trial of the most notorious Offenders in that Conspiracie Seventeen were first arraign'd ten of which appeared to have been actually in arms at Farnley-wood The Plot was excellently open'd to have been a Designe which came from the Bishoprick about a year before and that an Intelligence was settled between the disaffected there and in Yorkshire as also in Ipswich in Suffolk and other Counties an Oath of Secresie taken and Agents employ'd at London and in the West of England for assistance In Iune preceding two Agitators were sent into Scotland to reconcile the Sectaries there who were entertained at one Oldroyd's house in Deusbury commonly known by the name of the Devil of Deusbury and afterwards divers meetings were appointed at a place called Stanh-house in York-shire Whereupon Marshden and Palmer were sent to London as Agitators to the Secret Committee there and at their return brought Orders to rise the 12 th of Octob. with assurance that the Insurrection should be general and Whitehal be attempted Nottingham Glocester and Newcastle were to be seized as Passes
100 taken Prisoners Several of the Rebels were afterwards Sentenced and Executed among the rest Corson that first began the Mutiny and Malkel their Minister a main Incendiary of the people so that in a short time all things were reduc'd to their former quietness In imitation of England the Barbadoes another England in the other part of the World would not suffer the same Enemies of both to lie undisturb'd To which purpose the Lord Willoughby Governour of the Caribby Islands having set forth from the Barbadoes a considerable Fleet well Man'd and Victuall'd set sail from thence upon some particular designe and in his way burnt two ships richly laden in the Harbour of Los Santos and took two other Prizes but as he was in pursuit of his further designe there arose a Hurricane so violent that their Cables giving way they were forc'd to abandon themselves to the rage of the Storm which continued with that extremity that they were wholly separated and dispersed and the Lord Willoughby himself absolutely lost In Ianuary the Convention of the Estates of Scotland met according to appointment where the Oath of Allegeance being administred and taken by the several Members they fell upon the publick concernments as securing the Kingdom from publick and Domestick Dangers and how to put the same into a posture of defence and for the raising so much Money as should be thought convenient to defray the charge and thereupon 6000 l. per Moneth was agreed on for the entertainment of such Forces as should be employ'd in his Majesties service But in the parts neer Surinam the English were more successful than at the Barbadoes where they having destroy'd and ruin'd a considerable Colony of the Dutch at Apecawaca resolved to attempt something likewise upon the French and particularly to attack the Fort of Sinamary which they took together with fifty Prisoners and the Governour besides what were slain The English dismantled the Fort and carried away all the Guns and Ammunition Captain Reade also passing up the Canessa toward the Berbices a very populous Creek inhabited by the Enemy he landed at Carenteen and marching twenty miles by Land took the Fort of the Arawaces taking Men Women and Children Captives and much Booty with little or no loss But though it were how December some English Vessels were still abroad And among the rest Captain Robinson who lighting upon three Dutch Men of War neer the Texel destroy'd them all in requital of which curtesie the Dutch not long after took the Saint Patrick off of Portsmouth deserted by her own Fire-ship At the conclusion of the Year Captain Vtbert return'd from the Streights with the Squadron under his Command and seven Dutch Prizes Forein Affairs 1666. The King of France having receiv'd a very high Affront from the Great Turk in the person of his Embassador thought no way better than to send the same person again to require satisfaction for the repair of his Masters Honour But the Turk retaining in his minde the attempt upon Gigery and the Succours sent the Emperour would hearken to no Proposition that might add to the Honour of his solemn Entry so that he was forc'd at last to land as it were Incognito and privately attended to walk from the Ship to his House He went with much pomp to his Audience and at his Entry made several stops expecting the Visier would have risen to him but finding no more respect he sate down upon the Stool appointed for him and in his Masters Name whom he stil'd Emperour of France demanded more Honour to be done him But the Visier incens'd with the manner of his demanding it broke out into a passion which the French Embassador resenting rose from his seat and in going away thrâ—w the Capitulations with the Case over his Shoulder which hit the Visier on the Brest upon which the Visier commanded his Officers to apprehend and strike him which was accordingly performed and he hurried out of the Chamber where he had received several boxes of the Ear and blows upon the Brest and was carried Prisoner to the Bashaw's House where he was kept Prisoner in a base low Room under the Stairs and there detained four days till by the Intercession of the English Embassador he was deliver'd The King of France had sent a person of quality to be a Witness of the Great Turk'â— submission but he became a fairer testimony of his Embassador's hard usage The Electors of Brandenburgh and Colen the Dukes of Newburgh and Brunswick laboured hard to finde out ways expedient for composing the Differences between the Bishop of Munster and the States of the Vnited Provinces and with them the Emperour and the Princes of the Dyet at Ratisbone so that at length the Bishop was over-perswaded to conclude a Peace which was accordingly sign'd toward the beginning of the Year though he had received 100000 Rix-dollars from the King of England for carrying on the War but it lasted not long for when the King of France became their Enemy he broke it again which was not long after At Musco great alterations had like to have fallen out in matters of Religion For a certain Fâ—yaâ— in