Selected quad for the lemma: religion_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
religion_n	church_n	roman_a	rome_n	3,452	5	6.8287	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54620	The political anatomy of Ireland with the establishment for that kingdom when the late Duke of Ormond was Lord Lieutenant ... : to which is added Verbum sapienti, or, An account of the wealth and expences of England, and the method of raising taxes in the most equal manner ... / by Sir William Petty ...	Petty, William, Sir, 1623-1687.; Tate, Nahum, 1652-1715.	1691 (1691)	Wing P1931; ESTC R4596	80,138	248

to speak more clearly and Authentically upon this Subject I shall insert the following Tables of exported and imported Commodities and from them make the subnexed Observations viz. The TABLES 1. THAT the Customs managed by the States-Officers yielded Anno 1657. under 12,000 l. but was farm'd Ann. 1658. for above thrice that Sum. 2. That the Stock which drives the Foreign Trade of Ireland doth near half of it belong to those who live out of Ireland 3. That Ann. 1664. before the Cattel-Statute ¾ of the Ireland Foreign Trade was with England but now not ¼ part of the same 4. That the Manufacture bestowed upon a years Exportation out of Ireland is not worth above 8000 l. 5. That because more eatables were exported Anno 1664. than 1641. And more Manufactures 1641. than Ann. 1664. It follows there were more people in Ireland Ann. 1641. than 1664. and in that proportion as was formerly mention'd 6. That the Exportations appear more worth than the Importations excepting that the Accompts of the former are more true but of the latter very conjectural and probably less than the Truth Of the Religion Diet Cloaths Language Manners and Interest of the several present Inhabitants of IRELAND WE said that of the 1100 M. Inhabitants of Ireland about 800 M. of them were Irish and that above 600 M. of them lived very simply in the Cabbins aforemention'd Wherefore I shall in the first place describe the Religion Diet c. of these being the major part of the whole not wholly omitting some of the other species also The Religion of these poorer Irish is called Roman Catholick whose Head is the Pope of Rome from whence they are properly enough called Papists This Religion is well known in the World both by the Books of their Divines and the Worship in their Churches wherefore I confine my self to what I think peculiar to these Irish. And first I observe that the Priests among them are of small Learning but are thought by their Flocks to have much because they can speak Latin more or less and can often out-talk in Latin those who Dispute with them So as they are thereby thought both more Orthodox and Able than their Antagonists Their Reading in Latin is the Lives of the Saints and Fabulous Stories of their Country But the Superior Learning among them is the Philosophy of the Schools and the Genealogies of their Ancestors Both which look like what St. Paul hath Condemned The Priests are chosen for the most part out of old Irish Gentry and thereby influence the People as well by their Interest as their Office Their Preaching seems rather Bugbearing of their flocks with dreadful Stories than persuading them by Reason or the Scriptures They have an incredible Opinion of the Pope and his Sanctity of the happiness of those who can obtain his Blessing at the third or fourth hand Only some few who have lately been abroad have gotten so far as to talk of a difference between the Interest of the Court of Rome and the Doctrine of the Church The Common Priests have few of them been out of Ireland and those who have were bred in Covents or made Friars for the most part and have humble Opinions of the English and Protestants and of the mischiefs of setting up Manufactures and introducing of Trade They also comfort their Flocks partly by Prophecies of their Restoration to their Ancient Estates and Liberties which the abler sort of them fetch from what the Prophets of the Old-Testament have delivered by way of God's Promise to restore the Iews and the Kingdom to Israel They make little esteem of an Oath upon a Protestant Bible but will more devoutly take up a Stone and swear upon it calling it a Book than by the said Book of Books the Bible But of all Oaths they think themselves at much liberty to take a Land-Oath as they call it Which is an Oath to prove a forg'd Deed a Possession Livery or Seisin payment of Rents c. in order to recover for their Countrey-men the Lands which they had forfeited They have a great Opinion of Holy-Wells Rocks and Caves which have been the reputed Cells and Receptacles of men reputed Saints They do not much fear Death if it be upon a Tree unto which or the Gallows they will go upon their Knees