conditioned men to be his witnesses that he had incensed the Lord Deputy himselfe to his destruction that he had laine in wait for his life and not truely or sincerely to haue deliuered his answers to the Queene And truely the Marshall was altogether beleeued about the Court till such time as the Earle Tir-Oen hauing sent Letters into England proffered to come to his triall either in England or Ireland Yet on the other side certaine it is that the Earle had made a League with the Nobility of Vlster very secâ—etly to defend the Romish Religion for Religion was the onely cloaâ—e time afforded for warre and to shut out the Sheâ—â—ffes and all that lay in Garrison within their Territories to defend mutually their owne Rights and propell the Englishmens iniuries The next after O-Donell that encreased the rebellion was Mac-Guir a Nobleman who was thrust out as farre as Fermanagh for his more easier practise Hee was a man of a troublesome spirit and contentious who much complained that he was too much molested and troubled and vndeseruedly by the Sheriffe of that County Wherefore he rushed out preying on his neighbours grounds he enters Conaught hauing Gaurâ—n a Priest accompanying him whom the Pope had created Primate of Ireland This Gauran still egged him on to try his fortune and trust to the helpe of God assuring him that there could be no doubt of victorie But yet it fell out otherwise for by the valour of Richard Bingham Mac-Guiâ— was put to flight and his Primate and many more slaine Hereupon Mac-Guir breakes out into an open rebellion whom Tir-Oen persuing out of a counterfeit officiousnesse receiued a great wound to the praise both of his valour and loyalty Dowdall an Englishman and a valiant Commander beset tooke Iâ—eskelline neere the Lake Erne which was Mac-guirs best and strongest fortresse wherein he slew most that lay at Garrison in it And at that time were the pure Irishmen first chosen to be Commanders and put into Bands who being alwaies disloyall to the English made most thinke it then most vnprouidently done which truely they all found afterward indeed In the meane time the Earle of Tir-Oen keeping a watchfull eye ouer his owne affaires now began to challenge to himselfe the Title of O-Neale in comparison whereof the very Title of Caesar is base in Ireland by reason that Turlogh Lenigh was newly dead who before bore that Title forgetting his oath and promised faith to the Queene and paine of treason Yet it seemes hee forgot it not but would excuse it that hee onely did challenge it to himselfe to preuent others that likely else would doe so much And at last hee promiseth to renounce and disclaime all his right to it but yet earnestly desires that he be not bound thereto by any oath Presently after that he surpriseth one or two of Shan O-Neales sonnes that either by their own craftâ—nesse or some others conâ—iuence had escaped out of prison fearing leâ—t they might be a hinderance vnto him for he well knew in what esteeme they were amongst their owne and how easily they might bee able to crush all his pâ—ots and practises whatsoeuer Therefore when hee was expresly commanded by the Lord Deputy to set them at liberty hee still refused it onely complaining grieuously of the ill will of the Lord Deputy towards him the treachery of the Marshall and the iniuries of them that lay in Garrison yet he so couertly boâ—â— all this as that as if he had forgotten it all he came and professed obedience vnto the Depâ—ty giâ—ing his faith for security thereof and so in an humble submission returned home againe THE SEVEN and thirtieth Yeere OF HER REIGNE Anno Domini 1594. THe Queene perswaded her selfe that she could easily quench this young and modest rebellion that scarce durst shew it selfe in Ireland if that once she had but weakened a little that apparant and open faction in Scotland Wherefore hauing beene asked her counsell by the King of Scotlâ—â—d what she thought of the Decrees made by the States of Scotland for the preseruation of Religion and the peace of the Kingdome She sendeth Edward Lord Zouch into Scotland that he might confirme the Peeres of the English partie in their obedience and exact greater seuerity against those of the Spanish then that which the Decree ordained Since that it was most certainly confirmed that they had beene at Masse that they harboured Iesuites and Priests that they had sent blancks ouer into Spaine with their hands and seales thereto And â—ince that euen the Spaniard was now in contemplation and very neere practise of inuading England by Land-forces through Scotland which before he could not by Sea with all his inuincible Nauy The King made answer thereunto that he would vse all seuerity against the Papists that the Statutes of the kingdome could allow and that if they being giuen warning to shall not obey he would pursue them till such time that he should bring them into order or driue them out of the kingdome if so be that the Queene whom it concerned as much as himselfe would ioyne with him Zouch being somewhat peremptory in vrging seuere persecution of the Papists for indeed some of the zealous Ministers of Scotland continually suggested to the Queene that the King dealt more fauourably with Papists then either the necessity of the time would or his owne conscience if it were vpright could suffer him to doe the King demanded whether or no he were vnder any bodies authority or whether his Queene would prescribe him a forme of gouernment that was an absolute King But withall protesting that he would strongly defend his Religion and inuiolably preserue peace and amity with the Queene Yet againe somewhat complaining that Bothwell a most troublesome Rebell should be fostered vp in England since that hee so readily had deliuered to the Queenes hand the Irish Rebell O-Rorke that lurked in Scotland But Bothwell it seemes staid not long lurking in England but againe hee bore vp his rebellious Ensignes against his King and hauing entred Scotland with foure hundred Horse of Borderers of Scotland hee came as farre as Leeth without any impediment or resistance and hauing come thither after the Art of rebellion that colours fowlest deeds with fairest pretences he published this in writing SInce that the true Religion towards God the safety of the King the Honour the Iustice thereof the Commonwealth it selfe and that commodious friendship betweene the Kingdomes of Scotland and England were now in the extremity of danger by reason of some pernitious Counsellours who had crept into the Common-wealth who had suffered Masse-Priests to wander from Village to Village who had giuen ostages to the Low Countries and sent for Spaniards ouer to oppresse both the Religion and the Common-wealth and to breake the League with England That therefore he with the Nobility the Lords and Burgesses ioyned with him had determined out of their
this yeare neither the Carackes set forth for the East Indie nor the American Nauy returned home to Spaine About this time also Edward Squire was called into question a base fellow and one that had beene a common base Scriuener afterwards hauing gotten some office in the Queenes Stables and after that serued vnder Drake in his last voyage taken in the little ship that was then surprised by the Spaniard hee was carried into Spaine and there at last came vnto the knowledge of Walpole an English Iesuite he quickly caused him to be brought into the Inquisition as one that was an Hereticke and at length by continuance of punishments drew the fellow to the faith of the Romish religion Afterwards he dealt with him to try if that hee would dare to doe any thing for his Religions sake that he might be sure hee truely professed it and afterwards after many courses of words as Squire himselfe confessed hee taught him indeed that to take the Earle of Essex away was a meritorious act but that it was farre more necessary to take away the Queenes life Then he shewed what an easie matter it was and as well done as conceiued as free from sin in doing so from danger after it is done if it were but by besmearing the pummell of the Queenes Saddle with poyson where she should lay her hand when she takes horse At length Squire hauing condiscended to this villany the Iesuite bound him by diuers solemne vowes vnder paine of damnation to keepe it secretly and to doe it So that Squire being now instructed to this villany and laden with the promises of euerlasting life tooke his blessing from him and the poyson and withall tooke order that he and another should be sent ouer into Englaâ—d concerning the ransoming of the Spanish Captiues in England that thereby no suspition might be had of him by reason of his returne from Spaine This Squire after his returne a little into England bedawb'd the Queenes pummell of her Saddle with poyson seeming to do somewhat else and praying with a lowd voice for good successe but by Gods mercy the poyson lost his nature as well as Squire his loyalty and had no power to hurt the Queene After all this he went for a Souldier with the Earle of Essex to the Island of Azores and went with him in the same ship to auoide all suspition besmearing also the Earles chaire with poyson which tooke no effect against the Earles life Afterwards returning into England he began to liue securely not suspecting that his Confessor Walpole would euer reueale him But it seemes Walpole either taking it very ill that this matter tooke no effect or else suspecting that Squire triâ—â—ed out all his vowes and mockt him he wholly bends himselfe for a reuenge Certainly there was one sent ouer into England that generally accused Squire of such an intended mischiefe which being of such a great moment Squire being hereupon examined at the first denied it and afterwards being more narrowly demanded in some circumstances and suspecting that now his Confessour had not dealt honestly with him he confessed all concerning Walpoles proposals and his consent and about the poyson laid to the Queenes Saddle But at the iudgment seat afterwards at the gallowes he professed that although he was suborned to this villany by Walpole others that yet he neuer resolued with all his heart to doe it After his death Walpole or one vnder his name set forth a booke wherein hee forswore and bitterly detested all these things which Squire confessed But howsoeuer some of our English runâ— awayes haue beene too much learned to the destruction of many men and their own great disgrace for they haue nourished this dangerous opinion that to murther excommunicated Princes is nothing else but to root out Tares out of the Lords Garden Much about this time were some idle busie-bodies whose onely businesse was to stirre where there was a calme much imployed to breed debate between the Queene and the King of Scotland who scattered rumours that he too much fauoured the Papists and was too much estranged of late from the Queene And to giue some credit to this report there was shewed her Letters sent to the Pope of Rome indited by the viâ—lany of the Kings Secretary and counterfeitly subscribed by the Kings hand and Seale But the Queene not giuing credit to all this report and their confirmation of it reiected these things as all nothing but deuices of wicked men to estrange the affections of all Protestants from him and to reconcile the Papists to him Nay when as this Valentine Thomas a notorious villaine and now condemned for theft required that he might be heard speake a little of a matter of great moment and being set by to speake accused the King of Scotland as ill affected towards the Queene the Queene was so farre from giuing heed to these whisperings that she the more loathed this villanous wretch onely accounting him a wicked calumniator or hired by some to say so to trouble the King of Scotland and her selfe or at the best as one that deuised such a lie thereby thinking to saue his life Yet notwithstanding she commanded the matter to be kept secretly and the villaines life to be repriued a while lest thereby any blemish might be cast vpon the king of Scotlands honour Besides the Queene in the height of these rumours of the King of Scotland sent to the King admonishing him seriously to consider these things VVHether there were any besides her that could doe him more good or more hurt then she could Whether hee knew any that had beene more well-willing to him Whether any one expected lesse from him then she did who indeed desired nothing else then that hee would promote the glory God and not be wanting to himselfe Neither indeed was the king any way defectiue For to disperse the rumour that was raised of him hee caused many men ouer England and Ireland to preach his constancy in Religion his wisedome his iustice his mercy and the rest of his Princely vertues thereby to draw the mindes of the Commonalty to a better perswasion of him There were also bookes written and dispersed that maintained his right of succession to the Realme of England also to informe them that the admittance of him would be beneficiall to both Kingdomes and farre more good then any others intrusion and that for these reasons First that he relies vpon excellent right thereto that he is a King that by ioyning both Kingdomes which hath beene so long desired he will much encrease the glory of both he will â—ull asleepe the warre in Ireland and in Spaine he will cause a liberty of Traffique againe he hath children the props of a Kingdome he hath power and strength enough to defend both him and his and is dearely beloued of all the Christian Princes in the world and then were proposed the lamentable ends not onely of â—surpers
his proceedings began now to aâ—gment his feare to a cautelous suspition lest the Dukes ambitious policy should lay wayt for his life and concluding his owne life and safety out of the necessary murther of the Duke shortly after as he was entring the Arras of his Priuy chamber caused him to be run through and his Brother the Cardinall to be strangled committing the Dukes sonne Cardinall Bourbon and as many of the Leaguers as the danger of those times would licence his enquiry for to the safe custody of close prison And now began a generall confusion to ouerrun the face of all France the disiointed limbes of a compleat Kingdome lept into a variety of rebellion The peopâ—e began at their pleasure to disburthen themselues of their duty to Magistrates to rob the Kings veâ—y Court at Paris Some Cities began to affect and estâ—bâ—ish Democracy others Aristrocracie the rest Oligarchy few or none a Monarchie The villany of this conspiracy hauing now growne ripe for such misery that by striuing to make as it were many Kingdomes they had almost reduced it to none At their next assembly the Leaguers cause a new Seale for the administring the affayres of the Realme to be engrauen arrogating to their ambitious rebellion all Princely Iurisdiction they share amongst it themselues the best fortified places and sometimes whole Prouinces They stop the Reuenewes of the Crowne and recall the Spanish forces out of the Low Countries foure whole Parliaments of France seconding them with their vnanimous suffrages and all the Clergie of the Realme preaching nothing but warre against their owne Souereigne Insomuch that the King turning to the Protestants and they turning from their allegiance caused one Iaques Clement a Monke to murther him The Leaguers although not onely his right of Succession but aâ—so the Kings option on his death bed assured him of the Crowne by a Proclamation banisht Nauarre not more from the Crowne then the Kingdome declaring him guilty of Heresie and of drawing the enemies forces into his owne countrey But although all of them agreed in this to exclude Nauarre yet euery mans priuate engagement could not easily come to an agreement whom they should create King Charles Duke of Maine Brother to the slaine Duke of Guyse thought himselfe most worthy of it because hee had forced the Protestants many times to a great incoÌ„uenience most of their Cities to their ancient obedience Likewise because Cardinall Bourbon being feeble a Priest and now in prison would if he should be elected rather exercise the wits of the French to scoffe and scorne him than their allegiance to reuerence and obey him yet that by making him King they might not onely acknowledge the Right of the familie of the Bourbons to the Crowne but also recall the old Right of the Vncle against the Nephew But the controuersie came not so neare the hope of reconcilement for others preferred the Cardinall of Lorraine or any of his familie that so now at length the ancient Right so long abused by Hugh Capet at first might be restored to the familie Vrging that the Spaniard greatly fauoured that House and that hee would bequeath his daughter to any one that was chosen out thence Others opposed against him the Duke of Sauoy sonne of the daughter of the King of France sonne in law to the King of Spaine a neighbour Prince and as truly couragious as noble The rest nominated Guise by reason of his Grandfather and Fathers seruice done the Realme and the Catholique Religion Neither were there wanting some scattered suffrages for the Spaniard himselfe which flattery would easily haue encreased had there beene any hope of speeding But the maior part pretending a very forme of iustice in the height of a rebellion reflecteth vpon the Cardinall of Bourbon as being one degree neerer to the deceased King than his Nephew Nauarre was and as one that had suffered much in the Catholique cause by whose meanes after an easie deliuerance out of the prison to the Throne they might if not with as much speede yet with more conuenience represse the Reformed Religion than by crauing forraine helps for assistance in that matter This conclusion was cunningly broacht by Mendoza the Spaniards Embassadour who since he perceiued hee could not pleasure his master with his conceited hope of an Immediate election thought to lay here a foundation of reducing by degrees that Kingdome vnder his Dominion So that now amongst these Leaguers and Conspiratours Cardinall Bourbon is proclaimed King and coynes dispersed about in traffique with his inscription of Charles the tenth The Duke of Maine is declared to be Lieutenant Generall of the Crowne of France who presently to bring his office into execution musters all his forces with an intent either to surprise Nauarre proclaimed likewise King of France amongst his confederates at Deepe where he resided or driue him by violence out of France The French King being now reduced to so great streights hauing pitched his campe neere vnto Deepe with as good successe as speed presently dispatched Beauore La Noe-cle and immediatly after Buhie and Bozenuale into England to proffer to the Queene an offensiue and defensiue league and to desire some aide from her The Queene vnwilling to be defectiue to his doubtfull hopes in such a courtesie out of her true zeale to his Religion and fortune mixt with a iealous feare of the reuolting of the Germans and Switzers his stipendiaries who to gaine but the emptie riches of a large promise were likely to endanger their fidelity presently furnisht him with two and twenty thousand pounds of english Gold A somme which either somewhat to the disparagement of his owne estate or more to the true token of his gratitude he ingenuously acknowledged he neuer yet saw paralell'd besides munition and some foure thousand men vnder the conduct of Peregrine Lord Willoughby who after the departure of the Earle of Leicester out of the low countries had in succeeding him purchased no small honor She appointed Sir Thomas Wilford who was also Marshall Sir Iohn Burrough Sir William Drury and Sir Thomas Baskeruile Colonels allotting them a moneths pay before hand who after their arriuall in France behaued themselues both to the Kingdoms and their owne honour The brute of their expected arriuall mingled with the ouerthrow as much against their reason as their hopes which the French King lately gaue the Leaguers at Arques so discouraged the pride of their hopâ—s that the very day before the arriuall of the English they fled from before the King with bagge and baggage The King partly encouraged with this victory the obiect of his wonder as much as ioy and partly with the welcome arriuall of the English began to draw his forces towards Paris where the English and the Switzers attempting that part thereof which lies betweene Saint Marcels gate and the riuer Seine made such a resolute breach through their rampiers and inclosures that hauing