his Sermons endeavouring to make the people wiseâ— than formerly they had been in that ignorant Country among other Doctrines that were new â—here instructed them That Images signified nothing and therefore were not to be worshipped That the Saints know nothing of our Prayers to them and consequently were not to be call'd upon Which wrought so powerfully upon the people that many hundreds of them began to reform their ancient practice and openly refused the use of Pictures But a great party of Souldiers being sent immediately to reduce them from their Heresie frighted the generality into a Recantation some 20 persisting in their new Faith were burnt and 30 more hanged to terrifie the rest This being the second attempt of this nature in that blinde paâ—t of the World In Poland the difference between that King and Lubomirskie still continu'd But the generality of the Polish Nobility not only appeard to Mediate on his behalf but seeing no effect of their Mediation entred into a Confederacy with him against the King This brought the King to hearken to some terms of Agreement But while both sides were at work busie to contrive it the Royal Party endeavouring to put a more speedy end to those Affairs attempted to have surpris'd the Confederates at unawares but the Design was so timely discover'd that Lubomirskie by an Ambuscado of his best Troops cut off above Five Thousand of the Kings Souldiers in such a place where the King was forc'd to look on and behold the Slaughter of his men without being able to Assist them Whether upon this occasion or no is uncertain but a Peace immediately ensued between the King and the Confederates upon Condition of a General Act of Oblivion an Evacuation of Garrisons and the
Confederates to be Dissolv'd Soon after Lubomirskie with both his Sons kiss'd the Kings Hands and took the Oath of Fidelity Last Year you heard how Sabaday the great upstart Prophet to the Iews went to Constantinople to dâ—mand the Land of Promise for the Iews but upon his Arrival the Great Turk consulting with his Mufti and one of his Judges what to do with him concluded That he was to be dealt with as a Traytor to the Ottoman Empire and so to be Flea'd alive after which that People fell very severely upon the Iews and slew a great Number of them But the Sentence was respited and he only sent to the Prison of the Seven Towers in the Dardanelli from whence he wrote a Letter to the Hebrews in Smyrna encouraging them to stand fast in their Opinion after that taking upon him the Title and Personage of a Great King and Prophet insomuch that many Thousands of his Religion made their Visits to him in the Prison But the Visier taking notice of the great Confluence of People to him and fearing their Principles might lead them to some Action prejudicial to the Government gave Order to bring him from the Dardanels to Adrianople where being by a Learned Iew of his own Country after seven days Conference with him found to be an Impostor the Grand Visier so wrought upon him by Threats and Promises that he was content to lay his Royal Titles aside and to take a servile Employment upon him in the Grand Signiors Court leaving to his Country-men only Shame and Repentance To visit Sweden in the Circuit of this Year we find the Swedish Prince highly offended with the City of Bremen for encroaching too much upon the Priviledges of that Crown and assuming upon themselves to be a free Member of the Empire After tedious Parleys they come to Blows Wrâ—ngle lays close Seige but Brandenburgh Lunenburgh and the Dutch Engage in their Defence bringing their Forces together for their Relief the noise whereof for the Enemy now drew near so far wrought upon the Swede that he was willing to come to Composition and at length Articles are agree'd upon and the Siege rais'd upon condition That they should clayme no Vote or Session in the Meetings of the nether Circle That they should pay their Contributions as thereby directed That the Works of the City built upon the Kings Ground should continue That they should forbear to use the Title of a Free Imperial City For other things to enjoy their Customs Priviledges and Ecclesiastical and Civil Rights as in the Treaty 1648. But the Venetians have their Hands full the Great Turk bending all his Forces to the Conquest of Candia The Grand Visier had already laid Siege to the Great Town and rais'd a Battery near the Lazaret to hinder the Passage of the Veneâ—ian Ships for its Relief and was so offended with the Bassa of Canea and Candia Nova that he took off their Heads for being defective in their Duties as he pretended the Summer before The Venetians on the other side were very sâ—dulous in the Defence of their Territories solliciting all their Neighbouring Princes and having already receiv'd great Encouragements from the Pope and therefore the Event of the Siege was to be this Year Discovered Anno Dom. 1667. THE Swedes had offer'd a mediation last Year between the King of England and the States of Holland the result whereof was That the King of England did accept of Breda for the place of Treaty and would send for the Management thereof the Lord Hollis and Mr. Henry Coventry so soon as the Passports necessary for their Transportation should be ready which being communicated by the Swedish Embassadors they embraced the Offer most willingly however their preparations for setting out their Fleet were carried on with all imaginable diligence which the King of England saw but resolving that they should waste this Summer in a fruitless expence stood only upon his own Guard Some Ships the English had abroad but not to do any considerable Service but what their own Courage when they accidentally fell in with the Enemy led them to among the rest Captain Dawes in the Elizabeth meeting with 15 Sail of Rotterdam Men of War Fought with their Rear-Admiral of 64 Guns and Five others of 48 and 50 Guns and presently after with the Admiral of 70 Guns and two of his Seconds yet got clear of them all forcing the Enemy to lye by the Lee. Not long after the same Frigat engaged with Two Danish Men of War of 40 Guns apiece where after four hours