the succesful execution thereof is received at Rome with joy and triumph as the Murtherers in the Parisian Massacre were highly extolled by the Pope and rewarded with such spiritual Graces as his Holiness useth to bestow SECT V. That wheresoever it finds Encouragement it is restless till it bears down all before it or hath put all in disorder MAy we judg by these things how a Party devoted to the See of Rome are to be trusted and cherished in a Protestant Nation who mind the securing of themselves and their posterity from the sharpest Persecutions especially considering the Third Branch of the Charge That in any State where they find advantage or fit matter to work upon they are restless till they bear down all or put all in disorder Popery hath its formed Combinations and seâ—led Correspondencies over all Christendom under the Supreme Direction and Government of the Congregation at Rome for the propagation of the Faith which sent over swarms of Seminary Priests Jesuits and Fryars of all sorts who made their Hives in England The several PARLIAMENTS of the later times of King James represented to the King how the Popish Recusants had dangerously increased their Numbers and Insolencies having great expectation from the Treaties with Spain and the interposing of Foreign Princes for Indulgence to them how they openly and usually resorted to the Churches and Chappels of Foreign Ambassadors their more then usual concourse to the City and their frequent Conventicles and Conferences there how their children were educated in many Foreign Seminaries appropriated to the English Fugitives what swarms of Priests and Jesuits came into the Land many Popish and Seditious Books licentiously printed and dispersed From which Causes as from bitter Roots most dangerous Effects both to Church and State would follow For the Popish Religion is incompatible with ours it draws with it an unavoidable dependance upon Foreign Princes it opens a wide gap for popularity in any who shall draw too great a party it hath a restless spirit and will strive by these gradations If it once get connivance it will press for Toleration if that should be obtained it must have an Equality from thence it will aspire to a Superiority and never rest till it hath wrought the subversion of true Religion In the several PARLIAMENTS of King Charles the First not one Publick Grievance was more insisted on then the Growth of POPERY In the Third PARLIAMENT of that King at a Conference between the Lords and Commons about Popish Recusants one of the Principal Secretaries of State spake thus Give me leave to tell you what I know That These now both vaunt at home and write to their Friends abroad they hope all will be well and doubt not to prevail and win ground upon us And a little to awaken the Care and Zeal of our Learned and Grave Fathers it is fit that they take notice of that Hierarchy which is already Established in competition with their Lordships For they have already a Bishop consecrated by the Pope This Bishop hath his subalternate Officers of all kinds as Vicars General Arch-Deacons Rural Deans Apparitors and such like neither are these nominal and titular Officers alone but they all execute their Jurisdiction and make their ordinary Visitation throughout the Kingdom keep Courts and determine Ecclesiastical Causes and which is an argument of more consequence they keep ordinary intelligence by their Agents at Rome and hold correspondencies with the Nuncio's and Cardinals both at Bruxels and in France Neither are the Seculars alone grown to this height but the Regulars are more active and dangerous and have taken deep root They have already planted their Societies and Colledges of both Sexes They have setled Revenues Houses Libraries Vestments and all other necessary provisions to travel or stay at home nay even at this time they intend to hold a concurrent Assembly with this Parliament In Ireland a Popish Clergy far more numerous then the Protestant was in full exercise of all Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction by Arch-Bishops Bishops Vicars General Officiats and a Vicar Apostolical And they had a special Cardinal at Rome for their Protector Among other Projects a Consultation and Overture of reconciling England and Rome was set on foot Some of Eminency in the Church of England gave advantage to the Project by declaring That only the Puritans among the Protestants and the Jesuits among the Papists obstructed the Peace of Christendom Some prime Agent of the Pope made a solemn offer of a Cardinalship to Bishop Laud at the time of his translation to the See of Canterbury Sancta Clara presumed to dedicate his Book to the King wherein the Articles of the Church of England were examined by the Roman Standard and distorted to the sense of the Council of Trent The Pope had Three Nuncio's Panzani Con and Roseti successively residing in England to work upon this State by advantage of the Project of Reconciliation This Faction had many Irons in the Fire and many strings to their Bow They had their Agents in Court City and Country They had their Spyes in the Houses of great men and such as kept continual watch over them that had the chief sway of Publick Affairs Their work was to raise and foster Jealousies between the King and His People to cast things into the hurry of Faction Prejudice and confused Motion And whether the Court or Popular Faction prevailed they thought it equally advantagious to their Designs which was to unsettle the present State and work Mutations Such Incendiaries are the Factors of Rome and such busie Engineers in the Confusions of Christendom Can any that considers the foregoing passages doubt of the powerful and special Agency of the Court of Rome in the Commotions that followed A Venetian Agent in England intimate with Nuncio Panzani and privy to all his Negotiations made this Observation If one may make judgment of things future by things past this Realm so divided into many Factions in matter of Religion and that of the Catholick increasing daily will in time be troubled and torn with Civil Warrs SECT VI. The PAPISTS pretension of Loyalty and Merit in the King's Cause Examined THE great Plea and boasting of the Romanists is Their pretension of Merit in the King's Cause The truth is the Papists knew that the PARLIAMENT was fully bent and deeply engaged against them and therefore despaired of any good to themselves by a direct and open compliance with them whatever undiscerned influence they might have on their Counsels So that Necessity made them to serve the King in that Warr. And they brought neither Success nor Reputation to His Majesties Affairs nor did He care to own their Assistance more then as justified by the present necessity And they have little reason to upbraid the Protestants with the scandal of that Warr for whatsoever was alledged in defence thereof by the PARLIAMENT and their Adherents as much hath been written by very Eminent School-men and Doctors
