any one Faction in France He left two living Monuments of his greatnes behind him which were his two brothers one whereof was Marshall but both of them Dukes and Peers of France The repulse before Montauban and the death of Luynes gave some matter of resentment to the King for the present but he quickly pass'd it over And having settled matters to his best advantage in Guyen he return'd to Bourdeaux and so came to keep his Christmas at Paris The Spring following he gets a horseback again and it was high time for him in regard there was a generall insurrection of them of the Religion both in Dauphiné Languedoc Guyen and Poitou In the last Soubize had got a considerable army of 7000. foot and 600. horse and 9. Pieces of Ordnance The King parts from Paris upon Palm-Sunday which was cryed up to be a good augury that he would return with the Palm the Emblem of victory so marching to Poitou he found out Soubize entrench'd in certain little Islands call'd Rie Perier upon the Kings approach Soubize abandons the place and with a few Horse got along the sands to Rochell the whole Army being thus left headlesse in a fearfull consternation all began to flie and some thought to save themselfs through the Marasse where many hundreds miserably perished those that stayed behind the King were pardon'd only 13. were hang'd for example and they were some of those that had taken an oath at Saint Iohn d' Angely never to bear arms against the King there were kill'd and drown'd in all above two thousand Reformists in this rencounter After this Royan was rendred after a pertinacious siege and a great slaughter on both sides The King thence marcheth to Guyen where the Duke of Elbaeuf had done divers exploits Insomuch that in a short time all the towns of Guyen were reduc'd to the King except Montauban amongst others there were three towns call'd Tonnenx knotted one in another which were utterly extinguish'd with prohibition for any ever to build there again Being in Carcassona upon his March to Montpellier there were two signall things done Soubize was proclaim'd Traitor for flying to England to sollicit for forrein ayd And old Lesdeguiers was made Constable of France Chastillon also a little after came to be Marshall for giving up Aiguemortes the first had that high Office provided he would go to Masso which he did but the last persisted still in his Religion The King appear'd now in Person before Montpellier and a great deal of earth was thrown up by his Pioners before he came the trenches being almost finish'd there were divers furious Sallies from within and Assaults from without happen'd in this Siege and many gallant Gentlemen lost amongst others the young Duke of Fronsack unic son to the Count of Saint Paul was condol'd with much regret And the King was like to have had the same fortune there which he had before Montauban had not the Duke of Vendosme come with a timely supply of five thousand fresh combatants The Duke of Rohan and Constable Lesdiguieres old in yeers and new in Office had privat meetings the former going into the Town carried the busines with that power and wrought so far upon the affections of the Inhabitants of Montpellier that he made them inclinable to let in the King provided that their fortifications might continue entire and that they might be exempt from Cittadel Governor or Garrison upon such termes they with the whole body of the Religion would conform themselfs to a generall Peace which was a little after proclaim'd before Montpellier in form of an Edict to this effect That the Edict of Nants with the secret Articles thereunto annexed should be inviolably kept as under the raign of Henry the Great That the exercise of the Catholic Roman Religion should be reestablish'd where it hath bin interrupted and the Ecclesiasticks restor'd to all their goods That likewise they of the Reformed Religion should exercise it freely in all those places where it was practis'd before these commotions That all new fortifications should be demolish'd specially in the Islands of Re Oleron and the old wals only stand That all Assemblies particular and generall be prohibited to them of the p Reformed Religion for the futur unlesse it be upon affairs purely Ecclesiastic under pain of the crime of Treason That an abolition be granted of every thing pass'd except of those execrable cases reserv'd by the Article 86. of the Edict of Nants That Catholicks as well as Reformists be chosen promiscuously in civill Offices c. This being done the Deputies of the Reformed Churches coming to attend the King they were made to stoop at the entrance of the Kings lodging and afterward having first desir'd pardon they presented the Keys of the Town unto him So the next day he entred the Town and having settled all things thereabouts the King went to Provence and so to Avignon the Popes Town where the old Duke of Savoy came to visit him Thence he returns to Lyon where he found the two Queens The Prince and Princesse of Savoy came also thither to attend him Geneva likewise sent thither her Deputies who made an Oration to the King upon their knees all the while From Lyon He came triumphantly to Paris to begin the new yeer 1623. in Peace after such a long Martial progres While the King was himself in person up and down Poitou and Guyen to represse them of the Religion the Duke of Guyse by Sea who had an Auxiliary Fleet of eight of the King of Englands Ships joyn'd with him for which the Duke of Buckingham was afterwards questioned in Parliament and the Count of Soissons by Land did pinch the Rochellers Soissons rais'd up a strong tenable bulwark which he call'd Lewis-fort that commanded the Chanell Sea-ward and gave the law by Land The generall Pacification published at Montpellier was but a peece slightly plaister'd over it was far from searching the bottom from cleansing and curing the wound for many discontents raign'd still amongst them of the Religion they complain'd that Lewis-fort before Rochell was not demolish'd being a new fortification and they spoak of other grievances the King on the other side complain'd they had not reestablish'd the Ecclesiasticks in their Primitive possessions nor chosen Catholicks in Civill Offices This being profoundly debated in the Counsell of State some as the Church-men and Nobles gave their opinion that rather then to be in such continuall trances and alarms his Majesty should with his main entire strength apply himself to extinguish both the Rebellion and the Heresie as they term'd it totally together as the effect with the cause because his Majesty was not in case to do any thing abroad while they were left so strong at home for as one of the Counsellors said He that hath theeves to his neighbours dares not goe far from home Others were of a contrary opinion that it was very requisit there
defray his ordinary expences the town of Bourdeaux to her eternal glory shew'd herself carefull of his honor and supplied him Add hereunto that two whole armies fell from him that of the Suisse consisting of 6000. and that under the Duke of Vendosm being the greater of the two the one only left him the other turn'd against him and the whole body of them of the Religion declar'd it self against him and actually help'd the other side Moreover his Parliament at Paris would not verifie his Edicts Yet in the midst of all these straits He marcheth resolutly from Bourdeaux with his new Queen to joyn his army with Bois Dauphin with a purpose either to present battaile to the adverse party or to draw them to a treaty Espernon met him in the way with 4000. foot and 500. horse The Duke of Nevers did very much labour and made journeys to and fro for an accommodation and his endevors took so good effect that a Conference was agreed on at Lodun where Commissioners were appointed and did meet on both sides in the interim the Duke of Guyse perform'd a notable exploit with 2000. of the Kings prime horses wherwith he set upon three Regiments of Condés at Nantueil which he slew took and put to flight carrying all their colours to the King for a present Hereupon a suspension of arms was accorded through all the Kingdom except in Anjou Perch and the frontiers of Britany where Vendosm continued all acts of hostility notwithstanding that he had his Deputy at the Conference The King was then advanc'd to Chastel le Heraud where Villeroy deliver'd him the Articles of the Truce sign'd by the Princes and where a Legat came from the Pope to deliver him the Imperial Sword and to the Queen the Rosetree of flowers and leaves of gold Thence the King went to Blois where after a long debate an Edict of Pacification was publish'd upon the Treaty of Lodun which consisted of 54. Articles wherein all the Princes with their adhaerents as also They of the Religion found satisfaction and divers persons of base condition were nominated therein which the world cryed shame upon By this Edict the King approv'd of all actions pass'd as having bin done for his Service and by consequence tacitly disadvow'd what He and his Counsell had ordain'd to the contrary The former Arrests of the Court of Parliament of Paris which the King had suspended were reestablish'd and they of the Counsell of State annull'd and many high demands were accorded to them of the Religion The Chancelor Sillery and divers others who were the Kings Favorits before were outed of their offices Besides the said Edict there were also secret Articles condescended unto containing rewards and honors to some particular men in lieu of punishment and they were presented in a privat close way to the Parliament to be verified with the gran Edict The Court wav'd them a while but afterwards by expresse commandment of the Kings and by a Declaration he made that those secret Articles contain'd no more then what was granted in the secret Articles of the Edict of Nants already