among_o the_o britain_n be_v only_o speak_v of_o the_o maeatae_n and_o caledonii_n in_o their_o great_a confusion_n when_o all_o the_o reins_o of_o government_n be_v cast_v off_o and_o the_o people_n do_v what_o they_o listen_v as_o tacitus_n describe_v they_o in_o his_o time_n say_v that_o they_o be_v draw_v off_o from_o their_o former_a obedience_n to_o their_o king_n by_o the_o head_n of_o several_a faction_n among_o they_o so_o that_o although_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n here_o be_v monarchical_a government_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o extend_v over_o all_o britain_n as_o the_o monkish_a tradition_n pretend_v concern_v king_n lucius_n and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o predecessor_n of_o he_o even_o from_o the_o come_n of_o brutus_n to_o his_o day_n but_o neither_o our_o religion_n nor_o our_o government_n need_v such_o fiction_n to_o support_v they_o suppose_v then_o that_o king_n lucius_n succeed_v cogidunus_n though_o not_o immediate_o in_o the_o government_n of_o that_o part_n of_o britain_n commit_v to_o his_o care_n i_o see_v no_o inconvenience_n in_o allow_v that_o king_n lucius_n hear_v of_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n either_o by_o the_o old_a british_a christian_n such_o as_o eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v or_o by_o some_o of_o m._n aurelius_n his_o soldier_n come_v hither_o after_o the_o great_a deliverance_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n by_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o christian_n which_o have_v then_o late_o happen_v and_o occasion_v great_a discourse_n every_o where_o the_o emperor_n himself_o as_o 15._o tertullian_n say_v give_v the_o account_n of_o it_o in_o his_o own_o letter_n may_v upon_o this_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o inform_v himself_o thorough_o about_o this_o religion_n and_o there_o be_v then_o frequent_a intercourse_n between_o rome_n and_o britain_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o colony_n that_o be_v settle_v and_o the_o governor_n and_o soldier_n pass_v to_o and_o fro_o he_o may_v send_v eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la to_o be_v full_o instruct_v in_o this_o religion_n and_o either_o the_o same_o person_n alone_o or_o two_o other_o with_o they_o call_v faganus_n and_o duvianus_n common_o come_v into_o britain_n may_v have_v so_o great_a success_n as_o to_o baptize_v king_n lucius_n and_o many_o other_o and_o thereby_o enlarge_v the_o christian_a church_n here_o the_o 188._o old_a book_n of_o landaff_n give_v a_o much_o more_o modest_a account_n of_o this_o whole_a matter_n than_o either_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n or_o any_o of_o his_o follower_n there_o we_o find_v only_o that_o king_n lucius_n send_v eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la the_o twelve_o bishop_n of_o rome_n to_o desire_v that_o he_o may_v be_v make_v a_o christian_a through_o his_o instruction_n upon_o which_o he_o give_v god_n thanks_o that_o such_o a_o heathen_a nation_n do_v so_o much_o desire_n christianity_n and_o then_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o presbyter_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n they_o first_o baptize_v these_o ambassador_n and_o be_v well_o instruct_v they_o ordain_v they_o make_v eluanus_n a_o bishop_n and_o medwinus_n a_o teacher_n and_o so_o they_o return_v to_o king_n lucius_n who_o with_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o britain_n be_v baptize_v and_o then_o according_a to_o the_o instruction_n of_o eleutherius_fw-la he_o settle_v the_o ecclesiastical_a order_n cause_v bishop_n to_o be_v ordain_v and_o the_o christian_a religion_n to_o be_v teach_v there_o be_v nothing_o in_o all_o this_o account_n but_o what_o seem_v to_o have_v great_a probability_n in_o it_o the_o same_o account_n be_v in_o capgrave_n out_o of_o john_n of_o tinmouth_n in_o the_o life_n of_o dubricius_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o original_a tradition_n of_o the_o british_a church_n which_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n have_v corrupt_v with_o his_o flamen_n and_o archiflamin_n and_o other_o afterward_o make_v a_o epistle_n for_o eleutherius_fw-la to_o king_n lucius_n but_o can_v not_o avoid_v such_o mark_n in_o the_o way_n of_o write_v as_o evident_o discover_v the_o imposture_n and_o when_o the_o monk_n hand_n be_v once_o in_o they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o give_v over_o for_o some_o of_o they_o carry_v faganus_n and_o diruvianus_n as_o some_o call_v he_o to_o glassenbury_n other_o make_v they_o consecrate_v the_o church_n at_o winchester_n to_o which_o they_o say_v king_n lucius_n have_v a_o particular_a kindness_n and_o give_v all_o the_o land_n and_o privilege_n which_o the_o flamen_n have_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o monk_n a_o gift_n that_o will_v never_o make_v they_o the_o rich_a or_o the_o safe_a other_o make_v king_n lucius_n to_o find_v st._n peter_n church_n at_o westmister_n the_o church_n in_o dover_n castle_n st._n martin_n by_o canterbury_n st._n peter_n in_o cornhill_n where_o the_o metropolitan_a church_n they_o say_v be_v place_v by_o he_o and_o theanus_n make_v the_o first_o bishop_n who_o be_v succeed_v by_o eluanus_n who_o go_v on_o the_o embassy_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la and_o beside_o these_o they_o make_v he_o to_o found_v and_o endow_v so_o many_o church_n with_o such_o unlikely_a circumstance_n as_o have_v make_v other_o question_n whether_o there_o be_v ever_o such_o a_o person_n in_o the_o world_n as_o king_n lucius_n that_o be_v the_o common_a effect_n of_o say_v much_o more_o than_o be_v true_a to_o make_v what_o be_v real_o true_a more_o doubtful_a and_o suspicious_a but_o there_o be_v one_o difficulty_n yet_o to_o be_v clear_v for_o all_o this_o story_n in_o its_o best_a circumstance_n seem_v to_o imply_v that_o there_o be_v no_o christian_a church_n here_o before_o for_o if_o there_o have_v be_v what_o need_v he_o to_o have_v send_v as_o far_o as_o rome_n to_o be_v instruct_v unless_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n be_v then_o know_v to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o it_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o contest_v lay_v between_o these_o two_o thing_n whether_o it_o be_v more_o credible_a that_o christianity_n be_v plant_v here_o before_o king_n lucius_n or_o that_o king_n lucius_n be_v baptize_v by_o order_n from_o eleutherius_fw-la i_o shall_v very_o much_o prefer_v the_o former_a because_o the_o authority_n of_o gildas_n as_o to_o the_o british_a christianity_n be_v to_o be_v rely_v on_o before_o the_o late_a writer_n and_o gildas_n assert_v the_o one_o and_o although_o he_o have_v as_o much_o reason_n as_o bede_n or_o any_o after_o he_o he_o never_o take_v the_o least_o notice_n of_o king_n lucius_n and_o eleutherius_fw-la and_o if_o a_o negative_a argument_n will_v hold_v any_o where_n it_o be_v where_o a_o person_n have_v as_o much_o reason_n to_o know_v as_o any_o that_o follow_v he_o and_o as_o great_a occasion_n to_o discover_v what_o he_o know_v both_o which_o will_v hold_v in_o the_o case_n of_o gildas_n compare_v with_o bede_n or_o late_a writer_n it_o be_v worth_a while_n for_o we_o to_o know_v whence_o bede_n have_v his_o first_o information_n of_o this_o matter_n for_o he_o profess_v to_o follow_v other_o writer_n about_o the_o british_a affair_n and_o in_o many_o place_n he_o follow_v gildas_n exact_o but_o in_o this_o he_o pass_v by_o what_o gildas_n say_v about_o the_o primitive_a christianity_n of_o britain_n and_o instead_o thereof_o put_v in_o this_o story_n of_o king_n lucius_n 27._o bale_n say_v that_o eluanus_n avalonius_n be_v a_o disciple_n to_o those_o who_o be_v the_o disciple_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o that_o he_o preach_v the_o gospel_n in_o britain_n with_o good_a success_n but_o king_n lucius_n be_v persuade_v by_o his_o druid_n will_v not_o come_v to_o any_o resolution_n but_o to_o satisfy_v himself_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v deceive_v by_o his_o countryman_n he_o send_v eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la and_o eluanus_n upon_o his_o return_n write_v a_o book_n de_fw-fr origine_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la britannorum_fw-la of_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o british_a church_n and_o pit_n be_v sure_a to_o follow_v he_o where_o he_o have_v no_o reason_n but_o leland_n never_o mention_n this_o book_n nor_o the_o write_n of_o medwinus_n belgius_n and_o of_o king_n lucius_n himself_o all_o relate_n to_o this_o matter_n but_o eluano_n leland_n only_o take_v notice_n that_o eluanus_n and_o medwinus_n be_v employ_v upon_o a_o embassy_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la that_o by_o his_o mean_n he_o may_v become_v a_o christian_n which_o say_v he_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a to_o suppose_v unless_o he_o be_v first_o inform_v what_o christianity_n be_v which_o he_o think_v be_v preach_v to_o king_n lucius_n by_o they_o be_v two_o of_o the_o old_a british_a christian_n and_o there_o he_o relate_v how_o by_o chance_n he_o meet_v with_o a_o old_a ms._n of_o the_o british_a affair_n join_v with_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n wherein_o this_o story_n be_v tell_v exact_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o book_n
