of_o thou_o have_v according_o effect_v the_o same_o not_o doubt_v but_o that_o this_o light_n manual_n may_v prove_v among_o we_o like_o the_o manna_n among_o the_o jew_n grateful_a to_o every_o palate_n but_o what_o be_v taint_v and_o forestalled_n with_o the_o babylonish_n cup_n yet_o for_o the_o better_a prevention_n of_o mistake_n and_o misapprehension_n which_o may_v happy_o arise_v from_o anything_o herein_o relate_v or_o assert_v let_v it_o suffice_v and_o remember_v that_o i_o be_o not_o author_n but_o translator_n only_o save_v in_o a_o few_o explicatory_a verbal_a addition_n either_o note_v with_o a_o asterism_n in_o the_o margin_n or_o else_o include_v within_o a_o parenthesis_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o treatise_n tho._n douglas_n the_o preface_n as_o touch_v the_o benefit_n dear_a reader_n which_o may_v accrue_v from_o what_o be_v present_v to_o thou_o in_o this_o treatise_n and_o the_o addition_n make_v thereunto_o by_o a_o person_n desirous_a of_o thy_o welfare_n if_o so_o be_v that_o god_n have_v vouchsafe_v thou_o deliverance_n from_o superstition_n and_o error_n by_o perusal_n hereof_o thou_o shall_v be_v confirm_v in_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o truth_n but_o in_o case_n thou_o be_v still_o envassal_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o popery_n thou_o shall_v hereby_o be_v give_v to_o understand_v how_o far_o thou_o be_v enslave_v in_o that_o bondage_n thou_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o opiniative_a adherence_n of_o the_o jew_n to_o legal_a ordinance_n the_o invincible_a obstinacy_n of_o pagan_n in_o pursuit_n of_o their_o superstitious_a ceremony_n the_o vain-curious_a arrogancy_n of_o their_o philosopher_n who_o have_v affect_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o to_o profound_a by_o humane_a reason_n the_o more_o sublime_a mystery_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n and_o to_o discourse_v the_o same_o according_a to_o their_o own_o carnal_a sense_n and_o apprehension_n have_v be_v the_o person_n that_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o external_a pomp_n and_o of_o those_o many_o heresy_n which_o have_v molest_v and_o do_v still_o molest_v the_o church_n of_o god_n add_v hereunto_o that_o proportionable_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o ignorance_n and_o barbarism_n through_o the_o inundation_n of_o goth_n and_o vandal_n and_o i_o know_v not_o what_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o quite_o destroy_v all_o good_a literature_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o that_o savage_a people_n whole_o consist_v either_o of_o pagan_n or_o arrian_n there_o ensue_v hereupon_o a_o horrid_a medley_n in_o religion_n but_o which_o be_v yet_o matter_n of_o great_a wonder_n during_o the_o time_n that_o those_o barbarian_n make_v havoc_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o sack_v it_o in_o the_o west_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v proselyte_n and_o bring_v over_o to_o himself_o the_o former_a to_o wit_n the_o pagan_n permit_v they_o to_o intermingle_v many_o of_o their_o own_o superstion_n 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that_o nothing_o may_v be_v want_v to_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o prophetic_a prediction_n his_o habit_n of_o purple_a and_o scarlet_a and_o ornament_n of_o gold_n and_o pearl_n by_o the_o relation_n of_o cardinal_n baronius_n himself_o clovis_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n send_v a_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o pope_n hormisda_n a_o 514._o and_o ever_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o their_o ambition_n become_v illimited_a the_o conjuncture_n of_o time_n the_o impotency_n and_o weakness_n of_o the_o western_a emperor_n and_o their_o own_o particular_a civil_a interest_n have_v great_o contribute_v to_o the_o erection_n of_o papal_a authority_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n do_v that_o parricide_n phocas_n who_o murder_v the_o emperor_n mauritius_n whereupon_o he_o usurp_v the_o empire_n so_o frank_o confer_v upon_o boniface_n iii_o the_o title_n of_o oecumenick_n or_o universal_a bishop_n to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v maintain_v his_o authority_n in_o italy_n by_o 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there_o be_v one_o only_a bishop_n call_v universal_a the_o whole_a church_n must_v needs_o be_v ruin_v in_o the_o ruin_n of_o that_o one_o universal_a but_o the_o pope_n be_v never_o tardy_a in_o close_v with_o offer_a advantage_n nor_o in_o engross_a of_o they_o upon_o such_o fair_a emergent_a opportunity_n their_o interest_n be_v as_o have_v be_v observe_v interweave_v and_o twist_v with_o those_o of_o secular_a prince_n such_o be_v the_o liberality_n of_o pepin_n and_o of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a who_o upon_o other_o consideration_n bestow_v upon_o they_o the_o lieutenancy_n of_o ravenna_n and_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n that_o they_o be_v in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o they_o effectual_o promote_v to_o temporal_a monarchy_n and_o principality_n in_o this_o so_o horrible_a a_o confusion_n the_o title_n of_o archbishop_n which_o be_v give_v to_o none_o but_o those_o of_o rome_n constantinople_n alexandria_n antioch_n and_o jerusalem_n as_o will_v appear_v hereafter_o be_v assume_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n as_o succeed_v therein_o to_o the_o pagan_a archpriest_n likeas_a inferior_a bishop_n to_o to_o their_o priest_n aswell_o in_o this_o that_o they_o wear_v after_o their_o example_n a_o white_a mitre_n enrich_v with_o gold_n and_o pearl_n as_o in_o that_o they_o conform_v to_o they_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o a_o exorbitant_a power_n for_o we_o blame_v not_o herein_o a_o lawful_a and_o well_o regulate_v title_n nor_o yet_o a_o external_a badge_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o head_n of_o order_n so_o it_o be_v free_a from_o worldly_a pomp_n and_o vanity_n and_o only_o use_v as_o matter_n of_o order_n and_o decency_n according_a to_o which_o the_o apostle_n exhort_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o the_o church_n 40._o but_o contrariwise_o so_o far_o be_v they_o from_o contain_v of_o themselves_o there_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v want_v to_o a_o total_a depravation_n their_o shave_a and_o unmarried_a priest_n have_v affect_v to_o imitate_v those_o of_o the_o goddess_n cybelleo_n 5._o or_o those_o of_o the_o goddess_n jeses_n the_o religious_a have_v in_o a_o manner_n succeed_v the_o vestal_a virgin_n their_o holy_a water_n to_o the_o lustral_a and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o their_o purgatory_n according_a to_o the_o description_n which_o those_o of_o the_o romish_a church_n give_v we_o of_o it_o have_v be_v likewise_o devise_v according_a to_o the_o model_n of_o that_o describe_v by_o virgil_n in_o the_o 6_o book_n of_o his_o aeneides_n 6._o and_o to_o the_o great_a disparagement_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o we_o can_v mention_v without_o extreme_a condolency_n have_v the_o image_n of_o saint_n be_v substitute_v in_o the_o room_n of_o pagan_a idol_n which_o in_o imitation_n of_o they_o they_o array_v with_o sumptuous_a apparel_n crown_z with_o garlands_z kiss_z offer_v incense_n to_o present_v with_o taper_n and_o burn_a lamp_n and_o after_o the_o same_o example_n carry_v about_o upon_o their_o shoulder_n insomuch_o that_o in_o stead_n of_o
a_o history_n of_o ancient_a ceremony_n contain_v a_o account_n â—f_o their_o rise_n and_o growth_n their_o first_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n and_o their_o gradual_a advancement_n to_o superstition_n therein_o write_a original_o in_o french_a but_o now_o for_o general_a information_n and_o benefit_n faithful_o translate_v into_o english_a the_o second_o impression_n correct_v the_o first_o be_v 1668._o mark_v 7._o v_o 7_o 8_o 9_o in_o vain_a do_v they_o worship_v i_o teach_v for_o doctrine_n the_o commandment_n of_o man_n for_o lay_v aside_o the_o commandment_n of_o god_n you_o hold_v the_o tradition_n of_o man_n etc._n etc._n he_o say_v likewise_o unto_o they_o full_a well_o do_v you_o frustrate_v the_o commandment_n of_o god_n that_o you_o may_v keep_v your_o own_o tradition_n london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1669._o the_o translator_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o degeneracy_n of_o the_o church_n christian_n reader_n from_o that_o faith_n which_o be_v by_o the_o apostle_n deliver_v to_o the_o saint_n by_o christ_n himself_o to_o the_o apostle_n and_o by_o god_n the_o father_n to_o christ_n be_v matter_n of_o sad_a and_o serious_a but_o seasonable_a speculation_n the_o primitive_a church_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o she_o more_o immediate_a conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n of_o righteousness_n a_o burn_a and_o shine_a light_n but_o alas_o how_o be_v the_o noble_a vine_n become_v a_o degenerate_a plant_n yield_a instead_o of_o the_o cluster_n of_o canaan_n the_o wild_a grape_n of_o gomorrah_n what_o tare_n have_v there_o be_v sow_v in_o god_n enclosure_n what_o chaff_n mix_v with_o his_o wheat_n what_o store_n of_o wood_n hay_o and_o stubble_n in_o stead_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o precious_a stone_n in_o his_o sanctuary_n how_o be_v christ_n body_n mystical_a become_v a_o ichabod_n this_o burn_a and_o shine_a light_n become_v successive_o ever_o after_o the_o first_o century_n and_o age_n of_o the_o church_n for_o the_o space_n of_o fourteen_o hundred_o 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worst_a of_o all_o deprave_v light_n and_o truth_n with_o error_n and_o heresy_n heaâ—_n and_o zeal_n with_o the_o strange_a fire_n of_o idoâ—latry_n and_o superstition_n jewish-pagan_a rite_n and_o ceremony_n the_o true_a mark_n of_o the_o false_a church_n of_o rome_n many_a or_o most_o of_o which_o myself_o have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n and_o spectator_n of_o abroad_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o gradual_o introduce_v into_o the_o church_n and_o vigorous_o propagate_v even_o to_o a_o universal_a corruption_n in_o matter_n both_o of_o doctrine_n and_o worship_n therein_o especial_o since_o the_o rise_v and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o antichrist_n who_o have_v not_o fail_v to_o join_v the_o serpent_n with_o the_o dragon_n policy_n with_o cruelty_n for_o that_o end_n for_o which_o very_a reason_n our_o retreat_n and_o secession_n from_o that_o adulterous_a church_n shall_v be_v to_o speak_v with_o st._n jerome_n a_o thousand_o time_n the_o dear_a and_o more_o precious_a to_o we_o marcellan_n and_o may_v we_o in_o conformity_n to_o a_o high_a oracle_n never_o say_v a_o confederacy_n to_o her_o more_o except_o upon_o god_n own_o term_n of_o accommodation_n 19_o let_v she_o return_v unto_o thou_o but_o return_v not_o thou_o unto_o she_o till_o that_o bless_a day_n of_o power_n whereon_o the_o jealous_a god_n zealous_a for_o his_o truth_n and_o worship_n raise_v up_o and_o animate_v those_o famous_a champion-worthies_a luther_n and_o calvin_n with_o their_o fellow-reformer_n wisdom_n advocate_n as_o well_o as_o child_n unto_o a_o rescue_v of_o the_o truth_n hold_v so_o long_o in_o unrighteousness_n and_o a_o earnest_n contest_v for_o the_o abovenamed_a faith_n which_o be_v once_o deliver_v to_o the_o saint_n dictate_v by_o god_n own_o spirit_n record_v in_o his_o word_n and_o by_o a_o continue_a series_n &_o succession_n of_o his_o servant_n professor_n under_o both_o testament_n ever_o since_o the_o war_n be_v first_o commence_v between_o the_o two_o seed_n without_o interruption_n own_a and_o maintain_v profess_v preserve_v propagate_v and_o through_o his_o good_a providence_n truth_n be_v chief_a guardian_n happy_o transmit_v and_o convey_v to_o we_o at_o last_o god_n have_v never_o leave_v himself_o without_o a_o witness_n of_o his_o truth_n in_o the_o church_n more_o than_o of_o