Fight Captain Dawes was slain with a great Shot yet had the heart to Cry For God's sake never yield the Frigat to those Fellows Not long after the Lieutenant being desperately wounded the Master succeeding him slain the Gunner took place who so well ply'd the two Danes that they Steer'd away to their own Shore while the English Anchor'd within a Mile of them to repair the Damages which they had receiv'd The next morning though but badly ready yet they resolv'd to expect the Danes again who though they were to Windward of the English and had the advantage of the Current yet they would not attempt any thing â—urther although the English shot off a Gun in Defiance but could by no means come nigh them and therefore bore a way for England By this time the English Embassadours are Arriv'd at Breda and had made their Publick Entrie which was very Solemn they were met a Mile from the Town by 200 Horse sent by the Governor with whom went the Commander of the Town in the Governors Coach the Horse led the Van then sixteen Pages on Horseback and after them four Trumpets in the King of England's Liverie after them the Gentlemen of the Horse to the Embassadors followed by the Mareschal of the Embassie who preceded the Embassadors Coach which was very rich drawn with six Horses besides three others of their own and the Governors At the Gate of the Town they were met and Complimented by the Governor who passed with them in their own Coach to their House but while they were busie at the Transactions of Peace it will not be amiss to follow the Dutch Fleet in their Military Progress About the beginning of Iune they appear'd abroad at Sea with a considerable Fleet and finding no Enemy to resist 'um they kept plying upon the English Coast for many weeks together They had toward the latter end of April made an Attempt with a Squadron of Ships upon Burnt Island in Scotland but were beaten off with loss Their next attempt was upon the Platform at Sheer-Ness which being a place of small strength and consequently unable to resist the Force of their Artillery after a stout resistance made was quitted by Sir Edward Sprague Animated with this Success with 22 Sail they made up toward the Chain though with some difficulty several Vessels being sunk about Muscle-Bank which was
agreed upon by the Respective Ministers meeting at the Spanish Embassador's-House at the Hague where they sign'd and exchang'd all acts thereto belonging Anno Dom. 1670. IN the beginning of April the Parliament having prepar'd several Acts ready for the King to signe the King came to the House of Lords and gave his Royal Assent signifying also his consent for an Adjournment till the 24 of October ensuing having only granted the King an Imposition upon all Wines and Vinegar for such a certain time And prepar'd a Bill to Authorize such Commissioners as the King should nominate for treating with the Scotch Commissioners in order to the Union desir'd This Moneth also the Lord Iohn Berkley arriv'd in Dublin to succeed the Lord Roberts as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland who upon weighty considerations was call'd back again into England And now in this time of leisure the Princess of Orleans comes to Dover to visit her two Brothers his Majesty and the Duke of York her stay in England was short and her stay in this World not much longer for in a short while after her return into France she departed this life the Court of England being not only grieved but astonished at the suddenness of her death Upon some apprehension of private designes a Proclamation was issu'd out commanding all Souldiers and Officers who had serv'd under the late Usurped Powers to depart the City and not to come within twenty miles of the same for a prefix'd time and in the mean while not to wear Arms upon a severe penalty The Parliament of Scotland now sitting and understanding what the Parliament of England had done in that Affair the Act for the Treaty of Union pass'd both Houses at Edenburgh and was touch'd by the Commissioner with the Royal Scepter of which although the designe were of high concernment yet because the Event was not correspondent it will be enough to say that the Commissioners on both sides had often Conferences and great encouragements from the King but it met with so many delays and difficulties that as a thing not to be compass'd it was at length laid aside The King was every year very intent upon the suppression of the Pyrates of Argier which was the only War he now had wherein though his Commanders had prosper'd by taking particular Prizes and single Ships yet never could they meet with a Body of those Rovers to signalize their Courage till now neither was this a Body of above seaven men of War too many for the Algerines to run the Fate they did There were the Hampshire Portsmouth Iersey and Centurion Frigats under the Command of Captain Beach these met the seven Argier Men of War the least of which had 38 Guns and full of Men who after a short dispute were forc'd to run all their Ships ashore where they were all burn'd two by themselves and the rest by the English besides the loss of most of their men and the Redemption of 250 Christian Captives Valour gets Renown but Cowardise Disgrace therefore Captain Iohn Peirce and Andrew Legate for the loss of the Saphire Fregat in the Streights were both about this time which was in September try'd for their Lives at a Court Marshal held upon the River of Thames where it plainly appearing that the said Frigat was basely and shamefully lost through the default and cowardise of the said Captain and Lieutenant they were both Condemn'd to be Shot to Death and soon after both Executed Both Houses of Parliament re-assembl'd according to their Adjournment This Month the Ratification of the Peace between England and Spain beyond the Line was agree'd and Ratifi'd and the Ratifications Exchang'd and Notice given to the Governors in those Parts for the punctual observation thereof on both sides In the mean while the Prince of Orange Arrives to give his Uncle a Visit He came to London upon the 30th of October but his stay here was not long However he