â—hall be given up it shall be valued and the price deâ—ucted out of what is to be paid for the Provisions to be â—urnish'd to the Troops on Ship-Board 27. That there shall be a Cessation of Arms at Land â—s also at Sea with respect to the Ships whether English Dutch or French designed for the Transporâ—â—tion of the said Troops until they shall be returned â—o their respective Harbours and that on both sides â—hey shall be furnish'd with sufficient Pass-Ports both â—or Ships and Men and if any Sea-Commander or Captain of a Ship any Officer Trooper Dragoon or Soldier or any other Person shall act contrary to this Cessation the Persons so acting shall be punished on â—ither side and satisfaction shall be made for the wrong â—hat is done and Officers shall be sent to the Mouth of the River of Lymerick to give notice to the Commanders of the English and French Fleets of the present Conjuncture that they may observe the Cessation of Arms â—ccordingly 28. That for surety of the Execution of this present Capitulation and of each Article therein contained the Besieged shall give the following Hostages 29. If before this Capitulation is fully executed there happens any Change in the Government or Command of the Army which is now commanded by Generaâ— Ginckel all those that shall be appointed to command thâ— same shall be obliged to observe and execute what iâ— specified in these Articles or cause it to be executeâ— punctually and shall not act contrary on any aâ—count D'Vsson Le Chevalier de Tessee Latour Monfort Mark Talbot Lucan Jo. Wauchop Galmoy M. Purcell ARTICLES agreed upon the Third Day of October 1691. between the Right Honourable Sir Charles Porter Knight and Thomas Conyngesby Esq Lords Justices of Ireland and his Excellency the Baron De Ginckel Lieut. General and Commader in Chief of the English Army on the one part and the Right Honourable Patrick Earl of Lucan Percy Viscount Gallmoy Col. Nic. Purcell Col. Dillon and Col. John Browne on the other side on the behalf of the Irish Inhabitants in the City and County of Lymerick the Counties of Clare Cork Kerry Sligo and Mayo in consideration of the surrender of the City of Lymerick and other Agreements made between the said Lieut. Gen. Ginckel the Governour of the City of Lymerick and the Generals of the Irish Army bearing Date with these Presents for the Surrender of the said City and Submission of the said Army 1. THat the Roman Catholicks of this Kingdom shall enjoy such Privileges in the Exercise of their Religion as are consistent with the Laws of Ireland or as they did enjoy in the Reign of King Charles the Second and Their Majesties assoon as their Affairs will permit them to summon a Parliament in this Kingdom will endeavour to procure the said Roman Catholicks such further Security in that Particular as may preserve them from any disturbance upon the account of their said Religion 2. All the Inhabitants or Residents of Lymerick or any other Garrison now in the possession of the Irish and all Officers and Souldiers now in Arms under any Commission of K. James or those Authorized by him to grant the same in the several Counties of Lymerick Cork Kerry Clare Sligo and Mayo or any of them and all the Commission'd Officers in their Majesties Quarters that belong to the Irish Regiments now in being that are treated with and who are not Prisoners of War or have taken Protection who shall return and submit to Their Majesties Obedience their and every of their Heirs shall hold possess and enjoy all and every their Estates of Free-hold and Inheritance and all the Right Title and Interest Privileges and Immunities which they and every or any of them held enjoyed or were rightfully entitled to in the Reign of K. Charles the Second or at any time since by the Laws and Statutes that were in force in the said Reign of King Charles the Second and shall be put in possession by order of the Government of such of them as are in the King's Hands or the Hands of his Tenants without being put to any Suit or Trouble therein and all such Estates shall be freed and discharged from all Arrears of Crown-Rents Quit-Rents and other publick Charges incurred and become due since Michaelmas 1688 to the Day of the Date hereof and all Persons comprehended in this Article shall have hold and enjoy all their Goods and Chattels real and personal to them or any of them belonging and remaining either in their own Hands or in the Hands of any Persons whatsoever in Trust for or for the Use of them or any of them And all and every the said Persons of what Profession Trade or Calling soever they be shall and may use exercise and practise their several and respective Professions Trades and Callings as freely as they did use exercise and enjoy the same in the Reign of K. James the Second provided that nothing in this Article contained be construed to extend to or restore any forfeiting Person now out of the Kingdom except what are hereafter comprized Provided also That no Person whatsoever shall have or enjoy the Benefit of this Article that shall neglect or refuse to take the Oath of Allegiance made by Act of Parliament in England in the first year of the Reign of their present Majesties when thereunto required 3. All Merchants or reputed Merchants of the City of Lymerick or of any other Garrison now possessed by the Irish or of any Town or Place in the Counties of Clare or Kerry who are absent beyond the Seas that have not bore Arms since Their Majesties Declaration in February 1688 9 shall have the Benefit of the Second Article in the same manner as if they were present provided such Merchants and reputed Merchants do repair into this Kingdom within the space of eight Months from the Date hereof 4. The following Officers viz. Col. Simon Lutterill Col. Rowland White Maurice Eustace of Yearmanstown Cheviers of Maystown commonly called Mount-Linster now belonging to the Regiments of the aforesaid Garrisons and Quarters of the Irish Army who are beyond the Seas and sent thither upon Affairs of their respective Regiments or the Army in general shall have the Benefit and Advantage of the Second Article provided they return hither within the space of eight Months from the Date of these Presents and submit to Their Majesties Government and take the above-mentioned Oath 5. That all and singular the said Persons comprized in the Second and Third Articles shall have a General Pardon of all Attainders Outlawries Treasons Misprisions of Treasons Premunires Felonies Trespasses and other Crimes and Misdemeanors whatsoever by them or any of them committed since the beginning of the Reign of K. James the Second and if any of them are attainted by Parliament the Lords Justices and the General will use their best Endeavours to get the same Repealed by parliament and the Outlawries to be Reversed gratis
