The Main PRINCIPLES OF Christian Religion IN An 107 short Articles or Aphorisms generally receiv'd as being prov'd from Sripture Now further cleared and confirm'd by the Consonant Doctrine recorded in the Articles and Homilies of the Church of England under Four Heads VIZ. Of things to be I. Believed comprehended in the CREED II. Done in the TEN COMMANDMENTS III. Practis'd in the GOSPEL particularly TWO SACRAMENTS IV. Pray'd for in the LORDS PRAYER EXPLAIN'D By Tho. Adams M.A. sometime Fellow of Brazen-Nose College in Oxon and late Chaplain to the Right Honourable Countess Dowager of Clare LONDON Printed in the Year 1675. To the Inhabitants of Wood-Church in Wirral-Hundred in Cheshire Dear Countrymen and Friends WHiles in my retired condition I was lately devising how I might do some good to the place of my Nativity I had a strong apprehension from the affections many of you have express'd to my Fathers Family that some of the Labours of my dear Brother Mr. Thomas Adams now with God would be very acceptable to you for the edification of your souls and thereupon as most generally useful for you I resolv'd to be at the charge of Printing this Catechetical Explanation of His. 'T is well known amongst you that my Grandfather Mr. Richard Adams was Rector of your Church and then by his purchase Patron of the perpetual Advowson Six of his Line and Name since all devoted to the Ministry of the Gospel viz. Mine honoured Father Mr. Charles Adams and Uncle Mr. Randal Adams yet I hope alive in Ireland my self and three Brothers Peter Thomas and Charles Adams were born in the Personage-house My dear Mother who also bore two other of my Brothers viz. Iames and Iohn there too the Daughter of a worthy Gentleman was likewise born in your Parish My Reverend Father and Uncle did some short part of their time exercise their Ministry amongst you and all of us Brethren in the Ministry have preached an occasional Sermon or more to you though none of us could be setled with you to spend our selves and be spent amongst you However we that are alive and at a distance from you do often bear you upon our hearts and earnestly desire that you may be saved in the day of our Lord Iesus Christ. Some of you cannot but remember whiles my dear Father had the charge of your Souls he did preach the Gospel to you both in season and out of season beseeching you to be reconciled to God who soon took him off from that work with you to his eternal rest And I do assure you my Brother whose sound and wholesome fruit you may here taste was very solicitous and so are those who yet survive that you may be acquainted with the truth as it is in Iesus In order whereunto I do now present and heartily recommend to you this short Manual of Christian Doctrine I pray you be pleased to receive it kindly and entertain it friendly not only out of love to the Author or Donor but to the Truth It is proverbially said amongst you Cheshire Chief of Men there having anciently been valiant ones born and bred there Let not now any Prophet of the Lord have occasion to complain of you that none are valiant for the truth which none can be as they ought unless well-trained instructed or Cateehised as Abrahams brave ones were for the war in the mysteries of the Gospel for lack of knowledg wherein a professing people will be destroyed Being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them because of the blindness of their heart He that made them will not have mercy on them and he that formed them will shew them no favour To prevent this mischievous ignorance and help your understandings that you may rightly know God and do his will Such as I have give I you Let none then despise this small token of my love which I do in the name of Iesus Christ send to you Others of their plenty have formerly given to the meaner sort of you Milk and Bread for the body and lately Means for the instructing the Minds of your Children in the Rudiments of Learning now I do offer a Mite out of my penury to establish your hearts in Religion spiritual milk and bread which I know you have need of It comes not to eat your Bread but to distribute something of the bread of life to every Family I expect you should bid it welcome and not distaste it as the Gaderens for the sake of their Hogs did the company of Christ himself wishing him to leave their Coasts Lest coming in kindness to you all at this day it should be a Testimony against any of you at the great day Believe me I would not have it as the Flying Roll in the Prophets Vision to consume any House whereinto it doth enter but to warn every person and every family of you in this crooked generation to flee from the wrath to come and meet God by repentance I confess it would trouble me to come into any of your Houses or have tydings thereof and find this little Book designed for your good to be carelesly thrown up and down and given to little ones to play with and tear in pieces or the leaves cut out with a knife and burnt as the Book that Baruch wrote from the