visited both the Universities and his entertainmenâ— was in all places answerable to the Dignity of his Person His coming no question had a Mysterie in it but Mysteries of State are not to be div'd into However at the beginning of the Spring he return'd well satisfi'd both as to his Publick Reception and private Concerns In November Sir Thomas Allen return'd home with his Squadron having made many attempts upon the Pyrates of Argier whose Cowardice still shuning the English Force made the Voyage seem the less successful leaving Sir Edward Sprage in his Room December seldom passes without some act of Villany one more remarkable was at this time perform'd for the Duke of Ormond going home in his Coach was between St. Iames'â— and Clarendon-House by six persons Arm'd and Mounted forc'd out of his Coach and set behind one of the Company who was riding away with him but he was at length Rescu'd partly by his own strength partly by others coming to his Assistance A Fact which rendred the performers not so bold as it render'd the Duke Memorable in his Forgiveness Sir Edward Sprage was now the King's Admiral in the Mediterranean Sea of whose Action the next year must give a farther Accompt The Parliament having at this time compleated several Acts the King came to the House and gave his Royal Assent to them being chiefly for Regulation of the Law and for an Additional Excise upon Beer and Ale During this Session the Lords and Commons by their Humble Petition Represented to the King Their fears and apprehensions of the growth and encrease of the Popish Religion whereupon the King in compliance with their desires by His Proclamation commanded all Iesuits and English Irish and Scotch Priests and all others that had taken Orders from the See of Rome except such as were by Contract of Marriage to wait upon the Queen or Forreign Embassadors to depart the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales upon pain of having the Laws and Statutes of the Realm inflicted upon them Forrein Affairs 1670. The first occurrence of Moment is the Election of the new Pope Cardinal Altieri who at first refus'd the Honour but the perswasion of the Cardinals prevailing he told them they had open'd upon Him the Gates of Hell and so yielded to their importunity He had no Nephews and therefore Adopted Cardinal Paluzzi whose Brother had Married his Neece And now the Grandeur of the House of Orange began to revive again The States Concluding in a full Assembly his admission into the Council of State and setling an honourable Pension upon him Nor was he long without the Title of their Captain General by Sea and Land In Flanders some Alteration happen'd by reason that the Constable of Castile growing sickly could not abide the trouble of business any longer he departed privately to Ostend and so by Sea for Spain in his place the Count de Monterey was soon advanced While Tangier makes us concern'd
of defence they could but the English in the mean while attacquing them with their Fire-ships perform'd their business with so much valour and success that they â—et the most part of the Enemies ships on fire those which escap'd the Flame were seiz'd on by the English the Men of War were the principal ships of Argier And to compleat this Victory Captain Beach brought in to the rest another ship of 40 Guns and 350 men which he had but newly taken So that now Sir Edward Sprague believing that by this loss the Algerines might be brought to an easie accomodation made a speedy return to his station before that Port. This Moneth the King minding to look after the condition of his Western Sea-port-Towns made a kinde of a Sea-progress For arriving first at Portsmouth he went in his Yacht to the Isle of Wight where he took a view of the most considerable Ports of the Island thence he return'd to Hurst-Castle thence he went to view Corf-Castle thence returning for Portsmouth again he sail'd away attended by five Frigats for Plymouth thence back to Dartmouth with an intention to return by Land to London Observing this the great Proverb of The Masters Eye The Moors and we were not yet so friendly but that Taffalette proceeding in his designe of attempting all the Christian Sea-port-Towns upon the Coast of Barbary would needs visit Tangier giving a warm attacque upon the Fort call'd Anne-Fort though at a distance firing upon our men in Rank and File and falling back while others supplied their places being the first time the Moors were observ'd to fight in such order but finding our men too hot they soon retreated And thus are the Moors become a part of the English History Then was the Parliament again Prorogu'd from the 16 th of April following till the 30 th of October 1672. The King as it afterwards appeared having now his hands full of forrein Consultations Nor was it for nothing that so many Agents and Embassadors were sent abroad Coventry Esq. for Sweden the Lord Sunderland for Spain it being the great care of Princes to draw what assistance they can from their Enemies Sir George Downing for Holland it being no less their care to offer all honourable terms of Peace if they may be obtain'd At home his Majesty to reward Valour and Vertue in consideration of that stout and memorable action perform'd by Capt. Boddison Captain of the Swallow a Merchant-man of 150 Tuns and 26 Men who had fought against an Argerine of 36 Guns and having Boarded him several times forc'd him at last shamefully to leave him and six of his men-behinde was pleased to order the Captain a Gold-Chain and a Medal Nor was the City of London having its publick Buildings recovered out of the late Ruines to a greater Splendor and Beauty than heretofore less mindful to make an Invitation to his Majesty to honour their Lord-Mayor's Feast with his presence which he did accordingly to shew how much he was pleased to see the City so reviv'd from such a sad Calamity The issue of Sir Edward Sprague's success against the Pyrates of Argier was by this known in England for he returning from the destruction of their ships to his former station before Argier it self found a strange alteration among those people for the Aga had