Conduct that day After the Battel our Army lay upon their Arms all night at Duleek having left our Tents all standing beyond the Boyne And next morning his Majesty sent Brigadier La Mellionere with One thousand Horse and Dragoons a Party of Foot and Eight Pieces of Cannon to summons Drogheda wherein the Irish had a Garison of about 1300 men commanded by my Lord Iveagh who surrendred the Town upon Condition That his Garison should have leave to march out without their Arms and be conducted to Athlone Tho their Barbarity in tying the Protestants in Town back to back and placing them where they expected our Guns to play ought not to be forgot This is a Town of no great strength only a Mount whereon are planted Ten Guns on the South-side the River seems capable of Defence Thursday the 3 d. of July his Majesty had an Account That the Irish had left Dublin and were making what haste they could towards the Shannon upon which the Duke of Ormond marched to that City with One thousand Horse and found Captain Farlow Governor of the Castle who two days before had been a Prisoner his Grace took possession of all the Out-Guards of the Town with his Horse and the Dutch Blue Guards were sent to the Castle The 5th His Majesty with his Army marches to Dublin our Army marched to Finglass a little Village two miles to the North-west of Dublin where we lay encamped for several days The 6th being Sunday his Majesty went to St. Patrick's Church in Dublin and next day towards the evening the Bishop of Meath the Bishop of Limerick Dr. King and all the Clergy then about Dublin except the Lord Primate who sent his Excuse to his Majesty by reason of his great Age and Infirmness waited upon the King at his Camp where the Bishop of Meath made an excellent Congratulatory Speech for his Majesty's happy Victory and their Deliverance Whereunto his Majesty gave a Gracious Answer And the Bishop of Limâ—rick desired they might appoint a Day of Publick Thanksgiving and have leave to Compose a Form of Prayer suitable to the occasion which was granted The same day his Majesty signed a Declaration His Majesty's Declaration to the Irish wherein he promised Protection to all poor Labourers common Soldiers Countrey-Farmers Plow-men and Coltiers as also to all Citizens Tradesmen Townsmen and Artificers who either remained at home or having fled from their Dwellings should return by the first of August following c. leaving all others to the Event of War unless by great and manifest demonstrations they would convince his Majesty that they deserved his Mercy which he promised never to refusâ— to those who were truly penitent A great many of the Irish Officers complained The Irish Objections against the Declaration That this Declaration was too narrow in excluding them from any Advantage by it and that they were obliged afterwards to stick together as being their only safety but this Declaration was narrower than his Majesty's Royal Intentions on purpose to comply with the English Proprietors of that Countrey And as to the Irish Officers this was only a pretence for when it was enlarged afterwards by his Majesty and the Government the year succeeding made them all the reasonable Proffers that could be hoped or wished for yet most of them continued obstinate till they could not help it But tho his Majesty was very careful to have this and his other Declaration that succeeded it observed yet some Officers and Soldiers were apt to forget the King's Honour with that of our Countrey and Religion too when they stood in competion with their own Profit and Advantage That day and the next his Majesty took a view of his Army by distinct Regiments nor did the inconveniency of the bad Weather which fell out at Our Army mustered that time prevent him from observing each Regiment very nicely the whole number of Horse Foot and Dragoons that marched in the Ranks was 30330 besides 483 Reformed Officers as also all the Officers and Serjeants in the Army and Four Regiments in Garison so that the compleat Number of our whole Army was at least 36000 as is said before Nor will it be improper to gâ—ve here a List of our General Officers who commanded this Campaign under his Majesty and were employed in his Service but we must take it from the beginning since his Grace Duke Schonberg was killed ere this A LIST of the General Officers of Their Majesties Army 1690. FRederick Duke of Schonberg Captain-General A List of their Majesties Army 1690. The Duke of Wirtenbergh General of the Danes Count Solmes General of the Foot Count Schonberg General of the Horse Lieutenant-General Douglass Lord Overkirk Maistres Generals des Camp Earl of Portland Maistres Generals des Camp Henry Lord Viscount Sidney Major-Generals of Foot Count Nassau Major-Generals of Foot Major-General Kirk Major-Generals of Foot Major-General Tetteau Major-Generals of Foot Monsieur Screvenmore Major-Generals of Horse Maj. Gen. La Forrest Major-Generals of Horse Sir John Lanier Major-Generals of Horse Monsieur Du Cambon Quarter-master-General Brigadier Trelawney Brigadiers of Foot Sir Henry Bellasis Brigadiers of Foot Sir John Hanmer Brigadiers of Foot Brigadier Stuart Brigadiers of Foot Brigad La Mellionere Brigadiers of Foot Brigad Villars Brigadiers of Horse Brigad Eppinger Brigadiers of Horse Brigad Schack Brigadiers of Horse Sir Robert Southwell Secretary of State Thomas Coningesby Esq now Lord Coningesby and Charles Fox Esq Pay-masters-General Sir John Topham Advocate-General Henry Wythers Adjutant-General of Foot Francis Russel Adjutant-General of Horse George Clark Esq Secretary at War Monsieur Perara Commissary-General of the Provisions Abraham Yarner Esq Muster-master-General Dr. Lawrence Physician-General Charles Thompson Esq Chyrurgion-General A CATALOGUE of the General Officers A List of the Irish General Officers and others in King Jams's Army taken out of the Muster-Rolls June the 2 d 1690. DUKE of Tyrconnel Captain-General Duke of Berwick Lieutenant-Generals Richard Hambleton Lieutenant-Generals Count Lauzune General of the French Monsieur Leary alias Geraldine Lieutenant-General Dominick Sheldon Lieutenant-General of the Horse Patrick Sarsfield Major-Generals Anthony Hambleton Major-Generals Monsieur Boiseleau Major-Generals Thomas Maxwell Brigadeers John Hambleton Brigadeers William Dorrington Brigadeers Solomon Slater Muster-master-General Robert Fitz-Gerald Comptroler of the Musters Sir Richard Neagle Secretary at War Sir Henry Bond Receivers General Louis Doe Receivers General Sir Michael Creagh Pay-master General Foelix Oneil Advocate General Dr. Archbold Physician to the State Patrick Archbold Chyrurgeon General The Irish had at that time in their Army Two Troops of Horse-Guards with another of Horse-Granadiers Eight Regiments of Horse Seven Regiments of Dragoons a Regiment of Foot Guards of Twenty two Companies and Ninety men in a Company Forty four other Regiments of Foot Thirteen Companies in a Regiment and Sixty men in a Company which with the Five thousand French Foot made their Army according to their own Computation
