Declaration prefixed before the Articles in the Kings name prohibiting the free preaching of those points according to the Scriptures So as Ministers canot resolve what it is they subscribe unto in the sayd Article And therefore it is necessary that the said false Articles be wholly expunged and the doubtful as they pretend more fully explained and so the said Declaration prefixed taken away CASE XI Now all this done and the whole Antichristian yoke in the Prelacy with the burthen of all their Rites and Ceremonies removed from Christians neckes what is that particular form of government which is to be set up FOr answer First we premised something hereof in generall namely That Christs governement alone is to be set up in all true Christian congregations and so his yoke to be borne as our glory upon our neckes But secondly for further and a more particular unfolding of this government of Christ over every true Church or congregation First we are to enquire what the true Church of Christ is And secondly what is that governement which Christ hath appointed over every such Church For the first A true Church of Christ is a congregation of true beleevers men and women who by the Word of God preached are separated from the world and the reigning lusts thereof and declared to be such by the open profession of the true and right faith and by the conversation of Christian life conformable thereunto Such is a particular visible true Church or Congregation and so is as farre as wee can judge a true branch of the holy Catholique Church which is invisible comprehending the number of Gods Elect and is apprehended only by faith not by sight Now every such particular Congregation as aforesaid consisting of professed beleevers of the knowne truth of God according to which they frame the course of their life and conversation is in it selfe an absolute Church whose onely Governor for matters of faith and the true worship of God is Iesus Christ He it is that as King reigneth in this congregation and in all the members therof they acknowledge none other Governor for matters of Religion but Christ onely For herein stands his kingly Office and the Laws by which this King reigneth and governeth his Church is his written Word And his Vicegerent by whom Christ is alwayes present with every one of his severall Congregations is the holy Ghost which who so hath not is none of Christs Now having thus defined what a true Church of Christ is namely a congregation professing the known true faith every member thereof being able in some measure to give a reason of the maine points of faith and to make proofe of their profession by walking in a holy course of life hence it appeares who they be that are not admitted to bee members of this congregation or church of Christ therein to participate of the holy Sacrament untill their repentance and reformation namely all ignorant and prophane persons which neither beleeve a right nor live accordingly For the congregation of Christ is called the Communion of Saints being sanctified by faith in Christ and by his word and Spirit The second thing is to enquire and consider how this Church of Christ is to be governed To finde this out is no difficulty First sure it is that none but Christ is supreme and immediate Lord King and Governor of his Church whether of the Catholique or of every particular church or congregation rightly constituted as aforesaid so as no power on earth hath any authority to prescribe Lawes for the governement of this Church whether for doctrine or discipline whether for faith or worship but onely Christ whose written Word and Law is the onely rule of this government which Law all Princes who are therefore called Custodes utriusque Tabulae are bound by him whose Vicegerents they are to see well observed both by Ministers and people Here then wee will speake of the Officers which Christ hath appointed over every Christian congregation and those are either Ministers or other officers of the people First for the Ministers they are called by sundry titles as a Bishops or Presbyters b Pastors and Teachers c Ministers d Labourers and the like Their principall office is to pray to preach the word to administer the Sacraments And these Ministers however stiled in Scripture are all of equall authority not one over another nor one over many nor many over one each being in his place peculiar congregation under Christ alone as the King of his Church to whom he is accountable and under Christ to the civill Magistrate as being a subject But here a question may be moved whether a Synod of Ministers or of the churches have not power over any one Minister and so over all the Congregations either to censure particular persons or congregations or to prescribe and impose orders Rites Canons or the like For answer Some are of opinion that a Synod hath authoritie to binde particular churches to such rites as they shall prescribe and impose And they alledge that Synod or assembly of the Apostles wherein were determined certaine observances which they sent and imposed on the churches of the new convert Gentiles as necessary for them to observe some wherof were Iewish ceremonies Hence they conclude That a Synod collected of the churches hath power over particular churches to ordaine and impose ceremonies as necessary to bee observed But this act of the Apostles is no president or patterne for succeeding ages The reason is first because the Apostles were inspired with the holy Ghost which wholly guided them in all matters of the Church so as in that their determination they say expressely It seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to us to lay upon you no greater burthen Now what Synod in any age after the Apostles could ever say that they were infallibly inspired and assisted by the holy Ghost If any can