taken off their General 's Head and soon after five of this General 's Souldiers cut off the Kingâ— Head and brought it openly in to the Divan crying out they must have Peace with the English Upon this they created a new King who seeing the inclinations of the people constrain'd by their own necessities thought it his best way to enter into a Treaty which at length ended in a Peace as honourable and advantageous as ever was made between the English and those Rovers It could no longer now be conceal'd what the secret Counsels of the Great ones had so long been aiming at For now the King publickly intending War with the Dutch openly Declared That seeing all the Princes and States his Neighbours were making preparations for War both by Sea and Land he look'd upon himself obliged for the safety of his Government and protection of his People to make such preparations as should be answerable to the preservation of both to which end he had given order for fitting and setting out a considerable Navy against the Spring but Money was wanting and his own Revenues all anticipated and deeply engaged As therefore the necessity was inevitable the Course taken was extraordinary It being thought absolutely convenient to put a stop upon the paying of any Money then brought in or to be brought in to the Exchequer during the space of one whole year To which as to the last remedy as the King himself declared nothing could have moved him but such a conjuncture of affairs when all the Neighbouring Princes and States were making such threatning preparations that his Government could not be safe without appearing in the same posture About this time died Dr. Cosens Bishop of Durham and Count Palatine there in the 77 th year of his Age and was buried at Aukland neer Durham Sir George Downing being now in Holland according to his particular Instructions was very urgent with the States in the affair of the Flag and by several Instances and several Memorials press'd for an Answer to his Demands but finding all their delays insufferable and all his endeavours consequently fruitless in a few Moneths return'd for England but after a private Examination by some of the Lords of the Council and report made thereof to the King he was by his Majesty's Warrant committed to the Tower for not having obey'd the Orders sent him It was not safe while we are going to Wars abroad to have dissention at home and therefore the King put forth a seasonable Declaration of his will and pleasure freely to indulge all Nonconformists and dissenting persons in matters of Religion asserting however his resolution to maintain the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England as it was establish'd And now they who would return no answer to Sir George Downing are Summoned by Sir Robert Holmes to remember their Duty in another manner For upon the 13 th of this Moneth five of the King's Frigats crusing by the Isle of Wight met with the Dutch Fleet of Smyrna-men and others to the number of 50 Sail convoy'd by six Men of War Above 20 of their Merchant-men carried between twenty and forty Guns apiece The English Frigats coming neer shot at them to make them strike and lower their Sail which when the Dutch refus'd to do the Fight began in the Afternoon and continued till Night then three Frigats more coming in the next Morning they fought again and all that day In the Evening five of their richest Merchant-men were taken their Rear-Admiral was Boarded by Captain Iohn Holmes but was so leaky that she
Trim 164. Preston in Lancashire 178. Dunbar 273 Worcester 397 Beaufort encountered by Argier Pyratâ—s 546 Slain 576 Bâ—nnet Sir Humphrey 404 Benson Captain Executed 270 Beaumont a Minister Murthered at Pontfraict 227 Berkenhead Sir John Knighted 512 Berkley Sir John 98. Berkley Sir John and Col. Walter Slingsby 258 Bernard's Treachery rewarded 395 Betteley John Quartered 404 Bishops 12. Accused of high Treason to the Tower ten of them 26. Their Charge ibid. Restored to their Honours 502 Biddle an Infamous seducer 369 Blake blocks up Prince Rupert at Lisbon 256 At Lisbon again 267. A wary Commander 366. At Porto-Ferina defeats the Pyrates 372. Sails for the Coast of Spain 381. His desperate attempt upon the Spaniard in Sancta Cruz Fight 391. Fires the Spanish Fleet there ibid. Dies returning into England 402. His Character and Funeral ibid. Blackburn vide Moris Blackness yielded 288 Blechingdon-house 74 Blood attempts the Crown 580 Bourdeaux French Embassador owns Cromwel 359 Boys Sir John 62 Boyle Dean his management of affair with Cromwel about Articles for the English 252 Booth Sir George riseth in Cheshire 424 Defeated and taken 425. Sent to the Tower and Examined by Vane and Haslerig 426. Obtains his liberty of the Rump uppon Bail 433 Bramhal Dr. dies 522 Bradshaw the bold President of the high Court of Iustice 106 to 217. Dies 430 Bradshaw Agent at Hamburg and Denmark 334 Brain sent General to Jamaica 381 Brandenburghers 547 Mortogh O Brian lays down last Armes in Ireland 356 Breda the place of Treaty 560. English Embassadors there ibid. Plenipotentiaries meet Peace concluded 563 Bristol intended to be surprized for the King 45 46. Taken by his Forces 47. By Fairfax 87 Bristol Earl honoured with the Garter 344 Bridgewater taken 82 Brickbat flung at the Protector 's Coach 358 Broughton Col. 296 Broughil Lord lands in Munster with Forces from England 246. Defeats David Roch and hangs the Bishop of Ross 252. Brown Major-General 57. Reconciled to the King at Holmby 128. In a new designe discovered 434 Brown Bushel beheaded 285 Brooks Lord killed 42 Brunt-Island taken 294 Brunswick besieged and surrendred 583 Buchanan's Book burnt in Scotland 526 Buckingham Duke 177. sent into Holland 584 Buckhurst Lord c. 505 Burleigh Capt. 163 Butler Col. Richard taken 242 C Cahiâ— Castle weakly yielded 521 Calamy Minister Committed 514 Canons made against the Church of Rome and justifying this 12 Capel Lord Tryed and Sentenced 228. and Beheaded his noble deportment 229 Carlisle Earl sent into Sweden 572 Cavalcaâ—e and Procession from 474 to 486 Campeach taken 520 Canary prohibited 556 Candia besieged 