dispose of and order things there he will by this meanes both free the Pope from this suspition and shall withall effect his own desires seeing that it is evident that the Pope by his Indulgencies and Croysados brings him in more mony then those Dignities which he bestowes upon Cardinals Archbishops Bishops and other Ecclesiastical Persons do yearly stand him in so that he will be a gainer in that wherein he is affraid most of being a loser And this he would quickly confesse if he would but cause it to be publickly preached and proclaimed abroad that the end of the World is at hand and that the time is now come when there is to be one Sheepfold under One Shepheard that is the Pope and that Himself is another Cyrus whose Office it is to see these things brought about and to gather all the Flock into that One Sheepfold and that what Nation or Kingdom soever shall refuse to yield Him obedience shall be brought to destruction and many other things which I had rather deliver by speech then writing There are many Causes to be laid open whereby the King of Spain as well in reference to Prudence Power and lastly Prophesy may be rendered Admired by all the World For whether all these things do joyntly incline there necessarily must the Empire follow And seeing that this height of Dignity is to be atained unto under the Fortune and Interest of the Empire of Italy which is now called the German Empire there is a necessity that the King of Spain should labour by all possible meanes to reduce that Empire under his power And the better to effect this he must deal with the Pope that he would denounce the most direful Curses that may be against the Three Protestant Electors of the Empire threatning them withall that unlesse they return to the Church of Rome He will deprive them of their Electoral Dignity which they received from the Pope onely and that feeing they now affirm that the Pope is Antichrist they shall be convinced out of their own words and made to see that themselves are Antichristians and that therefore they ought of themselves to lay down that Dignity of theirs unlesse they will recant and again admit of the Catholick Beliefe And to this end the French Italians and Spaniards being first all reconciled and made friends by the Pope are to joyn their whole Forces together and to go against them which certainly would much promote this businesse and having overcome them they must utterly extirpate all the Sects that have raigned among them and send in new Colonies into their places And this expedition is so easy a one that Charles the Fifth himself might have been able to have effected it alone But whereas the Free Cities of Germany do in no wise desire to hear of any such Empire or Vniversal Monarchy lest so They should be reduced into their ancient servitude again and also because they are very slow in their Deliberations and as slow also in the Execution of them it would therefore very much advance this design if the rest of the Princes of Christendom joyning their Forces together would suddenly fall upon them Which businesse when it should be over the most Potent or most Forward of those Princes should be chosen Electors of the Empire by the Apostolical Authority of the Pope whether they were Germans Italians or Spaniards or else they might be chosen by Lot when the most potent of the Christian Princes should meet together in a Solemne Convention And although the Universal Empire of Christendom might easily by these meanes be translated to Spain yet it would be sufficient to do the businesse if but any one King of Spain would so order the matter that Himself might be but chosen Emperour who should then immediately march into Germany with a good Army and should instantly subdue it while it is at so great discord and variance within it self both in point of Religion and of State And this Expedition he ought speedily to go upon and that under a Pretext of marching for Hungary These things I say that all People might take notice how much it concerns the Interest of the King of Spain that he endeavour the attaining to the Empire of the World by the means of the Pope And indeed his being Dignified with the Title of the Catholick or Vniversal King shewes plainly that this is the will of the Holy spirit speaking by the Clergy CHAP. VI How the Clergy are to be dealt withal BUt it is not sufficient that we have the Clergy on our side but we are further to labour that at length we may get a Spaniard to be elected Pope or rather one of the house of Austria seeing it is evident that whensoever the Pope pronounceth his Oracle for this House He doth thereby raise it withall and on the contrary He casts a cloud upon it and keeps it under whensoever He declares against it Which the Kings of France observing they have endeavoured with all their might that the Pope should remove his Seat and go and live in France And so we know that when the Oracle at Delphos began once to speak on Philips side King of Macedon He presently what by his Politick Stratagems and what by Pretense of Religion arrived to the Monarchy of all Greece In the Determinations also concerning Differences in Religion it behoves the King of Spain to be the most Active of any in the managing of the same and indeed to take a greater care and to be more Vigilant herein then the Pope himself Whence we see that Philip King of France did alwaies in a manner as it were command Pope John the XXII as being himself more Zealous then the Pope was in defending and propagating that decree of the Church namely That the Saints in Heaven do see the Essence of God even before the last day of Judgment There must also alwaies some Novelty or other tending to Christian Religion be set on Foot such as are the Canonizations of Saints the changing of the Names of Holy Dayes of Moneths other the like things by transferring them to Christian Worship by which means He shall keep busy the heads of the Prelats as much as he can and so shall thereby the more confirm his own Authority among them He ought besides to oblige the Chief of the Clergy to himself by the most commodious Arts that he can as namely by sending into the Low-Countries and the like suspected places Cardinals and Bishops to be Governours there for the People would much more readily and chearfully obey the commands of such then they will the severity of the Spaniard and such Prelates would also adhere more to Them Neverthelesse in the mean time they ought to have as subordinate to them some Military Commanders with Forces too And besides He ought by the Popes consent too to send abroad such Cardinals as are either Spaniards born or at least of the Spanish Faction
true yet the Course that the Turk takes is so blunt and plain that if he should have but one overthrow so that it were a lusty one indeed it would prove his utter Ruin as I have hinted before since that He hath no Vice-Roys or Barons by whom he might be recruited and made whole again But we cannot say so of the King of Spain who in such a case would presently be furnished with Aides from the Pope and the Princes of Italy and that by reason of their Union in point of Religion I say moreover that He cannot suffer any Notable Overthrow unlesse it be by some very Potent Prince such a One as the great Turk is who yet lying so very far remote from him as Alexander the Great of old did from the Romans cannot so quickly ruin him whereas on the Contrary any Peaceable Agreement of the Christians among themselves if so be it were but Firm and Lasting would utterly confound the Turk And therefore I say that although King Philips Kingdomes lye scattered far and near yet his enemies also lye far asunder one from another and therefore it is clear that his Emulators the Italians Tuscans and Venetians will never enter into a Combination against him unlesse he First give them some evident cause and wrong them very much Neither indeed will the Pope ever suffer any acts of Hostility to be done against His Catholick Majesty and besides it is also most certain that the Catholick Princes both out of fear of the Hereticks and also of the Authority of the Pope will never attempt any such thing And the Hereticks are at very great Variance also amongst themselves and for this reason Germany being divided into severall small Republicks cannot do him any harm at all and it is besides part of it made subject to the House of Austria and the Archdukes thereof by the Emperours and part also to certain Archbishops who are withall secular Princes as namely the Archbishops of Mentz of Colen Trevers Salsburg Strasburg and Bamberg and part also to the Dukes of Bavaria so that the Protestants can by no meanes make any Insurrection against the King of Spain The Lower Germany also is divided into more Common-Wealths then the other all which bear Armes against the King of Spain though it be only to defend themselves and not to offend Him And of this number are the Provinces of Holland Frisland and Zealand Besides the Upper and the Lower Germanies differ very much in their Religion which we may also say of the Danes Norwegians Transylvanians Gotlanders Polonians French Switzers and Grisons so that the King hath no need at all to fear that these should ever all joyn together against him and besides the King retains a great part of these Nations in pay and by that means keeps them his friends and then the King of Poland and the Prince of Transylvania are allied to him by Marriage and so are in league and amity with him So that He hath no body to stand in fear of but only the King of France and the King of England which two Princes by reason of their being of different Religions can never agree together Now although the King of Spain cannot as yet subdue the King of France yet it makes very much for His Interest that the King of France being absolved by the Pope is returned again to the Obedience of the Church For otherwise he would have been the Head of all the Transalpine Hereticks and would have marcht with an Army of them over into Italy to the great Prejudice both of the Pope and of our King which None of the Hereticks hath to this day adventured to do merely for want of a Powerful General to head them Then besides there is a Division broken out in France betwixt the Catholicks and the Hereticks and which is the chiefest thing of all there are in that Kingdome many Potent Bishops who would not by any means see Spain ruined And lastly our Kings Subjects do not come into the field with Lances Swords and Horses as the French use to do but they come into it armed with Guns which are a kind of Arms that are fitter for the defending of strong Holds and Fortifications then for the setting upon an Enemy in an open Field And hence it is that the French are able indeed to resist all the Spaniards Attempts but they cannot overcome them for in this case the very Princes and States of Italy who have to this day alwaies held with the French would go over to the Spaniard for it is their Design to keep the Ballance alwaies so even betwixt these two Nations as that neither of them may preponderate and bear down the Scales and so make a Prey of the Other which Hiero King of Syracuse heretofore laboured to do betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians although he failed of his purpose Besides the King of France cannot march with an Army into Spain by reason of the Fortified Places and Castles that lye in his way and are kept by the Spaniards who are very well skilled in defending such Places Neither can he so soon march out with an Army against Millan or Naples but that the King of Spain can be much sooner in France with an Army and shall so force him to return back again and defend his own Kingdom Neither did the King of France ever passe over into Italy unlesse when he was assisted by the Pope as the Expedition of Charles of Anjou testifies or except he were called in by some Prince or State of Italy as Charles the Eighth was called in by the Duke of Millan which yet at this time can hardly be done again For the Italians were now afraid that they would bring in a New Religion with them And besides it is a usual thing that that Prince that first calls Forraigners in to his aide shall be first ruined by them for he must necessarily entertain them and allow them Quarters who after they have overcome the adverse Party will joyn with them and so drive out Him who called them first in Examples of this we have in the Sforza's Castruccio's and the Florentines with many others and also in the Pope himself although his own Papal Authority restored him again And therefore the Spaniard hath no need to fear the King of France much And as for the English he hath much lesse reason to stand in fear of them seeing they are shut up within an Island and we seldome see Islanders get any sure footing and make themselves Masters of any part of a Forraign Continent And therefore it is sufficient for them if they can keep their own only they send out their Ships to fetch in Prizes by Sea but for this Mischief I shall hereafter set down a Remedy Only let the King of Spain take care that the English joyn not their Navy with the Hollanders Scots Danes Norwegians and Danzickers for if they should they might then be able to overrun all
Spain as the Alans Goths and Vandals did of old And yet seeing that these Nations differ all in Religion and the King of Spain doth craftily under hand sow new seeds of Dissention amongst them there is no great cause to fear that they should joyn their forces together upon any design Let us now see what Spain is able to do within it self and by what means it may become Greater and enlarge its Territories laying down this for a Ground That for the rendring of any Dominion whatsoever Firm and Durable it is necessarily required that there be first a Natural Sociablenesse and an apt Correspondence among the subjects themselves and then betwixt the Prince and the subjects as there is in Mans body betwixt the Members themselves and also betwixt them and the Head Now this Natural Sociablenesse is founded first in the Man and Wife then in the Father of the Family and his Children with the rest of his Family and then again in several Families being linked and united together then in those also who are allied together by the Bond of Consanguinity or Affinity and likewise those that live in one Common Aire and Climate enjoying the same Temper of the Heavens as also those that agree in their Lawes Manners Customes and studies whereto also we may add their using one Common Language and wearing all one the same Habit in Apparel Neither do I account their Identity of Species or of Humanity to be any small Bond of this Natural sociablenesse namely because they are All Men and wheresoever Many of these Bonds Ties meet together there also must necessarily be a Firmer and more Durable Association made up and a more lasting Dominion setled Hence it is that the Italians and the Spaniards do so readily jump and agree together both because they understand each the others Language and are also like each other in their Manners Bodies and their Rites and Customes which can never be amongst the French because they differ among themselves not only in their Language and Manners but are also of a different Natural Constitution and temper So the Spaniards would much more easily be brought to enter into a league of Society and Friendship with the Africans then with the Netherlanders who are of a much more different Constitution from them For the Spaniards are Naturally Hot and Dry and are therefore Lean and of a Low Stature being withal Sharp-witted Subtle and Talkative But on the Contrary the Netherlanders are Cold Corpulent and Big-boned and are Heavy and Dull and of few words Whosoever therefore is to Rule Several and Different Nations and would keep them all within the bounds of Obedience let him endeavour to reduce them into a conformity as far as he is able and to make them in all things like to each other And this Uniting of Men to one another God himself the Author of all Polity had pointed out unto Men. Now there are Three sorts of this Union we here speak of the First is of Minds which is caused by Religion which is indeed the strongest of all Unions for it uniteth together in Opinion Nations that are at the greatest distance that may be from each other Upon this have both Mens Wills and Actions their Dependancy and in This are both their Tongues Arms united By this the Pope ruleth over Europe Asia Africk and America and in a word over all the Christians in the whole World Whereas on the contrary the Emperour of Germany