verified by the same Court the businesse pass'd though with much reluctancy for if those of Nants were verified what need these being the same have a second verification This as it were enforc'd Verification was accompagnied with Letters Patents from the King in special favor to the Prince of Condé and others Letters in favor of them of the Religion by which his Majesty declar'd not to have understood his subjects of the Reform'd pretended Religion in the Oath and Protestation he had made at his Coronation to employ his sword and power for the extirpation of heresies which put the world in an astonishment because it made the meaning of the Taker of that Oath and of the Prelat who administred it to differ This turn'd afterwards rather to the disadvantage then the benefit of the Demanders for those hard and high termes which reflected so much upon the conscience of a yong King stuck deep in his breast nor could he ever digest them as will appear in the ensuing Story Nor was his honor thought much to suffer hereby being newly come out of his nonage little vers'd in the art of Government and having not attain'd that courage and yeers which use to strike awe into Subjects This shrew'd tempest being pass'd the weather broak up and clear'd And the King brought his new Queen to Paris having surmounted such a world of difficulties and waded through a sea of troubles he had bin absent thence neer upon a twelvemoneth therefore you may well imagin with what joy and triumph the Parisians receiv'd him Observable it is that in this voyage the King notwithstanding that he had condescended to hard capitulations yet he attain'd his main ends which was to perfect the Alliance with Spain and to fetch home his wife in safety which he did maugre the great Martiall oppositions that were made by most of the Princes of France who malign'd the match In this yeer there happen'd some ill-favor'd jarrs in Italy twixt the Dukes of Savoy and Mantova about Monferrat The King employed thither the Marquis of Coeuures to compose the difference but he return'd without doing any good notwithstanding that the Ambassador of his Majesty of Great Britain joyn'd with him He sent afterwards the Marquis of Rambovillet who caried himself with more addresse for he tamper'd with the affections of the French and Suisses which made the better part of the Duke of Savoys army with such dexterity that the Duke entring into a diffidence of them hearkned to a Treaty Don Pedro de Toledo then Governor of Milan was arm'd for the Mantovan and by this Treaty both Parties were to disband in the interim if the Spaniard attempted any thing upon Monferrat France should assist his Highnes of Savoy But the Spaniard though he attempted nothing yet he reinforc'd his Troupes which struck an apprehension of fear into the Venetians who of all Nations are most eagle-ey'd to foresee dangers because there was a small difference twixt them and the Archduke of Grats about the Uscochi which made them confederat and co-arme with the Savoyard there were great Forces on both sides and Don Pedro took Verselli Damian but his Majesty of France employ'd thither Mons. de Bethune who procur'd a Treaty in Pavia to that end which took effect but the Spaniard afterwards delaying to give up Vercelli Modene Luynes kinsman was sent thither who did the work The difference also twixt the Republic and the Archduke of Grats was accommoded by French intercession so that in lesse then a twelve moneths four Ambassadors went from France to Italy About this time the Lord Hayes afterwards Earl of Carlile came in a very splendid equippage to Paris to congratulate in his Majestie of Great Britain's name 1. The alliance with Spain 2. The arrivall of the new Queen 3. The Kings return to Paris 4. The end
notwithstanding that he was offer'd six hundred thousand crowns yearly by the Ecclesiasticks viz. two hundred thousand by the Pope two hundred thousand by the Colledge of Cardinalls and two hundred thousand by the French Clergy La Force whom the King had left Governor of Bearn did not put the Kings commands in execution as he expected therefore the Duke of Espernon was sent thither with an Army and settled all things according to the Kings pleasure and made La Force quit the Countrey who was proclaym'd Traytor and the Marshall of Themines put in his place though afterwards La Force recovered his repute with the King and receiv'd the Truncheon to be Marshall of France and grew to be a great Confident The King having now taken a resolution of war against the Rechellers intended to make a Lord High Constable of France thereupon it was offer'd the old Duke Le'sdigueres provided he would go to Masse which he waving Luynes undertook it which drew much more envy upon him then formerly The King put out a Declaration that it was not against Religion but against Rebellion that he proceeded therefore he offer'd to take into his protection all those Reformed Churches that would contain themselfs within the bounds of their obedience to him and not adhaere to the Assembly at Rochell which Declaration was verified in Parliament with much solemnity so he march'd towards the Loire and being neer Saumur a Town of the greatest consequence that the Reformed Churches had he sent to Monsieur du Plessis Mournay that he desired to lodge in the Castle that night with his Queen The old Governor being above eighty yeers of age was so surpriz'd with this Message that it put him to his wits end for he made full account the King would have lodg'd in the Town as other Kings had and as he was consulting what to do with much perplexity the Guard of Swisses were at the Castle gate so he peaceably let them in the King followed presently after who charming the old man with complement made him discharge his Garrison so the Castle and City was secur'd for the King Yet the Governor which he left in the Castle was a Reformist who was the Count of Sault Monsieur Crequy's son The reductiono and assurance of Saumur was a mighty advantage to the King for the advance of his present dessein in regard that Saumur for her situation was one of the importantst Towns that they of the Reformed Religion had in regard it tied Normandy Britany Anjou and Mayn with Poitou Tourain and other Countreys circumjacent where they were strongest besides it lay upon the Loire and it was the probablest place to stop the Kings passage which they endevor'd to doe afterwards at Saint Iohn d' Angely From Saumur the King marched to Touars a Town of the Duke of Trimovillies where he was receiv'd with all honor and obedience by the Duchesse in the Dukes absence from thence he pass'd through divers Towns of the Reformed Religion where in some places he chang'd the Governors so he came to Moart where Paraberre the old Governor afterward turning Roman entertaind him with all kind of compliance So he found little or no opposition at all till he came to Saint Iohn d' Angely where Soubize had cast himself in with 1500. men a formall siege was planted before the Towne The King had 15000. foot and 2000. horse the flower of the Cavalry of France and Espernon came with 4000. foot more of Gascons and Bearnois A Herald of Arms was sent to summon Soubize who being let a little in at one of the gates in his rich coat he pronounced alowd these words To thee Benjamin of Rohan Lord of Soubize I come and command thee in the Kings name my Soverain Lord and thine to open unto him the gates of this Town to deliver it unto him as his own and to go out presently with all those that assist thee otherwise I declare thee a Rebell and a Traytor against Divine and Humane Majesty in the highest degree thy Houses and Castles to be raz'd thy goods confiscated to the King and I declare thee and all thy posterity Yeomen Soubize answer'd That he was a most humble servant and subject of the Kings but being there in quality of a Soldier the execution of the Kings commandment depended on the Assembly of Rochel who had committed unto him the Government of the place this he spoak with his hat on thereupon the Herald replied Know that neither as Captain or Soldier thou oughtst to answer me with thy head cover'd when I speak to thee in the name of the King thy Soverain Lord and mine Then Haute Fontaine took the word saying That the Lord Soubize having never seen such summons was excusable This Answer and cariage of Soubize that he should prefer an Ordinance of the Assembly before his royal Declaration nettled the King extremley so the siege was poursued very eagerly a mine or two sprung and a generall Storm appointed but in the interim there were Deputies sent to Constable Luynes to Treat he sent them back with this Answer that the King did not use to Treat with his Subjects Hereupon they return'd with Commission to implore grace so the King publish'd a short Proclamation to this effect That his Majesty being contented to admit of a Treaty at the most humble supplication many times reiterated by them which are in the Town of St. John d'Angely or Angerry he was pleas'd to vouchsafe a generall pardon to all provided they ask it and swear never to bear arms again against his service c. So they came out and Soubize kneel'd unto the King and promis'd to observe the conditions his Majesty requir'd Thus Saint Iohn d' Angely was yeelded upon Saint Iohn Baptists day the Patron of the place after fortie daies siege which was furious and very hot for the time divers Lords and Gentlemen of quality lost their lives there the Prince of Ienvill was hurt so was the Duke of Elbeuf the Marquis de la Valette de Saint Claumont Crequy with divers others The Cardinal of Guyse fell down at the puffe of a Canon bullet which put him in such a burning feavor that he died before the Town as also the Marshall of Brissac The King commanded a Convent of Capuchins to be built forthwith the wals to be raz'd and commanded it should be call'd no more a town but a village and to be nam'd Lewis-Bourg The rendition of this town was seconded with good news from the Prince of Condé and the Count of Saint Paul who had taken Gergeau and Sancerre which with Saumur were all they had upon the Loire While the King was before Saint Iohn d' Angely a remarkable passage happen'd twixt Sir Edward Herbert now Baron of Cherberry then Ambassador for his Majesty of great Britain in France and the great Favorit and Constable Luynes which was thus Sir Edward Herbert had receiv'd privat instructions from England to
