Selected quad for the lemma: religion_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
religion_n	church_n	great_a	rome_n	5,301	5	6.4962	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A08239	The nauigations, peregrinations and voyages, made into Turkie by Nicholas Nicholay Daulphinois, Lord of Arfeuile, chamberlaine and geographer ordinarie to the King of Fraunce conteining sundry singularities which the author hath there seene and obserued: deuided into foure bookes, with threescore figures, naturally set forth as well of men as women, according to the diuersitie of nations, their port, intreatie, apparrell, lawes, religion and maner of liuing, aswel in time of warre as peace: with diuers faire and memorable histories, happened in our time. Translated out of the French by T. Washington the younger.; Quatre premiers livres de navigations et peregrinations orientales. English	Nicolay, Nicolas de, 1517-1583.; Washington, Thomas, fl. 1585.; Stell, John, fl. 1580.	1585 (1585)	STC 18574; ESTC S113220	160,097	302

to their minde their lawe and religion paying vnto him the Carach or tribute of a Ducate for euery head by the yeere Notwithstanding the ceremonies of the christian Armenians are far different from those of the church of Rome a great deale more from the Grecian for that in steed of a pope of Rome or Patriarch of Grecia or els of an Abyma chiefe of Aethiopian church and the countrie of Prester Iohannes they haue a catholike Lord being both temporall and spiritual to whom aswell in ecclesiasticall reuerence as tēporal iustice they do equally obey Their priests are married according to the libertie of the oriental church of the Ethiopians which in apparrell do shew themselues modest of countenance graue and venerable being shauē on their head with a large crowne wearing their haire hāging down very long likewise their beard They celebrate their office after the maner of the latin church but not in latin nor greek but in the Armenian tongue to the end without any difficultie to bee better vnderstanded of the stāders by which do answere thē in the same vulgare lāguage And when they do rise to heare the gospel read do crosse them selues in signe of peace and reconciliation making their sacrament according to the Roman maner with a round cake with a challice of glasse or wood Amongest the annuall feasts they do not celebrate the natiuitie of our Lord Iesus Christ but on the twelfth day vse great feasts and solemnitie As for the Lent they doe fast and obserue the same as wee doe but with greater and streighter abstinence not only of earthly flesh and fish but likewise of all other substances wherein life hath been and of all nourishing and delectable liquors of oyle and wine vsing none other food thē simple meates without fatnesse as hearbs frutes and certaine leane pottages True it is that for to shew themselues more different from the Grecians the Emulators at certaine dayes on the friday they doe eate fleshe and drinke wine and vse of all other meate and drinke that pleaseth them And amongest all the holy Apostles of the catholike churche they take S. Iames the greater for their great patron protector Their ecclesiasticall men in their maner of doing and outwarde appearaunce doe shewe a great sanctimonie deuotion modestie simplicitie of life as wel in their garments fashiō ornamēts of the body as in gesture port maner of going if they were not furred with too great mischieuous hypocrisie for vnder such deuout pretext of holines religiō they do not only without any shamefastnes exercise vsurie as the secular men do but also giue themselues to the art magick and all other sorts of southsayings and Nicromancies altogether contrary to the true and christian religion Of Armenia Chap. 20. TO come now to the original coūtrie of the Armeniās you must vnderstand that Armenia is a region in Asia so called Armenia by the name of Armene otherwise called Thessall cōpanion of Iason the Thessaloniā in his expeditiō Argonātique and is deuided in two parts to wit Armenia the greater nowe called Turcomania Armenia the lesser which yet reserueth his name In this region as Isidore saith is the moūt Ararat otherwise called the mount Gordian vppon the toppe whereof rested and remained the arke of Noe after the great deluge was ceassed Through the playnes of Armenia passeth the ryuer Araxe by them called Arath and likewise a great part of the renowmed Ryuers of Euphrates Tiger The Euphrates whych in the Assyrian tongue is called Almacher through his inundations as Nilus doth in Egypt maketh the coūtrie frutefull and abundant in the channell and decourse whereof are founde many pretious stones of great price and valew Ptolome in the first booke of his Geographie pope Pius in his 3. part of y e descriptiō of Asia describe Armenia after this maner on the North side it hath a part of Colcide now called Calpurt of Hiberia and Albania on the West it hath the great course of the riuer of Euphrates which on the left hande leaueth Capadocia Armenia the lesser Sira Comegena and towards the Euxine the mounts Mosquises On the East it is termined with part of the Sea Hircanum and of Media toward the which are the Caspian