mouth of the Prophet Ieremiah was misused and mostly for the sake of those careless and untoward ones Yet if one sinner be reclaimed by it from the error of his ways built up in faith and love and brought really to obey the Gospel that will answer all my cost and be abundant matter of much joy But if our Gospel be hid it is hid to them that are lost However I may in some sort say with the Apostle for his Countrymen Brethren my hearts desire and prayer to God for you is that you may be saved I shall therefore take the freedom upon this occasion to enlarge something under these three following heads viz. 1. Concerning the necessity of instructing and being instructed in the Doctrine which is according to godliness 2. The import and advantage of this Book before you and how you may particularly use and improve it 3. Some general Rules consonant to Scriptures and the Materials of this Book grourded thereon to help you all in your Practise I. The necessity of instructing or Catechising both as it respects those who Teach and those who are Taught is evident from the Injunction of the supream Lawgiver who doth frequently charge Superiours to teach and Inferiours to learn Which strongly obligeth those who have others under their authority to do it as they are able and if they cannot read themselves to put those who have learn'd to read upon the work and see them do it to the utmost of their power for edification To strengthen this charge of so great and useful importance
the Spirit of God doth highly commend the practice according to it as that wherein he much delighteth and therefore makes it necessary to us who should be solicitous to please him yea in the Families wherein we live as well as in the Congregation as a part of that solemn service he hath appointed in his word with Prayers and Praises Unless persons learn the Principles of Christian Doctrine they will not be able to hear Sermons with profit nor understand clearly and distinctly the nature of Faith Repentance Iustification c. nor to give a reason of the hope that is in them which they are required to do And the rather that they may withstand fundamental errors as well as resist evil practices which was memorably seen in the very Children of Merindol who made a solemn Confession of their Faith from Scripture amazing and confounding their persecuting adversaries That shining Star Luther in the dawning of the Reformation used to say his Catechism was parva Biblia the little Bible meaning a short sum of that heavenly Doctrine which the very Son of God did publish from the bosom of his eternal Father and which the Holy Spirit did reveal by the Prophets and Apostles for the salvation of our souls This might move him reforming the Church from the dregs of Idolatry and Superstition to carry his Catechism always along with him to read and peruse it almost every day as he did affirming seriously that he always learned something from it which he did not at least so practically know before Agreeable whereunto in our age said laborious holy and zealous Mr. Ioseph Alleine concerning Catechism If any think themselves above it 't is from their pride or ignorance for my part I account my self a learner And therefore a Sum of Christian Principles methodically digested and explain'd ought to be sought after and embrac'd by us as a precious treasure yea for the elder to have recourse to but more especially for the younger who almost from their very Cradles may learn something of it as the Apostle speaks that as new-born Babes they may receive the sincere milk of the word that they may grow thereby Upon this account I earnestly intreat you who can justly claim a superiority in your own houses that you would bethink your selves what an authority you are entrusted with from God who requires you to exercise it with an holy zeal and maintain it with all Christian prudence without Lordliness and rigour endeavour to be well skill'd in the Scripture consult the several tempers of those within your doors allot fit and stated seasons for the getting of these Principles by heart and watch over them daily with care both as to their set task and practice answerable to these Principles keeping them seriously to mind both the business of Religion in their general Calling and of their distinct worldly employments in their particular Callings Suffer not your selves and houses to go hurrying to Hell by opposing Gods most wise government of the world which he carries on orderly for the safety and comfort of his Servants by well-instructed Families such as Abrahams was who became instrumental to carry down the knowledg of God in all peaceableness to posterity so as to leave an expectation of Gods blessing upon them whose welfare Nature it self doth move us to promote The truth is My Friends if we did but remember our selves as we are Christians dedicated to God by Baptism expecting benefit by the purchase of Christ we should consider we are not our own but bought with a price under the greatest obligation