which was suppress'd by Charles the Wise they boldly put themselfs in armes against the Nobility and Gentry to lessen their greatnes Add hereunto as an advantage to the work that this power being first transferr'd to Charles the Seventh there succeeded him a notable cunning King Lewis the Eleventh who knew well how to play his game for amongst all the rest he was said to be the first who put the French Kings horce de Page out of their minority or from being Pages any more though thereby he brought the Peasans to be worse then Laquais Out of some distast the King took at the last Convention of the three Estates which was upon his entrance to his Majority he resolv'd to summon them no more yet because he might be in good intelligence with his people a way was projected to call an Assembly of Notables which should be equivalent to the States Generall though fewer far in number and some out of every one of the Provinciall Sedentary Courts of Parlement were chosen to joyn with them such an Assembly as this was held in Roven as we mentioned before which did little good therefore the King was advis'd to convoque such another at Paris this yeer which was done accordingly They met in the great Hall of the Twilleries where the King spoak to them thus We protest before the living God that We have no other ayme or intention but his honour and the good and ease of Our subjects therefore in his Name We conjure and pray you whom we have here convoqued and by that lawfull power which is given Us over you We command and expresly enjoyn you that without any other respect or cōsideration whatsoever without regard of pleasing or displeasing any person you would afford Us with all freedom and sinceritie those counsels which you shall judge in your consciences to be most wholesome and convenient to the advancement of the publique good The Cardinal de Richelieu also made a long rhetoricall Oration which you shall find in the legend of his life hereunto annexed but there was no great advantage accrued to the public by this Assembly of Notables though it lasted from the second of December to the twenty fourth of February following This yeer a passage happend in the Court of England whence ensued ill-favord consequences and no lesse then a war afterward 'twixt the two Nations which was this The train of French servants which the Queen of Great Britain had brought with her at her first arrivall was suddenly dismiss'd to the number of one hundred and twenty In regard of no good offices they did twixt the King and Queen and for some petulant bold misdemeanurs of theirs by imposing also certain odd superstitious penances upon the Queen in prejudice of her health Besides his Majesty of Great Britain having settled a Royall joynture upon her of neer upon one hundred thousand crowns a yeer out of the choicest Demeans Royalties and Houses he had in England the Bishop of Mende sought to be Surintendent and steward of her lands and others of her French servants expected to have Offices in that kind which the King would not hearken unto in regard the said French were unfit for those extern employments having not the Language or knowledge of the Laws and Customs of the Countrey therefore he desir'd them to rest contented with the domestic Offices they had about the Person of the Queen they made a shew to be satisfied herewith though palpable discontentments appear'd in their countenances and carriage afterward more and more So they were suddenly discharg'd and summon'd to quit the Kingdom and there should be order taken for all conveniences for their journey by Land and Sea and the arrears of their wages and pensions were punctually paid them The Queen for the present took much to heart the renvoy of her servants and the King her brother resented it also when notice was sent him though it was nothing to be wondred at for he himself had discharg'd the Spanish servants his Queen had brought with her not long after she came in the same manner The King of England dispatch'd a Messenger of honor to the Court of France to give a true information of matters which affoorded but little satisfaction Thereupon Marshall Bassompierre was sent Ambassador extraordinary to England expresly about this busines but matters were thrust so far off the hinges that they could not be set right again so soon The French began the first act of hostilitie and that before any public Declaration was publish'd by seizing a great number of English and Scottish ships at Blay as they were returning from the vintage with cargazons of wines from Bourdeaux but the Scots were releas'd the English still stayed A little after an Edict issued out in the Kings name to interdict all commerce and traffic with England that no kind of grain wines or pulse should be transported thither nor from thence to France any cloth serges woolls lead tinn stuffs silk stockings with an enumeration of divers other commodities by this one may observe the advantage that England hath of France in varietie and substance of Marchandizes The French Chroniclers obtrude to the world divers wrong informations of this travers twixt England and France 1. They relate that the French were casheer'd of the Queens service with little or nothing at all of their wages which is false for they were payed to a peny and many of them parted with gifts and much wealth 2. They report that the Queen out of her necessities had borrow'd much money of them which was also a calumny for there was never Princesse liv'd in greater plentie 3. They make the world beleeve that the first depraedations at Sea and acts of Piracy were committed by the English which is another falshood for besides the seisure of the Marchants at Blay where they came to reimbarque their Ordnance divers other praedatory acts were done by the French 4. They publish also another imposture that while the Earls of Carlile and Holland were in the heat of the Treaty of a Match with England the same time they did machinat the ruine of France the first time that England was ever taxed of double dealing 5. That his Majesty of Great Britain had no hand in the Pacifications which were made twixt the King and them of the Religion whereas his Ambassadors and Agents did alwayes follow the Kings Army to their excessive expences and did perpetually negotiat in their behalf and became caution to them for performances on the Kings side Thus a black cloud hung between England and France which broak out into a shrew'd though short tempest of war The King of Great Britain riggs up his galeons and in a very short time puts to Sea a huge royall fleet in perfect equippage of 150. Sayles with an Army of 10000. combatants which by the advise and directions of Monsieur Subize and Blancart who had fled to England some moneths before were
at Sea might be dissipated without the employment of any Fleet Royall Finally that there hath bin a necessity to arme thus because there is no hope of accommodation otherwise the contrary will be most manifest to him who will consider the researches which have bin made at severall times as well by their own Ministers as by the Ministers of other Princes to the King my Master to treat of accommodating things at their instigation It appears by all this that the King my Master hath not bin forc'd to arme for any particular interest but only for the defence of the Churches for the security and freedom whereof he stood responsible Yet there are some who dare amuse the world that his Majesty hath a particular dessein in it and that he useth Religion for a pretext to gain a party by means whereof and by which conjunction he hopes to push on his purposes to the end at which they ayme No no our Religion teacheth us otherwise and the King my Master's piety wherein he gives place to no man living will never permit him His desscin is the establishment of the Churches his interest is their good and his ayme their contentment That being done these Drums beating these Ensignes displayed shall be folded up again And all this noyse of War shall be buried in night and silence which would never have bin but for their cause Given aboard of our Admiral this Wensday the 21. of Iuly 1627. Buckingham A good while before this Fleet was under sayle the French Cardinal by some pensionary Spies he had in the English Court had advertisement of the dessein therefore there was a Remonstrance sent from the King to his Town of Rochell to this effect That they were French and that the English were proud and insupportable that having vain pretentions upon this Kingdom if they took any place it was to reduce it to slavery That their Ancestors being acquainted with the nature of the English chose rather to lose half their goods then to be under their domination upon the accord made for the delivery of King John when he was prisoner in England That his Majesty had given proofs of the effects of his clemency so often and with so much favor that his grace seem'd to be above their crimes for their Religion if they thought to cast it upon the account he left them the free exercise of it touching Lewis Fort which seem'd to give some ombrage to their Town he assur'd them that continuing within the bounds of their obedience there should be a cours taken for their contentment but if it should come