559. Surrendred 577 Carlisle yielded to the Scots 106 Carnarvan slain 50 51 Casimire King of Poland dies in France 590 Carrick taken by Treachery 247. Attempted in vain to be recovered from Colonel Reynolds 248 Carteret Sir George Governour of Jersey 255 Castlehaven Earl for the King in Ireland and against the Nuntio's party 238 Casualties 315 Cavaliers to depart London 258. Conspire against Cromwel 366. Their Plot again discovered 401. They Plot against the Rump 423 Ceremonies in Religion one main cause of the War opposed and murmured at 2 3 Cessation granted by the Scots upon very difficult terms 15 Cessation agreed in Ireland 53 Chains of Gold and Medals given to the chief Sea-Officers 349 Chaloner Chute Speaker dies 416 Chancery regulated 368 Character of the Kings Iudges 196 to 203 Charles Prince in the Downs 175. At Goree in Holland 176 Charles the second Proclaimed King by dispersed papers 225 Chester Charter taken away 427 Chichister City 42 Chepstow-Castle taken by Sir Nicholas Kemish 171 St. Christophers and the Cariby Islands subdued 307 Christmass day Celebrated 398 City Alarm'd with a pretended Plot 403 City invite Parliament and Army to dinner 429. Send Sword-bearer to Gen. Monke 435. Their Gates and Portcullices pulled down 437 City and Companies feasts the General 438 Their joy upon the King's return 453 Lend the King Money 575 528 551 City Building begins 556 Citadels built in Scotland 313 Claypool's Lady dies buried 404 Dr. Clargis also Mr. Caryl Minister c. sent to Gen. Monke in Scotland 432 Clanrickard Marq. his services 249. Substituted Lord-Governour of Ireland 251. Defeated by Col. Axtel 277. Lays down his Arms 324 Clubmen 83 Clement Gregory 255 Clifford Lord made Lord Treasurer 588. Resignes his Staff 591 Clogher Bishop defeated 267 Clonmel yielded after a stout resistance 252 Colchester Siege 175 Cock-matches and Horse-races prohibited 359 Committee appointed for inspection of Charters 381. Committee of Safety 429. Like not themselves declare for another Parliament 433 Common-prayer abolished 69 Commonwealth altered by Cromwel 338 Composition 88 Compton Dr. made Bishop of Oxford 599 Commissioners in Scotland 166 Commission of the Great Seal altered 359 Commissioners for approbation of Ministers 359 Commissioners to treat with the King at the Isle of Wight 183 Commissioners to General Monke from the City 436 Commissioners to the King at Breda arrive at the Hague 447 Commissioners of the Treasury 563. To take account of publick Money ibid. To hear Seamens complaints 564 Cologne Treaty 594 Colmaer Battle 601 Colliers the Dutch designe 337 Confederate party of Irish Rebels 250 Confirmation of Acts 500 Constable Sir William dies and buried in Hen. 7th's Chappel 373 Contents of the Kings Declaration from Breda 445 Convocation in England grant 5th part of their Livings to Scotch War 12 Convention in Ireland 440 Conway Lord defeated 13 Coronation of the King 475 to 496 Cotterel Sir Charles sent to Brussels 532 Court erected for rebuilding the City 556 County-troops established 373 Councellors several Privy-Councillors made 584 Covenant first in Scotland what 7. Taken 45. Burnt by the Hangman 498 to 500 Council of State erected 226. New chosen 258 named by Cromwel 343. Supream power named by the Rump 421. A new one appointed 435 Courts of Iustice in Ireland 332 Courts â—it in the interval of the Rupture by Lambert 343 Coot Sir Charles defeats the Irish 250 267 305. His Stratagem on Galloway in Ireland for a free Parliament 438. Died 503 Cooper a Minister Executed 278 Corke vide Youghal Cowley Abr. dies 564 Craven Lord his Case 291 365 offered again to the Parliament but deferred by the Protector 392 Crew Dr. Bishop of Durham 599 Crosses demolished 45 Cromwel Lieutenant-General at Marston-moor at Islip 59 74 112 His Conspiracy in seizing the King at Holmby 129. Complements and Courts the King 144. And then abuseth him 147. Awes the Votes of Non-addresses 162. His Politicks on People City and King 163. Collogues the City and Parliament for fear of the Scots 165. Marcheth into Scotland 178. Makes the Scots disband 179. Treacherously surprizeth the Levellers his subtile Clemency 234. Graduated at Oxford ibid. And presented and treated by the City of London 234. Made Lord-Governour of Ireland 237. Lands there ibid. Storms Tredagh his cruelty and policy there Winter-quarter at Youghal 254. Sent for by Letters leaves Ireland and Ireton in
Oxford relieve Banbury The Siege raised Col. Myn sâ—ain iâ— Glocestershâ—re and the Royalists worsted by Masâ—ey Who bestowed an honoâ—rable burial on the saiâ— Câ—lonâ—l Princâ— Rupert at the Severn where hapnâ—d daily Skirâ—â—â—hes He is worsted by Massey Monmouth bâ—â—â—aâ—â—d to Massey by Lieutenant-Coâ— Kirle Col Holtby Goverâ—our thereof escapes Massey active and vigilant Newberry second fight Octob. 27. Manchester's forces over-powered the Kings but are repâ—lied by Sir Bernard Astley The Duke of Yorks Regiment led by Sir Wil. St Leger and Pr. Maurices Brigade repulsed Essex his Horse too hard for the Kings over-powred Sir Humphry Bennet and Major Leg but are repulsed by the Lord Bernard Stuart Goring and Cleaveland worsted Earle of Cleaveland taken Prisoner and the Kings person in danger Earl of Manchester ingaged with Lord Ashley and Sir George Lisle they are worsted but relieved by Sir John Brown The King marcheth to Wallingford and so to Oxford Slain of note on the Kings side Sir William St. Leger Essex had the Field Col. Boys secured the Kings Artillery The King relieves Dennington-castle The Parliament suspect the Earl of Essex Manchester and Cromwel disser The Parliament resolve to new model their Army They Order that no Member shall bear command in either Military or Civil affairs The Ordinance for the new modeling the Army Decemb. 