mountes and on the South side hath Mesopotamia and Assyria The most famous mountaines of Armenia are the Mosquises which stretch towardes Capadocia vppon the part of Periade whereas are the springs of Euphrates Araxes and Antitaure which is the halfe part of the Euphrates runneth through Media and Armenia and at the ende of his course is called Albus the Cordicque out of which the Tiger groweth and extendeth vnto the pales of Tospie the Taur and the Niphante whiche deuide Mesopotamia and Assyria from the Armenians the Caspiens which decline to the Medes and the Caucases whiche shut vp the North parts towards Iberia Albania As for the riuers most renowmed in Armenia the 4 principallest are these whiche followe Cyrus which growing from the mount Caucase leaueth on the left hande Iberia and Albania and on the right hande Armenia and so falleth into the Hircan Sea Araxe which as wee haue sayde falling from the mount Periade taketh his course farre Eastwardes afterwardes enclineth towardes the North and hauing runne so a great way deuideth into two streames whereof the one keepeth hys course Northwardes and falleth into Cyrus and the other towardes the East casteth out into the Sea Caspium the Euphrates whiche issueth out of the same mounte towardes the West runneth vnto the Mountes of the Mosquice and to the borders of Capadocia and from thence taketh his course farre towardes the South returnyng too Antitaure parteth the same from Armenia the lesser afterwards taking his right course towards the South the floud Mela which falleth frō the mount Arga after cutting the Taur in two leaueth Syria on the right hand and Mesopotamia on the left extending vnto Arabia the desart then againe hauing run along course towards the South tēding againe towardes the East and West separateth Babylon from Mesopotamia of new returning towards the East not farre from Selencia boweth towardes the South maketh a great course by Apamia and afterwardes running once agayne towards the East mingleth with the Tyger which also taketh his origin in Armenia from the mount Cordicke running with him towardes the south entreth into the goulph of Persia. The most famous cities of Armenia the lesse according to Plinie in his sixt booke the nienth chapter are Cesaria Asa and Nicopoli And of Armenia the greater Arsamote whiche Ptolome calleth Arsamosate neere vnto Euphrates and to the Tiger Carcachiocerte In the mountaines is Tigranocerte and in the playne neere vnto the floud Araxe Artaxete Ptolome speaketh of a great many more which I leaue behind for eschewing of prolixity but only that I will say that at this present day Armenia the greater hath the first place

the ende was solde and deliuered vntoo an olde marchant a Turke for foure and thirtie ducates I hope with God his help in my second volume to treate more particularly of the payne calamity miserable seruitude wherwith these poore christiā slaues are intreated by the hands of these cruell Barbariās The Bezestan standeth euery day open vntill the after noon except vpon the Friday which is the festiual day of the Turkes as the Sunday is vnto vs and the saterday vnto the Iewes There are besides this diuers other publike places to sel vpon the market dayes one for old apparrel and other things as Saint Thomas Apostle is in London and the lowsie mart in Antwerpe and the other for al sorts of gold works and of silke wrought wyth the needle and in the Sadlers hall are sold many faire furnitures for horses vessels of gold and other fine things faire painted after the Damaskin fashion or after the Iamesque sort fayrer then in any place in Turkie But the aforesaid Bezestan is the place where the most costly things are sold. A Woman Turke going through the Citie A Woman Turke leading her children Of the citie of Pera or Galata Chap. 24. PEra or Galatha which anciētly was called Cornubyzance is a citie of great antiquitie builded by the Geneuoises who sent thither one of their Colonies and is vulgarely called Pera by a Greeke worde which signifieth beyond for that it is cituated beyond the Canal very nigh vnto constantinople men do passe from the one towne to the other with barkes called Permes it is well to be gone by lande but that it is in compasse round about 12. miles As for the hauen it is one of the sayrest and commondiousest which as I think is in all the world for in circuit it containeth more then foure or fiue great miles and the breadth at the entrye thereof is more then one myle and in some places halfe a mile The depth therof is such that there is no ships or Galliōs of what bignesse soeuer they be which cānot ankor on both sides euen to the very houses sides This citie of Pera is builded partlye on the middest and partly on the hanging of an hyll beeing in compasse little lesse then three myles and is separated by walles in three partes within one of the which do dwell the right Peratins in the other the Grecians and in the third the Turks which haue the whole gouernment thereof and a certaine of Iewes for that the most part of the Iewes doe dwell in Constantinople The proportion therof is in a maner confused for that she is broade in the middest lowest partes and