infallibly assure me hereof that a Synod after the Apostles cannot erre but that they can truly say It pleased the holy Ghost and us then I will obey all their Decrees Secondly That injunction of the holy Ghost and of the Apostles was but {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} for that present time for the avoyding of offences betweene Iewes and Gentiles who in every city conversed together Which James the Apostle alledgeth for the only reason of that determination But we reade not in all the writings of the Apostles afterward that they either ordained or imposed the least rite or ceremonie to bee observed in any of the Churches of God yea they expressely condemned all such ordinances as before is shewed But here another question ariseth If particular congregations be not subject to bee ruled by Synods or the like jurisdiction what order can be expected or what meanes is left for ordaining of Ministers over every congregation For answer briefely First for order What better or
upon the Priest And even many Protestants are of opinion that Ordination cannot be performed but by a Prelate or at least by Ministers onely as without whose imposition of hands it were no Ordination or as if it did confer such an order Whereas the prime and proper conferring of this Order is by Christ himselfe inwardly calling and gifting a man for the work of the Ministry Secondly then what is that {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ordaining and appointing of Ministers and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} the Imposition of hands which the Scripture speakes of I answer {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} signifying properly a stretching out of the hand it was used either in lifting up of the hands in token of sufferage in election of officers or in stretching out of the hand upon the head of the man chosen for confirmation Also when it was used by the Apostles it pleased God to bestow therwith the gifts of the holy Ghost and on some recovery of health This was very frequent in the Apostles times But afterwards in successive ages there was no such gift annexed to the laying on of hands Secondly Therefore it was of use according to its antient and ordinary custome in sufferages in elections of officers to declare assent and approbation of those for such and such places when after prayer hands were layd on them But by whom was this Imposition of hands used at the choice of Ministers I answer By those who gave their sufferages or votes to the election and those were sometimes the congregation it selfe and sometime others at their request joyning with them as we reade Act. cap. 6. 5 6. And all Ecclesiasticall stories tell us that antiently the election of Ministers was by every congregation respectively So as to them also of right belonged the laying of their hands as a token of their approbation and confirmation of him that was so chosen to that office And though we reade in one place That the Apostle layd his hands upon Timothy as 2 Tim. 1. 6. yet in another we reade as 1 Tim. 4. 14. that the Presbyterie layd their hands upon him Which Presbyterie comprehends as well the Elders of the people as those of the Ministry Accordingly wee exclude not the Elders or Ministers of other neighboring congregations from joyning in that worke for assistance especially in prayer for a blessing upon the new chosen Minister For so farre must we be from excluding any in this kinde that wee highly commend consociation and communication of gifts for assistance where it may be conveniently had Onely reserving to each congregation that peculiar interest and right which every true Church of Christ hath in chusing their owne Ministers and other Church officers And this stands with good reason for not onely antiquity both in and from the Apostles times pleadeth for this but even naturall reason and equity For reason willeth that such as chuse should ratifie Secondly Those who give the maintenance should chuse the Officer Thirdly Who have commonly better Ministers than those Congregations that upon good advice and counsell chuse them themselves Fourthly Where is greater love betweene Minister and people than where the liberty of such a choyce is enjoyed Fiftly What vertue at any time doth a Prelates imposition of hands adde to Ministers so ordained by him Or what bee those Ministers whom Prelates usually place over the people And I would aske any reasonable Christian whether hee would not rather have the approbation prayer and imposition of hands of the poorest godly man than of the most glorious Prelate Yea though hee were stiled even Grace it selfe For as James saith The effectuall fervent prayer of a righteous man prevaileth much It is not sayd The prayer of a great or learned man CASE XII How far may and ought true reformed Christian Congregations to hold communion among themselves and with other Reformed Churches FOr answer in generall First in generall it is agreeable to good and approved examples in Scripture to make firme leagues and faithfull Covenants for the maintenance of the true faith and religion of Christ See for this 2 Chron. 15. 12 13. and Chapter 34. 31 32 33. Ezra 10. 3 Nehem. cap. 9. 