is scarse able to Rule Germany alone although the People there are otherwise as like and as much agreeing among themselves as may be both in their shape of Body Habit Arms Rites and Customes and all because It wants this first Vnion namely of Religion For there are so many several different Opinions in Religion among the Germans that it may be truly said of them Quot homines tot Sententiae so many Men so many Minds And for this reason the English and Helvetians suffer but two sorts only of Religion in their Countries for that common saying Divide impera that is Divide thy subjects and thou shalt rule them is of no use here but rather on the contrary Divide perdes that is If thou devide thy subjects thou shalt ruin thy self Catharine de Medicis Queen of France that she might contrary to the Salique Law sit at the Helme and have the Government of the Kingdome in her hands complied sometimes with the Catholicks and sometimes with the Huguenots but by this means she brought destruction both upon her self and upon her Sons one of which was Slain by a Dominican Fryer And therefere in this Particular the King of Spain is more happy then any other besides because that his Kingdomes though they lye at a great distance from one another are yet all joyned together and united in one Religion and in this very respect also he stands upon better terms then the Great Turk himself or any other Prince whatsoever because as we have shewed before He converts those that are under his subjection and makes them to be all of one and the same Faith The second is the Vnion of Bodies and in this the Turk goes beyond all other Princes for He hath under his subjection and in perfect Obedience both Mahumetans Christians and Jewes which are all as much differing one from another in their Religions as can be neither doth this their diversity of Religion prejudice him at all because that he brings up their Sons to serve him in his Wars and besides He leaves all such of his Subjects as are not of his Religion without either Armes or any meanes possible of doing him any harm But indeed in case He should intrust any of these with the Government of any part of his Empire and should exercise not a Despotical but a Political Soveraingty over them He would quickly be brought into Sad Straites by them as we see it for example in many of our German Princes at this day or at least all meanes of enlarging his Empire would quite be cut off from him as we see the case now stands with the Emperour and with the King of Poland If haply among the Turks Vassals there should chance to start up some Gallant-Spirited Person he might possibly prove to be the Ruin of his Empire as Scanderbeg had like to have been had he had but the Christians as ready to assist him as the Genueses were to do him a mischief who both to their own and also to the great Losse of Hunniades K. of Hungary were hired for so many Crownes to passe over forty Thousand Mahumetans out of Asia into Europe by which meanes Amurath that was before in a manner utterly broken and had well near lost all was now so well relieved and recruited again as that by these forces He afterwards made himself Master of half Europe I shall not here speake of Moses who was raised up against God by Pharaoh according to which example
Circumstances you shall not find to meet in any one Country besides for some lye either very far off as the Turks and English do or else are heartlesse and unapt for War as are the Italians or else are divided among themselves as the Germans are All these things I say being considered it will be needful that I should here give a more exact and punctual account of the French then ordinary wherein also I shall discover what and how great Errours we have of late years committed in reference to them that so for the future we may be the more wary as to this Particular The French Nation being descended from Japhet by Gomer by their strength and the force of their Armes and having also their Religion and the Fates Propitious to them have had very great Successes in that under the Conduct of Charles the Great and King Pepin they arrived to so great a Monarchy as they then had And certainly all the other Princes of Christendom had at that time an eye upon the Kingdom of France and if the French had but crusht the Impiety of the Mahumetans when it was yet but in the Bud they might easily have compassed the Monarchy of the whole World and that so much the rather by reason that their Rivals the Spaniards were divided into Many several Kingdomes and were besides held in Play with the Moors who had invaded their Country so that at that time they were not at leasure to interrupt the French or to take them off from their Designes as the French at this day hinder Them in theirs But for as much as the French have not the skill of carrying a Moderate Hand in Government over such Forraigners as are under their Subjection but are too Impatient and Indiscreet they could never yet attain to so great a height of Power For they are apt to arrogate too much to themselves shewing no gravity at all they permit their Subjects to do what they please and so sometimes they use them too cruelly and sometimes again too gently having no regard at all to their own defects and weaknesses And hence it hath come to passe that though they have gotten many things abroad yet they have not been able to keep any of them For in One evening they lost all Sicily and almost in as short a time the Kingdom of Naples too together with the Duchy of Millan and for no other reason but only because that they knew not how through want of Prudence in Governing to oblige their Subjects to them by the Love of the Publick Good nor yet took any care to draw in others to put themselves under their Protection For when the people once perceaved that there would be very litle or no difference to them in respect of their Liberty whether they served the French or the Spaniards they would not vouchsafe so much as to draw a Sword in their behalf And for the very same reason did the King of France and the Duke of Millan several times lose their Dominion over the Genois We may add hereto in reference to the French the Discord that was betwixt the Sons of Charles the Great because that one of them would be King of Italy another of Germany and a third of France and likewise the weaknesse of the French Nobility who would needs all be free Princes and live of themselves without any Head such as are the Duke of Burgundy the Earl of Flanders the Duke of Bretaigne of the Delphinate of Savoy the Count Palatine of the Rhine with diverse others each of which would needs be an Absolute Prince of himself So that as well for these Reasons and because of their being dlvided in their Religion and also as well by Fate as by God himself and besides by not laying hold upon Occasion when it was offered they seem to be excluded from ever attaining to the Universal Monarchy of the whole World And therefore the Majesty of the Universal Dominion over all seemes rather to incline toward the Spaniards both because Fate it self seemes to have destined the same unto Them as also because it seemes in some sort to be their Due by reason of their Patience and Discretion But because that the very Situation of the Country the manner of their Armes in War and the natural Enmity that there is betwixt the French and the Spaniards seem to require that France should be continually in War with Spain and should be still interrupting their Glorious Proceedings like as also when it was in a flourishing state under Charles the Fifth it was hindred by Francis King of France and as it may also at this day be troubled by the Hereticks of France and their King Henry the Fourth who is a Valiant and Warlick Person these things I say being considered it nearly concerns the King of Spain seriously to consider the state of his own Affaires and withal to weigh the Power of France and to be sure when any fit Opportunity is offered to fall upon them with all his might to set upon them on that part where they are Weakest that so that other part where they are more powerful may sink of it self Seeing therefore that they are weak not in Armes but in Wisdom and Brain He ought to manage his War against them accordingly And therefore first of all he must be sure to lay hold on Fortune and Opportunity whensoever they offer themselves as evidently appeares by the example of that good Fortune that delivered the aforenamed King Francis and Germany into the hands and power of Charles the Fifth by which means had he pursued that Opportunity he might have crushed all the Princes that were his Competitors for he ought immediately to have bent his whole strength against France and by the assistance of the Germans to have repressed and curbed the Insolency of the French I say by the assistance of the Germans for they as being the more Fierce Nation of the two have alwaies been as an Antidote against the Fiercenesse of the French And hence it is that the Franconians Normans Swedes Gotlanders Danes and other Northern Forraign Nations have alwaies in a manner been to hard for the French that lye not so Northerly as they And therefore as I said Charles the Fifth ought immediately with an Army of Germans to have set upon France And after that he should have put Guards of Spaniards into all their Castles and strong Holds and should have placed Italians in all their Courts of Judicature and have appointed them to regulate their Lawes and then should either have brought France wholly under his own Power and Obedience or else should have put it into the hands of some Petty Princes to be governed by them and so should presently have declared Himself Head of the Christian World But he instead of doing thus had recourse to that Vain uselesse course of securing himself by marriage chusing rather to winne over to him his Rivall Neighbour by Fair
be found either in England or Scotland also These and the like Preparations may be made before hand that so soon as ever Queen Elizabeth is dead they may be immediately put into Execution For there is no man but knowes what horrid Civil Wars and what strange Alterations and Turns have happened several times in England So that what I have here proposed ought not to appear to any man as things either New or Impossible CHAP. XXVI Of Poland Muscovia and Transylvania THe Kingdom of Poland is in Our time the most Potent of all the Northern Kingdomes insomuch that if it were not so divided in it self about Points of Religion as it is and were withal an Hereditary Kingdome and had a Prince that were a Native and were not Elected out of some Forraign Nation as their custome is it would prove a sufficient Terrour to the Great Turk especially if the Great Duke of Muscovia were but joyned with them But the Nobility of that Nation in whose Power the Election of the King is are very much afraid of the King's Power and for that reason They keep as hard a hand over Him as possibly they can The King of Spain therefore must endeavour as much as lies in Him that no King be elected there but such a one as is of the Catholick Religion which course hath hitherto been observed amongst them For should they chuse themselves a King that were of any other Religion He would then very easily be induced to countenance by his Authority the Northern Hereticks who do all agree in these two Points although they differ among themselves almost in all the rest namely that the Pope is Autichrist and that the Arch-Dukes of Austria are all of them such as fight for Antichrist And therefore upon any the least Occasion that could be they would be apt to joyn their forces together against both the Pope and the Emperour their Neighbour had they but any Powerful Prince to head them and to be their General which Charge none is so able to undertake and go through with as the King of Poland is For the King of Denmark is but a weak Prince and the King of Sweden lies too far off and besides is severed from Germany by the Sea The King of Spain must then in the next place by all meanes endeavour that one of the House of Austria may be advanced to the Crown of Poland or at least such a one as is some way or other allied to the House of Austria as the now King of Poland is And lastly he must be such a one as shall alwaies make head against the Turk and that should enter into an Association with the Muscovites who together should to their utmost endeavour as much as in them lies the utter Ruine and Extirpation of the Turks He must also make choyce of some of the Wisest and most Eminent persons of his Kingdom whom He shall send as Embassadours to Cracovia and who by their presence may adde Authority and Weight to the Spanish Union in the Esteem of the Electors of Poland and that may obtain of them that in case the King of Spain should have more Sons then one that then They would Elect one of the Younger of them to be their King for certainly were any of the King of Spain's Sons chosen King of Poland He would never be so simple and foolish as to take upon him to govern the Kingdome of Poland according to his Own Will and pleasure as the King of France's Son endeavoured to do Besides He must deal with the People of Scandia and the Dantzickers by the means of the King of Poland who now is King of Swethland also that they would joyn together and send out a Fleet against the English as hath been said before For by taking this course the Kings expense will not be half so great as his Gains will be He must also labour that the Prince of Transylvania may in like manner enter into a league with the Polanders or else that either He or the great Duke of Muscovia may be chosen King of Poland For seeing that these two Nations are not only Neighbours to the Turks but do also naturally hate them they might easily be able to stop his proceedings And I am verily perswaded that among all the Northern Nations there is not any so fit and able to oppose the Turk as is the Muscovite who would but the Tartarians and the Polanders joyn with him might be able to make Incursions into the Turks Dominions and march up even to the very Walls of Constantinople Neither indeed hath Macedonia or Moldavia or Bulgaria or Thrace ever suffered so much losse by any Nation as by the Muscovites And if there were an Association contracted betwixt the King of Spain and the Muscovite either by Marriage or else by the nearer Tie of Religion brought about there by the Industry of the Jesuites it must needs prove a very advantageous businesse to Him because that Spanish Gold is among these Northern Nations of greater Estimation and Account then any thing else in the world And then must the King of Spain be very careful that as soon as ever he finds he hath wrought up the affections of these people to a Willingnesse to do him any service He set them upon some Notable Expedition or other while they are now ready for it and before they begin to cool again and repent themselves of their forwardnesse For Delay hath alwaies been the Ruine of the King of Spain's Affaires by reason that his Confederates through his slownesse in putting them in execution have alwaies had time enough to smell out the subtilty of His Designs and by this means it comes to passe that he commonly loses his labour and is at charge to no purpose The Bohemians also might be hired by the King of Spain's and the Popes Mony to joyn with the Transylvanians against the Turks because that They are in league with the House of Austria Yet when all is done there cannot be any considerable matter done in this Particular without the Assistance of the Polanders also and the Muscovites and unlesse the Emperour himself also be a Man of a stout and Warlike spirit as we shewed before when we spake of Germany and use his utmost endeavour to stop all growing Mischiess in their very Beginings least by Delay they get head and grow so much the stronger and Intractable CHAP. XXVII Of Flanders and the Lower Germany IT is not without good cause that the King of Spain endeavours by all possible meanes that he can to recover the Low-Countries again about the keeping of that only part whereof which he still possesseth it hath cost him more Humane Blood then there is Water in it and about which He hath spent more Gold then there are stones in it And yet neither is this a matter so much to be wondred at seeing that could He but once make himself Master of those Countries again He