being found unmoveable the Pope published his Declaratory Sentence against Her by which all Her Subjects were absolved from the Oath of Allengiance and an Anathema denounced against those that thence forth obey Her The Popish Rebellion in the North breaks out Many horrid attempts of Violence upon Her Majesties Person were plotted one after another for many years together as that of Dr. Story of Parry of Arden and Somervile of Throgmorton of Babington and his Complices besides the concurrent Commotion in Ireland In these several Treasons many of the Seminary Priests were forward and active The great and setled Design was the advancing of the Queen of Scots to the Crown of England wherein were ingaged the Pope and Spaniard and French King and Duke of Guise in conjunction with the English Papists making use of her Title to set on foot those many desperate Enterprises against the Queen After the death of the Queen of Scots they raised a new Title to the Crown in the House of Spain The memory of Eighty Eight will be an everlasting Monument of Papistical Cruelty and Treason Cardinal Allen the first founder or procurer of the Foreign Seminaries a person admired as well by the Secular Priests as Jesuits penned a Treatise with all the Rhetorick he had to excite the English Catholicks to joyn with the Spaniards Among the Forces in the Low-Countries prepared for this Invasion were seven hundred English Fugitives After the Spanish Armado was dissipated the Jesuits had not done They would have stirred up the Earl of Derby to assume the Title of the Kingdom they plotted the poysoning of the Queen by Lopez her Physician they excited Villains to dispatch her by bloody hands and they never left soliciting the King of Spain till he twice attempted another Invasion In those times Parsons his Book of Titles was famous wherein he set up divers Competitors for the Crown preferring the Infanta before all others and slighting King James his Title as having but few Favourers and little accounted by Catholicks The Roman party could be provoked to these mischiefs by no other impulse then the impetuous zeal of their Superstition Some of their own did then publsh to the world their important Considerations to move all true Catholicks to acknowledg That the proceedings of Her Majesty and the State with them since the beginning of Her Reign had been mild and merciful In the several times of those mischievous designments though some priests were executed yet those that were found moderate in their Examinations obtained Mercy and a great number of them that by Law were obnoxious to death were spared from that extremity and only banished It is true that certain Secular priests did impute all those Treasons to the Jesuits and their Adherents and fully charged them with all the aforefaid matters of Fact in terms of highest aggravation acquitting all other Catholicks But it must be noted that the Jesuits were in greatest reputation and had the predominant influence upon the English Papists in general and as appears by the Seculars loud Complaints had such a power of disposing the Alms collected for their prisoners and other sufferers that such as complied not with their purposes were debarr'd of relief and pined for want And by their counsels the Foreign Seminaries those Nurseries of Disloyalty were wholly swayed And 't is observable That the agrieved Seculars never published their pretended abhorrency of these Treasons till they were over-past and themselves being driven to despair by the Jesuits potency were forced to take shelter under a great Prelate of the Church of England The same Spirit of Disloyalty was as active and vigorous in that Kings time who at his first entrance found himself excluded from Title to the Crown by two Papal Breves the ground-work of that Infernal Plot of matchless Villany and Cruelty the GUNPOWDER-TREASON After the defeat of which horrid Conspiracy the Projects of Rome proceeded not in such down-right Rebellions which always miscarried but in ways more secretly undermining Religion and as truly destructive to the Interest of King and Kingdom SECT IV. That it Persecutes all other Religions within its reach THE second Branch of the Charge against Popery is That it persecutes all other Religions within its reach In the Church of Rome for many by-past Ages the Meekness of Christ and the Dove-like nature of his Spouse hath not appeared but the Cruelty of that great Whore that was drunken with the Blood of the Saints and of the Martyrs of Jesus All that cast off her yoke and disown her pretended Infallibility are with her no better then Hereticks though they intirely own all the Articles of the Christian Faith received by the ancient Church And Hereticks are esteemed more vile then dogs and it is held meritorious to abuse and torment them Her Laws have made their punishment to be the sharpest kind of death Burning alive inexorably inflicted By this Romish Wrath and Fury were Three hundred Martyrs sacrificed in Queen Maries time for not believing the Sacramental Bread to be turned into the Substance of Christs Body against the most clear and distinct perception and reason of all Mankind But can humane Nature hear without horror the report of that direful Consistory called the Holy Inquisition established in those Countries where Popery is in full sway Doubtless that Church whose Religious Orders in a solemn and Sacred Judicatory shall commit such horrid Outrages as are indeed acted by those Infernal Judges upon pretence of Justice and Piety must needs be a School of Universal Cruelty for all her Adherents The Popish hath outgone the Pagan Cruelty What Treachery and Villany hath been acted What barbarous Indignities have been offered in ways as immodest and shameless as outragious and merciless upon pretence of zeal against Hereticks What varieties of strangely-devised Torments have been inflicted upon the Servants of Christ without sparing Age Sex or Condition Nor hath such work been done onely in our Age or Country but in all Ages successively and Countries universally that were imbued with Romish Principles Witness the huge slaughters of the Waldenses the persecutions of the Bohemian Brethren and of many others throughout Christendom in the former Ages And since Protestant-Reformation how have the Romish Zealots filled Europe with the slaughters of Christians within their reach in France Germany Spain Italy England Scotland the Netherlands In Ireland Piedmont and Poland their Cruelty is fresh in memory And the slain cannot be numbred for multitude they were killed by Thousands Ten thousands Hundred thousands at one and the same Persecution And the Tragedies have been acted where the Name of Protestant was well known yea where Protestants were under the shelter of the Law For the Jesuits uncessantly stir up the Princes to fall upon their people against Law and without provocation given and after things have been setled to break their Agreements with them And the Pope himself is the Contriver or Applauder of these Mischiefs and
