had been one general Agreement to set all the Netherlands into a Combustion in some places the Magistrates by either Civil or Armed Authority hardly prevailing Onely the Inhabitants of Antoyes Heynault Luxemburgh and those adjoyning to them kept their Faith and Allegiance both to the Romane Church and the King unspotted and untainted in the midst of this Horrid Contagion In some places the Magistrates to prevent the Licention Fury of the People did first begin to remove and take away Images to some of whom boasting of their Service Viglim said very ingeniously That they too were mad but with a shew of Reason Many things which were thus stollen from Churches the Teachers urged might be restored but without any effect to the great Scandal of their Religion which by these mean had contracted new Infamy The Lady Margaret in this great Perturbation of Affairs being vehemently affrighted was not able now so well to obey the King's Commands who though too late had heard all these things at a distance in regard of the imminent dange because she was forced to give place to the Times and submit to the Counsels of the Confederate Lords without whose Authority they could not endure to hear of any thing At length therefore though with much Reluctancy she was drawn to this that she promised the Lords that none of those former Actions should be drawn into question They now one now another as long as they could have any Security renounced the League under this condition That all that slighted the Name of the Romish Religion or moderating thereof should not be deâ—ied Pardon And now while the People lay aside their Arms and Faults together they are allowed to have Sermons in those places which even till that time they had had for their Instruction and the Edicts were laid aside until the King and the States should take other Order in that behalf Presently Messengers were sent to several places to prohibite any further Force who did affirm they had obtained this by Treaty which in truth they extorted by violence First the Prince of Aurange sent to Antwerp being thâ—n troubled with a dangerous Sedition where having obtained the Name of Viscount or Sheriff as due unto him from his Predecessors he quickly brought that most strong City to his own Will where not so much minding the necessity of the time as to shun the Regents displeasure he caused not onely the new Discipline but Sermons also to cease not onely in the Fields as in other Places but within the very Walls The same also did Count Horn and others whose Brother being now returned out of Spain related unto him the Kings implacable Anger But the Letters sent to the Lady Margaret and by them surprized troubled them beyond measure they being thereby destined to Accusation and Destructions whereupon they all meet to counsel at Dendremond where Count Egmond was the chief man looked upon as being well-skilled in Warlike Affairs and well-beloved of the Souldiery But he whether allured by fair promises or mindfull of his duty affirmed he would not in any thing be wanting in his Allegiance to his Prince let him do what he would but would rather seek to appease his mind with good Counsel and wipe away former errors by future fidelity Unwise man that would not take notice that when great things in disobedience to Princes are begun with danger after the first setting out the 〈…〉 of reward and safety is in going on for revenge attends every step backward But the Prince of Aurange had a more prudent foresight for seeing these begun undertakings failed he writ Letters to the King humbly desiring that he permit to lay down all Offices and that he might betake himself to peace and rest in some private part of Germany To whom Philip craftily sent answer and how far will deceit prevail under the mask of simplicity intreating him that he would not now desert him while his Affairs were in such an unsetled Estate and when there was most need of his help withall advising him that he should for a time send away from him his Brother who was suspected of innovation in Religion untill all things should be better considered off But Aurange the more crafty and subtle of the two still urges for Licence to depart and in the mean time going back into the places under his own Government forbidding all severity and to prevent his surprise of the fortifications within those Provinces by forreign Souldiers that might to that end be provided under the pretence of liberty he by his single industry and policy stirred up all the valiant and couragious people to be at his Command 1567. He set forth also in writing the Counsel which he had given to the King to this effect That unless he gave Toleration to these Religions which the Neighbouring Nations had granted as necessary it would be a matter of dangerous consequence for at the best his Conquest would be attended with great mischief in exhausting the wealth and destroying the people of the Country But Count Horne retreated to his own home and there betook himself to a private life These thus dispersed the Regent easily perceiving whence at first these perturbations did arise betook her self to Viglius his former Counsels which had been slighted to wit to break the connexion and band which was between the Lords and the better and inferiour sort of the people which she brought to passe either by her self or others with them that so receded first by cavilling by and by more openly as if she had been terrified thereby would cast out the falling away of others for no sooner was she advertised by the private order of the Judges that they had proceeded against the persons who had committed Sacriledge in the tumult before mentioned who had gone beyond words against the publick rites even to the taking up of Arms the rest knowing themselves not able to go through with the management of their cause and likewise that they differed among themselves in point of Religion broke up their strength Nor did the confederate Lords either by hope or fear divided among themselves lesse betray the Weal-publick for Conscience a little accusing for their evill deeds some of them running over and submitting obtained Pardon others disswade the gathering of Taxes and levying Bands of Souldiers as things not fit for private men to undertake another sort while thus every one was minding his own particular are forgotten by all And now for the better maintaining the peace of the State the Regent beside the German Souldiers under the Command of Ericus of Brunswick commanded another Regiment of Walloons to be forthwith raised for by that name the people in that part of the Netherlands which borders upon France are called and are distinguished from the others by the use of the French Tongue and beside are more valiant and not so dull-witted as the rest And that she might the better choose able Commanders over them she