them believe that he was fled from his Father and being both believed by them and also chosen to be their General he first cut off the chief men of the Common-Wealth and afterwards betrayed the said Gabii to his Father For the bringing about of the like Designe whereof the King of Spain hath need of a man that is most faithful as well as Valiant and Wise and not such a one as was that Persidious fellow Antonio Perez 19. Seing that the Cities of the Netherlands were in former times and before the Wars the greatest Mart Towns in all Europe and that for no other reason but only because that the Customes of all such Commodities as were either imported thither or exported into other parts which were both infinite in number and of all sorts were but small it will therefore concern the King whiles He endeavours to reconcile these People to Himself to take this into his consideration and to recall again that Ancient Custome and in a word to restore to the Netherlands its former Happinesse and to endeavour the Continuation of the same For although these Countries have no Gold Mines of their own yet while all things were quiet with them and no noyse of war heard amongst them what by their various and inestimable Pieces of Workmanship and their admirable skill in Manufactures and other Arts they had got together so much Gold as that they needed not at all to envy either the Hungarian or the Transsylvanian Mines Neither was there any Country more Glorious rich or more frequented by Forreigners I will not say in all Europe onely but in the whole World then this was in so much that in regard of that vast immense Treasure that Charles the V. received from thence it was for just cause called by some The Emperours Indies It much concerns the Interest therefore of the King of Spain that He reconcile these People to Himself and that things may be restored to their former State and condition which is a thing that is wont to be very easily brought about And to the effecting hereof He ought not to spare either for Cost Pains Counsel or Industry 20. A Careful Administration of Justice together with Peace and Plenty of all things will contribute much to the bringing of these things about as also the Maintaining and keeping up of Religion Learning and Vertue For seeing that those that are of Religious Orders and other Learned men and Persons of Worth are the men that are as it were the Heads among the rest of the People whosoever hath These of his side he may easily draw all the rest over to him also For those of Religious Orders bear rule over the Consciences of the People as the Learned do over their Wits and those of Eminency and Worth over their Purses and Military strength Those former are looked upon for their Piety and Religion the Other for their Learning and VVisedome Those through Reverence These through the Esteem the World hath of their Parts And hence it is that what soever Those men either do or say it passes for Oracular and is thought worthy to be imbraced and followed by All men 21. The fame also of a Princes being addicted to Mercy and Clemency and constantly persevering in the same will stand him in very good stead if so be that it may be but made known to all men that this Gentlenesse and Connivence in him proceeds meerly from his own good Nature and Inclination but that when he punisheth any it is out of Necessity and his Zeal towards Justice and the love of the publick Peace Thus Nero in the beginning of his Empire by his cunning dissembling his Natural Inclinations and his appearing to be a Merciful Prince wonderfully wonne the hearts and affections of the people of Rome to him which part He acted so cunningly and to the life as that when a certain Sentence of Judgment that had been pronounced by the Judges against an offender was brought to Him to set his hand to it He sighing said O quam vellem literas non didicisse I could wish I had never known a letter 22. The Raies of some extraordinary eminent Vertue shining forth in a Prince would also be of very great advantage to Him for by this meanes he would not only oblige his own Subjects to him but even his Enemies would be won over to love and favour him examples whereof we have in Alexander and Scipio both of which gave testimony to the World of their Singular Continency and Moderation in all things as likewise in Camillus and Fabricius who both gave evidence of the Greatnesse of their Courage the one against the Falisci and the other against King Pyrrhus These sparks of Gallantry appeared also in the Emperour Conrade in his war again Misico and likewise in Charles the Great who besides his diligent Observance of Religion and his endeavours to promote Learning got himself a great deal of Reputation also by his Beneficence and Liberality towards all sorts of men both the highest lowest and of middle ranke and indeed generally to all And certainly there is not a more Lovely strong and commendable Tye whereby to bind the Affections of the People to a man then Liberality and Bountifulnesse 23 But above all things it would be a businesse of very great Efficacy if that such Covenants and Agreements as have been made betwixt the King and them were but kept which yet the Spaniards have neglected to do though to their Cost and the losse of their own lives For nothing doth more offend and alienate the hearts both of Natural as well as conquered subjects then when they see that those Capitulations as they call them and Articles upon which they have submitted themselvs to any Prince are altered and changed by him And we see that this being not observed by the Duke of Alva who was a Covetous and Unjust man and one that looked after nothing but his own Gain was the cause that the Netherlands began to raise such Tumults there and at length openly to rebel against the King Whereas on the contrary Alexander Farnese Duke of Parma for his fidelity in keeping his promises and Agreements which is certainly an Infallible Argument of a Constant Mind and of an Excellent Judgement got himself an exceeding great repute of Gallantry and worth among the Netherlanders And questionlesse He was a most Compleat and throughly-accomplished Souldier and served as General under a most Just King alwaies commanding an Army under Him for the service of the Church and of God sometimes following the example of Fabius and sometimes that of Marcellus 24. Neither would it be a businesse of small moment to bring in the Spanish Tongue into these Countries and to cause it to be spoken there according to the Practise of the Ancient Romans who when they had conquered any Country caused the Nation conquerd to learn the Latine Tongue Thus did the Arabians also after the example of the
and also how by meanes of erecting Seminaries for the instructing of Youth both in learning and the use of Armes the Valour of his Souldiers may be encreased the Neglect of making use of Which Meanes hath been the cause that the Turk hath overstript us in this particular As concerning the businesse of Mony I conceive there is little or no odds on either side But if the King of Spain would but proceed in that Absolute way of Power over his Subjects that the Turk does over his He might easily surpasse him in Riches The King I confesse wants Mony but I have formerly shewed him by what waies He might gather together Mony enough to maintain a war against the Turk Now the Turk useth infinite Celerity and speed in putting what ever designs He hath in execution sparing no cost or charges for the providing of all things necessary for the same so that with the present Mony that he hath in his Treasury He presently raiseth Men and provides them Armes and gets all things immediately in a readinesse in order to the expedition He is upon and when he hath laid out all the Mony that he had in his Treasurie he then presently falls to filling it up again by laying fresh Impositions and Taxes upon his Subjects It is a necessity that is in a manner Peculiar to the Turk of making War upon his Neighbours round about and as it were in a Circle for they are all his enemies But now the condition of the Spaniard is otherwise For betwixt His Kingdome of Naples and his Duchy of Millan there lye the Pope and the Tuscans who are united unto him by the Tie both of Religion and Friendship He lies something remote indeed from the Netherlands and the West Indies which notwithstanding render him worthy the more admiration because that by reason of his Fleets he lies as it were neer unto them and by meanes of the same he may possibly in time make himself Master of those other Parts also which he hath not yet possessed himself of as we shall shew hereafter The King hath also this advantage that although those Countries lye at so great a distance from one another yet by the Tie of Religion they are all joyned to Spain Lastly whereas in Turky the Eldest sons of the Emperours are wont alwaies to make away with their Younger brothers this piece of Cruelty of theirs does but set a Note of Infamy upon them and it may easily so fall out that some One of these Younger Brothers may get away out of his Elder Brothers power and may be able afterwards to make War upon his Brother And we see that this had been like to have come to passe in Gemes the Brother of Bajazet who having gotten out of prison might have been able to have done his Brother very much Mischief and by the Assistance of the Christians might have made his way into Greece had he not by the Arts his Brother Bajazet used and by the treachery also of the Christians been taken off by Poyson And Selim although He did not desire to make Himself Emperour yet He made himself very strong at first only to preserve himself from being put to death but afterwards taking the Opportunity when it was offered him He turned both his Father and Brother out of the Empire and commanded them to be both put to death at which Juncture of Time that Empire might very easily have been utterly subverted and ruined And truly I conceive that the Total destruction of that Empire cannot be brought about any other way then by this one thing namely their most bloody Cruelty that they Practise upon their nearest and dearest Friends and Kindred For seeing that the great Turk takes as many Wives to himself as he pleases and so gets an Infinite number of Sons by them all which are most certainly assured that when ever their Eldest Brother comes to be Emperour They shall be all of them murdered it is very probable that some time or other there may Civil Wars arise in that Empire by which it may either be totally destroyed or at least may be divided into many parts which would give the Turks enemies an Opportunity of falling upon him and so of ruining him Neither need any one wonder that this hath not as yet happened to this very day seeing that this Empire is not of any so very long standing For Ottoman who was the Founder of it died but in the Year of our Lord 1328. in the time of Pope Benedict XI And yet we know that there have already been bloody Wars amongst them which seems to confirm this our Prognostication and makes me the willinger to give credit to Torquatus the Astrologer who foretold that it would come to passe that in the time of the Sixteenth Emperour of Turky that Empire should fall to the ground namely when the Moon which is the Ensign of that Empire shall begin to decrease that is to say when It shall be divided into Two Hornes by two of the Great Turks Sons rising up one against the other and causing the Empire to be divided into Two parts One of which Brothers turning to Christianity shall come over to the Christians Now these Two Hornes signifie Two Kingdomes for Kingdomes are oftentimes denoted by the Ensigns or Armes of the same as we see in the Revelation of St. John where the Kingdomes themselves are from their Insignia called sometimes Dragons sometimes Eagles and sometimes also Lions and the Prophet Jeremy calleth the Kingdome of the Assyrians by the name of a Dove because the Assyrians had the Figure of a Dove for their Ensign or Devise Now in this Particular the Spaniard is much more happy then the Turk because that His Sons do not fall out or hate each other for any such Cause Yea we see at this day that those of the House of Austria partly by reason of this very thing because they are Brothers and Kindred and partly also through fear of the other Christian Princes and of the Hereticks are at so much the greater Concord and Agreement among themselves And you shall scarse find more Brothers or Kindred in any one Princes Family then in that of Austria and yet have not these ever broken the Bond of Consanguinity one with another nor have ever raised any Commotions in their Republick through Ambitious Ends and Respects but have on the contrary preserved each to other their Just Rights Untoucht and have lived together in so Unshaken a Concord and Union as that they seem to be so many Bodies animated all with One Soul and guided all by One Will. We may adde hereto that the Younger Brothers of this House have hopes either of being made Cardinals or else of being Elected Kings of Poland or of some of the other Forreign Elective Kingdoms so that the House of Austria by reason of the Multitude of Sons growes the Greater whereas the Ottoman House does for the same reason decrease
faithful and true unto Him Neither yet is He so free in his gifts to them as that they shall never have need of him more But when He hath once attained to what he laboured for he then becomes more thrifty and looks about him and considers how he may maintain his own State least otherwise He should be forced by the necessity of imposing upon his Subjects Unusual Taxes to gain their ill will and lose their Affections which was Caligula's Case heretofore who after that he had in riotous courses fool'd away all his own Estate was necessitated presently to snatch away other mens Certainly whosoever takes in hand any high and difficult Attempt under the Assistance of a Favourable Fate he must necessarily be Couragious and daring and indeed every Great and Memorable Enterprise requireth a certain Extraordinary Valour and Courage which yet in case the successe should not be answerable would be called Rashnesse As for example it was accounted a Bold undertaking in Columbus to go in search of a New World but plain Rashnesse in Vlisses only because the one escaped safe but the other suffered shipwrack But when a Prince hath effected his desires he must then have an eye to the uncertainty of Fortune and must therefore take heed how he is too bold and daring the observing of which Counsel being neglected by Charles the Fift was the cause of bringing to nothing all that he had atchieved before in Germany for he did not take the same wise Course to preserve what he had gotten as he had done in the getting of it And the case was the same also with the great Julius Caesar And then again in war there is a necessity of using severity that so the Souldiers may all be kept to their several duties and besides those that perform any Signall peices of Service are to be rewarded accordingly which Course unlesse it be taken they will begin to spurn at the Government and break out into seditious wayes as Tiberius his Army did when it was in Germany and will fall to an insolent course of Plundering and robbing and so by these meanes will bring the Victory they had gotten before to nothing as it happened to Conradinus the Swevian and Charles of Anjou Therefore after any Conquest gotten over a Kingdom the Conquerour must modestly use his Victory and endeavour to please the People For otherwise he will alienate their affections from himself and they will be apt upon all occasions to invite in his Enemies to fall upon him as it happened to Rehoboam and Charles of Anjou in Sicily and to the Carthaginians after the First Punick War and to Aecolinus against whom his subjects the Citizens of Padua shut their gates as likewise to Nero who though Prince of it was yet called The Enemy of his Country And although many Crafty Practises are now in use among Princes for the keeping of their Subjects in due obedience yet I dare boldly affirm that they will in the end prove destructive to those Princes For we see that Tiberius that Grand Artifex of Subtleties and Craft was miserably hated by his Subjects and so led a very sad life because he found he was not loved by any body so that he was fain to put some or other every day to death as contemners of his Majesty and so to be ever of a troubled disquieted mind which certainly may better be called a Death then a life Therefore the highest and most advantageous Craft that a Prince can make use of is to shew himself Beneficent Religious and Liberall toward his Subjects yet this in so moderate a way as that by this means he give