of the Roman Church for the Interest of the people and the Consent of the Cities and the Peers in Defensive Arms. Which they have written over and above their peculiar Principle of the Popes Universal Power of Deposing Kings that are unfit for Government As for the woful Catastrophe of those Commotions it hath been manifested to the world by such as undertook to justifie it when Authority should require That the year before the Kings death a select number of Jesuits being sent from their whole Party in England consulted both the Faculty of Sorbon and the Conclave at Rome touching the Lawfulness and Expediency of promoting the Change of Government by making away the King whom they despaired to turn from his Heresie It was debated and concluded in both places That for the Advancement of the Catholick Cause it was Lawful and Expedient to carry on that Alteration of State This Determination was effectually pursued by many Jesuits that came over and acted their parts in several Disguises After that execrable Fact was perpetrated on the Person of our Soveraign if we may believe most credible reports there were many Witnesses of the great joy among the English Convents and Seminaries and other companies of Papists beyond Sea as having overcome their great Enemy and done their main work Many of their Chief ones sought the favour of the Usurpers with offers of doing them service One of great note among them in a Book entituled Grounds of Obedience and Government undertook the solution of the Grand Case of those Times That if a People be dissolved into the State of Anarchy their Promise made to their expelled Governour binds no more they are remitted to the force of Nature to provide for themselves That the old Magistrates Right stands upon the Common Peace and that is transferred to his Rival by the Title of Quiet Possession Conformably to these Principles they address their Petition To the Supream Authority the PARLIAMENT of the Commonwealth of England They affirmed They had generally taken and punctually kept the Engagement and promised That if they might enjoy their Religion they would be the most quiet and useful Subjects Of their Actings since His Majesties Restauration and the Jealousies and Rumours about them let men judg as they find by the Evidences that are given SECT VII The Result of the whole Discourse touching the Popish Party AND now let it be duly weighed Whether the Papists of these Dominions have in later times changed their former Principles and Interests or have only taken another method of greater Artifice and Subtilty as the change of times hath given them direction and advantage The scope of the whole preceding Discourse is to call in question those high pretensions of theirs and to cross their Aims at great Power and Trust But it is not directed against the Security of their Persons or Fortunes or any meet Indulgence or Clemency towards them Let them have their Faith to themselves without being vexed with snares or any afflicted the State always providing to obviate the forementioned Principles and Practices of Disloyalty and the diffusing of the leaven of their Superstition The Inference of the whole is this That they be not admitted to a capacity of evil and dangerous influence upon the Affairs of the Kingdom or of interrupting and perplexing the course of things that concern the publike SECT VIII That the Reformed Religion makes good Christians and good Subjects AS true Religion is the most Noble End so it is the best Foundation of all Political Government And it is the felicity of the State of England to rest upon this Basis even Reformed Christianity or the Primitive and Apostolick Religion recovered out of the Apostacy of the later times and severed from that new kind of Paganism or Pagano-Christianism under which it lay much oppressed and overwhelmed but not extinguished It s wholsome Doctrine contained in its publick Confessions makes good Christians and good Subjects It teacheth obedience to Civil Magistrates without the controle of any Superior or Collateral Power Nor is it concerned if dangerous Positions fall from the Pens of some Writers And notwithstanding the Adversaries Cavils the Divines of Authority and solid Reputation in the Protestant Churches do with a general Consent maintain the Rights of Princes and Soveraign Powers against all Disobedience If any aberration in Practice hath been found in its Professors it is not to be charged therewith because it condemns it but the general practice in this point hath been conformable to the Doctrine The Reformation in England for its Legality and Orderliness is unquestionable In Germany it was setled and defended by Princes and free Cities that governed their own Signiories and Territories paying only a respect of Homage to the Emperor In Helvetia it began by the Senates of the Cantons It was received in Geneva by that Republick after the Civil Government had been reformed by strong Papists In the Provinces of the Netherlands it was spread many years before the Union against the Spaniard which Union was not made upon the score of Religion but of State The manner of its beginning in Scotland is by some attributed to a National Disposition the asperity and vehemency thereof is said to be greater in times of Popery and to be much mitigated by the Reformation For France we may take the Testimony of King JAMES who was jealous enough for the Power of Kings He said That he never knew yet that the French Protestants took Arms against their King In the first Troubles they stood only upon their Defence before they took Arms they were burned and Massacred every where The first Quarrel did not begin for Religion but because when King Francis the Second was under Age they had been the refuge of the Princes of the Blood expelled from the Court who knew not else where to take Sanctuary and that it shall not be found that they made any other Warr. It is not for this Discourse to intermeddle with all the Actions of Protestant Subjects towards their Princes that have happened in Christendom Let them stand or fall by the Laws and Polity under which they live Whensoever they have been disloyal they have swerved from the known and received Rules of their Profession Through the corruption of Mankind Subjects of whatsoever perswasion are prone to Murmurings and Mutinies Sometimes Oppression makes them mad Sometimes a Jealousie of Incroachments upon their Legal Rights and Liberties raiseth Distempers and Contests And sometimes an unbridled wanton affecting of inordinate Liberty makes them insolent and licentious But over and above these common Sources of Rebellion Popery hath a peculiar one and that of the greatest Force the Conscience of Religious Obligations and the Zeal of the Catholick Faith Protestants have never disowned their King for difference in Religion as the most of the Roman Catholieks of France dealt with Henry the Fourth by the Popes instigation And in their greatest Enormities they have never attempted