seek by all means to save himself Nor did Parma omit as having knowledge of the former Actions and provident to prevent the like in time to come to build a Castle that might bridle and keep under the unruliness of the City And now all Flanders being Reduced under his Command save onely Ostend and Scluys two Sea-Port Towns he forwards the increase of Provisions and to ease the Passage of all Souldiers coming thence or going thither he digged a deep Ditch to that part of the Bank where he had pitched his Tents Among all these things those who had the Care of Government in Antwerp implored the Aid of their Allies set new Taxes and raised Souldiers daily both in England and the Netherlands and certainly the Besieged had not like plenty of any thing for besides Sea-men there were Fourscore full Companies of Foot and Sixteen Troops of Horse that defended Brabant But the Senators Magistrates Captains and other Superiour Military Officers too great a Number to Rule well distracted the unseâ—led Government of the City And this Mischief was so much the more pernicious in that the letting in of the Waters and other things necessary to be done for the publick Advantage were hindred and gain-said for fear forsooth of private Dammage The Neighbours who were not so nearly concerned in the danger of the City looking one upon another let slip the Opportunity of relieving the same while yet the Enemy was unsetled and not warm in his Seat When they were at the utmost pinch of Extremity then too late they pleased to be prodigal both of Wealth and Life when it could not advantage any one Truly the vain Expectation of Forreign Aid did chiefly frustrate the Counsels of the Netherlanders who were now driven to such a strait that they would have subjected themselves to other Kingdoms but could not be accepted The King of Spain's Forces were in a short time mightily increased and if he should recover the Netherlands â— should be eased of the Toil and Charge of War they would become Formidable to all near and about them Neither was there now a Prince of Aurange to support them 〈◊〉 fainting under the Burthers or to erect and stir up their Courages quite tyred out with Slaughters unto a hope â— better Times by his own Prudence and Constancy of Miâ—â— For in truth he was of so mild a Nature and withall â— popular that he never seemed to be grateful enough to and for his Liberty and Honour nor would he hide Vices the were fit to be spoken of Above all things he avoided the Suspition of Covetousness for which most did esteem hâ— Judiciously many customarily a person admirable and worthy the highest Honour and Respect in regard of his Age Stock of Nobility and Experience He being gone â— Obedience vanished so that it could not be restored without the main Pillar of Forreign Aid to support it For the Common People did not onely begin to contemn the Authority of the Lords eminent by no powerful Resulgency and lately decayed by so many unfortunate Actions but the Souldiers also grew Refractory to Command and had lost their wonted Diligence and Duty towards their Leaders Aâ—â—â— all which Mischances a ready Way was opened to the Pameneian Subtilty to cover the Slavery he intended under very specious Names Wherefore now Affairs being as it were utterly desperate both the King of France and the Queen of England sent to them such as should not onely condole with them for the Loss of the Prince of Aurange their Captain but should likewise comfort them concerning the Sorrow and Mishap of their other Businesses And this was a Noble Argument that the Neighbour Princes though they would sometimes leave off to Aid the Hollanders with their Wealth and Constancy yet they would not utterly forfiâ—â— them in time of danger But it was much disputed of their two which they should choose for their Defender for the bated Rule and Dominion of the French was freshly remembred in Italy and the Lordly domineering of the English was not forgotten in France and Ireland tasted thereof to this day Among these the People being called to Counsel they are very sparing in imposing and granting Subsidies for there the Laws are of great force and the Monarchical Power is not unlimited But with the French all their Customs are corrupted for mony and he that desires to serve his Country must buy the Employment at a great price The English love hardship and their Laws are very pinching upon words yet no sooner are evills taken care for either to be prevented or removed but immediately by little and little the same is balked by example But the English Religion was the same with theirs which in France by cruel and persidious dealings was laboured to be torn in pieces or utterly extinguished yet on the contrary there were some hopes from the Family of Burbon that valiantly defended that Religion which they professed out these were suddenly dashed in the consideration of the ambiguity of succession there among the pretenders whereto was the Queen of Scots that was wholly devoted to Rome and Spain Thus were present Affairs scanned and the events of future danger rationally deliberated The French prepared a great Power almost equall to that of the Enemy the English raised but small Forces but they were for Sea-service France is preferred but by the voluntary perswasions of the English who confessing themselves the weaker party offered onely necessary ayd in extremity and received their Pledges Thus the necessity of the times prevailed to the forgetting or at least the laying aside those old animosities which had lately been brought freshly into memory by the Duke of Anjou And hence a great Secret was publickly discovered to the World to wit That the Netherlanders could be subject to a Lord but would not bow to the Spaniards 〈◊〉 the demands and particulars were by many degrees more moderate and reasonable then those whereto Francis of Valâ— was formerly obliged and whatsoever their Legates had of private instructions they quickly declared for fear of offence There were taken away also from those things what made their liberty seem hated to wit That it might be lawful for the States to meet without the Kings Command That the Senate should consist all of the Netherlanders That the Governours and Magistrates should be chosen out of those that unnamed and that in conferring and bestowing of all Hoâ—â—â— great respect should be had to those of that Religion which â—â— then onely received in all those parts But some of the Province would not consent to the obliterating of those things After many tedious Disputes of these things and longer Consultations than the necessity of Affairs would bear at present 〈◊〉 lesse against the Kings will than the Netherlanders it was agreed that though they were not as then joyned against the Spaniard now approaching yet they should by one another help settle and confirm their Affairs and States King Henry seemed