long at the further ende Shee is verye well beset with houses which neuerthelesse are neither greatly fair lesse cōmodious notwithstānding there are diuers tayre foūtaines led through pypes out of the riuer Danube and other floods neerer vnto thē All the whole length of the Citie is washed with the springs of the Sea without the gate which is towardes the hauen side is the arcenal of the great Turk which hath neare an hundreth arches or vaultes to builde and hale the gallies vnder couert and drye And on the further part of the hauens mouth is the gate of Bombardes or gunnes which is the place where artillery is cast neere vnto the sea side where are to be seene diuers great and little peeces aswell of brasse as of yron being those which the Turkes haue wonne of the Christians in Hungary the Rhodes and diuers other places in Christe●dome On the height of the other part of the city are the vynes gardens wel tilled accompanied with diuers pleasaunt houses for the most part appertaining to certayne Christians of whom the most part doth dwel at Pera few at Cōstantinople for so the great Turke willeth commaundeth The Frēchmen and true Peratines doe liue according to the lawes of the Romish Church which differeth much from the religion of the Graecians which is the occasion that they doe not greatly loue one another for the diuersity of their faith wherby it commeth to passe that if a Greek do marry with a Perotte Francke or a Graecian woman with a Perot Franco euery one of them do liue according to their religion and do therfore not agree very wel together There is also without the citie the Sarail of the Azamoglans or Ianissaries and the places ordained for the burying of the Iewes and Turkes But the Ambassadours of Fraunce do ordinarily keepe their residence within the City as likewise do the pledges or ostages of the Venetians and Florentines aswell to maintain the leagues and confederacies of the amity whiche they haue with the great Turk as for their traffick and trade of marchandise which they doe there exercise likewise through out al the parts of Leuant Of the women and maydens of Graecia and the Peratines Franques of Pera or Galata Chap. 25. THe apparel of the womē maidēs of Graecia the Peratins Franques is so rich costly that he that had not seene it would scarce beleeue it for that they doe not onely set al their care and study to be braue and wel attired but that whiche is more they doe oftentimes weare about them their whole substance as they goe along the citie to their churches or bathes for there is not so base a citizens or merchants wife which doeth not weare her gownes of veluet crymsin sattin or damask set with passament lace buttons of golde or siluer and the meaner sort of taffaties and figured silkes with many chaines handrings or bracelets carquants tablets and other Iewels garnished with diuers stones some of them being fine some agayne of smal valew and on their heade I speake of the maidens and newly married they weare a rounde cappe of crymfin sattin or cloth of gold figured wound round about with a band of two inches broad being of silk and gold set with fine pearles stones very costlye their smockes are of cypresse or taffata coloured hemmed and ouercast with golde like as the Turkes do weare they forget not also to attyre themselues after such a sort that if a man did see them as they do march he woulde take them to be Nymphes or Spouses which is the occasion that the most part of them specially the maryed sort do in steede of vertue and chastitie giue themselues too all voluptuousnesse and vnshamefastnesse for if the husbande will not or cannot intertaine them in apparell according to their will and desire they will procure one or more friendes to furnish them at pleasure which amongst them is very common accordyng to the custome of the countrie almost ordinarie But it is also very true that the womē being somewhat aged notwithstanding they are richly apparrelled yet doe weare the same modestly for as they goe about the streetes they doe weare a fine white linnen cloath

are they giuen vnto the abhominable sinne of luxurie against nature Thus thē they doe goe triumphing vppon their loue voluptuousnes and pleasure giuing thē selues betimes to wander throughout the coūtrey at their pleasure in such sort that vnder this colour they are called of some Turks the men of the religiō of loue as in effect they in very deed are so as if there were such an order and profession amongst vs I beleue that the most part of our youth would sooner giue themselues to the auowing and profession of such a religion then to that of chastity and obseruance Geomaler a religious Turke Of the seconde sect of the religious Turkes called Calenders Chap. 16. THE religion and maner of liuing of these Calenders is far different from the aforesaide religion of loue namely for that the religious and obseruatours of the same for the most part contrary to the Geomalers say themselues to be virgins making their boast and glory not of lasciuitie luxurie but of very streight abstinence and pure chastitie which if it be not holy is at the least fained they haue for their dwelling certain little churches which