present on the Kings behalf These Ecclesiastical Courts are proper for all the Clergy but if the Cases are of little importance they are first judged by the Praepositus who is like our Rural Deans and some of the eldest Ministers in his District which may be called an Inferiour Court but in both these nothing is judged but things of Ecclesiastical Nature In Copenhagen there is a Consistory where the Rector Magnisicus chosen every year out of the Professors and like the Vice-chancellors at Oxford and Cambridge is President and most of the Professors his Assistants in this Court all things relating to the University are debated As for his politick comparison of the Trap to kill Vermin in Dovc-houses p. 239. and his nice Description of the Headsman and Kennel-raker I shall only tell the Reader that they are false and so leave them to our Authors further Reflection CHAP. XVI The State of Religion of the Clergy and Learning c. WE must not expect great Accuracy in what he says of the Reformation of Danmark neither as to the Time nor the King that then reigned For not only Frederick the First p. 249. but his Cousin Chrisliern the Second favoured Luthers Doctrine and both he and his Queen who was Sister to Charles V. died in that Profession Frederick who succeeded his Nephew in the year 1524. by a Publick Edict enjoyned that no body in his Kingdoms or Provinces under the Forfeiture of Life and Goods should do the other any hurt either Papist or Lutheran but every one should so behave himself in his Religion as he would answer it before God Almighty with a good Conscience At the same time seriously commanding that the People should be well informed in the Doctrine of the Gospel that the Romish Abuses might be the sooner extirpated This he repeated in the Diet of Odensee A. D. 1527. and more was not done by this King till his death which happen'd A.D. 1533. saving that he himself adhered to the Protestant Religion and favoured both that and its Preachers where-ever he could in his whole Dominions But Popery was tolerated however nay as yet carried the Sway by the great Oppositions and Power of the Bishops This appeared in the Diet which was called upon the Death of Frederick in which Diet one of the chief Lutheran Preachers Mr. John Tousson had been oppressed by the Power of the Bishops if the Citizens of Copenhagen who adhered firmly to the Protestant Religion had not rescued him with force of Arms from whence we see that though Frederick the First brought it in yet he did not establish so generally Luthers Doctrine in his Dominions as we are told by this Author p. 249. Afterwards King Christian III. finding great opposition from the Popish Party with much trouble and not without effusion of blood having besieged Copenhagen a whole year and at last forced it to surrender by Famine began to establish the Reformation with vigor for the seven Popish Bishops were suddenly surprized and imprisoned by the King and after having been publickly before the Diet of the Kingdom accused and convicted of many enormous crimes were all deposed and seven other Superintendants or Protestant Bishops afterwards consecrated in their places The King was crowned by Dr. John Bugenhagen who had been a Fellow-Labourer with Luther in the work of the Reformation and in the year 1539. in the Diet of Odensee the last hand was set to the Reformation and it was wholly and universally introduced and settled in Danmark as it is at this day Now I leave the Reader to judge of the great Accuracy of our Author when he says that Frederick the First established Luther's Doctrine about 150 years ago p. 235. First 150 years ago Frederick the First had been dead for above nine years and next it was his Son Christian the Third who established the Protestant Religion in the year 1539. There is a Union and Harmony of Religion throughout the whole Kingdom and this our Author says p. 251. Cuts off occasion of Rebellion and Mutiny 'T is very reasonable it should and a sign that the Clergy do their duty in preaching such due obedience as the Gospel enjoyns and the People show their sence of Religion in being directed by them not that the Priests depend entirely upon the Crown as this Author intimates p. 251. any more than the rest of the King of Danmark's Subjects nor the People absolutely governed by the Priests ibid. with a blind obedience any further than Scripture and Reason obliges them The Clergy have full Scope given them to be as bigotted as they please ib. I know not what he means by their being bigotted unless it is that they are zealous in teaching their People the Doctrines of Salvation and resisting Vice and Scandal in their peculiar Churches as they ought to be perhaps this Author would not have them trouble their heads much about Religion nor be zealous for any one in particular but content themselves with an idle Despondency and scepticism concerning all That the Clergy have no common Charity for any that differ from them in opinion except the Church of England p. 251. is a proposition very boldly advanced against a body of men in whom