them not occasion to despise him as happened to Pope Celestine the Fifth But let us now proceed to those things that more Particularly concern Spain As I have before shewed by Divine Reasons that there can be no Universal Monarchy among the Christians expected save that of the Pope and have also declared how he is to be dealt withal so I shall now prove by Reasons of Policy that there can be no Monarch in the Christian World unlesse he have his dependance upon the Pope For certainly what Prince soever hath any other that is superiour to Him though in Religion onely and not in point of Armes as the Pope is he can never attain to an Universal Monarchy For whatsoever He shall take in hand it will be successelesse and he shall be as it were crushed in pieces by the superiour For All Religions as well the False as the True do prevail and are Victorious when they have once taken root in the Minds of men upon which onely depend both their Tongues and Armes which are the onely Instruments of attaining Dominion Thus we see that Julius Caesar when any were created Consuls if the Pontifex Maximus came and sayd They were not created Rightly they were presently by him put by and so whensoever he was to enter into a fight if the Augurs said that The Pullen would not eat their meat he forbare to go on and did onely what he was directed to by their Omen And therefore when the same Caesar had fallen upon a resolution of making himself A Monarch he opposed Cato as much as possibly he could and endeavoured by all possible meanes to be chosen to be the Pontifex Maximus Which when he had once attained unto he acted another way and took upon himself all the Martiall Offices that were to be administred by the sword that so he might drive on his designs the more securely and withal by his gifts obliged all the Souldiery so to him as that they refused not to bear arms for Him even against their Country and to assist him in his designs of changing the Government of the state So in like manner Cyrus would be called by the Title of Gods Commissary that so no Prophet might pretend to be greater then Himself And Alexander the great would be accounted the son of Jupiter Ammon for the very same reason It is also very evident that no Monarchy in the Christian World hath arrived to the Height by reason of the obedience which is due to the Pope And hence it is that Mahomet when he aspired to a Monarchy brought in first a New Religion which was quite different from what was before For Armes cannot effect any thing against Religion if they be overmaster'd by another more powerful Religion though a worse if so be it be but entertained by the People For as much therefore as there is no more powerful Religion found in the World then that of the Roman Christian it is evident that neither Spain nor France can attain to any greater Dignity then It. And hence it was that Charles the Great when he had a design upon the Universal Monarchy of the World took upon himself the Title of being The Protector of the Pope and indeed so long as he stood up in a defence of Christianitie he became Great If the King of
endanger him unlesse he fortifie his mind against it as it happened to the most Wise Salomon himself and especially of his own Wife who commonly hates her Husbands nearest and most intimate friends conceiving that the greatest share of His Affection is due to Her self in so much that she will hate and persecute the Wisest and ablest Commanders for War that are about him Thus we read * He would have said Theodora for so was Justinians wise called Sophia Wife to the Emperour Justinian dealt with Narses who being thereby very much incensed he took occasion to invite the Lombards into Italy to the infinite prejudice and losse both of the Emperour and Empresse Covetousnesse also proves the ruine of Kings as we see in Antiochus who pillaged the Temple of Jupiter Dodonaeus and in Caligula who having profusely wasted all his own most greedily gaped after other mens estates whence they both came to be hated by their Subjects and so died a miserable death Such a one also was Midas who wished That whatsoever he touched might presently turn to Gold whereas he could neither eat his Gold nor could it procure him an houres sleep when he wanted it that is to say it was of no use at all to him but it onely laid him open to the spoyl of him that had but the Skill to make use of his Iron Caligula in one year consumed riotously seventeen Millions of Crowns which his Predecessor Tiberius had scraped up together and was afterward reduced to that want that he was forced to betake himself to spoyl his Subjects and to practise all manner of Cruelties upon them King Solomon also what in building of Sumptuous Palaces and Temples and about other most chargeable Pomps and Magnificences expended the better part of a Hundred and twenty Millions which his Father David had left him and notwithstanding that he had no trouble upon him from any part yet did he so excessively overburden his Subjects with Taxes that being become Intolerable to the greatest part of his People he lost a great part of his Kingdome in his Son Rehoboam We do allow in our King a desire of Honour but so that he aspire to it by the steps of Vertue for otherwise He will gain onely the opinion of being Proud which was the ruine of Alboin and Attila And indeed Honour is the Witnesse to Vertue and therefore whosoever is a Vertuous Person he shall attain to True Honour without any Flattery which hath been the overthrow of many a Prince in the World And hence it will also follow that a Prince should not enter into so strict a Tye of Friendship with any One or Two of his Subjects as to indulge them the liberty of transgressing the bounds of Justice and the Lawes without controul For by so doing the Principal Persons of his Nobility and Commanders in War laying aside all duty will look upon him as an Abject Unworthy person And which is more they sometimes in these cases enter into Conspiracies against Him and that very person whom He advanced to so much honour as to make him his Favourite may chance to usurp the Kingdome as we read it happened betwixt Gyges and Candaules King of Lydia So likewise Sejanus did much mischief to the Emperour Tiberius who notwithstanding was as subtle and crafty as any man But yet Macro did more who made an end of him Neither can any thing be more destructive to a Prince then to single out One onely to be his Friend and Favourite And hath not Antonio Perez been of very ill Consequence to the Present King If the King hate any particular persons he must by no means discover it unlesse he find that they are hated by the People also as are commonly all Hereticks Infidels Usurers and Publick Executioners of Justice upon Malefactors for by so doing He shall the more indear himself to the People He must also take notice that Accusations among his Subjects do not so much avail his Kingdome as Calumnies hurt it and therefore He ought alwaies to encline rather to the Accused Party And to the end that he may attain to the highest degree of his Subjects Love and Affection He must set up some Court of Grace that shall be above all other Courts whatsoever that all such persons as are condemned to death may have yet some left to whom they may appeal And the King ought to pardon Offenders often where it may be done safely enough and where the Condemned person hath not been admitted to make his Appeal to the Kings Deputies or hath not offended either against the State or Religion and these Offenders by Him pardoned may be sent out either for Souldiers or else to the Gallies and this will do very much good And of this Court of Grace I would have the King himself to be President and it should consist onely of his Queen and his Children and one Bishop only The King must also with all Modesty and Humility put his chiefest trust in God and repose but little confidence in his own strength especially when He is not endued with any Extraordinary Prudence for the managing of the same and all the wrightiest of his Actions must be referred to God as the Author of them that so they may be lookt upon by all with the greater reverence and esteem Let him never hope with a few to vanquish a greater number nor with Undisciplined and unruly Souldiers nor to conquer a forraine enemy in his own Country of which things I have elsewhere spoken He must alwayes remove all Fear far from him and he must discover his onely Fear to be lest any Sad Disaster should befall either Religion or his Subjects And in all His Expeditions He must shew himself to the Height of Valour and even of bold Daring too provided that he do it with Reason and that so He may the more inflame the courage of his Souldiers Neither ought he ever to seem to be Jealous of the Worth of any one lest he should so betray His own Timorousnesse and Poorenesse of Spirit And therefore to the end that his Subjects may not rebel His safest course will be to keep them alwayes up in Armes rather then to let them lie unarmed quietly at home for being in Armes they will the easier be kept within the bounds of Obedience Because that if they be by fair and Prudential meanes kept in awe they will be ready to make use of their Armes at all times for their Kings advantage but if though Unarmed they be otherwise then fairely dealt with by their Prince they will be apt to revolt from him or which is worse will find Armes which they will turn against Him An example of this kind we have in David and Saul who was Jealous of David seeing his Valour and Worth The King ought also as often as he begins to be Jealous and fearful of the Greatnesse of any of his Subjects under the shew of honouring him to send him
For seeing they are all certainly enough assured that they shall be put to death by the succeeding Emperour they have need all of them to provide for themselves and so are necessitated in a manner to take up Armes and to implore the aid and assistance either of subjects at home of Forrain Princes abroad Hence it was that Selim was wont to say that He was to be excused for having made away with so many of his Brothers Nephews and Kindred seeing that otherwise the meanest person of the Ottoman line that should have but scaped acting a part in that Tragedy might have come to the same Dignity He enjoyed But passing by these Impious and yet Ineffectual Examples of Cruelty let us now come to the Daughters of the King of Spain And these Probably may do well to be matched with the Kings or Princes of Poland and France and also with the Kings of Denmark Muscovia England and the like upon this condition that these Princes promise faithfully to embrace the Catholick Religion which if they would do there would thence a double Benefit accrue The King must take into his Court all the most able and most knowing in all sorts of Sciences and He must endeavour to render both Himself and his Children as excellent in them as is possible that so the Eyes of all men may be turned upon Him and His and may joyn themselves unto them seeing them live so happily and securely In like manner as all the People of Israel even to the Maccabees themselves who had God for their Guide became yet admirers of the Romans and entring into a League with them fled to Them for Protection Now He that protects or assists may naturally be said to be Lord of him whom he protects as the Man became Lord of the Horse whiles He assisted him against the Stag. CHAP. X. What Sciences are required in a Monarch to render him admired by all ALl Great Men when they have gone about to set up a New Monarchy have changed the Sciences that the people were exercised in before and many times also the Religion of the Country that so they might render themselves the more Admired by their Subjects and by this means also other Nations have come in unto them too And this is the reason why the Assyrians under King Ninus changed the Religion of Noah and set up that of Jupiter Belus and applied themselves to the study of Astrology whereby they became so famous and admired that they brought the whole East under their Subjection The like course also was taken by the Persians under Cyrus who took upon himself the Title of Gods Commissary for These introduced into the World the Practise of Natural Magick a Science till then never heard of before and furnished it out with great Variety of New and Admirable Rites and Ceremonies The Macedonians made the world believe that their Prince Alexander the Great was the Son of Jupiter Ammon and withal abolishing the Ancient Disciplines they brought in upon the Stage the Aristotelian which confuted all that were before it insomuch that his Father King Philip rejoyced very much thereat foreseeing that this Novelty of Doctrine would lay a Foundation for his son to erect a New Empire upon and so thenceforward neglected the worship of Jupiter Mercury Osiris and the rest of the most Ancient among the Gods Thus Mahomet also when he now aspired to a Monarchy introduced a New Religion fitting it to his own Palat and the Gust of the People Julius Caesar likewise being now got to be chosen the Pontifex Maximus and Astrology being at that time not very well known to the Romans He by changing the Old Account and rectifying the Year laid the Foundation of His Monarchy And the same must the King of Spain also do especially seeing He hath the best Opportunity that can be of doing the same For seeing that it is not Lawful at all times to introduce a New Religion He ought therefore to adorn and set forth the Old so much the more and to enlarge it with variety of New Rites and Ceremonies as also to bring Forth into the World New Sciences and such as shall be suitable to His Dignity But above all let him make a Law to be observed by all Christians First That whensoever any People or Country shall forsake the Roman Religion all Princes shall be bound upon pain of forfeiting their Estates to root out and extirpate the same like as God commanded Moses Secondly That the Clergy and such as are skilled in Church Matters shall make it Their care to look to the regulating of the Moneths of the Year and the Daies of the Week calling the several Moneths by the Names of the Twelve Apostles and the seven Daies of the Week by the Names of the Seven Sacraments For the truth of it is that the Inhabitants of the New World when they find in conversing with the Christians that the Heathenish Names of Moneths and Daies are still in use among them they are wrapt into a great admiration And the like course is to be observed in other the like things Thirdly that seeing that New Sciences do make a New Monarchy the more Admired I would have the Schooles of the Platonists and of the Stoicks opened again whose Opinions come nearer to Christianity then the Aristotelian And that we may descend to particulars the Telesian Philosophy is the most excellent of all seeing it comes the nearest to the Holy Fathers and makes it appear to the World that the Philosophers knew nothing and that Aristotloâ— who would have the Soul to be Mortal and the World to be Immortal and denyes Providence also on which Christianity is grounded talks very absurdly notwithstanding all his so specious Reasons seeing that the same are refuted by stronger Reasons fetcht in like manner from Nature Fourthly It is necessary that he set the Wits of the Learned to work with Scholastick Questions lest by being conversant in the Sciences of Natural Things it set an edge upon their Ambition and by this meanes they should aspire to higher Matters Fifthly That He should banish all Theological Questions out of the Transalpine Schools seeing that all the Divines of those parts turn Hereticks by not continuing firm to the Holy Constitutious of the Pope but are still raising up fresh Controversies and the Wits of these men are to be exercised onely in the Disputes of Natural Philosophy Sixtly He must endeavour to get himself Renown as Justinian did by reducing all the Roman Lawes into One Body and as Charles the Great did by opening the School of Aristotle which was at that time the only School of Philosophy in Christendome for all the rest had been long before trodden down to the ground by the Barbarians as I have shewed elsewhere Seventhly He shall do well to shut up all the Greek and Hebrew Schools because that these Two Languages have been destructive to Monarchy and are besides the Main Pillars by