they call Techie ouer the gates whereof they doe wryte these or like wordes Caeda normas dil ersin cusciunge al cachec ciur whiche is to say in our language hee that wil enter into this religion must do the same works which they doe and obserue to wit in virginitie and abstinence lyke vnto them These Calenders are clothed with a little short coat without sleeues after the fashion of a hayre cloath made of wooll and horse haire and do not let thei● haire growe long as the Geomalers doe but cause their haires to be cut couering their head with a felt hatte like vnto the priestes of Graecia about which they hang certaine stringes hanging downe the bredth of a hand being strong and rough being made of horse haire in their eares wearing great rings of yron likewise about their neck arms vnder their priuy members they do pearce the skin thrusting through the same a ring of yrō or siluer of an indifferent bignes waight to the intent that beyng thus buckled they can by no manner of meanes vse luxury althogh they would had therunto commodity These also goe reading of certain songs common rymes cōpounded by one of their order called Nerzimi whō they repute take amongst them to haue bin the first Saint of their religiō who for hauing spoken certaine words against the law of Mahomet was in Azamia which is Assyria flaide quicke and by these means the first martyr of their religion Calender a Religious Turke Of the thirde sect of the religious Turkes called Deruis Chap. 17. A Great deale more straunge and beastly is the life and maner of doings of the Deruis altogether diuers and other then that of the Geomailers and Calenders for these go bare headed and cause their hayre and beard to be cut with a raser and generally all the other partes of the bodie where as any haire groweth and moreouer burne and scauld their temples with a whot Iron or an old peece of cloath burnt hauing their eares pearced wherin they doe weare certaine great ringes of Iaspe of diuers colours and rare beautie All their cloathes are two sheepe or goates skinnes the haire therof being dried in the Sun putting on the one before and the other behind imbracing the bodie in forme of a girdle the other parts of their body are naked whether it be in Winter or Sommer they dwel without the cities in suburbes and villages in diuers partes of Turkie And all the Sommer long goe running throughout the Countries from one village to another doing vnder the colour of holinesse and religion infinite knaueries and robberies for they are all of them great theeues fornicatours spoylers making no conscience to rob kill murder if they find thēselues to be the stronger parties those whō they meet withal on the way with a smal hatchet which they beare vnder their gyrdles and with the same to assault and spoyle the straunge wayfaring men of what law or nation soeuer they be Besides which inhumanitie they are also full of diuers vnhappy vices for they are wonderfully giuen to the detestable sinne of Sodomitrie notwithstanding that for to couer their lothsome filthinesse to shadow their hypocrisie for to shew some godlinesse to be in thē they do going through the countrie eate of an hearb called Matslach the violent operation maketh them to become mad inraged out of their wits So as through a certayne furour they with a certain knife or rasour do cut their necke stomack thighes vntill they be full of most horrible woundes which for to heale they doe lay vpon them a certaine hearbe letting it lie vpon the hurt vntill it be altogeather consumed and become vnto ashes suffering in the mean space an extreem paine and that with marueilous patience And this they doe to shew themselues true immitatours of their Prophet Mahomet saying that during the time that he was within the caue or den through the great abstinences whiche hee vsed fell one day into such a furie that hee would haue cast himselfe downe headlong from the toppe therof and for this cause they haue fooles in great reuerence saying that they are acceptable vnto God These deuoute Deruis liue of almes as the other religious doe which they do beg with these wordes Sciai Merda nescine which is to say giue an almes in the honor of the valiant man Haly brother in law to Mahomet which was the first that exercised armes amongest vs. They haue moreouer in the Natolia the sepulchre of another Saint by them called Scidibattal which they say to bee he that hath conquested the most parte of Turkie and about the place of his sepulchre is an habitation and couent wher do dwel a great number of these Deruis and there once in the yeere they kept a generall chapter of assembly in which their Priour or Superiour is president whom they doe call Assambaba a name signifiyng father of fathers These good religious people are not very welcom at Cōstantinople for that a while agoe one of them durst take vpon him with a short Rapier which hee carried hidden vnder his arme to haue killed the great Turke Sultan Mehemet the second of that name notwithstanding because the Turkes haue aboue all thinges charitie in greate recommendation they doe not leaue to giue almes vnto them for God his sake Deruis a Religious Turke The fourth sect of the religious Turkes called Torlaquis Chap. 18. THe Torlaquis by others called Durmislars cloathe themselues with sheep and goat skinnes like vnto the Deruis aboue the same they wrap about them in maner of a cloke the skinne of a great Beare with the hayre made fast vppon their stomack with the legs vpō their heads they weare a high