31. Sir Thomas Fairfax made General The stots advance Southward The first Address contrived by Oliver Cromwel The Scots tâ—â—â— Newcastle Plunder it Soâ—â—m thanks at London for their success Sir Alexander Carew beheaâ—ed fâ—â— endâ—avouring to betray Plymouth-Fort to the King Sir John Hotham and his son executed Jan. 1 2. for endeavouring to betray Hull and holding correspondence with the Marquess of Newcastle Hugh Peters accompanieth them at their deaths The Kings observations of them in his Meâ—itations The Assembly of Divines consult about Church-Government The Covenaâ—t prest to be universally takâ—â— The Commâ—n-Prayer abolished Sir David Hawkins a zealous stickler for the Parliament Archbishop of Canterbury bâ—headâ—d Vide Speechâ—s Buried at Alhallows Barking London Sir Henry Gage Câ—l for the King shot neer Abingdon Uxbridge Trâ—aty Jan. 3. Commissioners for the King at the Treaty at Uxbridge Commissioners for the Parliament Scotch Commissioners The main things to be treated of were Religon Militia and Ireland The King refuseth to alter Religion by Bishops but would admit of some amendments in the Liturgie He is willing some Garrisons should be in the Parliaments hands pro tempore but will not abrogate the Cessation in Ireland Mr. Love a strange Incendiary The Treaty ended in vain The Lord Macguire and Col. Mac Mahon hanged drawn and quartered Shrewsbury taken by Major-General Mitton for the Parliament He hath the thanks of the House The Parliament takes Scarborough and Weymouth they raise Plymouth Siege Ponfract castle relieved by Sir Marmaduke Langdale he routs the Parl. Forces under Col. Rossiter Essex Manchester and Denbigh resigne their Commissions A notable success at the Devises under Sir Jacob Ashley A Faction at Oxford the Lords Savil Percy and Andover confined The Parliament Adjourned The Parliament's new Generals Commission The Actions of the Renowned Marquess of Montross He arrives in the Highlands of Scotland He fights the Covenanters and obtains a great Victory at Tepper-Moor Hâ— makes great spoils in Argyles Country Who with the E. of Seaforth maâ—ch against him with two several Armies He routs Argyle defeats Col. Hurry at Brechin afterwards at Alderne and obtains a remarkable Victory at Alesford hills Lord Gourdons death Marquess of Montross affrights the Parliament at St. Johnstons His famous Victory at Kilsith David Lesley routed The Nâ—bility Gentry assist him The King orders Montross to disband Colonel Massey defeated at Lidbury by Prince Rupert He is forced to flye and narrowly escapes Sir Thomas Fairfax takes command of the Army Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice raise Horse in Worcester-shire Cromwel sent to intercept the Kings Forces routs them The Queens Standard taken He summons Blechington house the Governour Col. Windebank delivers it And was therefore shot to death Cromwel takes Sir William Vaughan at Radcot bridge Goring gives Cromwel his first brush The new modeled Army march to Blandford in Dorset-shire take Lieutenant-Col Hacket The King leaving Oxford takes the field Fairfax recalled from the West but leaves part of his Army there Oxford besieged the second time A cruel custome at Abingdon Borstal house besieged Gaunt house surrendred Chester distressed Relieved by the King Goring Hopton and Greenvile joyn and besiege Taunton Leicester Stormed and taken by Prince Rupert May 21. He takes Sir Robert Pye the Town is plundered The Parliament almost driven to despair The King and Royalists too confident of Success Sir Thomas Fairfax ordered to give the King-Battel York-shire a long time harrased by the Scots The unresolved which way to bend his Forces The Parliament order Fairfax to put their differences to the decision of a Battel They march to Marsh-Gibeon Major-General Brown Garisons Gaunt house The King at Daventry and Northampton Cromwel sent for by the Parliament to command their Horse The Kings Foot and Carriages quartered upon Burrough-hill The Parliaments Army at Gilsborough The Kings Army march to Pomfret Ireton with a strong party of Horse sent to fall upon his Flank The Kings Head-quarters at Naseby Alarm'd by Ireton he goes to Harborough and unhappily resolves to fight Naseby fight The Parliament forces Rendezvouz neer Naseby they discover the Kings Horse neer Harborough The King misinformed Cromwel commands the right Wing of the Parl. horse Ireton the left The Gen. and Skippon the main battel of Foot Whaley routs Langdale who commanded part of the Kings left Wing Prince Rupert routs the Parliaments left Wing Ireton taken Prisoner and the fortune of the day changing is released The Kings Foot over-powered by the Parliaments Horse His Cavalry in great distress Okey's Dragoons do notable Execution on the Kings Horse The Calamities of this day The Parliament take many of the Kings Officers and his Standard â— with his Cabinet of Letters which they unworthily publish The advantage equal to both parties The Lord Bard. did excellent service for the King Fiennes sâ—nt to London with the Prisoners The Parliaments Forces pursut the Kings The King at Ashby de la zouch He goes into Wales Sir Marmaduke Langdale flies to Newark Taunton distrest by the Lord Goring Leicester retaken Lord Hastings Governour thereof The Kings Souldiers march out with Staves in their hands The Parliaments Army march towards Marlborough The Club men rise They Petition the King and Parliament Taunton freed Iuly 7. And Goring after his defeating the besieged departed His Army quartered at Long-Sutton they march to Langport Massey resolutely attempis their Rear but with loss Langport fight General Fairfax routs the Lord Goring Langport fired General Fairfax at Bridgewater Sir Richard Greenvile and Sir John Berkley joyn with the Lord Goring Bridgewater taken July 23. by the Parliament The Parliaments forlorn