by Their Majesties special Direction and Command do by this Our Proclamation Publish Declare and Promise that All and Every the Private Souldiers now in Arms against Their Majesties in the Enemies Army who shall within three Weeks after the Date of this Our Proclamation surrender up Themselves their Horse Arms and Furniture to the Commander in Chief or any other Their Majesties Officers shall not only be paid a reasonable Rate for their Horse Arms and Furniture which they shall so deliver up but shall be fully and freely Pardoned of all Treasons and other Crimes and Offences against Their Majesties and that All and Every Person or Persons who now are Governours Officers Commanders or Souldiers of or in any Cities Towns Forts Castles or other Garrisons in Their Kingdom of Ireland not already under Their Majesties Power and Obedience who shall surrender deliver and yield up any such City Town Fort or Garrison unto the General or other Officer of Their Majesties Army within three Weeks after the Date of this Our Proclamation and All other Officers and Souldiers now serving or being in the Enemies Army or Quarters who shall within three Weeks time after the Date of this Our Proclamation come in and bring with them their Regiments Troops or Companies or some considerable part thereof and submit themselves to Their Majesties Obedience and deliver up their Horses Arms and Furniture of War they and every of them both Officers and Souldiers shall be fully freely and absolutely Pardoned of all manner of Treasons Crimes or Offences committed against Their Majesties Their Crown and Dignity and shall also be Restored to and put in Possession of all their Estates forfeited for such Treasons Crimes and Offences and if any Citizens and Inhabitants or other Persons Residing in the City of Limerick or Town of Galway shall within the time aforesaid either of themselves or by joyning with any other be Instrumental or assisting in delivering up either of the said Places to Their Majesties Obedience they and every of them shall be likewise fully freely and absolutely Pardoned of all manner of Treasons Crimes or Offences committed against Their Majesties Their Crown and Dignity and shall also be Restored to and put in Possession of all their Estates forfeited for such Treason Crimes or Offences and we do hereby further Publish and Declare that if any Officers and Souldiers now in Command in the Enemies Army or in any of the Cities Castles Forts or Garrisons of the Enemy not having any Estates forfeited or to which he or they can be Restored shall render unto Their Majesties any of the Services aforesaid such Person and Persons Officers and Souldiers shall be fully and liberally Rewarded by the General of Their Majesties Army in such or greater Proportion as the Services by them done shall deserve and such of the said Officers and Souldiers as shall desire to Enter into Their Majesties Pay shall be Received in the like or better Post and Condition as they now Serve under the Enemy and lest those who are to take Benefit by this Proclamation may be Apprehensive of being prosecuted for Exercising their Religion tho Their Majesties have sufficiently manifested to the World by the Rest and Quiet not only Roman Catholicks of this Kingdom but those of England have injoyed under Their Government may be sufficient to Remove any such Apprehensions we are commanded further to Publish Declare And we do Hereby Publish and Declare that as soon as Their Majesties Affairs will permit them to Summon a Parliament in this Kingdom They will endeavour to procure them such further security in these particulars as may preserve them from any disturbance upon the account of their Religion and we do hereby Advise and Admonish all such Persons who still Adhere to the Enemy Carefully and Prudently to consider the ill Estate and Condition whereunto they are Reduced and seriously to recollect into their Minds and Memory the Quiet and Blessed Estate and Security which they enjoyed under the English Government and the vast difference betwixt that and the Tyranny of France and withal the terrible Consequences which must follow if they any longer neglect returning to their Duty and thereby lose the Benefit of Their Majesties most Benign and Gracious Compassion and Intention towards them Given at Their Majesties Castle of Dublin the 7th Day of July 1691. in the Third Year of Their Majesties Reign God Save the KING and QVEEN July the 8th all the heavy Baggage was a passing over the River and it was ordered that the Officers of the Quarter-Guards should go frequent Rounds and send all the Souldiers they found Gameing or Drinking after Taptoe to the Provoe's the General being much displeased at such Disorders by means of which a great many irregular things were done especially Plundering and Robbing of Tents which yet was continued tho several were made Examples to the very end of the Campaign It was also ordered that an Account of all those that were killed and wounded since our coming to this Town should be returned to the Adjutant General which was about Sixty Killed and a Hundred and Twenty wounded And that the General might leave nothing unattempted which might contribute to the bringing the Enemy over by fair means he settled Allowances of Subsistance to all Persons that would come off according to their several Qualifications viz. Collonels of Horse and Dragoons 11 l. 10 s. per Month and Foot 10 l. per Month and so proportionably to every one July the 9th proved a very hot day till about 5 in Extraordinary Rains and Thunder the Afternoon when it fell a Raining and then such Thunder Hail and a Hurrycane of Wind as the like had scarce been seen before this continued for two Hours in which time two Men and a Boy were killed by Lightning and two or three more hurt in the Prince of Hess's Regiment The Town being now pretty well cleared and new Works raised on Conaught side On Friday the 10th Our Army March from Athlone of July the General having left Col. Lloyd Governour of Athlone with his own and Lieut. Gen. Douglas's Regiments he moved forwards with the Army and Encamped that Night at Killcashel 7 Miles nearer to the Enemy whence the General went to view the Pass at Ballynasloe a small Village upon the River Suck where stands a Castle built formerly by the Ancestors of my Lord Clanrickard from hence the Enemy was retired 3 Miles further Saturday the 11th we marcht to Ballynasloe and encampt along the River Suck upon the Roscomon side this is a good Pass and the Irish might have given us some trouble in gaining it but that they had found out a much better place as will soon appear As our Army was Encamping our Great Officers went to the Hills of Knocksdunloe in the County of Galway about a Mile distant from our Camp from whence they could see the Enemies out-Guards upon the Hills of Corbally who upon our