to make himselfe more noble to take in marriage the daughter of Caraman king of Caramania so called after hys name after he had conquested and ouercome the same Of the Merchant Iewes dwelling in Constantinople and other places of Turkie and Grecia Chap. 16. THE number of the Iewes dwelling throughout all the Citities of Turkie and Grecia and principally at Constantinople is so great that it is a thing marueilous and incredible for the number of these vsing trade and trafique of merchandise like of money at vsurie doth there multiply so from day too daye that the great haunt and bringing of merchandises which arriue there of all parts aswell by Sea as by land is such that it may be saide with good reason that at this present day they haue in their handes the moste and greatest trafique of merchandize and readie money that is in al Leuant And lykewise their shops and warehouses the best furnished of all riche sortes of merchandises which are in Constantinople are those of the Iewes Likewise they haue amongest them workemen of all artes and handicraftes moste excellent and specially of the Maranes of late banished and driuen out of Spaine Portugale who to the great detriment and damage of the Christianitie haue taught the Turkes diuers inuentions craftes and engines of warre as to make artillerie harquebuses gunne pouder shot and other munitions they haue also there set vp printing not before seene in those countries by the which in faire characters they put in light diuers bookes in diuers languages as Greek Latin Italian Spanish and the Hebrewe tongue beeing too them naturall but are not permitted to print the Turkie or Arabian tongue they haue also the commoditie vsage to speake and vnderstand all other sortes of languages vsed in Leuant which serueth them greatly for the communication and trafique which they haue with other strange nations to whom oftentimes they serue for Dragomans or interpretours Besides this detestable nation of the Iewes are men ful of all malice fraude deceit and subtill dealing exercising execrable vsuries amongst the Christians and other nations without any consciences or reprehention but haue free licence paying the tribute a thing whiche is a great ruine vntoo the countrie people where they are conuersant They are marueilous obstinate and stubborne in their infidelitie attending daily their Messias promised by whō they hope to be brought agayn into the land of promise they haue the vale of Moses so knit before the● eyes of their vnderstanding that they will not nor by any manner of meanes can see or acknowledge the brightness and light of ●esus Christ whom through misbelief enuie and vnmeasured rage they condemned and caused too dye on the crosse and charging themselues with the offence sinne committed towardes his person wrote vnto Pilate hys blood bee vppon vs and our children and therfore their sinne hath followed them and their successours throughout al generations so as where they would not receiue his saluation the same for euer shalbe kept from them to their great mischiefe and confusion for since their extermination and the vengeaunce vpon Ierusalem vnto this present day they hadde at no time any certayne dwelling place vpon the face of the earth but haue alwayes gone straying dispearsed and driuen awaye from Countrie to countrie And yet euen at this day in what region soeuer they are permitted to dwell vnder tribute they are abhorred of God and menne and more persecuted of the Turkes which in derision call them Chifont then of any other nation who haue them in such disdaine and hatred that by no meanes they will eate in their companie and much l●sse marry any of their wiues or daughters notwithstanding that oftentimes they doe marry with Christians whom they permit too liue according to their lawe and haue a pleasure too eate and bee conuersant with Christians and that which is woorse if a Iewe woulde become a Muselman he should not bee receiued except first leauing his Iudaical sect he became a christian The Iewes which dwell in Constanstinople Andrinople Bursia Salonica Gallipoli other places of the dominion of the great Turke are all apparrelled with long garments like vnto the Gretians and other nations of Leuant but for their mark and token to be knowen frō others they weare a yealow Tulbant Those that dwel in the Ile of Chio which are in great number vnder the tribute of the Seigniorie in steed of a Tulbant doe weare a great cap of credit whiche some doe call a bonnet of Arbaleste being also of yealow colour This which I haue drawen out is one of those that carie cloath to sell through the citie of Constantinople A Merchant Iewe. Of the Armenians Chap. 17. THE Armenians are conuersant in Turkie and Grecia lyke vnto straungers chiefly at Constantinople and Pera being the most part merchants doe great trafique of