show_n of_o authority_n that_o palladius_n be_v send_v to_o those_o which_o be_v already_o christian_n and_o therefore_o christianity_n must_v be_v plant_v among_o the_o scot_n before_o the_o mission_n of_o palladius_n and_o for_o this_o he_o quote_v beda_n ado_n viennensis_n hermannus_n contractus_fw-la marianus_n scotus_n and_o other_o and_o he_o blame_v platina_n and_o ciacconius_n who_o make_v he_o the_o instrument_n of_o their_o conversion_n wherein_o he_o confess_v they_o follow_v fabius_n ethelwerd_v and_o ingulphus_n but_o he_o take_v no_o notice_n that_o prosper_v himself_o in_o his_o chronicon_fw-la affirm_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o the_o other_o have_v it_o from_o he_o so_o that_o prosper_n make_v the_o scot_n to_o be_v convert_v by_o palladius_n and_o to_o have_v be_v christian_n before_o his_o time_n which_o be_v inconsistent_a but_o 56._o nennius_n seem_v to_o have_v hit_v upon_o the_o true_a account_n of_o this_o matter_n viz._n that_o palladius_n be_v send_v by_o celestine_n to_o convert_v the_o scot_n but_o find_v no_o great_a success_n therein_o he_o be_v drive_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n and_o there_o die_v and_o after_o his_o death_n st._n patrick_n be_v send_v on_o the_o same_o errand_n and_o if_o the_o writer_n of_o his_o life_n may_v be_v believe_v palladius_n do_v very_o little_a towards_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o therefore_o what_o prosper_n say_v of_o celestine_n make_v a_o barbarous_a nation_n christian_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o his_o design_n and_o good_a intention_n and_o not_o of_o the_o event_n which_o come_v not_o to_o pass_v till_o some_o time_n after_o and_o chief_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n patrick_n who_o go_v after_o the_o death_n of_o palladius_n unless_o we_o understand_v the_o word_n of_o prosper_n of_o those_o who_o be_v make_v christian_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o write_n the_o design_n whereof_o be_v lay_v by_o palladius_n be_v therefore_o attribute_v to_o he_o when_o he_o write_v against_o cassian_n sometime_o after_o the_o death_n of_o celestine_n but_o when_o he_o write_v his_o chronicon_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o leo_n the_o scot_n be_v then_o convert_v he_o say_v that_o palladius_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v bishop_n over_o the_o believe_a scot_n not_o that_o they_o do_v then_o believe_v before_o palladius_n his_o come_n but_o that_o they_o do_v now_o believe_v when_o he_o write_v his_o chronicon_fw-la for_o all_o the_o testimony_n of_o such_o as_o preach_v there_o before_o palladius_n be_v of_o very_o little_a credit_n but_o nothing_o of_o all_o this_o relate_v to_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n but_o to_o the_o original_a scot_n in_o ireland_n who_o be_v uncapable_a of_o a_o national_a conversion_n in_o britain_n so_o long_o before_o they_o come_v to_o settle_v in_o it_o as_o will_v appear_v afterward_o so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o conversion_n of_o scot_n before_o the_o mission_n of_o palladius_n it_o can_v at_o all_o respect_n this_o place_n of_o tertullian_n who_o speak_v only_o of_o the_o britain_n and_o not_o of_o the_o scot_n and_o dio_n know_v of_o none_o but_o britain_n that_o live_v northward_o in_o that_o expedition_n of_o severus_n although_o he_o say_v he_o go_v to_o the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o the_o island_n and_o at_o last_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o britain_n upon_o their_o quit_n not_o small_a part_n of_o their_o country_n although_o they_o soon_o revolt_v so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o britain_n to_o be_v convert_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n never_o have_v be_v before_o severus_n his_o last_o expedition_n which_o the_o scotish_n historian_n apply_v to_o the_o conversion_n of_o their_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o yet_o come_v into_o britain_n but_o allow_v that_o there_o be_v church_n plant_v among_o the_o northern_a britain_n this_o do_v not_o overthrow_v the_o continuance_n and_o propagation_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n among_o the_o provincial_a britain_n for_o now_o for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o christian_a religion_n have_v a_o great_a liberty_n of_o propagate_a itself_o for_o from_o the_o time_n of_o hadrian_n to_o severus_n the_o christian_n be_v general_o free_a from_o persecution_n except_v what_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o people_n bring_v upon_o they_o in_o some_o place_n without_o any_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o antonini_n both_o at_o rome_n in_o gaul_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o east_n but_o these_o persecution_n be_v neither_o general_n nor_o continue_v so_o long_o as_o when_o the_o emperor_n publish_v edict_n on_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o the_o persecution_n under_o trajan_n and_o the_o antonini_n aught_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o under_o nero_n and_o domitian_n decius_n and_o dioclesian_n when_o the_o emperor_n make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o root_v out_o christianity_n but_o in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o emperor_n restrain_v the_o people_n by_o their_o edict_n but_o the_o people_n in_o some_o place_n by_o false_a suggestion_n frustrate_v the_o design_n of_o those_o edict_n which_o place_n except_v the_o christian_n enjoy_v a_o long_a time_n of_o liberty_n in_o which_o they_o neglect_v no_o opportunity_n to_o promote_v their_o religion_n and_o within_o this_o time_n the_o christian_a writer_n say_v there_o be_v no_o nation_n almost_o then_o know_v where_o christianity_n be_v not_o plant_v so_o 345._o justin_n martyr_n tell_v trypho_n so_o 21._o eusebius_n and_o ruffinus_n speak_v 8._o and_o 3._o lactantius_n say_v that_o christianity_n spread_v itself_o into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n so_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o corner_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o remote_a whither_o it_o have_v not_o pierce_v no_o nation_n so_o barbarous_a that_o be_v not_o reduce_v by_o it_o as_o to_o britain_n gildas_n affirm_v the_o continuance_n of_o a_o church_n here_o from_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o the_o gospel_n though_o not_o maintain_v with_o equal_a zeal_n to_o the_o persecution_n of_o dioclesian_n and_o even_o that_o be_v so_o far_o from_o destroy_v it_o that_o it_o gain_v strength_n and_o reputation_n by_o the_o courage_n of_o confessor_n and_o martyr_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o it_o be_v no_o soon_o over_o but_o as_o 8._o bede_n and_o 8._o gildas_n both_o say_v the_o christian_a church_n flourish_v again_o in_o great_a peace_n and_o unity_n till_o the_o arian_n heresy_n give_v it_o disturbance_n 2._o it_o be_v object_v that_o 381._o sulpicius_n severus_n speak_v of_o the_o persecution_n of_o christian_n in_o gaul_n in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n aurelius_n antoninus_n say_v that_o martyrdom_n be_v then_o first_o see_v in_o gaul_n the_o christian_a religion_n be_v more_o late_o receive_v beyond_o the_o alps_n which_o seem_v to_o overthrow_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o britannic_a as_o well_o as_o the_o gallic_a church_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n after_o so_o many_o discourse_n write_v in_o a_o neighbour_n nation_n about_o this_o passage_n we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v that_o which_o sulpicius_n severus_n absolute_o affirm_v viz._n that_o there_o be_v no_o martyrdom_n in_o gaul_n before_o that_o time_n from_o that_o which_o he_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v more_o late_o receive_v on_o this_o side_n the_o alps_n the_o other_o he_o be_v certain_a of_o there_o be_v no_o authentic_a relation_n of_o any_o martyrdom_n there_o before_o but_o that_o which_o he_o assign_v as_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o have_v no_o such_o certainty_n in_o it_o for_o the_o christian_a church_n may_v have_v be_v plant_v there_o before_o and_o have_v escape_v that_o persecution_n which_o befall_v the_o church_n of_o lion_n and_o vienna_n in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n aurelius_n he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v argue_v that_o christianity_n be_v not_o here_o receive_v till_o a_o little_a before_o the_o persecution_n of_o dioclesian_n because_o we_o read_v of_o no_o martyrdom_n before_o those_o of_o st._n alban_n julius_n and_o aaron_n at_o that_o time_n but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o edict_n for_o persecution_n of_o christian_n for_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n together_o viz._n from_o the_o persecution_n of_o domitian_n anno_fw-la dom._n 92._o to_o the_o edict_n of_o severus_n anno_fw-la dom._n 204._o than_o it_o be_v very_o possible_a that_o there_o may_v be_v christian_a church_n in_o gaul_n and_o yet_o no_o martyrdom_n till_o the_o persecution_n under_o m._n aurelius_n by_o a_o popular_a tumult_n which_o as_o 1._o eusebius_n tell_v we_o be_v the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 6._o baronius_n think_v that_o m._n aurelius_n send_v private_a edict_n against_o the_o christian_n but_o 5._o tertullian_n say_v none_o of_o their_o good_a emperor_n ever_o persecute_v the_o christian_n and_o instance_v in_o trajan_n hadrian_n pius_n verus_fw-la and_o m._n aurelius_n 33._o eusebius_n say_v that_o trajan_n abate_v the_o fierceness_n of_o
the_o persecution_n but_o leave_v the_o law_n in_o force_n upon_o information_n 9_o that_o hadrian_n in_o his_o rescript_n to_o minutius_n fundanus_n proconsul_n of_o asia_n forbid_v a_o general_a persecution_n of_o any_o as_o christian_n 13._o that_o antoninus_n pius_n not_o only_o pursue_v the_o same_o method_n but_o threaten_v severe_a punishment_n to_o all_o informer_n the_o same_o he_o say_v of_o m._n aurelius_n in_o commodus_n his_o time_n 5._o he_o say_v the_o christian_a church_n flourish_v very_o much_o in_o all_o part_n 21._o so_o that_o till_o severus_n his_o edict_n there_o be_v no_o persecution_n by_o virtue_n of_o any_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n by_o the_o account_n which_o eusebius_n give_v and_o 3._o lactantius_n hardly_o allow_v any_o persecution_n at_o all_o from_o domitian_n to_o decius_n not_o but_o that_o the_o christian_n suffer_v very_o much_o in_o some_o place_n through_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o violence_n of_o some_o governor_n of_o province_n but_o there_o be_v no_o general_a persecution_n countenance_v by_o the_o emperor_n edict_n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o people_n be_v quiet_a or_o intent_n upon_o other_o thing_n there_o may_v be_v christian_a church_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o martyrdom_n as_o those_o of_o lion_n and_o vienna_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o 3._o irenaeus_n mention_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o celtic_a church_n and_o those_o of_o germany_n and_o the_o iberi_n with_o the_o eastern_a and_o libyan_a church_n all_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o the_o church_n plant_v among_o the_o celtae_n as_o they_o be_v one_o division_n of_o the_o gaul_n in_o caesar_n time_n or_o whether_o he_o take_v the_o word_n in_o the_o large_a sense_n as_o comprehend_v all_o the_o gaul_n this_o latter_a seem_v much_o more_o probable_a because_o irenaeus_n in_o none_o of_o the_o other_o mention_v by_o he_o take_v any_o particular_a division_n of_o the_o people_n but_o the_o general_a name_n as_o of_o the_o german_n and_o iberi_n and_o why_o not_o then_o the_o celtae_n in_o as_o large_a a_o sense_n since_o 7._o strabo_n crasso_fw-la plutarch_n bell._n appian_n and_o other_o call_v the_o gaul_n in_o general_a by_o the_o name_n of_o