his_o power_n in_o the_o world_n which_o they_o polish_a and_o refine_a and_o for_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v with_o they_o recover_v to_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o primitive_a light_n and_o lustre_n resolve_v all_o into_o original_a authority_n the_o law_n and_o the_o testimony_n howbeit_o our_o adversary_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n do_v ignorant_o or_o insolent_o charge_v the_o reform_a religion_n with_o enthusiastic_a novelty_n as_o be_v of_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n date_n and_o of_o yesterday_o calculate_v its_o rise_n by_o its_o resurrection_n the_o sunrising_n by_o a_o sunshine_n as_o if_o its_o reformer_n be_v its_o author_n and_o they_o founder_n where_o they_o be_v only_a repairer_n whereas_o themselves_o do_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n like_o the_o gibeonite_n under_o colour_n of_o the_o rag_n and_o tatter_n of_o their_o superstitious_a ceremony_n and_o the_o dry_a and_o mouldy_a bread_n of_o their_o corrupt_a doctrine_n pretend_v to_o be_v come_v from_o far_o as_o if_o the_o ancient_n of_o day_n be_v the_o parent_n of_o their_o novel_a and_o spurious_a brat_n but_o we_o who_o have_v consult_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o eternal_a god_n have_v not_o so_o learned_a christ_n be_v inform_v and_o ascertain_v by_o the_o only_a infallible_a one_o that_o how_o specious_a &_o plausible_a to_o flesh_n and_o blood_n soever_o their_o religion_n be_v it_o be_v ever_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v full_a of_o carnal_a and_o meritricious_a allurement_n than_o of_o argument_n yet_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o now_o reader_n be_v that_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n dedicate_v under_o its_o first_o edition_n by_o its_o anonymus_fw-la but_o judicious_a and_o sober_a learned_a author_n to_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o of_o bless_a memory_n and_o under_o the_o last_o with_o addition_n by_o another_o very_a good_a hand_n to_z king_n charles_n the_o second_o our_o present_a sovereign_n comprehend_v a_o brief_a historical_a account_n of_o the_o whole_a more_o especial_o of_o the_o rise_n and_o growth_n of_o church-rite_n and_o ceremony_n their_o first_o introduction_n into_o the_o church_n and_o their_o gradual_a propagation_n and_o advancement_n to_o superstition_n in_o it_o of_o the_o witness_n of_o truth_n all_o along_o that_o dark_a and_o tedious_a interval_n of_o about_o fourteen_o hundred_o year_n under_o the_o great_a defection_n superstition_n and_o torrid_a zone_n of_o antichristian_a persecution_n namely_o father_n council_n confessor_n martyr_n and_o other_o pious_a zealot_n and_o votary_n valiant_a for_o the_o truth_n all_o which_o die_v in_o the_o faith_n and_o many_o of_o they_o for_o it_o the_o name_n and_o successful_a endeavour_n of_o the_o first_o reformer_n those_o tree_n of_o righteousness_n whereby_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n embitter_v with_o romish_a wormwood_n revel_v 8._o 11._o be_v sweeten_v and_o many_o other_o particular_n specify_v in_o the_o useful_a and_o fruitful_a preface_n prefix_v to_o the_o treatise_n from_o which_o i_o have_v only_o lop_v off_o what_o i_o judge_v to_o be_v more_o luxuriant_a and_o superfluous_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o to_o which_o i_o refer_v thou_o so_o that_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o write_n of_o father_n and_o other_o church-history_n as_o those_o of_o sozomen_n eusebius_n epiphanius_n the_o magdenburgian_n centuriator_n etc._n etc._n at_o large_a be_v here_o represent_v by_o way_n of_o short_a compend_n and_o breviary_n i_o therefore_o conceive_v the_o translation_n of_o the_o same_o into_o our_o vernacular_a tongue_n a_o thing_n more_o recreative_a than_o laborious_a to_o be_v well_o worthy_a of_o my_o more_o spare-hour_n and_o the_o perusal_n thereof_o
the_o intent_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n be_v herein_o some_o allege_v that_o that_o observance_n tend_v to_o a_o imitation_n of_o the_o miraculous_a fast_o of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o evangelical_n history_n that_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n fast_a be_v previous_a to_o the_o passover_n by_o the_o space_n of_o six_o month_n proof_n sufficient_a that_o antiquity_n have_v some_o other_o end_n and_o aim_v in_o the_o celebration_n of_o this_o fast_a else_o doubtless_o they_o will_v have_v pitch_v upon_o a_o time_n coincident_a with_o that_o wherein_o our_o saviour_n fast_v iren._n behold_v then_o the_o true_a account_n there_o be_v a_o order_n at_o that_o time_n establish_v in_o the_o church_n that_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n approach_v those_o who_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v public_a penance_n shall_v present_v themselves_o to_o be_v reingratiated_n and_o receive_v into_o peace_n with_o she_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o catechumenes_n supper_n be_v baptize_v for_o those_o day_n be_v particulary_a appropriate_v to_o that_o work_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o those_o be_v thing_n of_o great_a moment_n the_o church_n proceed_v therein_o with_o fast_v and_o prayer_n beside_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o behove_v to_o prepare_v themselves_o for_o the_o commemoration_n of_o the_o death_n and_o resurrection_n of_o jesus_n christ_n and_o for_o the_o solemn_a communion_n upon_o the_o easter-day_n ensue_v but_o to_o show_v that_o this_o observance_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o not_o upon_o any_o peremptory_a impose_v law_n we_o must_v remark_n the_o diversification_n which_o attend_v that_o custom_n iren._n for_o in_o some_o church_n this_o fast_o last_v three_o week_n in_o other_o seven_o day_n only_o and_o in_o other_o forty_o day_n and_o from_o this_o quarantine_n come_v the_o name_n of_o the_o quadragesimal_n our_o lent_n which_o be_v former_o call_v the_o paschal_n fast._n anno_fw-la 160._o etc._n etc._n now_o this_o age_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o violent_a persecution_n which_o last_v along_o time_n after_o full_a of_o horror_n all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v bedew_v and_o all_o the_o judicatoriâ—s_v therein_o over-glutted_n with_o christian_a blood_n torment_n exquisite_a terror_n universal_a revolt_v frequent_a yea_o there_o be_v find_v among_o they_o who_o to_o palliate_v their_o infamous_a cowardice_n teach_v that_o martyrdom_n be_v but_o matter_n of_o mere_a indifferency_n 4._o reckon_n it_o extreme_a folly_n and_o madness_n to_o suffer_v death_n for_o their_o profession_n the_o sepulcher_n of_o martyr_n be_v load_v with_o reproach_n and_o their_o memory_n with_o execration_n for_o the_o rage_n and_o malice_n of_o their_o enemy_n not_o satisfy_v with_o their_o death_n extend_v the_o persecution_n to_o their_o very_a bone_n and_o that_o they_o may_v deprive_v christian_n of_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o future_a 5._o resurrection_n one_o of_o the_o main_a argument_n of_o their_o constancy_n they_o frequent_o expose_v their_o dead_a body_n to_o the_o hunger-bitten_a rage_n of_o ravenous_a beast_n place_v guard_n and_o sentinel_n day_n and_o night_n to_o hinder_v any_o that_o may_v attempt_v to_o give_v they_o burial_n all_o that_o remain_v of_o they_o be_v burn_v and_o the_o ash_n throw_v into_o river_n or_o scatter_v in_o the_o air_n the_o church_n then_o that_o they_o may_v enkindle_v zeal_n in_o the_o people_n and_o dispose_v they_o for_o the_o glory_n of_o martyrdom_n present_v they_o with_o new_a incentives_n for_o excitation_n and_o encouragement_n the_o grecian_n do_v yearly_a celebrate_v the_o memorial_n of_o their_o hero_n and_o such_o illustrious_a person_n as_o have_v die_v valiant_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o this_o solemnity_n be_v perform_v about_o their_o tomb_n jul._n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v by_o so_o do_v animate_v and_o encourage_v the_o survive_a unto_o the_o like_a achievement_n christian_n judge_v this_o to_o be_v a_o very_a proper_a mean_n to_o persuade_v many_o person_n to_o suffer_v death_n for_o the_o gospel_n and_o to_o confirm_v other_o in_o such_o a_o magnanimous_a resolution_n do_v imitate_v their_o example_n their_o main_a care_n then_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v to_o bury_v their_o martyr_n and_o where_o they_o can_v not_o recover_v the_o whole_a body_n they_o endeavour_v careful_o to_o gather_v up_o the_o very_o least_o fragment_n in_o case_n the_o fury_n of_o their_o persecutor_n have_v leave_v any_o remainder_n now_o those_o relic_n be_v honourable_o inter_v without_o any_o such_o custom_n as_o afterward_o come_v to_o pass_v galliae_fw-la for_o although_o martyrdom_n be_v repute_v a_o most_o glorious_a thing_n and_o those_o bless_a soul_n be_v very_o precious_a with_o the_o church_n yet_o so_o it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o honour_n that_o they_o afford_v their_o body_n be_v a_o honourable_a interment_n nothing_o different_a from_o the_o common_a after_o this_o the_o custom_n be_v introduce_v of_o a_o anniversary_n commemoration_n of_o the_o combat_n and_o constancy_n of_o martyr_n 15._o upon_o the_o same_o day_n whereon_o they_o have_v suffer_v death_n call_v by_o they_o the_o day_n of_o their_o nativity_n in_o regard_n that_o upon_o they_o they_o be_v install_v in_o another_o life_n and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o they_o be_v bury_v from_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o cemetery_n become_v the_o ordinary_a place_n of_o their_o assembly_n for_o those_o anniversary_n day_n return_v very_o frequent_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o martyr_n by_o who_o death_n most_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v renown_v upon_o those_o day_n than_o the_o whole_a church_n assemble_v together_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o their_o valiant_a champion_n be_v as_o if_o she_o mean_v to_o warm_v her_o zeal_n at_o their_o ash_n and_o to_o spirit_n herself_o thereby_o for_o a_o more_o prompt_a commemoration_n of_o their_o martyrdom_n public_a prayer_n and_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o scripture_n be_v finish_v they_o rehearse_v in_o order_n the_o name_n of_o those_o who_o have_v be_v upon_o that_o day_n put_v to_o death_n for_o the_o truth_n they_o likewise_o relate_v the_o several_a conflict_n by_o they_o sustain_v who_o fierceness_n enhance_v their_o constancy_n their_o courage_n also_o be_v display_v in_o term_n full_a of_o applause_n and_o admiration_n their_o glorious_a trophy_n and_o the_o rich_a garland_n propound_v as_o the_o prize_n of_o their_o victory_n finish_v the_o panegyric_n which_o consist_v in_o thanksgiving_n to_o god_n for_o give_v they_o the_o victory_n the_o whole_a action_n be_v conclude_v with_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n now_o the_o intent_n of_o those_o solemnity_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o show_v that_o such_o as_o be_v dead_a in_o christ_n be_v still_o alive_a both_o in_o god_n and_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o church_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o animate_v and_o encourage_v the_o people_n unto_o the_o like_a suffering_n this_o be_v the_o design_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n for_o thus_o do_v they_o explain_v themselves_o smyrn_n we_o can_v never_o say_v they_o abandon_v christ_n nor_o serve_v any_o other_o we_o adore_v christ_n as_o the_o son_n of_o god_n and_o we_o cherish_v the_o martyr_n as_o the_o disciple_n and_o follower_n of_o our_o lord_n we_o solemnize_v the_o day_n of_o their_o nativity_n which_o be_v that_o of_o their_o death_n in_o remembrance_n of_o such_o as_o have_v conflict_v for_o the_o truth_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o exercise_v and_o exciting_a of_o other_o thereunto_o we_o hope_v to_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o the_o like_a grace_n and_o at_o last_o compartner_n and_o fellow-sharer_n in_o the_o same_o glory_n among_o the_o head_n of_o discipline_n observe_v in_o those_o time_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o material_a such_o as_o be_v convict_v of_o any_o notorious_a crime_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v confession_n of_o it_o public_o 9_o in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n to_o beg_v pardon_n and_o to_o undergo_v whatever_o shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o which_o do_v they_o enjoin_v they_o some_o kind_n of_o satisfaction_n whereby_o they_o behove_v to_o manifest_v the_o sincerity_n of_o their_o repentance_n this_o they_o do_v to_o contain_v other_o in_o their_o duty_n as_o also_o to_o prevent_v the_o blame_n and_o reproach_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n among_o infidel_n as_o if_o it_o give_v indulgence_n to_o vice_n through_o silence_n under_o it_o now_o they_o pretend_v not_o by_o this_o public_a repentance_n to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o god_n to_o who_o none_o can_v render_v the_o least_o compensation_n for_o the_o least_o offence_n commit_v but_o only_a to_o the_o scandalize_v church_n or_o to_o a_o injure_a neighbour_n anno_fw-la 195._o this_o second_o age_n we_o must_v needs_o conclude_v with_o a_o famous_a