merchandizes of Leuant as Chamblets Mockados Sayes and Carpets of Suria The poorer sort of them are artificers or els doe giue them selues to dressing of gardens and vines Their garmentes are long like vntoo the Grecians and other nations of the East partes and on their heads doe weare a blue Tulbant mixed with redde and white for that it is not permitted vnto anye then to the Turkes to weare a Tulbant being white onely The religion and maner of liuing of the ancient Armenians Chap. 18. IN times past the Armenians in theire lawes customes maner of liuing did not much differ from the Medians nor likewise in theire religion wherin the most parte followed the errour of the Persians neuerthelesse the Persians worshippe one Goddesse onely called Tanais vnto whom they builded in sundrie places diuers temples and dedicated vnto them not onely their menne and woman seruants but likewise their owne daughters of the most noble houses their lawe being such as constrained them too put them foorth publikelye and a long time vnto all commers before they might be marryed there was none that for this matter woulde refuse too take them in marriage which to contract they dyd as followeth The bride grome did cut of the tip of the right eare of the bride and the bride of the left eare of her husband by this mutuall consentment without any other ceremonie was the marriage contracted and obserued betweene them and published to all the worlde But when they would vowe any great solemne oth they tooke of the blood of their right eare so drunk it with wine as is written in the nienth booke of Valerius Maximus Iosephus in his first booke of the antiquitie of the Iewes writeth that Otree the sonne of Aram was he which first gaue the lawe and maner of liuing vnto the Armenians Moderne religion of the Armenians Chap. 19. AS for their faith and moderne religion they are christians hauing their church and ceremonies a part as all other not being Turks haue al which the great Lord doth permit to liue according

them had their God prayers and ceremonies proper vnto themselues Iupiter was honored amongst them for a remedy of stormes and tempests Mars for to eschew the perils and fortune of warres They honoured Iuno for to get riches Pallas to obtayne wisedome and Venus for to haue discent a 1000 like follies whiche amongst them were obserued so as they fell into such infamy that in the end they established their solemne feasts impure and vnhonest at the which it was vnto euery one indifferently permitted vnder pretext of religion and holinesse to rauish defloure women and maydens such were the braue solemnities of their false gods by the Graecians aunciently obserued vnder colour of religion and so deeply were their hearts drowned in errour and idolatry most abhominable through ignorance of true vnderstanding and knowledge of the most highest Lord. Cecrops of whom before mētion is made was the first amongst them that called on God vnder the name of Iupiter who inuented the images and dressed the altars for to offer sacrifices And Orpheus was he which produced and celebrated the first sacrifices vnto Liber Pater in the mountaine Boetia neer vnto Thebes wheras Liber Pater was born Wherfore they were called Orpheique and in the same Orphee was afterwardes taken and torne in peeces And likewise amongest the Thebans the Eagle was in opinion thought to be of such diuinity that because she did flie so high they supposed her to haue some communication with God The Athenians also had their religion in such honour and reuerence that they banished out of their city the Philosopher Diagoras for that he durst write that he doubted whether there were any goddes and if there were any what kind of ones they might be These also condemned the wise Socrates for the suspitious opinion they had in him that he would haue brought into their citie a new religion which Socrates when it was reported vnto him that the Athenians had condemned him to die and they quoth he are vndoubtedly condemned by nature Behold thus haue yee the auncient maner of liuing and religion of the Graecians The moderne religion of the Graecians Chap. 36. ABout the time that the sauiour of the world suffered death and passion on the crosse with his own blood to buy again the sinne of our first father the true religion and knowledge of God began to shew and take roote amongst the Graecians thorow the meanes of the holy preachings of the disciples and Apostles of Iesus Christ namely by the Apostle S. Paule whiche by diuine inspiration in Thessalonia Athens Corinth and Achaia preached and announced Christ to be the true Messias and through many godly miracles so multiplied the christianity that in the end leauing their dānable superstition the woorshipping and calling on their false gods which so long time had held them in obscurity and dark damnation they acknowledged their faults opened their eies to take the right tast of the light to eternall saluation wherein they haue alwaies persisted vntil such time as through the inuention cursed venim of Sathan they fel in succession of time into many errors damnable heresies as into that of the Manicheans which affirmed that there were 2. goddes