into the hands of the English doubtlesse they would turn it to a Cittadell to settle therein their tyranny That the present occasion was of that high importance that it might entirely and eternally gain them the affections of their King by their fidelity or that they might thereby offend him so sensibly that they might render themselfs incapable of grace ever after if they departed from their loyalty whereunto they were oblig'd as subjects towards their naturall Prince and as Frenchmen against a strange Nation and an ancient enemy of France By the Duke of Buckinghams Manifesto it appears the King of Great Britain had divers grounds of War against France first that his Merchants were so abus'd their ships seiz'd on and their goods taken away secondly that the French King grew so strong in ships which in former times was us'd to be a sufficient motif for War of it self and lastly that Articles were not perform'd of the peace which was made with them of the Religion wherein England was engag'd His Majesty of Great Britain waves the first two and layes hold of the last whereby the French Reformists had just cause to abet him in the quarrell it being more theirs then his Though there were reports blaz'd abroad of other odd motifs Howsoever the Policy of England was tax'd though her courage admir'd abroad to engolf her self into a War with France when she had another great neighbour King already on her back in actual hostility This Fleet gave a mighty alarme to France which made the King to send the Duke of Angoulesme before Rochell with three thousand foot and five hundred horse The King following a few dayes after fell sick upon the way and Monsieur was in mourning for his wife who died in Child-bed of a daughter The Duke of Angoulesms Quarter-masters when they came to take lodgings for the billeting of the Army in the small villages about Rochell took so much roome as would have serv'd an Army thrice as great and this was done of purpose for the report thereof being blown to Rochell and so to the English Fleet the Duke upon Soubize's advice cast anchor at the Isle of Ré whereas his first intention was for Lewis fort upon the Continent which dessein was diverted upon the false report of the greatnes of Angoulesms Army There were hardly 1200. English landed upon the Island of Ré but 1000. French foot and 200. choice horse who had layn invisible in a bottom all the while appear'd and charg'd them furiously the French horse did wonderful bravely and the English foot no lesse who having scarce step'd ashore were set upon and divers driven into the Sea and drown'd but by the brave example of their Commanders they resum'd courage and kill'd above one hundred and fifty of the enemies Cavalry put their foot to flight and remaind Masters of the field there was good pillage found among the French horsemen that fell divers of them being persons of quality and young spirits which being stripp'd many had their Mistesses favors tied about their genitories At this first act of invasion the English loss'd some hundreds of men amongst others Blaneart Monsieur Soubize companion who had bin one of the chief tracers of this voyage in the English Court was slain upon the sands and Sir Iohn Heyden was kill'd too who had afterwards honourable buriall The next day the English horse landed and so they began to intrench The chiefest Fort in the Island was Saint Martin where Monsieur Toiras a choice man had bin many dayes before he sent the next day in a bravado a Page and a Trumpet to tell the Duke he meant to give him a breakfast the Page had twenty peeces and the Trumpet five given him If the Duke had gon presently in pursuance of his victory for that breakfast toward Saint Martin he might in all probability have taken the Fort but he stayed divers dayes neer the Sea side and in the interim Toiras had time to fortifie and the cause he stay'd his march further was that Soubize Sir Will Beecher had gon to Rochell for more ayd which the Duke expected but the Rocheller gave them little countenance letting them in at the Postern gate Toiras after the first sent a second Trumpet to the Duke for burying the dead offering a thousand pounds for his brothers body and others
Power of vertue in the Proem The Pope refuseth to excommunicat the new King of Portugall 133 Perpignan taken by the French 134 Pope Julius the second 's answer to justifie Churchmens taking up armes in the Proem Profane hyperbole's written of the Cardinal in the Proem Prophetic complement 'twixt Barberino the Pope's Nuncio and the Quene Mother 8 Presents given to the D. of Mayn in Spain being Ambassador 14 Predictions of Henry the Great 's death 4 Predictions of the Duke of Savoyes death 94 Princes daughters subject to a hard fate oft-times 32 The presence of Kings advantagious 20 Popes Generalls 8 Propositions in the Generall Assembly 41 Q Queen Mother of France dieth at Colen 133 A new Queen Regent of France 135 Queen of England receives English prisoners as presents from France 84 R Ravaillaks odd humors 4 Examined 7 His confession death and admired patience 8 Reasons why France broak with Spain in the Proem Reason of the Queen Mothers discontentment ibid. Reason of slownes of speech in Lewes the thirteenth 2 Of the Reformists of France 6 Richer the Syndic of Sorbon opposeth the Popes power 12 The Reformists get advantagious conditions at the Treaty of Lodun 33 A Repartie 'twixt the Spanish and French Ambassadors at Rome upon the Dauphins birth 1 The Reformists outrag'd and some kill'd coming from Charenton 57 The Reformists generally rise up 59 The Reformists generally submit 91 The Rochelers high comportmēt 52 Rochell pitifully complains to the King 69 Rochell besieged by the King in Person 85 Rochell submits her extremities 86 The Duke of Rohan hath privat intelligence with Spain his Agent taken and executed 69 He himself executed in Effigie in Tholouze 86 He was pensioner to the King of Spain and treats with him upon articles 87 His notable speeche to them of the Religion for peace 89 He is wounded before Rhinfeld whereof he dies and is buried at Geneva 118 Certain Rodomontados of the Spaniards 115 Stupendous Rain in Languedoc 105 S Santarellus Book burnt in Paris for hoising the Pope above the King 74 Count of Soissons kill'd neer Sedan 133 Difference 'twixt him and the Cardinal ibid. M. Soubize summond at Saint John d'Angely taken prisoner and releas'd 53 Puts himself in armes again and flies from Royan 59 He takes Blaret Ré and Oleron and hath 70. Sayles of Ships 67 Is beaten at Medoc 67 Flies to England and incites that King to war against France 68 Soubize pensioner to the King of Spain 88 The Spaniards bold speech to the Pope about the Valtoline 70 The Duke of Suillie's blunt answer to Hen. the Fourth about Religion 57 Stuard and Hurtevant executed 38 T Title of the Prince of Wales more ancient then Dauphin 2 The Treaty of Saint Menehou 19 Treaty of Querasque 97 Treaty of Lodun dishonorable to the King 33 Treaty of Monson 71 Trade interdicted 'twixt England and France 76 Tillemont and Diest taken by the French and Hollanders 111 A Trophey erected upon the Alps in honour of King Lewis 87 Pr Tomaso defeated at Avein by Chastillon 111 Prince Tomaso relieves Saint Omer 123 M. de Thermes with divers persons of quality kill'd before Clayrac 56 Trent Counsel refus'd to be publish'd in France and the reasons why 24 V The D. of Vendom apprehended in the Louure got away by a wile 18 His Letters refus'd to be answer'd by the Queen Regent 19 He refuseth to deliver up Blavet 20 Leavies men for the King and then turns them against him 29 D. de la Valette's brave speech before Fontarabia he flies to England is executed in Effigie in Paris 122 W Wars of Iuillers 10 War against the Reformists 51 War in the Valtolin 70 The last War against the Reformists 88 Wallesteins death much lamented by Richelieu A Armand Cardinal of Richelieu his breeding 155 His genealogy 166 His degree of rising 167 He crosseth the Alps in quality of Generalissimo 168 Divers attempts to kill him 169 His death 169 His testament 160 His titles ibid. His Character ibid. Censures upon him 166 Epitaphs good and bad upon him 178 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Junii 3. 1646. Imprimatur NA BRENT fourth Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1611. Anno 1611. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1617. Anno 1617. Anno 1617. Anno 1618. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1622. Anno 1623. Anno 1624. Anno 1624. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1628. Anno 1628. Anno 1628. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1630. Anno 1630. Anno 1630. Anno 1631. Anno 1631. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1631. Anno 1631. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1633. Anno 1633. Anno 1634. Anno 1634. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1636. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1638. Anno 1639. Anno 1639. Anno 1640. Anno 1640. Anno 1641. Anno 1640. Anno 1641. Anno 1642. Anno 1642. Anno 1643. Rochel