reproach_n and_o obloquy_n do_v common_o attend_v those_o who_o fault_n be_v thus_o display_v to_o the_o open_a view_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 37._o they_o therefore_o order_v that_o delinquent_n shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n consult_v their_o pastor_n 6._o who_o cognosce_v upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n shall_v consider_v whether_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o declare_v the_o same_o in_o public_a or_o only_o to_o mention_v it_o in_o general_a without_o specification_n of_o the_o crime_n itself_o there_o be_v many_o also_o who_o out_o of_o shame_n shun_v public_a confession_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v likewise_o about_o the_o year_n 260._o that_n when_o as_o such_o as_o have_v abandon_v themselves_o to_o the_o apostasy_n which_o fall_v out_o under_o the_o persecution_n stir_v up_o by_o decius_n require_v to_o be_v readmit_v into_o the_o church_n there_o be_v many_o who_o withstand_v their_o reception_n allege_v that_o they_o be_v not_o long_o capable_a of_o readmission_n into_o she_o and_o under_o that_o pretence_n many_o do_v separate_v themselves_o which_o make_v way_n to_o the_o schism_n of_o the_o novatian_o it_o be_v therefore_o find_v expedient_a for_o avoid_v of_o scandal_n accrue_v to_o many_o from_o public_a confession_n to_o change_v the_o same_o into_o private_a one_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o out_o of_o their_o many_o pastor_n they_o shall_v choose_v one_o of_o a_o good_a conversation_n 35._o a_o prudent_a person_n and_o capable_a of_o a_o secret_a to_o who_o that_o charge_n shall_v be_v commit_v from_o thence_o come_v the_o penitentiaries_n howbeit_o this_o change_n happen_v only_o at_o the_o begin_n in_o the_o greek_a church_n for_o the_o western_a church_n retain_v the_o custom_n of_o public_a confession_n until_o the_o time_n of_o leo_n bishop_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o year_n 450._o final_o whereas_o public_a confession_n be_v only_o of_o more_o notorious_a and_o enormous_a crime_n the_o same_o be_v once_o change_v into_o particular_a they_o begin_v to_o recommend_v it_o to_o practice_n exhort_v the_o people_n to_o confess_v their_o very_a least_o escape_n and_o defect_n from_o the_o beam_n to_o the_o mote_n and_o that_o more_o frequent_o than_o they_o be_v well_o able_a to_o do_v now_o this_o confession_n be_v not_o of_o divine_a right_n nor_o do_v antiquity_n ever_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v such_o for_o afterward_o to_o wit_n about_o the_o year_n 396._o upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o scandal_n arise_v from_o it_o it_o be_v abolish_v by_o nectorius_n bishop_n of_o constantinople_n that_o which_o he_o will_v never_o have_v attempt_v have_v they_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v of_o divine_a institution_n neither_o do_v it_o consist_v in_o a_o scrupulous_a enumeration_n of_o all_o thought_n word_n and_o action_n which_o may_v be_v account_v faulty_a for_o in_o the_o church_n of_o constantinople_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o populous_a among_o they_o there_o be_v of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n but_o one_o only_a person_n who_o charge_n it_o be_v to_o receive_v confession_n which_o have_v not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n have_v every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v to_o confession_n and_o to_o render_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o all_o his_o action_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o judge_v needful_a for_o obtain_v of_o remission_n of_o sin_n but_o useful_a for_o instruction_n of_o the_o ignorant_a for_o consolation_n to_o the_o afflict_a for_o reform_v of_o sinner_n for_o resolve_v of_o such_o difficulty_n as_o may_v ripen_v into_o a_o case_n of_o conscience_n and_o last_o for_o counsel_n to_o the_o perplex_a author_n of_o the_o same_o age_n make_v mention_n also_o of_o certain_a virgin_n 11._o who_o consecrate_v themselves_o to_o god_n whereof_o this_o be_v the_o original_n the_o then_o reign_v persecution_n oblige_v christian_n to_o involve_v themselves_o as_o little_a as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o liberty_n of_o that_o profession_n be_v frequent_o fetter_a and_o infringe_v with_o the_o encumbrance_n which_o attend_v a_o marry_a state_n there_o be_v many_o virgin_n who_o with_o the_o concurrent_a advice_n and_o consent_n of_o their_o parent_n resolve_v to_o live_v in_o perpetual_a continency_n and_o to_o join_v themselves_o with_o great_a strictness_n then_o ordinary_a to_o jesus_n christ_n they_o present_v themselves_o therefore_o to_o the_o church_n who_o with_o solemn_a prayer_n recommend_v they_o to_o god_n and_o the_o care_n of_o the_o poor_a to_o they_o who_o they_o be_v to_o succour_v in_o their_o sickness_n and_o relieve_v in_o their_o necessity_n for_o it_o be_v unto_o such_o deed_n of_o charity_n that_o they_o devote_v themselves_o but_o as_o touch_v the_o vow_n of_o celibacy_n it_o be_v in_o their_o own_o liberty_n to_o relinquish_v that_o condition_n when_o ever_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o they_o and_o in_o case_n they_o conceive_v that_o they_o can_v serve_v god_n with_o great_a integrity_n in_o a_o state_n of_o marriage_n than_o in_o that_o of_o virginity_n the_o vow_n of_o continency_n also_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o esteem_v irrevocable_a we_o have_v say_v that_o they_o carry_v the_o eucharist_n to_o the_o sick_a and_o that_o they_o administer_v the_o same_o afterward_o even_o to_o little_a child_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o those_o either_o through_o infirmity_n of_o body_n or_o through_o tenderness_n of_o year_n can_v not_o convenient_o receive_v the_o cup_n they_o therefore_o sometime_o dip_v the_o bread_n in_o the_o wine_n that_o so_o they_o may_v receive_v the_o whole_a sacrament_n entire_a for_o the_o people_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n do_v promiscuous_o communicate_v under_o both_o sign_n now_o albeit_o this_o expedient_a of_o soak_v or_o dip_v the_o bread_n in_o the_o wine_n be_v never_o practise_v but_o in_o such_o extraordinary_a case_n yet_o notwithstanding_o many_o affect_a to_o make_v it_o a_o general_a custom_n introduce_v it_o into_o the_o ordinary_a communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o which_o usage_n some_o tract_n be_v continue_v in_o after_o time_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n anno_fw-la 300._o etc._n etc._n about_o the_o year_n 300._o and_o afterward_o there_o be_v many_o ceremony_n introduce_v persecution_n continue_v even_o till_o then_o now_o behold_v emperor_n who_o submit_v their_o sceptre_n to_o christ_n sheephook_n and_o throw_v their_o crown_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o his_o cross_n the_o church_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o ash_n of_o her_o own_o child_n as_o yet_o of_o a_o sanguine_a complexion_n be_v receive_v into_o savour_n with_o the_o great_a constantine_n and_o hence_o forth_o repose_v herself_o under_o the_o shade_n of_o his_o laurel_n do_v as_o it_o be_v renew_v her_o youth_n she_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o wilderness_n into_o city_n from_o cave_n into_o palace_n from_o desert_n into_o church_n and_o from_o poverty_n into_o plenty_n and_o pompous_a abundance_n this_o prosperous_a change_n produce_v divers_a effect_n people_n repair_v to_o the_o church_n in_o crowd_n but_o yet_o the_o simplicity_n of_o christianity_n do_v dis-relish_a many_o who_o have_v still_o before_o their_o eye_n the_o pomp_n and_o magnificence_n of_o paganism_n they_o therefore_o judge_v it_o necessary_a to_o re-attire_n religion_n with_o the_o more_o splendid_a and_o ornamental_a ceremony_n to_o the_o end_n that_o through_o the_o splendour_n of_o her_o ornament_n she_o may_v become_v the_o more_o august_n and_o acceptable_a and_o like_a as_o they_o have_v do_v former_o in_o compliance_n with_o jew_n and_o gentile_n who_o only_a talk_n be_v of_o sacrifice_n our_o christian_n give_v the_o supper_n sacris_fw-la the_o title_n of_o sacrifice_n and_o the_o table_n the_o name_n of_o altar_n howbeit_o the_o language_n use_v then_o be_v not_o mean_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v put_v upon_o it_o afterward_o for_o when_o ever_o they_o mention_v the_o altar_n they_o understand_v the_o table_n which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o assembly_n whereupon_o they_o lay_v the_o offering_n that_o be_v present_v by_o the_o faithful_a and_o thus_o they_o explain_v themselves_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o eucharist_n now_o one_o of_o the_o first_o occupation_n that_o christian_n under_o their_o respite_n from_o persecution_n busy_v themselves_o in_o be_v this_o the_o body_n of_o many_o of_o their_o martyr_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o wide_a open_a field_n or_o else_o expose_v to_o the_o highway_n and_o their_o grave_n cover_v with_o filth_n and_o nastiness_n they_o begin_v therefore_o to_o drag_v their_o body_n out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v inter_v and_o to_o transport_v they_o into_o city_n in_o order_n to_o a_o more_o honourable_a sepulture_n which_o transportation_n be_v perform_v with_o some_o solemnity_n the_o whole_a church_n assist_v thereat_o with_o sing_v of_o psalm_n the_o coffin_n cover_v with_o a_o rich_a cloth_n after_o