the one good and the other euill whiche both were eternal that Iesus Christ was not the true God They boasted also that they could giue the holy ghost they forbade marriages al superior puissāce as for the books of the apostles they wold by no means beleue in thē but made doctrines of themselues which they called gospels of Iesus Christ. They were also infected with Donatus sects which said the sonn to be lesse thē the father the holy ghost lesse thē God the sonne afterwardes following the heresie of Nestor Bishop of Constantinople affirmed that the virgin Marie was not the mother of God but only the mother of a man in placing two persons the one humane and the other diuine with the heretike Eutiches Abbot in Constantinople said the diuinitie to be with the humanitie consequently from the time of Constantin the Emperor they stuck vnto the infected heresie of Arrius which was no lesse pestiferous then other for they taught that Iesus Christ was not borne naturally God diuers other most blasphemous things more amply wiritten in the first book of Theodorete Bishop of Cyropolis wherby in the end through god his myraculous worke the authour of the same sect was punished according to his deseruings for being pressed in his belly as he was going to the stoole he burst through the middest of his bellie and so died miserably and notwithstanding that all their errours haue been reiected and conuinced by many Synodes and Councels● yet doe they at this present erre in many things from our faith for they maintaine that the holy Ghost proceedeth from the father and not from the sonne they doe nothing agree with the Latines for they will by no meanes acknowledge the Pope of Rome to be the head of their churche and much lesse doe esteeme his commaundements But to the contrary doe say that the Popes whom they esteeme with all their adherents as heretikes and schismatiks haue corrupted and violated the gospels and other bookes of our religion to adde or take away that which seemed good vnto them for to serue their insatiable and damnable auarice Moreouer they say themselues too bee the first that were conuerted vnto the faith and that because they beleeue purely and simply the true traditions of the primitiue churche as by the Apostles it was preached anounced vnto thē They haue foure patriarches in foure seueral prouinces which do command haue power of the orientall churches whereof the first principall● is hee which is at Constantinople vnto whom as vnto their chiefe superiour they doe obey with all honour reuerence All the Christians of Grecia Macedonia Epire Thracia and the yles of Archepelague and other count●ies subiect vnto the Constantinopolitan Empire yea and ouer the Muscouites The second recedith at Caire hath vnder him Egipt Arabia The third cōmandeth ouer Iudea Damas Barut Tripoli in Suria keepeth his seat at Ierusalem The fourth last hath his place of aboad in the citie of Antioch and hath puissaunce ouer the Greciā church of Suria These Patriarches are chosen created by the Metropolitans of the prouinces as the popes are by the Cardinals aboue all things they haue a regarde to choose amongst thē those which they think to be of a perfect age wittie manfull holy of life And notwithstanding they haue the ful power autoritie ouer their churches yet do they not possesse either townes castels or fortresses nor yet doe entertaine men of war or archers for the gard of their persons They doe not also apparrel thēselues in cloth of gold purple veluet crimsin sattin or any other cloth of silk but do liue in all simplicitie modestie hauing none other reuenew for their

entertainement or liuing bookes apparrel thē about the sum of 200. d●cates a yeere which are ordeined distributed vnto thē by the churches ouer which they do cōmaund their garmentes are nothing different nor more rich thē those of a simple mōk whom they do call Caloier but that vpon their head insteed of a three crowned myter they do weare a great felt hat wherupon is laid a large band of cloth of gold crosse wise Their priests did weare long beards were marryed to one woman onely which comming to die they might not marrie another and if they were found in adultery they were punished by their superiors without any mercy They do celebrate the masse in their vulgare lāguage to the intent to bee vnderstanded of all men and cōmunicate the L. supper vnder two kinds do it indifferently aswell vnto the great as lesser sort They do not put any water into their wine they deny the purgatory say that praiers fastings almes do nothing help the souls of the disceased wil not suffer any carued images of saints in their churches but on flat pictures painted These patriarches haue besides an other custom very strāge which is that euery yere on the good friday they do anathemise excōmunicate the pope al princes christiā people obeying vnto the traditions of the Rom church They do obserue two Lents with great abstinence wher of the first beginneth on the fat mūday being ix dayes before the lēt of the Latins during these ix daies they may eat egs cheese and fish but after that vntil Easter they doe abstayn frō al kind of fishes and other meat that hath blood