A DISCOURSE OF THE RELIGION OF ENGLAND ASSERTING That REFORMED CHRISTIANITY setled in its Due Latitude is the Stability and Advancement of this KINGDOM LONDON Printed in the Year M. DC LX. VII THE PREFACE REligion being deeply imprinted in Humane Nature and having a great Power over it and being more notably displayed in the present Age is become the Grand Interest of States and almost of all men though not after the same manner nor upon the same Grounds and Motives For this cause whether it comes in Truth or in Shew only it is found to rule and turn about the great Affairs of the World And though many things of different nature may have great influence on the State of this Kingdom yet Religion and Matters of Conscience evidently appear to have the greatest The distinguishing of Persons for the favour or disfavour of the Times yea the very Names of Discrimination pass upon the account of Religious Differences The Active part of all sorts and ranks of men is hereby chiefly swayed in their Motions and their Affections move more importunately in this One then in all their other Concernments Wherefore if a Settlement may be found out which may accommodate all those Parties or Perswasions in which the Peace of the Nation is bound up it will prove the undoubted Interest of this State And if such a Settlement be likewise found to be the true and sound state of Religion it must needs be acceptable to the faithful Servants of Christ and the true Lovers of their Country Now the Adventure of this Discourse is to Assert That Reformed Christianity rightly stated and setled in its due Latitude is the Stability and Advancement of the Kingdom of England Nothing is here suggested for Politick Ends to corrupt the Purity or enervate the Power of Religion or to lessen Charity but the Fatherly Compassion of Rulers and the mutual Brotherly Condescention of all Christians required by the Law of Christ and some Connivence in case of insuperable Necessities and that for the Truth 's sake is here propounded Episcopacy is not undermined nor any other Form of Government here insinuated only a Relaxation of the Prescribed Uniformity and some Indulgence to Dissenters of Sound Faith and Good Life is submissively offered to the Consideration of our Superiors All Pragmatical Arrogance presuming to give Rules to Governours and to teach them what to do is carefully avoided only the Possibility Expediency and Necessity of Moderation is represented And it is humbly desired That this Honest Intention in pursuance of Peace may find a favourable Reception The Contents SEct. 1. The Religion of this Realm and Three different parties of most important consideration The Protestants of the Church of England the Protestant Nonconformists and the Papists Sect. 2. The Behaviour and Pretension of the Popish Party in these times Sect. 3. That Popery disposeth Subjects to Rebellion Sect. 4. That it persecutes all other Religions within its reach Sect. 5. That where soever it finds Encouragement it is restless till it bears down all before it or hath put all in disorder Sect. 6. The Papists Pretension of Loyalty and Merit in the Kings Cause examined Sect. 7. The result of the whole Discourse touching the Popish Party Sect. 8. That the Reformed Religion makes good Christians and good Subjects Sect. 9. The Reformed Religion is the permanent Interest of this Kingdom Sect. 10. It is for the behoof of Religion and true Piety and for the Interest of this State That Reformed Christianity be setled in its full Extent Sect. 11. How momentous in the Ballance of the Nation those Protestants are that dissent from the present Ecclesiastical Polity Sect. 12. The Extirpation of the Dissenters is both difficult anaunprofitable Sect. 13. The Representation of this Difficulty is no threatning to Rulers or intimation of Rebellion Sect. 14. The setling of the Nation by an Established Order a Toleration and a Connivence Sect. 15. Of the Established Order in Religion and the Moderation therein required Sect. 16. Whether the Dissenters are capable of being brought into such a Comprehension Sect. 17. Acquiescence in the widened Establishment is the safety of Religion Sect. 18. Of Toleration and Connivence Sect. 19. Dissenters of narrow and rigid Principles advised to Moderation Sect. 20. This comprehensive state of Religion further considered with respect to Three Important Interests First To that of the King Sect. 21. Secondly To the Interest of the Church and Clergy Sect. 22. Thirdly To the Interest of the Nobility and Gentry Sect. 23. The general Security that comes by this Latitude ERRATA Page 9. line 2. read in King James his time p. 5. l. 18. r. Arts of Rome p. 31. l. 31. r. exacted A DISCOURSE OF THE RELIGION of ENGLAND SECT I. The Religion of this Realm and three different Parties of most important consideration The Protestants of the Church of England the Protestant Nonconformists and the Papists THE Religion of England considered not only as established by Law but as rooted in the Nation and generally embraced is that which is called Protestant and is no other then Christianity recovered out of the Antichristian Apostacy and reformed from the Corruptions of later Ages after the Primitive Purity receiving the holy Scriptures as the perfect Rule of Christian Faith and Life How beit in this Realm there be three different Parties of most important consideration The first consists of those Protestants that zealously adhere to the English Ecclesiastical Polity and call themselves the Church of England The second sort is of those Protestants that receive the Doctrine of Faith contained in the Articles of Religion but are dissatisfied in the form of Ecclesiastical Polity These by their Adversaries have been usually called Puritans The third is of those that utterly reject the Reformation and remain united to the Pope as their Spiritual Head and call themselves Roman-Catholicks Hereupon an impartial serious Observer respecting the Common Good may be induced to make inquiry How agreeable or dis-harmonious each of these Three are to the Publick Weal as also What proportion they bear to each other and whether those under the Legal Establishment or the Dissenters preponderate in the Ballance of the Nation or whether the Established preponderate in that degree which is requisite in true reason of Government SECT II. The Behaviour and Pretensions of the POPISH Party in these Times THE Roman-Catholicks in England considered not barely in their Number but in their Rank and Quality being Rich and Powerful and Strong in Alliances are very momentous and seem to be capable of great Designs especially in conjunction with Foreign Interests In these times they have taken much Liberty and Boldness with an undisturbed Security and lately have been observed to be more then ordinarily active jocund and confident of the effect of their Mutual Correspondencies and manifold passages of dangerous appearance have been every where spoken of in so much that the Nation hath taken an Alarm and