the life of his Martyred Majesty exempting from pardon all such as had proved themselves zealous and stout asserters of the King and his Cause Sequestrations Bonds Fines and Securities abiding the rest as to the King himself they had left him nothing but the name and Title of Regality the honour and support thereof being quite taken away The rest of them were private reserves and advantages for themselves and their partisans and some relating to the Kingdom of Ireland such an unreasonable miscellany that the Scots for pretence of honour could not digest them but scrupled at most of them as they were framed at Westminster for some of the reasons afore mentioned but swallowed then and were satisfied at their delivery at Newcastle by the Solution of Two hundred thousand pounds when in a peremptory manner as will presently be related they told him he must assent At the delivery of those Propositions on the 23 Iuly the King asked the Commissioners if they had power to Treat who replyed No then said the King Saving the honour of the business an honest Trumpeter might have done as much I hope you expect not a present Answer to this high concernment To which they answered that their time was limited to ten days By which time the King having viewed them declined them altogether though hardly be laboured and sollicited on all hands to comply with them and put into the Commissioners hands a Paper containing offers of coming to London to Treat there which they nevertheless excused themselves from sending to the Parliament whereupon the King sent this Answer to the two Houses by a Messenger of his own The Propositions tendered to his Majesty by the Commissioners c. to which the Parliament have taken up twice so many moneths for deliberation as they have assigned days for his Majesties Answer do import so great alterations of Government both in Church and Kingdom as it is very difficult to return a particular and positive Answer before the explanations true sense and right reason thereof be understood and that his Majesty upon a full view of the whole Propositions may know what is left as well as what is taken away or changed In all which he finds that the Commissioners are in no capacity to Treat with him That it is impossible for him to give such a present judgment of and answer to the Propositions whereby he shall be able to answer to God that a safe and well-grounded Peace will ensue and therefore desires to come to London upon the security of Parliament and Scotch Commissioners where by his personal presence he may not onely raise a mutual confidence betwixt him and his people but also have those doubts cleared and difficulties explayned unto him which he now conceives destructive to his Royal power if he shall give a full consent as they now stand as likewise to make known unto them his reasonable demands which he is assured will be conducible to Peace c. and will be there ready to give his assent to all Bills for the security and stability thereof not having regard to his own particular Conjuring them as Christians as Subjects and as men who desire to leave a good name behind them that they will so receive and make use of this Answer that all Issues may be stopped and these unhappy distractions peaceably settled And postscribes that upon such assurance of agreement he will immediately send for the Prince his Son not doubting of his perfect obedience to return into this Kingdom This Answer had a various reception in the House of Commons it startled the Presbyterians as who found it difficult to effect their purposes otherwise than by and with the King it tickled the Independents who did all they could by thrusting in harsh words and terms to make the King indisposed and averse to all Both became very sensible the King was not the man they took him for but a Prince of prudence and resolution no evil Counsellors being to be taxed with the penning of this as their custom was except Duke Hamilton and his Brother the Earl of Lanerick both of whom were very industrious in perswading his Majesty to consent nay even better friends than they to the King who feared this peremptoriness of the Parliament would grow to somwhat worser were almost of the same mind as far as preferring the safety of his life would indulge such thoughts whom the Presbyterians saw there was no way but by strict and undutiful restraint to bend to their will and the Independents by treachery and barbarous villanies to break and utterly to destroy Most highly incensed therefore was the Parliament at this refusal of those means which they said their most elaborate prudence and diligent ponderation of every circumstance after so long a time conducing to the King and Kingdoms happiness had prepared and digested to such an equal temperament of the rights of the King and the people The King was scandalized and reported every where as obstinate and perverse while nothing but the ipse dixit of the equity justice or reasonableness of their Propositions was produced nor was the Kingdom at all satisfied with their shallow suggestions But this served the turn with those who were glad it should be so and gratified the Rabble and the Army who fearful of a disappointment of their shares in the Ruine of the Kingdom the hopes whereof had so long flattered them more especially by the better perswasions and irresistible Arguments of money they suspecting the Issue some while before prevailed upon the Scots reason and faith and honesty to Boot who were so clearly convinced of the Kings refractoriness to the Counsel of his Parliament in denying those Propositions that they would nor could no longer maintain nor abet such his persistency therein but would leave him to the disposal of his English Parliament having first procured from him an Order and severe Injunction to the Marquess of Montross to lay down Arms though in a probable condition of recovering his late Defeat and to accept such Conditions as he could procure for him which indeed were mean and full of secret fraud and revenge against that Noble and famous Captain He was forced in the disguise of his Captains habit at his prefixed time to put himself on board an old and leaky vessel designed for him by the Estates of Scotland but pretending want of Victual and other necessaries while the time of his embarquing and set sail for Norway where it pleased God he arrived in safety and after traversed much ground solliciting the Kings cause in several forain Courts where he refused all imployments intent onely upon his Majesties affairs and at last betook himself to the Court of King Charles the second but of that and what afterwards happened to this illustrious Heroe there is yet room for another Memento The Scotch Compact being concluded the Earl of Lowdon very fairly tells the King still at