by armed hand seizd upon the town and castle of Iuillers The opposit Princes having besieg'd him there sent to France for help Hereupon Marshall de la Chastre march'd with those 12000. Auxiliaries and his conjunction with the other Princes was so fortunat that Iuillers was rendred up upon composition to the Duke of Newburg and Marquis of Brandenburgh but with this proviso that the Roman Religion should still have free exercise there This relief of Iuillers was the first forren act that happen'd in the raign of Lewis the thirtteenth and the expedition was intended before by his father Although in successif hereditary Kingdomes as France and England where the law sayeth the King never dieth the act of Coronation be not so absolutly necessary as to appertain to the essence of the thing yet hath it bin used as a ceremony not superfluous for the satisfaction of the people Hereupon there were great preparations made for the crowning and the anointing of the young King with the holy oyle which is kept alwayes in the town of Rheims in a little vial and the French faith is That it is part of the same oyle wherewith Clovis who was the first Christian King of France converted by his wife above 1000. yeers since was anointed and that a Dove brought down in her beak the said vial into the Church and so vanish'd which oyl they say continues fresh and sweet and without diminution to this day The said vial was once caried away by the English but it was recovered by the inhabitants of Povilleux for which they enjoy divers priviledges to this day This ceremony of Coronation in France is a very solemn thing and continues above eight houres long without intermission The twelve Peers are the chiefest Actors in it whereof there are six Spiritual and six Temporal the last six have now no being in France but only in name For they ought to be the Dukes of Burgundy Normandy and Aquitain the Earls of Tholouse Flanders and Champagny all which are represented by Deputies in this act One of the first circumstances in this ceremony is that two Bishops come and knock in the morning at the Kings Bed-chamber dore the Great Chamberlain asks them what they would have they answer Lewis the thirteenth son to Henry the Great The Lord Chamberlain replies He sleeps The Bishops a while after knock gently again and demand Lewis the thirteenth whom God had given them for their King So the dore opens and he is caried in solemn procession to the great Church At the communion he takes the bread and the wine to shew that his dignitie is Presbyterial as well as Regal The Parisians are bound to provide certain birds which are let loose that day up and down the Church whereof one was observ'd to sit and sing a great while upon the canopy that was caried over the Kings head which was held to be an auspicious augury Grace before and after diner is sung before him and the sword is held naked all the while with a multitude of other ceremonies The King seeming to be tyred having bin so many hours in the Church and born the crown on his head with divers other heavy vests upon his body was ask'd what he would take to take the like pains again he answer'd for another Crown I would take double the pains The King and Queen Regent being return'd to Paris the scene where the last act of this pomp should be perform'd before the triumph was ended there was a dash of water thrown into their wine by news that was brought of an insurrection that was in Berry by Florrimond de Pay Lord of Vatan who undertook to protect certain Salt Merchants by arms which he had leavied but he was quickly suppress'd and his head chop'd off divers of his complices hang'd and strangled This was the first flash of domestic fire that happen'd in the raign of Lewis the thirteenth which was the more dangerous because the said Lord of Vatan was of the Religion and 't was fear'd the whole body of them would have abetted him There arise a little after two ill-favour'd contentions twixt Church-men which kept a great noise for the present One was of the Iesuits who presented a remonstrance to the Court of Parliament that by vertu of an Edict of Henry the Great 1611. they might be permitted to open their Colledg of Clermont for the instruction of youth and to erect Classes for the public Lecture of the Sciences in a scholary way The Rector of the Universitie seconded by the Sindic of Sorbon with the whole body of Academiks oppos'd it mainly The first thing the Court ordred was that the Jesuits should subscribe to a submission and conformitie to the Doctrin of the Sorbon Schoole in these foure points 1. That the Pope hath no power over the temporalls of Kings and that he cannot excommunicat them or deprive them of their Kingdoms 2. That the Counsell is above the Pope 3. That the Ecclesrastiques are subject to the Secular and Politic Magistrat 4. That auricular Confessions ought to be reveal'd which concern the State and lifes of Kings and Soverain Princes All which Propositions tended to the maintenance of royal authoritie the conservation of the sacred persons of Kings and the liberties of the Gallie Church The Jesuit shrunk in their shoulders at this motion so one in the name of the rest answer'd that amongst their Statuts there was one which oblig'd them to follow the rules and laws of those places where they were therefore they could not promise their General would subscribe to the foresaid propositions but their Provincial in France should do it with the whole Colledg of Clermont which was done accordingly yet the Parliament could never be induc'd to passe a Decree whereby they might be authorized to open their Colledg in Paris for the education of youth though afterwards the King and Queen Regent by sole advise of the Counsell of State notwithstanding the opposition of Parliament and Universitie pass'd an Edict in their favour And this was done out of pure reason of State for the world knows what dangerous instruments Jesuits are if offended The other scuffle amongst Church-men was of a greater consequence which was thus The Iacobins who are the chiefest order of preaching Friers have a generall Chapter every three yeers in Paris This convention happen'd this yeer and divers Tenets were propounded there One amongst the rest was That in no case the Counsell is above the Pope There sate in this Assembly many eminent persons as the Cardinal of Perron the Popes Nuncio with divers other great Prelats There were also some Presidents of Courts there and Counsellors and the Provost of Paris Amongst others Hacquevill President in the great Chamber of Parliament at the debatement of the said thesis stood up and averr'd that it was heretical whereat the Nuncio was offended and after some heat of argument pro and con Cardinal Perron took the word
were like to incur by such an exorbitant ambition being compell'd by some considerations and inspir'd by Counsel from above I resolv'd to secure the person of the said Marshall and therefore I commanded the Captain of my Guard to arrest him within my Castle the Louure which he attempting to do the said Marshall being well accompagnied offerd to oppose my said command and certain blows being given the said Marquis fell down dead c. So he tells him that he intends for the future to take the reins of Government into his own hands Wherefore he exhorts him to returne neer his Person and take his due rank in Court and Counsell And concludes that if he renders proofs answerable to the esteem he makes of his affection towards him he will be ready to acknowledge it Many Letters went abroad from the King of this tenor and they took such effect that all arms were thrown down every where and the Princes repair'd to Court Now and not before it may be said that the King began to raign by this change France chang'd her countenance old Officers were restor'd to their places Sillery was made Chancelor again Du Vair and Villeroy were restor'd with divers others and the Bishop of Lucon left the Secretariship of State and retir'd though he was offer'd to be still of the Privy Counsell if he would stay The Queen Mother shew'd her self a true Queen of her passions herein for though her favourit and foster sister were torn away from her thus yet such was her temper that she discover'd no extraordinary resentment that which she said she took ill was that the King did not impart unto her his intentions for she would willingly have concurr'd to do all things to his contentment The King appointed her the Castle of Blois to reside in and coming to take his leave of her he thanked her for the pains she had taken in Government but he resolv'd to sit now at the helme himself and if she would be a good Mother to him she should find him a good Son The Marchiones of Ancre was not executed till the Queen was gone from Paris at her arraignment she shew'd an Amazonian courage and the subtilty of her spirit put all men in admiration she denied with much disdain all kind of witchcraft and sorcery and indeed the proofs were little or none at all against her She confess'd that she had convey'd some moneys out of the Kingdom but it was either for the Kings service or for her own utility for the first it deserv'd rather a reward for the second there was no law against any stranger to do the like she acknowledg'd to have receiv'd divers favors of the Queen her Mistresse in whose service she had employ'd her whole life and to receive favors from great Princes was never held a crime till now she often dehorted her husband from some violent courses he took which made her make a separation of her estate from his fearing that some funestous accident might befall him but it being granted that she had conceal'd the defauts of her husband there was never any law that could punish much lesse condemn a wife for that In conclusion she defended herself with that caution and courage that many of the Judges were of opinion that banishment was enough for her but the quality of the times and state of things transported the Judges to extraordinary rigor Upon the Scaffold she carried herself with such a scorn of death and with that exemplary piety and patience that she mollified the hearts of all the spectators and sent hundreds away with wet eyes amongst whom were divers of those who had embrued their hands so barbarously in her husbands bloud Vitry had the Truncheon to be Marshall of France hereupon and out of the ruins of Ancre Luynes rais'd his fortunes which may be said to be three stories higher for he suddenly hois'd not only himself but his two brethren Cadenet Brand to an incredible height which made one fix upon the Louure gate