celtae_n and_o tertullian_n manifest_o reject_v that_o sense_n of_o celtae_n for_o one_o division_n of_o the_o gaul_n when_o he_o mention_n the_o several_a nation_n of_o the_o gaul_n which_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n but_o i_o will_v not_o insist_v as_o vales._n petrus_n de_fw-fr marca_n do_v that_o tertullian_n by_o the_o galliarum_n diversae_fw-la nationes_fw-la mean_v the_o four_o province_n of_o gaul_n into_o which_o augustus_n do_v distribute_v it_o but_o i_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o limit_v the_o sense_n of_o tertullian_n to_o one_o division_n of_o the_o gaul_n suppose_v the_o different_a nation_n do_v comprehend_v those_o of_o gallia_n cisalpina_n and_o transalpina_n although_o i_o see_v no_o ground_n to_o understand_v tertullian_n so_o 7._o since_o the_o name_n of_o gallia_n cisalpina_n be_v much_o difuse_v especial_o after_o the_o new_a distribution_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o hadrian_n so_o that_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o irenaeus_n and_o tertullian_n we_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o question_v the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o the_o celtic_a church_n than_o sulpicius_n severus_n intimate_v much_o less_o to_o overthrow_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o britannic_a church_n for_o beside_o this_o testimony_n of_o tertullian_n concern_v the_o british_a church_n we_o have_v another_o of_o 4._o origen_n not_o long_o after_o who_o say_v when_o do_v britain_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n consent_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o one_o god_n which_o imply_v that_o the_o britain_n be_v then_o know_v to_o be_v christian_n and_o by_o be_v so_o be_v bring_v off_o from_o the_o former_a idolatry_n and_o unless_o so_o learn_v a_o man_n as_o origen_n have_v be_v full_o satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o have_v choice_n enough_o of_o other_o instance_n he_o will_v not_o have_v run_v as_o far_o as_o britain_n to_o bring_v a_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o all_o the_o earth_n do_v praise_v the_o lord_n which_o he_o say_v be_v fulfil_v in_o the_o christian_a church_n disperse_v over_o the_o world_n but_o i_o wonder_v what_o shall_v make_v two_o such_o learned_a antiquary_n as_o 47._o mr._n camden_n and_o 23._o bishop_n godwin_n so_o far_o to_o mistake_v the_o sense_n of_o origen_n to_o understand_v he_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o britain_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o druid_n always_o consent_v in_o the_o belief_n of_o one_o god_n whereas_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o origen_n speak_v of_o it_o as_o a_o great_a alteration_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o britain_n after_o the_o come_n of_o christ._n and_o origen_n do_v not_o only_o speak_v of_o the_o belief_n but_o of_o the_o worship_n of_o one_o god_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a from_o caesar_n that_o the_o druid_n do_v never_o instruct_v the_o people_n in_o but_o the_o christian_a religion_n alter_v the_o whole_a scheme_n of_o the_o druid_n worship_n and_o instead_o of_o their_o taranis_n and_o hesus_n and_o teutate_n and_o belenus_n and_o andate_fw-it it_o teach_v they_o to_o believe_v and_o worship_v one_o true_a god_n and_o jesus_n christ_n who_o he_o have_v send_v to_o be_v the_o saviour_n of_o the_o world_n who_o power_n 〈…〉_o origen_n say_v elsewhere_o be_v see_v in_o britain_n as_o well_o as_o mauritania_n thus_o far_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o clear_v the_o apostolical_a succession_n of_o the_o british_a church_n which_o those_o have_v render_v more_o doubtful_a who_o have_v derive_v our_o christianity_n from_o king_n lucius_n his_o message_n to_o pope_n eleutherius_fw-la and_o the_o person_n he_o send_v over_o to_o convert_v he_o and_o the_o whole_a nation_n as_o the_o tradition_n go_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n but_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a difference_n to_o be_v observe_v about_o this_o tradition_n not_o mere_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o this_o king_n lucius_n of_o which_o 3._o archbishop_n usher_n have_v give_v so_o full_a a_o account_n that_o to_o his_o diligence_n therein_o nothing_o material_a can_v be_v add_v but_o concern_v the_o mean_n and_o manner_n of_o his_o conversion_n and_o the_o person_n employ_v in_o it_o for_o 24._o petrus_n equilinus_fw-la say_v that_o he_o be_v baptize_v by_o timothy_n a_o disciple_n of_o st._n paul_n and_o he_o have_v it_o from_o a_o much_o better_a author_n for_o junii_fw-la notkerus_n balbulus_n say_v that_o king_n lucius_n be_v baptize_v by_o timothy_n not_o the_o timothy_n to_o who_o saint_n paul_n write_v his_o epistle_n but_o the_o brother_n of_o novatus_n who_o name_n be_v extant_a in_o the_o old_a martyrology_n publish_v by_o rosweyd_n 12_o cal._n julii_n who_o be_v both_o say_v 2._o baronius_n son_n to_o pudens_n a_o roman_a senator_n the_o same_o who_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v marry_v to_o claudia_n rufina_n the_o britain_n and_o therefore_o his_o son_n may_v not_o improbable_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o work_n of_o convert_v a_o british_a king_n 6._o nauclerus_fw-la take_v notice_n that_o this_o relation_n agree_v best_a with_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o church_n of_o curia_n a_o note_a city_n of_o rhaetia_n and_o 1._o pantaleon_n call_v lucius_n the_o disciple_n of_o timothy_n out_o of_o the_o annal_n of_o that_o church_n from_o whence_o 6._o marcus_n velserus_n show_v that_o he_o do_v not_o die_v here_o in_o britain_n but_o go_v over_o into_o those_o part_n of_o rhaetia_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n and_o there_o suffer_v martyrdom_n or_o at_o least_o end_v his_o day_n for_o they_o be_v not_o agree_v about_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o death_n 18._o aegidius_n tschudus_n say_v the_o former_a who_o add_v that_o there_o be_v a_o place_n near_o curia_fw-la call_v clivus_o s._n lucii_n still_o and_o 518._o munster_n say_v near_o the_o episcopal_a palace_n there_o be_v monasterium_fw-la sancti_fw-la lucii_n and_o 44._o ferrarius_fw-la in_o his_o new_a topography_n to_o the_o martyrologium_fw-la romanum_fw-la reckon_v king_n lucius_n of_o britain_n one_o of_o the_o martyr_n of_o curia_n which_o the_o german_n call_v chur_n and_o the_o italian_n choira_n and_o the_o dec._n roman_a martyrology_n say_v that_o there_o his_o memory_n be_v still_o observe_v junii_fw-la notkerus_n balbulus_n say_v that_o he_o convert_v all_o rhaetia_n and_o part_n of_o bavaria_n if_o so_o they_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o preserve_v his_o memory_n and_o the_o british_a church_n on_o the_o account_n of_o king_n lucius_n his_o convert_v their_o country_n have_v as_o much_o right_a to_o challenge_v superiority_n over_o bavaria_n and_o rhaetia_n as_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v over_o the_o british_a church_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o lucius_n by_o eleutherius_fw-la if_o this_o tradition_n
origines_fw-la britannicae_n or_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o british_a church_n with_o a_o preface_n concern_v some_o pretend_a antiquity_n relate_v to_o britain_n in_o vindication_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n by_o ed._n stillingfleet_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n and_o chaplain_n in_o ordinary_a to_o his_o majesty_n london_n print_v by_o m._n flesher_n for_o henry_n mortlock_n at_o the_o phoenix_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1685._o the_o preface_n the_o design_n of_o the_o follow_a book_n be_v to_o give_v as_o clear_v and_o distinct_a a_o view_n of_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o british_a church_n from_o their_o first_o plantation_n to_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n as_o can_v be_v have_v at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n and_o by_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o light_a as_o be_v leave_v we_o concern_v they_o when_o i_o first_o undertake_v this_o subject_n i_o intend_v no_o more_o than_o a_o introduction_n to_o something_o else_o but_o be_v enter_v into_o it_o and_o lay_v the_o several_a part_n of_o it_o before_o i_o i_o find_v so_o many_o obscure_a and_o doubtful_a passage_n to_o be_v clear_v so_o many_o common_a mistake_n to_o be_v rectify_v so_o many_o considerable_a part_n of_o church-history_n which_o tend_v to_o illustrate_v it_o that_o either_o i_o must_v give_v a_o very_a imperfect_a account_n of_o it_o or_o so_o much_o exceed_v the_o proportion_n of_o a_o preface_n that_o i_o conclude_v i_o have_v better_o alter_v my_o design_n and_o with_o more_o pain_n and_o material_n make_v it_o a_o entire_a work_n of_o itself_o to_o this_o end_n i_o lay_v aside_o whatever_o relate_v to_o the_o first_o occasion_n of_o my_o undertake_n it_o reserve_v that_o for_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o season_n and_o then_o i_o resume_v the_o consideration_n of_o this_o present_a argument_n with_o large_a and_o free_a thought_n and_o resolve_v to_o attempt_v something_o towards_o the_o rescue_v this_o part_n of_o church-history_n wherein_o we_o be_v so_o much_o concern_v from_o those_o fabulous_a antiquity_n which_o have_v so_o much_o debase_v the_o value_n and_o eclipse_v the_o glory_n of_o it_o this_o i_o know_v be_v a_o work_n not_o only_o of_o much_o labour_n and_o industry_n in_o search_v and_o compare_v good_a and_o bad_a author_n print_v and_o ms._n foreign_a and_o domestic_a but_o which_o require_v more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n and_o judgement_n in_o separate_v the_o oar_n from_o the_o dross_n which_o be_v do_v as_o it_o ought_v the_o question_n may_v be_v whether_o it_o will_v not_o fall_v out_o here_o as_o in_o some_o mine_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o good_a oar_n will_v be_v so_o small_a as_o hardly_o to_o compensate_a for_o the_o pain_n of_o dig_v and_o refine_n it_o but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o the_o difficulty_n to_o be_v foresee_v for_o some_o man_n eye_n be_v still_o so_o tender_a as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v the_o strong_a impression_n of_o light_n especial_o in_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o own_o country_n for_o whatever_o the_o reason_n be_v of_o that_o love_n mankind_n do_v natural_o bear_v to_o the_o country_n they_o be_v bear_v in_o we_o find_v it_o so_o universal_a that_o even_o the_o laplander_n and_o samoyed_n admire_v no_o country_n like_o their_o own_o and_o be_v