gotten as farre as Saint Victors they esteemed the entrance of the mayne Citie as the last so the least part of the assault The French King whether out of feare of the disabilitie of his forces or of hope that shortly it would yeeld or perswasion that the Duke of Maine would not bid him battaile sounds presently a retreate from Paris and remoues to Estampes leauing the Lord Willoughbie and the English on the way to blocke vp the Leaguers passage till such time that both the Towne and Castle yeelded After this they took Vendosme the same place which with the whole country Henry the Fift of England had formerly giuen to Robert Willoughby Gouernour of Normandy as a sure argument of his loue and the others valour They reduced likewise to their due obedience Caën Alanzon Falais Loux and Honfleure After which time and trauell of aboue fiue hundred miles besides the wearinesse of their Irish service they that suruiu'd returned home to England The chiefe of note that died either by disease or battaile were one Captayne Hunning and Stubs who hauing formerly lost his right hand for writing against the mariage of the Queene with the Duke of Aniou heere lost his life and Sir William Drury one without doubt who had enioyed a longer life if reason could haue preuayled with his passion to haue preserued it For contending with Burroughs a Lords yonger sonne for the vpper â—and against the order of ranking Nobility in England he was slaine by him in a single combat The Queene intended not so speedy a returne of the English and the French King greeued at it hauing had intelligence that the Spaniard lay in wayt for the Kingdome of France for he already through the meanes of Morea Taxie and Bernardine Mendoza got it propounded in the Councell of the Leaguers that to recompence his charges which he had beene at for their assistance they should nominate him the Protectour of the Catholiques in France and confer vpon him the same Prerogatiues that he enioyes in the Kingdome of Naples and Sicily of bestowing by his Delegates all Offices whether Ecclesiasticall or Ciuill The loftinesse of this vndermining request intermingled with the eager promoting of it by Cardinall Caietan the Popes Nuntio came yet so short of their expectation of successe that it occasioned great discontentment in the French themselues whose riper iudgements prompted them to this caution by promoting their Religion not to lose their Reason And as the Queene imploied no small care in establishing Nauarre in the Kingdome of France so had she a long time sought opportunity to contriue a match betweene his sister Katharine and the King of Scotland wisely considering that both of them would stand her in great stead to refell the force of Catholiques and their plots against Protestants but the euent prooued not answerable by reason that her age was of the most and her meanes of the least her brother himselfe likewise being much impouerished by these neuer discontinuing warres The King of Scotland notwithstanding being still vnmarried ceased not very often to sollicite the Queen for her aduice in the choice of a wife who being more slow in answering him then the desire of the Scots although not then reason required gaue occasion to the Scots not only to suspect but euen to vent this suspitioÌ„ in open clamors that the English by their cunning trickes sought to depriue the King both of Honour and Issue thereby conceyting an impunity for the death of his mother and to exclude the Scottish race from succession in England This when the Queene vnderstood shee exhorted the King to choose himselfe a wife and such a one that might well please him not displease the people nor occasion the long amity betweene them to fall into suspition The King of Scots therefore hauing somewhat about a yeere before setled his affection on Anne the daughter of Fredericke the Second King of Denmarke who was also honoured with the Queenes ample commendations this yeere about Iuly contracted himselfe to her by his Proxie the Earle Marshall But shee being shipped for Scotland in the middest of her voyage was driuen backe by a tempest into Norway which so bruised her ships that shee could not in long time put to sea againe The King to the prayse of his Religion as well as his loue about October next passeth to Norway for the Sates of the Kingdome appointed and he himselfe sealed their resolution with a vowe to marry within the compasse of a yeare and there celebrated the marriage where both of them were compelled to stay till next May before their ships necessity and a seasonable opportunitie would licence their departure It was first the opinion of many but afterwards their faith that these tempests at sea were raysed by the execrable power of sorcerers and witches by reason of the violence of the waues and windes that were more turbulent and the stormes shorter and yet oftner than ordinarie whereupon they concluded some operatiâ—e power besides nature partly by reason that euill spirits Princes of the Ayre may with better safety trade with the poore ignorant people in the Northerne clymate from whom partly their pouerty and want of other mens industry hath concealed the light of the Gospel but especially by reason of the open confessions of some Witches that were vpon some occasion apprehended who confessed that they raysed those stormes on purpose to keepâ— the Queene from Scotland and that likewise Bothwel had beene with them to know the Kings fortune This being denounced Treason amongst the Scots by a Law of Queene Marry coâ—t Bothwel a strict imprisonment yet it seemes not so strict but that shortly he brake out from that into worse troubles wherewith all Scotland was annoyed There died this yeere Frances the Countesse of Sussex widow of the Thomas Earle of Sussex and sister to Henry Sidney who hauing giuen many precepts of vertue in her life at her death taught it by example in erecting Sidney Sussex Colledge in Cambridge And Sir Walter Mildmay a man as full of variety of vertues as euer he was of offices yet was hee chosen by Henry the Eigth to bee ouerseeâ— of the Court of Augmentation Knighted by King Edward the Sixt made a Priuy Counsellour by Queene Elizabeth Chancellour of the Exchequer and Subtreasurer He founded Emanuel Colledge at Cambridge in the yeere 1584. endowing it with meanes and reuenewes to mayntayne threescore and two Students and a President Him succeeded Sir Iohn Fortescue an excellent man and a good Grecian who was long time Tutor to the Queene and Master of her Wardrobe Likewise there died William Somerset Earle of Worcester the Sonne of Henry and Nephew of Charles whom his onely Sonne Edward succeeded a man so prosperous in his issue that he might reckon more sonnes and daughters then most Noble men in England There died also Iohn Lord Sturton the sonne of Charles whom Queene Mary
deliuer him vp to his hands if hee lurk't in England since shee could not chuse but esteeme the fauourers and friends of such an enemy as her owne enemies But notwithstanding when Sir Robert Meluill came and demanded Bothwell and monies also for to pursue the rebellious Papists some monies indeed were sent but as for Bothwell it was answered that hee should bee deliuered vp according to the couenants of the former Treatise or banished out of England Now the reason of this vnexpected answer to the King of Scotland might well bee vnknowne when indeed it was no other but because some Scottishmen in England had enueagled the Queene with conceit that the King of Scotland dealt too fauourably with his popish Nobility Bothwell about the same time hauing beene proclaimed Traitor by the States of Scotland returneth secretly home againe and brought into the Kings Chamber by some of his friends vpon a sudden he fell downe at the Kings feet he little dreaming of any such matter and casting his sword on the ground humbly beg'd for mercy by the importunate intercession of many hee obtained it vpon certaine conditions to wit that hee should depart from the presence of the King that he should appeare personally in iudgment of the case of his dealing with witches that if he be absolu'd and quitted of that he should depart the Kingdome and liue any where where it should please the King Yet for all this the day after hee was quitted from his dealing with Witches he by force drew many of the Kings seruants out of the Court till at length his faction grew so potent in the Court that the King for his owne safeties sake and the peace of the Realme was faine not onely to pardon him and all his Pages and Attendants but also to remooue out of the Court the Chancellour the Treasurer the Lord Humes and George Humes whome he esteemed most loyall vnto him But afterwards within a moneth weighing with himselfe to his great discontent how to the indignity of his Maiesty these things had bin extorted from him against all reason he declared in the next assembly of the Nobility of Scotland that they esteemed no better of him than of a Captiue and euen Bothwel's captiue that hee could no longer suffer a subiect that had now thrise waged was within the walls and chamber of his Prince both to triumph ouer him and his seruants who had so well deserued at his hands And hee easily had it granted by the States that they did approoue him a free Prince to exercise his authority and to chuse his Councellors and other Seruants and Officers according to his owne discretion Hereupon he recals to his Court the Chancellour and the rest againe cancelling whatsoeuer before against his will he had granted to Bothwell Yet notwithstanding by reason of his milde nature hee vouchsafed to pardon him and all his complices all their offences and to restore them to their goods if so bee they supplicantly sought for the same vpon condition that quietly they betake themselues home and approach not to the Court except they bee sent for that Bothwell within a limited and appointed time doe depart into some place beyond Sea and continue in set places so long as it shall please the King Hee makes great alteration in the Court in a short time banisheth Bothwell who thinketh still of worser mischiefe towards the King and Kingdome and to that end lay hid lurking still within the confines of the Kingdome Yet for all this was not Scotland yet at quiet for the Clergy men and Ministers tooke it very hainously that the King persecuted not the Papists with fire and sword against whom they themselues made assemblies and without anthority from the King assembled together the Lords and Burgesses to consultation about it to preuent danger that might fall out to the Common-wealth At this time in Germany there came out in print many libels against Queene Elizabeth calumniating her as if shee had incensed the Turke to warre against all the Christian World the letters came forth also which she had sent to the Turke in many places corrupted altered and changed and many malicious calumnies added and feigned on purpose But the Queene hauing sent a messenger to the Emperour so cleerely washed away these calumnies that forthwith the bookes were called in and the Copies of them burnt at Prague for certainely shee tooke all the paines she could for remoouing the Turke from Christendome and the Emperour acknowledged as much Neither surely had she any thing to doe with the Turke but onely to secure her subiects traffique at Turkie to which purpose she had her agent there at Constantinople as the French Polacke Common-wealth of Venice and others had there he Agent did nothing but helpe the businesse of her Merchants traffique and at their owne charges About this time also Shee procured peace betweene the King of Swedon and Muscouy as also between the Turke Sigismond Bathor Vaiuod of Tranâ—iluania For when as the Turke had trespassed beyond his limited bounds and laid taxes vpon them not only beyond the forme and fashion of their league but euen beyond their strength and ability Sigismond by his Embassadour Stephen Kakaze entreated her earnestly to trie what fauour shee could finde in the Turkes Court and interceed for him that nothing might be exacted beyond the ancient order and that nothing might be detracted from his territories and Dominions Which thing since that euen the good of all Christians was interessed therein she vndertooke and prosecuted according to her mercy wherewith she was wont to succour all her distressed neighbours In lower Britaine in France Norris hauing expected still Marshall D'Aumont and also Espinay of Saint Luke who had promised to ioyne forces spent all the winter the last yeare to no purpose in which time a disease consumed many of the English and the Queene was put to the charges of paying euery weeke three thousand and two hundred pounds of English money Indeed about Aprill next following Espinay came and ioyned his forces whereupon Ravendeers troopes were vanquished at Saint Sulpice Guearch surrendred vp and the forces of the Gouernour of Lauall amongst whom most were slaine quite vanquished wherein also Captaine Randolph Bourley and Christmasse couragious English men were all slaine Marshall D'Aumont not as yet drawing downe towards Britaine neither assigning the English a safe place of retyre as was couenanted for gaue the Queene such iust occasion of discontent that she forth with recalled Sir I Norris home againe notwithstanding that Aumont earnestly â—ollicited the Queene by his letters for more forces from England who had so discourteously entertayned these that were so lately sent before But whilst the Queene onely for Religions sake aydes the French King distrusting his owne strength at so great charges and so great troubles of mind as if â—he esteemed his losse her owne behold a most certaine report flies ouer
into England spreading it out that the French King either had embraced or would shortly embrace the profession of the Romish Religion Hereupon Sir Thomas Wilkes is disspatched into France to know the certainty and if as yet he had not altered his Religion to disswade him by forceable reasons contained in writing But before he came the King had made a publike profession of the Roman Catholike Religion at S. Dennis although notwithstanding euen some Papists at that very time lay in waight for his life The King ingeniously layd open to Wilkes the motiues of his conuersion thus VVHen first said he I was chosen King of France I tooke a solemne oath that at a set time I would be instructed in the Romish Catholike Religion neither was I admitted King vpon any other condition I haue deferred this my instruction in that Religion this full foure yeares neither but against my will I haue now condescended to it The King my Predecessour being taken away I was necessarily to retaine the same Counsellours and Seruants and by their voices being the major part haue things so beene carried that all my consultations against the Leaguers haue beene snatcht vp by them and neuer came to a prosperous successe Those that were Protestants and of my Counsell were seldome or neuer there being more then was needfull intending onely their owne affaires insomuch that I was quite forsaken euen of those in whom I put my confidence and fearing also lest that I might be forsaken by the Papists too I was necessarily glad to subscribe to their determinations and counsels I doe most solemnly protest that assoone as I was called to the Crowne eight hundred Noblemen and nine Regiments of Protestants returned home neither could I detaine them by any reason insomuch that I had not any but euen my houshold seruants of my Bed-chamber The Papists when they saw me forsaken euen of my own side began to domineere a little vrge me to an alteration of my religion saying that Catholikes cannot with a safe conscience obey an Heretike Yet I still prolonging it from day to day so delayed time till that seeing my owne weaknesse who being but relieued with a few supplies from my friends being vnequal to the Popes Spaniards and the Leaguers forces was faine to yeeld especially finding a third faction on foot betweene the Princes of the bloud-Royall the Officers of the Kingdome the Prelates and most of the Nobility who had entred into a consultation with the Gouernours of most Prouinces and Cities of my Kingdome to forsake me vtterly as one of a most hereticall naughtinesse and to share my Prouinces amongst them man by man And when my necessity afforded me no meanes of preuention for this vndertaken counsell I passed my word I would be conformed to the Roman-Catholike Religion They allowed me one or two moneths to conforme my selfe sending to Rome for my Absolution The Leaguers to preuent this made all possible speed to the election of another King many vowed their endeauour to enthrone Guize in my seate vpon condition that the places of Office that they did enioy might be assigned to them for euer and to their Heires Therefore with good deliberation haue I embraced the Romish Religion yet the Prelates refused to admit me into the Church without the aduice of the Pope of Rome till that I hardly perswaded them to admit of my conuersion without any information disputation or