Language wherein he said that he did not use to set aside Ministers of State without hearing and perpending their cause of Complaint but if he could not have his Revenue upon whose payment he did depend he would that some of them should come to him from whom being present he would take cognizance of the whole matter They earnestly write back again That it was not for them to lay crimes to any ones charge but they believed it was a part of his duty rightly and truly â— have informed his Prince but whether he had so done or not the imminent danger if they should be silent would speak and they hoped that their Births and Merits would gain no lesse credit â— their betters than their words but now chiefty when the absenâ— of Governours from their Charges could not be well admitted The King was much moved at these lines but finding necessary a little to yield he sends secretly to Grannell whom now these fore-going passages began to vex partly aâ— a by-stander and partly as being guilty to himself of the deadly hatred of the people towards him commanding him to depart into Burgundy whither he was ordered to retire for avoyding the danger of his life so much fought and layd wait for by his enemies And a long time after he kept all the Netherlands or the greatest part in fear of his return but few joyning with him in his hopes till at length either by Command or his own free will he went to Rome There they who hitherto had been kept out of office were at the Request of the Regent Margaret recalled in the Senate of Assembly and that they might give some proofs of themselves they begin with all diligence to advise and take notice of choice things of others there was no great need And the praise and thanks of dissembling their Crimes was so much the greater towards them by how much he would divert them from the sense of their evill so that now acting wholly as Victors they had taken all things into their own hands whether belonging to publick accounts or to the Law saying it was the Soveraign pleasure of the Senate and that to it all the other Assemblies ought their Service and Obedience But how many faults do attend where some few bear the Sway and in how little time do they grow ripe The Kings Revenew neglected the Authority of the Law among potent discords laid aside the greatest Crimes and villanies unpunished Honours given for favour either much done through ambition by such as coveted the praise of all or else evils never to be remedied overcharge the Credit of the great ones They dissembled less in point of Religion maintaining it was better taught by perswasion than compulsion till at length they found what they supposed as remedies proved rather food to nourish the Disease But when they granted this in favour of the People whether it were out of their own disposition averse from cruelty or that they suspected under the veil of the Inquisition that there lay hid slavery or danger to the valiantest men I will not undertake to discover But this is most evident that they themselves did not depart from the Ceremonies of the Church of Rome and he who was the chief in all these Consultations in his own Principality of Aurange would suffer nothing in matters of Religion to be changed Besides this and for other weighty Causes Egmond was sent into Spain to pry into the Kings nature and affections and is there received with so much Honour and such high Gifts as no man before him ever had the like Here Philip protests much of affection to the Netherlanders and that he may prevent any desire of his return to them again he sayes he hath resolved in himself for the Turkish Warre and likewise gave him some hope that he would moderate the rigour of the Sentence and Edict of the Bishops least either by severity or impunity he might provoke the Secturies licentiousness whereas in truth he intended to make it far more strict For when first he came into Spain and found there many and some of the chief of the Covent of St. Isidore to think otherwise than they ought of the received Rites and Doctrine he was not onely content to have commanded into the fire Learned men and noble Women but rejoyced to see the same with the terrour whereof having appeased the discords there he believed either the sloth or timidity of his Judges hindred if not envyed him the like success in the Netherlands And at this time Elizabeth his Wife Sister of Charles King of France being sent together with the Duke of Alva to â—ajon whether the same Charles and his Mother Medicos met at a Conference for rooting out innovators and disturbers of Religion he bound himself by some private Covenants to be assistant equally therein The like League was made between Henry and Philip after the Peace of Cambray and this being by the imprudence of Henry discovered to the Prince of Orenge in his Embassy into France as he was by chance â— hunting made him often assert with Protestations that he onely feared those Counsels which were concealed Egmond was scarce returned full of his vain hope but the Kings Letters immediately followed cruelly commanding the Inquisitors to execute judgement upon violators and novelties in Religion adding certain other Assistants to the number of the Judges and though Viglius and many with him perswaded the contrary presently they were published to the great trouble of all mens mindes and shortly after were the Decrees of the Councel of Trent put forth by whom nothing being amended either in Doctrine or Ceremonies some whole Nations separated and fell off from the Church of Rome onely there was a Decree made for reformation of Priests Lives and Manners wherewith indeed they were offended but never cured And truly in the Netherlands those mens lives were most vicious who being admitted into the Sacred Order of Priesthood got nothing thereby but the name and Revenues yet were these men most fierce for the publishing of these Decrees which in some places were obeyed but with exception underwritten to which Philip had consented that they should not derogate from any mans right which was added by reason of Patronages of Churches and bounds of Jurisdictions But the Brabanders with one free consent went further First their Cities and afterwards the Senate or States of their Nation did Declare That this Custome of the Inquisition insensibly creeping in daily in a high manner into their Countries was against the Law by which all their Judgments should be directed and which should set Bounds to the Priesthood wherein they should walk The Constancy of these was followed by others but especially the Common People were infinitely perplexed with the Terrible Rumour of the Spanish Inquisition whose Authority with the King though manifest and its Usage and Example in all Kingdoms how profitable and though commended by the French yet the