this pasquil Aux trois Rois at the the three Kings some cryed out that the tyranny was not chang'd but only the tyrant That the same Tavern stood still only it had a new bush Luynes had given him the Marquisat of Ancre and all the Stable possessions of the Marshal but Du Vair a good while would not let it passe the Great Seal in regard that by an Arrest of the Court of Parliament all their Stable goods were confiscated and reunited to the Crown and he stood stiffe in this untill the King had given him the Bishoprick of Lysieux and having then fixed the Seal the French Pasquin began to tell him Et Homo factus sum a little after the King married his Favorit Luynes to the Duke of Montbazons daughter He gave the Duke twenty thousand pound sterling and made him Governor of the Isle of France the Duke of Main being translated to Guyen The King desiring to be in good intelligence with all his Subjects fell upon a new reach of Policy by the advice of his Counsell which was that in regard he had found that the Assembly of the States General brought with it more trouble then utility in regard of the discrepant humors and interests which such a number of men of various conditions Professions and Religions carried with them instead of the States General he convokes an Assembly of notables as he term'd it compos'd of some selected Persons out of every Order whereunto should be added some Counsellor out of every Court of Parliament Which being fewer in number would not breed such a confusion And this Assembly should be equipollent to that of the States General and their acts so obligatory To this end the Kings Writs were issued out the day and place appointed which was the Citie of Roven All solemnly met there in the Archbishops Hall where after the King the Chancelor made a grave Oration that his Majesties pious intentions to call them thither was to regulat and police the State and to ease the Subject The first four daies were spent in settling the ranks of the Deputies and a great clash fell twixt the Nobles and the Deputies of Parliaments whom the Nobles said they had reason to precede in regard they took them to be but Members of the third Estate but they disadvow'd that qualitie and stood to their Soverain Jurisdiction which extended over the Nobles as well as other persons nor could they be call'd the third Estate because they never us'd to meet in the Assembly of the States Generall The Nobles alledg'd the lustre of their birth the excellence of the Profession of Armes above the gown strengthning their cause with divers other arguments but the difference being left undecided the King resolv'd that the Nobles should be plac'd about the Person of the King but with this proviso that it should not prejudice the second rank they have by Fundamentall right In the convention of
should be a generall peace now 'twixt the French people because of the businesse of the Valtolin where the Spaniard had a purpose to block out France in all places towards Italy which was very necessary to be prevented so that it was not fit to enfeeble France at this time by attempting to extinguish them of the Religion and to plunge the whole Countrey in an intestine war for it was as if one would cut off his left hand with the right This last counsell took more with the King and so he left no way unessayed to reunite all his subjects Hereupon to content the Reformists he caus'd their Temples to be reedified he appointed 60000. Franks for the payment of their Ministers and permitted them to call a Synod at Charenton with divers other acts of compliance provided that on their part they should entertain no strangers for preachers nor admit Ministers into politic Assemblies In these difficulties and anxious traverses of things the King made the Cardinal of Richelieu his principall Minister of State chiefe of his Counsell and Director generall under his authority in the government of the State He made this election by the advice of the Queen Mother principally nor was it an improper choice for the party had a concurrence of high abilities in him answerable to that transcendent trust and he prov'd as will appear by the sequele of things a succesfull Instrument though many doubt whether his Counsel was as succesfull to France as it was fatall to the rest of Christendom which he hath plung'd in an eternall war touching this we leave the Ingenious Reader a freedom of censure according as his judgement shall be guided by an unpartiall and unbiass'd relation of matters as they ly connected in the ensuing part of this story Thus our third Lustre concludes with the commencement of Richelieus greatnes The fourth Lustre of the Life of Lewis the thirteenth VVE began the last lustre with the espousals of the Lady Christina second daughter of France with the Prince of Piemont this begins with the mariage of the Lady Henriette Marie de Bourbon the yongest Royall branch of Henry the Great and this was the first great act that the Cardinal of Richelieu performed after he was come to the superintendency of affairs of State France had two causes of perpetuall apprehensions of fear one external th' other internal The still growing greatnesse of Spain without and They of the Religion within doors which were made frequent use of by any discontented Princes upon all occasions and were cryed up by the Jesuits to be as Matches to set France on fire at any time Therefore the first gran dessein that he projected with himself was to clip their wings and diminish their strength by dismantling their Cautionary Towns and making them dismisse their Garrisons The Cardinal knew the King his Master did not affect them since the Treaty at Lodun wherein they forc'd him to put another interpretation upon his Coronation Oth then his conscience did dictat unto him or the Prelat who administred it unto him meant which appear'd in a churlish answer that he gave them not long after when he was solicited to prolong the terme of holding their Cautionary Towns as Henry the Third and Henry the Great his father had done Which answer was That what grace the first did shew you was out of fear what my father did was out of love but I would have you know that I neither fear you nor love you To compasse that great work of taking from them their Garrison Towns it was thought very expedient to secure forren Princes from assisting them specially England and the united Provinces Touching the latter they were charm'd with money for in a fresh Treaty the King accorded them a million of Franks and six hundred thousand Franks every one of the two yeers next ensuing which they were to re-inburse the next two yeers that they should conclude a peace or truce with Spain The Holland-Ambassadors who were employed in this Treatie did promise the King that there should be libertie of conscience given the Catholiks at his Majesties request That the States should associat the French with them in the commerce of the Indies give them some choice ports for traffic and repaire some depraedations they had made by sea but the money being once got there was little care taken to perform these promises which were no more then parol engagements or rather complements whereupon an Ambassador was expressely sent to complain hereof but he effected little To secure England from succouring Them of the Religion the first overture that the Erl of Holland made for an alliance was yeelded unto to whom the Erl of Carlile was sent in joynt commission to conclude it The King told them that he took it for an honour that they sought his sister for the sole sonne of so illustrious a King his neighbour and Allie onely he desir'd that he might send to Rome to have the Popes consent for better satisfaction of his conscience and in the mean time the English Ambassadors might send for a more plenary power to England so in lesse then the revolution of nine moons this great businesse was propos'd poursued and perfected whereas the Sun ran his carreer through the Zodiac ten times before that Spain could come to any point of perfection This may serve to shew the difference twixt the two Nations the leaden heel'd pace of the one and the quicksilver'd motions of the other it shewes also how the French is more round and frank in his proceedings not so full of scruples reservations and jealousies as the Spaniard And one reason that the Statists of the time alledg'd why Spain amus'd the English and protracted the Treaty of the Match so long was that all the daughters of France might be first married to prevent an alliance 'twixt England and her There was a concurrence of many things that favor'd the effecting and expediting of this alliance some previous Offices and Letters of invitation from France wherein there were strains of extraordinary endearments wherewith the King of Great Britain corresponded also in an unusuall stile as appears by this Letter following Most high most excellent and most puissant Prince Our most deer and most beloved good Brother Cousen and ancient Ally Although the deceased King of happy memory was justly call'd Henry the Great for having re-conquer'd by arms his Kingdom of France though it appertain'd unto him as his proper inheritance Yet you have made now a greater conquest for the Kingdom of France though it was regain'd by the victorious arms of your dead father it was his de jure and so he got but his own But you have lately carried away a greater victory having by your two last Letters so full of cordiall courtesies overcome your good Brother and ancient Ally and all the Kingdoms appertaining unto him for We acknowledge Our self so conquer'd by your more then