Charity ought always to be conspicuous and for a Defence against this Charge they appeal to those numerous French Protestants who have fled to them for Relief to whom at present they allow a Church for their publick Worship though there has been no example before since the Reformation and the Law is directly against it They confess that they cannot joyn in Communion with them because they differ as to the real Presence in the Sacrament and in the point of absolute Predestination which they take to be essential for 't is the Doctrine of Reprobation which has been the greatest stumbling block between them and the Calvinists but the Lutherans seeing the great Moderation of the Church of England both in that particular and in the other of the Real Presence they have always had a great veneration for it and could be very desirous that their Doctrines especially that concerning the Sacrament were but rightly understood so as to come to a Union with it for 't is a general mistake in England to call the notion of the Lutheran Protestants concerning the Sacrament Consubstantiation p. 252. for no such word is used amongst them their notion amounts to this that they believe stedfastly a real and true Presence of the Body and Blood of Christ in the Sacrament in a manner ineffable which our Saviour himself is best able both to know and do whereas Consubst antiation would imply something more natural and material Did Princes think it worth their while to promote this Union our Author is confident p. 252. that the business of Consubstantiation would make no difference It would be of wonderful consequence if Princes should really promote this Union between Churches so considerable and no better work could be performed
assurances from the Mufti that any Rebellion shall be raised there speedily Come we now to the grand Query Whither matters are like to last at the same rate they are now at in Danmark p. 264. Our Author would willingly have it resolv'd in the Negative and gives important reasons why it should be so And more important why it should not be so Let us see his self-encounter at pro and con and the mighty tumults and bustles raised in our Authors fallacious Judgment p. 264. First That natural Love of Liberty eminent in the antient Goths and Vandals perswade him to think of a change ib. But alas the Love of Liberty which was that of Knight â—rrantry and Rambling to seek their Fortunes in foreign Countries being now quite extinct in the North they find sufficient conveniencies at home where Obedience to their Prince secures their Ease and is preferr'd by them before those brisk Traverses as he calls them which commotions would occasion p. 267. So Love of Liberty might do something but that Duty prevails Well but again may not the freshness and newness of this alteration of their condition produce an alteration in the Government p. 265. Why truly no because he finds it to have little or no influence upon the people who are wonderfully well pleas'd both with one and t'other So that if the Father should propose any methods of change to his Son he would not be heard by him with patience pâ— 268. Buâ—â— however to try again What should hinder the Swedes who have their Eye upon Danmark from introducing Liberty p. 266. Why truly they use their own Subjects so ill and there is such a â—â—â—t hatred betwixt these two Nations that the Danes are resolv'd to keep them out as long as they are able p. 2â—8 The last hope then is in the numerousness of the Royal Family for there being four Princes it will be rare if Concord be maintained among them all p. 266. And thence something in favour of Liberty might arise 'T is a thousand pities that matters should not be brought to this pass But such is the Wickedness of this cursed Soil that those Jealousies which use to reign in the Families of Princes are not so common nor fatal in these parts as elsewhere p. 270. Besides there is a terrible thing call'd Unity of Religion p. 268. which spoils all manner of hopes and cuts away the very root of Sedition So then the sum of the grand controversy amounts to this That the Government of Danmark might be shaken were it not supported by a firm security from foreign attempts by a mutual concord in the Royal Family by the Ease Content Loyalty and Religion of the Subject in a word by all the Blessings and Cements which make Governments happy and consequently will render this of Danmark fixt and durable Since nothing hitherto will do the work what if this Author could get his Account translated into the Danish Tongue might not that when publisht have so blessed an effect as to occasion a change not only in their Condition but also in their Masters Why truly whatever his aim may have been nearer home and though it has been printed in English yet he has not perswaded his Countrymen to endeavour an alteration in either of theirs So that if the present State of both Kingdoms be fixt and durable then his Book poor Gentleman has lost its design and he his labour FINIS Books Printed for and sold by Tho Bennet at the Half Moon in St. Pauls Church-yard