impatient_a of_o any_o contradiction_n to_o their_o fancy_n of_o the_o beauty_n and_o conveniency_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v pity_n to_o rob_v man_n of_o any_o such_o false_a idea_n not_o entrench_v upon_o religion_n or_o morality_n which_o tend_v so_o much_o to_o the_o ease_n and_o comfort_n of_o their_o life_n for_o if_o man_n will_v be_v in_o love_n with_o a_o cold_a air_n and_o a_o barren_a soil_n with_o ice_n and_o mountain_n with_o live_v in_o cave_n and_o hut_n and_o travel_v upon_o the_o harden_a snow_n to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v any_o go_v about_o to_o confute_v they_o by_o prove_v that_o the_o elysian_a field_n be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o those_o northern_a climate_n and_o so_o strong_a be_v the_o inclination_n that_o be_v root_v in_o mankind_n to_o the_o love_n of_o their_o country_n that_o some_o learned_a and_o witty_a man_n who_o have_v be_v bear_v in_o none_o of_o the_o most_o tempt_a climate_n have_v use_v great_a art_n and_o industry_n to_o represent_v they_o with_o such_o advantage_n to_o the_o world_n as_o though_o paradise_n be_v but_o another_o name_n for_o their_o native_a country_n of_o which_o we_o have_v a_o remarkable_a instance_n in_o the_o late_a work_n of_o a_o ingenious_a person_n who_o with_o mighty_a pain_n have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v not_o only_o that_o plato_n atlantic_a island_n 7.23_o but_o the_o elysian_a field_n themselves_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o one_o of_o the_o remote_a northern_a country_n and_o it_o be_v to_o little_a purpose_n to_o go_v about_o to_o alter_v such_o man_n opinion_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o found_v on_o reason_n as_o on_o a_o over_o bear_v passion_n for_o their_o native_a soil_n which_o hurt_v no_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o make_v their_o own_o seem_v more_o pleasant_a to_o themselves_o some_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v the_o great_a punishment_n to_o such_o person_n be_v to_o let_v they_o live_v at_o home_o and_o enjoy_v their_o own_o opinion_n but_o i_o rather_o look_v on_o it_o as_o a_o effect_n of_o the_o wisdom_n of_o divine_a providence_n to_o make_v man_n content_v with_o the_o place_n of_o their_o habitation_n for_o if_o all_o mankind_n shall_v love_v and_o admire_v one_o and_o the_o same_o country_n there_o will_v be_v nothing_o but_o destroy_v one_o another_o in_o hope_n to_o enjoy_v it_o whereas_o now_o since_o the_o true_a paradise_n be_v lose_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o the_o world_n that_o every_o nation_n shall_v believe_v they_o have_v it_o at_o home_o if_o therefore_o any_o of_o our_o neighbour_n nation_n shall_v think_v their_o own_o the_o rich_a the_o pleasant_a the_o fruitfull_a country_n in_o the_o world_n i_o shall_v by_o no_o mean_n think_v it_o fit_a to_o dispute_v it_o with_o they_o no_o more_o than_o i_o will_v the_o wisdom_n or_o goodness_n of_o their_o parent_n for_o however_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n be_v it_o be_v best_o for_o child_n to_o believe_v well_o of_o they_o and_o it_o may_v prove_v of_o very_o ill_a consequence_n to_o alter_v a_o mistake_a good_a opinion_n in_o they_o for_o it_o make_v they_o less_o content_v and_o less_o fit_a to_o be_v govern_v than_o before_o and_o live_v under_o such_o a_o mispersuasion_n can_v never_o do_v they_o so_o much_o hurt_v as_o the_o unseasonable_a discovery_n of_o their_o error_n do_v from_o hence_o i_o look_v on_o all_o national_a quarrel_n as_o very_o foolish_a and_o mischievous_a it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o all_o person_n shall_v love_v their_o own_o country_n as_o they_o do_v their_o parent_n and_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o suffer_v in_o his_o esteem_n for_o that_o which_o it_o be_v never_o in_o his_o power_n to_o help_v but_o whosoever_o fix_v a_o ill_a character_n upon_o a_o person_n on_o the_o account_n of_o his_o country_n make_v a_o whole_a nation_n his_o enemy_n which_o no_o wise_a man_n will_v ever_o do_v and_o whoever_o do_v it_o will_v one_o time_n or_o other_o see_v cause_n to_o repent_v his_o folly_n but_o be_v it_o not_o possible_a for_o learned_a and_o ingenuous_a man_n to_o inquire_v into_o and_o debate_v the_o several_a antiquity_n of_o their_o nation_n without_o make_v a_o national_a quarrel_n about_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o self-defence_n there_o be_v a_o moderamen_fw-la inculpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la to_o be_v observe_v and_o so_o there_o ought_v certain_o to_o be_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o country_n especial_o when_o the_o dispute_n relate_v neither_o to_o the_o safety_n nor_o profit_n nor_o the_o true_a honour_n or_o esteem_v of_o it_o but_o only_o to_o a_o mere_a point_n of_o antiquity_n wherein_o wise_a and_o learned_a man_n may_v differ_v from_o each_o other_o that_o be_v native_n of_o the_o same_o country_n and_o these_o matter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o field_n nor_o at_o the_o bar_n nor_o by_o a_o majority_n of_o voice_n but_o depend_v upon_o the_o compare_v of_o ancient_a history_n the_o credibility_n of_o testimony_n and_o a_o sagacity_n in_o search_v and_o skill_n in_o judge_v concern_v they_o it_o be_v not_o every_o one_o that_o can_v plead_v eloquent_o at_o the_o bar_n or_o quote_v author_n at_o second_o hand_n or_o dispute_v warm_o out_o of_o common_a place_n that_o be_v present_o fit_a to_o judge_v about_o such_o thing_n for_o he_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o do_v that_o ought_v not_o only_o to_o have_v a_o general_a skill_n in_o antiquity_n and_o the_o best_a author_n but_o to_o compare_v the_o history_n and_o annal_n the_o
comminata_fw-la senatu_fw-la nolente_fw-la à _fw-la principe_fw-la morte_fw-la dilatoribus_fw-la militum_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la radios_fw-la suos_fw-la primum_fw-la indulget_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la sva_fw-la praecepta_fw-la christus_fw-la §_o 6._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n christ_n the_o true_a sun_n afford_v his_o ray_n that_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o precept_n to_o this_o island_n shiver_v with_o icy-cold_a and_o separate_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o visible_a sun_n not_o from_o the_o visible_a firmament_n but_o from_o the_o supreme_a everlasting_a power_n of_o heaven_n for_o we_o certain_o know_v that_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o tiberius_n that_o sun_n appear_v to_o the_o whole_a world_n with_o his_o glorious_a beam_n in_o which_o time_n his_o religion_n be_v propagate_v without_o any_o impediment_n against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n death_n be_v threaten_v by_o that_o prince_n to_o all_o that_o shall_v inform_v against_o the_o soldier_n of_o christ._n this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v gildas_n his_o true_a meaning_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a he_o speak_v of_o a_o double_a shine_a of_o the_o gospel_n one_o more_o general_n to_o the_o world_n the_o other_o more_o particular_a to_o this_o island_n the_o former_a he_o say_v be_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o tiberius_n the_o latter_a be_v interea_fw-la in_o the_o mean_a time_n of_o which_o he_o first_o speak_v and_o that_o refer_v back_o to_o the_o time_n he_o have_v speak_v of_o before_o which_o be_v the_o fatal_a victory_n over_o boadicea_n and_o the_o britain_n by_o suetonius_n paulinus_n and_o the_o slavery_n they_o undergo_v after_o it_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o nero_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o reign_n almost_o twenty_o year_n after_o claudius_n have_v send_v a._n plautius_n to_o reduce_v britain_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n to_o who_o succeed_v p._n ostorius_n scapula_n a._n didius_n gallus_n and_o veranius_n in_o the_o government_n of_o britain_n before_o suctonius_n paulinus_n come_v into_o the_o pro_fw-la vince_n for_o after_o claudius_n his_o triumph_n for_o his_o victory_n in_o britain_n the_o roman_n begin_v to_o deduce_v colony_n to_o settle_v magistrate_n and_o jurisdiction_n here_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o province_n and_o so_o continual_a intercourse_n be_v maintain_v between_o the_o roman_a city_n and_o the_o british_a colony_n city_n of_o trade_n be_v set_v up_o and_o the_o roman_a merchant_n be_v very_o busy_a in_o furnish_v new_a province_n with_o necessary_n and_o superfluity_n and_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o nero_n reign_n be_v think_v to_o be_v in_o so_o settle_v and_o flourish_v a_o condition_n that_o neron_n dio_n say_v seneca_n have_v here_o at_o one_o time_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 300000._o p._n as_o mr._n camden_n compute_v it_o a_o vast_a sum_n for_o a_o philosopher_n but_o that_o which_o 〈…〉_o from_o 〈…〉_o that_o thiâ—_n waâ—_n a_o very_a probable_a 〈◊〉_d which_o gildas_n have_v puâ—_n have_v upon_o for_o the_o bring_v the_o gospel_n luther_n 〈◊〉_d between_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o a._n plautius_n come_v over_o in_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n and_o the_o battle_n between_o boadicea_n and_o suetonius_n paulinus_n as_o will_n more_o full_o appear_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n as_o to_o the_o more_o general_n shine_v of_o the_o gospel_n to_o the_o world_n he_o pitch_v upon_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o tiberius_n as_o the_o certain_a time_n of_o it_o in_o which_o he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o very_a expression_n of_o 2._o eusebius_n and_o that_o passage_n concern_v tiberius_n and_o the_o senate_n differ_v about_o christ_n and_o his_o follower_n which_o eusebius_n take_v from_o 5._o tertullian_n who_o speak_v of_o it_o with_o great_a assurance_n and_o 4._o orosius_n give_v a_o more_o particular_a account_n of_o it_o all_o which_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o what_o gildas_n have_v say_v before_o that_o he_o must_v make_v use_n of_o foreign_a writer_n in_o so_o great_a a_o defect_n of_o their_o own_o but_o to_o proceed_v clear_o in_o this_o matter_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n i_o design_v concern_v the_o first_o plant_v a_o christian_a church_n here_o 1._o to_o examine_v the_o tradition_n concern_v joseph_n of_o arimathea_n and_o his_o brethren_n come_v hither_o to_o plant_v christianity_n 2._o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o christian_a church_n plant_v here_o in_o the_o apostle_n time_n and_o within_o that_o