the Stabbing and Poysoning of Princes that stood in their way which the Jesuits teach their Disciples SECT IX The Reformed Religion is the permanent Interest of this Kingdom AS the Protestant or Reformed Religion is the true Primitive Christianity so it is the stable and permanent Interest of England and the sure Foundation of its Prosperity The King of England is the most Mighty Prince of this Profession and becomes the more Potent over Christendom by being the Head and Chief of the whole Protestant Party And it is well known That by the Support and Defence of this Cause the Nation hath encreased in Honour and Wealth and Power The Peoples rooted Aversness from Popery is most apparent and their Jealousies work upon any more then usual Insolence or Confidence of the Papists The Royallists as well as others have been Allarm'd and manifested their Zeal against it And His Majesties Aversness from it is so fully declared by His Constancy amidst Temptations in the time of His Exile and now since His Return that for His Honours sake it is made very penal for any to suggest that He would introduce it the Law presuming That such suggestion must needs proceed from an evil mind And what Prince that hath cast off the Popes yoke would willingly come under it again A Foreign Statesman of the Roman Profession hath observed it as a Barr against the projected Reconciliation between England and Rome That it could not be effected without Concessions on both sides contrary to the Maxims of both parties This Realm saith he is perversly addicted to maintain its own resolute Opinion of Excluding the Popes Authority And the Court of Rome is more sollicitous to remove whatsoever is contrary to its Temporal Grandure then to extirpate such Heresies as this Realm is infected with To instance in that one point of the Approbation or Toleration of the Oath of Allegiance though some Catholick Doctors had with their Tongues and Pens maintained the lawfulness of that Oath yet thereby and by opening some other points of high consequence they had so displeased the Pope that could they have been catch't they were sure to have been burn'd or strangled for it But what allurement is there to dispose the Monarchs of the Earth to subject themselves to the Sacerdotal Empire of Rome or to endeavour an Accommodation with it Hath Popery its advantages to dispose Subjects to security and blind obedience So it hath its advantages to loosen the Bonds of Allegiance and foment Rebellion in Subjects when Protestancy seasons them with principles of unstained Loyalty A people nuzled in ignorance and superstition are more easily seduced from their obedience to Magistrates and carried headlong by those that have dominion over their Consciences But Understanding and Knowledg makes men considerate and more easily manageable by a just and prudent Government As for the Clergy's Interest though the Protestant Religion doth not affect that excessive Pomp and Splendor of Church-men which the Popish doth yet it is taken for granted That neither Conscience nor Interest will permit the Bishops and Clergy of England to unite to the See of Rome Their Doctrine is too pure and their Judgment too clear for a full compliance with Popery And they know what it is to come under the Papal Yoke to divest themselves and receive new Orders from Rome and to be displaced and set behind the Veteran Soldiers of the Roman Camp whose turns must be first served SECT X. It is for the behoof of Religion and true Piety and for the Interest of this State That Reformed Christianity be setled in its full Extent IF it be resolved That Protestancy is the truth of Christianity and also the stability of England it follows That this Profession must not be streightned and lessened but inlarged and cherished according to its true Extent and the Rule and Square of the Ecclesiastical State must be commensurate thereunto It should be the measure of all mens Zeal and Activity in Rites and Opinions whatsoever is necessary to its support and advancement is constantly to be asserted and about things impertinent thereunto contention should utterly cease This is to advance the Kingdom of God among men and to encrease the Church's glory upon earth But by needless Schisms and Factions to weaken the common Interest of Reformed Christianity is to dissipate the Church of God and to defeat the great Ends of the Christian Religion which are Sound and strong Faith in Christ and his Promises unfeigned devotion purity of heart innocence and integrity of life common charity brotherly love humility mutual forbearance and condescention unshaken peace and concord As this Latitude promotes the great Designs of Christs Gospel so it settles this Nation and is for matter of Religion its right and sure Basis. Every good Foundation lyes adequate to the Building to be laid thereon So any Polity Civil or Ecclesiastical should be proportionate to the people to be governed thereby The people that are of moment in the Ballance of this Nation are though not universally yet more generally rooted in Protestantism as it is taken in its due latitude and not as unduly restrained by the passions and interests of men For in this they are one though divided about lesser things There hath been much discord between men of several Perswasions that throughly accord with each other in the same common Faith as almost to expunge one another out of the List of Protestants Surely this is a great error and a disadvantage on all hands as well to those that stand on the Vantage-ground as to others For they that carry it after this sort do weaken the Common Interest of true Religion and strengthen the Common Adversary that is irreconcilable and disparage themselves as a narrow Party or Faction That all those who heartily embrace the English Reformation established by Law are Protestants will not be questioned by men of temperate spirits And concerning the residue let the sober-minded judge Whether they that assent to the Doctrine of Faith contained in the Articles of the Church of England and do worship God according to that Faith have right to be esteemed Protestants Now if Protestancy taken in its due Extent doth sway the Nation and is able to settle its Peace against the Competition of any Rival should it not be encompassed according to that Extent as much as is possible in the Polity of this State SECT XI How momentous in the Ballance of the Nation those Protestants are that dissent from the present Ecclesiastical Polity VVHether cogent Reason speaks for this Latitude be it now considered How momentous in the Ballance of this Nation those Protestants are which are dissatisfied in the present Ecclesiastical Polity They are every where spred through City and Countrey they make no small part of all ranks and sorts of men by Relations and Commerce they are so woven into the Nations Interest that it is not easie to sever them without unravelling the whole
They are not excluded from among the Nobility among the Gentry they are not a few but none are of more importance then they in the Trading part of the people and those that live by Industry upon whose hands the Business of the Nation lyes much It hath been noted that some who bear them no good will have said That the very Air of Corporations is infected with their Contagion And in whatsoever degree they are high or low ordinarily for good understanding steddiness and soberness they are not inferior to others of the same Rank and Quality neither do they want the Rational Courage of English Men. As for the Ministers of this Perswasion some have called them Fools for their Inconformity others are reported to have said That the Church should not so easily be rid of them as if their Conformity had been dreaded by them Some have pitied them wishing that they would Conform and others revile them saying Conform or not Conform never trust them Howbeit they make Solemn Appeals to the Most High God That they dare not Conform for Conscience sake and that it is not in the power of their own wills to relieve them And whatsoever their grounds of dissent be they hold it out against all hopes of Indulgence whilst many of them live in Necessities and most of