FOLIO's Athenae Oxonienses Or an exact History of all the Writers and Bishops who have had their Education in the University of Oxford from 1500. to the end of 1690. Representing the Birth Fortunes Preferments and Death of all those Authors and Prelates the great Accidents of their Lives with the Fate and Character of their Writings The Work being so Compleat that no Writer of Note of this Nation for near two hundred years past is omitted In Two Volumes A New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam by Monsieur de la Loubere Envoy Extraordinary from the French King to the King of Siam in the Years 1687 1688. Wherein a full and curious Account is given of their Natural History as also of their Arithmetick and other Mathematick Learningâ— In two Tomes Illustrated with Sculptures Done out of French By A. P. Fellow of the Royal Society The Works of Mr. Abraham Cowley The Eighth Edition To which is added The Cutter of Colemanstreer Never before Printed in any Edition of his Works Sir William D'avenants Works Dr. Pocock's Commentary on the Prophets Joel Micah Malachi and Hosea Voyages and Adventures of Ferdinand Pinto who was five times Shipwrakt sixteen times sold and thirteen times made a Slave in AEthiopia China c. Written by himself The Second Edition 1693. Quarto's A Critical History of the Text and Versions of the New Testament wherein is firmly Established the Truth of those Acts on which the Foundation of Christian Religion is laid In Two Parts By Father Simon of the Oâ—atory Together with a â—â—â—uâ—ation of such Passages as seem contrary to the Doctrine and Practice of the Church of England The Works of the Learned Or an Historical Account and Impartial Judgment of the Books newly Printed both Foreign and Domestick Together with the State of Learning in the World By J. de la Crose a late Author of the Universal Bibliotheques The first Volume is finished with compleat Indexes A Sermon before the King and Queen By the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Worcester The Bishop of Châ—â—ter's Charge to his Clergy at at his Primary Visitution May 5. 1691. and his Sermon before the King and Queen 1694. Five Sermons before the King and Queen By Dr. Mâ—ggot Dean of Winchester Two Sermons One before the Honourable House of Commons on a Thanksgiving in November 1691â— The other before the King and Queen in November 1692. By Dr. Jane Dean of Gloucester Three Sermons One on a Thanksgiving the two others before the King and Queen By Dr. Talbot Dean of Worcester Mr. Atterbury's Sermon before the Queen at White-â—all May 29. 1693. Dr. Resbury's three Sermons before the Queen A Discourse â—ent to the Late King James to perswade â—â—â— to embrace the Protestant Religion By Sam. Parker late Lord Bishop of Oxon. To which are perfixed two Letters the first from Sir Lionel Jenkins on the same Subject the second from the said Bishop with the Discourse All Printed from the Original Manuscripts The Plagiary Exposed or an old Answer to a newly revived Calumny against the Memory of King Charles the first under the Title of Colonel Ludlows Letter By Mr. Butler Author of Hudibras Never brfore Printed A short Defence of the Orders of the Church of England By Mr. Luke Milbourn The first Book of Virgill's AEneis Made English by Mr. Luke Milbourn The Reasons of Mr. Bayes's Changing his Religion In Three Parts By Mr. Tho. Brown Novus Reformator
that call'd Collegium Regium built by King Christian IV. where a hundred Students have their Lodgings to which belongs another house call'd Communitas Regia where as many have their diet and during their meals have frequent exercises There is also Collegium Walkendorpâ—ianum founded by a Danish Nobleman and Collegium Medicaeum founded by Dr. Borrichius splendidly endowed for sixteen Fellows in each of them There are several Exhibitions likewise for Scholars some to reside and some to travel which they call Stipendia as Stipendium Frisianum Scheelianum Winstrupianum Hopnerianum c. With these Assistances the University flourishes and it receives encouragement from his Majesty who was particularly pleased to be present at an Act performed upon his Birth day in the year 91 when the Rector Dr Oligerus Jacobaeus made him a Speech to thank him for some favours conferr'd upon the University For since Pliny and Pacatus his time Panegyricks have been thought due to good Princes and if a King will do great things he must pardon his Subjects when gratitude makes them eloquent in the relation of them There was formerly another University at Sora but p. 256. The King had occasion for its Revenues and in its stead there is only a small Grammar School erected It was ruined by the Swedes in the late Wars and pillaged of its Libraries and all things else that belonged to it so that the King of Danmark has thought fit to let it be a School only and in its room has erected an Academy in Copenhagen where young Gentlemen and Persons of Quality learn Riding and several Exercises as well as other Sciences This has its Professors and was solemnly inaugurated upon the Kings Birth day