compass_n gildas_n speak_v of_o 3._o to_o prove_v the_o great_a probability_n that_o st._n paul_n first_o found_v a_o church_n here_o 1._o as_o to_o the_o tradition_n concern_v joseph_n of_o arimathea_n i_o confess_v i_o look_v on_o it_o as_o a_o invention_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o glassenbury_n to_o serve_v their_o interest_n by_o advance_v the_o reputation_n of_o their_o monastery_n but_o because_o this_o tradition_n have_v meet_v with_o better_a entertainment_n than_o it_o deserve_v among_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o late_a writer_n who_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v and_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a record_n i_o shall_v before_o i_o proceed_v far_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o examine_v it_o both_z as_o to_o the_o authority_n and_o the_o circumstance_n of_o it_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o little_a suspicious_a at_o first_o view_n that_o so_o considerable_a a_o part_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o church_n shall_v be_v whole_o pass_v by_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o inquisitive_a writer_n of_o our_o 〈◊〉_d so_o that_o neither_o the_o 〈◊〉_d gildas_n nor_o bede_n nor_o asserius_fw-la nor_o maâ—â—anus_n sâ—â—lus_n nor_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_a annal_n shall_v take_v the_o least_o notice_n of_o this_o tradition_n anglit_fw-la sanders_n indeed_o say_v that_o polydore_n virgil_n prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a gildas_n but_o he_o never_o attempt_v any_o such_o thing_n for_o have_v set_v down_o the_o tradition_n of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n with_o the_o best_a advantage_n he_o only_o prove_v from_o gildas_n that_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v very_o early_o receive_v here_o which_o may_v be_v very_o true_a although_o joseph_n have_v never_o come_v from_o arimathea_n and_o yet_o 7._o card._n bona_n quote_v gildas_n for_o this_o tradition_n on_o the_o credit_n of_o sanders_n unless_o he_o be_v deceive_v by_o those_o who_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o gildas_n albanius_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o victory_n of_o aurelius_n ambrose_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o no_o such_o book_n of_o the_o true_a gildas_n can_v ever_o yet_o be_v find_v by_o those_o who_o have_v search_v after_o it_o with_o the_o great_a diligence_n gilda_n leland_n particular_o relate_v concern_v himself_o what_o incredible_a pain_n he_o take_v to_o find_v out_o this_o piece_n of_o gildas_n and_o say_v that_o he_o hope_v at_o last_o to_o have_v meet_v with_o it_o in_o the_o library_n at_o glassenbury_n where_o gildas_n be_v say_v by_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n to_o have_v end_v his_o day_n but_o not_o a_o leaf_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v either_o there_o or_o in_o any_o of_o the_o old_a library_n in_o wales_n which_o he_o search_v on_o purpose_n and_o after_o all_o he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o credit_n of_o as._n geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n for_o it_o where_o it_o must_v rest_v till_o some_o better_a authority_n be_v produce_v for_o it_o yet_o bale_n and_o pit_n keep_v up_o the_o title_n of_o it_o as_o they_o do_v of_o many_o other_o which_o be_v never_o in_o be_v as_o the_o annal_n of_o gildas_n cambrius_n the_o epigram_n of_o claudia_n rufina_n and_o the_o epistle_n of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n etc._n etc._n which_o bale_n think_v probable_a that_o he_o do_v write_v and_o therefore_o set_v they_o down_o as_o write_a and_o from_o he_o a_o learned_a manuscript_n antiquary_n reckon_v they_o among_o our_o historical_a antiquity_n and_o no_o better_a foundation_n can_v yet_o be_v discover_v for_o this_o book_n of_o gildas_n it_o be_v as_o probable_a that_o he_o shall_v write_v a_o book_n of_o that_o victory_n of_o ambrose_n since_o gildas_n say_v he_o be_v bear_v upon_o the_o day_n of_o his_o obtain_n it_o if_o it_o be_v that_o on_o badon_n hill_n but_o such_o probability_n be_v very_o far_o from_o testimony_n it_o be_v true_a as_o the_o 57_o learned_a primate_n observe_v that_o gervase_n of_o tilbury_n nauclerus_fw-la trithemius_n and_o many_o other_o say_v that_o geffrey_n follow_v gildas_n in_o such_o a_o book_n write_v by_o he_o but_o they_o produce_v no_o authority_n for_o any_o such_o book_n but_o geffrey_n himself_o and_o until_o some_o better_a appear_v i_o must_v suspend_v my_o belief_n it_o be_v common_a with_o such_o writer_n as_o himself_o to_o pretend_v to_o such_o authority_n as_o no_o one_o else_o ever_o have_v the_o fortune_n to_o find_v for_o it_o be_v their_o business_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o time_n
till_o cuthbert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n obtain_v leave_v for_o it_o about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 758._o upon_o this_o 26._o alford_n and_o 5._o cressy_n charge_v he_o with_o a_o manifest_a mistake_n and_o great_a impertinency_n a_o mistake_n in_o that_o ethelbert_n and_o augustine_n be_v both_o bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o saint_n paul_n and_o what_o then_o do_v sir_n h._n spelman_n say_v there_o be_v no_o bury_n in_o church_n before_o cuthbert_n time_n no._n but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o bury_v place_n in_o city_n before_o that_o time_n for_o the_o church_n of_o st._n augustine_n or_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n be_v without_o the_o city_n for_o so_o the_o 12._o ms._n chronicle_n of_o st._n augustine_n be_v say_v that_o when_o the_o body_n of_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n be_v carry_v thither_o to_o burial_n they_o follow_v our_o saviour_n who_o suffer_v without_o the_o gate_n and_o that_o it_o be_v like_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n be_v go_v out_o of_o egypt_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n observation_n which_o relate_v to_o bury_v in_o city_n and_o not_o in_o church_n and_o withal_o the_o reason_n allege_v in_o one_o of_o the_o charter_n of_o 24._o king_n ethelbert_n why_o that_o place_n be_v assign_v for_o a_o bury_v place_n be_v because_o the_o city_n be_v for_o the_o live_n and_o not_o for_o the_o dead_a but_o why_o do_v they_o not_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o churchyard_n to_o be_v so_o great_a which_o be_v the_o most_o to_o the_o purpose_n but_o they_o say_v sir_n h._n spelman_n be_v observation_n be_v impertinent_a glassenbury_n be_v then_o a_o solitary_a place_n and_o very_o far_o from_o be_v a_o city_n it_o be_v true_a if_o the_o weight_n have_v be_v lay_v by_o he_o only_o upon_o that_o there_o be_v no_o evidence_n of_o any_o roman_a city_n there_o but_o his_o design_n be_v to_o prove_v that_o churchyard_n be_v not_o then_o adjoin_v to_o church_n because_o the_o cemetery_n be_v without_o the_o city_n and_o the_o church_n within_o in_o the_o british_a time_n and_o even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n 290._o he_o say_v although_o they_o bury_v in_o church_n yet_o those_o church_n in_o which_o they_o bury_v be_v without_o the_o city_n till_o cuthbert_n first_o procure_v the_o alteration_n by_o royal_a authority_n and_o some_o say_v by_z papal_z too_o but_o the_o monk_n of_o st._n augustine_n deny_v the_o pope_n confirmation_n but_o the_o main_a circumstance_n i_o shall_v insist_v upon_o be_v the_o incongruity_n of_o this_o story_n with_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n at_o that_o time_n for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o british_a king_n then_o as_o arviragus_n and_o in_o that_o country_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v reduce_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n before_o anno_fw-la dom._n 63._o when_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n say_v joseph_n of_o arimathea_n come_v first_o to_o britain_n for_o 14._o tacitus_n say_v it_o be_v do_v as_o to_o the_o near_a part_n of_o the_o island_n when_o a._n plautius_n and_o ostorius_n scapula_n be_v governor_n here_o and_o between_o they_o and_o suetonius_n paulinus_n be_v didius_n gallus_n and_o veranius_n in_o probability_n the_o belgae_n be_v subdue_v by_o vespasian_n of_o who_o 4._o suetonius_n say_v that_o he_o conquer_v here_o two_o powerful_a nation_n above_o twenty_o town_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n by_o which_o we_o find_v his_o employment_n be_v westward_o and_o the_o belgae_n and_o damnonii_n be_v the_o two_o powerful_a nation_n that_o way_n and_o in_o all_o the_o action_n afterward_o we_o find_v no_o care_n take_v by_o the_o roman_a general_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o belgae_n as_o they_o do_v against_o the_o brigantes_n and_o silures_n among_o who_o caractacus_n command_v so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o british_a king_n at_o that_o time_n among_o the_o belgae_n as_o arviragus_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v for_o if_o there_o have_v be_v when_o 30._o ostorius_n march_v northwards_o have_v suppress_v the_o iceni_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o he_o will_v have_v fix_v his_o garrison_n on_o the_o severn_n and_o the_o avon_n to_o secure_v the_o province_n for_o as_o our_o 375._o judicious_a antiquary_n have_v well_o observe_v the_o design_n of_o ostorius_n therein_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o provincial_a britain_n from_o join_v with_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o all_o on_o this_o side_n those_o garrison_n be_v within_o the_o roman_a province_n now_o the_o place_n where_o the_o garrison_n be_v place_v be_v by_o tacitus_n say_v to_o be_v antona_n and_o sabrina_n the_o latter_a be_v certain_o the_o severn_n which_o part_v the_o belgae_n and_o the_o silures_n for_o antona_n camden_n read_v aufona_n although_o northanton_n come_v near_o the_o former_a name_n and_o southanton_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n anton_n which_o there_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o ptolemy_n call_v trisanton_n i._n e._n say_v camden_n traith_n anton_n the_o mouth_n of_o anton_n but_o he_o choose_v aufona_n for_o this_o reason_n because_o the_o two_o avons_fw-fr rise_n both_o in_o the_o country_n of_o northampton_n and_o so_o cut_v the_o island_n that_o none_o can_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o north_n but_o they_o must_v cross_v one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o they_o or_o else_o fall_v upon_o the_o roman_a garrison_n between_o the_o remainder_n whereof_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o