toward it from the place they can first see it They confess nothing at their Executions though never so guilty In brief there is much Superstition among them but formerly much more than is now for as much as by the Conversation of Protestants they become asham'd of their ridiculous Practices which are not de side As for the Richer and bettereducated sort of them they are such Catholicks as are in other places The Poor in adhering to their Religion which is rather a Custom than a Dogma amongst them They seem rather to obey their Grandees old Landlords and the Heads of their Septes and Clans than God For when these were under Clouds transported into Spain and transplanted into Connaught and disabled to serve them as formerly about the year 1656. when the Adventurers and Soldiers appeared to be their Landlords and Patrons they were observ'd to have been forward enough to relax the stiffness of their pertinacity to the Pope and his Impositions Lastly Among the better sort of them many think less of the Pope's Power in Temporals as they call it than formerly and begin to say that the Supremacy even in Spirituals lies rather in the Church diffusive and in qualified General-Councils than in the Pope al●ne or than in the Pope and his Cardinals or other Iuncto The Religion of the Protestants in Ireland is the same with the Church of England in Doctrine only they differ in Discipline thus viz. The Legal Protestants hold the Power of the Church to be in the King and that Bishops and Arch-Bishops with their Clerks are the best way of adjusting that Power under him The Presbyterians would have the same thing done and perhaps more by Classes of Presbyters National and Provincial The Independents would have all Christian Congregations independent from each other The Anabaptists are Independent in Discipline and differ from all those aforemention'd in the Baptism of Infants and in the inward and spiritual Signification of that Ordinance The Quakers salute not by uncovering the Head speak to one another in the second Person and singular Number as for Magistracy and Arms they seem to hold with the Anabaptists of Germany and Holland they pretend to a possibility of perfection like the Papists as for other Tenents 't is hard to fix them or to understand what things they mean by their Words The Diet of the poorer Irish is what was before discoursed in the Chapter The Cloathing is a narrow sort of Frieze of about twenty Inches broad whereof two foot call'd a Bandle is worth from 3● to 18 d. Of this Seventeen Bandles make a Man's Suit and twelve make a Cloak According to

part by reason of the late Rebellion do not sit in Parliament By about 3000 Freeholders and the Members of about 100 Corporations the University at Dublin reckoned for one represented in the House of Commons by about 270 Knights Citizens and Burgesses The Parliament so constituted have a Negative upon any Law that the Lord Lieutenant and Councel shall offer to the King and which the King and his Councel in England shall under the Great Seal remit to the said Parliament The Sheriffs of Counties and of Cities and Counties in Ireland are 40 finally appointed by the Lord Lieutenant each of which hath about Ten Bailiffs The Chief Governour called sometimes Lord-Lieutenant sometimes Lord-Deputy sometimes Lords Justices with a Council at this time consisting of about 50 Members do govern in all Matters belonging to the Peace Prerogative c. There be five Courts viz. a Chancery consisting of a Lord-Chancellor Master of the Rolls and two three or four Sallariated Masters of Chancery The King's-Bench of a Lord-Chief-Justice and two other Judges The Common-Pleas of the like The Exchequer of a Lord-Chief-Baron and two other Barons with the Treasurer and Chancellor of the Exchequer And a Prerogative whereof the Primate of Armagh is Judge There is also a Palatinate-Courtih Tipperary whereof the Duke of Ormond is Lord of the Liberties and Regalities to it belonging There is also a Court of Admiralty Every Bishop hath also two Courts And there have been formerly and lately but now An. 1672. suspended a Presidency of Munster and another of Connaght who meddle not with Life or Limb nor Titles of Land There is also a Court Marshal for the Affairs of the Army who in times of peace often transmit accus'd persons to the Civil-power To all these Courts do belong Officers Councellors of Law whereof I reckon are of the first Classis gaining by Estimation about 600 l. per Ann. each of the 2d gaining about 300 l. per Ann. And of the 3d gaining not above 100 l. per Ann. There are also sworn Attornies gaining about 120 l. per Ann. one with another There are in Ireland about 950 Justices of the Peace appointed by the Lord-Chancellor an Head-Constable for each Barony