38. Severally in particular It stands both with Christian piety and prudence for all the members of a particular Church or congregation to enter into a firme covenant among themselves to maintain a holy communion together in the profession of the truth and practise of a holy life as becommeth the communion of Saints Thirdly It stands with the like Christian piety and prudence to hold a sweet and inviolable bond and communion with all other churches or congregations rightly constituted as we conceive according to Christs ordinance and walking according unto it Fourthly If there be any Christian Churches that doe in some small circumstances differ from us in that forme of government which wee conceive and beleeve Christ hath set up in his Word so as therein they may seem to come short of that exactnesse that is required nor yet are able to attaine unto it either in regard of some outward difficultie or human imperfection and frailty the judgement being as yet not fully enlightned and perswaded concerning which the Apostles rule is Let every man bee fully perswaded in his owne minde wee do notwithstanding not with-hold from them the right hand of fellowship but hold communion with them as the churches of Christ they holding the Orthodox Truth and the substance of the government which is suteable to the Church of Christ and joyning with us against the Common Adversaries of the Gospell concluding with that excellent saying of our Savior Christ They that are not against us are on our part The EPILOGVE or Conclusion HAving thus freely and faithfully though briefely as the present straits of time would permit declared what I have and doe conceive and beleeve concerning Christs kingdome and that forme and frame of the government thereof in his Church as I finde it recorded in the Scripture whereof I am in my conscience fully perswaded as my earnest prayer and trust is That Christ by his spirit and Word will leade his into all truth necessary to salvation so my hope is that however perhaps those things which I have here delivered according to the simplicity of my conscience will not so bee relished of all but that they wil seem bitter especially to the ignorant and carnall minded who savour not the things of Christ yet my confidence is that all the wise hearted and wel affected to Iesus Christ For If any man love not the Lord Iesus Christ that is love not to have Iesus Christ set up as Lord over their soules let him be Anathema Maranatha will embrace Christs yoke and to the uttermost of their power labour to advance his throne in all Churches or if that through Sathans malice cannot bee effected yet that they will set him up as sole Lord and King over their owne soules and so will joyne in communion with all those that doe or shall desire heere to serve Iesus Christ according to that purity of conscience which is required in every true Christian as the Apostle professed of himselfe and in that way wherein the name of Christ shall bee most magnified and his kingdome exalted heere on earth And this shall the better be done if a Law be made this present Parliament that as Antichrists kingdome in the Prelacy shall and must be cast out so Christs kingdom may bee freely set up in this kingdome while his people even as many as will are suffered freely to enjoy Christs Ordinances in their puritie and so may at length recover that Christian liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free and for which his precious bloud was poured forth and whereof this Land by the Hierarchy hath beene till now deprived it being our hearts desire rather to live under Christs governement in this our owne native Countrey than for want thereof bee forced to flye into forreigne parts where how can wee so sweetely enjoy Christ without the bitter remembrance of our Native Soile which wee shall never cease to wish worse unto than to our owne Soules FINIS Acts 15. 16. Ezra 5. 6. Nehem. 4. Cum reflavit affligimur Cic. So D. Hall in his Booke of Episcopacie 2 Thess. 2. 7. Mat. 19. 3. Mat. 7. 17. Mat. 15. 13. Mat. 12. 33. 2 Ti. 1. 13. 3. 16. Phil. 3. 15 16 Ier. 23. 32. Mat. 18. 17. 1 Cor. 5. Mat. 15. 9. Ecc. 29. 13. Col. 2. 8. 18. Vol. 2. p. 667. print ed. 1631 Gal. 4. 9 10. Col. 2. 16. Gal. 5. 1. 1 Thess. 5. 1 Cor. 14. 15 * Ier. Heb. 12. 1 Sam. 1 King 1 pet. 5. 4. 1 Pet. 2. 25. Rom. 8. Act. 26. a Act. 20. Tit. 1. 5. 7. b Eph. 4. 11. c Luke 1. 2. 2 Cor. 11. 23. d Luk. 10. 7. 1 Cor. 3. 9. Act. 6. 4. Mat. 28. 20. Act. 20. 7. Mat. 20. 25 26. Heb. 13. 17. Quest Answ. Act. 15. Act. 15. 28. Act. 15. 21. Rom. 13. 1 Pet. 2. 14. * D. Hall in his Episcopacy by Divine right Act. 8. 17. Mar. 16. 18. Iam. 5. 16. Mark 9. 40. 1 Cor. 16. 22. 2 Tim. 1. 3.
CHRIST ON HIS THRONE OR Christs Church-government briefly laid downe and how it ought to bee set up in all Christian Congregations Resolved in sundry Cases of Conscience IER. 6. 16. Thus saith the Lord Stand ye in the wayes and see and aske for the old paths where is the good way and walk therein and ye shall finde rest for your soules LVKE 19. 27. But those mine Enemies which would not that I should raigne over them bring them hither and slay them before me Printed in the yeare 1640. THE PREFACE To the Reader IT is an observation as true as antient that such workes of God as are done immediatly by himselfe alone though for their excellent greatnesse farre surpassing not onely mans apprehension but even admiration it selfe yet are done by him without any rubbe or difficulty at all Such was that glorious and magnificall worke of Creation But such workes as God doth by instrumentall meanes as by man the greater they be the greater difficulties they are attended with and meet with many impediments And this is most seene in great and generall Reformations of Churches or States Even Christ himselfe The onely Potentate the Mighty God when hee came to restore and re-erect the Tabernacle of David which was fallen downe to wit his spirituall Temple or Church what opposition did hee meet withall what sweat did it cost him before hee could finish this glorious and wondrous worke In which respect the Antients were wont to say That God with his word alone created the world but it cost the life of his onely begotten sonne to redeeme the world for this was opposed by Devills and men And so it was with the type of Redemption Israels deliverance from Egypt where Gods mighty wonders and plagues upon Egypt found a proud and hard hearted Pharaoh with