between_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o two_o avons_fw-fr at_o gildsborough_n and_o daintry_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o hinder_v all_o intercourse_n between_o the_o brigantes_n and_o the_o roman_a province_n as_o the_o other_o do_v between_o the_o silures_n and_o they_o but_o if_o there_o have_v be_v such_o a_o british_a king_n as_o arviragus_n among_o the_o belgae_n what_o will_v the_o fortify_v the_o severn_n have_v signify_v when_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n live_v on_o the_o roman_a side_n tacitus_n indeed_o mention_n a_o expedition_n of_o ostorius_n against_o the_o cangi_n who_o 68_o camden_n sometime_o think_v a_o small_a people_n among_o the_o belgae_n but_o upon_o better_a consideration_n 463._o he_o place_v they_o in_o cheshire_n where_o he_o find_v a_o inscription_n concern_v the_o ceangi_n and_o tacitus_n say_v they_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n coast_n which_o look_v towards_o ireland_n 293._o r._n white_a of_o basingstoke_n suppose_v this_o arviragus_z to_o bestow_v the_o island_n on_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n when_o trebellius_n maximus_n be_v governor_n here_o who_o succeed_v petronius_n turpilianus_n the_o year_n c._n suetonius_n paulinus_n be_v consul_n at_o rome_n which_o according_a to_o the_o savilian_a fasti_fw-la be_v in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o nero_n and_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 67._o four_o year_n after_o joseph_n come_n according_a to_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n but_o that_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n if_o at_o that_o time_n we_o be_v sure_o there_o be_v such_o a_o king_n as_o arvinagus_fw-la among_o the_o belgae_n but_o he_o again_o contradict_v the_o glassenbury_n story_n for_o malmsbury_n say_v that_o the_o barbarous_a king_n obstinate_o refuse_v to_o quit_v his_o religion_n but_o out_o of_o pity_n to_o they_o give_v they_o the_o island_n to_o live_v in_o but_o white_a say_v he_o be_v well_o affect_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o be_v in_o all_o respect_v a_o admirable_a prince_n this_o arviragus_n he_o take_v out_o of_o the_o 26._o british_a history_n where_o pleasant_a story_n be_v tell_v of_o he_o and_o from_o thence_o in_o 44._o matthew_n westminster_n as_o of_o his_o oppose_a claudius_n and_o then_o marry_v his_o daughter_n genissa_n and_o the_o reconciliation_n between_o he_o and_o vespasian_n by_o her_o mean_n etc._n etc._n and_o how_o his_o son_n marius_n succeed_v he_o and_o then_o coillus_n who_o be_v wonderful_o belove_v by_o the_o roman_a senate_n here_o we_o have_v find_v at_o last_o the_o three_o king_n of_o glassenbury_n arviragus_n marius_n and_o coillus_n as_o they_o be_v exstant_fw-la in_o capgrave_n and_o other_o so_o that_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n have_v not_o its_o perfection_n till_o it_o have_v receive_v these_o improvement_n from_o the_o british_a history_n for_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n though_o he_o take_v so_o great_a pain_n in_o this_o matter_n yet_o know_v nothing_o of_o arviragus_n marius_n and_o coillus_n he_o speak_v indeed_o of_o three_o pagan_a king_n give_v twelve_o portion_n of_o land_n to_o the_o twelve_o brethren_n but_o he_o know_v not_o their_o name_n which_o grant_v he_o say_v be_v confirm_v by_o king_n lucius_n to_o twelve_o other_o who_o be_v place_v there_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o first_o twelve_o and_o this_o continue_a to_o the_o come_n of_o st._n patrick_n and_o yet_o towards_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o book_n
object_v that_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a monument_n of_o such_o church_n plant_v by_o he_o in_o italy_n gaul_n germany_n or_o spain_n what_o certain_a monument_n be_v there_o of_o new_a church_n plant_v by_o he_o in_o the_o east_n after_o his_o return_n and_o it_o be_v so_o much_o less_o probable_a because_o the_o eastern_a writer_n who_o shall_v know_v best_a allot_v this_o time_n to_o his_o preach_v in_o the_o west_n but_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o learned_a 6._o m._n velserus_n speak_v of_o the_o preach_a of_o the_o apostle_n st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n in_o these_o western_a part_n that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o plant_v of_o church_n by_o the_o remain_a annal_n and_o monument_n because_o on_o the_o one_o side_n we_o be_v certain_a that_o their_o sound_n go_v out_o into_o all_o the_o earth_n and_o on_o the_o other_o great_a care_n be_v take_v in_o the_o several_a persecution_n especial_o that_o of_o dioclesian_n to_o burn_v all_o the_o monument_n which_o concern_v the_o christian_a church_n but_o yet_o as_o to_o britain_n we_o have_v undoubted_a testimony_n of_o a_o christian_a church_n plant_v here_o by_o the_o apostle_n and_o by_o none_o so_o probable_o as_o saint_n paul_n for_o gildas_n say_v the_o gospel_n be_v here_o receive_v before_o the_o fatal_a defeat_n of_o the_o britain_n by_o suetonius_n paulinus_n which_o according_a to_o sir_n h._n savil_n fasti_fw-la be_v the_o seven_o of_o nero_n the_o eight_o say_v petavius_n and_o st._n paul_n be_v at_o liberty_n the_o five_o have_v time_n and_o conveniency_n enough_o to_o settle_v a_o christian_a church_n in_o britain_n 2._o that_o there_o be_v encouragement_n and_o invitation_n enough_o for_o st._n paul_n to_o come_v into_o britain_n not_o only_o from_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n which_o â—_o caesar_n say_v be_v here_o in_o his_o time_n but_o from_o the_o new_a settlement_n that_o be_v daily_o make_v here_o by_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o first_o success_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n for_o then_o colonies_n be_v draw_v over_o hither_o and_o not_o only_o military_a colony_n settle_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o roman_a conquest_n such_o as_o that_o of_o camalodunum_n be_v describe_v by_o 31._o tacitus_n former_o the_o royal_a seat_n of_o cynobelin_n king_n of_o the_o trinobantes_n but_o also_o civil_a and_o trade_n colony_n such_o as_o london_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o commend_v by_o tacitus_n for_o its_o admirable_a situation_n for_o trading_n and_o all_o accommodation_n to_o that_o end_n and_o upon_o the_o best_a enquiry_n i_o can_v make_v i_o very_o much_o incline_v to_o believe_v it_o of_o a_o roman_a foundation_n and_o no_o elder_a than_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n as_o will_v be_v make_v appear_v in_o another_o discourse_n and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o suetonius_n paulinus_n it_o be_v inhabit_v by_o roman_n and_o britain_n together_o be_v evident_a from_o tacitus_n when_o suetonius_n paulinus_n draw_v out_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o city_n not_o be_v then_o defensible_a against_o the_o britain_n who_o in_o that_o revolt_n destroy_v lxx_o thousand_o roman_n and_o their_o ally_n say_v tacitus_n but_o 168._o dio_n say_v two_o city_n london_n and_o verulam_n for_o camalodunum_n be_v destroy_v before_o and_o eighty_o thousand_o men._n this_o be_v a_o time_n of_o so_o much_o disorder_n and_o bloodshed_n that_o gildas_n with_o great_a reason_n place_n the_o plant_v of_o christianity_n here_o before_o it_o and_o st._n paul_n may_v have_v some_o particular_a encouragement_n at_o rome_n to_o come_v hither_o from_o pomponia_n graecina_n wife_n to_o a._n plautius_n the_o roman_a lieutenant_n under_o claudius_n in_o britain_n for_o that_o she_o be_v a_o christian_a appear_v very_o probable_a from_o the_o account_n tacitus_n give_v of_o she_o 32._o he_o say_v she_o be_v accuse_v of_o foreign_a superstition_n and_o that_o so_o far_o as_o to_o endanger_v her_o life_n but_o her_o husband_n clear_v she_o sit_v as_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a form_n and_o she_o live_v long_o after_o but_o in_o perpetual_a sadness_n if_o tacitus_n be_v to_o describe_v the_o primitive_a christian_n he_o will_v have_v do_v it_o just_a after_o this_o manner_n charge_v their_o religion_n with_o superstition_n and_o the_o severity_n of_o their_o life_n abstain_v from_o all_o the_o feast_n and_o jollity_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o a_o continual_a solitude_n it_o be_v the_o way_n of_o the_o man_n of_o that_o time_n such_o as_o 16._o suetonius_n and_o 98._o pliny_n as_o well_o as_o 15._o tacitus_n to_o speak_v of_o christianity_n as_o a_o barbarous_a and_o wicked_a superstition_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o write_n be_v forbid_v by_o their_o law_n which_o they_o make_v the_o only_a rule_n of_o religion_n and_o this_o happen_v when_o nero_n and_o calphurnius_fw-la piso_n be_v consul_n after_o st._n paul_n come_v to_o rome_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o unreasonable_a to_o suppose_v she_o one_o of_o he_o convert_v by_o who_o he_o may_v easy_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o britain_n and_o thereby_o be_v more_o encourage_v to_o undertake_v a_o voyage_n thither_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o st._n paul_n do_v make_v considerable_a convert_v at_o his_o come_n to_o rome_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o mention_v 4.22_o the_o saint_n in_o caesar_n be_v household_n and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o some_o of_o the_o british_a captive_n carry_v over_o with_o caractacus_n and_o his_o family_n may_v be_v some_o of_o they_o who_o will_v certain_o promote_v the_o conversion_n of_o their_o country_n by_o st._n paul_n but_o i_o can_v affirm_v as_o britan_n moncaeius_fw-la do_v that_o claudia_n mention_v by_o st._n paul_n be_v caractacus_n his_o daughter_n and_o turn_v christian_a and_o after_o marry_v to_o pudens_n a_o roman_a senator_n who_o marriage_n be_v celebrate_v by_o martial_a in_o his_o note_a epigram_n to_o that_o purpose_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o claudia_n ruffina_n be_v a_o britain_n who_o be_v so_o much_o commend_v by_o 53._o martial_a for_o her_o wit_n and_o beauty_n but_o if_o these_o epigram_n be_v write_v in_o trajan_n time_n as_o be_v very_o probable_a it_o be_v somewhat_o of_o the_o late_a for_o the_o daughter_n of_o caractacus_n who_o come_v in_o claudius_n his_o time_n to_o rome_n but_o 6._o alford_n digest_v all_o this_o well_o enough_o only_o he_o be_v extreme_o concern_v lest_o she_o shall_v be_v make_v the_o apostle_n of_o britain_n and_o preach_v here_o before_o st._n peter_n but_o the_o 3._o author_n of_o the_o antiquitates_fw-la britannicae_n who_o he_o reflect_v upon_o say_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o he_o will_v impute_v