debating And by this meanes I haue throughly ioyned to my selfe the third faction preuented the election of Guize purchased the good will of my people and bound the Duke of Tuskany to me perpetually besides I haue saued the Reformed Religion from danger of burning which would necessarily haue followed if that my conuersion had beene brought to passe by Informations Disputations or Debates These things in the meane time Morlant certifieth the Queene of colouring what the King had done with very faire words but she much grieuing at it and discontented in minde hauing snatcht her Pen presently sent him a Letter much after this manner ALas what griefe what flowing sorrow what heauy groanes haue I endured in minde in hearing this newes from Morlant O the faith of men Is this an age could it be that worldly respects should put the feare of God from before thee can we possibly expect an happy end of these things couldst thou imagine that he that hath so long defended thee and preserued thee should now forsake thee certainly it is dangerous to doe ill that good may come thereon Then let some better spirit put thee in a better minde In the meane time I will not cease to commend thee in my prayers to God and earnestly beseech him that the Hands of Esau spoile not the Blessing of Iacob That you doe esteeme so well of our friendship I thinke I haue deserued it at a good rate neither would it haue repented me had you not changed your Father Certainly I cannot hereafter be your Sister by the Fathers-side But I will alwaies loue mine owne Father dearer then a counterfeit one as God himselfe knowes who in his good time bring you to a better path and a sounder iudgement Subscripsit Vostre Seur si ce soit à la vieille mode auec â—ouuelle je n'ay que faire ELIZABETHA R. In this her trouble she onely found ease and solace from the holy Scriptures the writings of holy Fathers often conferences with the Archbishop and euen sometimes out of the Philosophers she drew comfort For certainly I know that at that time she was very conuersant in the Booke of Boëtius and that she then translated it into English Amongst these things Wilkes certified the French King that he was nothing so good as his word in the affaires of Britaine that this lingring of Marshall D' Aumont was very hurtfull to his Mistresse the Queene both in regard of the losse of her Souldiers and the expences of her money and that it was as vnprofitable to him himselfe that the Queene would not encrease the number of her men in Britaine except there were some place of repose allotted for them The King laying the fault altogether vpon the negligence of Marshall D' Aumont promised to heale all such incommodies and prouide a place for the Queenes Souldiers Also hee gaue the Queene to vnderstand these things by Mouie a Gentleman of his Bed-chamber commending health and happinesse vnto her acknowledging that hee is beholding to her for his kingly honour promising withall that assoone as businesses were compassed at home and a truce made that he would march with his Army into Britaine In the meane time there is an agreement made between the Queene and him at Mellun in August vnder their hands and seales in good faith and the word of a Prince that with ioâ—nt forces the shall warre against the Spaniard both with offensiue and defensiue warre as long as hee shall warre against either of them
from Blanch the first-borne of the said Elenor and this both Rodericke Archbishop of Toledo booke nine chapt fiue And Pope Innocent who should better be beleeued that liued in the same time denie as false Fourthly Because she was descended of Beatrice the Daughter of Henrie the third King of England and in the meane time they forget that she had Brothers two Edward the first King of England and Edmund Earle of Lancaster from whom besides those of the Royall Family sprang a whole nation of Nobles in England Fiftly They deriue this right of the Infanta from the Portugall Familie as also from Philip the Daughter of Iohn of Gâ—unt Duke of Lancaster whom they say was the first-borne by his former wife Blanch when as for all this Frossard that liued at the same time at Court in 169. page of the second part demonstrates vnto vs that Elizabeth married to Iohn Holland who was afterwards Duke of Exâ—tâ—r was the first-borne But we haue sufficiently refelled these Genealogicall phantasies which were bred out of the vaporous crudities of treacherie wherewith that Booke much aboundeth But yet cannot but wonder that these men should be so vnmindfull of their owne profession scorning both the authority of the Councell of Trent concerning auoiding all secular affaires and occasions as also of the Toletan Councell and their own Lawes but the very last yeare at Rome newly reuiued onely to curry fauour with the Spaniard to abuse simple men to strew the way for tumultuous insurrections to prouidâ— Ladders for the ambitious though to their owne ruine and to offer violent haâ—ds to the Truth making their Religion the cloake for all their â—reason Nay in the conceit of this new made Right of the Infanta some of them went so farre on that they compelled the English Priests in their Spanish Seminaries to subscribe to this Right of the said Infanta if we may euen beleeue themselâ—es that related it These things whatsoeuer Parsons the lesuite thought they would effect yet after all failed and that Iames of Scâ—tland was proclaimed King of England after the death of the Queene then hee stroue to excuse the matter in Letters to most of his Friends as if so be that those words in his Book against the right of the King of Scotland had not beene spoken of him out of any ill will or desire any way to hurt the King but onely out of an earnest desire he had to bring the King to the profession of the Roman Caâ—holike Religion also he thought that it would serue well enough for his excuse that those iniuries hee offered the King were not preiudiciall to him because they tooke no effect But whilest these Turne-coats faine to themselues a false Hâ—ire in Spaine God that laughed at their deâ—ises raised vp to Iames of Scotland the true Heire a Sonne that might also haue beene his heire For on the 19. of February was borne to him Henry Prince of Scotland the loue and delight of Britaine whom Queene Elizabeth in an â—onourable Embassage by Robert Earle of Sussex was Godmother to Now as the learned sort of our English 〈…〉 studied to enthroane the Spanish Infanta in the 〈◊〉 of Englâ—nd by their writings So some of them tooke the nearer way of murther hauing sent ouer priuy murthâ—reâ—s to 〈◊〉 â— way the Queene The Spaniards on the other side they 〈◊〉 with poyson but much suspecting the truth of the English thinking the Nation affoorded none so cruell against â—is Princesse they made vse of Roderike Lopez a Iewish Sâ—ctary and a Houshold Phisitâ—on â—o the Queenes Court and 〈…〉 of him but also of Sâ—â—phan Fâ—rreira Gama and Emanuel Lowise Portugalls for at that time many Portugalls vnder the pretence of their banished Anthony crept here into England They hauing beene apprehended by reason of some of their Letters that were intercepted and being accused towards the latter end of February both confessed that they conspired to make away the Queene by poyson Lopez being of a well-tried honesty and neuer suspected confessed voluntarily that he was thereunto induced by Andrada a Pâ—rtugall to doe so much seruice to the King of Spaine that also he had receaued from Don Christophâ—ro de Moro one of his intimatest Counsellours a very pretious Iewell who as fast as he could learne any thing from him still enformed the Spaniard of it till at last the agreement was made and for 50000. Crownes he promised to poyson the Queene and that he had certified the Conde de Fuentes and Ibarra Secretary to the Spaniard in the Low Countries as much as that came too Stephano Ferreira confessed that the said Câ—nde de Fâ—entes and Iâ—arra had certified him indeed both by Letters and Colloquies that they were putting their counsell in practise of taking away the Queene by poyson that he himselfe wrote Letters as Lopez dictated them wherein he promiseâ— to do it for 50000 Crownes he confessed also that Emmanuel Lowise was sent ouer from the said Conde de Fuentes to hasten Lopez to make an end of the matter Emmanuel confessed that hauing taken oath to conceale all his counsell Conde de Fuentes shewed him Letters which Andrada the Portugall had wrote in Lopez's name concerning the making of the Queene away also that now he was sent from him that he should deale with Ferreira and Lopez about the hastning the Queenes death also to promise both money to Lopez and preferment to all his children Lopez brought forth said but little but that Ferreira and 〈◊〉 were nothing but composed of deceit lying that he neuer thought any hurt against the Queene but alwaies hated the gift of that Spanish Tyrant that hee gaue to the Queene the Iewell sent him by the Spaniard that hee neuer intended more then to deceiue the Spaniard and cousen him of his money The rest said nothing for themselues but continually accused Lopez so that they were all three condemned and within three moneths after hanged at Tyburne Lopez still professing that hee loued the Queene as well as Christ Iesus which being spoken by a Iew as it was was but onely laughed at by the people The day after these were condemned one Patricke Culline an Irish Fencer also was condemned and one that being burdened with great promises and hauing money for his trauaile by the way giuen him by the turne-coats in the Low Countries promised to kill the Queene he his fault being in a manner knowne and proued by some tokens and signes being ready to die with fainting suffered the like punishment as those before Then also were apprehended Edmund Yorke and Richard Williams both hired to kill the Queene by Ibarra and suborned to that also by the turne-coates in the Low Countries and more incendiaries also to set the Queenes Nauie on fire with balles of wild-fire Thus did these miscreant English turne-coates as well Priests as others on the one side conspire the death of the Queene out of an vngodly
themselues The Spanish side would not admit thereof as being reiected by the King of Spaine thinking it also now a great preiudice to their honour if that if onely but by reason they were but guests among them the chiefe place were not granted to them by reason that they came to a towne of the French Kingdome which they would neuer haue done had it not beene to shew their obseruancy and respect to the Bishop of Rome and the Legate that represents him At length the Popes Legates much striuing in the matter it was agreed vpon that he should sit at the vpper end of the board and the Popes Nuncio should sit by him on the right hand then this choyce was giuen to the French whither or no they would sit nearest the Nuncio on the right hand or the Legate on the left The French they chose the left as nearest to the Legate The Spanish side willingly tooke the right hand because they thought it the best and because the Nuncio was none of the number of the Delegates and thereby they thought they sufficiently maintained the honour of their King For if so be that Caligarton the Generall of the Franciscan Friers who had chosen the lowest part of the boord out of his humility the badge of his profession who tooke great paines in this businesse had beene preferred before them and set on the left-hand neerest to the Legate they had determined to protest publikely and aloud that they knew well enough the place fitting for a Catholique King also that they would defâ—nd the same if they had beene delegated from the Catholique King but since they were onely Delegates for the Arch-Duke who would not equall himselfe with the most Christian King of France and that since in their Letters of Protection which they haue receiued from the most Christian King they were onely stiled the Delegates for the Arch-Duke they said they would willingly giue place to the French For the Spaniard prouidently carefull to maintaine his owne honour had resigned authority ouer to the Arch-Duke whereby he might delegate others for the matter that so the Spaniard himselfe might not immediately come to contend with the French for superiority which was worse for him to maintaine then a warre Assoone as the businesse was composed and the Charters of the Delegation on both sides exhibited the French tooke it very â—einously that in that of the Arch-dukes there was no mention of the Queene of England bâ—ing that there was of the Duke of Sauoy And the answer was that she was comprehended vnder the number of confederates but when this little contented the French they were faine to pretend this reason that she was alwaies an enemy to the King of Spaine and that euen at this present time she did molest him with a Nauy And yet all their pretences could not quiet the French till such times as they passed their faith that the Spaniard should try to make peace with her if she gaue but any hopes thereof vnto him The French King hauing how concluded this Peace although he was most famous for warlike glory yet now setled all his desires vpon quietnesse whereby he so rowzed vp the affaires of France which had beene for many yeares ouerwhelmed in ciuill warres both by assisting the Romane Religion and the Reformed by restoring ancient rightes by fostering of good learning by recalling Traffiques and by adorning the Kingdome with stately edifices that he far surpassed all the Kings of France before him as in misery lately so now in glory insomuch that he bare the name of Henry the great The Queene now more inwardly hauing a care of her own estate sent Sir Francis Vere ouer to the States to know of them whither or no they would condâ—scend to a Treaty with Spaine if not what they would bestow on the warre also earnestly to deale with them to repay those monies and charges which she had beene at for their sakes And in the meane time there was great disceptation in England whither or no to conclude a peace with the Spaniard were commodious either to the Queene or the Realme They that were desirous of peace vsed these and the like perswasions thereto First That a peace besides that that it is both pleasant and holesome would now take away that aspersion that is cast vpon the English as disturbers of the whole world as if so be that they thought themselues happy in other mens calamities and secure by others dangers Secondly That the Queene would be thereby more secure from forreigne practises Thirdly That an end of the cost and charges of warre against the Spaniard and Archâ—Duke would be thereby made Fourthly That the rebellion in Ireland would soone be lull'd asleepe when they should once perceiue no helpe would come to them out of Spaine Fiftly That Traffiques would be better and oftner vsed to the profit of Prince and people Sixtly That Spaine that lately was so fruitfull to the English Merchants would be open againe to them where they might exchange away Corne for Gold and Siluer Seuenthly That thereby the Emperours Proclamation against English Merchants would be reuoked Eightly That the danger of tumults at home and often taxes tributes and pressing of Souldiers would be thereby taken away Ninthly That the League of Burgundy would be renewed Tenthly That they need feare nothing then from the French Eleauenthly That England might take breath thereby and heape wealth together against future fortunes Twelfthly That thereby the credit and estimation of the Queene would be well prouided for in that she in An. 1585. when the States offered her the dominion of the Low Countries publikely and in print protested that by ayding the Low Country-men she meant nothing but their liberty and the peace and security of England For if so be that then it seemed great wisedome as the times then were to aâ—â—ist them and great equity to refuse the dominion and gouernment of so many Prouinces for the bearing of her charges in the warre certainly now would it seeme great indiscretion to pursue warre when that peace is offered on the one side by the Spaniard and nothing by them that so greatly desire the warre Besides that these things ought to be considered whither or no England were of sufficiency enough to wage warre in Ireland the Low Countries and elsewhere against Spaine Then whither or no by this nourishing of a warre there would be hope of bringing the Spaniard to better and more reasonable articles and conditions then now were proposed and that then it was most exactly to be considered since without doubt it was most conuenient for the English to haue an offensiue warre for woe to them that defend at home in what place they should haue it whither or no in the Sea coasts of Spaine or Portugall and then that indeed the Townes therein might be taken and ransacked with easie paines but not be retained but with great charges and