his blinde Egyptians obstinately resisting to the very last So in the reparation of the Temple in Jerusalem there wanted not most malignant spirits envious men is Tatnai Shether Boznai Tobiah and Sanballat who mocked and accused the Iewes to the King and by force sought to hinder the worke And therefore can wee wonder when in the proceeding of so great a worke of reformation as we see begun in our dayes nothing inferior all circumstances considered to that deliverance from Egypt or to the restauration of religion after Babylons captivity difficulties and impediments both great and many have and doe interpose themselves which when wee see wee should not be discouraged for discouragement in such cases is an argument and consequent of a mind too much relying upon outward meanes which while they prosper they are as a good gale filling the sayles of our hope to attaine the wished Port. But when an adverse winde begins but to whistle a little up we are afflicted and are ready to cast away our hope being left as a ship without an Anchor floating and without a rudder driven with every winde ready to bee split on every rocke or shelfe But in such a case we must as in the first place look up unto God the great master of the winds yea and mover of the mindes of the violent men So herein behold and observe the beaten wayes of the Lord how hee is pleased in all such great works to suffer himselfe and his people to bee opposed And this he doth for speciall reasons as to shew forth the deepe wisdome of his providence in circumventing his adversaries to crosse and thwart them even in those great and good workes which himselfe will have to be done and certainly purposeth to accomplish which he calleth them unto and commandeth them to doe that so he may take them off from trusting in the outward meanes though never so faire and might teach them still and stedfastly to trust in his helpe in his strength in his faithfulnes and not to cease to call upon him and depend on his promise who will certainely save and fully answer the prayers of his people and in the happy issue of the work that his glory may in all shine forth the more clearely when nothing shall be left in man to glory in but that we may give all the honour and praise of the worke to him alone Againe in all such great workes of generall Reformation especially of Religion the difficulties prove to be the greater by how much the vices and corruptions to be purged out as we see in naturall bodies are and have been of longer continuance and such also as have received strength under pretence at least even from the Lawes themselves and by universall consent of the whole State Nor only this but there is also in our natures a kinde of Antipathy against that purity and power of Religion which ought to be the maine end that all true Reformations should aime at And besides all this although the corruptions be so grosse and of so high a nature as they proclaime themselves intollerable grievances no longer to bee borne but doe by a kinde of necessity presse to a Reformation yet there stands so great a gulfe in the way as untill it be removed or so made up as to be made passable it will be found no easie matter to compasse so great a worke Now this gulfe is ignorance and that of a long standing contracted partly through a generall security and sloth and partly through the want of meanes while through the subtilty of the Prelates and cowardise of their inferiors the Light hath been put under a Bushel So as though the sense of our Aegyptian burthens hath at length let us see in a great measure our misery yea and though God in his great mercy hath put into our hands such an opportunity of Reformation even armed with a kinde of necessity to worke it Yet how unresolved are many men of the manner and measure of this Reformation and what God requires at our hands herein Yet can we not be otherwise perswaded but that all good men would joyne together quickly to goe through with this great worke did they but apprehend it to bee as well a matter of Conscience as of grievance For which cause I have in these straits of time thought it one part of my duty which I owe unto Christ and to his Church to propound and briefly to resolve as God hath enabled me some important Cases of Conscience which hoping they may conduce to the furthering of the great businesse now in agitation concerning Religion I have adventured most humbly to recommend unto the serious consideration of this most just sage and grave Senate as to which not only I but all the people of the Land doe owe our best service and for whose happy successe of all their grave Counsels we are all bound daily and that in a more than ordinary manner to solicite as we still doe the throne of Grace that the Spirit of Christ may be abundantly poured forth upon this most Noble Assembly in all wisdome and understanding and in all
surer order can be than that which Christs Word hath set down And if in any thing doubts arise in a Congregation they have other congregations with the Ministers to consult with For although every particular congregation be an absolute church having no jurisdiction over it but Christs alone and that immediatly yet it is not separated or divided from the neighbour churches so as that it should not hold communion with them or a consociation communicating together in all mutuall offices of helpe counsel comfort resolution in doubts advice in difficulties and the like this beeing the priviledge and benefit of the communion of Saints which is not limited to one particular congregation onely within it selfe but comprehendeth all the Members of the Catholique church wheresoever they are visible in any assemblies so as if any one congregation fall into an errour it is by others to bee admonished and conuinced that it may be reformed If it fall