Approach retired to the Isker of Liscappull two Miles from Ballynasloe upon which we advanced to the Hills of Corbally whence we could take a view of the Enemies Camp which lay on the other side Aghrim Castle three Miles beyond Balynasloe and extended it self from the Church of Killeommodon on their Right to a place called Gourtnapory above two Miles in length on their Left ran a small Brook having The Enemies Camp and Posture describ'd steep Hills and little Boggs on each side next to which was a large Red Bogg almost a Mile over at the end of which stood the Castle of Aghrim Commanding the way to their Camp passable for Horse no where but just at the Castle by reason of a small River which running through a moist Ground made the whole a Morass or Bogg which extended it self all along to the Enemies Right where was also another Pass called Vrachree having a rising Ground on each side of it the Enemies Camp lay along the Ridge of an Hill on the side of which stood two Danish Forts from thence to the Bogg below was nigh half a Mile and this cut into a great many small Enclosures which the Enemy had ordered so as to make a Communication from one of them to another and had lined all those very thick with Small Shot this shewed a great deal of Dexterity in Monsieur St. Ruth in making choice of such a piece of Ground as Nature it self could not furnish him with a better considering all Circumstanstances for he knew that the Irish naturally loved a Breast-work between them and Bullets and here they were fitted to the purpose with Hedges and Ditches to the very edge of the Bog The General upon viewing the Posture of the Enemy and a Map given him of the Ground he found it no easie matter to Attack them but resolved however to march toward them next day and therefore it was given out in Orders at Night that all the Army except two Regiments left to Guard the Baggage should The Orders that Night be under Arms next Morning without beat of Drum and no Baggage to stir nor any Tents to be removed nor yet any to march with the Regiments but such as carry Arms and those to march as strong as possible with all their Arms fixt and clean those that wanted Ammunition were presently to have it from the Stores the Granadiers were to be drawn to the Right and Left of each Regiment with two Shells a piece and five Pyoniers to be ready at the Head of each Regiment when called for the Word that Night was Dublin Monsieur St. Ruth at the approach of our Army seeing us resolved to give him Battel he gave his Men all the due Encouragement that possibly he could ordering Masses and Prayers to be said in all Parts of the Army And as the Report goes the Irish were obliged by their Priests not to give Quarter to any Soul living but to pursue every Man to Destruction they being assured of a most glorious Victory and St. Ruth himself is said to have made the following Speech to the Irish the day before the Battel it being found afterwards amongst the Papers of his Secretary who was killed in the Field Gentlemen and Fellow Souldiers I Suppose it is not unknown to you and the whole Christian Mounsieur St. Ruths supposed Speech to the Irish World what Glory I have acquired and how Successful and Fortunate I have been in Suppressing Heresie in France and propagating the Holy Catholick Faith and can-without Vanity boast my Self the happy Instrument of bâ—inging over thousands of poor deluded Souls from their errours who owe their Salvation to the pious care of my thrice Illustrious Master and my own Industry assisted by some holy Members of our unspotted Church while great numbers of those incourigable Hereticks have perished both Soul and Body by their obstinacy It was for this reason that the most Puissant King my Master Compassionating the miseries of this Kingdom hath chosen me before so many worthy Generals to come hither not doubting but by my wonted Diligence I should Establish the Church in this Nation on such a foundation as it should not be in the power of Hell or Hereticks hereafter to disturb it And for the bringing about of this Great and Glorious Work next the Assistance of Heaven the unresistable Puisance of the King my Master and my own Conduct the great dependance of all good Catholicks is on your Courage I must confess since my coming amongst you things have not answered my wishes but they are still in a posture to be retrieved if you will not betray your Religion and Countrey by an unseasonable Pusilanimity THE LINE OF BATTLE July 12. 1691 Titus Livius before a Battle frequently brings in the Roman Generals saying a great many fine things and making long Speeches which possibly they never dreamt of tho most of them were well bredmen and if they did make use of those Speeches that way of treating Armies is now quite out of Fashion especially it 's improbable it should be done by a General who understood as little Irish as most of his Army did French Nor is it to be believed that Monsieur St. Ruth was a man of that Boasting vain-glorious humour that this Speech makes him tho I have heard from some of the Irish Officers since that he told them they had gained the Character of Cowards both at home and abroad and now was their time to retrieve it and that they Fought for their Religion King and Country c. However it was all who saw the spot of Ground he had made Choice of can but admire his Conduct in this particular And no doubt his Army had all the Masses Persuasions and other incouragements that could be thought of amongst the rest that powerful one of Brandy which made a Dragoon of ours tell some of their Prisoners after the Battle that they had the advantage of us both in Prayers and Brandy The English being indeed too remiss in point of Devotion not looking up to that Power to which we are most indebted for all that we can pretend to that's Good But to return to our own Army Sunday July the Our Army march in sight of the Enemy 12. about Six in the Morning we marcht the Foot over the Bridge the English and French Horse at the Foord above and the Dutch and Danes over two Foords below with directions to put themselves in order of Battle when all past the River which was done on a kind of uneven hilly Ground and the method being agreed before the two lines of Battle were thus as in the Copper Plate are described It 's to be observed that My Lord Portland's Horse is not in this Line of Battle because they came not up till after it was ordered hower they had their full share in the Acton and Col. Foulks's Regiment was always to guard the Train but being then convenient for it and