of Ostend 340. his successe there 342 Vendosme taken by the English 24 Verdune heretofore belonging to the Empire of Germany 36 Veruins the Treaty there 208 Saint Victors in Paris 23 Vigo a Towne fired by the English 16 Villa-Franca taken by tâ—e English 185 Villars Gouernour of Roan challenged to a single combate by the Earle of Essex 69 Vitruvius his obseruation about diseases in Armies 17 Vmpton the Queenes Leaguer in France 127. he dyeth there 171 Vniuersity founded by the Queene at Dublin 62 W WAlton bringeth in euidence against Sir Iohn Perot 68 Wallop Treasurer of the Army in Ireland 142 Walsingham a hinderer of Caermardine in the businesse of the Custome-House 31. he dyeth 37 Warwicke dieth 37 Weston a Priest alias Burgesse 4 Wentworth Lord Wentworth dyeth 40. another Lord Wentworth dyeth 92 Willoughby sent ouer into France with Forces to aide the King 23. sometimes Gouernour of Normandy 24 Wilford one of the Colonels of the English in France 23 Wingfield Gouernour of Geertrudenbergh 11. hee assaults the base Towne at Groine 12. dyeth 108 Wilkes sent Embassadour into France 86. he dieth in France 203 Westmerland a factious Earle 42 Wiginton a Minister one of Hackets confederates 49 Whitaker of Cambridge dyeth 140 Williams passeth ouer to Deepe with 600. English 45. his braue behauiour in France ibid. his challenge ibid. his commendations to the Queene 70 Wilmot made President of Corke 352 Williams sometimes Secretary to Sir Iohn Perot one of his chiefe accusers and informers 68 Williams a Traitour apprehended 105. executed 122 Wolley dâ—legated in the cause of Sir Iohn Perot 67 Worthington a fugitue Diuine 106 Whitfield Chancellour of Denmarke his Embasie into England 193. Delegated by the King to Embden 284 Wray Lord chiefe Iustice dyeth 76 Warham St. Leiger slayeth Mac-Guire 255 Walpole maketh Squire vndertake to poison the Queene 227. he is accused for it by Squire at his execution 228. he writeth a booke wherein he for sweares the matter ibid. Y YAxley A famous Commander in the battaile of New-port 281 Yorke sent ouer to the King of France 43 Yurie in France the Leaguers discomfited there 34 Yuecot in France the Leaguers there discomfited 76 Yorke a Traitour apprehended 105. he is executed 122 Z ZAnziber the place where Lancaster wintered 59 Zeile thither came Lancaster also ibid. Zelanders the Queene offended with them and wherefore 32 Zouch sâ—nt Embassadour into Scotland 96 Zutphen Fort recouered by Sir Francis Vere 168 FINIS AN APPENDIX CONTAINING ANIMADVERSIONS VPON SEVERALL PASSAGES CORRECTIONS OF sundry errours and Additions of some remarkable matters of the History neuer yet imprinted RObert Bruce a Priest Whether or no hee were a Priest is somewhat vncertain but which giues some probability to the matter certaine it is hee had his education vnder the Iesuites beyond Sea and the occasion of his comming to Scotland was in this wise Philip King of Spaine presently after the death of Mary Queene of Scots in England willed the Duke of Parma the Gouernour of his Forces in the Low Countries in his name to promise to the King of Scots both money and munition good store if so be he would attempt the Queene of England and her Dominions to reuenge the death of his Mother the Queene of Scots The Duke of Parma to effectâ— this businesse sends ouer this Robert Bruce or Brusse a Scottish man by birth and of a Noble Family with great summes of monies the better to quicken his purposes It chanced that at the very same time by the appointment of Sixtus Quintus Bishop of Rome the Bishop of Dublin also was dispatched ouer thither to promise to the King of Scots the Infanta of Spaine in marriage if so be he would but change his Religion and turne Catholique But the Bishop by reason of the faithfull loyalty and industry of the Chancellour Metellan to whom the King owed the preseruation of himselfe and Kingdome from destruction being frustrated of his hopes returned home againe with little thankes for his labour Amongst those whom he retained at the time of his comming ouer was one William Creicton a Iesuite and a Scottish man too who had heretofore beene Rector of the College of the Iesuites at Leiden who seeing his Bishop come short of his expectation determined to stay behinde himselfe to see what hee could doe with some of his friends there The first whom euer he broke withall concerning his minde was this Robert Brusse whom he would faine haue perswaded to haue murthered the Chancellour of Scotland who as he said alone nullified and dispersed all their plots and machinations Brusse being startled with the horrour of so â—oule a deed absolutely denied to consent thereunto as a cruell and vnconscionable demand Afterwards the King and the Chancellour both being inuited to a Banquet by a Nobleman of Scotland but much addicted to the Romish Religion this same Creicton assailes Robert Brusse againe that if so be he himselfe would not doe the businesse he would giue him some of the Duke of Parma's money to giue to the Nobleman where the Banquet was to tempt him to the fact But Brusse also denied that alleaging that he had other businesse to doe there with the monies and also that if it should be done it would be a great scandall and disgrace to them and occasion of their greater feare After many other passages the Iesuite Creicton at last was very instant with the said Brusse if so be hee would haue no hand in the businesse to deliuer to him the fifteene hundred Crownes which hee receiued of the Duke of Parma to distribute amongst three of the Scottish Nobility that should vndertake and effect the businesse by which meanes all scandall and feare should be remooued from them as hauing nothing to doe in so foule a murther But Brusse was very loath also to condiscend euen to that esteeming it an equall â—inne to commit one or hire another to a murther Insomuch that at last after the death of the Duke of Parma He accused this Brusse for a Traitour because indeed hee would not commit treason whereupon poore Brusse was imprisoned for fourteene moneths and had much adoâ— aâ— last to regaine his liberty They that desire information in more particular circumstances may aduice with Lodouicus Lucius where they may haue the story at large in these words dilated on Rex Hispaniarum Philippus haud diiâ— post mortem Mariae Regiâ—â— Scotorum Duci Parmensi Gubernatori suo in Belgio mandâ—rat vt suo nomine Regi Iacobo Scotiae pecunias exercitum adversus Reginâ—m Angliae promittereâ— quo facilius Matris mortem ulciâ—ei possâ—â— â—â de causâ Parmensis Nobilem Scotum Robertum de Brusse qui â— iuventute apud Iesuit as educatus fuerat in Scotiam multa cum pecunia ablegauit Eodem tempore advenit etiam in Scotiam jussu Sixâ—i Quinâ—i Ponâ—â—â—ieis is Romani Dublini Episcopus qui Infantem Hispanicam Scotiae Regi in matrimonium offerret
detected ibid. The Earles of Essex and Southampton arraigned ibid. The principall heads of their Inditements ibid. Laid open at length by the Queens Lawyers 〈◊〉 Yeluerton and Sir Edward Coke 312 The Earle of Essex's reply 313 He excuseth his iniuries done to the Lords of the Councell 314 The layes open the iniuries done to himselfe ibid He extenuates the testimony of Sir Ferdinando Gorge 315 The Earle of Southampton defends his ownâ— cauâ—e ibid. Certaine cases propounded to the Iudges 316 The Earle of Essex much accuseth his aduerâ—aries ibid. Sir Francis Bacon remoues the accusation ibid. The Earle of Essex interrupteth him in his speech and accuseth Secretary Cecill 317 Cecill comes forth out of a little Closet where he stood to answer to the Earles obiections ibid His speech to the Earle of Essex ibid. The Lord Knolles sent for to the Iudges to decide the matter 318 Cecill inueigheth against the Earle of Essex ibid. Southampton againe excuseth himselfe ibid. Thâ— Iudges opinion concerning the protestation of both the Earles 319 The Earles are both found guilty of treason by the Peeres 320 The Earle of Essex's speech at the pronunciation of sentence ibid. The sentence pronounced both against the Earle of Essex and Southampton 321 Others also are arraigned about that businesse ibid. The Earle of Essex desires to speake with some of the Lords of the priâ—y Câ—â—â—cell 322 He accuseth Cuffe as the author of all his treachery 323 The Earle reueals more that knew of the conspiracy ibid. He is brought out to executiou in the Tower yard 324 He is beheaded 325 His commendation his stocke and Ancestors 326 His Wife and Issue 327 Blunt Danuers Dauis Mericke and Cuffe arraigned ibid. Blunt's examination and what he confessed 328 Danuers what he answered for himselfe 329 And Dauis for himselfe ibid. The arraignment of Cuffe with the particulars thereof 330 Cuffe what he aâ—swered for himselfe 331 The arraignment of Sir Gill. Mericke with the particulars thereof 332 What Sir Gill. Mericke said for himselfe ibid. Sir Christopher Blunt and Charles Danuers request to be beheaded ibid. Cuffes execution at Tiburne and his confession there 333 Merickes execution there also 334 Blunt and Danuers beheaded on Tower-hill ibid. The confession of Sir Christopher Blunt 335 Sir Henry Neuill committed vpon suspition 336 The punishment of Daniel an Impostor of the Earle of Essex's Letters 337 The Queenes answere to the Embassadors of Scotland ibid. Gallies first prepared 339 The States thinke how to subdue Flanders ibid. They are preuented by the Arch-Duke ibid. Sir Francis Vere made Gouerâ—our of Ostend 340 The description and scituation of Ostend ibid. A parley with the Archduke about yeelding of Ostend 341 Vere being supplied with prouision breakes it off ibid. He resigneth vp his Office into the hands of the States 343 The chiefest Englishmen that died at the Siege ibid. Marshall Birone sent ouer into England 344 A Parliament assembled at Westminster ibid. Monopolies restrained 345 The Queenes speech to some of the Lower House about them ibid. The death of the Earle of Pâ—mbroke 346 And of the Lord Norris ibid. And of the Lord Willoughby 347 A Proclamation against transporting mony into Ireland ibid. Deliberation about altering the Coine in Ireland ibid. The Souldiers pay altered without any tâ—mult or mutiny 348 The Lord Deputy sets on towards the Rebels ibid. And Sir Henry Docwray in other parts 349 The English surprize Donegall Monastery ibid. Rumors concerning the approaching of the Spaniard at Munster drawes the Lord Deputy backâ— againe 350 Ballashanon is seized on ibid. President Carew surprizeth the titular Earle of Desmond and send both him and Florence Mac-Carty ouer into England 351 He makes preparation against the Spaniard ibid. He informeth the Lord Deputy of the affaires 352 A consultation whether or no the Deputy shoâ—ld enter Mounster without his Forces ibid. The Spanish Forces land in Ireland ibid. The reasons of their comming published 353 The English beset them 353 The Spaniards driuen out from Rincurran Castle ibid. Tir-Oen commeth into Mounster 354 The Rebels determine to bring their Forces intâ— the towne 355 The English hinder them ibid. The Rebels retire and the Eâ—glish persue them ibid. An earthquake in London the 24. of December 356 The Rebels pâ—t to flight ibid. The commodities of that victory 357 The Spaniards desire a parley ibid. Articles about their yeelding 358 They depart out of Ireland ibid. Anno M.DC.II DVnboy Castle assaulted by the President 360 The Rebels reduced into order ibid. Bishop O-Hegan slaine 361 A Nauy dispatcht to the Spanish shâ—re ibid. The Galâ—ies and Carackes set vpon in the Hauen of Cezimbra ibid. A Caracke and Gallies are set vpon 362 The Gallies are put to flight ibid. Some of them taken ibid. A parley ibid. They yeeld 363 The râ—st of the Gallies are for Flanders ibid. They light vpon the Queenes ships 364 They skirmish ibid. Their Gallies vanquished 365 A treaty at Bremen with the Danes ibid. They complaine of too much Tribute paid for passing the Sounds ibid. Their demands 365. A controuersie discussed about the freenesse of the Sea 366 The treaty breakes 367 Disagreements betweene the Iesuites and Secular Priests 368 See Watsons Quodlibets of State 369 Iesuites and Secular Priests banished 370 Marshall Birone beheaded 371 The French King complaines of the Duke of Bullen ibid. He askes Queene Elizabeths counsell what he should doe with him ibid. The Queenes answere 372 The French Kings reply 373 The opinion of others concerning this matter ibid. Geneua relieued 374 The death of Alexander Nowell ibid. Tir-Oen feares both his owne power and his Armies 375 The Deputy persues him ibid. He builds Charlemont ibid. And Fort Montioy 376 Docwray chaseth the Rebels ibid. Yet he is slightly regarded ibid. More of the Rebels submit themselues 377 Tir-Oen craues pardon ibid. Anno M.DC.III TIr-Oen absolâ—tely submits himselfe 378 The Queene fals sicke 380 In the Kings Preface to the Reader in his Basilicon Doron 384 THE LIFE AND REIGNE OF THE most famous Princesse ELIZABETH With a memoriall of the chiefest matters and affayres of the States of England Scotland France and Ireland and sundry other occurrences of the affayres of most part of Christendome Which haue happened since the fatall Spanish Inuasion to the timâ— of her Dissolution AFTER that so vnexpected a successe had blasted the glory of the Spanish Inuasion They to â—alue their wounded honour and to forestall in the English the very thought of thâ— like inuasion begin now to prosecute their foreintended purpose of wounding and molesting the peace of England by the hands of her neighbour Scotland To which purpose the industrious villany of Robert Bruce a Priest with Creicton and Hay Iesuites working vpon the distempered Religion of the Earles of Huntley Arrolle Crawford and Bothwell a man as fickle as his fortune but yet the naturall sonne of Iohn Prior of Coldingham the sonne of Iames the fifth King of Scotland easily
put to flight his Catholique Maiesties forces the most potent Prince in Europe landed in fowre seuerall places marched with banners displayed in the enemies ground seuen dayes together attempted one of their greatest cities with no small forces lodged three nights together in the suburbes thereof chased the enemy to their owne gates tooke two castles by the sea side and vnfurnisht the enemy of great store of warlike prouision Yet wanted there not some discontented detractors who by interposing the losse of six thousand souldiers and mariners which the violence of the disease swept away sought to discredit the true glory of this noble and heroicke enterprize But certainely by it England hath learned not to feare the conceited power of the Spaniard and is now better flesht against the next occasion of the like seruice It hath beene much controuerted concerning the originall cause of this disease amongst thâ— English whether or no it proceeded from immoderate drinking of wine and excessiue eating of fruit from the naturall disproportion of theirs and our ayre or from all of them And it is an obseruation as worth our wonder as our memory that expeditions from England into Spaine haue beene for the most part euer infortunate to this Nation as was that of Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster about the yeere of Grace MCCCLXXXVI wherin of twenty thousand Englishmen ten thousand died And that of the Marquesse Dorset in the yeere 1512. wherin of ten thousand English a disease murthered 1000. in a short space and that in the hithermost coasts of Spaine But the obseruation of the learned may giue this wonder a probability of reason For they argue that an army comming from the South into the North is thereby the more hardened according as the Inward heat is either remitted or intended by the outward ayre and that that of Vitruvius is very true They that remooue out of cold countries into hâ—tter cannot long continue But they that come from hot countreyes into colder in the North doe not impeaâ—h their health by this change of ayre but confirme it When that the tract of small time had acquainted those of the Hanse townes with the vnexpected surprizall of their captiue Hulkes they begin to fashion their discontents into a forme of complaint seasoned with some weake 〈◊〉 which they present to the Queene concerning the violations of their ancient Priuiledges and customes The Queene returnes them this answer That her former admonition to them of not transporting come or any other warlike prouision to the Spaniard had made this surprizall which they complayned of very lawfull and that it could be thought of no otherwise vnlesse that they would haue her preferre their Priuate commodities before the good publique of her owne common wealth That shee ought not to auouch such Priuiledges which are onely Priuate Lawes against the safety of her Dominions whiâ—h is a Supreme Law And that the same Act with which they vrge the violating of their customes doth annihilate their complaints for that in the Priuiledge granted to them by King Edward the First there is this clause interweaued That they should not transport or conuey any 〈◊〉 or merchandize into the countreyes of manifest and notorious enemies of the Kingdome of England That therefore in the heat of any warre their Traffique was wont to be stayed when they furnished eyther enemy And that not onely the English serued them so but euen Charles the fift the King of Sweden and Denmarke and Poland and not long since the Prince of Orange and all iustly euen according to the Law of Nations wishing them heereafter so to vse the benefit of their neutrality that whilest they aâ—â—isted the one they iniured not the other party And lastly gently admonishing them of their vnseemly threats especially to a Prince who in respect of Ability dreaded not the mightiest Monarch breathing yet in respect of her Honour would imbrace a peace with the meanest and most constantly obserue all lawes of Neighbourhood And of this her constancy the King of Nauarre and France was no small witnesse one whereof shee succoured both with money and munition to the suppressing of a difficult warre and the other she established in quietnesse euen vpon the very point of despayre of it Foâ— to digresse yet a little in the way the Duke of Aniou brother to the King dying without issue the King at that time being both without children and the very hope of euer hauing any the kingdome of France was lineally to descend to the King of Nauarre and afterwards to the Prince of Conde both zealous professours of the Reformed Religion Whereupon the Catholike Princes of France not vnknowne either to the Pope or to the Spaniard complotted a diuellish conspiracy wherin they had onely interested the cause of Religion and therefore termed it the Holy League vtterly to ouerthrowe the King by heaping the enuie of the whole land vpon him and so by peruerting the naturall course of succession with that to ruinate also the Reformed Religion They that impiously combined themselues in this conspiracy bound themselues by a strong oath neuer to suffer any one to rule France that eyther had euer or was likely to professe any Religion but the Romane Catholique that they would neuer allow of one that being brought vp and bred in the Reformed Religion should afterwards absolutely forsweare it least hauing once gotten the Kingdome he should change his Religion with his State Who could be so besotted in his iudgement as not to see that this businesse tended onely to excluded Nauarre and the Prince of Conde Yet notwithstanding the mystery of this conspiracy wrought so couertly that it was long ere it could come to ripenesse For first the Duke of Guise the chiefe Head of this villany hauing valiantly defended Poitiers against the Protestants and vanquished the Germane horsemen sent by the Duke of Alenzon and scattered the mighty leauy of Germanes vnder the conduct of Baron D'onawe was so infinitely magnified both by the Laity and the Popish Clergie of France that to the preiudice of the King himselfe he was euery where stiled the Sole defender of the Catholique Religion and the Hammer of the Protestants Vpon but his very 〈◊〉 into Paris at one time there arose such an vproare amongst the inconstant people that the King for the safety of his person was compelled to impeach his owne Honour to retire from Paris and to call a Councell aâ— Bloys In which Councell his necessities droue him to a forced patience of these inconueniences to consent to this Holy League by his expresse Proclamation in Iulie to root out the Reformed Religion to constitute the Duke of Guise the Great Master of the French Warres and to seale to him the confirmation of these Articles with the receipt of the Sacrament The King himselfe now fearing him whom he himselfe had made thus to be feared and so great that no Law could question him or