but onely will note that although he were very stern to others he was easie to Flatterers and Syâ—phants and would give too much credit to pretended Friendships without any Trial. Nor were these the onely men to be found fault with about him there were others very intimate with him and privy to all his Counsels whose Factious Designs were soon discover'd Among whom Ringaltius one eminent in the Guilt of the Conspiracy refused all the Tribunals of Judges until at last as a Renegado and a Traytor he ended his infamous Life among the Enemies in a miserable poor condition Wherefore now innumerable Complaints as it were all at once were made to the Generall returning from the War to wit That Warro and Garrisons being not possible to be Governed without the Injury of the Citizens against this such should be put into Command as the People were pleased with And there was added That the Office and Dignity of Treasurer or Receiver Generall was given to Strangers by whom it was deceitfully managed That the Price and Value of Money was unsetled and the Souldiers and other Charges of the Common-wealth were not compared with the Treasury That the Commands of the Sea was betrayed by the exhausting the Navall Revenues That Trading and all Commerce decayed That Honours were bestowed on those who in no wise merited them That the Authority of all inferiour Lieutenancies was destroyed by him and their Right so many years maintained cevoured and swallowed up in Garrisons Nor was it passed in silence that the Souldiers at that time hired did not come concerning which there was a Suspition that the English had been the cause thereof as willing rather that their own Forces and proper strength should be brought in in regard the Numbers of them were small when the Covetousness of the Commanders or Paymasters had exhausted the Auxiliary Numbers so much that they were necessitated to give way to the Enemy not being able to withstand his Victories These things were thus related by Direction of the States then Confederate who from that time began to Assemble and meet more frequently than formerly that those Things might be Transacted without the Senate which should keep in awe the Guilty Consciences of the English as Hollanders and privately complaining of many Things both in relation to themselves and to Prince Maurice they took into their Cognizance and Care most ordinary Matters This the Earl of Leicester took very ill that Men from Shops and Taverns should come to make a Judicatory who could bring nothing thither with them but sordid and mechanick Arts and Minds prostituted to Lucre and Gain and that he a Man of that Birth and Quality should receive Laws from the Ignorant and despicable Vulgar and fight under the Banner and Command of Strangers Much vexed hereat he thought it would be a Work well worth his pains if he could possible to remove such Clowns from the Stern of Government for there is nothing more hateful to Nobility than the Dominion of Peasants being generally sharp Observers of Oppressors And this he thought might the more easily be brought to pass because Strangers and the multitude of Citizens which is far the greater having no share in the Government as was supposed would gladly hearken to this Equality But I revolving in my Mind the worthy Precepts of wise men and antient Forms of Cities do rather think that as many as would exclude that part of the People from Honours for whose common Utility the advantage of all things chiefly redounds do conceit Matters of that difficulty as are better to be walked after in Discourse than Practice For not to speak of Nations Bordering upon the Sea amongst whom the Commons had the Superiority the Spartans Democracy as being free from Flattery equalled almost the greatest Kingdoms Nor had Rome any peaceable or setled Government untill the Commons were admitted to have a shâ—re therein And at this day in many most flourishing Cities where the Government is Aristocratical the Vnderlings of the Senators in the Name of the Common People exercise all Offices Neither is this Order forbidden in that Commonwealth who is indebted to the Water for all it hath and by the Dignity of Trades and Merchandizing grown much greater than of old so that the whole World hath participated of her Navigations And all the Wealth is almost in their Hands whereof an Account is exacted where Honours are to be bestowed according to the Judgment of Antient and severe Legislators And surely Covetousness and Wealth are no where less to be suspected than where the Dominion is not perpetual and as it were limited within Bounds But the Earl of Leicester prepared to alter both these and other long-continued Practices not so much in a ridiculous Affectation of Novelty but that by separating the Nobility and others for Wisdom eminent from the rest he might draw them into Parties And first he took to him as Chaplains some Interpreters of Scripture for in this Age they alone carry the liars and Affection of the Multitude such as were eminent for their outward Profession of Zeal and differed from others For at first in the Commonwealth Religion being less esteemed than was fit was reported to be the onely cause of the Troubles and things more earnestly longed for because forbidden upon pain of punishment became neglected when they might be used with Impunity Reverence to Things Sacred was to all that shewed it dangerous No Honour was given to Priesthood nay there were who would not allow any Right of Ecclesiasticall Censures but would utterly abrogate it and all this when they remembred with Canker'd Hearts and imbitter'd Minds the Lordlyness of Priests formerly and so in a venomous Malice to Old Things they made all Things New But Liecester on the contrary by his Example shewing to them Authority and other Advantages of England which they should enjoy first won the Applause of his Preachers and by them gained the Affections of the People committing and trusting many Affairs of the Commonwealth not to the Magistrates but to those who were in some way or other conversant with things Divine or else concerned among the Plebeians who though willing yet could never attain to right use and knowledge of things And now many whose Counsels had been sound and faithful to their Country were openly put back from their Honours because they agreed with the Church of Rome either in all Points or at least in some little regarding how this matter would disturb the Peace if once it were published abroad That they had received such a Religion which would admit of no Companions in the Common-wealth except of the same Gang. This had not long continued but among the Frizons and in Utrecht where the Inhabitants had taken away the power from the Magistrates to themselves and in other Cities which had formerly been Tumultuous and ruled by the too great strength of the Multitude the Name of the States began to be murmured at and he