brotherly affection that We cannot return you the like onely we can promise and assure you upon the faith of an honest man that you shall have alwayes power not onely to dispose of Our forces and kingdoms but of Our heart and person and also of the person of Our son if you have need which God prevent praying you to rest assured that We shall not onely be far from cherishing or giving the least countenance to any of your subjects of what profession soever of Religion who shall forget their naturall allegiance unto you but if We have the least inkling thereof We shall send you very faithfull advertisement And you may promise your self that upon such occasion or upon any other which may tend to the honor of your Crown you shall alwayes have power to dispose freely of Our assistance as if the cause were Our own so upon assurance that Our interests shall be alwayes common We pray God most high most excellent and most puissant Prince Our most deer and most beloved Brother Cousen and Ally to have you alwayes in his most holy protection Newmarket 9. of February 1624. Your most affectionat Brother Cousen and ancient Ally Iames K. The Critiques of the time did much censure this Letter in regard King Iames seems to dis-invest himself utterly of all Title to France thereby because he confesseth Henry the Fourth to have not onely reconquer'd it but to have a naturall right unto it in the said Letter The former Treaty for the Infanta of Spaine did facilitat also the hastning of this businesse and made it lesse knotty in regard that the matrimonial capitulations which in effect were the very same with those of the Infanta's had bin beaten and moulded a long time before upon the Spanish Anvill and so made smooth and passable They were in substance these that follow 1. That the French King should make it his busines to procure a dispensation from Rome within three moneths 2. That for the celebration of the act of affiancing the King of Great Britain should depute whom he pleas'd and that it be done according to the Roman rites 3. That the mariage be solemniz'd in the same forme as that of Queen Margaret and the Duchesse of Bar was 4. That she be attended to the Sea side upon the charge of France 5. That the contract of mariage be publiquely ratified in England without intervention of any Ecclesiastic ceremony 6. That free exercise of Religion be granted unto Madam her self and all her train and to the children that her servants shall have And to that end they shall have a Chappel in every one of the Kings Royall Houses or any where els where she shall keep her Court 7. That preaching and the administration of the Sacraments of the Masse with all other Divine Offices be permitted Her as also the gaining of all Indulgences and Jubils from Rome and that a Church-yard be appointed wall'd about to bury Catholiks according to the Rites of the Roman Church all which shall be done modestly 8. That she shall have a Bishop for her Almoner who may have power to proceed against any Ecclesiastic under his charge according to the Canonicall constitutions And in case the Secular Court shall seize upon any Churchmen under his jurisdiction for any crime which concern'd not the State he shall be sent back to the said Bishop who taking cognisance of the delict shall degrade him and so return him to the Secular power and other faults all Church-men under him shall be sent to him to be proceeded against accordingly or in his absence to his Vicar generall 9. She shall have 28. Priests of her House and if any be a Regular he shall be allow'd to weare his habit 10 The King of Great Britain and his son shall oblige themselfs by Oath not to attempt any thing upon the conscience of Madam to induce her to renounce her Religion 11. All her domestiques shall be Catholiques and French which she shall bring with her and in their roomes when they die she shal be allow'd to choose other French Catholiques but with the consent of the King of Great Britain 12. Her dowry shall be eight hundred thousand crowns whereof the one moity shall be pai'd the yeeve after Contract the other a yeer after and in case she survive her Husband the said dowry shall be entirely return'd her whether she desire to live in England or France 13. But if there remain any children of this mariage then she is to have back but two thirds of the said dowry 14. And in case Madam die before the Prince without children the moity of the said dowry shall be only return'd and in case she leave children all shall go amongst them 15. Madam shall be endow'd with a joynture of eighteen thousand pound sterling per an which comes to sixty thousand crowns and his Majestie of Great Britain shall give her besides the value of fifty thousand crowns in Jewels whereof she shall have the property as of those she hath already and of what shall be given her hereafter He shall be also oblig'd to maintain her and her House and in case she come to be a widow she shall enioy her dower and jointure which shall be assignd her in Lands Castles and Houses whereof one shall be furnish'd and fit for habitation and that the said joynture be pay'd her wheresoever she shall desire to reside she shall have also the free disposing of the Benefices and Offices belonging to the said Lands whereof one shall have the title of Duchy or County 16. That she shall be permitted whether she have children or not to return to France and bring with her her movables rings and jewels as also her dowry and the King shall be bound to have her conducted to Calice upon his charge 17. The contract of the mariage shall be registred in the Court of Parliament of Paris and ratified in that of England 18. All her servants shall take this following Oath I sweare and promise fidelitie to the most gracious King of Great Britain to the most gracious Prince Charles and to Madame Henriette Marie daughter of France which I shall most faithfully and inviolably keep And if I know of any attempt against the said King Prince and Lady or their estates or against the public good of the Kingdoms of the said King I shall forthwith denounce the same to the said King Prince and Lady or others who shall have it in charge This was the substance of all the Matrimoniall capitulations which were digested to 28. Articles with a penalty of four hundred thousand crowns upon either of the two Kings which should infringe any of them Besides these there were some privat Articles accorded in favour of the Roman Catholiks in England and Ireland but far from the latitude of a public Toleration Upon the ending of this great Treaty with France Iames the First of England and Sixth of Scotland ended his life
in his Palace at Theobalds A little before he broak out into a very passionate Speech to his Lords of the Counsel of the King of France saying My Lords the King of France hath writ unto me that he is so far my friend that if ever I have need of him he will render me Offices in Person whensoever I shall desire him Truly he hath gain'd upon me more then any of his Predecessors and he may beleeve me that in any thing that shall concern him I will employ not only my peoples lifes but mine own and whosoever of his subjects shall rise against him either Catholiks or others shall find me a party for him 'T is true if he be provok'd to infringe his Edicts I shall impart as much as in me lies by counsell and advice to prevent the inconveniences Then falling upon the perfections of Madame Henriette Marie he said pleasantly When she is come over I will denounce war against her because she would not read my Letter nor my sons as I understand before she had first receiv'd command from the Queen her Mother yet I have cause to thank her because that after she had perus'd them she put mine in her cushionet and the other in her bosome intimating thereby that she would rely upon me for counsell and lodg my son in her heart King Iame's death retarded a while the proceedings of the Match for things were at a stand till his Exequies were pass'd which were perform'd with a Magnificence sutable to so great a King This Ceremony being ended a procuration was sent the Duke of Cheureuse from his Majesty of Great Britain to be contracted unto the Lady Henriette and then to marry her in his name which was done with extraordinary celebrity the one in the Louure the last in the great Church of Paris by the ministery of the Cardinall Rochefaucaud a little before there was a clash twixt him and the Bishop of Paris who urg'd it was his right to officiat in his own Church but the Cardinal being a Prince of the Church Universall being also gran Almoner which makes him chief Clark of the Court and Cardinal Richelieu who had now the greatest stroak in the State favoring his own habit and the Hat more then the Mitre the Cardinal carried the day This solemnity was perform'd to the very height of greatnes and splendor and such was the bravery of the English Ambassadors the Earls of Carlile and Holland that they seem'd to outshine the French that day in their own Sphere One half of the dowry had bin delivered before upon the Contract which was in all as was said before eight hundred thousand crowns and it was more then the eldest Sister had by two hundred thousand crowns and double as much as the second had the one having but six hundred thousand the other but foure hundred thousand crowns to their portions The Contract and Mariage being thus finish'd the Duke of Buckingham came a fortnight after with admired gallantry to demand the Queen of Great Britain for the King his Master and to attend and conduct her over to England The Queen Mother accompagnied her as far as Amiens Monsieur her Brother to Bullen whence a Fleet of twenty Galeons Royall transported her to Dover This was the eighth Nuptiall conjunction of the Rose and Flowerdeluce that hath happend 'twixt England and France The first was in the yeer 900. 