which those Heresies that chiefly raign at this day are built upon And therefore on the contrary let him endeavour to bring in the Knowledge of the Arabick Tongue by meanes whereof the Mahumetans may be the better convinced and the troublesome Transalpine Wits may imploy themselves rather in confuting the Turks then in vexing the Catholicks with their Disputes Eighthly Let him also erect Mathematical Schools because this would be of great use and advantage in respect of the New World as well as of the Old because by this means the Peoples Minds will be diverted from creating Us any trouble and will be incited to bend their studies that way which may be useful to the King Then let him get about him the Ablest Cosmographers that he can and assign them Liberall Allowances Whose businesse it shall be to describe those several parts of the World wheresoever the Spaniards have set footing throughout the Compasse of the whole Earth because that Ptolomy knew nothing of most of those Countries at all And let Him by the Industry of these his Mathematicians correct all the Errours of the Ancient Geographers and he may also put forth a Book under the Title of the King of Spains Name wherein he shall set forth the praises due to Christophorus Columbus Magellanus Amoricus Vesputius Ferdinandus Cortesius Pizarrus and others of his Valiant Sea-Commanders whose Posterity He ought to confer Dignities upon for the Incouraging of others to fall upon the like undertakings Let him also send able Astrologers abroad into the New World and especially some of those beyond the Alpes to the end that he may by this means also take them off from their Heresies and filth and let him by proposing rewards to such invite the ablest Wits out of Germany and send them into the New World that there they may give an account of and describe all the new Stars that are in that Hemisphere from the Antarctick Pole to the Tropick of Capricorn and may describe the Holy Crosse whose figure is at that Pole and about the Pole it self they may place the Effigies of Charles V. and of other Princes of the House of Austria following herein the Example of the Grecians and Egyptians who placed in the Heavens the Images of their Princes and Heroes For by this meanes both Astrology and Local Memory will be both learnt together And when any such Illustrious Persons are so advanced to Honour and rendred so Venerable and such Astrologers are encouraged with large rewards it is of no small advantage to the enlargment of a Kingdom For all the Worlds Affections will be inclined toward such a Prince and will desire to serve him We are to know also that the Novelty of Doctrine is a great promoter of Monarchy provided it be not against Religion as was that of Luther but that it rather agree well with it as doth that of Telesius and that which I my self have collected by my reading of the Ancient Fathers of the Church or at least when it doth not contradict the same but rather enlargeth it and renders it admired by all men and takes up the Minds of the People and keeps them in from running after and employing themselves in that which is prejudiciall to the Kingdom Aristotle though his Opinions were impious yet was he in nothing at all any hinderance to Alexander and therefore much lesse can there be any hurt in such a Doctrine as we speak of The King must also take care to have the General Histories and Annals of the Whole World compiled in a compendious and succinct way like that of the Books of the Kings of the Hebrewes and which may also shew from the first building of Rome the whole progresse of this Monarchy down to this present day and may set down the time when the Christian Faith was first embraced by it and may make it known to all so many Kings thereof as were Pious and and Religious men were all of high esteem in the World and reigned happily but those that were Wicked and Ill men were also Unfortunate Let Him likewise cause a Brief Collection to be made of the Lawes of all the several Kingdomes and Principalities of the World digested in their several Orders as also their Religions and Customes and let him make use of the best of these and reject the bad But he must be very careful that He publish not in any place such Lawes as the Nature of that place cannot bear CHAP. XI Of Lawes both Good and Bad. THe King of Spain as well for Theological as Politick reasons can enact no New Lawes For the Christian Law together with the Roman Military Power and Prudence is that which He succeeds in and with which He is to comply He must take heed therefore that He make not many Pragmatical Sanctions And it would be an excellent thing if the Lawes as far as it were possible were all written in the Spanish Tongue that so the whole World might be acquainted and might have some commerce with the Spanish Monarchy both in the Language and the Lawes But seeing that this Monarchy had Its Rise under the Roman Empire and Religion the Latine is a Language that it needs not be ashamed of Let such Lawes therefore be made as the People may keep rather Willingly then by compulsion and through fear of punishment as finding them to be advantagious to themselves For when such Lawes are enacted as make for the Profit of the Prince or some few Particular persons only the People must needs be out of love with them and then do they presently find out waies to elude the same whereupon there strait followes Confiscation of the Subjects Goods with Mulcts Punishments and Banishment Then must we have New Laws made to punish the Transgressors of the Former and then again other New Lawes must be made for the punishing of such as have offended against these latter and thus is the Number of Lawes increased the Princes Authority slighted and the Subjects at length out of hate to their Prince either rise up against Him or else forsake the Kingdom to the very great damage no question of the Prince for by this means both the number of the Souldiery is diminished and besides the Kings Subsidies grow lesse Every Tyrant therefore that maketh Lawes that are for his Own Advantage only and not for his Subjects is a Fool for by this meanes He loseth himself whereas on the other side a wise King while he seems to do things Prejudicial to himself doth himself notwithstanding thereby the greatest Right that can be And we find by Experience that Princes that are Popular are more extolled then those are that admit into their friendship and favour some few Noblemen or Courtiers only as we may observe in the Contrary Examples of Augustus and Tiberius It is moreover necessary that a Law be conformable to the Custome of the place for which it is made for all Northern People love Easie Lawes
and would rather obey out of their own Good Nature then by Compulsion And the not observing of this was the reason of the Dukes D'Alva's losing the Low-Countries The Southern People as those of Andaluzia require strict Lawes the Italians Portuguez and Calabrians desire a Mediocrity and Moderation in their Lawes The King must also consider as touching the New World under what Climate each particular People there lyeth For those that lye under the Equinoctial would have Moderate Lawes but those that are under the Tropicks must have more severe and rigid Lawes as also those that are under the Pole but those that are nearer to the Frigid Zone desire Milder Lawes but those that are more remote and lye nearer to the Tropicks as do the Inhabitants of Siam require Austere Lawes and such as carry a Religious Reverence with them But those that are situate in a Middle Position as the Italians are are of like Nature to those that lye under the Equinoctial When another Country loseth any of its Inhabitants by reason of the difference of Religion New Lawes are presently to be made by some Bishop and some Eminent Commander of War and a Colony of fit persons is to be sent thither as for example Netherlanders may be sent into Africk Italians into the Netherlands and Spaniards into the New World And the fittest time to do this is when the War is on foot there but when they begin once to yield the Lawes may then be altered by little and little as it is fit it should be done in the Low-Countries when the People there shall submit and yield obedience to the Spaniards For then there should be more use made of the Tongue in governing of them then of the Sword and the Inquisition is also to be kept up there under some Other Name and Pretense But if any City or Country that is addicted to the Catholick Religion be taken in it will be sufficient then to send thither some Spaniards onely to guard it and some Wise Persons who by degrees may change the Lawes of the Place but the King must put some of his own Subjects and of his own Country into the highest and chiefest places of trust but with the meaner and lower Offices he may intrust the Inhabitants of the place as Duke Francis did at Sena and the Venetians at Padoua But when the Name of a Spaniard begins once to be hateful among them let Him then send thither such Italians as He may safely trust and employ them as his Ministers there Now what course is to be taken in the several Kingdomes belonging to the Spaniard I shall shew hereafter Onely this I shall say here that the First and Principal Keeper of the Lawes ought to be Honour the Second Love and the Third Fear But where this Order is inverted and runs the contrary way nothing will there prosper Of Counsel CHAP. XII THe Supreme Councel or Court ought to consist of the King and some few of the Wisest of his Nobles with some of the Clergy joyned to them Yet the Court of Grace of which I spake before must be above the Supreme Court of Justice The Councels of that Kingdom are already managed rightly enough yet their Decrees would be observed with greater Reverence and Religion if that course were taken which I before proposed namely of adding to them a greater number of the Prelates for by this means the Clergy will be the easier won and withall the Decrees of the said Councels will be of the greater esteem and reverence We are to take notice also that persons of any Nation whatsoever are not fit to be presently taken in for Counsellours but such only as know the Customes of the Country or are Learned Men as was Plato or else have an excellent dexterity of wit as had Cincinnatus For as much therefore as the Spaniard is a person of good ability in all matters of a subtile Nature and where there is use of Good Language as the Germans abilities lie chiefly in matters that are to be done by the Hand and require Labour and the Italians in matters of State Government and Policy it must therefore be the Kings Care that he make a right Choice of these several persons and according to their different Abilities make use of them in His Counsels My Opinion is therefore that in Maritime Affairs and whatsoever concerns Navigation He ought chiefly to employ the Portuguez and the Genouese But in things which concern Mechanical Arts Artificial Fire-works and Engines of all sorts the Transalpine is the only man but where the Government of State is concerned let the Italian be there made use of but as for Fortifications keeping of Garrisons making Discoveries or giving Intelligence and going on Embassies or whatsoever concerns Religion with any of these let the Spaniard be intrusted And seeing that we would have the King of Spain to be Lord of the whole World it must be his care as much as he can to draw on all Nations to comply with the Spanish Manners and Customes that is let Him make them all Spanish Let Him also make them Partakers as well of Government as of Warfare as the Romans of old did and as the Turks Custome is to do at this day For otherwise the Spaniard will be the lesse couragious in War as not having any to rival him in Military Glory and Renown neither will the Counsellours strive among themselves who shall excell the other in Smartnesse and sharpnesse of Wit when they find that all Forreign Nations are cut off from all hopes of being called to Counsel I say therefore that Spaniards are for the most part though not alwayes to be admitted into the Counsel of Spain and especially those of Religious Orders as being the only persons that have little or no Interest of their own in Secular Affairs Into the Councel of Italy there must be taken in such Spaniards as have lived some time in Italy with some Italians and two out of the Netherlands For by this means all the several Nations will rest satisfied and the Kings Counsels will be the better tempered because the Spaniard will alwayes be of a Contrary Judgment to the Italian as thinking himself the better man and the greater respect and dignity due to him because the Head of the Empire is with Them and the Italian according to the Freedom of spirit of that Nation will boldly give such Counsel as he conceives to be sound and Good and endeavour to curbe and abate the Fiercenesse of the Spaniard and then must the Netherlander come in and reconcile them to each other The Councel of the Netherlands seeing it is already granted that the Councels of all Nations must be held in Spain must be made up of Spaniards Italians and Natives for the same two causes before given in The Councels of both the Indias must consist of Spaniards and such of other Nations as have continued in the same for some time whether
too near of kin may not marry contrary to the Orders of the Church and withal that those Marriages that are made may prove the more fruitful I would have Italian Women to be married to those that are of the Seminaries of the Low-Countries or of Spain For by this means also there will not so many Idle persons enter themselves into Religious Orders as there do who are a great burthen to the Church for as much as these Men make choice of this kind of Life not out of any sense of Religion but meerly being forced out of necessity and so are a Scandal to the rest and besides the King is also hereby prejudiced who by this means hath both the fewer Vassals and Souldiers and the smaller Subsidies also There may also be educated in these Cloysters or Colledges or call them what you please people of all Nations whatsoever for the maintenace of whom there may Revenues be taken out of the Allowances of Almes-houses and Hospitals appointed for the Maintenance of Old Men or of any other honest Men or of such Friers as by preaching about the Country get enough to sustain themselves and toward this Charge there may be something exacted of all Usurers as I shall shew hereafter when I come to speak of the Kings Treasure And by this means the Kings Revenue will be so far from being diminished that if He do lay out any thing of his own He will rather prove a gainer by it But now it would be very advantagious for Spain that the Spaniards should marry Italian and Low-Country Women and so make up one Family betwixt them for by this meanes the whole World would by little and little be brought to embrace the Manners and Garbe of the Spaniard and so would the easilier be brought into subjection And those Spanish Souldiers that are at Naples are in an errour while they seek onely for Spanish Women to make Wives of and therefore the Vice-Roy there should see that the Spanish Women should have Italians or Netherlanders for their Husbands on whom He should confer all the honours he can especially where these Marriages happen to be among the Barons or other persons of quality Neither let any one think that those Seragli or Cloysters among the Turks before spoken of are a meere fiction for this most excellent Design hath been practised in the Church ever since the Apostles time and we see how many Colledges for young Students the Pope hath both of Germans English and Maronites that are as so many Seminaries of the Faith And then the Orders of St. Dominick S. Francis and the rest are nothing else but Seminaries of Apostolical Souldiers who using no Armes but their Tongue only do bring the World in subjection And These are the very Nerves of the Ecclesiastical Monarchy The Pope likewise promotes Men of all Nations to the Dignities both of Priests Bishops and Cardinals having no respect either to Rich or Poor Barbarian or Roman as the Apostle himself commanded if so be they be but Wise and Good Men. And hence it is that His Dominion is so far extended and so united within it self namely through Spain the New World Africk and France as well as in Italy and that by reason only of the Common Tie of Religion and the Union of Men and Minds And therefore the King whose design it is to procure an Association not of his Subjects Fortunes onely but also of their Persons and Armes unlesse He be Powerful over their Religion too which is the Bond of Mens Minds and Affections He will have but a kind of an Estranged and weak Dominion among them And it is very evident that the