by the Valour of the Zelanders thick showrs of Bullets and casting of Wild-fire they were totally put to flight They had joyn'd to them some other Aids of other Nations which stood every one separated by themselves that so their Valour might be the better discerned Nay and a proper Band of Voluntiers was commanded to go forward with not onely Military Ensigns display'd before them but such as were wont to be used at Processions and Solemn Times of Prayer appointed by the Church This was an ordinary thing with the Spaniards of old as often as they had War against any Profane or Barbarous Enemy and because it is a Nation much addicted to the Ceremonies of Religion there is no surer way can be devised to encourage them On the other side the several Regiments by turns took care of the Guards and the whole multitude of Towns-people became subservient to the War bringing Darts to the Souldiers and Faggots Fire-Brands and other Materials both for Offence and Defence Thus for three days one after another continued a sharp Fight but with the greatest slaughter of the Assailants for as the Souldiers of the first Rank by reason of their heavy Armour were like a Wall to the rest their Arms not being penetrable by Shot so if they were kept nigh at hand for the avoiding of stroke by their standing still they hindred both themselves and others At last they fell from Force to Stratagems the one beginning to undermine the other to countermine so as the Damage yet fell equally There were some for the Assailants who partly by the plainness of the overturned Ground in one part and partly by the rising thereof in another were helped by the Slaughters both of their Friends and Enemies But then did Death appear most terrible when the Ground made uneven by daily Graves and slippery with Bloud caused such as stagger'd thereon that they could neither avoid to tread upon the sprawling Limbs of their Fellow-Souldiers nor keep themselves from being annoy'd though in the heat of Fury by their dying spurns Notwithstanding all which the increasing Enemy drove the Defendants to Extremity and lest being the less follow'd they might at once break through the Bulwark which already began to lye open by Breaches made with continuall Battery there was raised more inwardly by the Providential Care of Count Solms a new Work in form of a Half-Moon and with a deep Trench whither was drawn together a great strength of Souldiers to make resistance Neither did the Spaniard keep long the use of that Fortification which they had obtain'd with so much Labour and Bloud For whatever remain'd thereof the Besieged threw down by the force of Gun-powder from a Mine and besides in the void place which lay between that and the Rampire they had made a little lurking Hole from whose obscure mouth they shot against the Enemy who hardly detecting the fraud yet at last when discovered they stopped it up from doing further mischief but when the Besiegers had stopped it up behind also first throwing fire therein the repressed force thereof at length burst out with â—â—â—th violence that it overwhelmed with Earth divers of the Enemies In the interim they ceased not to drain all the rest of the Water out of the Trench and to batter the Rampire with so much the more violence because the breaches of the Walls were sustained by Palizadoes decaying towards the bottom and whereever at any time the Works grew defective the Townsmen brought thither Faggots Wood and other heaps of things to amend of stop up the same Neither was the Assaylants labour small against the mayn Bullwark that reached to the ravelin at the Haven which they began to batter without success for the Gunpowder destined to that Work being by chance fired destroyed many of the by-standers with so much Thunder and terrour that it was heard beyond the Sea of Middleburg At which time either by reason of this chance or else being otherwise wearied the Besiegers fury beginning somewhat to abate a select party out of several Companies of Hollanders to the number of six hundred at open noon-day that being the time of the Waters great ebbe passed over the River partly with Boats and partly by the Fords and attained the parts beyond the River and then so suddenly slying into divers places that they slew the Spaniards even within the Trenches wherein they lay fortified The great Guns that were planted against them as they sailed over the River they clogged because they could not bring them away and presently after so beat down and worsted several Troops of Horse and eight hundred Foot that came to relieve their Fellows or revenge their deaths that they returned with very great Honour and little or no damage And after this they made from other parts of the Town many succesful Sallies yet for all there things the Spaniard continued to batter the Walls and in one place had made a breach in the Bulwark where there was not a more inward Work though Prince Maurice had commanded one to be made there the neglect whereof was excused by them that were guilty of it by the Townsmens poverty and Souldiers inability to undergo so many and great labours at once Albertus according to the Custom of War sent another Summons to the Town being in this Condition denouncing against them great threats unless they would surrender Whereto receiving a couragious Answer he yet durst not begin a new Assault because in the former Skirmishes he had lost above two thousand men among whom fell many Captains and other Commanders with the most vallant men while they drew the Souldiers to prolong the Fight by their Example striving to win to themselves favour and Reputation with the new Governour and also an incredible number of sick and wounded men were scattered in the Fields for the Neighbouring Cities would not entertain them the horribleness of which Spectacle made a mixture together of fear and pity Therefore he endeavours to undermine the Rampire and Bulwark but without any certain hope so long as they daily saw fresh men brought into the Town but Fortune soon after ridded them of this trouble for some did advise suspecting the lying still of so furious and active an Enemy that they should endeavour to get from the Besieged some Islands and Fords whereby they might command the River and Ships Others that Ambushes should be laid to break into the City from the Trenches whereby not onely the Front as heretofore but the backside also should be rendred unsafe or else to give sudden Assaults upon the breaches Thus fear inventing many things first conceived in the brest of one is afterwards made publick by voyce and consent of others whereupon some who were eloquent presently said that to begin to extoll the Enemies Forces and to undervalue their own which had before in those days slighted their greatest Valour was one of the greatest evills that could be Hereupon they go to