who have surrendred themselves But in case the Persons invited by this Declaration should neglect in time prescribed to lay hold on the same they must never more expect the like Advantageous Terms and Condiscentions Given at the Camp by Nenah the Eleventh Day of August 1691. in the Third Year of Their Majesties Regin Bar. De Ginckell The Army that day marched to a place called Shalley in a wild and desolate Country nigh the Silver-Mines where in the former Wars about seventeen of Sir George Hambleton's Followers were slain by the Kenedies and here Major General Trelawyng's Regiment joined us the 12th we marched to a place called Tulla where we halted next day and our Advance Guards brought in one of the Enemies Outscouts a Prisoner Several Deserters also come off to us amongst whom were two of the Horse Guards who inform the General that the Irish Foot were drawn into Limerick and their Horse having burnt several places that escaped their fury last year were retired likewse near the Town we understand also that my Lord Tyrconnell was taken suddenly very ill and there were several disorders amongst the Chief Officers in Limerick some of them being suspected to incline to our side From hence the General sent a Spy who took several of the Declarations in order to disperse them in Town The 14th we marched to Cariganliss and the General The Army go to Cariganliss with the rest of our Great Officers went with a Party within two Miles of Limerick near which three of the Enemies Scouts being posted upon the top of a round Hill towards our left two of them deserted to us as our Party drew off The 15th in the Morning early fifteen hundred A Party go towards Limerick Horse and Dragoons commanded by Major General Ruvigny and one thousand detached Foot as a reserve in case of danger commanded by the Prince of Hess with six Field-peeces were ordered to march towards Limerick with whom went the General and all the Chief Officers in order to view the Town The Enemy had lined the Hedges in several places with Foot and there appeared two Squadrons of Horse and a Party of a Dragoons about a Mile on this side the Town who fronted our Men for some time but when they saw our Advance Party resolved to push them they retired nearer home and afterwards their Foot fired several Small-shot but without any harm to us tho' about seven of the Enemy were killed by our Dragoons We stayed several hours within less then Cannon-shot of the Town upon the Ground where we encamped the year before we could see that they had repaired Ireton's Fort and built another some distance to the Right where formerly stood an Old Church and a third was begun also with a Line of Communication from one to the other but not as yet finished they had then two Field-peeces in Ireton's Fort but did not fire them and drew them off to the Town next day Whilst we staid there first a Drummer and then one Hagan a Captain came off to us who informed the General that my Lord Tyrconnell died the day before some say of Grief because things went My Lord Tyrconnell dies at Limerick not according to his desire and that after all his Endeavours and good Services to promote the Catholick Cause he was slighted to that Degree that whilst their Camp lay by Athlone one Lieutenant Colonel Conner came to my Lord's Tent and bid him be gone from the Camp else he would cut his Tent-Cords My Lord Tyrconnell knowing that he durst not be so impudent without a considerable Faction to support him went next Morning early towards Limerick where he remained till his death which some say was not without suspition of foul play in being poisoned with a Cup of Rattafeau this is nothing but Apricock-stones bruised and infused in Brandy which gives it a pleasant Relish some of which my Lord Tyrconnell had given him at an Entertainment and falling ill upon it he often repeated the word Rattafeau which made several believe that he had received Poyson in that Liquor because he would not comply with the prevailing Faction then in Town But most People say that he died of a Fever However it was he certainly had managed the Affairs of that Kingdom from his entrance upon publick Business to his dying day with as much dexterity and zeal for the Interest he * As to his encouraging one Jâ—nes to Assassinate King William in the year 1690. proved by Original Letters under his own hand I leave others hereafter to give a more particular account of pretended to serve as any man could have done At the General 's return from viewing the Town he found a considerable quantity of Bread-Waggons come to the Camp under the Convoy of the Militia Horse and Dragoons of the County of Tipperary whom the General viewed and sent home again We had now a Train of nine 24 Pounders nine 18 Pounders and three Mortars with Ammunition and other Utensils of War proportionable which left Athlone on the 12th under the care of Col. Lloyd's Regiment and a Party the Militia who were met upon the Road by the Earl of Drogheda's and Colonel Venner's Foot Regiments with a small Party of Horse but the General remembring what hapned to our Train the year before and that the same People were still as industrious as formerly Major General la Forrest with a good Detachment of Horse and Dragoons was sent on the 16th to meet our Cannon The same day a Captain and a Lieutenant desert from the Enemy and confirm the Report of the death of my Lord Tyrconnell and withal that Francis Plowden Esq one of the Commissioners of the Revenue in the late King's time had brought over a Commission from the late King out of France appointing Sir Alexander Fitton Sir Richard Neagle and the said Francis Plowden Esq to be Lords Justices of Ireland which Commission lay dorment till my Lord Tyrconnel's death by which it appeared that his Adversaries were like to prove too many for him if he had lived and that tho he had promoted the late King's desires tho' not his real Interest to the utmost and was of the same Religion too with himself yet he was in a fair way of being served as Some of the Irish Officers suspected for holding a Correâ—pondence with our Ar others had been before him We understood also that Colonel Henry Lutterill was not only suspected to hold a Correspondence with our Army but was taken into Custody and tried for his life in that he with some others had consulted about the surrender of the Town for which they designed to put him to death but that they either wanted clear Proof or else waited for Advice from France about it but the occasion of Colonel Lutteril's confinment was upon the account of a Letter brought him by a Trumpeter from some great Officer in our Army when the Garison of Gallway was conveyed