hauing professed her loue to all her people first protested that all her care onely watched to this entent that the glory of God and the Common-wealth might be enlarged and that she would spend onely to that end all whatsoeuer they should bestow vpon her After that with her flowing â—loquence quickly and liuely she runnes through how farre she alwaies hath beene from a sâ—â—ggish want of courage how that trusting still to God and the buckler of her good conscience she neuer knew how to feare nay not her greatest and her most potent enemies Lastly to put courage into their hearts she discoursed very accurately of the valour of the English and among other things that euen our enemies themselues could not but acknowledge that the English out of a naturall inbred valour were alwayes prompt to vndergoe any dangers and that they found so much indeed by experience too although they dissembled it that they should yet try it more fully if so be that the English slept not too much in security or be not fallen vpon being vnprouided then concluding with hearty thankes for Subsidie monies she promised to dedicate all her thoughts to God and the good of the Common-wealth And indeed how she performed this promise towards God let the Ecclesiasticall Writers tell what punishment she inflicted vpon Henry Barowe and his Sectaries who by the seed-plot of dangerous opinions condemning the Church of England derogating from the Queenes authority in spirituall matters had not a little distempered the peace of the Church But as concerning her promise towards the good of the Common-wealth certainly she amply also fulfilled that in employing all her greatest care to weaken the strength of the Spaniard to hinder all his proceedings and possibly to remoue his forces out of Britaine And as she did this so likewise bestowed she little lesse care and paines to keepe them from Scotland instly fearing lest that a troublesome confusion of affaires which we haue said was in Scotland might open a doore for the Spaniard to both Kingdomes destruction For she had most certainly vnderstood that the Popish Nobility of Scotland bad by the tricks and plots of the Priests conspired to bring in the Spaniard into Scotland to alter the Religion there and to set vpon England on that side and that one Creicton a Iesuit whom she had lately set at liberty hauing passed his faith that he would neuer combine against the good of England had vnder this pretence passed ouer often into the Low Countries and into Spaine She wisely foresaw that the Comminalty of Scotland especially those in the west parts would be easily corrupted with Spanish gold also she weighed how full of Hauens the Scottish shores were how warlike the Nation it selfe was and how well furnished in Horsemen how easily then they might enter England as at a backe-doore Besides all this considering of what an vnstable loyalty the English themselues were that are neighbours ot Scotland most of them being Papists and euery one desirous of innouations who had their meanes and their hopes in their own hands And lastly that there is alwaies more courage in them that doe oppugne then in them that defend who as it were onely cast dice for their owne lot Wherefore she gaue the King of Scotland to vnderstand these things admonishing him to keepe vnder his Nobility betimes and willing him to exercise his Regall power ouer such seditious persons that hee might not seeme to reigne at their pleasure And truely he did that of his owne accord by instituting seuere Lawes against the Papists and the Abettors of them as in that he punished Dauid Graham Fentrey for being secret to the conspirators as also in that he persecuted the Earles of Anguise Huâ—tlâ—y and Aroll whom he easily scattered a sunder Bothwell in the meane time hauing laine lurking in England collogued with the Queene by his flattering letters promising that if the King of Scotland would but enter him into his fauour againe he would faithfully serue and obey him and much weaken the Spanish faction withall entreating her to intercede with the King for his pardon But the Queene assoone as she vnderstood that the King of Scotland tooke it but very iâ—l that Bothwell had beene entertained here in England she detesting his impious rashnesse that he durst offer violence to his Prince the expresse â—igne and Type of God himselfe and put him into so great feares sent the Lord Borough on an Embassie into Scotland that he might truely informe the King that Bothwell was not harboured here but that he secretly crept in and that she would seuerely punish those that had entertained him withall she incensed the King against the Spanish faction wishing him to procure a new Association of Protestants to keepe himselfe in safety and to defend Religion against all outward seditions with hearts and hands knit together and this was shortly after effected The Lord Borough hauing expected the Kings returne out of the Northerne quarters of Scotland demanded these things in writing from him That he would certifie the Queene of all the Spanish enterprises against England that he heard of That by his iustice he would defend his Regall authority and if that he could not execute iustice vpon the bodies of such Traitours that hee would haue their goods confiscated That he would chause into his Councell men of pure and well-tried trust That all these things he would certifie the Queene of by his owne hand that both she and also all other Princes of the same religion might easily vnderstand with what a prouident care he resisted the enemies thereof Lastly that he would take order for a peace in the Borders of both Kingdomes Adding withall That if these things were done she would not be wanting in any thing as she lately was not in seuerely mulcting those Englishmen that had entertained Bothwell To these things distinctly the King answered that he had certified her of all the machinations of the Spaniard as soone as he found them out that as speedily as hee could hee had persecuted all the Rebels punishing some with losse of goods and others with life That he had appointed Lieutenants in their Dominions and that he would haue all of them banished by act of Parliament and after their banishment their goods should be confiscated That he would admit to Councell onely men of sound iudgment of purity in Religion and loue to their Countrey and that he would witnesse all this to the Queene with his owne hand-writing that he would also take order about the Borderers But then that it was meet that the Queene should furnish him with monyes to bring this to passe both to resist the Spaniard and his owne Rebels that were of great wealth and strength Last of all hee required that She would punish those that fauoured Bothwell and since hee was a fellow of vnexpiable villany detestable before all Princes euen to example that shee would
feare of God and the loue of their King to pursue these Consulters after an hostile manner till such time that they either willingly submit to come to triall or fly out of the Kingdome And that he made the more haste to the prosecution thereof because the Spaniard was euen vpon arriuing and landing in Scotland Wherefore he humbly entreats the King exâ—orts the Nobility commands the people that forthwith they ioyne armes with him in this so godly iust and so necessary a cause demanding the authority besides of the Magistrate to further the prosecution of this enterprise Concluding that whosoeuer assisted these Counsellers with helpe should be punished with great seuerity To this purpose he sends his Letter to the Synod which at that time was at Dunbarre aâ—d also hee sends it to the English Embassadours for indeed both these were said to fauour his designes and not very obscurely He on the very same day that hee had vnderstood that the Kings forces set forwards from Edinborough which was scarce three miles off parted in two his Troupes and set forth out of Leeth But being vnequall to the Kings forces by reason that very few flockt to him euen since his publike Edict hee being skilfull enough how to eschew danger as mischieuous to intend it seekes all byâ—places and once hauing set on the Kings forces vpon a steepe hill droue them backe hauing taken some few of them but not any man killed Keeping his order he retreats to Dalkeeth and from thence being pricked with the conscience of a Rebell he betakes himselfe to his accustomed lurking-holes in the confines of the Realme But the Queene forbad by Proclamation any man neere the borders of Scotland to entertaine succour or assist him And this was very acceptable to the King who on the other side to shew his desire of requitall assembled his Peeres in Parliament for the banishing of these Popish Earles and Nobles of the Realme The Nobility but few being met yet all refused to giue their voices against them in respect that although it were true that they had sent such Papers into Spaine yet nothing but onely bare coniectures could be gathered from thence what their intents might be Yet for all that the number of the Clergy men and Burgesses making a plurality of Voices they were all banished the Realme Their Coats of Armes and Badges of Gentility according to the custome of Scotland were broake and cast out of the windowes of the Towne-house and their banishment publikely proclaimed by a Herald Afterwards the Earle of Aâ—gile was sent out with forces against those Earles but hauing receiued of them an ouerthrow in a set battaile at Genliuet the King himselfe after many tedious and difficult iourneies comes thither and there suffereth the Eaâ—le Huntlies Houses at Strathbolgie Slanie and Newton to be quite demolished Shortly he brought the Earles to that passe that Huntley first withdrew himselfe to his Aunt the Countesse of Sutherland and afterwards was compelled to bee gone into France and the rest to change their soile And so it came to passe that the mutuall good will that was betwixt the Queene and the King of Scotland his setled constancy in Religion which could neuer be battered by the meanes the prayers the promises or the subtill practises of the Papists the seuere lawes against the Iesuites and men of that faction the punishment maturely inflicted on Graham Fentree one of the fauourers of the Spanish party the supreame authority in spirituall matters conferred vpon the Prince by Parliament and their mutuall endeauours against the growth of Papistry all these I say did so shake the very hopes of restoring Romish Religion in England and in Scotland which the Iesuites had long conceiued that some of them began to deuise new plots and to try since they could not immediately estate their Religion in its former honour if they â—â—uld at last estate some Professour of the Religion in the â—â—rone of England which so might both countenance and protect it But when the disagreeing multitude of them could not meet vpon one person fit to their purpose a great while at last they reflected vpon the Earle of Essex in whom although he were no Romish Catholike yet they expected a well-qualified temper of Religion because his clemency draue him to a perswasion that in case of Religion men should not suffer death The right of inheritance which they â—eigned for him was drawne from Thomas of Woodstock the Son of Edward the 3 from whom hee descended But the runnagates and fugitiues stood hardly for the Infanta of Spaine although they feared that the Queene and the Court of Parliament would preuent that by making euery one take the oath of Allegiance Not long after came a booke out dedicated to the Earle of Essex vnder the belyed name of Dolman but not without the notable malice of Parsons the Iesuite against this Dolman a Priest but of a milder disposition if I may beleeue the Priests for the Authors of that booke were Parsons a maine enemy to Dolman Cardinall Allan and Francis Inglefield In this booke â—etting at nought the right of Birth they only discourse of changing the Lawes of the Realme allowing hereditary succession in the Kingdome of England of bringing in a new manner of election and lastly that no man should be admitted King of what neernesse in bloud soeuer he were of except he were a Roman Catholike In the same they most contumeliously traduce most of the Kings of England that many were not Legitimate or at least vncapable of the gouernment of the Kingdome Besides they teare to pieces the most certaine Right of the King of Scotland and seeke to deriue the Right of succession vpon the Infanta of Spaine because she was a Roman Catholike But oh I am amazed to say how falsly it was affirmed by such as they were since the lips of the Priests should preserue knowledge and since they should stand hauing their loynes girt with truth The colours that they vsed for her right were many First Because she as the Booke saith descended from Constance the Daughter of William the Conquerour from whom she drawes her pedigree This Constance was wife to Alane Fergant Earle of Britaine yet notwithstanding Gulielmus Gemeticensis one that liued about that time in his last Booke beareth witnesse that this Constance died without any Issue and so say all our Chroniclers of Britaine with one accord Secondly Because she drawes her parentage from Elenor the first-borne of King Henry the second married to Aâ—phonsus the ninth King of Castile But that not Eleâ—or but Matilda wife to Hâ—nry Leo Duke of Saxony the Mother of Otho the fourth Emperour was the first-borne to the said Henry Pope Innocent the third will giue vs to vnderstand as it is in Mathew Paris pag. 381. whom also Robert Abbaâ— de Monte Michaelis who was her Godfather writes to haue beene borne in the yeare 1162. Thirdly Because she descends
who 〈◊〉 â—â—â—â—â—ght the rest was adiudged to be burnt but the mercy of the Queene outâ— stript the seuerity of iustice and her life was saued On the otherside Marshall Bagnall hauing beene sent by the Deputy did raise the siege laid by Mac-Guir and Mac-Mahon at Monaghan Castle and he placed there a new band of Souldiers The Lord Deputy hauing diuers times â—ought to haue Tir-Oen whom he lately dismissed come againe vnto him although he sent most courteously for him yet he could by no meanes induce him to it For first he made as if he stood in feare of the Marshall that came on the errand and afterwards much vnmindfull of his dutie hee began proudly to talke of truce and peace which indeed a King doth not willingly heare of from the mouth of his Subiect insomuch that men exceedingly meruailed to see how much hee was changed and altered from that humblenesse wherein he lately submitted himselfe to the same Lord Deputy THE EIGHT and thirtieth Yeere OF HER REIGNE Anno Domini 1595. ANd now both the Queene and all England with her greatly reioyced to heare of the well approued good will of the King of Scotland and his earnest desire and endeauour to keepe Peace For he newly set forth a Proclamation whereby he commanded that there should be a Mustering throughout all Scotland to resist the Spaniard whom he heard had prouided a great Nauy for the destruction of all Britaine And that they might with greater ease and better successe resist him he exhorted his especially that aboue all things they lay aside their priuate enmities and discords and bend themselues to the publike good of the Commonwealth Hee seuerely commands the Borderers some whereof hauing beene baited and taken with Spanish gold had burst out into England preying all about on purpose to breake the League betweene England and Scotland not onely that they shew themselues not as enemies in any occasion but moreouer that with all their endeauours they preserue the frienship which the neare kindred betweene both Princes the profession of the same Religion and the likenesse both of Language and Manners had vnited and conioyned The Queene sets forth her Proclamation euen to the same purpose And when any iniuries were offered on either side it was agreed vpon that there should be Delegates on both sides to know the matter that both Iustice and Peace might be still preserued In the second moneth of this yeare Edmund Yorke Nephew to him that betrayed the Fort at Zutphen and Richard Williams who had beene apprehended the last yeare as we said now suffered at Tyburne for Treason Yorke confessed that Holt a Iesuite Hugh Owen Iames de Francesco and others proffered him an Assignement of 40000. Crownes that was sealed by Ibarra the Spaniards hand if he himselfe would either kill the Queene or assist Richard Williams in the fact That this Assignement lay in Deposito in custody to be deliuered vp by Holt hauing kist the holy Hoast and swore to deliuer vp the monies assoone as the murther was committed that withall he bound both Yorke and Williams to commit it by receiuing the Sacrament and confirmed it with their oaths taken Certainly notable was the villany of these times when sometimes these English runnagates would excite murtherers and sometimes villaines thirsting after gaine would proffer themselues to commit that murther and being once hired with mony would beâ—ray it Some vnfaithfull to themselues as if they were about some other matter would bring the rest to destruction being indeed so intangled with mutuall deceits that sometimes they were faine to burthen others with false lies to make their owne storie good The King of France by this time had resolued to denounce warre against the Spaniard by reason that hee had imployed all his endeauors to translate the Scepter of France and had stirred such dolefull commotions in France This thing hee certifies the Queene by Letters of withall entreating her to aduise him how they might follow the warre against him complaining that the recalling of the English out of Britaine was very hurtfull to him and would be very commodious to his enemies The Queene much commending his resolution of denouncing warre against the Spaniard wishing him all happinesse in the prosecution of it withall certifying that she had so openly waâ—â—ed against the Spaniard both by Land and Sea and that also in the Low Countries Spaine Portugall and America that the whole world may beare record of it And if so be that hee would doe as much too by offensiue warre which he had already done by defensiue the Spaniard could not be able to hurt either of them Answering also that the English were necessarily recalled from Britaine because the rebellion grew very thicke in Ireland besides that the English were to tarry there no longer according to the couenant because the Spaniards were then remoued from the Fortressâ— at Brest then complayning that they were very ill vsed that the ayd that was promised neuer came to ioyne and that Morlay which was promised to be a retyring place for them was not giuen them to that purpose Assoone as the Spaniard and the French King had sounded the Alarme for warre a dolefull warre raged about the Dutchy of Luxenburgh and Picardy Castelet and Dourlans were taken by the Spaniard and Cambray by him besieged Cheualiere of the Kings Counsell being sent ouer into England demands auxiliary forces to be sent ouer into Picardy within 15. dayes after the date of the Letter when as hee himselfe had spent 12. of them in his iourney and had left but three dayes to muster them and transport them Yet without delay there were forces mustered which should be sent ouer if need were to Calis Bulloigâ—e Diepe and the Sea coasts and this the Queene certified the King of France of by Sir Roger Williams and the Gouernours of these forenamed Townes But when those of the Kings Councell in England vehemently vrged that some Subsidie or aydâ— might be sent ouer to rescue and succour the French there was no definitiue answer made because they neither mentioned what number they would haue not to what end And now flew a rumour about not secretly stealing from mouth to eare but openly and by the tongue of all the parts of Britaine that the Spaniard had put from shoare with a mightier Armie then that he had before with intent to inuade England Hereupon round about the Sea coasts there was a Muster made of choyce men that should lye at watch and ward vpon the shoare and also two Nauies furnished one to goe against them in the British Ocean and the other for America vnder Hawkins and Drake Euery man prouided himselfe and buckled against the warre most complaining that so many valiant men that might now haue done their own Country good seruice and also that so much mony had bin lost in France for the expedition for Brest by Sea stood the