Emperour of Germany by reason of his Subjects being of different Religions is of lesse power then either our King is or the Duke of Bavaria And hence it is therefore that the Turks have learnt Wisedome to Our Prejudice and Damage whilest we in the mean time transgresse against the Lawes of Policy while we observe the Roman or National Lawes Wherefore the King might do what would well become a Christian if he would cause to be erected Colledges of Souldiers and would also promote to Military Preferments not Spaniards only but all Persons of Worth and Valour whatsoever by that means engaging them in the Spanish Manners and Customs for by so doing He should be beloved as well by strangers as by his own Subjects And it is also consonant to the Opinion of Thomas Aquinas to take and baptize in the Seminaries such Children of Hereticks and Moores as have been taken from an enemy in time of War though not to do so in time of peace as for example to take the Children of Jewes living at Rome perhaps and by force to baptize them notwithstanding that Scotus approves of both these I would have the King likewise every seven years to pardon all such as are Banished Persons or are guilty of Murder upon condition that they shall serve Him as Souldiers in his Warres against Africk or in the New World Let Him also make an Act that each several Parish shall every year furnish him out one Souldier a piece which is a Proposal Your Lordship saith was made by a Friend of Yours in Spain for by this means there may be raised Threescore Thousand Souldiers and more in that Kingdom It will therefore be very expedient that there should an Union be made up betwixt the King and the Pope as hath been before spoken of But it would be better that every Baron at the end of such a set term of years should bring in to the King such a certain number of Souldiers and it would be best of all that the Baron himself also should go in person to the Wars whensoever the King goes And this ought to be observed not only in Spain but in all other of the Kings Dominions and likewise that other Rule that only the Eldest sons shall inherit their Fathers Estates in all places what ever But all these Rules cannot be observed any where to any great purpose except the Foundation of the Nations be first reformed namely in Making of Marriages and by erecting Seminaries or Colledges of Souldiers who should be such as contenting themselves with Meat and Drink and Cloathes onely shall have the Courage through hope of Advancement in case they approve themselves stout and Valiant persons to attempt as daringly and adventure upon all the most dangerous Undertakings and those greater then even the Turks Janizaries are wont to venture on And let this suffice to have been spoken concerning the means of encreasing the Souldiery and against the Depopulating of Countries As touching Captains and Commanders in War they ought not to be made out of that most Idle sort of men whom they now adaies call Nobiles Gentlemen but rather let the most Stout and Valiant persons be chosen for this purpose and such as are inclined rather to Severity as Hannibal was then such as are of a Courteous
therefore of Raigning well and quietly is the Tongue and the Second is the Sword And the truth of this will best of all appear by the contrary Use of It. For whensoever any Seditious Preachers rise up against the King they are able in a short time to bring the people that before dissented in Judgments to be now of one and the same mind and will adde courage to every Seditious spirit and so will make themselves the Heads and Ringleaders of sedition by which Princes have oftentimes been brought into very great Straits and which is more have sometimes also lost their Lives thereby An example of this kind may be Mahomet who stirred up the People against Heraclius the Emperour The like whereof hath of late years been practised by Luther and Calvin against an Infinite number of Princes and these two have done more mischief with their Tongue then either Marcus Sciarra or Ninus Martinus did with their Swords Thus again on the contrary Menenius Agrippa with his Tongue only suppressed the Mutinying Commons of Rome and made them again to yield Obedience to the Senat against whom they had shamefully risen up The Pope also hath often by his Preachers repressed Rebellions that were now broken out and grown high Nay He by this means preserved and upheld the Western Empire when by the Rhetorick of his Divine Tongue he diverted Attila the Hunne from destroying all Italy and made him return home again King Ahab also was brought to destruction by the Tongue of the Prophet Elijah as Jeroboam was by Ahijah's And therefore Good Preachers ought to be had in high estimation especially if they be Good Men and are able to confirm that which they say both by Miracles and by strong Reasons like as Moses confounded Pharaoh and the Pope the Emperours Frederick and Henry and as the Emperour Constantine performed that which He had conceived by Divine Inspiration It is certain therefore that Tumults and Mutinies may be stirred up among the People by the Eloquence of such persons as are Powerful with them and in high esteem among them and therefore such are to be had in reverence whether they be Good men or Bad and they are to be made your friends For if they be Good men they are then so powerful by their Divine Authority as that there can be no Opposition made against them Look upon Samuel who set Saul upon the Throne and shortly after deposed Him again and set up David upon it And so likewise what is it that the Pope is not able to do in this kind For as much as His Supream Authority joyned with Sermons is of much greater force and power And Bishops in this case would also be very powerful if they would but take upon themselves to discharge the duty of Preachers How stoutly did St. Chrysostome oppose the rage and fury of the Empresse Eudoxia and her Party And St. Bernard also made himself very formidable both to the Cardinals and to the Popes themselves setting at oddes and reconciling Princes and their People as he pleased himself as his Epistles do sufficiently testifie And I am verily perswaded that if all Princes and Nations should joyn their Forces together for the Overthrowing of the Popedome they would not be able to effect it for thus much Christ hath also promised to his Church Whatsoever ye bind on earth shall be bound in Heaven and whatsoever ye loose on earth c. And again The Gates of Hell shall not prevail against It. And if there were but one Expedition onely of Croisades appointed to be set forth all persons that are of any Religious Orders whatsoever and of these there are certainly many Millions would questionlesse immediatly flock together with their Armes and making use both of their Tongues and Swords would be able to make resistance against and to strike a terrour into the Whole World For indeed all people would be afraid to make use of their Armes against persons that are in Sacred Orders and yet if some few of them should dare to do this yet would the Major part of them lay down Their Armes and so the rest being by this means disheartned would not make any Opposition against them Do but take notice if you please how Moses alone being accompanied onely with the Levites and Priests yet took up armes against the Rebellious People of Israel and against their Princes who together with their Wives were above a Million in number and how with the Armes of one single Tribe onely and that too of the Priests The Text saith onely 3000. Exod. 32.28 he killed thirty three Thousand men in one day and reduced the rest into Obedience For where the True Religion joyneth Armes and Preaching together there is no Power so great as to be able to make resistance against it The Romans so soon as ever they perceived the Power of the New growing Christian Religion they presently took up Armes against It killing and imprisoning the Christians every where yet were they fain at last to give way to It until at length Themselves also in the time of the Emperour Constantine the Great embraced the Christian Faith And although that a Bishop or the Pope himself should chance to be a Wicked person yet if any Prince shall draw his Sword against him he shall be overcome though the Conquerour Of which we had a plain example in Roger Guiscard King of Naples who though he got the Victory in the Battel yet was he afterwards compelled to kisse the Popes Foot A Remedy against which some Kings conceiving they had found out among which number was Henry the VIII King of England they betook themselves to Apostasy and yet neverthelesse did They also come to Ruin and this very thing would bring if it should be attempted the most certain destruction upon Spain also as we have formerly shewed Some others have thought it the best course to cast the Popes into Prison which Philip K. of France made bold to practise upon Pope Boniface the Eighth and in like manner St. Chrysostom was heretofore sent into banishment by The Emperour Arcadius which yet was destructive to both these Princes For Chrysostome was called home again and restored to his Seat with greater honour by occasion of Gaina the Goth his taking up Armes against the said Emperour notwithstanding that Gaina himself could not be preserved in the Church because he was an Opposer of that Religion that Chrysostome was of And the King of France after he had by Boniface's means brought it so about that a Frenchman was chosen Pope hoping by this meanes His Offence would escape unpunished he fomented and kept up the Breach that at that time was risen in the Church and sent Clement V. the new Elected Pope to Avignon to keep his residence there but all to no purpose For this very Pope Clement by the advice of Cardinal Brateus deceived his Kings expectation in not keeping those Promises that he had made to
him And indeed from that time forward the Kingdome of France seems to have been continually in declining as appears plainly out of History It is therefore a Profane Remedy to lay hands upon or to attempt any thing against the person of a Priest Other Princes again have elected Anti-popes as did the Duke of Bavaria by which meanes they were afflicted worse then before Others have summoned such Bishops and Popes as have been obstinate perverse Persons and enemies to them to appear before a General Councel but this devise of theirs the Pope hath now eluded it being openly delared to all the World that a Generall Councel hath no power at all over the Pope and a Decree being also made That No Councel shall be called but by the Pope alone And for this reason did Pope Leo X. ruine those Cardinals that were present at the Councel of Pisa and yet neither did their friends the Princes obtain what they desired Eclesiastical Princes have alwaies been wiser then Secular some of whom have found a remedy for this Evil by yeilding and submitting themselves as Theodosius the Emperour humbled himself before that Good Bishop St Ambrose and the Kings of the Goths left Rome and went to Ravenna to reside giving way to the Popes as well to the Bad as the Good And That King of England also by whose command Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury was murdered made choyce rather to enter into Conditions of Peace with the Pope then to lose his Kingdom and so was forced to pay yearly to the Pope forty Thousand Marks of Gold and besides at his death he made the Pope his heir to the Kingdom by his last Will and Testament After the Example of these Princes it will behoove the King of Spain also to give way to the Pope whether He be Good or Bad and to lay aside what Controversies soever he shall have with him and to leave such Bishops as are his enemies to be chastised by the Pope to whom He must wholly unite himself by those waies which are before set down Alexander the King of the Jewes having drawn upon himself the hatred of the Pharises and being now upon his death bed persuaded his wife as Josephus testifies that by all meanes she should take him and throw him down headlong out at the Window telling her that by so doing she should give full satisfaction to the incensed Pharises who after she had done that Act would suffer her to succeed him in the Kingdom giving her Counsel besides that she should ever take heed how she fell out with any Religious persons least she suffered that which himself had done But if such men as are Authorised by no Superiour Power especially if they be Clergy men such as were Arrius Savanarola and Luther shall rise up against any State this is a very dangerous case and it must then be enquired into whether these men have any encouragement from the Pope to do so or not for if so be they have and He contradicts them not then is the Evill in a manner Incurable but if they have not Him for their Abettor then may an order be very easily taken with them For here it is necessary that it be considered whether these Men be Good or Bad for both may prove very dangerous and if they are Bad they must then be rooted out by the Authority of the Pope but if they are Good men they must then be cited to appear before a General Councel where by the Authority of the Pope being also interposed they may be openly convinced in like manner as Berengarius being convinced of his Errour yeilded to the Truth and submitted and this is the Course that ought to be taken where the Parties are sincerely and really Good men and not meer Hypocrites onely But if they maintain a Good Cause those Faults which they did inveigh against in their Sermons are to be mended and they themselves are to be sent for away to Rome where they should afterwards spend the rest of their Lives as was done by Bartholomaeus Miranda Archbishop of Toledo and the Bishop of Curzola who was expelled from his Bishoprick by the Venetians If they are Lay-men as was John of Leyden and Philip Melancthon there is no great danger to be feared from them For these two after the breach had been first made by Luther at length rose up and when now Luther had already setled his Erroneous Religion and false Priesthood in Germany But in our Dominions no One Lay-man whatsoever would be able to bring about such a businesse without the assistance of some one of the Clergy It is an Infallible Rule that no Heresie did ever do any hurt in a Country unlesse the Prince himself of that Country for some Reasons of State afforded some Patronage to the same as I have shewed where I discoursed touching the Papal Monarchy It will therefore concern all Princes to take care that their Nobles also be not infected with the said Heresie which they may prevent by taking them off with Employments and so diverting their Minds from any such thoughts as I have delivered before Now these Rules are to be diligently observed with these aforesaid Hereticks You must be careful that you do not fall to dispute with them about Minute Quirks and subtilties in Divinity but only that you require them to give you a good account of their Calling and to produce the Names of their Authors after this manner suppose Who commanded you to teach these things publickly Were they Men or Divels rather For we cannot believe they should be any other And then if they shall answer that They have their Calling from God let them then make the same appear to you by doing some Miracles or other such as God heretofore armed His Messengers with namely Moses Elijah and the Apostles And if they are not able to do any such things you should then bring them to the Stake and burn them if you can and render them as Infamous as possibly you may But be sure you avoid all Grammatical Disputations and Logical Subtilties but dispute with them only according to the Principles of Divine Logick as St. Francis did in Egypt and St. John Guidalbert and as I my self have endeavoured to do in my Dialogues against the Lutherans and Calvinists laying down a way how they are to be convinced by an Apostolical and Political way least out of multiplying idle and vain words one Controversie may still be started out of another which to perverse and Malicious spirits will be taken for a kind of Victory I would also have them condemned to be Burnt out of the Imperial Constitutions for as much as they rob Persons in Authority of their Goods and Good name such as are the Pope and other Religious and Pious men who have confirmed the Faith of the Church and sealed it with their Blood which indeed is more precious then what ever other Treasures in the World and therefore