'twixt Charles the First of France and the Lady Ogine daughter to Edward the old King of England 120. yeers before the Norman conquest The second twixt Henry the Third of England and Margaret daughter to Lewis the Seventh of France The third was between Edward the First of England and the Lady Margaret daughter to Philip the Hardy of France The fourth 'twixt Edward the Second of England and Isabel daughter to Philip the Faire The fifth was 'twixt Richard the Second of England and Elizabeth daughter to Charles the Sixth The sixth 'twixt Henry the Fifth of England and Catherin daughter also to Charles the Sixth of France The seventh was 'twixt Lewis the twelfth of France and Mary daughter to Henry the Seventh of England The eighth was this 'twixt Charles Stuard Prince of Wales and Henriette Marie of Bourbon youngest daughter to Henry the Great so in these eight Matches England hath had six daughters of France and France two of Englands As soon as this great Nuptiall pompe was pass'd there came tydings that Soubize upon a new discontent of them of the Religion had a great Fleet of ships at Sea and surpriz'd the Port of Blauet in Britany which is a faire and large Haven deposited to the Spaniard in time of the Ligue and restored to Henry the Great at the peace at Vervins Soubize enterd the Haven with eleven Sayle of men of War and took and carried away six great ships whereof some belong'd to the Duke of Nevers This rendred them of the Religion powerfull at Sea and because their Ships might have choise of harbors they seiz'd upon the Islands of Re and Oleron where they began to fortifie Soubize sayles up the Garond towards Bourdeaux with a Fleet of seventy sayles of all sort which made him Master of the Sea and landing a considerable number of land forces at the land of Medoc they of Bourdeaux joyning with Toiras sent him a shipboard again with losse and so he return'd to Rochell A little after he sets out to Sea again and takes divers prises extremely interrupting all traffic on those Coasts Hereupon the King sent to the Hollander to hyre twenty Sayle of men of War according to the late Treaty which were accordingly sent him under Admirall Hauthain These joyning with another Fleet of the Duke of Monmorency made a considerable naval power Monmorency was very eagar to set upon Soubize and the Rochell Fleet but he found the Hollanders bacward and cold being charm'd by Letters and a Remonstance annexed unto it sent to Hauthain by two French Ministers and two Dutch Merchants from Rochell wherein they made piteous complaint that the King had performed little or nothing at all of the Treaty before Montpellier and that the utter ruine of the whole body of the Religion which was the same with that of Holland was intended therefore they did efflagitat and conjure the said Admiral Hauthain to lay his hand on his heart and conscience and not to contribute to so damnable a dessein This Remonstrance wrought much upon Hauthain and Dorp his Vice-Admiral in so much that he publiquely declar'd unto the Duke of Monmorency that he had Commission in expresse termes from his Masters the States to reduce Monsieur Soubize to his duty either by reason or force that he understood how he was ready to conforme himself to the first and to that effect he and his Brother the Duke of Rohan with other Towns of their party had Deputies employed to the King to desire Peace which was in a good forwardnes
mediat a Peace for them of the Religion and in case of refusall to use certain menaces hereupon he coming to the Army and finding the approches to the said Town were almost finish'd he hastned his addresses to the King for an audience The King referring him to Luynes and desiring that what he had to say might be first imparted unto him he went accordingly to Luynes lodgings and deliver'd his Message so that he reserv'd still the latter part which was menace untill he heard how the busines was relish'd Luynes had hid behind the hangings a Gentleman of the Religion who was upon point of turning Roman that being an earwitnes of what had pass'd between the English Ambassador and Luynes he might relate unto them of the Religion what little hopes they were to expect from the intercession of the King of England The Ambassador and Luynes having mingled some Speeches the language of Luynes was very haughty saying What hath your Master to do with our Actions Why doth he meddle with our affairs Sir Edward Herbert replied It is not to you to whom the King my Master owes an account of his Actions and for Me it is enough to obey Him In the mean time I must maintain that the King my Master hath more reason to do what he pleaseth to do then you have to ask why he doth it Nevertheles if you desire me in a gentle fashion I shall acquaint you further Whereupon Luynes bowing a little said very well The Ambassador answer'd That it was not on this occasion only that the King of Great Britain had desir'd the Peace and prosperity of France but upon all other occasions whensoever any troubles were rais'd in that Countrey And this he said was his first Reason The second was That when a Peace was settled there His Majesty of France might be better dispos'd to assist the Palatin in the affairs of Germany Luynes said We will none of your advices The Ambassador replied That he took that for an Answer and was sorry only that the affection and good will of the King his Master was not sufficiently understood and that since 't was rejected in that maner he could do no lesse then say that the King his Master knew well enough what he had to do Luynes said We are not afraid of you The Ambassador smiling a little replied If you had said you had not lov'd Us I should have beleev'd you and made you another Answer In the mean while all I will tell you more is That We know very well what we have to do Luynes hereupon rising a little from his chaire with a fashion and a countenance much discompos'd said By God if you were not Monsieur l' Ambassadeur I know very well how I would use you The Ambassador herewithall rising also from his chaire said That as he was his Majesties of Great Britains Ambassador so he was also a Gentleman and that his sword whereon he laid his hand should do him reason if he took any offence After which Luynes replying nothing the Ambassador went on his way towards the doore to which when Luynes seem'd to accompagny him the Ambassador told him that after such language there was no occasion to use ceremony and so departed expecting to hear further from him But no message being brought him from Luynes he did in poursuance of his instructions demand audience of the King at Cognac St. Iean d' Angely being now rendred who granting it where he did in the same termes and upon the same motives Mediat a Peace for them of the Religion and receiv'd a far more gentle Answer from the King The Marshall de Saint Geran coming to Sir Edward Herbert told him in a friendly maner you have offended the Constable and you are not in a place of surety here whereunto he answer'd That he held himself to be in a place of surety wheresoever he had his sword by him Luynes little resenting the affront he receiv'd from Sir Ed. Herbert got Cadenet his brother Duke of Chaune with a ruffling train of Cavaliers neer upon a hundred whereof there was not one as Cadenet told King Iames but had kild his man in duel Ambassadour extraordinary to England a little after who misreporting the clash 'twixt Sir Ed. Herbert and Luynes prevaild so far that Sir Ed. Herbert was presently revok'd to answer the charge that should be laid against him In the mean time the Earl of Carlile that dexterous Courtier was employ'd extraordinary Ambassador to France for accommodating le mal entendu which might arise 'twixt the two Crowns Carlile was commanded to inform himself of the truth of the businesse afore mention'd and he could meet with no relation but what Luynes had made himself wherein more affronting and haughty expressions were laid to Sir Ed. Herberts charge then had truly pass'd for though the first provocation came from Luynes yet the Ambassadour kept himself within the bounds both of his instructions and honor but as my Lord of Carlile was ready to send this mis-information to England the Gentleman formerly spoken of who stood behind the hangings came to the Earl of Carlile and said that he ow'd so much unto truth and honor that he could doe no lesse then vindicat Cavalier Herbert from all indiscretion and unworthines and thereupon related the true circumstances of the businesse The Earl of Carlile being thus rectified in the knowledge of the truth gave account to King Iames accordingly who cleer'd Sir Ed. Herbert and resolv'd to renvoy him Ambassador to France whereof he having notice kneel'd to the King before the Duke of Buckingham and humbly desired that since the busines was public in both Kingdoms he might in a public way demand reparation of M. Luynes for which purpose he beseech'd his Majesty that a Trumpeter if not a Herald might be sent on his part to M. de Luynes to tell him That he had made a false relation of the passages before mentioned and that Sir Ed. Herbert would demand reasons of him with sword in hand on that point the King answering that he would take it into consideration Luynes a little after died and Sir Edward was again sent Ambassador to France But to return to our former road besides those places formerly mentioned the Towns Suilly Merac and Caumont were also taken for the King but the latter two by the Duke of Mayn Governor of Guyen All Poitou being reduc'd to Royall obedience and setled the King resolv'd to go for Guyen to suppresse the Duke of Rohan and la Force who were in arms and had a considerable Army He left behind the Duke of Espernon with 4000. foot and 600. horse to beleager Rochell and stop the advenues in the interim So he advances to Guyen and divers places in the way open'd their gates unto him till he came to Clairac where he found a tough resistance He lost before the Town the great Lord of Thermes and sundry persons of quality besides