in it The other Lent they do solemnise in the time of the Aduent thē do fast 40. dayes with like abstinence as at the first And finally they haue many other ceremonies farre different from the Romaine Church and although in their religion they do obserue many good things yet do they in many things differ much from the primitiue Church I meane such as haue bin taught vs by the Apostles By reason of which their errors as for diuers other vyces wherwith they haue bin are entangled it is not to be marueiled at though this Graecian nation which hath byn the most flourishing in al Europe aswel in gouernment of cōmon wealth as administration of iustice good policy ful of excellēt captains and good souldiers expert philosophers yea that rightly it might haue byn called the iust spring and fountaine of all phylosophy and liberall sciences and now through the variable course of nature vnstedfastnes of fortune the most desart barbarous desolated countrey habitable on earth as beyng fallen into ignominious calamity and miserable seruitude vnder those that are more barbarous For besides the great vyces wherin first they were so deepe drowned being in the chiefe of their monarchie and magnificēce after they had ouercome the Persians feeling themselues riche puissant because of suche a spoile they fel into such pride presumption that not being able to liue in peace one with another had between them many long cruel warres vppon which followed the ruine saccagement desolation of their coūtrey burning of their cities cruel murthering of their anciēt citizēs other inestimable losses So as by the same Graecia was altogether destroied marred and ouerthrown yea that after it was set as a pray opē passage to those y t wold inuade y e same in the end frō honest cōmō wealthes politike gouernmēt the inhabitāts were brought vnder tirāny forthwith vnder kingdōs And after they had remaind vnder the subiectiō obeisance of the romain empire vnto the last Cōstantin for making vp of their last calamities by diuyne permission for punishmēt of their vices detestable sinnes after they had lost their Emperour and the imperiall citie of Constantinople his wife children parentes friendes and riches to the whole ruine of the oriental empire they beyng all destroied dead or captiues seques●red of their rightes immunities traunchises and liberties too the moste shamefull confusion of Princes and Christian potentates contempt of diuine religion These wretched Graecians are left vnder the miserable seruitude of these miscreated Mahometists constrained to insupportable tributes yea to pay the tenth person of their owne children as before in the description of the Azamoglans I haue declared such are the righteous iudgements of GOD towards the misbeleeuing and those that abuse his gracious gifts I haue before liuely set forth the figure of a woman of Lacedemonia to wit of those which vpon the high waies neere vnto the villages do sell bread vnto the passers by and hereafter I doe represent vnto you the Gentleman and the Merchant of Graecia and the Gentlemans hat must be blacke as that of the Albanoys and the tulbant of the merchant must be skie coloured yee haue also here the portraite of a woman of the countrey in Graecia A Gentleman of Graecia A Merchant of Grecia A countrie woman of Grecia A Table of the Chapters of this booke of Nauigations and Peregrinations Orientals of Nicolas de Nicolay of Daulphine Chamberlaine and Geographer ordinary of the king of Fraunce The first number signifieth the Chapter the seconde the Folio Chapters of the first booke THE departure and voyage of the Lord of Arramont Ambassadour for the king towards the great Turk from Constantinople to returne into Fraunce Chap. 1. Folio 1. The departure of the Lord of Arramont from the Court to returne in his Ambassage into Leuant towards the great Turke 2.1 Of the yles Baleares now called Maiorque Minorque 3.3 Of the yles auncienly called the Pitious and now Ieuisse and Fromentiere 4.3 Nauigation from the yles called Pitious to the citie of Alger 5.3 Of our arriuall in Alger 6.4 Of the great perilles dangers wee were brought into by the meanes of certaine Christian slaues that were escaped 7.5 Description of the citie of Alger 8.7 By what meanes Cairadin Barbarouse came to the king of Alger 9.12 Of the further proceeding on our nauigation 10.12 Of the the towne Teddel and the inhabitantes thereof 11. 13 Of the citie of Bone aunciently called Hippon of which saint Augustine was bishop 12.13 Of our arriuall at the yle of Panthalaree 13.14 Description of the yle 14.15 Of our departure frō the yle Panthalaree towards Malta 15.15 Description of the yle of Malta 16.17 Of our departure from Malta towards Tripoli 17.19 Foundation of the Citie of Tripoli 18.20 Of the Bazar where the christiās were sold taken in the yles of Sicile Malta and Goze of their maner of trenches Gabions and batteries of the Turke 19.21 Of the composition and giuing ouer of the castle of Tripoli vnto Sinan Bascha 20.24 Description of the ruines of Tripoli 21.26 Of our returne from Tripoli to returne to Malta 22.28 The Chapters of the second booke THE departure of the Lorde of Arramont Ambassadour for