England Grant it that the Spaniard treatied not for a peace at Bourburgh which would not seeme honourable for his affaires yet would it not hurt vs although we are ready to fight to treate now about it That peace was alwaies kept with Heretiques by Popish Princes excepting onely the Pope ancient examples sufficiently testifie as of Charles the fifth and his successour in the Empire who alwaies kept their words with the excommunicated Protestants of Germany although they esteemed them as Heretiques Of Francis the first King of France who performed Fuâ—erall rites for Henry the eight of England at Paris although before he had beene excommunicated by the Pope Also of Henry the fourth now King of France who hauing beene reconciled to the Pope and surnamed the eldest sonne of the Church and his dearest Sonne yet he entred into both an Offensiue and Defensiue League with the Queene of England That the Spaniards heat of reuenge will be quickly cooled when his strength and forces shall faile him That the Queene might iustly forsake the States being she onely bound her self to aide them till such times as the Spaniard would propose equall conditions and a reasonable peace for their liberty which conditons if they refuse she is not bound to aide them That it is not fit for to giue to them againe those Townes which are pawned to her which they in reason cannot require And that once if there were a peace concluded there would be a speedy course taken for recouery of her monies That the States could not be so easily reduced vnder the Spaniard againe being that in tract of time many things fall out vnexpectedly and if so be they were peaceably reduced they could take no better care for themselues then that except they would resist their best commodity and profit But howsoeuer whatsoeuer became of them England and France conioyned in a solide and firme league would easily poise Spaine between them Lastly they deriued their reasons for peace from the very Law of Nature which chiefly intends the conseruation of it selfe and from the Law of Nations which commandeth the highest Law to be the safety of the people and lastly from the piety of true Christianity that they might spare bloud and confirme the Christian affaires against the Infidels The reasons for the warre against this peace were deduced onely from humane policy to driue away dangers farther off which indeed were better to be left to Gods disposing who would direct their counsels and consultations alwaies to the publike good by meanes which might be vsed with a good conscience and not by warres which are neuer commendable but when they are necessary And thus haue wee heard the matter on both sides largely enough discussed Burghley Lord Treasurer weighing well what wee haue said enclined to the peace by reason he knew the hazard of warre to be doubtfull and yet of infinite charges he knew the Treasure of the Exchequer was much impaired also that the disposition of the English were very prone to sedition if so be they were once taxed a little more then ordinarily he knew also the in-bred malic of the Commonalty against some of the Nobility and the poore hopes that were from Holland that our Neighbours were suspitious to trust to on euery side and that our owne people were hardly loyall enough at home also that the wealth of the Spaniard was inexhaustible wherefore he concluded that by this warre there could redound nothing to England but the turning away of euill which was but the smallest good that could be Essex on the other side being bred vp in Military affaires not allowing talke of this peace argues for the warre resolutely vrging it out of the cunning sleights of the Spaniard his desire of the vniuersall Monarchy and his inâ—eterate hate against the Queene and all England the diuersitie of his religion and the Axiome that Faith is not to be kept with Heretiques the power of the Pope to dispence with him if he breake the peace with many the like reasons insomuch that Burghley said he nothing but breathed warre and out of a strange presaging minde giuing him the Psalme booke secretly light vpon this verse Bloud-thirsty men shall not liue out halfe their daies Yet were there many that honoured much the spirit of Essex as one that greatly aimed at the honour and securitie of his Country But on the other side many also that whispered it to be for nothing but to fulfill his ambition and serue his owne turne But Essex hauing vnderstood of these calumnies writes his Apologie wherein he amplifies himself in this matter and besides shewes that Anthony Rolstoâ—â—n English run-away had bin lately sent ouer by the Spanish â—â—ction and Creswell a Iesuite vnder the colour of reconciliation and peace but in truth and deed as hee did confesse himselfe to espie what prouision there was for war to confirme the Papists and both by monies and promises to seduce from their loyalty any of the Nobility and the Earle of Essex by name Concerning this businesse of peace and the choosing of one fit to looke into the affaires of Ireland there was a great contention betweene Essex and the Queene no man being present but the Admirall Cecill the Secretary and Wiâ—debaâ—cke Keeper of the Seale The Queene she adiudged William Knolles Vncle to the Earle of Essex most fit to be â—ent into Ireland Essex to remoue him from the Court very stoutly affirmed that George Carew was farre fitter Which when he could not effect or perswade the Queene to being too much vnmindfull of his duety very vnciuilly as out of contempt he turnes his backe to the Queene in a manner scoffing at her The Queene growne very impatient thereupon gaue him a box on the eare and bid him be gone with a vengeance He forthwith layes his hand vpon his pummell the Admirall stepping into him he vowed and swore that he would not put vp so great an indignity nay that he could not euen at Henry the 8 ths hand forthwith in a chafe flew from the Court. And afterwards being admonished by the Lord Keeper of the great Seale in very graue Letters that he would supplicate to the Queenes mercie and giue place to time that he would remember that of Seneca That if the Law punish a man iustly he must giue way to Iustice if vniustly he must giue way to his Fortune That if hee had iustly done wrong to his Prince he could not giue her any satisfaction and if the Prince had done him any wrong that both his discretion duety and religion would command him to submit himself to so good a Queene seeing that betweene a Prince and a Subiect there is no proportion Essex answered all this at length very stomackfully his answer being afterwards aduisedly diuulged about by his followers appealing from the Queene to God Almighty riuetting into his discourse these and the like sentences THat no tempest rageth more then the
with Tir-Oen hee answered That Tir-Oen being potent proudly refused any conditions almost except hee would forgiue all the Rebels too in Ireland except the Irish should be restored into their possession which the English had and except the Romish religion might bee with libertie professed through all Ireland But when as these things were adiudged by the Councell uery heinous and then his returne into England againe especially with such company as he did grew also somewhat suspicious and the more being aggrauated by the varietie of plots laid by his potent aduersaries the Queene thought it fit to confine him to some custodie but yet not to any prison lest she might seeme thereby to cut off all her former fauours towards him but she confined him to the Lord Keepers house that so not being at libertie he might not be led away with euill counsell The Earle tooke it very vnkindly that both his and his friends returne should be so misconstrued to a suspition of ill For I haue seene his owne hand-writing wherein in a very faire method he digested and heaped together whatsoeuer he did thinke would be obiected against him To wit that first neglecting his instruction he delayed his expedition into Vlster by losing fit opportunities both wasting and wearing the Queenes Forces elsewhere Secondly that he had made couenants and a truce most beneficiall to the Rebels Lastly that the affaires in Ireland being not set in good order that contemning the forbidding of the Queene hee had left Ireland and returned with so many warlike men To these things hee adioyned this answere I Before I left Ireland set all things in that order as now they are that there hath beene no hurt done these nine moneths That there was no reason why his companions that came with him should be suspected they being few and hauing good occasions of their returne and that no more then sixe accompanied him to the Court What hurt could hee doe with so small a company It had beene an easie matter for him to haue thought or done any hurt when he had the armie and all Ireland at his command If he were desirous of reuenge that he needed not any others helpe For he is quickely master of anothers life that is a conteÌ„ner of his own But I knew saith he who said to me Vengeance is mine and I c. Shall so great a calumnie fall vpon mee that my returne should be suspected who haue worne away my body in my Princes seruice that haue spent my fortunes that haue lyen suppliant at my Princes feet Equitie and charitie ought to admit of these things but vpon very good grounds against them especially whom the profession of the same religion and the noblenesse of birth would free from the like suspition Shall such suspition fall vpon me Who haue lost my father and brother in the seruice for this Land Who for thirteene of the three and thirtie yeeres I haue seene haue serued the Queene and for seuen of them thirteene haue beene of her priuie Councell Who haue beene hated of all those that either enuied the Queene or her religion Who haue so exposed my selfe to euery ones reuenge out of my dutie to her and my paines against her enemies that no place but this Kingdome and no time but while shee liues can secure me from them Neither did he alone thus complaine but many also euery where some of them conspiring together by violence and force to set him at libertie but he out of his honest and true noble mind would not suffer it But let vs returne to Ireland and leaue Essex that hath left it The times of the truce are scarce gone out once or twice but Tir-Oen with an enemies courage assembling his Forces prouides againe for warre From England was Sir William Warren sent to him by the Councell to know wherefore he brake the truce To whom hee loftily answered that hee indeed brake not the truce but gaue warning fourteene dayes before his renewing of the warre And that the occasion of his renewing the warre was very iust by reason he vnderstood that Essex the Deputie in whom hee had reposed the trust of his life and goods had beene committed in England and that now hee would not haue to doe with the Counsellors of Ireland who dealt but scuruily and deceitfully with him before And that now if he would he could not renue the League againe because already he had sent forth O-Donell into Conaugh others of his coÌ„federates into other quarters of the kingdom In the meane time there were rumours spred vp downe ouer Ireland not without Tir-Oen being the Authour of them that shortly England should be vexed againe with new commotions and truely they were prepared reasonable well for the matter for the wickeder sort in Ireland encâ—eased daily in number and strength they which were of the Irish stocke now looking after nothing but their ancient liberty and Nobility The honester sort of the English bloud being daily cast downe more and more to see so great charges of the Queene spent in vaine complaining also that now they were excluded from any offices in the Common-wealth and vsed like meere strangers and Forreigners But Tir-Oen he was very cheerefull and couragious boasting and bragging vp and downe that now hee woâ—ld restore to Ireland it 's ancient liberty and Religion He receiues to his protection all tumultuous persons furnisheth them with succour confirmes the doubtfuller sort and eagerly laboureth to weaken the Command of the Engish in Ireland bâ—ing lull'd on with hope of the Spaniards aide and money and prouision which once or twise was sent him and thereto also not a little encouraged by the promises and Indulgences of the Pope who had now sent vnto him the Fether of a Phoenix it is like because Pope Vrban the third a great while ago sent to Iohn the Sonne of Henry the second Lord of Ireland a Crowne of Peacockes Feathers In the meane time many men that had but little to doe and some suggested thereunto extolled the Earle of Essex for all this wounding the Councell in their disgracefull bookes and sometimes the Queene too through their sides as all neglecting the good of the Kingdome and taking no care for Ireland Whereupon the Councell the day before the â—nd of Michaelmas Tearme meeting according to their custome in the Starre-Chamber the Lord Keeper hauing admonished the Nobler sort to retire into the Country and keepe good Hospitality among the poore and willed the Iustices of Peace not onely seuerely to punish the transgressours of the Peace but by all meanes to preuent all transgressions Then greatly accusing the â—uill language of those back-biters and calumniators that had traduced all the Councell hee declares vnto them how carefull the Queene hath beene in prouiding for Ireland and appeasing the tumults therein and how preposterously Essex went to worke with the Rebels and how base couenants with Tir-Oen he had
to the Romane Religion 〈◊〉 Honour and profit too For certainely there was at this time a great hope nurst vp at Rome that it would come to passe that they in England would dealâ— more fauourably with the professours of Poperie who now might returne home againe and both preserue their Religion and also disperse and sow it abroad also with lesse danger then before Also he esteemed that a conclusion of this peace would be no lesse glorious to him then the discouery of a new world was to his ancestors That the inferiour Princes now should be more obserâ—eable in all respects towards him if once he were not incumbred with any warre and so hee might set an Arbiâ—ator ouer all the world The profit that thereby hee expected was that the States of Holland and Zealand would presently then be brought to reasonable conditions That hee should saue the charges of maintaining his warres there and of conâ—eighing home his Nauie from the Indies yeerely That they returning safe euery yeere would shortly infinitely inrich 〈◊〉 That the English by degrees would neglect their Nauigations when once they inâ—reaâ—ed 〈◊〉 their estaâ—es with the Spaniards wealth and so that at length being rockt in a long peace disaccustomed to warre either by sea or land they might the easier be inuaded on a sudden Although the Queene was not ignorant of these things yet after mature deliberation adiudging this Peace commodious and honourable both to England and her credit hauing been lately importuned to it by the French King left it to his disposing that he should appoint both the time and place of meeting The King of France appointed May the time and Bolonia a sea coâ—st of France anciently called Bononia the place But when it was foreseene that likely there would arise a contention or question about prioritie of place in sitting or going betweene England and Spaine some men were selected that should make enquiry into that matter They obserued out of the booke of Ceremonies of the Court of Rome which as the Canons say like a Ladie Mother and Mistresse directs others that among the Kings Temporall the first place was due to the King of France the second to the King of England and the third to the King of Casteell That the English quietly enioyed that place in the Generall Councells of Pisa at Constance and at Basil too although the Embassadour of Casteell somewhat vnmannerly opposed himselfe in the last Besides that Casteell which Title the Spaniard preferreth before all his other to bee the King of is but lately a Monarchie in respect of England and that it had neither Earles nor Kings before the yeere of Grace 1017. and that those Kings are not anointed Moreouer they found that the King of England is reckoned the third amongst those Kings that are titled Most Illustrious and the Spaniard is reckoned the fourth Also that Pope Iulius the third Bishop of Rome gaue sentence for Henry the seuenth of England against Ferdinand King of Casteele Also that the Queene of England is more ancient both in yeeres and Reigne and therfore before the Spaniard by their owne argument at the Councell at Basil vsed by the Spaniard against Henry the sixt King of England Lastly the Lawyers with one accord generally pronounced that that Precedencie whose Originall exceeds the memory of man is to bee reckoned as constituted and so ordained by Right Besides they obserued that in the first Session of the Councell of Trent vnder Pope Paul the third when there was one and the same Embassadour of Charles the fiâ—t Emperour who was also