some People have of Motion that there 's a determinate quantity and when it fails in one place it increases in another There is Trade enough no doubt abroad in the World for them all if they will but be Industrious however there can no disadvantage accrue either to the King of England or his People in general by having this effected nay this wou'd soon be more for the advantage of the Crown of England than any poor Customs that are got by dividing the Nations can ever amount to for who sees not the good effects of the Vnion between England and Wales But then those who are so hardy as to leave England and venture their Lives and Fortunes at any time for the reducing of Ireland if they survive it and once come to settle there they are so far from having Encouragement to Trade and grow Rich that by several Laws made on the account of Trade they are under the same Circumstances with the Conquered Irish themselves as all the English of that Kingdom really are in the point of all the Western Trade especially The other Objection is That if Ireland were so far encouraged in Trade and other Advantages as to become absolutely an English Country and equally Entitled to the Benefit of its Laws c. the People there after some time wou'd grow Rich and consequently Proud so that they wou'd then set up for themselves and deny all manner of dependance upon England which would soon create a more dangerous Civil War than ever Answer There can be no fear of this since nothing cou'd be got by such a Revolt but their own destruction and it 's as probable that the English on the North of Trent should upon any disgust endeavour to set up for themselves which they are sensible could bring nothing but Ruin to the whole Besides since the Royal Seats of the Kings the Principal Courts of Judicature and also the Royal Navy are always on this side the Water all Attempts of this kind wou'd prove vain and fruitless and the rest of the World laugh at such a Destructive folly and madness I pretend not to meddle with any particular Methods Religion in the first Place to be taken care of for the promoting the English Interest in Ireland only it 's worth the Knowledge and Care of every one especially those in places of Authority and Trust what was in my Lord Barkley's Instructions Dated May 21 1670. relating to Matters of Religion That forasmuch as all good Success doth rest upon the Service of God above all things you are to settle good Orders in the Church that God may be better served in the True Established Religion and the People by that means reduc'd from their Errors But whilst the Irish are in the Power of the Romish Clergy they keep them in such Awe and Ignorance that they scarce dare or can enquire into the differences in Religion nor Read the Scriptures or yet confer with any Protestant Divine so that all they generally know of Religion I speak of the Vulgar Sort is some Fabulous Legends of the Priests Invention or that their Fathers or Families were of that Persuasion and so must they be also But tho' they be much given to Lying yet they are not in the main so ill-natured as some People make them since they own our Baptism and other Institutions to be Essential and will of their own accords come to us when they have not the conveniency of a Priest several instances of which I could give of my own Knowledge There are a great many very Learned Pious and Devout Clergymen of the Protestant Church in Ireland discharging the Duties of their Function with such Religious and Godly Sincerity as becomes the Messengers of Christ But there being a great many Impropriations in that Kingdom and by this means half a score Parishes in some places not able to afford one Hundred Pounds per Annum to a Minister this has given occasion for the Union of several Parishes and not only so but for frequent Pluralities and that in several places very much to the disadvantage of the Church by which means there are a great many Parishes Inhabited only with Papists which for that Reason are generally called Sine Cures as if the Minister had no Business there at all But this I can by no means Subscribe unto since to me they seem to be the clean contrary and not impossible to remedy by finding out some means to allow each Minister a Competency and then oblige him to reside upon it whether his Parishioners be Papists or Protestants since the Living among those People and the frequent Conversation with them wou'd be of more force than all the Penal Laws in Christendom There was a view of Ireland writ by Spencer as I take it towards the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign and amongst other things he has this Remarque Several Irish Families says he are already become English and more would if the English would do their parts in supplying the Country with Learned Pious and painful Preachers who cou'd Out-Preach and Out-Live the Irish Priests For Religion must not be forcibly imposed upon them with Terrors and sharp Penalties as now is the manner but rather delivered and intimated with Mildness and Gentleness so as it may not be hated before it be understood which yet is not so difficult a Task as some People make it for if the Ancient Godly Fathers who first Converted them when they were Infidels to the Faith were able to pull thâ—m from Idolatry and Paganism to the true Belief of Christ as St. Patrick and St. Columb how much more easily shall Godly Teachers bring them to the Vnderstanding of that which they already Profess if they did but shew as much Zeal in disswading them from their Errors as the Priests do Care and Industry to keep them in them However thus far Spencer seems to be in the right of it That True Religion is not to be planted by Penal Laws or the Terrour of Punishment which may fill a Church with Temporizing Hypocrites but never with Sincere Professors for tho' Humane Laws are a good Hedge about Religion and an Encouragement to Vertue yet that which is solely founded upon such binds the Conscience no longer than those Laws are in force But what I am sorry to see so true is that Idleness is the malus Genius of that Kingdom and except you can persuade the People to be Industrious too as well as Religious you are not much nearer the matter for they are Naturally a lazy Crew and love nothing so much as their ease and if an Irishman has but a Cow and a Potatoe Garden it 's all the Wealth he commonly aspires to which way of Feeding a great many give for the Reason that they are generally so mean spirited for you 'll see them in Companies lye loytering in the Streets of any Country Village or by the High-way sides enquiring after and telling