them upon the kindness of others It is now about Five years since a Full and Vigorous Act of Uniformity at once cleared the Church of the supposed Enemies of her Polity All Corporations have been New-model'd and changed as to the Principles and Tempers of persons for the better securing of the Government in Church and State The Private Meetings for Religious Worship termed Conventicles are strictly prohibited Deportation being the Penalty upon the Third Conviction And for the breaking and dissipating of the whole Party it is provided by another Law That the Non-conforming Ministers be removed five miles distant from the places of their usual supports and influences Such care is taken and such is the advantage both of Law and Power to strengthen the State and restrain Dissenters Nevertheless the State Ecclesiastical hath advanced little in the esteem acceptance or acquiescence of people The Dissenters are still the same and are rather strengthned in their aversness And those of them that repair to the publick Assemblies retain their Principles of Reformation as they speak without seperation The Indifferent sort of men are still indifferent and it may be have some kindness for the depressed Party and pity them in their Sufferings SECT XII The Extirpation of the Dissenters is both difficult and unprofitable PEradventure some think their total Extirpation to be the surest way to publick Security and Peace and that great Severities will do the work But Violent compulsion and Terror comports not with the nature of Christian Religion which is a Rational Service and seeks a willing people and is not at all in truth where it is not received with judgment and free choice Besides the success of such a course may be doubted of since the Protestant spirit is not like the Popish Cruel and outragious and the nature of English men is not bloody but generously compassionate Wherefore in this Land to execute Extremity upon an intelligent sober and peaceable sort of men so numerous among all ranks may prove exceeding difficult unless it be executed by such Instruments as may strike terror into the whole Nation The Civil Officers in general may not be found so forward to afflict their quiet and harmless neighbours Moreover if severity used once for all could extinguish an opposite party there might be some plea of Policy but when Severity must still be justified with more Severity without an end it is like to prove unlucky to the undertakers Nor is the Nation like to grow the better by the subversion of this sort if it were effected For in them no small part of the Nations Sobriety Frugality and Industry doth reside They are not the Great Wasters but mostly in the number of Getters In most places the displaceing of them hath not encreased Civility and good Conversation among men and it makes not for their dishonour that many will swear and be drunk to declare they are none of them There is something of more importance To purge the Nation of this people may be to purge out more of its Vitals then the strength of this State can bear To suppress those that are reckoned among the chief in Trading and whose Commerce is so general may beget a general diffidence and insecurity in Traders and may help to drive away Trade it self and send it to an emulous and encroaching Nation May we mind without offence the event of things among us The business of the Nation hath not proceeded with the current and free passage expected nor doth its Wealth and Glory encrease Trade languisheth and Traders fail in great Numbers the Rents of Lands fall there is scarcity of Money in City and Country the Necessities and Difficulties of private Estates are common and Complainings are general And after a continued decay things are at last fallen and funk much lower in the Ruins of the City of LONDON 'T is the Nations happiness to be re-established upon the Ancient Legal Foundations but it is the right stating and pursuing of its true Interest by which it comes to a firm consistency and proportionable growth But this sort of men are inquisitive and therefore troublesome to Rulers to whom Obedience without disputing is most acceptable It is fit indeed they be as humble and modest as inquisitive Yet these inquiring men stand much by that main Principle of Protestantism the Judgment of Discretion Indeed the Churches Infallibility and the peoples implicite Faith may help against all Disputes but it cannot be so in England whilst the people read the Scriptures and the established Doctrine of Faith remains with us And if no greater latitude can be allowed then is at present a Race of Non-conformists is like to run parallel with the Conformists to the worlds end SECT XIII The representation of this Difficulty is no Threatning to Rulers or Intimation of Rebellion SUch as take this Representation for a Challenge to the Higher Powers and a Demand of LIBERTY and a Threatning if it be not granted are too far transported with Passion What can be of greater concernment to Governors then to discern and consider the state of their people as it is indeed And why may it not be minded by Subjects and spoken of without any hint or thought of Rebellion If Subjects use Arguments of Equity and Safety to Princes it doth not presently speak a Demand And it is no Threatning to say That Rulers themselves must be ruled by Reason or do worse The truth is should they whose Case is here argued upon this score meditate Rebellion and Warr they were abandoned of their own Reason and would hurry themselves into a precipice of manifest Ruin To rush into ways
Charity which is a vital part of Christian Religion We shall think our selves very unfortunate and even suspect that We are defective in that Administration of Government with which God hath intrusted Us. After these things the Ministers commissioned for the Review of the Liturgy in their account of that Business thus address themselves to His Majesty Though the Reverend Bishops have not had time to consider of our Additions to the Liturgy and of our Reply We humbly crave that it may be considered before a Determination be made Though we seem to have laboured in vain we shall lay this Work of Reconciliation at Your Majesties feet We must believe that when Your Majesty took our Consent to a Liturgy to be a Foundation that would infer our Concord You meant not that we should have no Concord but by consenting to this Liturgy without any considerable Alterations And when Your Majesty commanded us by Letters Patents to meet about such Alterations as were needful or expedient to give satisfaction to tender Consciences and the restoring and continuing of Peace and Unity We rest assured it was not Your Majesties sense that those tender Consciences should be forced to practice all which they judg unlawful or not so much as a Ceremony should be abated them or that our Treaty was only to convert either party to the Opinion of another and that all our hopes of Liberty and Concord consisted only in disputing the Bishops into Non-conformity or coming in every Ceremony to their mind This is the Church's misery That when any particular Interest grows in Prosperity and Power and can carry all before it Condescention presently ceaseth on that side And so the disagreeing