King of Spaine and that that Embassadour tooke place of the French by reason of the Emperors right that since the Spaniards haue arrogated to themselues the prioritie not onely by the vertue of the Emperour but as they are Kings of Spaine because none euer contradicted it And at that time the English found great want of discretion in the French Embassadour because hee contradicted them not and made no publike contesting with the Emperours Legate if so be he had made as he tooke place of him in right of the Spaniard and not the Emperour Besides they noted that the Spaniard by reason of his large vast dominions spread far and neere by reason of his power ouer other Princes and his Merits from the Church of Rome of whom hee well deserues and by reason of prioritie before the French stolne in the Councell of Trent would challenge his higher place to himselfe But let vs omit this On the day appointed at Bolonia came for the Queene Henry Neuill the Leager in France Iohn Herbert newly made one of the Secretaries Robert â—eale Secretary to the Northren Councell and Thomas Edmunds the Queenes French Secretary For the Spaniard came Balthasar Ds. de Zâ—niga Fonseca one of the priuie Councell and Embassadour in the Low-Countries Ferdinand Carill of the order of S. Iames and Counsellour to the King at Casteele For the Arch-Duke came Iohn Richardot President of the Councell and Lodouike Verre-Keiâ—e chiefe Secretary The Instructions of the English were that before all thingâ— they would haue great care to the kingdome and the Queenes honour safetie and profit As concerning the Honor that in no case they giue the more Honourable place to the Spaniard but directly modestly and from the foresaid arguments challenge it themselues If so bee the Spaniard would not condescend that then the English should not altogether preferre Honour before Profit but propose some meane and equall debatement as this to cast lots for the prioritie of going or sitting first Then as concerning the safety and profit of England and the Queen that they should haue a care that no cosenage or deceit be put vpon England or the Low-countries in their trafficks That the English may haue libertie to trade at the Indies by reason that was granted before in the Treatie 1541. in all the dominions of Charles the fift but especially in those places where the Spaniards are themselues seated and peopled also to trade with all the Indian Princes that are vnder the Spaniards gouernment That first the Spaniard should propound their Conditions because they inuited the English thither to a Treatie That they should not speake a word of the Rebels and Run-awayes who according to the ancient Leagues made with the Burgundians were to be driuen out on both sides and restored againe to those with the French But if so be they should propose that that they should tell them that there are no Low-countrey men in England besides the Merchants and handy-crafts-man but that in the Low-countries the English are hired with Pensions to breed stirres and commotions The Copies of their Delegation being on both sides exhibited to each other the Spaniards tooke exception at that of the Queenes against the Epithite Most Illustrious in the title of the Arch-Duke who being as they said descended from Sacred Emperours and was both sonne in law
Nations To let passe many words the Queene required the whole matter should be referred either to Delegates on both sides or to the Elector of Brandenburgh the Kings Father in Law the Duke of Mekelburgh Henry Iulius the D. of Brunswicke Vncle to the Kings Sister But when neither Stephen Leisiere nor Ferrar nor Nicholas Crage a learned man the one sent into England the other into Denmarke could compose the matter at length it was agreed on that Delegates should be sent to Embda thither the Queene sent Embassadours Richard Bancroft Bishop of London Christopher Perkins and Iohn Swale who might parley with the Delegates of Denmarke But when they came not at the appointed day whether hindered by the winde or some other errour the Danes alleaging that the time of their Delegates was out went home or as some thought because they wanted victuals for the Danes giue to their Embassadours Captaine victuals not mony as other Princes neither could endure to heare that they should require the prolongation of that authority Hence the English complained of the Danes as men proposing nothing else to themselues then that things should remaine as they were to wit that they might exact new tribute daily in the Oresund Sea that by new decrees they might confiscate their ships and merchandize that they might hold their fishng in the Northerne Sea and then saying through the same into Moscouia notwithstanding about these times for the better furtherance of Nauigation the Trades increase and the Kingdomes honour the Queene instituted the Company of East Indie Merchants giuing to them great priuiledges they sent thither with three ships Iames Lancaster of whom we before haue spoken that in the yeare 1594. he ouer came Fernambucke in Brasil Since that time and not vnluckily they sent euery yeare a small Nauy and to their Kingdomes honour erected Markets in Lurat the great Maguls Country in Mossolupatan Bantan Patane Siam Sagad Mecassar also in Iapan crushing by happy victories aswell the insolent enemy as the Turkish falsnesse but whether so great a summe of money daily transported hence and so many Marriners wasted be for the common good let wise men iâ—dge and posterity perceiue While the Queene thus prouides for her Subiects inrichment Clement the eight Pope vnderstanding her to be well in yeares for the better restoring of the Roman Religion to its former height in England sent thither two Breues one to the Clergy the other to the Laity in which hee admonished that they should admit no one to the Scepter after her decase how neere a kinne soeuer vnlesse he were one who would not onely grant a toleration of the Romish Religion but also with his best indeuour further it To the doing of which he must binde himselfe by an oath after the manner of his predecessours but the contents of these were as sparingly reuealed as they themselues closely sent notwithstanding hence was the originall of the monstrous powder-plot and as these Breues were sent from Rome to England for the easier excluding of King Iames from his inheriting England so at the same time was prepared in Scotland a deadly Sword by the Rethuens Brothers who in reuenge of the lawfull punishment inflicted on the E. of Gowry their Brother in the Kings minoritie appointed the same good King to die treacherously seducing him to their house and they had not come short in the performing of this designe had not the Protectour of Kings by these instruments the Kings fortitude the loyall endeauour of Iohn Ramsey and Thomas Areskins made themselues the authours of destruction on themselues for they were made aswell partners in death as in that plot and by decree of the State their goods confiscate their house made leuell with the ground themselues quartered and the Quarters hung on stakes through the Cities and as many as had to their surname Rethuen were commanded to leaue it for the better obliterating both of name and memory let it not be accounted fraud in me to relate their punishment since other Writers in this matter haue beene profuse about this Prince through England arose great complaint of the scarcity of victuals which also increased by reason of the moist constitution in the heauens at the end of the former yeare the vernall cold of this and the priuate auarice of some who by the abuse of an obtained licence transported great store into other Nations Hence the people moued no lesse with opinion then if they had had more rationall proofes by Libels railed on Buckhurst the Treasurer as if he had granted the licence but hee not lightly regarding these things repaires to the Queene from whom by Proclamation his innocence was testified a fault transferred on the Hucsters of Corne the Libellers apprehended and punished But such is the querulous enuy of the people that they complained the more and lashed him by priuate backe-bitings as if he had acknowledged it And now Essex hauing beene vnder the Lord Keeper of the great Seales custody this halfe yeare began mooued thereto by his naturall inclination to goodnesse and by this physicall affliction and many of his friends especially Henry Howard began I say to come to a better minde also determining to send away far from him those turbulent spirits that suggested him to all that was naught Gill Mericke and Cuffe he himselfe putting on such piety patience and modest humility that all his friends hoped well of him againe and his enemies enuied thereat The Queene in short time being pacified with his humble and submissue Letters commanded him to keepe onely his owne house vnder the free custody of Richard Barckly withall protesting that these her punishments were not entended for his ouerthrow but for his amendment But the common people altogether pleading for his innocency thinking him shrewdly wronged it seemed good to the Queene to eschew all kinde of seuerity iniustice or preiudice to her or her Councel that his cause should be heard yet not in the Starre Chamber lest he were too seuerely punished but onely priuately in the Lord Keepers house the Iudges thereof were allotted the Councell-table of the Queene foure Earles two Lords and foure Iudges that thereby he might onely be censured alike but with no marke of treachery or treason The summe of his accusation was that hauing no such authority in his Commission he made Southampton leader of the Horse that he knighted many that he drew his forces from Tir-Oen whom he should haue prosecuted into Mounster that he had priuate conference with Tir-Oen to the violation of the Maiesty of the Queene and the honor of the the Deputy himselfe and that this conference was the more suspected because it was priuate and secret These things the Lawyers sorely aggrauated bringing in also abrupt sentences of his out of Letters writ by himselfe some two yeres before the Copies whereof were dispersed by his followers vp and downe England such as these THat there is
that Princes haue no Dominion ouer the Sea whiâ—h they can no more hinder men from then from the aire according to that of Antâ—ninâ—â— the Emperour I Truely am Lord of all the earth but the Law iâ— of the Sea Wherefore iâ—dge ye according to the Law of Rhodes Therefore is it not against the Law of Nations to vsurpe such authority ouer the Sea when Princes haue not any Iurisdiction vnlesse of the Sea adiacent to their coasts and that onely that saylings might be secured from Pyrates and enemies since that the Kings of England did neuer hinder sayling and fishing in the Irish Sea betweene England and Ireland although they were Lords of those shoares aswell as the King of Denmarke is of Norway and Island who vnder no other colour challengeth this right But yet if the Danes will exact tolls from the English for their passage the Queene might aswell exact as much of those Danes that saile within her Dominions Kingdomes or Islands Hereupon the Danes propounded that since their Kings Father allowed of their Nauigations which was very full of damage to him for the Queenes sake that now the Merchants of the English should redeeme the same for two hundred Rose Nobles yearely for the life time of the Queene That goods surprized on each side might be restored according to equity and honesty They grieuously complained then of the English Pirates requesting that although by reason of the heate of the war the Pirates insolency could not well be repressed yet that by seuerity of punishment they might be kept vnder a little or that otherwise they must allow of Arrests to repaire their iniuries and losses because it should principally concerne the King to see that his Subiects suffer no losses Lastly that the English ought not to complaine of their transporting warlike munition into Spaine by reason that they transport so little that the Spaniard was but little the better for it and might easily want for all their supply Now after that they had spent two moneths in these disputations by writings on both sides exhibited the Danes beyond all expectation certifie the English that they had no power to take notice of or to reforme the Leagues or taking away or lessening the tolls or of granting leaue for fishing in the Norway and Island Seas without the speciall licence of the King and some certaine conditions Withall which mooued much admiration they gaue warning to the English not to fish at the Island Ferâ—e vnder the paine whereby other fishings haue beene heretofore inhibited The English on the other side made protestation in expresse words concerning the nullity and inualidity of this Inhibition as also of any other declaration which should be made contrary to the League Lastly when they could no otherwise agree then to referre to the Princes on both sides what had beene done and what had beene gone through with and that the Danes had promised their diligence to intercede with the King for the publication of Tolls registred in a Booke whereby they might be certaine of measure number and waight and not feare to haue them altered according to the pleasure of the Toll-takers And that in case of confiscation those goods should be seized vpon and confiscated that were concealed and not named The Englishmen being content with these promises of the Danes the whole matter the right of the Queene and the Realme not any way infringed was suspended and prorogued till another time Whilest these things were in controuersie betweene both Princes the Ecclesiasticall Papists in England are together by the eares at home For the Iesuites against the Secular Priests with sharpe Pens and poisoned tongues and contumelious Bookes fought continually For they tooke it very heinously that Blackwell of Trinity College in Oxford sometimes fellow there who was altogether at Garnets beck the Generall of the Iesuites through England was now made their Arch-Priest insomuch that they much detracted from his authority Hereupon hee degraded them of their faculties and afterwards they appealing to the Pope of Rome he caused them in a Booke to be declared Schismatickes and Heretiques This aspersion they soone wiped off hauing the censure of the Vniâ—ersity at Paris approuing the same And setting forth Bookes vpon Bookes they highly commended the Queene in that from the very beginning of her raigne she had dealt with Catholiques very mercifully For first they shewed that in the first 11. yeares of her raigne there was not one brought in question of his life for matter of conscience or religion And that not for whole 10. yeares together after the Bull of Pius Quintuâ— published against her aboue 12. Priests were executed and that some of them were conuicted Traitors euen since the yeare 1580. when the Iesuites first crept ouer into England Then they shewed that their mischieuous practises against the Common-wealth had disturbed all and much empaired the Catholique religion and that they were the occasion of the seuere Lawes made against Catholiques Then they shewed that for all this in 10. yeares following there were but 50. Priests executed and that out of her mercy the Queene banished fiue and fifty more against whom she might haue proceeded Legally and executed them too Then they shewed that from that time there were Seminaries erected in Spaine at the care of Parsns an English Iesuite to entertaine English run-awayes in and how that from thence came yearely into England turbulent Priests How that Parsons incited the Spaniard to inuade England or Ireland againe that he confirmed the right of his Daughter to the Crowne of England in a Booke set forth to the same purpose and that an oath was exacted of all Students in the Seminaries to approue and maintaine the same Then they declared how that Holt of that society had suborned Hesket to a rebellion and enticed Câ—llin Yorke and Williams to kill the Queeneâ— and how that Walpole the Iesuite had perswaded Squire to make away the Queene by poison Insomuch that the Queene although she neuer loâ—ed to offer violence to the conscience yet could she not choose but vse necessary seuerity vpon these kinde of men vnlesse she would betray to her 〈◊〉 the safety and security of her own Realmes Then they abused Parsons whom they called Cowbucke for a bastard and one of the dregs of the Commonalty a fellow of a most seditious disposition a sycophant an Aequiuocator and one that would set Kingdomes to sale Then they much condemned these Libells of the Iesuites set out against the Queene of falsities accounting the Authours traitours both to God and the Queene And hauing discoursed and argued very solidly that the true Religion was to be propagated not by the sword but the spirit of meeknesse and mildnesse They concluded beseeching the English Papists not to send their children to the Iesuites Seminaries who vse in the very tendernesse of their yeares to infuse the poyson of Treason euen with their elements of Learning In the middest