etc._n shall_v thereupon_o be_v incapable_a of_o any_o ecclesiastic_a charge_n or_o office_n now_o those_o prejudication_n be_v transfer_v from_o particular_a synod_n to_o that_o general_a one_o of_o nice_a wherein_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o oblige_v churchman_n to_o abstinency_n from_o marriage_n most_o vote_n carry_v it_o in_o the_o affirmative_a but_o paphnutius_fw-la a_o person_n of_o great_a renown_n and_o a_o sufferer_n for_o the_o gospel_n one_o who_o be_v never_o marry_v stand_v up_o oppose_v that_o determination_n 4_o judge_v according_a to_o scripture_n that_o marriage_n be_v honourable_a in_o all_o his_o opinion_n prevail_v dracant_fw-la and_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o whole_a assembly_n which_o yet_o decree_v that_o such_o as_o be_v receive_v already_o into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v as_o yet_o unmarried_a shall_v not_o marry_v at_o all_o this_o decree_n be_v not_o found_v upon_o any_o law_n but_o upon_o custom_n only_o and_o that_o not_o universal_o receive_v for_o after_o this_o council_n many_o famous_a bishop_n marry_v st._n hilary_n gregory_n nyssene_n gregory_n nazianzen_n the_o father_n of_o st._n basil_n the_o great_a and_o a_o great_a many_o more_o ecclesiastic_n be_v marry_v during_o their_o episcopacy_n howbeit_o there_o be_v many_o who_o so_o much_o magnify_v celibacy_n as_o that_o they_o obtrude_v it_o for_o a_o thing_n necessary_a anno_fw-la 350._o etc._n etc._n if_o we_o proceed_v a_o little_a further_o we_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o new_a term_n in_o the_o latin_a church_n whereof_o yet_o the_o sense_n have_v be_v change_v the_o sermon_n be_v finish_v they_o celebrate_v the_o eucharist_n but_o now_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o person_n who_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o be_v present_a at_o that_o action_n namely_o the_o catechumenes_n who_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o sufficient_o instruct_v in_o the_o mystery_n of_o religion_n the_o penitent_n who_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o receive_v into_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n and_o daimoniack_n such_o as_o be_v possess_v with_o devil_n sermon_n end_v the_o deacon_n intimate_v to_o all_o such_o that_o it_o behove_v they_o to_o withdraw_v dismiss_v they_o in_o these_o term_n item_fw-la missa_fw-la est_fw-la which_o word_n be_v only_a valedictory_n signify_v the_o congee_n or_o solemn_a leave_n take_v of_o they_o and_o be_v no_o wise_a understand_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n put_v upon_o it_o in_o succeed_a age_n all_o the_o public_a exercise_n of_o the_o church_n be_v call_v massâ—s_n because_o they_o be_v all_o conclude_v with_o a_o orison_n immediate_o follow_v upon_o the_o â—issa_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o congee_n or_o valediction_n anno_fw-la 370._o etc._n etc._n yet_o be_v not_o this_o term_n so_o dangerous_a as_o the_o new_a rhetoric_n which_o they_o begin_v soon_o after_o to_o display_v the_o church_n celebrate_v the_o memorial_n of_o the_o saint_n by_o a_o simple_a recital_n of_o their_o virtue_n and_o by_o exhort_v of_o every_o one_o to_o a_o imitation_n thereof_o to_o those_o panegyric_n they_o add_v the_o ornament_n of_o language_n the_o great_a orator_n with_o who_o the_o chair_n be_v then_o well_o furnish_v produce_v what_o ever_o the_o rule_n of_o eloquence_n to_o they_o suggest_v julian._n thus_o about_o the_o year_n 370._o in_o the_o commemoration_n of_o the_o martyr_n they_o begin_v to_o use_v prosopopeias_n and_o apostrophee_n one_o of_o they_o declaim_v in_o this_o manner_n hear_v you_o people_n you_o that_o live_v already_o and_o you_o that_o be_v as_o yet_o unborn_a hear_v likewise_o thou_o soul_n of_o great_a constantine_n if_o so_o be_v there_o be_v any_o sense_n in_o thou_o etc._n etc._n julian._n for_o say_v he_o i_o be_o constrain_v to_o bespeak_v he_o just_a as_o if_o he_o be_v present_a and_o as_o if_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o auditory_a the_o same_o author_n in_o the_o second_o oration_n which_o he_o make_v upon_o the_o same_o subject_n direct_v his_o speech_n to_o the_o soul_n of_o julian_n the_o apostate_n which_o yet_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v in_o hell_n there_o be_v then_o a_o vast_a difference_n between_o those_o oratorion_n apostrophee_n and_o the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n a_o figure_n of_o rhetoric_n and_o a_o act_n of_o worship_n and_o yet_o be_v this_o strain_n of_o oratory_n a_o prelude_n to_o a_o gross_a ensue_a abuse_n for_o after_o this_o example_n do_v the_o ignorant_a people_n begin_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o address_v their_o request_n to_o saint_n depart_v as_o if_o their_o rude_a dialect_n or_o meaning_n have_v be_v to_o they_o intelligible_a but_o we_o must_v remark_n that_o neither_o then_o nor_o for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o be_v the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n practise_v in_o the_o church_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a this_o superstitious_a brat_n hatch_v by_o the_o cacozealous_a fervour_n of_o a_o few_o private_a person_n be_v condemn_v as_o illegitimate_a 79._o by_o the_o doctor_n of_o that_o age_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o saint_n be_v indeed_o advance_v to_o true_a honour_n and_o rest_n in_o glory_n but_o yet_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v by_o we_o magnify_v beyond_o what_o be_v convenient_a that_o the_o sacred_a virgin_n be_v never_o intend_v for_o a_o object_n of_o adoration_n but_o that_o the_o luxuriant_a honour_n to_o she_o ascribe_v do_v proceed_v from_o some_o superstitious_a female_n â—_o silly_a woman_n accomplice_n with_o such_o as_o in_o jeremiah_n time_n worship_v the_o queen_n of_o heaven_n that_o the_o comparison_n make_v by_o those_o who_o urge_v the_o example_n of_o king_n 1._o to_o who_o address_n be_v usual_o make_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o courtier_n or_o officer_n be_v altogether_o impertinent_a like_v as_o some_o heretic_n of_o those_o time_n especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o phrygia_n have_v their_o recourse_n to_o god_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o angel_n 2._o have_v among_o they_o the_o oratory_n of_o st._n michael_n this_o invocation_n of_o angel_n be_v also_o condemn_v of_o heresy_n by_o the_o council_n of_o â—â—aodicea_n hold_v about_o the_o year_n 368._o in_o those_o time_n many_o person_n what_o through_o curiosity_n what_o through_o zeal_n resort_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o more_o eminent_a martyr_n be_v inter_v for_o we_o have_v see_v how_o careful_a the_o church_n be_v in_o collect_v of_o their_o bone_n yea_o in_o transport_v they_o from_o remote_a place_n and_o dispose_v of_o they_o to_o magnificent_a sepulcher_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a natural_a affection_n that_o prompt_v every_o one_o with_o a_o curious_a desire_n to_o see_v those_o body_n which_o be_v sometime_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o st._n chrysostome_n say_v ephes._n i_o esteem_v of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n not_o because_o of_o the_o pillar_n of_o marble_n but_o because_o of_o the_o pillar_n of_o the_o church_n therein_o the_o body_n of_o st._n peter_n suppose_v to_o have_v be_v there_o and_o st._n paul_n who_o can_v afford_v i_o at_o present_a the_o favour_n of_o be_v stretch_v out_o all_o along_o upon_o the_o body_n of_o st._n paul_n of_o be_v nail_v to_o his_o sepulchre_n of_o behold_v the_o dust_n of_o that_o body_n which_o bear_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o lord_n jesus_n and_o that_o mouth_n by_o which_o christ_n himself_o speak_v i_o covet_v to_o see_v the_o sepulchre_n wherein_o be_v enclose_v that_o armour_n of_o righteousness_n that_o armour_n of_o light_n those_o member_n which_o still_o live_v and_o be_v dead_a whilst_o live_a i_o covet_v to_o see_v those_o chain_n those_o bond_n etc._n etc._n the_o intent_n then_o of_o those_o visit_n be_v that_o they_o may_v be_v confirm_v in_o the_o same_o faith_n for_o which_o those_o martyr_n suffer_v that_o so_o they_o may_v have_v part_n in_o the_o same_o resurrection_n and_o this_o they_o beseech_v god_n for_o by_o prayer_n pour_v out_o over_o their_o sepulcher_n now_o those_o place_n become_v the_o more_o famous_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o rumour_n spread_v that_o miracle_n be_v wrought_v by_o their_o mean_n for_o arianism_n be_v then_o become_v very_o general_a it_o be_v possible_a that_o god_n may_v at_o that_o time_n have_v confirm_v by_o miracle_n the_o orthodox_n faith_n howbeit_o so_o it_o be_v that_o this_o persuasion_n draw_v the_o people_n to_o those_o sepulcher_n but_o superstition_n at_o the_o same_o time_n follow_v thereupon_o for_o than_o begin_v the_o belief_n ambros._n that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o divine_a virtue_n subject_v in_o those_o relic_n prevalent_a against_o the_o malady_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o the_o body_n it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o saint_n be_v as_o so_o many_o tutelary_a guardian_n and_o fortress_n to_o the_o city_n wherein_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o so_o much_o that_o every_o one_o covet_v to_o have_v some_o of_o they_o and_o for_o
all_o the_o province_n under_o its_o command_n the_o western_a church_n have_v then_o the_o form_n of_o divine_a service_n in_o this_o language_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n understand_v by_o all_o but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n through_o the_o intercourse_n of_o barbarous_a nation_n disperse_v throughout_o the_o empire_n new_a tongue_n offer_v the_o latin_a become_v estrange_v yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o use_n thereof_o in_o church_n though_o the_o people_n have_v already_o lose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o same_o and_o indeed_o not_o only_o be_v the_o mystery_n of_o religion_n in_o church_n but_o likewise_o matter_n of_o justice_n in_o palace_n and_o judicatory_n still_o manage_v in_o latin_a like_a as_o all_o contract_n and_o agreement_n be_v also_o write_v in_o the_o same_o language_n nor_o be_v it_o as_o yet_o a_o hundred_o year_n since_o this_o barbarism_n be_v expel_v france_n anno_fw-la 605._o hitherto_o be_v the_o church_n govern_v by_o divers_a patriarch_n each_o of_o who_o have_v his_o several_a jurisdiction_n apart_o every_o one_o of_o those_o within_o his_o respective_a patriarchy_n enact_v law_n and_o assemble_v council_n in_o which_o quality_n he_o of_o rome_n act_v but_o only_o as_o the_o rest_n to_o wit_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o it_o be_v that_o he_o frequent_o affect_v a_o universal_a preeminency_n over_o all_o the_o church_n sometime_o labour_v by_o might_n and_o main_a to_o transfer_v to_o himself_o the_o appeal_n of_o the_o other_o bishop_n sometime_o prevail_v upon_o the_o address_n of_o such_o as_o in_o hope_n of_o succour_n from_o he_o implore_v his_o assistance_n yea_o sometime_o allege_v forge_v and_o spurious_a act_n as_o at_o the_o six_o council_n of_o carthage_n which_o crush_v that_o attempt_n now_o in_o that_o of_o chalcedon_n hold_v about_o the_o year_n 450._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o constantinople_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a dignity_n nevertheless_o they_o procure_v the_o primacy_n the_o one_o in_o emulation_n of_o the_o other_o and_o many_o be_v the_o contest_v and_o controversy_n commence_v between_o they_o upon_o this_o occasion_n yea_o in_o the_o year_n 472._o the_o emperor_n leo_n determine_v in_o favour_n of_o he_o of_o constantinople_n confer_v upon_o he_o the_o precedency_n to_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o be_v style_v oecumenick_n but_o when_o once_o â—hocas_fw-es attain_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o murder_v of_o mauricius_n his_o predecessor_n this_o same_o parricide_n be_v on_o the_o one_o side_n offend_v with_o cyriacus_n bishop_n of_o constantinople_n who_o refuse_v to_o countenance_v his_o inhumanity_n on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o condign_a hatred_n of_o his_o action_n may_v occasion_v a_o revolt_n against_o himself_o in_o italy_n insomuch_o that_o boniface_n iii_o through_o offer_n make_v of_o his_o good_a service_n obtain_v of_o he_o that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n shall_v be_v the_o capital_a church_n and_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n shall_v be_v call_v the_o sovereign_n and_o universal_a bishop_n thus_o by_o a_o imperial_a edict_n and_o not_o by_o any_o divine_a right_n be_v there_o a_o universal_a bishop_n create_v in_o the_o church_n the_o quality_n which_o gregory_n himself_o decline_v 4._o none_o can_v possible_o affect_v but_o the_o forerunner_n of_o antichrist_n it_o be_v under_o colour_n of_o this_o specious_a title_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v ever_o from_o thence_o forward_o exert_v and_o execute_v all_o the_o act_n of_o their_o pretend_a primacy_n boniface_n iu._n soon_o after_o open_v the_o pantheon_n at_o rome_n and_o erect_v therein_o the_o image_n of_o all_o the_o saint_n 4_o in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o pagan-god_n