with so small Forces had compassed such long Marches through divers Countries and reduced them from the Contribution and Prey of the Enemy for the future to be safe by the Boundaries of Rivers was celebrated with the more than ordinary Affection and Joy both of the States and People Insomuch that some of the Princes of Germany publikely in their Dyet made the Motion That he might be made General of the War against the Turks whose Valour and Fortune it was probable would put new Life into the Hungarian Affairs which then lay gasping through unprosperous Successes But this Joy did not continue long without a Repulse being inteâ—rupted by a Domestick Affliction because his Sister Aemilia being stricken with Love without the Knowledge either of her Bâ—other or the States was marryed and this she did as believing or hoping thâ—t their Pardon would be sooner obtained for such an Action than their Consent This Lady hitherto unspotted from the Evil or any of the Germane Manners was allured by the Speeches and Countenance of Emanuel who was noâ— unskilled under the Similitudes of Obsequiouâ—ness to find means no raise Pity especially because being a young man and of Royal Birâ—h he was by Force and Injury driven from his Paternal Inâ—tance for he boasted Don Antonio for his Father who for a while was King of Portugal This man with his Brother Christopher having wandred thâ—ough France England and all other places in Hostility with King Philip seeing the young Lady and conversing with her as oft as he pleased which Liberty is granted by Custom and remains as the onely Relique of Antient Simplicity since it self was lost he assumed the hoped of Affinity with the Nassuian Family although besides the inequality of his Fortune there was a discrâ—pancy in the Religion which they â—oth professed from their Father At first therefore this new Bride and Bridegroom are forbidden the Princes presence and thereupon for asswaging his Anger they retired to Wesel from whence returning into Holland with their small Revenue they lived after the manner of private persons This was so much the more grievous to her being the Prince of Aurange's Daughter and Niece to the Duke of Saxony because both before and also at the same time she had Sisters of the Bourbonian Bloud by the Mothers side that by the Authority of the State who gave them Portions out of the Publike-Stock lived like Princes in great state and with a noble Retinue for Ludovica Julianâ— was marryed to the Prince Palatine one of the Electors of the Empire Isabella to Henry Duke of Bulloyne and Catharina surnamed Belgica to Philip Count of Harcovia a Person of no small Wealth among the Franks But Carola to whom the Brabanders would have that Name given was bestow'd upon Claudius of the Family of Tremoyle Duke of Tuart in Poictou a man of eminent power for whose Marriage sake Henry Frederick obtained to have an Embassage from the States as well to see the manners of France with his Mother as the King The Winter this year proved dangerous to Holland on that side towards the North by breaking down the Banks and causing great Inundations the like whereof hapned also about Groâ—â—gen And the frequent breaking out of Fires in Amsterdam made them there have suspition of Treachereous dealing from the Enemy With the Arch-Duke there was such a scarcity of Money that the Souldiers began to mutiny in every place for beginning at first in Gelders the Example passed to Wachtendone and thence soon after to Calais Câ—mbray Ardres Capelleâ— Chasteâ—et Lire Dorsan Sclâ—ya Sâ—um and Gaunt which were all infected with the same Contagion In some places they thrust out their Captains in other places the Officers joyned voluntarily with the Souldiers and when a little money was procured and sent to some of them that was but a provocation of others that had none to the like or greater Disorders chusing rather the Rewards of a Licentious Sedition than the empty Honour of an unprofitable Obedience Hereupon several Cities refused to receive Garisons And the Arch-Duke himself with his Retinue was shut out of Venloo and all the rest of the Winter was spent in divers contrivances relating both to Beaâ— and War even until the beginning of the following Year â— Some Traytors also were hired to bring the Spaniards into the Isle of Tolen but they exâ—iated their impious and unhappy Designs with the loss of their Lives And againâ— another while a Party was sent to take the strong Hold of Barghen-op-Zoom by force while yet the Fortifications were imperfect and at the same time another select Band to force the Gate of Gertruydenberg but both of them being discover'd by Scouts were forced to depart without attempting any thing About this time all Things seemed to incline towards Peace for Philip himself being wearyed out both of his Courage and Forces by a Forreign War with France a Naval War with England and as it were a Civil War in the Netherlands and learning by Example That many times Hopes are destroyed by Hopes or that the hasty Steps of Old Age and Diseases wherewith he was now broken had inclined him to more wild and moderate Counsels he desired to hide his Arms or to distract and break the new-made Society of his Enemies And the Opinion of most was that he chiefly aimed to rid himself of the French and Dutch Wars that so he might the more readily revenge himself upon England and with the less charge for in France the loss of Aâ—iens and in the Netherlands of several Cities beyond the Rhine had much increased his Enemies Forces and lessned his own besides the Country was wasted his Credit exhausted from whence grew Seditions it being impossible to keep a setled and strict Discipline where the Souldiers want their Pay and if any part of the Souldiery be sent away while the Enemy hovers up and down it is very dangerous because both the Cities of the Netherlands and the Nobility are for their forepassed Acts as much suspected as any In the mean while among the Hollanders the Country is secure and the Sea open which daily yields much profit and still promiseth more And to this purpose certain Letters written by Albertus to the King and intercepted spoke It pleased him therefore to begin with the French King because under the pretence of the same Religion that seem'd both more feazible and convenient especially since Pope Clement had often admonish'd him That since the Family of Bourbon was receiv'd into the Romane Church he should incease to trouble him And if he yet did proceed further that his former Wars would seem to have been made more out of Ambition and the Thirst of Empire than his Care of Religion or Piety Adding moreover all that could be said for the advancement of Concord among Christians and promoting the War against the Turks But Philip along time contemned all these Warnings though now at last he began to approve thereof but chiefly