therefore stand stiffely to maintain their Liberty And as in Temporall Matters they are indeed under the Government of Republicks or Elective Princes and yet are no farther Obedient to them then they themselves please even so in Spiritual Matters also do they take to themselves the same Liberty And as among these Northern Nations their Commanders and Souldiers are more eminent for their strength and courage then for their Policy and Stratagems in like manner are their Ministers in their Disputations much better at Rayling then at Reasoning And hence it is that under the Pretense of Liberty of Conscience they only seek after Liberty of Domineering and being accounted the only Men which pleases them much better And therefore the first Errour that was committed by the Spaniards in this Particular was that at the Diets of Worms and Ausburg Luther was suffered to go away alive Which although as some are of Opinion was done by Charles the Fifth out of a Politick consideration namely that by this meanes the Pope might have some body that he should alwaies stand in fear of and so should be forced to hold alwaies in with the Emperour furnishing him continually with Mony and Indulgencies till such time as He should attain to an Universal Monarchy and withal pronouncing all wars whatsoever that He should undertake to be Just and Lawful as fearing that in case he should not do these things the Emperour might take part with his Antagonist Luther yet the event shewed clearly that this was done against all the Rules of Policy For the Pope being by this meanes weakned the whole Christian World is now thereby weakned also and now that Heresy is introduced all Subjects under the Pretense of Freedom of Conscience have shaken off the Yoak of Obedience an evident example whereof we have in Germany and the Low Countries both which were Subject to the said Charles V. And therefore we may very well and safely conclude from hence that He was deceived out of a certain Generous Pity because He doubted not but that He should be able to subdue not only Germany and the Protestant Princes but even the whole World also whensoever and as often as himself pleased Which Fancy of his deceived him in like manner in those expeditions that He made against Tunis and France And therefore I say that it was well done of Him indeed to keep his promise made to Luther so long as the Diet lasted But yet afterward He ought not only to have dispatched Him in his return home but to have proceeded to the utter extirpating also of the Protestant Princes For by this meanes that Heresy had been utterly crushed in the very Bud neither should Calvin with so many others that have since infected both Germanies ever have appeared in the World neither had the Princes of the Netherlands so carefully followed the steps of the Protestant Princes of Germany against the interest of Charles V. A second errour was commited by them in those Parts that border upon the Rhine in that they believed that they should be able to bring in subjection and order that People that had now shaken off the Yoak only by taking the course that is used by the Spaniards namely by introducing that Rigid Inquisition by the Duke of Alva For we see that Fires that are now beginning by the strength of the Winds blowing on them increase rather the more then are any whit put out by the same When as therefore at the first these aforenamed People cryed out for Liberty of Conscience that so under this Pretense they might shake off the Yoak of Obedience and that they could not at the first of all suppresse them either by Armes or strong Holds or by their Lawes that were yet accommodated to their own Natures and Temper it was an easy matter for them to lay hold on their so much Beloved Liberty And hence it was that they divided themselves into several Republicks and chose themselves Commanders in order to a War to be made with the Spaniards and so by this meanes it came to passe that all the most Ingenious and Valiant Persons among them had now an opportunity of shewing themselves in the World either in the Pulpit or in the Field Then presently followed the Wars betwixt them and the Spaniard whereby these People were so much exasperated as that they gave their Generals a greater Power then they had before and therefore appointed Count William of Nassaw Prince of Orange to be General of all their Forces who was a Man that was indeed more fearful then a Sheep but more crafty then a Foxe to whom his Son now succeeds who is a Warlike young Man and grown famous for his worthy Deeds and Victories that he hath gotten And these Princes because they professed themselves the Patrons of the Peoples Liberty only were strangely followed by them and cryed up above measure Then did they to the end that they might make the People hate the Spaniards the more bring in among them Calvinisme by which meanes there was caused a greater Disagreement betwixt them and the Pope and Spaniard then is caused by the diversity of Manners shape of Body and Disposition of Mind that is betwixt them For the Netherlanders as hath been said before are white of Complexion Tall Licentious great Drinkers and Gluttons Impatient Indiscreet Sanguine and of a free behaviour whereas the Spaniards are Black Crafty Circumspect Sober Continent Patient Discreet Melancholick Covetous Severe and Grave and to say all in a word contrary to them in all things So that it seemes to be an impossible thing where there is so great a dissimilitude and disagreement in Manners and Temper of Body to cause there any agreement of Minds which before was maintained betwixt them only by their being united both in Religion and Government which Union being now dissolved there was Necessarily to follow a Disagreement and Breach of all former Ties of Friendship And hence it is now come to that passe that the Low-Countrymen do more detest and abhor to be subject to the Spaniards then they love their own life and so likewise on the other side the Spaniards hate them worse then the Divell himself although they know how to conceal their hatred of them better then the Netherlanders do theirs yet in the mean time do they not omit to do them all the mischief that possibly they can that so they may make up their revenge full Now the want of weighing and considering rightly of these things was the cause of the losse of these Provinces By what hath been said it appears that the King should not have made so much hast to have brought in the Inquisition amongst them neither should He have put such extraordinary Taxes upon them or have affrighted them with the fear of War But He should rather upon the sudden and before they were aware of any such thing have clapt strong Garrisons into all the great Cities and all the Valiantest
the whole Principality of it protracts the War and spins it out as long as he can and His footsteps do the rest of the Officers and Commanders diligently follow Now the Spanish Commanders prolong the War that so their Pay as well as their Authority may also be prolonged and take the same course here that Charles Spinola took when he was sent into Abruzzo against Mark Sciarra with whom he dallied only and had no desire to destroy him that so the Viceroy of Naples might leave Him to be as it were Lord of Abruzzo and might also send him those large Summes which he had promised him for his Service mean while that Sciarra himself also sent him vast Presents to the end He should not fall too hard upon him And thus Spinola being paid on both sides both by his friend and his enemy continued for a long time and without any danger the Lord of that Country So that it is no wonder that King Philip having spent such vast Summes of Mony in this War with the Netherlands hath yet not only done no good upon it but hath besides exasperated the enemy so much the more and caused them to be the more exercised and experienced in Martial Affairs and hath given an Opportunity to his Antagonist Count Maurice and the rest of the Dutch Commanders of acquiring to themselves great Fame and renown for their Military Prowesse and hath now brought the businesse to that passe that his enemies though never so much divided among themselves in their Religion do yet meerly through fear of the Spaniard continue faithful and Constant to the League that it made betwixt them And therefore truly I am of Opinion that this War which the Spaniard now maintaines against the Hollander is both more Disadvantageous to the Spaniards and on the other side more Advantageous to the Hollanders only because they are thus continually forced to be in arms then if they were let alone and suffered to live quietly For thus we find it testified by Salust and after him by Augustine that the Romans by being continually exercised and vexed with War by their Neighbours became by this means more eminent and glorious every day then other and by the Tyranny of Tarquin and others they grew thereby more and more united among themselves whereas on the contrary when they were once left to themselves without any to annoy them they then presently fell to raise Civil Wars amongst themselves For when that Cartharge was once laid flat with the ground and that the whole World was now conquered by them being thus freed from all fear of Forreign Enemies through a Mutual Emulation amongst themselves they became presently to be divided into Factions and by this means brought destruction both upon themselves and their Common-Wealth as we see clearly in the examples of Sylla and Marius and of Caesar and Pompey So true an Argument of Wisedom is it not to hold your Neighbours in War too long lest by that means they come to be Skilful and Valiant Souldiers For thus heretofore it was objected against Agesilaus who had been wounded by the Thebans namely that He had received but his due Reward from them for teaching them by His making a long War upon them how to use Arms. But the cheifest point of Wisedome is for a Prince not to make War upon his subjects especially if they be his Natural subjects and Natives For by this means they will be but the more exasperated and more Averse from Him and so that which was at first but only a little Heart-burning as it were breaks out afterward into open Rebellion as we see it happened to Sigismund in his War that He made against the Bohemians For certainly you will never meet with any People that are so utterly devoyd of all shame as presently and upon the Instant to rise and take up arms against their Prince seeing that the very Name of Treachery and Rebellion is infamous and hatefull every where But when that the Princes sword is once stained with the subjects blood and that the Tye of Protection is now broken and all care of Justice thrown aside they use then openly to fall off from him and to declare themselves his Enemies Alexander King of the Jewes beginning at last to be weary of the long War he had maintained against them wherein he had destroyed at least fifty thousand men and asking some of his friends by what meanes there might be a firm and happy Peace concluded upon betwitxt them was answered that this could not be brought about by any other meanes then by His Death and thus did He though too late do that which He ought indeed to have done at the first I could here reckon up many other examples to this purpose but that I have resolved not to transgresse against the Brevity which I at first proposed to my self To returne therefore to my purpose I shall here lay down for an Observation that those that are put to fight in their own Country for their Wives and Children pro Aris et Focis as the Ancient Romans were used to say are alwaies wont to fight more stoutly then those that make war upon a forreign Country for that Assault which is not successeful the first day growes by degrees weaker ever after and withal adds the greater courage to those that are assaulted For the assailants befides those other Inconveniences that Naturally accompanie all War which certainly are very great are also wearied out by the Disagreeablenesse of a strange Air and Soyl. Which thing if Hannibal had understood or considered and had immediately after his first Victory at Trebia marched against Rome it self and had besieged It he might at that time easily have overthrown the whole Roman Empire Or at least after his Victorie at Cannae which was much the greater He should not have given the Romans any time to gather together fresh Forces but following the Counsel of Maherbal should presently have set upon Rome it self Thus Absalon also if he had followed the Counsel of Achitophel and had at the first pursued his Father David he had utterly destroyed him and had possessed himself of all Judaea neither had he given him any time to have gathered forces together and to have recovered courage as he did to his Destruction The Enemy is therefore either at first to be presently suppressed that so he may not get time and gather strength or else he is some way or other to be drawn forth of his own Country in like manner as Hercules drew forth Antaeus King of Libya that so He might the easier dispossesse him of his Throne For otherwise the nearer he came to the ground that is to his own Country the stronger he presently grew as the learned Fable informes us So that it seemes to be both a vain and Absurd undertaking to maintain a war still with the Netherlanders in their own Country seeing that they could not be conquered at the very beginning
Arch-Priest He hath likewise a most Able Souldiery because that He takes all the likeliest boyes and youths through all his Dominions and breeds them up in Seminaries erected for that purpose and these He employes both in his wars abroad and in peace at home making some of them Souldiers and others Judges and Noblemen also Neither hath He any Barons to stand in fear of neither hath He any Brothers to share with Him in the Empire For the Eldest Son comming to the Empire after his Fathers death presently makes away with all his Younger Brothers Neither can He want any Men seeing that He permits every one of his subjects to take as many Wives to him as He is able to keep so that neither Inheritance nor Virginity are any hinderance to the Procreation of Children in his Territories His custome is also in making his Wars 〈◊〉 go as it were round about in a circle and so to deal with his â—eighbouring enemies neither leaving any enemy behind him nor ever going farther from home one way then another as hath been said before And he hath besides an Admirable Art in his making his Cessations from Arms and Truces with his Enemies being sure alwayes to make them for his own Advantage Now the Turk is descended from Iaphet by Magog and he hath the Lawes of Sem derived to Him by Ishmael whence hath sprung Mahumetanisme And of Him God himself foretold Agar that His hand should be against every man and every mans hand against him and that He should dwell in the presence of all his brethren And therefore we see that He hath pitched his Tents at Constantinople in the uttermost Angle of Europe over against Us who are his Brethren descending from Isaac who was both the Legitimate and Natural Brother of Ishmael For as the Spaniards are descended from Tubal so the Turks are descended from Magog who were both the Sons of Japhet And truly the Turk doth put forth his hand every way not only against all Christians but also against Mahumetans now here now there one while on the right hand and then on the left and still goes away the Conquerour He makes use also of another point of subtlety which is that so soon as ever He finds that we are at union amongst our selves He then presently flies to making a Truce with Us which notwithstanding he presently breakes off again so soon as ever he sees us at dissention among our selves And whensoever he is returned Victorious from one Country He presently falls to the making of some other Expedition either against the Persians or the Ethiopians c. as hath been shewed before And yet though all these things be thus yet doth the King of Spain lay claime also to the Dominion of that Empire or at least of part of it and that by reason of his Fraternity both Natural from Japhet and also Legal proceeding from Abraham but yet in respect of this Later he hath the Pre heminence above the Turk For he is descended from Isaac from whom Christ who is also God is descended the Cheif Law-giver of All and He hath also thereby a general Promise made him of the Universal Empire of the World And because He was Blessed also in Abraham the last Kingdome of the Saints which is to succeed after the end of the Four Monarchies and of which Daniel Prophesied belongs unto him But Ishmael from whom Mahomet