of this combating with Bookes whether in earnest or deceitfully vndertaken the Councell came to finde out that both the Iesuites and the Priests in this matter secretly conspired to withdraw the Subiects of the Queene from their obedience to her and to excite the Commonalty to the maintenance of the Romish Religion euen with Armes Hereupon the Queene by Proclamation commanded the Iesuites and Secular Priests belonging to them to depart the Kingdome as for the rest that seemed to be mediators betweene both they had two moneths allotted to resolue whether or no they would professe loyalty to the Queene if not to he gone and neither of both sorts euer to returne againe except they will hazard the punishment of the Law and without doubt this Proclamation came out by the great prouidence of God to auert a great meditated mischiefe For amongst these affaires Thomas Winter as hee himselfe afterwards confessed and Tesmund a Iesuite being sent for by some of them into Spaine vnderwent most pernicious consultations to cut off the Queene and to exclude Iames of Scotland from his Right of inheritance And not onely these in England but also in the Low Countries seditious Souldiers conspired against the Arch-Duke and in France also some stâ—â—red vp commotions against the King insomuch that a storme seemed by some Starre to be raised against all Christian Kings and Princes In France Marshall Byrone who had practised wicked counsels against his Countrey and with pricking words wounded the Maiesty of the King was now beheaded I doe not well know whom the Marshalls confession detected but amongst others it so aymed at the D. of Bulloigne that being commanded to shew himselfe before the King he appeared not but fearing the anger of the King and the power of his aduersaries about the Court hee with-drew himselfe into Germany The French King made his great complaint of him to Queene Elizabeth accusing his marriage with his Sister Mary of Florence as vnlawfull and the Popes dispensation as vneffectuall and that thereby his Sonne was illegâ—timate That he had allotted the Prince of Conde to succeed in the Kingdome That he conspired the destruction of the chiefest Catholikes in France That he had conspired to betray the vnited Prouinces to the Spaniards that would giue most for them That he detracted from the Iudgement of the Parliament at Paris by appealing to the Court of Warre which indeed had no Iurisdiction in such matters as those That he tooke exception against his accusers which in case of Treason is not lawfull to doe Concluding that these things were nothing but tergiuersations in detracting all Iudgements and arrogating to himselfe the Kings authority Wherefore he asketh councell of the Queene what hee should doe in this matter She answereth him by her Leager in France that she was exceeding sorry to heare of these things and that she esteemed it great honour done to her that he would impart it vnto her She much commended his moderate minde which being suggested by so great dangers yet was rather guided by the councell of his friends then the affection of his owne selfe As concerning the councell which he required she made answer that if the proofes were as manifest against him as the obiections were odious he should do well to proceed legally against him but that it was dangerous for her to councell him to any thing till such time as the proofes were cleare against him left perchance she should offend God if so be he were innocent or offend the King if he should suspect his own safety to be neglected wherefore that she held it most fitting in soâ—doubtfull a case to be silent Yet withall she requesteth the King to vse both iudgement and conscience in his councell and accurately examine both the accusations and confessions to see whether or no they come from men of trust vncorrupted and no way suspected of partiality by reason that commonly no mans innocency can protect him from others base calumny Withall informing him that bare assertions are but slender proofes to informe the conscience of a iust Iudge against a man of so well-tried vertue and valour As also that those obiected crimes being not amply prooued did seeme as incredible to be fathered on such a man as they are in their owne nature execrable For who would belieue said she that hee being brought vp in the feare of God and continuing so long in an vnspotted loyalty euen in greatest dangers both towards his King and Countrey should euen imagine now such mischieuous villany against so well a deseruing Prince or euer ioyne councell with men both of lost estates and hopes with whom there was neuer any conformity of manners or religion and from whom hee could not but expect perfidious dealing Wishing him rather to suspect that these suggestions were coyned in the Spanish Mint to set the French againe together by the â—ares The King heaâ—d this with discontented eares and forthwith burst out into these words THe Queene thinkes better of Bouillon theâ— he deserues For he was amongst the chiefest of Essexes conspiracie neither dissembled â—e it when I obiected it to him but smiling put me off without an answere Then he constantly affirmed that those things obiecâ—ed were most true Then he recalls the benefits he had be bestowed on him as first that he numbred him amongst his Family then that he procured him a rich match with the heire of the Family of Bouillon that he had set him in the possession of Sedan that he honoured him amongst the Nobles of the Inward Admission that he made him Duke and Marshall and that once he had resolued to shew mercy to him if he would come aske pardon but now since he scorned it and out of an ill conscience since he fled away he saw no reason of shewing mercy now againe to him Then he added how that in the like case he interceded with the Queene for the Earle of Essex till hee vnderstood the â—einousnesse of his fact and then he gaue ouer The Embassador returned that the Queene only thought well of the Duke because hitherto he had shewen his loyalty and valour towards his King and Country but that she would be very sorry if that the obiections should be found true as it was in Essexes case and that then she wou'd detest and hate him from her very heart Concluding that this her admonition proceeded from no other ground then her minde troubled aswell for the Kings safety and security as her owne If we may belieue the French Writers and the politick'st English Byrone Bouillon and others perswading themselues that by their loyalty and valour they had brought the King to the Crowne and now perceiuing that the King was indulgent towards the Conspirators against his life and belieued them soonest as men best deseruing and recompencing their offence by duty and disposing of honours giuing them those Offices now in peace which before they possessed in time
by reason of his offence towards God and his Prince that the Queene gaue the Deputy authority to receiue him into fauour if so be that he did suppliantly craue it according to that humility which his Letters made shew of THE YEARE OF OVR LORD GOD M.DC.III Containing not fully three Moneths of her REIGNE ASsoone as Tir-Oen vnderstood the mercie of the Queene so amply extended towards him he made all meanes possible and dealt with Arthur Maâ—-Baron his Brother and others to obtaine it and being often put by it at last he promised that hee would submit both his life and fortune to the iudgement of the Queene The Deputy that had secretly vnderstood from some of his friends the doubtfulnesse of the Queenes health by reason of her age gaue Tir-Oen leaue to come to Melli-Font whither he presently came and being admitted into the Priuie Chamber where the Deputy encircled with a multitude of warlike men sate in his Throne in the very threshold with a deiected countenance falls Tir-Oen vpon his knees And hauing kneeled a while he was wished by the Deputy to come neerer whereupon arising and hauing come some few steps he falls againe downe vpon his knees saying I Acknowledge and aske pardon for my offences against God and my most gratious Prince and Mistresse to whose Princely clemency I doe now flie as to an holy Anchor entreating her to dispose of my life and fortunes as she pleaseth and yet humbly wishing that as heretofore I haue felt her beneficency and but lately her power so now I may feele her mercy and mildnesse and become an euerlasting example and patterne of her clemency Truely my age is not so farre come vpon me neither is my body so much decayed or my courage impaired but that by my future valiant and loyall seruice I may expiate the sinne of my rebellion In processe of his speech when he began to complaine against the enuy of some towards him that occasioned most of his offences the Deputy interrupted him telling him very maiestically which was eloquence enough for a Souldier that no excuse ought to be sowed ouer such a great fault after that he commanded him to depart aside and the next day after he carried him with him to Dublin with intent to send him from thence ouer into England to the Queene to let her deale with him as she pleased Thus the rebellion of Tir-Oen which began out of priuate discontents mingled with ambition and was nurst vp with the contempt and parsimony of England till such time that vnder pretence of restoring the Romane Religion it spread ouer all Ireland being strengthened with many mens too much credulity and the secret fauour of some in authority and one or two happie successes Spanish succour and the Popes Indulgences Thus I say this rebellion that also was still lengthened and prolonged by the enuy of the English one against another by the bipartite command by the auarice of the olde Souldiers by the craft of Tir-Oen and his counterfeit submissions and Truces and by the protections bought by villaines for money and by the great difficultie of the places and the desperatenesse of the â—rish safer in their swiftnesse of flight then abode in warre now at length in the eight yeare after its first breaking out vnder the happy command of the Lord Montioy Deputy created afterwards E. of Deuonshire was most fortunately finished The Queene who hitherto by reason of her abstinence from wine and moderate dyet which she said was the chiefest part of phisicke enioyed perfect health now entring into her Climactericall yeare to wit seauenty began somewhat to be sensible of defect of health and strength which the indisposition of the aire towards the end of Ianuary being a filthy windy and rainy day much improoued when she remooued from Westminster to Richmond on purpose to refresh her olde age with quietnesse and to giue her selfe to godlinesse wholly Vpon which day as if she were about somewhat else I know not whether she thought vpon or prophesied of her death she said to the Admirall whom she dearely loued MY Throne is a Throne of Kings neither ought any but my next Heire to succeed me The Courtiers obserued her more then ordinarily to frequent prayers and Sermons and they also report that she then commanded a Ring with which at her Inauguration she married her selfe to her Kingdome to be cut off from her finger which hauing beene neuer puld off had euen growne into her flesh This they tooke for ill lucke to come expecting a diuorce shortly betweene her and her Kingdomes to whom that Ring married her In the beginning of her sicknesse the Almonds of her Iawes did swell suddenly and grew lancke againe suddenly then her appetite to meate grew sensibly worse and worse whereupon she became exceeding sad and seemed to be much grieued at some thing or other whether or no it were by reason of the violence of her sicknesse or out of her want of Essex as many of his admirers belieued or rather that after so great charges of warre because she was perswaded to pardon Tin-Oen the Authour or rather because that by some whisperings and Letters from the King of France she had heard that most of her Nobility in priuate Letters and Messengers curried fauour already with the King of Scotland adoring him as the rising Sunne and neglecting her as ready to set And this certainly she too much belieued by reason of the vice of her Sex and olde age which is alwaies suspitious Neither indeed was it a bare suspition in her for many of her Courtiers besides some Ladies who least of all ought to haue done it by reuolting from her almost forsooke her when indeed she was nothing altered in her selfe from what she was but they onely in their opinion Whether or no it were that they saw her neere her end or whether or no they were weary with her long Reigne for so pleasing is alteration and change to the nature of man that there is an irkesomnesse euen of good things of long continuance or whether or no out of too credulous couetousnesse of nouelties and alterations they despised the present case and expeâ—cted better some forgetting her but late benefits and finding fault with the times it may be out of a Court-mystery onely to curry fauour with the Successour and all this in a halfe opinion and conceit that the discrediting of the deceased would proue a great delight to the Successour Insomuch that some vnder this pretence found fault with others and others propounded the sending for a Successour whilest the Queene was yet but of sickly health being run-wayes in minde though they stayd at home These things so grieued the Queene that she accounted her selfe a wretch forsaken and the indignation of her sicknesse wrackt out such words from her THey haue yoaked my necke I haue none now to trust my estate is turned topside turuey And so witty was their more ciuill
one of them in those quarters And now by this time his new supplies came from England ouer to him and then although there was great want of victuals and money and although in those quarters Winter drew on a pace after the Eqâ—inoxe hee for all that set forwards towards Vlster and came as fâ—r as the Passe of Moghery beyond Doudalk That passage is accounted naturally the most troublesome in all Ireland Besides the art of the Rebels exercised therein who with Inclosures with stakes fastned the ground with hurdles and harrowes ioyned together and stones cast betweene and turfes betweene the mountaines woods and yeelding bogs had with great skill and greater industry blocked vp the passage crosse which also was made worse besides by the ouerflowing water of the riuer neereby reason of too much raine After that the waters were abated a little the English couragiously brake thorow those Inclosures and hauing vanquished all these great difficulties their enemies too the authors of them the L. Deputy placed erected a fort 8. miles from Armach for all neere about it by the Rebels had bin spoyled and consumed and to the memory of Iohn Norris vnder whom hee first exercised the Military Art hee called the place Mont-Norris making one E. Blany a lusty fellow of his hands Gouernour thereof who euer afterwards kept the Rebels thereabouts in some exercise and for the most part kept them very much vnder In the Deputies returne to omit ordinary and daily happy skirmishes hee gaue a great and a famous ouerthrow to the Rebels that hee had hedged vp the way in the streight neere Carlingford On the English side there was slaine Latwaâ—e Doctor of Diuinitie and Chaplaine to the Deputie and Cranmer his Secretary both learned men and for that much beloued of him besides some others also The Deputie hauing returned Tir-Oen directs all his forces and practises against Henry Docwray and hauing aâ—â—aulted him by skirmishes treacheries periuries and more then punicke deceits wounded him sorely but yet hee vnfolded himselfe valiantly and happily out of these dangers He laid waste O-Chahans little countrey Arthur O-Neale the sonne of Turlogh being Captaine Hee tooke Dunalong in the fight of Tir-Oen and placed Iohn Bowley there in Garrison And a little after which much grieued and angred Odonel hee seized on Lisser Castle by the helpe of Neale Garue of the Family of O donels whom hee had perswaded and drawne to his side promising the gouernment of Tir-Conelle to him which hee challenged by the right of his blood Much about this time there arriued a Spanish ship furnished with weapons and a little money and it landed at Calebeg whither the Rebels flying with all speed with hope of diuiding the prey left those quarters they kept to the English Garrisons thereabouts The Deputie on the other side not to lose any time in the midst of Winter entred the Glinnes in Lagene where he receiued to obedience Donell Spaniah Phelim Mac-Pheogh and the tumultuary kindred of the O-Tooles hauing taken Hostages from them to bind them the better to performance After that he entred into Fereal and droue Tirel one of the skilfullest Souldiers among them out of his boggish Hold they call them Fastnessi all thickned and fortified with briars and brambles And now hee had gone compasse victoriously through all places as farre as Vlster and there also he laid waste Ferâ—ey hauing slaine the two sonnes of Eâ—ar Mac-Cowley and sending forth Richard Morison hee laid waste too the little Prouince Fues He placed a Garrison at Breny committed to the care of Oliuer Lambard and then bending towards Droged he receiued into obedience Turlogh Mac-Henry a Nobleman of Fues Euar Mac-Cowley O-Hanlon who gloried himselfe that hee was the hereditarie Standard bearer to the King in Vlster Also he receiued besides many more of the Mac-Mahons and O-ralls taking Hostages of them all All these things did Montiâ—y the Deputie for his part the first yeere Neither did George Carew vndertake much lesse fortunate enterprises in Mounster the Southerne parts of Ireland being newly made President of the Prouince that now was euen growen sicke by reason of the rebellion euery where in it vnder the â—iâ—ular Earle of Desmond And first of all he dealt so cunningly with the leaders of the mercenaries of Conaugh whom they vse to call Bownies whom the Rebels had assembled and called out that hee remooued out of the Prouince Dermitius O-Canar by a sleight and Redmund a Burge vpon hopes of his recouering his fathers patrimony and Tirril putting him into a great feare lest he had laid some ambush for him Then after this hee cunningly carried the matter that by counterfeit letters sent to them he bred such diffidence and distrust betweene them that none trusting one another and euery one fearing for himselfe they distracted themselues Afterwards he set on after them hauing indiuidually accompanying him the Earle of Twomond who many times stood him in great stead Then he surpised the titular Earle of Desmond whom notwithstanding the Rebels rescued againe from him Logher Crome Glaâ—â—â— Carrigfoyle Corage Rathmore and Cahir Castles were by forces assaulted and taken by him or fairely yeelded Charles Wilmot Gouernour of Kerrie brought vnder his obedience Lixnaw Mainy Castle and Listwill and Fr. Barclay Glanemire Greame one of the Commanders did so turne the titular Earle of Desmond that aâ— last he droâ—e him out of the Prouince and caused many of the affrighted Rebels to flye to their loyaltie to the Queene To conclude all George Carew that entred this Prouince but in the moneth of April when it was vp in vproares and rebellion brought it to passe that by December it was all ouer in quietnesse and not so much as one Fort defended there against the Queene Whilst these affaires passe on thus in Ireland there are great consultations in England concerning making a Peace with the Spaniard This peace Albert Arch-Dâ—â—ke of 〈◊〉 hauing returned with the Infantâ— his wife from Spaine and rewarded with a consecrated sword by the Bishop of Rome propounded to the Queene And although the Queene had denied to make any deâ—ensiue league with the Spaniard to deliuer into his hands those townes that were pawned to her or to forbid trading with the Hollanders Zealanders which the Spaniard vehemently vrged her to do or yeeld to him in the Prerogatiue of her Iâ—onor yet still both he the French King with their continuall messages gaue not ouer their purpose of pursuing it The Spaniard being the onely occasion of it who by his quiet disposition and the aduice of his Councell gaue himselfe to peace For hee well knew that his father hauing made a peace with France desired nothing more then to make one with England also that so hee might leaue his kingdome glorified by a firme and solid peace euery where Moreouer hee was perswaded that a peace with England would bee very beneficiall