this_o be_v the_o temple_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v st._n marry_o the_o round_a world_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n namely_o in_o the_o year_n 610._o that_o monster_n mahomet_n the_o scourge_n of_o christianity_n show_v himself_o anno_fw-la 690._o till_o about_o the_o year_n 690._o the_o church_n use_v only_o the_o figure_n ✚_o of_o the_o cross_n consist_v of_o two_o traverse_v piece_n of_o wood_n and_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o represent_v jesus_n christ_n under_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lamb_n which_o be_v only_o a_o symbolical_a picture_n but_o the_o four_o general_a council_n ordain_v that_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n in_o his_o humane_a shape_n shall_v be_v affix_v to_o the_o cross_n only_o to_o re-mind_n we_o say_v they_o of_o his_o conversation_n in_o the_o flesh_n his_o passion_n and_o death_n thus_o begin_v the_o use_n of_o the_o crucifix_n but_o without_o any_o kind_n of_o adoration_n anno_fw-la 700._o etc._n etc._n then_o also_o be_v private_a mass_n obtrude_v wherein_o the_o priest_n communicate_v all_o alone_a this_o corruption_n spring_v from_o the_o lukewarmness_n of_o the_o people_n heretofore_o when_o as_o zeal_n be_v as_o yet_o vigorous_a the_o whole_a assembly_n do_v communicate_v and_o that_o every_o day_n of_o the_o week_n but_o this_o devotion_n wax_v cold_a the_o communion_n be_v restrict_v to_o the_o sabbath_n and_o the_o more_o solemn_a day_n the_o clergy_n nevertheless_o still_o communicate_v every_o day_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o clergy_n likewise_o neglect_v the_o communion_n there_o be_v none_o but_o the_o priest_n alone_o that_o do_v communicate_v from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o instead_o of_o one_o great_a bread_n which_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o break_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o whole_a multitude_n they_o now_o consecrate_v only_a one_o small_a one_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o penny_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o one_o individual_a person_n likewise_o instead_o of_o the_o great_a vessel_n use_v for_o the_o sacramental_a wine_n they_o use_v viol_n in_o their_o mass-service_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o people_n have_v once_o abandon_v the_o communion_n do_v withal_o decline_v the_o present_n of_o any_o more_o offering_n that_o they_o may_v oblige_v they_o to_o a_o continuance_n 〈◊〉_d that_o liberality_n they_o give_v they_o to_o undeâ—â—stand_v that_o though_o they_o do_v not_o any_o moâ—_n communicate_v yet_o divine_a service_n shoulâ—_n not_o cease_v to_o be_v useful_a and_o available_a tâ—_n they_o provide_v they_o will_v continue_v the_o assistance_n of_o their_o customary_a offering_n and_o instead_o of_o the_o communion_n they_o give_v they_o bread_n over_o which_o they_o pray_v call_v hallow_v bread_n thus_o be_v private_a mass_n substitute_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o holy_a supper_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o priest_n when_o he_o communicate_v all_o alone_a by_o himself_o do_v still_o use_v the_o same_o term_n which_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o pronounce_v when_o there_o be_v many_o communicant_n for_o he_o pray_v that_o the_o sacrament_n may_v tend_v to_o the_o salvation_n of_o all_o the_o receiver_n even_o than_o i_o say_v when_o as_o himself_o be_v the_o sole_a and_o only_a partaker_n moreover_o from_o the_o relinquish_a of_o the_o eucharist_n another_o change_n proceed_v for_o when_o that_o this_o exercise_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o frequent_v the_o whole_a be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n save_v that_o in_o the_o first_o antiquity_n after_o a_o exhortation_n make_v by_o the_o pastor_n every_o one_o present_v pray_v with_o a_o submissive_a voice_n to_o the_o end_n that_o god_n may_v vouchsafe_v to_o bless_v the_o work_n but_o the_o remain_a part_n thereof_o especial_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o supper_n be_v pronounce_v very_o loud_o so_o as_o that_o the_o whole_a assembly_n may_v hear_v afterward_o there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a appearance_n of_o person_n that_o offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o communion_n the_o priest_n begin_v to_o speak_v with_o a_o more_o low_a voice_n and_o final_o there_o be_v none_o present_a but_o the_o priest_n himself_o only_o who_o communicate_v he_o do_v at_o length_n utter_v the_o word_n of_o consecration_n so_o low_a as_o that_o none_o but_o himself_o can_v understand_v they_o this_o be_v call_v the_o secret_a of_o the_o mass_n spring_v from_o a_o misprision_n of_o the_o sacrament_n hold_v at_o this_o day_n for_o a_o mystery_n anno_fw-la 780._o it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o church_n pasch._n that_o christian_n before_o the_o communion_n do_v interchangeable_o give_v each_o other_o the_o kiss_n of_o peace_n in_o token_n of_o fraternal_a union_n and_o concord_n for_o the_o lord_n prayer_n end_v they_o say_v peace_n be_v with_o we_o and_o with_o that_o the_o christian_n do_v mutual_o salute_v one_o another_o but_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o acquit_v themselves_o herein_o more_o out_o of_o ceremony_n than_o true_a charity_n they_o check_v and_o severe_o rebuke_v those_o who_o kiss_v of_o peace_n be_v only_o matter_n of_o lip-labour_n now_o about_o the_o year_n 780._o
therefore_o he_o call_v jesus_n christ_n a_o worker_n of_o sign_n add_v that_o by_o they_o christ_n be_v represent_v and_o receive_v whence_o maximus_n his_o scholar_n hierarch_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 630._o we_o attain_v not_o to_o a_o immediate_a discovery_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o in_o matter_n divine_a but_o we_o arrive_v at_o perfection_n through_o the_o intervention_n of_o sign_n such_o as_o be_v the_o cup_n of_o blessing_n as_o the_o apostle_n call_v it_o and_o the_o bread_n which_o we_o break_v those_o thing_n be_v sign_n only_o not_o the_o truth_n itself_o moreover_o recommend_v to_o consideration_n the_o expression_n of_o that_o same_o dionysius_n call_v theâ—reopagite_n â—reopagite_z note_v say_v he_o that_o he_o every_o where_o term_n the_o divine_a sacrifice_n symbolical_a or_o figurative_a and_o that_o the_o holy_a offering_n be_v sign_n of_o more_o real_a heavenly_a thing_n but_o towards_o the_o year_n 840._o some_o through_o their_o hyperbolical_a term_n other_o through_o question_n move_v touch_v the_o alteration_n of_o sign_n do_v by_o degree_n give_v occasion_n for_o conceit_v of_o a_o new_a opinion_n concern_v the_o sacrament_n which_o be_v in_o fine_a in_o the_o year_n 1059._o ripen_v into_o perfection_n it_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o lateran_n council_n under_o nicholas_n the_o second_o 2._o that_o the_o â—read_n and_o the_o wine_n be_v the_o very_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o that_o he_o be_v sensible_o feel_v break_a and_o crumble_v by_o the_o tooth_n of_o believer_n expression_n absurd_a and_o impious_a and_o disow_v by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n we_o shall_v here_o in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o order_n of_o time_n annex_v to_o all_o those_o testimony_n of_o father_n by_o we_o produce_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o roman_a decretal_a collect_v by_o gratian_n the_o father_n of_o the_o canonist_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 1160._o he_o in_o the_o second_o distinction_n of_o the_o consecration_n in_o the_o canon_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la express_v himself_o thus_o the_o heavenly_a â—read_n which_o be_v the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n be_v in_o a_o peculiar_a respect_n call_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n howbeit_o to_o speak_v true_o it_o be_v a_o sacred_a sign_n of_o christ_n body_n to_o wit_n of_o he_o who_o become_v visible_a palpable_a mortal_a be_v at_o last_o crucify_v and_o upon_o the_o gloss_n of_o the_o doctor_n have_v these_o word_n worthy_a of_o consideration_n the_o heavenly_a sacrament_n wherein_o the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n be_v true_o represent_v be_v call_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n but_o improper_o for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v after_o a_o manner_n congruous_a and_o peculiar_a to_o itself_o howbeit_o not_o according_a to_o the_o real_a truth_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o by_o way_n of_o a_o significant_a mystery_n so_o that_o the_o sense_n run_v thus_o it_o be_v call_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n that_o be_v to_o say_v this_o be_v thereby_o signify_v judge_v then_o sober_a reader_n how_o much_o and_o how_o far_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v at_o present_a depart_v from_o the_o sense_n and_o belief_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n even_o that_o of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o famous_a canonist_n gratian._n we_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o that_o which_o we_o read_v in_o justin_n martyr_v his_o second_o apology_n for_o christian_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v what_o the_o practice_n be_v of_o pure_a antiquity_n as_o well_o in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o holy_a supper_n as_o in_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o divine_a service_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o that_o one_o may_v thereby_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v who_o approach_v near_a thereunto_o whether_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o have_v whole_o deace_v and_o pervert_v the_o model_n of_o true_a religion_n and_o utter_o destroy_v that_o spiritual_a worship_n which_o we_o owe_v to_o god_n or_o those_o who_o to_o 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of_o those_o thing_n through_o that_o spirit_n and_o prayer_n and_o thanksgiving_n be_v finish_v all_o the_o people_n present_a gives_z consent_n by_o acclamation_n say_v amen_o which_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n so_o be_v it_o now_o after_o that_o the_o precedent_n have_v give_v thanks_o and_o all_o the_o people_n have_v by_o acclamation_n consent_v those_o who_o be_v name_v deacon_n with_o we_o administer_v to_o all_o that_o be_v present_a bread_n wine_n and_o water_n be_v bless_v and_o carry_v the_o same_o to_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a and_o this_o repast_n be_v with_o we_o call_v the_o eucharist_n proceed_v we_o to_o another_o point_n and_o view_v the_o sequel_n and_o progress_n of_o those_o innovation_n anno_fw-la 1055._o at_o this_o time_n under_o victor_n ii_o the_o redemption_n of_o penance_n be_v introduce_v for_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o they_o may_v be_v lawful_o convert_v into_o penalty_n of_o another_o nature_n as_o pecuniary_a mulct_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o alm_n donative_n bestow_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o church_n pilgrimage_n and_o other_o thing_n equivalent_a proportionable_o to_o the_o year_n of_o penance_n allot_v they_o and_o that_o such_o as_o have_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o accommodate_v themselves_o herein_o may_v redeem_v their_o year_n of_o penance_n with_o the_o number_n of_o psalm_n sing_v by_o they_o with_o fast_n in_o the_o strength_n of_o bread_n and_o water_n with_o scourge_v and_o scarify_n of_o themselves_o and_o other_o kind_n of_o voluntary_a mortification_n whence_o the_o custom_n of_o whip_v proceed_v and_o from_o the_o same_o source_n the_o batuss_n themselves_o and_o penitent_n now_o by_o those_o exchange_n and_o redemption_n the_o ancient_a discipline_n be_v utter_o subvert_v we_o have_v see_v that_o the_o indulgence_n be_v no_o other_o than_o certain_a relaxation_n or_o limitation_n of_o church-penalty_n intend_v for_o curtail_v of_o