to live to him that hath bought us and should take all possible care that we and ours might be His. Do then I beseech you all you can to save your selves and others Oh! pity their poor souls defiled by sin and expos'd to misery Oh! let them not perish through your carelesness lest any of them say in Hell as Cyprian brings in Children saying their Parents were their Murderers 'T is long of you that we lye in easeless torments Bewail the corrupted sad estate of your Children as descending and deriving pollution from you Let them timely know the only remedy bring them to reverence the holy God and read his word with greatest awe shewing them the danger of breaking his Commandments the benefit of ordering their lives according to his mind that they may truly glorifie and enjoy him Charge them to take heed they be not carryed away with an inordinate love to the profits pleasures and honours of this life but learn the great lessons of self-denial and cleaving to the Lord Jesus with full purpose of heart bearing patiently whatever he is pleas'd to try them with And be sure you neglect not seasonably and duly to admonish and correct them that their iniquities be not their ruine Do you who are Inferiours willingly submit Oh! take heed of refusing instruction or opposing the means which is used to bring you acquainted with God and your selves lest you be found guilty of shutting out the light of the glorious Gospel of Christ who is the image of God that it may not shine into your hearts II. Concerning the import and usefulness of this small Book I do here put into your hands and houses praying the spiritual matter of it may reach to and abide in your hearts You see here be under four chief Heads or Chapters an 107 short Articles which also are Answers to the Questions in the Margin now generally received These A.'s are as so many entire Sentences or distinct Propositions and Aphorisms the Commandments are Ten of them without depending for their sense upon any Question containing the fundamentals of Christian knowledg and practice so that the Learner may by committing them to memory lay up in his heart the Sum of Christianity and make a profession confession or repetition of it when call'd in a continued speech or else answer to any part of it particularly when the Questions in the Margin are used by another making enquiry into his knowledg These several Articles you find have plain proofs from Scripture at large to shew that these necessary matters of Faith and Obedience are surely founded upon the never-failing word of God whose supream authority should be of force to awe our consciences and engage our hearts to the practise of those things which do appear to be our indispensable duties Unto Divine warrant for further illustration and confirmation here are the Testimonies brought from the authentick Records of Reformed Religion amongst us I mean the Articles and Homilies of the Church of England as agreeing with and clearing or strengthening of the several Propositions yea and very consonant to the main body of the materials in the short Catechism which is in the Common Prayer Book to be learn'd by every Child before he be confirm'd or admitted to receive the Holy Communion For the four chief heads there are the Creed or things to be
it should be express'd or set forth in any Image or bodily Similitude And that in the First Table and the beginning thereof is this Doctrine aforesaid not briefly touch'd but at large set forth and that with denunciation of destruction to the contemners and breakers of this Law and their posterity after them Expl. 49. We have here principally observable 1. The order 2. The matter of the Commandment From the order we are to observe that God doth prefer the inward worship of the heart which is required in the first Command to the outward worship of the body which is here principally directed that the later or that of the body without the former is but hypocritical and the former without the later but partial so that God is to be worshipp'd with all our bodies and spirits Those therefore who do present their bodies in Idol-worship as that of the Mass and yet plead they keep their hearts for God are here condemned 2. The matter or argument and scope of the Command i. e. to prevent all miscarriages and abuses in bodily worship and to instruct men how they may present their bodies as well as their souls a living sacrifice holy and acceptable to God Yet to prevent mistakes about what is forbidden in this Command we are to note these two things 1. That not all making of Images or Pictures or likenesses of the creatures is here forbidden for then it would follow that a man might not so much as frame an Idea in his own fancy of one mans being like another contrary to the very notion of truth which is nothing else but a conformity betwixt the mind and the object 2. Nor is all civil use or historical representations of things to the eye which is so helpful to the understanding and memory here forbidden A. 