with other places 604.605 Andrew of Austria Cardinal his Envoyes defence of the Spanish cruelty in an Assembly of the Germanâ— 617.618.619.620 Andrew Fort rased by the Spaniards and why 633 65â— Albertus returns to the Netherlands 650 Where he finds Cardinal Andrew and Mendosa at difference and for what whereupon the Cardinal is sent away 650 He finds all things else in disorder and why 651 Andrew Fort besieged by Prince Maurice and surrendred to him for 125000. Florens 660 Albertus Fort besieged by Prince Maurice 667 Archdukes gather together their Army 668 March towards Newport 669 Comes in sight of Prince Maurices Army 672 Draws his men into Battalia and the form thereof 673 Archdukes send Deputies to the United States and for what who are met by others and the effect of their colloquy 689.690.765.881 Aquila Don John sent from Spain to aid the Irish Rebels but soon forced to return 711.712 Achem King thereof stirred up by the Portugueses against the Hollanders but he becomes a friend 730.731 Arabella Lady set up to claim the English Crown and by whom with the event thereof 746 Albertus puts to death some Prisoners which is requited by Prince Maurice 756.757 Antwerp surrounded by Prince Maurice but no purpose 789.790.791 Albertus recruits his Army with new levyeâ— 795 796 Aquisgrave oppressed and how and by whom 816.817 Aurange Prince Philip restoâ—ed to his Principality and by what means 857 America a Description of some part thereof 873 Archdukes Letters to the States for confirmation of their Liberty 879 Aurange Prince comes into Holland and for what Reasons 948.949 Antwerp appointed the place of Treaty 968 B. BIshops New Bishops when first set up in the Netherlands and by whom and in what places 25.26 They are found fault with 26 Brederode Henry and who else with him were leaders of the Faction 33 He is driven out of the Countrey 55 Berghen op Zome the Marquess thereof dyeth in Spain 50 Brill taken by four and twenty ships 61 Bossu the Spanish Governour of Hollanders out of the Island of Vorne 61 He spoils Roterdam 61 â—ommâ—l-Island comes into the Union 69 Bostu taken with his whole Fleet. 73 Bommenede taken by Requesens 79 Brabant the people there affect the Prince of Aurange so do the Flandrians 81 Bruxels destined to plunder by the mutinous Spaniards 82 Bossu General of the Netherlanders Army 98 His Camp at Rimâ—en assaulted by Don John who was repulsed 99 Bruges a great sedition and tumult at Bruges but quickly appeased and how the like also in other places 109.110 Breda delivered to Parma and by whom 116 Biron sent with an Army from France to help the Hollanders 133 Brabant people there throw down the banks and let out the Scheldt and why 141 Bruges delivered to the Spaniard 141.142 Bruxels delivered to Parma 162 Bonne taken by Colonel Schenck by surprise 183 Bergheâ—op Zoâ— besieged by Parma and why 217 The Description thereof 218 The Townsmens valor in defence of the place 219 Treachery against it discovered by whom and how prevented 220 The Siege broken up and the Town given by the States to Prince Maurice 221 Bonne besieged by Parma and delivered to him upon honourable conditions 21.122.223 Bommel attempted by Charls Mansfeldt but in vain 229 Berck besieged by Parma's command 232 Blybcke Castle taken by the Spaniard 233 Berck relieved by Schenck 234 But at last won by the Spaniard 236.237 Breda taken by stratagem from the Spaniard and how 244.245.246 Besieged again by Parma but in vain 250.251 Bourtang a great Moor a Fort raised therein and for what purpose 315.316 Brandenburgh Elector seeks Allyance with the United States so do several others 376 Balagny in vain seeks to strengthen his Tyranny and why 394.395 Burgundy by whom possessed of old and by whom at this day 398.399 Bodleigh Thomas sent by Queen Elizabeth to the Hollanders and for what 400 401 Baolot Claudius a Netherlandish Colonel his valour and Policy 429.430.431 Berck the Description of the Town besieged by Prince Maurice and delivered to him 506 507 508 Demanded of the States by the Bishop of Colen and their answer to him 508.509.602.603 Breâ—fort besieged by Prince Maurice 514.515.516 Taken together with the Castle 517.518 Burghley Lord dyes and his Speech to Q. Elizabeth at his death 560 Berck besieged by Mendosa 601 Infected with the Plague 603.604 Burick taken by Mendosa 604 Berck summoned by Alfonso Avales 605 A sad accident happens there and what 605.606 The Town surrendred to the Spaniard 606.607 Bucquoy Count taken Prisoner and by whom 622.623 Bommel Isle the Description thereof 626.627 Entred by the Spaniards 627 The Inhabitants incouraged by Prince Maurice 628 Breautee the fight between him and Grobbendone 657.658 He is taken Prisoner and basely killed 657.658 Barlot Claudius killed his Character 687 Berck besieged by Prince Maurice 697 Won by him 699 Biron Duke accused of Treason Imprisoned and Beheaded 734.735 Bucquoy Count passes the Rhine and why 796 Erects a Fort at Kâ—sers Weert 796.797 Berck re-inforced by Prince Maurice 797 Berghenop Zosm attempted in vain 805.806.807.808 Brunswick troubles there and for what and how and by whom composed 825.826 Breâ—fort attempted by Terral and surprized for the Spaniard but regained by Henry of Nassaw for the Hollander 831.832 Bâ—rck besieged by Spinola 839.840.841 Delivered to him and why 842 Britain troubles there for what and how composed 863 Bruyke Count killed by the Spaniards 868 Barbary troubles there and for what 965 C. CHarls Emperour consults of the alteration of the State in the Netherlands and how he was deterred 9.10 Church Ceremonies of the Latine Church and the Latine Tongue when and why generally received 14 Charls Emperor condemns Luther 18 Cruelty rather the cause of Rebellion than Religion and why 20 Confederates their desires to the Lady Regent and her answer 33.34 Calvin where and by whom followed 36.37 Confederate Lords meet at Dendremund and why and for what 39.40 Confederacy broken at the present and how and by what means 41 Charls eldest Son of King Philip put into ward and there dyes 50 Casimir sent for and comes into the Netherlands with strong recruits of men 92.94.100 He pacifies the Flandrians and perswades them to receive Souldiers 101 He departs to England 102 Charls Son to Count Egmond goes over to the King 109 Courtray in Flanders won by the Duke of Parma 116 Cambrâ—y a City its situation besieged by the Spaniards 123.124 Charls Cimace Areschots Son his dissimulation and treachery to his Countrey 138.139.141.142 Complaints made to the Earl of Leicester for what by whom but to little purpose 173.174 Commoni to have a share in Government when how and why 174 175 Creviceur a Castle why so named 180 Cavendish sails into America and falls upon the Molucca Isles 181 Covorden the Description thereof 291.292 Besieged by Prince Maurice 291. ad 298 Delivered to him 298 Capelle a French Town forced to surrender 323 Castel John his Execution and for