parties in the several vicissitudes of Publick Affairs tread down one another and justifie themselves by the like miscarriages of their Opposites when time was By this means the Church's distempers and breaches are perpetuated and Religion in general suffers much damage and scorn But it would be the glory of that party that stands on the Vantage-ground to give a leading Example of unconstrained Moderation SECT XVII Acquiescence in the Widened Establishment is the Safety of Religion IF it be said That a little yeelding doth but make way for further Incroachments we suppose that Governors know how far to trust and what it is fit to grant if subjects know not what is fit for them to ask Persons allowed in the Publick Service may easily be kept in that dependance on the State which shall prevent the danger of an Anti-Clergy We suppose likewise that a sound Church-Government is not so weak and tottering that the Abatement of some Rigors in things at best but indifferent will hazard its overturning The wiser sort of Dissenters whose Conformity were they gained would most avail are weary of these strifes and consider what is passable in the state of England and might settle this Church They dread the Consequents of Changes the hurrying into other Extreams and the wild excursions of some spirits They would not be left again to the late uncertainty and continual Vacillations in Government and they have long since seen the manifold Errors committed in the Policy of the late times They know that such unfixed Liberty would not secure them And therefore it may well be thought they would accept reasonable terms and rest satisfied therein But this Consideration is taken by the wrong Handle if this sober and steddy part of the Non-conformists be slighted and judged the less considerable because they are cast into one condition as to the Law with others that are of more unmanageable and unstable Principles For who can tell how time may work out things and frame the Spirits of the unsober to a greater soberness and dispose them to a better consistency among themselves But howsoever can it make for the Publick Weal That the more discreet and moderate sort that might easily be brought in should be inforced to continue the chief reputation and strength of a divided Party SECT XVIII Of Toleration and Connivence LET Impartial Reason judg Whether a swaying or at least a momentous part of those that close not with the present state Ecclesiastical may not be incompassed in an Establishment of such a latitude as may happily settle this Church and consequently promote the Peace Wealth and Honour of the Civil State As for others that are of sound Belief and good Life yet have taken in some Principles of Church-Government less congruous to National Settlement I would never be a means of exposing them to Oppression Contempt and Hatred but would admit their Plea as far as it will go For if God hath received them why should their fellow-servants reject or afflict them causlesly Every true Christian should be tender of all that love the Lord Jesus in sincerity Nevertheless their Liberty pleaded for is not to be inordinate but measured and limited by the safety of true Religion in general and of the publick Established Order which is not unpracticable For the world wants not an Experiment of the safety of a Toleration or Indulgence so regulated SECT XIX Dissenters of Narrow and Rigid Principles advised to Moderation AS Authority may be too prone to err in the Severity of Imposing so Subjects may be too wilful in refusing to obey As an explicit Assent and Approbation may by Superiors be too rigidly exacted in doubtful things so the unreasonable stiffness and harshness of Inferiors may keep them from that compliance in practice which their Conscience becalm'd from Passion and Prejudice would not gainsay A servile fawning temporizing Spirit is vile enough but that which is sedate castigate and subdued to Reason is not only pleasing to Governours but also of great avail for Publick Peace Every Christian should be deeply sensible of the common Interest of Reformed Christianity which is incomparably more valuable then those private Opinions and little narrow Models which may have much of his fancy and affection Well-minded persons may easily be deceived touching their private Sentiments in Religion They may think they are under the uncontrolable Sway of Conscience when indeed they are but bound up by Custom Education Complexion or some other kind of Prejudice For ones own sake one would gladly be rid of such Confinements and walk more at liberty But much more should one strive to be as comprehensive as may be for the common safety and advancement of true Religion which cannot stand by such uncertainty and multiplicity of petty forms but requires an ample and well-setled state to defend and propagate it against the amplitude and potency of the Romish Interest The prudent and sober should not easily settle upon such Opinions in Church-Order as will never settle the Nation but tend rather to infinite perplexity and discomposure Howsoever I will not bear too hard upon any thing that may fairly pretend to Conscience which though erroneous should not be harshly dealt with Nevertheless if when all is said some dissatisfaction doth
preaching only the indubitable truths of Christianity would undermine it If any should preach what is Schismatical and Seditious they are liable to Restraints and Censures according to their demerits Why will the established Clergy refuse their Brethren and set them at such a distance Is it their honour strength or safety that such men should be numbred among their opposites The intrinsick and permanent State of Prelacy is not advanced by these present Rigors It is not more rooted in the hearts of people nor are many gained over that would stick close to it in a time of tryal The dread that is of its Censures ariseth from the subsequent temporal Penalties And however it be its Chariot drives but heavily It cannot measure its strength by the number of Conformists among whom there are many that are a reproach unto it and many that are very indifferent men and there are the Latitudinarians that are accounted but luke-warm Conformists and many that submit may not like the imposing and men may think divers Injunctions that are not simply unlawful to be burdensome and inconvenient and would be glad to shake off the yoke A great Prelate before the late Warrs is reported to say That the Conforming Puritan was the Devil of the Times And of those that zealously affect the established Order there are not a few that disgust the behaviour of Church-men and are ready to upbraid them with the known moderation of many whom they have ejected yea the more considerate Sons of the Church do observe and bewail such dangerous miscarriages by Simony Pluralities Non-residency and Profaneness as threaten a second downfall The world takes notice what men are cast out and what is the condition of multitudes that are retained in the Service of the Church There are a sort of men of great Worth and Reputation in the several Orders of this Kingdom that indeed affect Episcopacy but see the inconvenience and danger of this Severity and would have things carried with