the_o time_n prescribe_v to_o penitent_n before_o that_o they_o can_v be_v readmit_v to_o the_o communion_n but_o the_o virtue_n of_o those_o indulgence_n be_v afterward_o extend_v beyond_o this_o world_n for_o shorten_v of_o the_o year_n of_o their_o abode_n in_o purgatory_n a_o thing_n which_o the_o primitive_a christian_n never_o once_o dream_v of_o we_o have_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o penitent_n who_o ordinary_o be_v very_o numerous_a tender_v themselves_o to_o the_o church_n have_v their_o face_n cover_v with_o ash_n in_o token_n of_o humility_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n derive_v that_o vain_a ceremony_n of_o ash-wednesday_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o lent_n and_o in_o this_o action_n they_o sing_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n which_o they_o sing_v heretofore_o when_o as_o there_o be_v any_o number_n of_o person_n do_v of_o public_a penance_n anno_fw-la 1090._o urban_n ii_o that_o he_o may_v advance_v superstition_n ordain_v about_o the_o year_n 1090._o that_o upon_o every_o saturday_n a_o mass_n shall_v be_v say_v in_o honour_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n chaplet_n or_o pater-noster_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n invent_v by_o peter_n the_o hermit_n 9_o together_o with_o the_o office_n and_o hour_n of_o our_o lady_n anno_fw-la 1160._o alexander_n iii_o decree_v the_o canonization_n of_o saint_n and_o ordain_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v from_o thenceforward_a acknowledge_v saint_n but_o who_o the_o pope_n first_o declare_v such_o anno_fw-la 1212._o christ_n corporal_a presence_n in_o the_o sacrament_n have_v already_o gain_v some_o credit_n but_o they_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o agree_v upon_o the_o pretend_a conversion_n of_o sign_n behold_v then_o how_o that_o a_o little_a after_o the_o year_n 1215._o in_o the_o lateran_n council_n innocent_a iii_o determine_v the_o form_n thereof_o who_o will_v all_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o bread_n be_v transubstantiate_v into_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o wine_n into_o his_o blood_n thus_o be_v transubstantiation_n ratify_v and_o that_o
model_n and_o example_n of_o that_o of_o rome_n whereupon_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v many_o bishop_n and_o priest_n who_o will_v not_o in_o the_o least_o acknowledge_v he_o call_v he_o the_o author_n of_o lie_n a_o disturber_n of_o the_o christian_a peace_n and_o a_o corrupt_a of_o the_o faith_n of_o christian_n anno_fw-la 840._o rabanus_n maurus_n archbishop_n of_o mayence_n 14._o and_o disciple_n to_o alcuinus_fw-la who_o he_o esteem_v the_o most_o know_a person_n of_o all_o the_o learned_a of_o those_o time_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o clerk_n speak_v of_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o supper_n say_v that_o when_o we_o be_v command_v to_o eat_v the_o flesh_n and_o to_o drink_v the_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n it_o be_v a_o figurative_a locution_n and_o that_o this_o mystery_n be_v spiritual_a and_o for_o this_o reason_n thomas_n of_o walden_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o pope_n martin_n v._n who_o come_v to_o the_o popedom_n in_o the_o year_n 1417_o hold_v that_o he_o sense_v the_o holy_a sacrament_n amiss_o and_o rank_n he_o with_o heretic_n anno_fw-la 849._o bertram_z a_o preacher_n of_o great_a fame_n as_o well_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o profound_a knowledge_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o for_o his_o inculpableâ—life_n in_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n which_o he_o address_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o bald_a upon_o that_o emperor_n demand_v of_o his_o judgement_n touch_v the_o many_o controversy_n move_v about_o that_o doctrine_n do_v in_o resolution_n to_o what_o be_v propound_v to_o he_o plain_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o scripture_n of_o st._n augustine_n and_o the_o ancient_a doctor_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o transubstantiation_n in_o the_o supper_n but_o that_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o wine_n remain_v in_o their_o first_o substance_n under_o and_o by_o which_o the_o body_n &_o blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n be_v 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incomparable_a divine_a all_o which_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o antoninus_n himself_o archbishop_n of_o florence_n vincent_n of_o beauvais_n sabellicus_n volateran_n and_o platina_n be_v accompany_v with_o singular_a holiness_n of_o life_n he_o be_v likewise_o so_o great_o endear_v to_o charles_n the_o bald_a king_n of_o france_n and_o emperor_n that_o he_o be_v by_o he_o detain_v in_o france_n where_o he_o receive_v from_o he_o very_o honourable_a entertainment_n occasion_n then_o offer_v itself_o for_o his_o declare_v of_o his_o judgement_n touch_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o eucharist_n he_o express_v himself_o therein_o in_o a_o book_n bear_v the_o very_a same_o title_n with_o that_o of_o bertram_n wherein_o in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o divine_a scripture_n and_o of_o pious_a father_n especial_o of_o st._n augustine_n he_o establish_v and_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o same_o faith_n which_o that_o learned_a bertram_n have_v teach_v a_o little_a 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appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o that_o synod_n that_o this_o famous_a bishop_n cognosce_v upon_o matter_n therein_o agitate_a represent_v to_o that_o reverend_a assembly_n that_o all_o the_o poâ—es_n of_o this_o age_n be_v brand_v with_o notorious_a crime_n murder_n and_o tyranny_n monster_n of_o man_n full_a of_o infamy_n devoid_a of_o all_o knowledge_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a who_o else_o say_v he_o think_v you_o that_o man_n be_v who_o sit_v upon_o a_o high_a and_o lofty_a throne_n glitter_v with_o gold_n and_o purple_n but_o the_o antichrist_n infallible_o sit_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o god_n who_o marble_n etc._n etc._n be_v as_o fit_a to_o be_v consult_v as_o himself_o he_o add_v further_a that_o iâ—_n be_v much_o better_a to_o require_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o low-countries_n and_o 〈◊〉_d germany_n than_o of_o that_o city_n which_o be_v at_o thâ—â—_n day_n expose_v to_o sale_n and_o weigh_v judgement_n in_o the_o unjust_a balance_n of_o filthy_a 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of_o herself_o anno_fw-la 1050._o berenger_n archdeacon_n of_o angiers_n do_v profound_o confute_v the_o real_a presence_n and_o other_o abuse_v usher_v into_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1059_o have_v make_v his_o appearance_n before_o the_o lateran_n council_n whither_o he_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o fear_n of_o some_o cruel_a usage_n he_o sign_v a_o confession_n contrary_n to_o his_o judgement_n mention_v below_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n but_o after_o his_o return_n into_o france_n he_o retract_v the_o same_o and_o confirm_v his_o proselyte_n which_o be_v so_o numerous_a that_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n in_o his_o 3d_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o england_n do_v attest_v that_o all_o france_n be_v full_a of_o his_o doctrine_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n who_o add_v that_o not_o only_o the_o french_a but_o also_o great_a part_n of_o the_o italian_n and_o english_a embrace_v
be_v form_v of_o earth_n and_o clay_n but_o god_n have_v gift_v and_o inspire_v theâ—_n with_o the_o breath_n of_o a_o divine_a and_o heavenâ—ly_a life_n etc._n they_o be_v the_o dry_a bone_n in_o the_o proâ—phets_n vision_n which_o when_o by_o the_o spirit_n oâ—_n god_n miraculous_o quicken_v do_v in_o finâ—_n cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n god_n have_v cut_v anâ—_n polish_v they_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o gold_n diamond_n &_o pearl_n and_o expose_v they_o tâ—_n open_a view_n in_o case_n the_o sun_n of_o righteousâ—ness_n shall_v in_o order_n to_o the_o more_o accurate_a elaboration_n of_o this_o same_o gold_n find_v it_o fuâ—â—ther_o expedient_a to_o pass_v it_o through_o the_o fuâ—â—nace_n this_o be_v to_o put_v a_o high_a and_o morâ—_n considerable_a value_n upon_o it_o shall_v he_o in_o order_n to_o the_o polish_n of_o they_o diâ—â—mond-like_a fasten_v they_o to_o the_o wheel_n 〈◊〉_d affliction_n his_o end_n herein_o likewise_o werâ—_n to_o put_v a_o more_o sparkle_a lustre_n upon_o theâ—_n and_o through_o the_o several_a form_n engraveâ—_n upon_o they_o by_o his_o spirit_n to_o render_v theâ—_n a_o thousand_o time_n more_o bright_a and_o refuâ—â—gent_a final_o those_o magnificent_a pearâ—_n of_o the_o orient_a from_o on_o high_a 27._o wherein_o 〈◊〉_d neither_o spot_n nor_o wrinkle_n be_v nowhere_o 〈◊〉_d be_v find_v but_o in_o the_o ocean_n and_o bottom_n 〈◊〉_d the_o deep_a sea_n of_o adversity_n &_o temptation_n whereof_o god_n who_o have_v whiten_v they_o 〈◊〉_d the_o blood_n of_o his_o son_n have_v make_v a_o good_a chain_n which_o he_o vouchsafe_v to_o fasten_v upâ—â—_n the_o breast_n of_o his_o compassion_n or_o to_o wear_v as_o a_o noble_a bracelet_n upon_o the_o arm_n of_o his_o mercy_n and_o that_o he_o may_v crown_v all_o those_o grace_n 8._o likea_n as_o he_o assure_v we_o he_o botle_v our_o tear_n he_o careful_o repose_v and_o lock_v up_o all_o those_o rich_a pearl_n of_o price_n in_o his_o own_o treasury_n wherefore_o we_o can_v never_o enough_o lament_v the_o occecation_n and_o blindness_n of_o man_n who_o not_o know_v the_o time_n of_o their_o visitation_n have_v love_v the_o darkness_n of_o error_n rather_o than_o the_o light_n of_o truth_n which_o have_v with_o such_o a_o marvellous_a efficacy_n shine_v out_o towards_o those_o who_o be_v in_o darkness_n and_o in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o death_n that_o after_o the_o dawn_n of_o those_o bless_a day_n of_o reformation_n until_o which_o those_o poor_a soul_n be_v so_o miserable_o entangle_v through_o vain_a philosophy_n and_o the_o rudiment_n of_o the_o world_n 8._o which_o be_v not_o after_o christ_n that_o with_o they_o aristotle_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n more_o esteem_v of_o than_o a_o apostle_n that_o after_o i_o say_v that_o admirable_a change_n the_o sacred_a volume_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n which_o be_v to_o they_o before_o a_o book_n seal_v with_o seven_o seal_n &_o hard_o to_o be_v understand_v do_v through_o the_o several_a translation_n of_o the_o same_o into_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o vulgar_a language_n of_o europe_n become_v general_a and_o common_a it_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n after_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o exposition_n of_o divine_a book_n be_v reestablish_v in_o the_o church_n instead_o of_o fabulous_a legend_n which_o be_v former_o the_o ordinary_a subject_n of_o their_o sermon_n nor_o have_v they_o come_v this_o length_n but_o upon_o design_n to_o supplant_v the_o simple_a &_o through_o the_o shame_n and_o reproach_n which_o they_o sustain_v to_o see_v that_o we_o make_v that_o sacred_a word_n the_o very_a foundation_n and_o subject-matter_n of_o our_o doctrine_n and_o exhortation_n but_o that_o which_o they_o have_v ever_o offer_v and_o still_o offer_v such_o violence_n unto_o as_o that_o so_o little_a inquisitive_n be_v they_o after_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o truth_n therein_o contain_v their_o main_a care_n and_o business_n be_v to_o defend_v and_o maintain_v their_o error_n and_o upon_o this_o very_a account_n do_v they_o traduce_v and_o misapply_v the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_a doctor_n of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v humane_a and_o consequent_o fallible_a can_v never_o serve_v for_o a_o rule_n