in 1692. The Provisions for the poor are regular and considerable Hospitals there are in every City very good and sufficient nor shall he show many examples of such as have been diverted to other Uses p. 257. and especially not publick ones The Author concludes this Chapter with a very great Encomium of the Danish People p. 257 where every one keeps the ordinary beaten road of sence and you see no Madmen natural Fools fanciful Folks or Enthusiasts for these are the People that generally create uneasiness and disturbances and I will assure the Author that ever since I first read his Book when I have been troubled with a fanciful Fool that I could not in good manners get rid of I have often wish'd my self in Danmark The Conclusion THe Authors Conclusion is a Panegyrick upon Popery France and Turky Popery has this to say for it self That it is not the only Religion that intrâ—â—â—ces Slavery for he is perswaded that other Religions and particularly the Lutheran succeed as effectually in this â—â—â—â—â— p. 25â— Besides Popery has a farther Plea That King James's attempt to bring it into England was the principal thing which rescued our Liberties from being swallowed up p. 259. But the third thing excellent in it is because the dependance which the Romish Clergy have on the Church of Rome causes often a clashing of Interests and derogates from the entire Obedience the Subject owes to the Prince p. 260. So that whereas he says p. 136. Popery has been the Darling of many Monarchs upon the account of introducing Slavery It is this Authors Darling because it raises Wars and Tumults France is put next into the Scale with Danmark and made to outweigh it because that Kings Subjects are better treated and there is a Name of a Parliament at Paris and a formal demand of a Benevolence which they have not the power to deny p. 261. But the true reason is because the King of France having quarrelled with the Court of Rome his Clergy if he were reduced to a lower Ebb might produce divisions and disturbances ib. So in this Authors opinion France is happier than Danmark because there is greater probability that it may lie under the misfortunes of a Civil War Then comes Turky which has suffer'd by some Writers but he says will scarce seem to deserve it if compared with Danmark for the Turks have conâ—uered the Christians and have a sort of barbarous right to use them ill Yet they never persecute them upon Account of â—onscience They suffer them for the most part to inhabit their own Lands it is true the propriety of all Lands is in the Grand Seignior but whether it be not better to be only a Farmer at an eaâ—e Rent than to have the name of a Proprietor without a comfortaable subsistance he leaves the Reader to judge p. 262. The Alcoran or Turkish Law declares the barbarous right which our Author mentions in these words When you meet with Infidels cut off their heads kill them take them Prisoners bind them till either you think fit to give them Liberty or they pay their Ransom Sir Paul Rycaut is an Author of credit who describes to us that sort of toleration which the Turks give the Christian Religion They know they cannot force Mens Wills and Consciences nor captivate their Minds as well as Bodies But what means may be used to render them contemptible to make 'em poor their Lives uncomfortable and the Interest of their Religion weak and despicable are practised with divers Arts and Tyranny their toleration of Christianity is rather to afflict and persecute it than any grant of favour and dispensation The Grand Seignior may take their Estates from them if he pleases whilst they live and all People know there is no such thing as Inheritance of Land in Turky at their Death Let therefore the Reader judge what Christian would not rather live in Turky than enjoy the free use of the Protestant Religion and have his property securâ—d inviolably to himself and Heirs as he may do in Danmark Children are indeed in Turky forced away from their poor Christian Parents but says the Author it is for their worldly profit and so bating the point of Religion it is a far less mischief to deprive Parents of their Children than to leave a charge upon their hands after having taken away the possibility of nourishing and educating them p. 263. I profess upon reading this Paragraph I enquired how many Children were starved every week in Copenhagen and whither there were not greater quantities that died for want throughout all Sealand I ask'd whither there were not abundance of famish'd Infants that their Parents would be glad to part with for Skeletons upon reasonable terms But being resolv'd that there was Pap and Milk-porridge and the like in those places and that the Children when they cried had as much Bread and Butter as is usual in other Countries I resolv'd with my self that my Children should rather go to Danmark with all its inconveniencies than be circumcised or made Eunuchs upon the hopes of coming one day to be Caimacan or Grand Visier I wonder most how our Author ever came to like Turky since I do not find that he has any hopes or