the Turks Law-giver is descended had no other promise made unto him but that he should be an Absolute Lord and a great and famous Warriour Besides both these Princes are a part of the Roman Empire for after that the Roman Monarchy shall be at an end there shall no other succeed it But according to Esdras the German which is now the same that the Spaniard as hath been said before is the Right Head but the Turk is the Left Head of the Imperial Eagle after that Mahomet fell off from the Emperour Heraclius during whose Reign the Eagle was divided to whom notwithstanding there was no other promise made but that He should Devour the Middle Head namely the Constantinopolitan whereas the Spaniard hath this Promise made him that he should devour the Left Head that is to say the Turk as we have hinted formerly And although that the Spaniard hath above him one that is a Clergy Man and that is also Armed with the Temporal Sword yet doth this make for his advantage both in respect of Fate and of His State as hath been written before for as much as the Spaniard according to the example of Cyrus hath under him the United Monarchy of the Saints and the Pope is also a most sure defence and Safe-guard to Him by whose Assistance he is able to deal well enough with his enemies both with spiritual and Temporall weapons and yet so as that He may easily withal avoid the suspicion either of Covetousnesse or Profanenesse Now as concerning the Absolutenesse of Dominion the Great Turk is herein much above the King of Spain But yet I have formerly shewed that this very thing of his not caring to have any Barons or Nobles under him renders Him and His Condition and State so weak that if he should receive but one sound Blow onely in an open field Battel it would so crush Him as that he would never be able to hold up his Head again Which cannot happen to the King of Spain because that His Nobles and Bishops and also the Pope himself would speedily in such a case send in Relief to Him The Great Turk keeps under all the Great ones among his Subjects least they should attempt any Innovation in the State or act any thing to the Prejudice of His Monarchy as the Nobility of France did heretofore But then in the mean time He doth so weaken them that they are not able to yeild him any Relief or Aide at all in case he should come to have need of it As concerning Military Discipline and the Manner of making War the Turk far excells the Spaniard as I have before shewed yet notwithstanding if the King of Spain would but use all convenient diligence and withal carefully observe those Rules which I have here laid down before him He might even in this Particular surpasse the Turk and the rather if so be He would but go himself in Person to the Wars And as for the number of Men and of Souldiers the Turk goes beyond the Spaniard and indeed in all his greatest expeditions He hath ever done his businesse rather by his Numbers then by valour And yet his Subjects are divided amongst themselves in Religion and then besides all the Lands of every Country are given in Fee only to the Principal Commanders of his Militia whereas the King of Spain hath fewer Subjects indeed in number but yet they are more at unity among themselves But I have already shewn how the Number of the King of Spains Subjects may be encreased by their Marriages with Forraign Nations
And with these should be joyned also some of Our Preachers who after that they had faithfully and Effectually discharged their Office there should then be preferred to be Bishops or Abbats that so others by their example might be encouraged to do the like and also that those People might know and see that great Honors are by us proposed to such men as we send over to them to teach and instruct them And it seems also to be very Necessary to institute some certain Order of Preachers of the New World to be expressely known by that name seeing that the Businesse seems altogether to require it And the King of Spain must also take care rather how that Country may be made Populous full of Inhabitants then how the Natives may be all rooted out And such among them as will not be converted to Christianity He may make Slaves after the examples of the Romans and Lucullus who alone had forty thousand Slaves of his own by whose meanes he dug down nine Mountaines and laid them level with the plain ground and these Slaves the King of Spain may put to row in his Gallies But as for those that shall embrace the Christian Faith they may be put to learn Mechanical Occupations as Smiths and Carpenters and the like that so the Spaniards themselves may not need to look after any thing else but wholly to mind the exercising of themselves in Military Affaires following herein the example of Croesus King of Lydia whose Custome it was to put all such Prisoners as he had taken in War to learn the trades of Carpenters and Smiths but to keep his own subjects close to their Armes onely I think it fit therefore that a great number of those Indians should be transported over into Spain and Africk and should be set to build great Cities all along upon the Coast of Africk and of Asia the strong Holds and Government of which Cities should be put into the hands of Spaniards onely but the tilling of the Ground and the Mechanical Arts should be left to the Indians to follow or to some other the like Slaves of the Spaniards that should also be Christians And when any of the Indian Kings should chance to be converted and transported over into Spain they should have Baronies conferred upon them there that so the Spanish Empire might thereby be rendred the more Glorious and that the Indians also might by this means be brought by degrees to love us and our Countries And if the King of Spain had but observed all these Rules He might at this day have been possessed of larger Territories both in Africk and Asia and Spain also would have been more Populous and strong and the New World much Richer then it is And therefore in my Opinion it is the most Absurd thing in the World for the King to make those parts a Treasury to supply Him with Gold Silver only and not rather with Men seeing that these later are of the two of much the greater Value Now of those Indians being brought up to Trades and comming in progresse of time to be sufficiently Hispaniolized the King may make Souldiers also as the Turk is used to do with such of our Children as he takes to bring up in his Turkish way of life Then would I have in each several Province of the New World an Austrian Seminary to be set up for the training up of Young Souldiers who should acknowledge no other Father save the King onely and another Seminary for Women of which we spake formerly and likewise another for Mariners of which I shall speak more hereafter And by this meanes it would so come to passe that within lesse then Thirty years the King would so abound with Faithful Domestick Servants of his own that He would have no further need to make use either of Auxiliaries or Mercenary Souldiers and He would hereby also winne the hearts of the Indians to him when they shall see their Children to be brought up in so Liberal and Ingenuous a way of Education and shall find them nothing so Rude and Ill-behaved as they were before and so they will the more readily yield to serve the Spaniard Lastly seing that That part of the World is at so vast a distance from this of ours it is necessary that these Parts should be united and joyned together as much as possibly can be for as much as there is no Empire but is Lame and Imperfect without this Union The first sort of Union is True Religion and therefore there ought to be strong Castles and Block-houses erected upon all Havens and Mouths of Rivers least the English breaking into these Parts should bring in Heresy whereby the whole Design of the Spaniard would be utterly frustrated and come to nothing And besides there should be nothing had in greater Reverence where any of these People are in Presence then the very name of the Pope that so they may be kept the faster to our Religion And they should be brought also to sue to us and to desire us to prescribe them some Rule of Living here and also the Meanes of attaining to Eternal Life hereafter In the Second Place the King of Spain must make himself Absolute Lord of those Countries for if there should but any other Christian be chosen King in that Part of the World Our King were then quite lost Now there is none that He need to fear in that point unlesse it be some Principal Noble Man especially if it should chance to be such a one as is descended lineally from some of those Worthies that were the First Discoverers of this New World as namely if he should be descended from Columbus who first of all discovered these Parts or else from Cortesius So that it seemes to be necessary that such as have performed such gallant peices of Service should be rewarded indeed with very great Honours and Preferments but then it should not be in those Countries that they themselves had subdued For we know that Marquesse Vaglio who was Nephew to Columbus was once very near being chosen King And even the Vice-Roys themselves as they call them might easily make themselves Kings if they pleased And therefore none but some Principal Nobleman that hath great Revenues of his own either in Spain or Italy is to be placed as Ruler of the New World or at the least some Cardinal or Bishop that hath many kindred here with us The keeping of all strong Holds also and Castles is to be committed to some Garrison Captains who are to expect their reward from the King and the Vice-Roys are to live not in any of the strong Holds but in Cities and it must be so ordered that those that are the Commanders of the strong Holds and Castles and the Vice-Roys may be as much at variance and discord as possibly may be Over such Countries as have been conquered by Portugals there should be placed Spanish Governours and so on the
Spain therefore do in like manner aspire to the same Height it is necessary that he frame some New Religion but this neither God nor Reason permits him to do For First this is never to be done but in the very Infancy and beginning of a Kingdom as you may see in the examples of Mahomet Romulus and Pythagoras for otherwise he must needs come to ruine by changing the Auspicia Regni the Fortune of the Kingdom as I may call it whose dependance is from Faith in Christ and then the People will immediately betake themselves to their Armes and revolt from him Neither indeed have any Monarchies been either more certainly or more miserably brought to destruction then when they have changed their Religion as is testified by Histories And then again the Pope and the rest of the Princes of Christendom would joyn their whole strengths together and would in a very litle time root him out of his Kingdom of Naples Millan and consequently also of the New World the rest of his Dominions And although these things were not done to Henry the VIII of England nor yet to the Duke of Saxony because their Territories were encompassed within small though well fortified Bounds yet for all that did they fail of succession and so their States went away from them And we have examples hereof also in Jeroboam Jehu Julian the Apostate and others who for having changed their Religion incurred the hatred of their People and brought destruction upon themselves Unlesse we shall say that the Pope hath no power at all in Temporal things nor is any whit above either any other of the Bishops or theirs Surrogates or Chaplains in Authority or degree which is evidently contradictory to Gods Ordination by which He hath been constituted a Regal Priest and hath been armed with both the Swords as well the Civill as the Spiritual For were it otherwise Christ should be a very mean Law-giver and should be lesse then Melchisedech who was both King and Priest together which addeth both the greater Majesty as well as security to any Kingdom as I have proved in my Treatise Touching Monarchy against Dante who looking only upon the Priesthood of Aaron allowes to the Pope nothing but Spiritualties and Tithes only And which is more this impugnes also all Reasons of Policy because the Pope can never want those that will take up Armes in His defence in case He should not be able to defend Himself and that either by being moved thereunto through Zeal to Religion as the Countesse Matilda did against the Emperour Henry or else out of Emulation or some interest of Faction as it was in the Case of the Venetians making war upon the Emperour Frederick whom they compelled to kisse the Popes Foot or for both these reasons as when King Pipin and Charles the Great took up Armes in assistance of the Pope against the Lombards and others who waged war against him Thus we see that the Constantinopolitan Empire came to be destroyed for the Apostasy of Julian and Constantius in like manner as all the Fredericks Henries and other Kings also of Naples suffered for the same Cause as often as they denied their Obedience to the Pope And certainly the Opinion and Beliefe which hath prevailed upon the Minds of all People touching the Christian Religion is of very great force and moves them to defend It to the utmost of their power so that whensoever the Pope hath excommunicated any Prince He doth at the same instant ruine him also Do but observe I pray you to what state Ferraria is reduced at this day But we have discoursed more copiously of this in the Treatise of Monarchy It is lastly against all Policy too for the Pope withholds the rest of the Princes of Christendom from invading Spain as he doth the King of Spain from invading them by continually composing their differences in like manner as he divided India betwixt the Portugals and the Spaniards and thus hath several times made peace betwixt the Spaniards and the French Venetians and Genowaies and so likewise betwixt Pisa and Florence which yet he would not so easily be able to do by the meer Reverence they bear to Religion For here in these Cases they have an eye as well to the force of Armes as to Religion for He that is in the wrong Cause may justly suspect the Popes joyning of his strength to that of his Antagonist and so for this reason he will the more readily obey the Popes Injunction as I have declared formerly in the forementioned Treatise And the King of Spain if he but declare himself for and stand up in the defence of the Pope shall be sure to have alwayes the assistance of His Forces at his devotion at any time which will be a good means of confirming his Kingdom to him And therefore I conceave it very necessary according to the Fate of Christendom that if the King of Spain would arrive to an Universal Monarchy He must declare himself publiquely to have his dependance from the Pope and command it to be published all abroad throughout the World that himself is the Cyrus that was before typified and the Catholick King that is the Universal Monarch of the World declaring this his Monarchy by his Religious Counsels and pious Actions and passing also by many litigious Controversies which he hath with the Pope and dwelling in the Tents of Sem making it appear to all the World that He is the Chief Defender of Christian Religion that depends wholly upon the Pope of Rome calling together also the Christian Princes to consult about the recovery of those Countreys they have lost and are at this day in the hands of Hereticks and Turks and He must proceed to the causing of such to be excommunicated as shall deny their assistance herein and lastly he must also take care that Pious and diligent Preachers be sent abroad into the World to promote this businesse For the Plain truth of it is that the Pope picks quarrels sometimes with the King of Spain for no other reason but only because he is afraid that in case he should subdue the King of France and the Princes of Italy hee would then make Him only as his Chaplain And this is the reason why He desires that they should alwayes be at variance one with another that so in case either of them should fall off from Him by reason either of Apostasy or some quarrel or other He might have the other to assist him And this is the reason why he stirred up the Western Empire against the Eastern onely because they had forsaken their former Religion had had many Clashings with the Pope about It. But now if King Philip will but do that which is his duty as is before declared and will but give way to the Pope in some things which he pretends His Right and will besides send some Bishops and Cardinals into the Belgick Provinces and to the New world to