Discretion and Equity and are ready to do good offices for the depressed Party If the Affairs of the Commonwealth should go backwards can the Clergy alone be at rest in their Honour Power and Wealth Though of later times it hath been said No Bishop no King yet it is not evident That the present frame of Prelacy hath an immutable Interest in the Regal Name and Power The Religion of any State will sink if it be not held up in its venerable Estimation among the people and it cannot be long held in reverence if it hath neither the reality nor appearance of Devotion and Sanctity That which is divested of the Disguises and Impostures of Romish Superstition had need to be spirited with Life and Power Minds touch'd with Devotion will look either to the way of true and real Godliness or to the Popish Bodily Exercise It is here sincerely wish't That the Clergy may hold their state in safety and honour That they may never be laid low for want of meet Revenue or Dignity That they may always preserve a reverend esteem of their Persons and Office But then the Bishops must not be the Head of such Ministers as for ignorance and lewdness are a scandal and scorn to their Neighbours nor of such as incourage profaneness and deprave seriousness and diligence in Religion and strictness of life under the scandal of Puritanism Fanaticism or such like names of reproach They must so manage their Government that under it the sound knowledg of God may encrease through the Land that holiness and righteousness may flourish that their influence may dispose men to do those things that are honest and pure and comely and vertuous and praise-worthy To this may be added the setling of the Church in a due extent that it may incompass so much as may enable it to vanquish whatsoever is inconsistent with it and to keep within compass whatsoever may be tollerated under it The great danger and damage which may be dreaded to ensue this moderation which nevertheless may possibly not ensue it is but the cutting off some Luxuriances from some in the Highest Order or the sharing among many what was ingrossed by a few And the Church doth not change for the worse if some diminution of greatness in a very few persons makes way for a more general amplitude stability and peace and the Clergy enjoy an Estate of Power Plenty and Honour with less envy and hazard of undermining SECT XXII Thirdly To the Interest of the Nobility and Gentry THere is another Interest that of the Nobility and Gentry which is worthy of regard in this Inquiry The Latitude and Liberty here discoursed is thought to give too great advantage to the Citizens and the Commonalty as also to make all sorts more knowing and less servile and consequently less obsequious to the wills of great men And the doubt is whether the Nobles and Gentlemen of England can maintain their Authority and Splendor with the Freedom of Citizens and the common people Surely in the times of their Ancestors they were in as much splendor and power as they have been in the memory of this Age and yet in those times both Citizens and Yeomanry were rich and free brave and worthy in their own rank And it may be the higher Degrees in England would never be so advanced as some have conceited if the meaner sort were reduced to the condition of the French Peasantry For there is another Spirit in the English People which peradventure may not be vanquished at less charges then dissipation of the strength and riches and all the glory of this Land Besides Trade which is the Life of England must be managed by a people not of a slavish and sordid condition And in a Trading Nation things do so pass to and fro and run from one hand to another that New Men by their Wealth will be always getting up into the rank of Gentlemen and former Gentile Families will be decaying There is a Liberty for every Native to purchase Lands and though some of our Tenures began in the Vassalage of meaner men to great ones yet they are now by custom of later Ages become so far free that they are fit for any ingenuous persons to take them up Moreover the English Gentry are Commons according to the main frame of this Polity and that great Convention where they meet in their chiefest Power is the Commons House of Parliament in which they represent the universality of the Commons of all Counties and Cities and Burroughs And therefore the free Estate of the Commons is the true Interest of Gentlemen And how groundless and fruitless is all evil emulation between the Gentry and Citizens or Traders For they mutually uphold each other or both must fall to the ground Many Gentile Families are the Off-spring of former Citizens and many Citizens are the sons of Gentlemen And when the Estates of ancient Gentry are sinking their Marriage with Citizens is an ordinary means of underpropping them And if Traders fail the Revenue of the Gentry must fail also whose Lands did never bear that Price nor yeeld that Annual Rent that of late they have done till the Nation became great in Foreign Trade If emulation of Gallantry be any matter of grudg between them the Citizens may leave the Gentry to their own Garbs and retain a grave habit to themselves in which they may sufficiently express their Wealth as their Predecessors did before them For it is generous so to do And as for the Nobility and Gentry their Honour lyes in upholding their Families and bearing sway in their Countries and they do the one by discreet and liberal Frugality and the other by having and using greater Abilities then the vulgar for their Countries Service SECT XXIII The general Security that comes by this Latitude THE chief Prejudices have been considered and these three Important Interests being known aright are found not to oppose but to require this Latitude of Religion Furthermore our common Security and Freedom earnestly perswades it For the Severities of Law against Dissenters may at length come home to them or theirs who take themselves to be far out of the reach thereof And the inforcing of those Penalties may need such ways and means as may trouble them who are tender of the Lawful Rights and Liberties of English-men But the Common Peace being once firmly setled in this Comprehensive state all Necessity of Powers and Proceedings extraordinary will disappear and vanish away Finally The more Pacifick we are at home the more Powerful and Formidable shall we be abroad But our Breaches are too well known and make little for our Reputation or Advantage in Foreign parts What can it avail to disturb a People that would settle in peace and whose Peace is accommodated to the Publick Weal and bound up together with it It must needs be fruitless and unfortunate and cause perplexities and miscarriages in the chiefest Affairs of State It is a saying of the wisest of Kings He that troubles his own House shall inherit the wind FINIS * In the Reign of Edward the sixth a formidab'e Rebellion was raised for recovery of the Mass. * Dr. Parry confessed that having promised at Rome to kill the Queen he was troubled in Conscience about it till he had read Dr. Allen's Book which taught That Princes excommunicate for Heresie were to be deprived of Kingdom and Life which Book he said did vehemently excite him to prosecute his Enterprise