delivering up their Arms a very small return being made through the whole Kingdom they keeping as yet some thousands of all sorts of Arms still concealed which I hope will effectually be taken care of in time The weather was now so violent that the Adventure of London was cast away going to Dublin and several other Ships lost in and about that Bay And the Swallow one of Their Majesties Ships was forced a ground nigh Charles-Fort at Kingsale and there foundred tho' all the Men were saved except two February the 12th John Stone Esq being dead and Captain South imployed elsewhere in the Army a new Commission was granted putting in their Places Colonel Foulks and William Palmer Esquires Commissioners for stating the Accounts of the Army And nigh the same time the Commissary General was sent into England with all the Muster Rolls February 16. the weather breaking up part of my Lord Oxford's Horse driven back by stress of weather Lieutenant General Ginckel's and Major General Ruvigney's Horse with the Princess Anns Foot were all Shipp'd for England The same day Lieutenant General Scravemore went on Board as did Brigadier Leveson in a day or two after Colonel Coy's Horse also are Shipp'd off at Belfast and the Garison of Athlone that had been very uneasie to the Officers and Souldiers all Winter by reason they had no shelter except some small Hutts of their own making was now relieved February the 20th the Commissioners of the Ordnance Arms and Ammunition sent for England had an Order directed to them to send all the Stores of Amunition and other Stores of War that cou'd be spared out of the Magazines for England to be employed elsewhere in Their Majesties Service and accordingly March 1692. a vast quantity of Arms and other Utensils of War were Shipt off February 28 Captain Townsend of the Earl of Meath's Regiment took eight or ten French Men Prisoners who had come a Shoar from a Privateer nigh Castle-Haven and we had an Account from England that His Majesty had Created Lieutenant General Ginckel Baron of Aghrim and Earl of Athlone February 26 An Order was directed to Colonel Foulk to break my Lord George Hambleton's Regiment which was done accordingly in some days after 150 ' of the Men being sent for England and the rest entertained in the Earl of Drogheda's Brigadier Stuart's Sir Henry Ballasis and Colonel Foulk's Regiments March the first a Pass was given out for a Ship to The Hostages go from Cork to France go to France with the Hostages left at Cork and other sick Officers and Souldiers according to the Articles of Limerick And on the third another Order was granted to Colonel Foulk for the raising five Companies of 100 Men in each of the Irish all the subaltern Officers to be of those Reformed in Colonel Wilson's and O Donnel's Battalions and the whole to be commanded by my Lord Iveigh and employed in the Emperor's Service And March the fifth an Order was directed to Mr. Foliot Sherigly chief Deputy Commissary to Disband the Troop of Provoes which was done accordingly March the 17th Lieutenant-General Ruvigny Landed Lieutenant General Ruvigny lands in Ireland from England being made Commander in chief of the Army left in Ireland and Created by his Majesty Lord Viscount Galway and two days after his Lordship and the Lord Viscount Blessington were Sworn of Their Majesties Privy Council as the Bishop of Kildare had been some time before And March the 23 d. the following Proclamation was Published declaring the War of Ireland to be at an end 1692 WILLIAM REX WHEREAS by An Act made in Our Parliament A Proclamation declaring the Wars of Ireland ended at Westminster in the First Year of Our Reign Intituled An Act for the better Security and Relief of Their Majesties Protestant Subjects of Ireland it was among other things Enacted that all and every Person and Persons whatsoever of the Protestant Religion should be absolutely Discharged and Acquitted of and from the Payment of all Quit-Rents Crown-Rents Composition-Rents Hearth-Money Twentieth Parts Payments and other Chief Rents arising or Payable out of any Houses Lands Tenements Hereditaments Rectories Tyths or Church-Livings incurring or becoming due to us at any time after the Five and Twentieth Day of December in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Six Hundred Eighty Eight until the said Kingdom of Ireland shou'd be by us declared to be reduced and the War and Rebellion there ended We have now pursuant to the said Act of Parliament thought fit by and with the Advice of Our Privy Council to Issue this Our Royal Proclamation hereby Declaring that the said Kingdom of Ireland is reduced to Our Obedience and the War and Rebellion there ended And We do hereby Will and Require that all and Singular such Rents and Payments and all other Duties payable to the Crown which shall henceforth grow incur and become due be duely answered and payed to us in such manner and under such Penalties and Forfeitures as if the said Act had not been made Given at Our Court at Kensington the Third Day of March 1691 2. in the Fourth Year of Our Reign God save the King and Queen After which time little of moment happened save March 1692. that the Lords Justices by Directions from Their Majesties appointed a time for those that pretended to the Benefit of the Articles of Limerick or Galway to give in their Names and make good their claims by the 20th of February which time was by Proclamation enlarged to the first of April and afterwards to the 15th Wednesday the sixth of April was appointed the first Day to begin upon those Claims all those concerned being to enter their Names sometime before with the Clerk of the Council which Names were to be posted up at least ten Days before their Cause was to be heard their Claims being to be made out by at least three Credible Witnesses one of which was to be a Protestant Accordingly on the sixth of April the Council met upon this Affair and continued every Monday Wednesday and Friday so to do which was a much easier way and more to the Interest and Advantage of the Irish than any Court of Claims erected only for that purpose cou'd have been CHAP. XI A brief Account of the former and present Circumstances of Ireland The Division of it into Provinces and Counties Bishopricks and Parishes The Soil of Ireland Sir John Davis his Reasons why Ireland was so long in being entirely subjâ—cted to the Crown of England What Tanistry is This a reason why the Irish did not improve their Country Of Fosterings and Cosherings A Brief Estimate of the Expence of the former Wars of Ireland An Essay towards the reckoning the Charge of this last The former evils still remain The Interest of the King and People of England in general to advance the Power and Trade of the English in Ireland The Interest also of the Roman Catholicks