into any foule heresie which yet is not easie in a well constituted Church it must bee dealt withall accordingly as the case shal require the churches assembled must labour to reduce it and if after all meanes it proove incorrigible when there is no remedie they must renounce communion with that congregation And if that congregation shall bee further troublesome in breaking the peace of the Churches or of the civil state it is liable to such punishments as by the good lawes of the land are allotted to such and such offences For although no power on earth hath power over mens consciences in matters of religion yet God hath in his ordinance set up civil powers and Magistrates whom he hath armed with authority to punish such as doe openly transgresse either the Lawes of God or the just Lawes of the civil state For the Magistrate is Gods Minister both for the punishment of evill doers and for the praise and protection of them that doe well And for the better and more easie way for the civill Power to take cognisance of things of that nature it will become the duty of all the churches in a Synod or otherwise to convince the parties offending and if obstinate to complaine of them to the civill Magistrate Thus it is with a congregation as it stands in relation to other Churches and in a subjection to the civill power Now for a congregation considered in it selfe if a member therof do offend in any kinde what is to be done or who shall censure it I answer If the offence bee against the Law of Christ or his governement over that congregation then the same congregation hath power given from Christ to censure the Delinquent when after all due means he remains obstinate and incorrigible as 1 Cor. 5. But if the offence be against the law of the civil State he is then punishable according to that law by the civill Magistrate But here another question ariseth Whether the Minister or Pastor of the congregation alone have power of censure committed unto him or together with the congregation I answer Together with the congregation which therefore electeth certaine officers such as are most eminent for integrity gravity holinesse knowledge and judgement in matters of the congregation to represent the congregation and to assist the Minister in government and correction of manners And who fitter to take knowledge of home-delinquents than such as best know them And who are likeliest to use mercy compassion and moderation in such censures and better means of the delinquents amendment than such as are their godly neighbours And these officers either for the gravity of their yeares or manners are called Elders The * Prelats cannot endure the name of lay Elders but in Scripture we find them For {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} an Elder is taken both for a Minister of the Word and for a Lay Elder as they call it as 1 Tim. 5. 17. Let the Elders that rule well bee accounted worthy of double honor especially they who labour in the Word and doctrine Where Elders plainly signifie both such as rule and such as preach distinct one from the other So Rom. 12. 6 7 8. He that ruleth is a distinct officer from him that teacheth prophecieth And so 1 Cor. 12. 28. After Prophets or Teachers are set Helps governments or helps in government as our Translation hath it These Governors then simply considered were not Ministers of the Word but Lay men as they call them We could produce some Antients that speake of these lay governors or Seniors but at present for brevities sake wee omit them The antient Church of the Iewes had such Elders as we reade called Masters of the Synagogue Act. 13. 15. And if antiently in and after the Apostles time there were not such Elders how came it to passe afterward under Antichrist that the government of every particular congregation was delivered unto those of the Laity whom we call churchwardens and Side men who are to assist the Minister in matters of the Church though not in matter of censure which the Prelacy hath wholly usurped and monopolized to it selfe having thrust out and utterly exterminated as much as in them lieth the very name and memory of Lay Elders had wee not some records thereof in the lasting monuments of the Scripture Yea let the Prelates tell us how all that Lay Eldership as I may call it of Chancellors Commissaries and the rest came to be set up but to supply in some sort those antient Lay Elders whom the Apostles had set up and whom Antichrist puld down as being the main hinderance of the setting up of his Hierarchy For how had the Prelacie mounted to that height of power over the whole Church had the Lay Elders still continued in governing with godly Ministers the several congregations respectively So as the removing of the Lay Elders and the bringing in of Churchwardens and other Lay Officers into the church all subject to the Prelates jurisdiction and made their sworne vassals was the very up-setting of the Antichristian Throne in the Temple of God And this is that order of government without which the Prelates cry out There is no order Whereas that order which the Apostles left in governing the Church by Ministers ann Lay officers is the onely true Order Those words of Christ Goe tell it to the Church doe shew That censure of incorrigible faults was in the power of every Congregation So 1 Cor. 5. 4 5. c. In the second place to the former question concerning the ordaining of Ministers in every congregation in case there be neither Diocesan Bishops nor Synods to perform it I answer first That most men doe greatly mistake that here which they call Ordination of Ministers The Romanists have scrued it up to one of their seven Sacraments making the Imposition of hands upon the Priests head by the Prelate to be the outward signe of that inward grace which ex opere operato as they say is conferred