or_o judge_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n insomuch_o that_o even_o they_o themselves_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o sacred_a canon_n of_o divine_a scripture_n but_o fail_v of_o their_o reckon_n as_o touch_v the_o write_n of_o the_o father_n aswell_o as_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o perceive_v that_o all_o solid_a antiquity_n do_v deposit_v and_o testify_v in_o our_o favour_n as_o we_o have_v show_v above_o they_o suppress_v and_o stifle_v the_o most_o goodly_a and_o precious_a monument_n and_o the_o original_n of_o rich_a piece_n of_o christian_a antiquity_n or_o else_o mangle_v change_n and_o miserable_o deface_v they_o wherever_o their_o own_o cause_n be_v discountenance_v and_o fear_v lest_o that_o refuge_n may_v also_o fail_v they_o their_o doctor_n have_v in_o pursuance_n of_o a_o order_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n frame_v expurgatory_n indices_fw-la conformable_o whereunto_o they_o exhibit_v to_o we_o the_o write_n of_o the_o father_n and_o not_o content_v to_o pay_v we_o in_o clip_a money_n they_o also_o force_v upon_o we_o false_a and_o naughty_a allay_n obtrude_a many_o spurious_a piece_n for_o the_o product_n of_o antiquity_n or_o of_o some_o of_o the_o father_n which_o yet_o be_v never_o they_o as_o may_v easy_o appear_v if_o we_o compare_v the_o counterfeit_n with_o the_o true_a coin_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o the_o more_o soberlearned_a of_o the_o romish_a communion_n themselves_o have_v be_v always_o constrain_v to_o confess_v nevertheless_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o we_o shall_v still_o find_v even_o in_o those_o mutilous_a form_n matter_n enough_o for_o satisfy_v of_o they_o and_o for_o subvert_v and_o destroy_v of_o error_n by_o its_o own_o weapon_n who_o then_o will_v not_o judge_v from_o hence_o of_o the_o goodness_n and_o equity_n of_o our_o cause_n who_o can_v infer_v the_o naughtiness_n or_o desperacy_n of_o that_o of_o our_o party_n against_o who_o they_o have_v commence_v so_o criminal_a a_o process_n will_v yet_o notwithstanding_o be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o fact_n and_o refuse_v to_o understand_v our_o defence_n traduce_v we_o as_o guilty_a and_o according_o condemn_v we_o in_o the_o force_n and_o form_n as_o the_o say_n be_v of_o a_o proscription_n of_o sackage_n and_o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_a characterise_v that_o precipitant_a spirit_n by_o which_o they_o be_v act_v perceive_v that_o all_o right_a and_o reason_n fail_v they_o they_o for_o supply_n of_o that_o defect_n betake_v themselves_o to_o menace_n violence_n torment_n cruel_a punishment_n perjury_n massacre_n etc._n etc._n yea_o there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o artifice_n or_o stratagem_n imaginable_a which_o they_o have_v not_o employ_v and_o which_o they_o do_v not_o still_o employ_v through_o the_o sanguinary_a consult_v of_o their_o congregation_n parliament_n of_o the_o propagatour_n of_o the_o faith_n in_o order_n to_o the_o utter_a pervert_n or_o subvert_v of_o the_o truth_n by_o we_o profess_v but_o they_o have_v sufficient_o hammer_v upon_o that_o anvil_n all_o their_o tool_n will_v undoubted_o split_v upon_o it_o at_o last_o and_o god_n out_o of_o love_n to_o his_o great_a name_n will_v render_v his_o truth_n and_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o same_o everlasting_o triumphant_a over_o all_o its_o and_o their_o combine_a enemy_n let_v they_o not_o allege_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o have_v continue_v still_o in_o their_o communion_n and_o not_o to_o have_v separate_v from_o they_o since_o that_o be_v a_o thing_n which_o we_o can_v not_o possible_o do_v without_o a_o mortal_a wound_n to_o our_o conscience_n in_o give_v to_o the_o creature_n that_o which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o creator_n only_o and_o without_o involve_v and_o embrue_v of_o ourselves_o into_o a_o thousand_o superstition_n moreover_o we_o never_o go_v away_o from_o their_o communion_n till_o by_o themselves_o chase_v away_o through_o their_o persecute_v of_o we_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n it_o be_v fair_o do_v of_o they_o forsooth_o after_o just_a motive_n of_o our_o retreat_n and_o withdrawment_n and_o their_o cruel_a and_o rigid_a procedure_n against_o we_o to_o turn_v the_o same_o into_o our_o reproach_n for_o though_o after_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n basil_n and_o pisa_n a_o reformation_n be_v judge_v expedient_a and_o necessary_a it_o be_v the_o universal_a sense_n of_o all_o that_o the_o church_n behove_v to_o be_v reform_v both_o in_o head_n and_o member_n rome_n nevertheless_o ever_o loath_a to_o part_v with_o what_o she_o have_v once_o get_v obstinate_o maintain_v not_o only_o the_o doctrinal_n which_o be_v the_o main_a ground_n of_o our_o separation_n but_o even_o the_o most_o foppish_a and_o ridiculous_a appertinant_n of_o her_o creed_n and_o servile_a ceremony_n fear_v say_v
prayer_n and_o thanksgiving_n for_o the_o church_n pray_v for_o the_o believe_a and_o unbelieving_a for_o magistrate_n for_o friend_n and_o foe_n for_o present_a and_o absent_a for_o penitent_n for_o demoniac_n and_o in_o general_a for_o the_o whole_a world_n now_o that_o they_o may_v excite_v the_o people_n to_o the_o great_a fervency_n in_o prayer_n the_o pastor_n use_v this_o exhortation_n sursum_fw-la corda_fw-la lift_v up_o your_o heart_n on_o high_a whereunto_o they_o give_v this_o only_a answer_n habemus_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la we_o yield_v they_o to_o the_o lord_n for_o in_o the_o whole_a action_n they_o invoke_v none_o other_o than_o god_n in_o this_o age_n be_v likewise_o introduce_v as_o we_o have_v say_v litany_n or_o rogation_n first_o in_o the_o eastern_a church_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o western_a the_o pestilence_n at_o constantinople_n and_o the_o earthquake_n at_o lion_n and_o adjacent_a place_n administer_a the_o occasion_n hereof_o from_o thence_o they_o be_v extend_v upon_o the_o like_a occurrence_n throughout_o the_o whole_a both_o east_n and_o west_n now_o behold_v the_o form_n of_o the_o same_o they_o digest_v into_o certain_a article_n the_o public_a calamity_n and_o necessity_n pray_v for_o the_o peace_n from_o on_o high_a and_o the_o salvation_n of_o soul_n for_o the_o prosperity_n of_o god_n holy_a church_n for_o both_o clergy_n and_o people_n for_o high_a power_n and_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n for_o that_o province_n and_o city_n for_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o health_n for_o such_o as_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o journey_n or_o voyage_n for_o the_o sick_a for_o the_o imprison_a etc._n etc._n every_o one_o of_o those_o article_n be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n by_o the_o pastor_n the_o people_n answer_v to_o each_o thereof_o kyrie_fw-la eleison_fw-la lord_n have_v mercy_n upon_o we_o they_o afterward_o add_v other_o clause_n but_o the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n have_v no_o place_n in_o those_o litany_n 18._o one_o peter_n gnapheus_n or_o foulon_n patriarch_n of_o antioch_n be_v the_o first_o that_o foist_v the_o same_o into_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o church_n about_o the_o year_n 470._o and_o we_o must_v note_v that_o this_o person_n be_v corrupt_v with_o the_o eutychian_a heresy_n for_o which_o he_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o five_o general_n council_n thus_o do_v superstition_n which_o at_o first_o be_v only_o private_a become_v public_a at_o last_o and_o the_o commemoration_n of_o saint_n be_v change_v into_o invocation_n insomuch_o that_o in_o stead_n of_o address_v their_o discourse_n to_o the_o live_n in_o order_n to_o their_o imitate_v of_o the_o saint_n they_o now_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o saint_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o live_n howbeit_o this_o same_o invocation_n of_o saint_n be_v at_o the_o beginning_n use_v only_o by_o the_o greek_n for_o the_o latin_a church_n receive_v it_o not_o till_o above_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o as_o we_o shall_v also_o see_v in_o due_a time_n and_o place_n anno_fw-la 490._o let_v we_o conclude_v this_o five_o century_n with_o a_o observation_n which_o offer_v itself_o about_o the_o same_o time_n it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o many_o have_v at_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n introduce_v the_o custom_n of_o soak_a or_o dip_v bread_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o such_o as_o can_v not_o use_v the_o cup._n this_o usage_n be_v condemn_v by_o julius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o year_n 340._o howbeit_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o priest_n do_v still_o dip_v a_o moiety_n of_o the_o host_n in_o the_o wine_n of_o the_o chalice_n add_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o this_o immersion_n conduce_v to_o eternal_a life_n in_o the_o receiver_n this_o expedient_a so_o general_o use_v carry_v in_o it_o a_o demonstrative_a evidence_n that_o antiquity_n give_v the_o communion_n under_o the_o two_o species_n choose_v much_o rather_o in_o a_o exigence_n wherein_o they_o can_v no_o better_o order_v it_o to_o give_v soak_v or_o steep_v bread_n then_o to_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n under_o that_o only_a species_n now_o about_o the_o year_n 440._o the_o manichee_n who_o hold_v wine_n in_o abomination_n as_o the_o turk_n do_v at_o this_o day_n attempt_v to_o introduce_v the_o communion_n under_o one_o only_a species_n 4._o and_o whereas_o there_o be_v many_o in_o the_o church_n taint_v with_o that_o heresy_n they_o be_v discern_v by_o this_o token_n that_o they_o make_v some_o hesitation_n about_o receive_v of_o the_o chalice_n this_o superstition_n be_v suppress_v towards_o the_o year_n 490._o comperimus_fw-la by_o pope_n gelasius_n who_o ordain_v that_o they_o shall_v either_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n whole_a and_o entire_a or_o else_o whole_o abstain_v from_o and_o forbear_v it_o conformable_o to_o what_o be_v decree_v by_o leo_n his_o predecessor_n who_o impeach_v of_o sacrilege_n all_o those_o who_o repulse_n the_o cup_n of_o redeem_v blood_n a_o ordinance_n which_o condemn_v the_o mutilation_n of_o the_o sacrament_n introduce_v in_o aftertime_n by_o the_o romish_a church_n anno_fw-la 500_o etc._n etc._n we_o be_v now_o arrive_v at_o the_o year_n 500_o the_o historical_a use_n of_o image_n be_v receive_v into_o church_n which_o be_v the_o only_a use_n that_o christian_n apply_v they_o to_o for_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o their_o first_o introduction_n but_o now_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o degenerate_v into_o abuse_n herein_o and_o image_n be_v advance_v from_o contemplation_n to_o veneration_n many_o bishop_n willing_a to_o suppress_v this_o idolatry_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v break_v into_o piece_n within_o their_o several_a diocese_n but_o the_o popular_a torrent_n prevail_v over_o their_o zeal_n this_o same_o abomination_n enforce_v by_o custom_n be_v in_o fine_a authorize_v by_o those_o who_o part_n it_o be_v to_o reform_v it_o but_o a_o long_a time_n after_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n let_v we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o some_o innovation_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v at_o the_o same_o time_n anno_fw-la 528._o among_o the_o many_o other_o miracle_n practise_v in_o the_o church_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o apostle_n the_o anoint_v of_o the_o sick_a be_v one_o by_o virtue_n whereof_o they_o recover_v bodily_a health_n now_o howbeit_o the_o gift_n of_o healing_n be_v together_o with_o other_o miracle_n become_v antiquate_v yet_o do_v some_o heretic_n affect_v to_o retain_v the_o use_n of_o this_o same_o unction_n though_o now_o vacate_v of_o its_o pristine_a efficacy_n address_v it_o to_o another_o