themselves whether of English or Irish Extraction to advance the Power of England in that Kingdom Two main Objections answered Religion in the first place to be taken care of An Invasion from France upon that Kingdom England or Scotland at this juncture very improbable A Remark upon the last that endeavour'd it I Have now given you all that I know of this last unhappy Irish Wars that is fit at this juncture to be sent to the Press And it 's more possibly than some Men will thank me for or yet the following Remarks that I am going to make upon the Affairs of that Kingdom and its present Circumstances upon which if any please to throw away another half Hour tho' they find nothing worth taking notice of Yet I hope they 'll have no Reason to be angry since Opinion in things indifferent is free to all Men And we have no better way to conjecture what may be hereafter than by comparing our thoughts of it with what now is and formerly has been Ireland next to Great Brittain is the greatest Island The Circumference of Ireland in Europe esteemed by Sir William Petty at Ten Millions Five Hundred Thousand Irish Acres and by others at Ten Millions Eight Hundred and Sixty Eight Thousand Acres which they reckon to be above 17 Millions of English Measure 121 Irish Acres making about 196 English and yet Sir William Petty computes the Irish Acres to make not above 14 Millions of English accounting nigh two Millions of Acres in Mountains Bogs Strands and other unprofitable Land a great part of which however is capable of improvement and makes Ireland in circumference almost equal to England Wales excepted The Latitude of Ireland North is said to be parallel with Dumfrese in Scotland and South to St. Michael's Mount in Cornwal its Longitude West to the utmost point of Ire Conaght in the County of Galway and East to the head of Houth The Kingdom for many Ages past has been divided Itâ— Division into Provinces and Counties into four Provinces three of which before that Division were commonly distinct Monarchies and sometimes the fourth which by degrees as the English Interest prevailed were subdivided into Counties of which there are thirty two at this day in all the Kingdom The Provinces are Leinster Munster Conaght and Vlster Leinster has eleven Counties Dublin Wicklow and Wexford on the Sea-side East-Meath West-Meath and Carlow within Land tho' with a corner reaching to the Sea Kilkenny Kildare Kings-County Queens-County and Longford are Inland Counties also Munster has six Counties two within Land as Tipperary and Limerick but Waterford Cork Kerry and Clare all on the Coast Conaght has Galway Mayo and Sligo towards the Sea with Roscomon and Letrim within Land Vlster has six Counties on the Sea-side Fermanagh Donegal London-Derry Antrim Down and Louth and four within Land as Cavan Monohan Armagh and Tyrone In the Year 1151 according to Cambden Christianus Into Arch-Bishopricks and Bishopricks Bishop of Lismore Legate of all Ireland and Johannes Paperon Cardinal Priest according to Sir James Ware brought four Palls from Eugenius the third and held a Synod or Council at Kells as some say or at Mellefort according to others whereat were present the Bishops Abbots Kings Captains and Elders of Ireland when by General consent four Arch-Bishopricks were Constituted Armagh Dublin Cashel and Tuam under whom there were 34 other Bishopricks viz. ten subordinate to Armagh five to Dublin twelve to Cashel and seven to Tuam But now they are reduced to 21 in all and those divided into 2278 Parishes and those in a political capacity have eight that are called Cities Dublin Kilkenny Waterford Cork Cashel Clogher Limerick and London-Derry besides about ninety Boroughs and Corporations As to the Natural Advantages of Ireland many People The Soil of Ireland can confirm what Sir John Davis a Man of Wit Learning and Prudence has writ several Years ago viz. That having been in all the Provinces of that Kingdom he had observed the good Temperature of the Air the fruitfulness of the Soil the pleasant and commodious Seats for Habitation the safe and large Ports and Havens lying open for Traffick unto all the West parts of the World the long Inlets of many Navigable Rivers and so many great Lakes and fresh Ponds within Land as the like are not to be seen in any part of Europe the rich Fishings and Wild Fowl of all Kinds And lastly the Bodies and Minds of the People Endowed with extraordinary Abilities of Nature And however it has become a Proverb in England The Irish no such Fools as the World Commonly makes them to call a dull unthinking Fellow a Man of an Irish Understanding yet for any thing appears to the contrary they have acted a Prudent part for at least these Five Hundred Years nor is their crafty insinuating wheedling way as yet any thing abated and whosoever will look amongst the Natives of that Countrey at this juncture will probably find some Knaves but as few Folls as in any other Kingdom of the World But since I have mention'd so Judicious an Author Sir John Davis his Reasons why Ireland has been so long in reducing to the Crown of England as Sir John Davis I suppose it will not be unpleasant to hear some of his Reasons why it has been so long a time before Ireland was entirely subject to the Crown of England and why the English were more apt to run into the Irish Barbarous Customs and imitate their way of living than on the Contrary As to the first of these he mentions four main defects of the Armies that at different times were sent out of England to Conquer Ireland 1. They were for the most part too weak for a Conquest 2. When otherwise as in both the Journies of Richard the Second they were too soon broken up and dissolved 3. They were ill paid and 4. They were ill Govern'd a necessary Consequence of the former Which Inconveniences happen'd because the King 's of England for many Ages together were generally otherwise imploy'd either in the Holy-Land or in France or in their Wars with Scotland or else in that unhappy fewd between the two Houses of Lancaster and York So that they cou'd neither attend the Irish War in their own Persons nor spare a Competency either of Men or Money to compleat the Work which was only begun in King Henry the Second's days rather by a few private Adventurers than by any thing that had the face of a Royal Army And besides the standing Forces were seldom or never reinforced out of England that is in the times towards the beginning of the English Government only the King's Treasure there was spent and wholly spent in the King's service so that in the Reigns of four successive Kings Viz. Henry III. Edward I. Edward II. and Edward III. between the Receipts and Allowances this Entry is commonly found in the Pipe-Rolls In Thesauro