to_o he_o he_o only_o say_v that_o if_o she_o be_v a_o christian_n she_o will_v acquaint_v her_o countryman_n as_o much_o with_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n as_o she_o do_v before_o with_o martial_a be_v witt._n wherein_o there_o be_v no_o profaneness_n or_o absurdity_n but_o he_o add_v that_o in_o so_o noble_a a_o family_n the_o rest_n of_o her_o kindred_n who_o be_v baptize_v with_o she_o may_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o disperse_v christianity_n in_o the_o british_a nation_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n for_o his_o bid_n claudia_n to_o keep_v at_o home_n and_o make_v room_n for_o st._n peter_n to_o come_v to_o britain_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n but_o if_o this_o claudia_n be_v st._n paul_n disciple_n why_o may_v not_o she_o excite_v that_o apostle_n to_o go_v into_o her_o country_n to_o plant_v christianity_n there_o as_o he_o have_v do_v with_o so_o much_o success_n in_o other_o place_n and_o whether_o st._n peter_n or_o st._n paul_n be_v more_o probable_o the_o apostle_n of_o britain_n be_v now_o to_o be_v consider_v and_o i_o affirm_v 3._o that_o st._n paul_n be_v the_o most_o likely_a to_o come_v hither_o of_o any_o of_o the_o apostle_n the_o several_a tradition_n about_o st._n james_n simon_n zelotes_n and_o philip_n be_v so_o destitute_a of_o any_o ancient_a testimony_n or_o probability_n that_o the_o competition_n among_o the_o apostle_n can_v lie_v only_o between_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n some_o writer_n of_o our_o church_n history_n have_v endeavour_v for_o particular_a reason_n to_o prove_v st._n peter_n to_o have_v preach_v the_o gospel_n in_o britain_n but_o their_o proof_n be_v very_o slight_a and_o inconsiderable_a and_o depend_v chief_o on_o the_o authority_n of_o simeon_n metaphrastes_n or_o other_o legendary_a writer_n or_o some_o monkish_a vision_n or_o some_o domestic_a testimony_n of_o his_o pretend_a successor_n or_o some_o late_a partial_a advocate_n such_o as_o 8._o eysengrenius_n who_o profess_v to_o follow_v metaphrastes_n all_o which_o together_o be_v not_o worth_a mention_v in_o comparison_n with_o the_o author_n on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o shall_v therefore_o examine_v the_o probability_n
examine_v several_a testimony_n of_o origen_n concern_v the_o british_a church_n in_o his_o time_n the_o different_a tradition_n about_o king_n lucius_n the_o state_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n here_o overthrow_v his_o be_v king_n over_o all_o britain_n great_a probability_n there_o be_v such_o a_o king_n in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o and_o then_o convert_v to_o christianity_n a_o conjecture_n propose_v in_o what_o part_n of_o britain_n he_o reign_v the_o most_o probable_a mean_n of_o his_o conversion_n and_o the_o story_n clear_v from_o monkish_a fable_n of_o dioclesian_n persecution_n in_o britain_n and_o the_o stop_n of_o it_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o constantius_n the_o flourish_a of_o the_o british_a church_n under_o constantine_n the_o reason_n only_o of_o three_o british_a bishop_n present_a at_o the_o council_n of_o arles_n the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o episcopal_a government_n here_o of_o the_o flamen_fw-la and_o archiflamines_fw-la of_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n how_o far_o agreeable_a to_o the_o roman_a constitution_n maximinus_n set_v up_o a_o pagan_a hierarchy_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o christian._n the_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o arles_n not_o send_v to_o the_o pope_n to_o confirm_v but_o to_o publish_v they_o have_v show_v the_o great_a probability_n of_o the_o plant_n a_o christian_a church_n here_o in_o the_o apostle_n time_n and_o that_o by_o st._n paul_n i_o be_o now_o to_o consider_v the_o succession_n of_o this_o church_n of_o which_o we_o have_v undoubted_a evidence_n from_o the_o unquestionable_a testimony_n of_o tertullian_n and_o origen_n who_o mention_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n so_o very_o well_o know_v that_o they_o use_v it_o as_o a_o argument_n against_o the_o jew_n to_o prove_v christ_n to_o have_v be_v the_o promise_a messiah_n because_o the_o uttermost_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v give_v for_o his_o possession_n tertullian_n flourish_v as_o st._n jerome_n say_v under_o severus_n and_o his_o son_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o severus_n he_o write_v against_o the_o jew_n as_o 4._o baronius_n prove_v from_o several_a passage_n in_o that_o book_n in_o his_o time_n the_o affair_n of_o britain_n be_v very_o well_o understand_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n especial_o by_o man_n so_o learned_a and_o inquisitive_a as_o tertullian_n for_o clodius_n albinus_n have_v set_v up_o for_o the_o empire_n in_o britain_n and_o be_v beat_v by_o severus_n near_o lion_n he_o take_v care_n to_o secure_v this_o province_n by_o send_v virius_n lupus_n his_o lieutenant_n hither_o but_o thing_n grow_v troublesome_a here_o severus_n himself_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n hither_o and_o bring_v the_o britain_n to_o such_o term_n that_o they_o be_v content_v to_o live_v beyond_o the_o wall_n which_o severus_n build_v where_o hadrian_n wall_n have_v be_v before_o the_o part_n of_o britain_n beyond_o the_o wall_n be_v call_v caledonia_n as_o sever._n dio_n say_v and_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o roman_n be_v at_o that_o time_n full_o acquaint_v with_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o britain_n both_o within_o the_o province_n and_o without_o and_o therefore_o tertullian_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o speak_v at_o random_n about_o this_o matter_n when_o 7._o he_o mention_n the_o nation_n of_o gaul_n and_o the_o britain_n with_o as_o much_o assurance_n as_o he_o do_v his_o countryman_n the_o moor_n for_o receive_v christianity_n and_o say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o christ_n be_v advance_v among_o they_o and_o that_o christ_n be_v solemn_o worship_v by_o they_o tertullian_n be_v a_o man_n of_o too_o much_o understanding_n to_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o contempt_n of_o the_o jew_n by_o mention_v this_o as_o a_o thing_n so_o well_o know_v at_o that_o time_n if_o the_o britain_n be_v then_o know_v to_o be_v no_o christian_n or_o if_o they_o have_v be_v such_o and_o be_v return_v to_o barbarism_n the_o argument_n will_v have_v be_v strong_a against_o he_o when_o therefore_o such_o a_o passage_n do_v not_o fall_v by_o chance_n from_o such_o a_o writer_n but_o the_o force_n of_o a_o argument_n depend_v upon_o it_o it_o be_v of_o so_o much_o great_a weight_n how_o ridiculous_a will_v it_o appear_v for_o a_o man_n to_o prove_v that_o popery_n be_v the_o catholic_n religion_n by_o instance_v not_o only_o in_o italy_n and_o spain_n as_o the_o nation_n where_o it_o be_v universal_o receive_v but_o in_o great_a britain_n and_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n no_o less_o be_v the_o absurdity_n then_o to_o prove_v christ_n universal_a kingdom_n by_o enumerate_v gaul_n and_o britain_n with_o other_o nation_n where_o christ_n be_v worship_v if_o there_o be_v no_o christian_a church_n at_o that_o time_n in_o be_v among_o they_o but_o there_o be_v two_o objection_n against_o this_o passage_n of_o tertullian_n which_o must_v be_v remove_v 1._o that_o he_o speak_v of_o that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o be_v not_o under_o the_o roman_a power_n and_o the_o conversion_n of_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v late_a than_o to_o be_v here_o mention_v by_o tertullian_n for_o 35._o joh._n fordon_n and_o 14._o joh._n maior_n from_o a_o ancient_a distich_n in_o both_o of_o they_o christi_n transactis_fw-la tribus_fw-la annis_fw-la atque_fw-la ducentis_fw-la scotia_n catholicam_fw-la coepit_fw-la inire_fw-la fidem_fw-la say_v that_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v receive_v in_o scotland_n in_o a._n d._n 203._o about_o the_o seven_o of_o severus_n but_o this_o be_v so_o little_a a_o time_n before_o tertullian_n write_n that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o africa_n as_o to_o afford_v strength_n to_o a_o argument_n against_o the_o jew_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v true_a tertullian_n do_v add_v the_o great_a emphasis_n to_o his_o argument_n by_o say_v et_fw-la britannorum_fw-la inaccessa_fw-la romanis_n loca_fw-la christo_fw-la vero_fw-la subdita_fw-la the_o gospel_n have_v access_n to_o those_o part_n of_o britain_n whither_o the_o roman_n have_v none_o which_o do_v prove_v that_o christianity_n be_v then_o receive_v beyond_o the_o wall_n but_o not_o by_o the_o scot_n who_o be_v not_o yet_o settle_v in_o those_o part_n but_o by_o the_o old_a britain_n who_o be_v drive_v thither_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n give_v by_o severo_fw-la xiphilin_n out_o of_o dio_n who_o say_v that_o the_o britain_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n the_o maeatae_n and_o the_o caledonii_n the_o former_a dwell_v by_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o latter_a beyond_o they_o these_o be_v the_o extraprovincial_a britain_n and_o be_v distinct_a both_o from_o the_o pict_n and_o the_o scot_n say_v 36._o joh._n fordon_n who_o careful_o distinguish_v these_o three_o nation_n when_o he_o speak_v of_o their_o war_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o he_o make_v fulgentius_n the_o head_n of_o the_o britain_n of_o albany_n in_o the_o time_n of_o severus_n but_o he_o suppose_v both_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o northern_a part_n long_o before_o and_o that_o the_o scot_n receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n in_o the_o time_n of_o severus_n victor_n be_v then_o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o succeed_v eleutherius_fw-la to_o who_o say_v 89._o hector_n boethius_n king_n donald_n send_v ambassador_n to_o desire_v he_o to_o send_v person_n fit_a to_o instruct_v they_o in_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o upon_o this_o say_v he_o it_o be_v general_o receive_v in_o scotland_n palladio_n dempster_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n be_v very_o warm_a in_o this_o matter_n and_o say_v all_o their_o annal_n and_o history_n agree_v that_o king_n donald_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n do_v then_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o be_v angry_a with_o baronius_n for_o put_v off_o their_o conversion_n to_o the_o time_n of_o palladius_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o his_o boast_n of_o the_o consent_n of_o annal_n and_o history_n the_o scotichronicon_n be_v the_o only_a authority_n he_o have_v to_o produce_v and_o in_o his_o preface_n he_o say_v that_o king_n edward_n i._o destroy_v all_o the_o monument_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o it_o be_v somewhat_o unreasonable_a to_o complain_v of_o the_o want_n and_o to_o allege_v the_o consent_n of_o they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o beside_o he_o produce_v something_o out_o of_o fordon_n concern_v paschasius_fw-la of_o sicily_n be_v send_v by_o victor_n into_o scotland_n and_o return_v with_o a_o message_n from_o king_n donald_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o fordon_n but_o as_o 2._o baronius_n observe_v it_o be_v strange_a that_o so_o remarkable_a a_o conversion_n shall_v be_v ommit_v not_o only_o by_o bede_n but_o by_o marianus_n scotus_n who_o mention_n the_o mission_n of_o palladius_n and_o fine_a prosper_n say_v upon_o the_o mission_n of_o palladius_n who_o be_v make_v the_o first_o bishop_n over_o the_o scotish_n christian_n the_o people_n who_o be_v barbarous_a before_o be_v make_v christian_n but_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o dempster_n not_o without_o