end_n for_o about_o the_o year_n 180._o 18._o the_o valentinian_o anoint_v their_o sick_a with_o oil_n when_o ever_o they_o perceive_v they_o to_o be_v under_o the_o approach_n of_o death_n add_v thereunto_o certain_a prayer_n pretend_v that_o the_o same_o do_v conduce_v to_o soul-salvation_n this_o superstition_n find_v no_o entertainment_n save_v among_o some_o certain_a heretic_n the_o church_n ever_o have_v it_o in_o detestation_n but_o about_o the_o year_n 528._o fellix_fw-la iu._n bishop_n of_o rome_n institute_v extreme_a unction_n which_o be_v afterward_o amplify_v with_o ceremony_n and_o receive_v in_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o sacrament_n now_o from_o what_o source_n it_o spring_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o determine_v anno_fw-la 535._o towards_o the_o year_n 535._o agapet_n i._o ordain_v procession_n before_o easter_n feast_n natal_n for_o which_o they_o give_v this_o goodly_a reason_n for_o as_o much_o say_v they_o as_o after_o the_o resurrection_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o angel_n say_v to_o the_o woman_n tell_v the_o disciple_n that_o he_o go_v before_o you_o into_o galilee_n 28._o now_o from_o this_o procession_n of_o easter_n those_o of_o the_o sabbath-day_n do_v afterward_o proceed_v anno_fw-la 536._o vigilius_n his_o successor_n natal_n ordain_v that_o those_o that_o celebrate_v the_o mass_n shall_v direct_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o from_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o altar_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o turn_v eastward_n to_o this_o vigilius_n be_v likewise_o attribute_v the_o feast_n of_o purification_n martion_n or_o candlemass_o whereof_o they_o give_v this_o account_n the_o pagan_n be_v wont_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o february_n to_o celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o proserpina_n with_o burn_a taper_n now_o for_o a_o diversion_n from_o this_o piece_n of_o pagan-impiety_n they_o institute_v the_o same_o day_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n anno_fw-la 600._o corruption_n be_v now_o become_v universal_a and_o nothing_o be_v henceforth_o to_o be_v see_v but_o horror_n we_o shall_v only_o run_v over_o the_o more_o principal_a the_o most_o notable_a change_n that_o befall_v religion_n come_v to_o pass_v towards_o the_o year_n 600._o this_o time_n be_v very_o dark_a the_o sun_n of_o truth_n overclouded_n and_o the_o bright_a star_n fall_v from_o heaven_n then_o be_v
gregory_n i._o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o not_o only_o approve_v of_o former_a innovation_n but_o superadd_v new_a one_o they_o substitute_v saint_n in_o the_o room_n of_o god_n to_o who_o they_o dedicate_v church_n festival_n and_o sacrifice_a priest_n private_a superstition_n be_v advance_v even_o to_o a_o invoke_v of_o they_o which_o invocation_n be_v now_o become_v public_a in_o the_o latin_a church_n for_o gregory_n enter_v the_o virgin_n mary_n into_o the_o litany_n and_o in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o acquire_v the_o same_o honour_n to_o all_o the_o saint_n whereas_o former_o there_o be_v only_o plain_a picture_n in_o church_n they_o now_o erect_v statue_n therein_o not_o those_o of_o saint_n only_o but_o likewise_o those_o of_o emperor_n howbeit_o they_o do_v not_o as_o yet_o allot_v thereunto_o any_o kind_n of_o worship_n the_o opinion_n of_o purgatory_n heretofore_o conceive_v by_o a_o few_o begin_v now_o to_o be_v confirm_v howbeit_o their_o belief_n be_v as_o yet_o far_o different_a from_o the_o modern_a in_o the_o thing_n for_o they_o hold_v that_o depart_v soul_n do_v divers_a way_n expiate_v their_o own_o sin_n by_o bath_n ice_n sink_n hang_v in_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n so_o doubtful_a hitherto_o be_v both_o the_o place_n and_o pain_n of_o purgatory_n nor_o have_v this_o doctrine_n any_o other_o foundation_n than_o the_o prejudices_fw-la of_o pagan_n the_o pretend_a apparition_n of_o spirit_n and_o vulgar_a credulity_n those_o persuasion_n nevertheless_o travel_v with_o friendship_n to_o antiquate_a ceremony_n who_o scope_n be_v the_o solace_v of_o the_o dead_a they_o believe_v also_o that_o the_o eucharist_n may_v be_v beneficial_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o make_v it_o subservient_fw-fr to_o this_o superstition_n turn_v a_o sacrament_n for_o the_o live_n into_o a_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o dead_a thus_o also_o whereas_o the_o offering_n for_o the_o dead_a be_v no_o other_o than_o alm_n bestow_v in_o memory_n of_o their_o piety_n they_o now_o receive_v the_o term_n of_o oblation_n into_o the_o very_a sacrament_n itself_o and_o that_o in_o expiation_n of_o their_o sin_n now_o proportionable_o to_o the_o introduction_n of_o new_a doctrine_n or_o new_a ceremony_n be_v the_o form_n of_o divine_a worship_n always_o chop_v and_o change_v as_o well_o in_o the_o eucharist_n as_o in_o public_a prayer_n liturgy_n be_v always_o different_a not_o only_o in_o several_a province_n but_o even_o frequent_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o witness_n among_o the_o greek_n those_o which_o be_v ascribe_v to_o st._n dionysius_n basile_n chrysostome_n and_o among_o the_o latin_n those_o attribute_v to_o st._n ambrose_n augustine_n and_o isidore_n yet_o notwithstanding_o as_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o one_o another_o in_o substance_n so_o likewise_o they_o have_v many_o thing_n common_a in_o point_n of_o form_n now_o gregory_n undertake_v to_o redress_n and_o new-model_n all_o church-form_n alter_v and_o add_v many_o passage_n and_o out_o of_o this_o same_o medley_n compose_v the_o office_n of_o the_o mass_n after_o the_o same_o form_n well-nigh_o wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n borrow_v the_o same_o from_o hebrew_n and_o greek_a clause_n as_o kyrie_fw-la eleison_fw-la from_o the_o greek_n and_o haleluia_o from_o the_o church_n of_o jerusalem_n we_o must_v note_v moreover_o that_o the_o ancient_a church_n receive_v the_o offering_n present_v by_o the_o people_n beseech_v god_n that_o those_o fruit_n of_o charity_n may_v become_v acceptable_a to_o he_o to_o which_o purpose_n they_o pronounce_v these_o orison_n we_o pray_v thou_o to_o accept_v of_o and_o bless_v these_o gift_n these_o present_n these_o holy_a sacrifice_n etc._n etc._n vouchsafe_v to_o regard_v they_o with_o a_o serene_a and_o propitious_a aspect_n and_o to_o accept_v of_o they_o as_o thou_o didâ—_n of_o the_o offering_n of_o thy_o righteous_a child_n abel_n etc._n etc._n command_v that_o they_o be_v convey_v to_o thy_o holy_a altar_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o thou_o angel_n those_o orison_n be_v retain_v in_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o mass_n but_o alienate_v to_o quite_o another_o intent_n for_o whereas_o they_o be_v former_o rehearse_v over_o the_o eleemosynary_a present_n of_o the_o faithful_a they_o be_v now_o pronounce_v over_o the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n by_o a_o absurdity_n full_a of_o sacrilege_n inasmuch_o as_o they_o do_v in_o express_a term_n pray_v for_o jesus_n christ_n parallel_v he_o with_o the_o sacrifice_n offer_v by_o the_o patriarch_n of_o old_a then_o be_v the_o gregorian_a hymn_n receive_v into_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o mass_n till_o the_o year_n 368._o there_o be_v not_o yet_o any_o sing_v use_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n damasus_n bishop_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o same_o time_n write_v to_o st._n jerome_n that_o he_o will_v send_v he_o the_o greek_a psalter_n because_o say_v he_o we_o be_v so_o studious_a of_o simplicity_n that_o upon_o the_o very_a sabbath-day_n there_o be_v only_o read_v one_o of_o the_o epistle_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o one_o of_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o the_o beauty_n of_o psalm_n do_v not_o appear_v in_o our_o mouth_n now_o the_o psalm_n be_v wont_n at_o first_o to_o be_v sing_v whole_a and_o entire_a by_o all_o the_o people_n in_o one_o uniform_a and_o continue_a song_n but_o afterward_o by_o way_n of_o diapsalm_n or_o pause_n and_o intermission_n final_o towards_o the_o year_n 418._o celestine_n i._o appoint_v they_o to_o be_v sing_v by_o way_n of_o antiphony_n or_o anthem_n that_o be_v to_o say_v interchangeable_o â—y_a versicles_n wherein_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o people_n do_v by_o turn_n answer_v one_o another_o after_o that_o they_o distinguish_v herein_o the_o â—ntroites_n sing_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o â—ervice_n the_o gradual_a when_o the_o deacon_n â—â—scended_v the_o pulpit-step_n in_o order_n to_o the_o â—ecture_n and_o the_o offertory_n whilst_o the_o people_n present_v their_o offering_n gregoryâ—hen_o â—hen_z compose_v a_o antiphonairy_n a_o book_n â—f_a anthem_n for_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o the_o â—ear_n and_o versicles_n and_o responsal_n for_o every_o day_n thereof_o he_o likewise_o constitute_v a_o college_n or_o choir_n of_o singing-man_n to_o â—ing_v the_o office_n and_o as_o if_o he_o have_v project_v the_o reduction_n of_o judaisme_n 14._o he_o borrow_v divers_a ceremony_n therefrom_o for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o â—egan_v to_o introduce_v unction_n into_o the_o priestly_a order_n and_o pontifical_a habit_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o levite_n we_o â—ust_z note_n by_o the_o way_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o monk_n be_v otherwise_o apparel_v than_o the_o common_a people_n in_o time_n past_o their_o apparel_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o other_o save_v in_o â—he_n simplicity_n and_o plainness_n thereof_o but_o afterward_o like_a as_o habit_n among_o man_n continue_v not_o long_o in_o one_o fashion_n they_o be_v alter_v among_o secular_o but_o be_v always_o retain_v in_o the_o same_o fashion_n among_o the_o monk_n and_o from_o hence_o arise_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o indeed_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o st._n benedict_n which_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a rome_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o that_o latus_fw-la clavus_fw-la which_o be_v of_o old_a wear_v by_o the_o roman_n lest_o therefore_o they_o shall_v make_v way_n to_o a_o innovation_n in_o point_n of_o habit_n they_o ever_o affect_v to_o confine_v themselves_o to_o the_o ancient_a form_n which_o yet_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o prevaricate_v from_o and_o decline_v howbeit_o this_o fashion_n of_o vesture_n be_v always_o appropriate_v to_o they_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o at_o length_n they_o attribute_v a_o kind_n of_o sanctity_n to_o it_o the_o same_o likewise_o befall_v ecclesiastic_n but_o gregory_n in_o pursuit_n of_o a_o universal_a change_n impose_v upon_o they_o new_a fashion_a habit_n conformable_a to_o the_o pattern_n of_o those_o which_o be_v specify_v in_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n he_o likewise_o ordain_v the_o use_n of_o perfume_n and_o the_o relic_n of_o saint_n at_o the_o consecration_n of_o church_n as_o also_o a_o space_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o taper_n and_o afterward_o sabinian_n his_o successor_n order_v that_o the_o lamp_n shall_v continue_v in_o church_n perpetual_o burn_v whereas_o antiquity_n never_o light_v they_o but_o in_o the_o night_n time_n to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o assembly_n now_o gregory_n hâ—â—ing_v found_v a_o new_a form_n of_o divine_a service_n cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v receive_v throughout_o all_o the_o western_a church_n in_o token_n of_o subjection_n this_o design_n which_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n in_o divers_a place_n produce_v such_o a_o confusion_n as_o remain_v incomposed_a to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v general_o know_v throughout_o europe_n the_o roman_a empire_n have_v spread_v it_o over_o