or Hundred being 252 and a Petty Constable for each Parish whereof are about 2278. The Ecclesiastical Government is by Arch-Bishops Bishops Arch-Deacons Deans of Cathedral-Churches in all which there are now actually but one Quire entire and that in Dublin serving both at christ-Christ-Church and St. Patrick's And the Parsons Vicars and Curates for the protestant-Protestant-Religion are in all Ireland at this day near 500 and about half the Tythes are Impropriate and belonging to Lay-men This is the State of the External and Apparent Government of Ireland so far as it concerns the Number and Species of Persons managing the same But the Internal and Mystical Government of Ireland is thus viz. 1. There are always about Twenty Gentlemen of the Irish Nation and Popish-Religion who by reason of their Families good Parts Courtly Education and Carriage are supported by the Irish to negotiate their Concernments at the Court of England and of the Vice-Roy in Ireland These men raise their Contributions by the Priests who actually and immediately govern the People The Priests are govern'd by at least 24 Romish Bishops all of whom have a long time been conversant in France Spain Italy Germany England whereas Chaplains and Almoners c. they have made an interest with the governing Men and Ministers of State in those several Kingdoms and have obtained some Benefits and Preferments from them So as the Body of the Irish-Papist's being about 800 M. whereof near 700 M. do live in wretched Cabbins without Chimney or Window are govern'd by about 1000 Secular Priests and 2500 Friars and Regulars of several Orders whereof most are Franciscans next Dominicans and Augustins but few Capuchins and Iesuits or Carthusians These I say are govern'd by their respective Bishops and Superiors whom the Ministers of Foreign States do also govern and direct So as upon the whole matter the Irish who are the Bulk of the Nation are govern'd indirectly by Foreign Power and so are the aforenamed Lay-Patriots their support coming from the Clergy constituted as aforesaid and who do notoriously exercise their Spiritual Jurisdiction in Ireland And do also exert a Temporal Power by prevailing with Papist Justices of the Peace to send such to Gaol as are disobedient to the Clergy upon feigned or frivolous Complaints which they cause to be brought against them The Judges aforenamed all but the Chancellor go Circuits whereof there are five twice every year excepting only the one County of Kerry There is an University at Dublin but lying for the most part within one College wherein are a Provost and seven Senior and Ruling Fellows Nine Junior Fellows sixty Sch lars and at this time Commoners and other Students There was about the year 1669 erected a College of Physicians consisting of a President and 13 Fellows There are belonging to the Prerogative Arch-Deacons Courts Court-Martial and Admiralty-Courts not above to Advocates and 30 Proctors There are in the City of Dublin a Lord-Mayor 2 Sheriffs 24 Aldermen 48 Sheriffs Peers and 96 of the Common-Council There are besides Companies or Corporations of Trades-men There is lately instituted an Hospital for poor Children not yet fully perfected nor endowed There is also an Hospital for Sick Lame and Old Soldiers but without Endowment and standing but at discretion and pleasure There are in and near Dublin three Publick Prisons and one House of Correction Lastly I must intimate that the Footmanship for which the Irish 40 years agone were very famous is now almost quite lost among them every man now keeping a small Garran to ride on unless in such rocky and craggy places where 't is easier to go a foot than to ride Of the Militia and Defence of IRELAND THERE be in Ireland as elsewhere two Militias one are the Justices of Peace their Militia of High and Petty Constables as also the Sheriffs Militia of his Servants and Bailiffs and Posse Comitatus upon extraordinary occasions Of these all together there are in Ireland near 3000 all of which are bound within their several Districts there to act and not elsewhere There is or hath lately been an Army in Ireland of about thirty Troops of Horse and sixty Companies of Foot with a Regiment of Guard at Dublin as a Life-Guard for the Lord Lieutenant making in all about five thousand Men. There is also a Protestant Militia of about 24000 Men viz. about ten thousand Horse and the rest Foot The people of Ireland are all in Factions and Parties called English and Irish Protestants and Papists Though indeed the real distinction is vested and devested of the Land belonging to Papists Ann. 1641. Of which the Irish that are vested by Restoration seem rather to take part with the devested And the chief Pique which the Popish-Clergy have at the Protestants is