50. The second Commandment requireth the receiving observing and keeping pure and entire all such religious Worship and Ordinances as God hath appointed in his Word Hom. II. p. 3. Let us honour and worship for Religions sake none but God and him let us worship and honour as he will himself and hath declared by his word that he will be worshipp'd and honoured not in nor by Images or Idols which he hath most straitly forbidden neither in kneeling lighting of Candles burning of Incense to believe that we should please him for all these be abomination before God but let us honour and worship God in spirit and in truth fearing and loving him above all things trusting in him only calling upon him and praying to him only praising and lauding of him only and all other in him Hom. XX. He requireth a sincere and pure love of godliness and of the true worshipping and serving of God i. e. that forsaking all manner of things that are repugnant and contrary to Gods will we do give our hearts unto him Expl. 50. In the general is here required that the bodily worshipping of God be performed only in such a manner both for substance and circumstances as God doth require or allow or at least is not expresly and consequentially contradicted in his word More particularly 1. It doth require our utmost and constant care and endeavour to observe and preserve all holy Ordinances and external Church-priviledges in their purity and freedom from all manner of corrupt mixtures in any kind whereby God is provoked fasting prayer thanksgiving hearing reading the Word singing of Psalms administration and participation of Gospel-Institutions as the Sacraments Swearing the Discipline and Censures of the Church Maintenance of Gospel Ministers c. 2. All outward decency in such external Rites and Ceremonies as are warrantably used in Religion especially in publick 3. All outward reverence in gesture speech and behaviour in the worship of God 4 All disapproving detesting and loathing all manner of Idolatries Will-worship superstition together with all the monuments and occasions and appearances thereof A. 51. The second Commandment forbiddeth the worshipping of God by Images or any other way not appointed in his Word To. 2. Hom II. p. 1. Lest the Doctrine against Images should not be marked or remarked the same is written and required not in one but in sundry places of the word of God Neither could the notableness of the place being the very beginning of the very loving Lords Law make us to mark it So that if either the multitude or plainness of the places might make us to understand or the earnest charge that God giveth in these places move us to regard or the horrible plagues punishment and dreadful destruction threatned to such worshippers of Images or Idols setters up or maintainers of them might ingender any fear in our hearts we would once leave and forsake this wickedness being in the Lords light so great an offence and abomination p. 3. Images and Image-worshipping were in the primitive Church which was most pure and incorrupt abhorr'd and detested as abominable and contrary to true Christian Religion p. 3. Idolatry cannot be separated from Images any long time but as an unseparable accident or as a shadow follows the body when the Sun shineth so Idolatry followeth and cleaveth to the publick having of Images in Temples and Churches It is not possible to keep men from Idolatry if Images be suffer'd publickly the Images of God our Saviour the Virgin the Apostles Martyrs and others of notable holiness of all others most dangerous Expl. 51. More particularly this command forbiddeth 1. absolutely and altogether the making of any kind of Images of God or of any person in the Trinity at least as God 2. It forbiddeth all making of Images in order to the worshipping of God in them or by them or any way abusing them in the true Religion as conceiting the presence of God to be in or with an Image in a more especial manner than elsewhere 3. All the means and direct occasions of Idolatry all inventions traditions and corruptions of men in Gods worship or about the worship of God 4. All manner of witchcraft or consulting those that have familiar Spirits 5. All worshipping of Images as well as of God before them together with all that religious respect that is given to them as in shrining cloathing them c. 6. All prophaning neglecting opposing or contemning of the worship and Ordinances of Christ as also all kind of Simony and Sacriledg A. 52. The Reasons annexed to the second Commandment are Gods Soveraignty over us his propriety in us and the zeal he hath to his own Worship Hom. II. p. 1. Concerning none other matter did God give more or more earnest and express Laws to his people than those that concern the true worshipping of him and the avoiding and fleeing of Idols and Images and Idolatry for that both the said Idolatry is most repugnant to the right worshipping of him and his true glory above all other vices and that he knew the proneness and inclination of mans