make_v use_v of_o no_o other_o but_o where_o he_o follow_v hector_n own_o invention_n the_o remainder_n of_o his_o story_n be_v that_o thing_n be_v quiet_v here_o arthur_n go_v over_o into_o lesser_n britain_n and_o leave_v the_o government_n to_o his_o nephew_n mordred_n but_o while_o he_o be_v abroad_o some_o have_v prevail_v with_o he_o to_o declare_v constantine_n the_o son_n of_o cador_n his_o successor_n be_v bear_v in_o britain_n which_o be_v do_v mordred_n set_v up_o for_o himself_o and_o in_o a_o battle_n about_o humber_n say_v he_o mordred_n be_v kill_v and_o arthur_n mortal_o wound_v thus_o buchanan_n have_v pick_v what_o he_o think_v fit_a out_o of_o hector_n conclude_v with_o a_o bitter_a invective_n against_o the_o fabulous_a relation_n about_o arthur_n but_o he_o give_v he_o a_o extraordinary_a character_n say_v he_o be_v certain_o a_o great_a man_n of_o mighty_a courage_n and_o wonderful_a kindness_n to_o his_o country_n preserve_v they_o from_o slavery_n and_o keep_v up_o or_o restore_v the_o true_a religion_n and_o that_o be_v the_o subject_a i_o be_o now_o to_o consider_v viz._n the_o state_n of_o religion_n here_o in_o king_n arthur_n be_v day_n it_o be_v under_o great_a persecution_n almost_o wherever_o the_o saxon_n come_v who_o be_v cruel_a both_o to_o the_o body_n and_o soul_n of_o the_o poor_a britain_n most_o of_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a part_n be_v under_o their_o tyranny_n and_o 87._o brian_n twine_n quote_v a_o passage_n out_o of_o matt._n westminster_n which_o be_v not_o so_o full_a in_o the_o print_a copy_n concern_v the_o persecution_n of_o the_o british_a christian_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o land_n for_o say_v he_o anno_fw-la dom._n 527._o the_o pagan_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n of_o the_o east-angle_n &_o omni_fw-la crudelitatis_fw-la genere_fw-la christianos_n affecerunt_fw-la they_o torment_v the_o christian_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o cruelty_n although_o this_o be_v want_v in_o other_o copy_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o presume_v the_o saxon_n use_v the_o british_a christian_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n in_o the_o most_o place_n where_o they_o prevail_v it_o be_v true_a that_o 2._o malmsbury_n say_v many_o of_o the_o britain_n submit_v to_o cerdic_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o be_v the_o better_o use_v for_o do_v so_o tho._n 1._o rudburn_n say_v that_o cerdic_n allow_v liberty_n of_o profess_v the_o christian_a religion_n to_o the_o cornish_a upon_o a_o certain_a tribute_n i_o rather_o think_v that_o cerdic_n never_o go_v so_o far_o but_o leave_v that_o part_n to_o the_o britain_n who_o still_o continue_v there_o for_o in_o gildas_n his_o time_n constantine_n be_v say_v to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o danmonii_n and_o 141._o camden_n observe_v out_o of_o marianus_n scotus_n that_o anno_fw-la dom._n 820._o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n have_v a_o terrible_a fight_n at_o camelford_n in_o cornwall_n which_o leland_n think_v to_o have_v be_v camlan_n where_o king_n arthur_n fight_v with_o mordred_n and_o near_o which_o be_v a_o stone_n say_v mr._n 122._o carew_n which_o bear_v arthur_n be_v name_n but_o now_o call_v atry_n to_o prove_v what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o west-saxon_a kingdom_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o cornwall_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o 2._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n say_v that_o ceaulin_n granchild_n to_o cerdic_n be_v the_o first_o who_o take_v gloucester_n cicester_n and_o bath_n from_o the_o britain_n and_o drive_v they_o thence_o into_o the_o rocky_a and_o woody_n place_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o athelstan_n above_o 400_o year_n after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o saxon_n the_o cornish_a britain_n do_v inhabit_v in_o exeter_n 6._o and_o be_v drive_v thence_o by_o he_o beyond_o the_o river_n tamar_n and_o confine_v by_o that_o as_o the_o other_z britain_n be_v by_o the_o wye_n this_o show_v that_o the_o britain_n in_o cornwall_n and_o thereabouts_o be_v free_a from_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o west-saxon_a kingdom_n as_o to_o the_o northern_a britain_n 3._o they_o come_v to_o some_o agreement_n after_o a_o while_n with_o oeca_n and_o ebusa_n who_o hengist_n send_v thither_o and_o that_o they_o have_v their_o own_o government_n and_o the_o christian_a religion_n among_o they_o appear_v by_o the_o history_n of_o ceadwalla_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o britain_n in_o 20._o bede_n but_o these_o be_v but_o small_a remnant_n in_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n as_o to_o the_o eastern_a we_o have_v have_v the_o testimony_n of_o matt._n westminster_n already_o and_o although_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n do_v not_o begin_v till_o afterward_o about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 575._o yet_o in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o cerdic_n about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 517._o huntingdon_n observe_v that_o many_o angles_n or_o saxon_n be_v come_v out_o of_o germany_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n of_o the_o east-angle_n and_o mercia_n and_o wherever_o they_o prevail_v the_o poor_a british_a christian_n suffer_v to_o the_o high_a extremity_n which_o be_v enough_o to_o consider_v man_n to_o overthrow_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o suppose_a diploma_n of_o king_n arthur_n to_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n which_o bear_v date_n anno_fw-la dom._n 531._o but_o brian_n twine_n have_v bring_v no_o few_o than_o 15_o argument_n against_o it_o which_o be_v far_o more_o than_o need_v for_o i_o can_v think_v that_o dr._n cajus_n in_o earnest_n believe_v it_o for_o he_o go_v not_o about_o to_o prove_v the_o diploma_n but_o king_n arthur_n and_o i_o can_v think_v it_o any_o honour_n or_o service_n to_o so_o famous_a and_o ancient_a a_o university_n to_o produce_v any_o such_o sespected_a diplomata_fw-la or_o monkish_a legend_n to_o prove_v its_o antiquity_n it_o be_v not_o certain_a in_o who_o possession_n london_n be_v at_o that_o time_n from_o whence_o the_o charter_n be_v date_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a be_v then_o set_v up_o by_o erkinwin_n and_o london_n common_o be_v under_o that_o and_o that_o kingdom_n as_o 6._o malmsbury_n observe_v have_v the_o same_o limit_n which_o the_o diocese_n of_o london_n now_o have_v viz._n essex_n middlesex_n and_o part_n of_o hartfordshire_n 586._o matt._n westminster_n agree_v that_o middlesex_n be_v under_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a but_o he_o will_v not_o yield_v that_o theonus_n bishop_n of_o london_n do_v retire_v with_o his_o clergy_n into_o wales_n till_o anno_fw-la dom._n 586._o and_o then_o he_o confess_v that_o he_o and_o thadioc_n bishop_n of_o york_n when_o they_o see_v all_o their_o church_n demolish_v or_o turn_v into_o idol_n temple_n do_v for_o their_o security_n retire_v thither_o and_o there_o be_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n keep_v up_o even_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n arthur_n there_o flourish_v the_o school_n of_o literature_n set_v up_o by_o dubricius_n and_o iltutus_n and_o there_o be_v the_o person_n of_o great_a reputation_n for_o learning_n and_o sanctity_n in_o the_o british_a church_n such_o as_o dubricius_n iltutus_n paulinus_n gundleus_n cadocus_n samson_n paternus_n daniel_n and_o st._n david_n above_o the_o rest_n who_o reputation_n continue_v to_o this_o day_n and_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o saxon_a church_n of_o britain_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o breviary_n of_o salisbury_n where_o nine_o lesson_n be_v appoint_v upon_o his_o day_n and_o 263._o maihew_n observe_v that_o this_o be_v by_o a_o provincial_a constitution_n in_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n but_o the_o nine_o lesson_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o legend_n of_o his_o life_n a_o little_a be_v add_v at_o the_o end_n concern_v his_o death_n it_o be_v the_o just_a complaint_n of_o 5._o bollandus_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o extant_a concern_v he_o which_o be_v write_v near_o his_o own_o time_n and_o what_o be_v extant_a have_v many_o fabulous_a mixture_n so_o that_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n the_o old_a ms._n of_o his_o life_n he_o say_v be_v that_o of_o vtretcht_a which_o he_o have_v publish_v the_o next_o he_o account_v be_v that_o in_o colganus_n which_o he_o will_v have_v think_v to_o be_v the_o life_n write_v by_o ricemarchus_n quote_v by_o archbishop_n 844._o usher_n who_o he_o suppose_v to_o have_v live_v before_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o transcribe_v much_o out_o of_o he_o but_o colganus_n withal_o intimate_v that_o the_o life_n be_v take_v out_o of_o a_o old_a book_n wherein_o augustin_n macraidin_n the_o author_n of_o the_o annal_n of_o ulster_n have_v write_v many_o thing_n and_o probable_o may_v write_v that_o too_o and_o to_o confirm_v this_o bollandus_n observe_v only_o a_o little_a difference_n in_o style_n between_o this_o and_o the_o vtretcht_a ms._n but_o if_o we_o add_v to_o these_o giraldus_n his_o life_n with_o that_o of_o john_n of_o tinmouth_n or_o capgrave_n we_o