Treaty between Q. Elizabeth and Albertus and upon what tearms with the event thereof 662 663 Portugal Fleet K. fought with and worsted by the Hollanders 728 729 Peace Treaty between K. James King of Spain and the Arch-Dukes and the effect thereof 777 778 779. Several opinions concerning a peace between the Spaniard and Hollanders 783 784 785 Poland troubles there and whence arising and how concluded and upon what tearms 858 859 Portugueses their Petition to King Philip. 863 864 Philip King inclinable to peace and why 864 865 Peace Treaty desired by King Philip but put off by the Hollanders 866 867. Treaty first begun and how and upon what 917 918 919. The first branch agreed conditionally others positively 918 919 920. The point of Commerce debated both by the Commissioners and by Books 919 920 921 922 923. The chief remaining heads to be treated on both sides 924 925 926. Whereupon the Commissioners proceed with much dissention 926 927 928. Treaty lengthened for 6. weeks 929. A Truce resolved on and why 933 934. Great differences concerning the same 935.944 945. The Embassadors of the Kings interpose for reconciling the same 945 946 947 948. Provinces all agree and upon what terms 967 Peace Treaty renewed at Antwerp the heads thereof 968. The points formerly differed on agreed how 969. The heads of the League concluded 970 971. The Commissioners on both sides meet at Antwerp 〈◊〉 conclude 972 973 974. The League absolutely concluded and publickly proclaimed both by the Arch-Dukes and States 975 976 Q. QUeen of England refuseth to ayd the Hollanders for take the Soveraignty over them 79 163 16â— 177. She inclines towards them and moves the King of Spain to peace 90. She sends them a supply of Souldiers 94.151.164 She sends to them to condole the Prince of Aurange his death so doth the French King 150 She declares her self for the Hollanders 164. Is troubled at the Irish Rebellions and many other things and what they were 181 She hearkens to a Treaty with the Spaniard against the will of the Dutch 185 186. She fills the Thames Banks with Souldiers to resist the Spaniards She is praised for her Valour 208 Almost deceived by Rumours 209 R. Religion Christian Religion when Ceremonies were 〈◊〉 thereto and why Instructors thereof first sent from Rome 〈◊〉 Reformation when begun and the Authors of several Sects among the Reformed People 15 16. Edicts concerning Religion which first set in the Netherlands and by whom and the punishments appointed thereby 18 19 20 21 Roman Ceremonies thrown out of the Churches and Romanists debatâ— of imployment 71 Revenues of all sorts and Tributes brought into a common Treasury 72.89 Requesens Lewis succeeds Alva in the Government of the Netherlands his Character 74. His death whereby the Government revolves to the Senate 8â— Rodolfus Emperor of Germany 88. His brother Matthias Archduke of Austria chosen Governor by the Netherlanders in opposition to Don John yet the Prince of Aurange manageth all 88.89 Reformers their Petition to the Archduke Matthias and Prince of Aurange and their answer to the same 95 96 Renâ—berg overthrown by the Naslavians dyes 118 Ringaltius a Renegado Imployed by the Earl of Leicester which was very ill resented 168.173 His miserable end 173 Richardot sent into Spain by Parma and why 232 Roan besieged by the French King 282. The siege raised 283 Ronce Christian Spanish Campmaster-General slain his character 435.436 Râ—es and Emmeric Garrisoned by Mendosa and why 610.611 Recklinhuysen taken by the Spaniards 611 Religion differences thereabout in England at the comming in of King Jamâ—s and how composed 744 745.746 Reâ—s Francis set forth a new book and the effect thereof 787 Roâ—â—qoâ—t fortified by Spinola 797 Richardot leaves his private instructions behind him in the Inn and the Heads thereof 938.939 Religion a difference therein between Arminius and Goâ—narus and their several Tenets with the sauâ—ors of the same 949 950.951.952 Allowed to be argued by the States and before whom and where 953 All the Acts of the Dispute silenced and why 952 S. Spaniards the difference between them and the Dutch with a Description of both 7.8 Spanish Souldier removed out of the Netherlands and why 23 Seditious people owned and aâ—ned by the Confederate Nobles 38 Spaniards begin to look at revenge and against whom and why 43 They are worsted in Friezeland and by whom 77. They harass Holland take Outwater and Coblentz but are worsted at Utrecht 78 Spanish Fleet scattered by disease and the Captain thereof dyed 78.79 Schounen Island taken by the Spaniards 79 Spaniards go out of Holland conducted by Roda. 83 Are put out of the Netherlands but quickly return 86.87 Senate chosen by the Hollanders and for what purpose and by whose advice 119 Stâ—enwick won by Verdugo and how 128 Souldiers their number on both sides and how disposed their pay equal on both sides 128.129.197 Steland Governor of Waese for the Hollanders his treachery to them and revolt to the Spaniard 140.141 Schewck Colonel comes to the Earl of Leicester and fortifies the Isle of Gravewaert 171. Defend Beâ—ck against Parma valiantly 172 Sydney Philip slain where when and by whom 172 Stanley William made Governor of Deventer by Leicester 172 States take Cognizance of all things and why 173.174 Soâ—oy seeks the Government of Friezeland for himself which he held before under the Prince of Aurange 176 Senate care of the Commonwealth left by the Earl of Leicester to the Senate but with reserves of power to himself which they complain of 178 Scots the Queen of Scots put to death and why 178 Stanley William betrayes Deventer to the Spaniard 178 Goes into Spain where he is neglected 179 Sluys besieged and battered by Parma and at last won by him 180.181 States by Edict answer Leicester recrâ—minations 182 Spanish Fleet prepared against England to be manned by Parma 183 Spanish Provinces in the Netherlands how governed 195 Spanish Fleet the description thereof 205 206 Spaniards therein their great confidence 207. Their over-sight and wherein and how excusable 209. They send to Parma but to no purpose 212. They are affrighted at the approach of the English Fire-ships but rally at Gravelâ— 213 The Losses suffered by the Spanish Fleet how great 215.216 Spaniards sent to Surprize Thol overcâ—me and slain by Count Solmes 218.219 Scheack Colonel fights with Verdugo kills his men and hath a great booty in Money 234. He sets upon Nimmeghen but is beaten off with great Loss and drowned in the Râ—ver there his Character 234 Sâ—â—ia Coasts thereof foraged by the English and Hollanders 238 Strenberge won by Prince Maurice 255 Spaniards mutiny 283.284.318 319.320 Steeawle the description of the Town 285. Besieged by Prince Maurice and the manner thereof 286. ad 291. The Valour of the Townsmen 287.288 Delivered to Prince Maurice 291 Spaniards mutiny together with others and why 350.355.524.571 The Sedition â—omented by the Hollanders 351 The Seditious maâ—e a League with the